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Enkaku A, Chujo D, Kamigishi M, Inagawa S, Matsukoshi S, Sakai W, Takikawa A, Fujisaka S, Tobe K. Short-term recovery of insulin secretion in response to a meal is associated with future glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients. J Diabetes Investig 2024; 15:437-448. [PMID: 38151917 PMCID: PMC10981139 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.14129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Endogenous insulin secretion could be recovered by improving hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the association between short-term recovery of insulin secretion during hospitalization and clinical background or future glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 127 patients with type 2 diabetes were included. The recovery of endogenous insulin secretion was determined using the following indices: index A: fasting C-peptide index (CPI) at discharge - fasting CPI on admission; index B: postprandial CPI at discharge - postprandial CPI on admission; and index C: Δ C-peptide immunoreactivity (CPR) (postprandial CPR - fasting CPR) at discharge - ΔCPR on admission. We examined the associations of each index with clinical background and future glycemic control measured by glycosylated hemoglobin and continuous glucose monitoring. RESULTS Using index A and B, the age was significantly younger, whereas BMI and visceral fat area were significantly higher in the high-recovery group than in the low-recovery group. Changes in glycosylated hemoglobin levels were significantly greater at 6 and 12 months in the high-recovery group in the analysis of index C. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified the index B and index C as indicators to predict glycosylated hemoglobin <7.0% at 6 months after discharge. Furthermore, index C was positively correlated with the time in the target glucose range, and inversely correlated with the standard deviation of glucose at 3 and 12 months after discharge. CONCLUSIONS Short-term recovery of insulin secretion in response to a meal during hospitalization, evaluated with the index-C, might predict future glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Enkaku
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and EndocrinologyToyama University HospitalToyamaJapan
| | - Daisuke Chujo
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and EndocrinologyToyama University HospitalToyamaJapan
- Center for Clinical ResearchToyama University HospitalToyamaJapan
| | - Miki Kamigishi
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and EndocrinologyToyama University HospitalToyamaJapan
| | - Shinya Inagawa
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and EndocrinologyToyama University HospitalToyamaJapan
| | - Shinnosuke Matsukoshi
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and EndocrinologyToyama University HospitalToyamaJapan
| | - Waka Sakai
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and EndocrinologyToyama University HospitalToyamaJapan
| | - Akiko Takikawa
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and EndocrinologyToyama University HospitalToyamaJapan
| | - Shiho Fujisaka
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and EndocrinologyToyama University HospitalToyamaJapan
| | - Kazuyuki Tobe
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and EndocrinologyToyama University HospitalToyamaJapan
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Nishida Y, Berg PC, Shakersain B, Hecht K, Takikawa A, Tao R, Kakuta Y, Uragami C, Hashimoto H, Misawa N, Maoka T. Astaxanthin: Past, Present, and Future. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:514. [PMID: 37888449 PMCID: PMC10608541 DOI: 10.3390/md21100514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AX), a lipid-soluble pigment belonging to the xanthophyll carotenoids family, has recently garnered significant attention due to its unique physical properties, biochemical attributes, and physiological effects. Originally recognized primarily for its role in imparting the characteristic red-pink color to various organisms, AX is currently experiencing a surge in interest and research. The growing body of literature in this field predominantly focuses on AXs distinctive bioactivities and properties. However, the potential of algae-derived AX as a solution to various global environmental and societal challenges that threaten life on our planet has not received extensive attention. Furthermore, the historical context and the role of AX in nature, as well as its significance in diverse cultures and traditional health practices, have not been comprehensively explored in previous works. This review article embarks on a comprehensive journey through the history leading up to the present, offering insights into the discovery of AX, its chemical and physical attributes, distribution in organisms, and biosynthesis. Additionally, it delves into the intricate realm of health benefits, biofunctional characteristics, and the current market status of AX. By encompassing these multifaceted aspects, this review aims to provide readers with a more profound understanding and a robust foundation for future scientific endeavors directed at addressing societal needs for sustainable nutritional and medicinal solutions. An updated summary of AXs health benefits, its present market status, and potential future applications are also included for a well-rounded perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Nishida
- Fuji Chemical Industries, Co., Ltd., 55 Yokohoonji, Kamiich-machi, Nakaniikawa-gun, Toyama 930-0405, Japan
| | | | - Behnaz Shakersain
- AstaReal AB, Signum, Forumvägen 14, Level 16, 131 53 Nacka, Sweden; (P.C.B.); (B.S.)
| | - Karen Hecht
- AstaReal, Inc., 3 Terri Lane, Unit 12, Burlington, NJ 08016, USA;
| | - Akiko Takikawa
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan;
| | - Ruohan Tao
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.K.); (C.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Yumeka Kakuta
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.K.); (C.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Chiasa Uragami
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.K.); (C.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Hideki Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.K.); (C.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Norihiko Misawa
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Suematsu, Nonoichi-shi 921-8836, Japan;
| | - Takashi Maoka
- Research Institute for Production Development, 15 Shimogamo-morimoto-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0805, Japan
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Yagi K, Imamura T, Tada H, Liu J, Miyamoto Y, Ohbatake A, Ito N, Shikata M, Enkaku A, Takikawa A, Honoki H, Fujisaka S, Chujo D, Origasa H, Kinugawa K, Tobe K. Fragmented QRS on electrocardiography as a predictor for diastolic cardiac dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Investig 2022; 13:1052-1061. [PMID: 35092353 PMCID: PMC9153843 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims/Introduction Diastolic cardiac dysfunction in type 2 diabetes (DD2D) is a critical risk of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. However, there is no established biomarker to detect DD2D. We aimed to investigate the predictive impact of fragmented QRS (fQRS) on electrocardiography on the existence of DD2D. Materials and Methods We included in‐hospital patients with type 2 diabetes without heart failure symptoms who were admitted to our institution for glycemic management between November 2017 and April 2021. An fQRS was defined as an additional R′ wave or notching/splitting of the S wave in two contiguous electrocardiography leads. DD2D was diagnosed according to the latest guidelines of the American Society of Echocardiography. Results Of 320 participants, 122 patients (38.1%) had fQRS. DD2D was diagnosed in 82 (25.6%). An fQRS was significantly associated with the existence of DD2D (odds ratio 4.37, 95% confidence interval 2.33–8.20; p < 0.0001) adjusted for seven potential confounders. The correlation between DD2D and diabetic microvascular disease was significant only among those with fQRS. Classification and regression tree analysis showed that fQRS was the most relevant optimum split for DD2D. Conclusions An fQRS might be a simple and promising predictor of the existence of DD2D. The findings should be validated in a larger‐scale cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunimasa Yagi
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine University of Toyama 2630 Sugitani Toyama 934‐0194 Japan
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science 13‐1 Takaramachi Kanazawa 920‐0934 Japan
| | - Teruhiko Imamura
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine University of Toyama 2630 Sugitani Toyama 934‐0194 Japan
| | - Hayato Tada
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science 13‐1 Takaramachi Kanazawa 920‐0934 Japan
| | - Jianhui Liu
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine University of Toyama 2630 Sugitani Toyama 934‐0194 Japan
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science 13‐1 Takaramachi Kanazawa 920‐0934 Japan
| | - Yukiko Miyamoto
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science 13‐1 Takaramachi Kanazawa 920‐0934 Japan
| | - Azusa Ohbatake
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science 13‐1 Takaramachi Kanazawa 920‐0934 Japan
| | - Naoko Ito
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science 13‐1 Takaramachi Kanazawa 920‐0934 Japan
| | - Masataka Shikata
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine University of Toyama 2630 Sugitani Toyama 934‐0194 Japan
| | - Asako Enkaku
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine University of Toyama 2630 Sugitani Toyama 934‐0194 Japan
| | - Akiko Takikawa
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine University of Toyama 2630 Sugitani Toyama 934‐0194 Japan
| | - Hisae Honoki
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine University of Toyama 2630 Sugitani Toyama 934‐0194 Japan
| | - Shiho Fujisaka
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine University of Toyama 2630 Sugitani Toyama 934‐0194 Japan
| | - Daisuke Chujo
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine University of Toyama 2630 Sugitani Toyama 934‐0194 Japan
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science 13‐1 Takaramachi Kanazawa 920‐0934 Japan
| | - Hideki Origasa
- Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2630 Sugitani Toyama 934‐0194 Japan
| | - Koichiro Kinugawa
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine University of Toyama 2630 Sugitani Toyama 934‐0194 Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tobe
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine University of Toyama 2630 Sugitani Toyama 934‐0194 Japan
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Nawaz A, Nishida Y, Takikawa A, Fujisaka S, Kado T, Aminuddin A, Bilal M, Jeelani I, Aslam MR, Nishimura A, Kuwano T, Watanabe Y, Igarashi Y, Okabe K, Ahmed S, Manzoor A, Usui I, Yagi K, Nakagawa T, Tobe K. Astaxanthin, a Marine Carotenoid, Maintains the Tolerance and Integrity of Adipose Tissue and Contributes to Its Healthy Functions. Nutrients 2021; 13:4374. [PMID: 34959926 PMCID: PMC8703397 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, obesity-induced insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease have become major social problems. We have previously shown that Astaxanthin (AX), which is a natural antioxidant, significantly ameliorates obesity-induced glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. It is well known that AX is a strong lipophilic antioxidant and has been shown to be beneficial for acute inflammation. However, the actual effects of AX on chronic inflammation in adipose tissue (AT) remain unclear. To observe the effects of AX on AT functions in obese mice, we fed six-week-old male C57BL/6J on high-fat-diet (HFD) supplemented with or without 0.02% of AX for 24 weeks. We determined the effect of AX at 10 and 24 weeks of HFD with or without AX on various parameters including insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, inflammation, and mitochondrial function in AT. We found that AX significantly reduced oxidative stress and macrophage infiltration into AT, as well as maintaining healthy AT function. Furthermore, AX prevented pathological AT remodeling probably caused by hypoxia in AT. Collectively, AX treatment exerted anti-inflammatory effects via its antioxidant activity in AT, maintained the vascular structure of AT and preserved the stem cells and progenitor's niche, and enhanced anti-inflammatory hypoxia induction factor-2α-dominant hypoxic response. Through these mechanisms of action, it prevented the pathological remodeling of AT and maintained its integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allah Nawaz
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (I.J.); (K.O.); (T.N.)
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (Y.N.); (A.T.); (S.F.); (T.K.); (A.A.); (M.B.); (M.R.A.); (A.N.); (T.K.); (Y.W.); (Y.I.); (K.Y.)
| | - Yasuhiro Nishida
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (Y.N.); (A.T.); (S.F.); (T.K.); (A.A.); (M.B.); (M.R.A.); (A.N.); (T.K.); (Y.W.); (Y.I.); (K.Y.)
- Fuji Chemical Industries, Co., Ltd., 55 Yokohoonji, Kamiich-machi, Nakaniikawa-gun, Toyama 930-0405, Japan
| | - Akiko Takikawa
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (Y.N.); (A.T.); (S.F.); (T.K.); (A.A.); (M.B.); (M.R.A.); (A.N.); (T.K.); (Y.W.); (Y.I.); (K.Y.)
| | - Shiho Fujisaka
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (Y.N.); (A.T.); (S.F.); (T.K.); (A.A.); (M.B.); (M.R.A.); (A.N.); (T.K.); (Y.W.); (Y.I.); (K.Y.)
| | - Tomonobu Kado
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (Y.N.); (A.T.); (S.F.); (T.K.); (A.A.); (M.B.); (M.R.A.); (A.N.); (T.K.); (Y.W.); (Y.I.); (K.Y.)
| | - Aminuddin Aminuddin
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (Y.N.); (A.T.); (S.F.); (T.K.); (A.A.); (M.B.); (M.R.A.); (A.N.); (T.K.); (Y.W.); (Y.I.); (K.Y.)
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (Y.N.); (A.T.); (S.F.); (T.K.); (A.A.); (M.B.); (M.R.A.); (A.N.); (T.K.); (Y.W.); (Y.I.); (K.Y.)
| | - Ishtiaq Jeelani
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (I.J.); (K.O.); (T.N.)
| | - Muhammad Rahil Aslam
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (Y.N.); (A.T.); (S.F.); (T.K.); (A.A.); (M.B.); (M.R.A.); (A.N.); (T.K.); (Y.W.); (Y.I.); (K.Y.)
| | - Ayumi Nishimura
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (Y.N.); (A.T.); (S.F.); (T.K.); (A.A.); (M.B.); (M.R.A.); (A.N.); (T.K.); (Y.W.); (Y.I.); (K.Y.)
| | - Takahide Kuwano
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (Y.N.); (A.T.); (S.F.); (T.K.); (A.A.); (M.B.); (M.R.A.); (A.N.); (T.K.); (Y.W.); (Y.I.); (K.Y.)
| | - Yoshiyuki Watanabe
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (Y.N.); (A.T.); (S.F.); (T.K.); (A.A.); (M.B.); (M.R.A.); (A.N.); (T.K.); (Y.W.); (Y.I.); (K.Y.)
| | - Yoshiko Igarashi
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (Y.N.); (A.T.); (S.F.); (T.K.); (A.A.); (M.B.); (M.R.A.); (A.N.); (T.K.); (Y.W.); (Y.I.); (K.Y.)
| | - Keisuke Okabe
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (I.J.); (K.O.); (T.N.)
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (Y.N.); (A.T.); (S.F.); (T.K.); (A.A.); (M.B.); (M.R.A.); (A.N.); (T.K.); (Y.W.); (Y.I.); (K.Y.)
- Center for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Toyama University Hospital, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Saeed Ahmed
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan;
| | | | - Isao Usui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu 321-0293, Japan;
| | - Kunimasa Yagi
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (Y.N.); (A.T.); (S.F.); (T.K.); (A.A.); (M.B.); (M.R.A.); (A.N.); (T.K.); (Y.W.); (Y.I.); (K.Y.)
| | - Takashi Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (I.J.); (K.O.); (T.N.)
| | - Kazuyuki Tobe
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (Y.N.); (A.T.); (S.F.); (T.K.); (A.A.); (M.B.); (M.R.A.); (A.N.); (T.K.); (Y.W.); (Y.I.); (K.Y.)
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Yagi K, Imamura T, Tada H, Chujo D, Liu J, Shima Y, Ohbatake A, Miyamoto Y, Okazaki S, Ito N, Nakano K, Shikata M, Enkaku A, Takikawa A, Honoki H, Fujisaka S, Origasa H, Tobe K. Diastolic Cardiac Function Improvement by Liraglutide Is Mainly Body Weight Reduction Dependent but Independently Contributes to B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Reduction in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes with Preserved Ejection Fraction. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:8838026. [PMID: 33855087 PMCID: PMC8019623 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8838026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A single-arm prospective study was conducted among Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes having preserved ejection fraction. The aim was to investigate (1) whether liraglutide therapy could improve B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels and diastolic cardiac function assessed by the E-wave to E' ratio (E/E') using transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), and (2) whether E/E' contributed to BNP improvement independent of bodyweight reduction (UMIN000005565). METHODS Patients with type 2 diabetes and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥ 40% without heart failure symptoms were enrolled, and daily injection with liraglutide (0.9 mg) was introduced. Cardiac functions were assessed by TTE before and after 26 weeks of liraglutide treatment. Diastolic cardiac function was defined as septal E/E' ≥ 13.0. RESULTS Thirty-one patients were analyzed. BNP and E/E' improved, with BNP levels declining from 36.8 ± 30.5 pg/mL to 26.3 ± 25.9 pg/mL (p = 0.0014) and E/E' dropping from 12.7 ± 4.7 to 11.0 ± 3.3 (p = 0.0376). The LVEF showed no significant changes. E/E' improved only in patients with E/E' ≥ 13.0. Favorable changes in E/E' were canceled when adjusted for body mass index (BMI). Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that the left ventricular diastolic diameter and ∆E/E'/∆BMI contributed to ∆BNP/baseline BNP (p = 0.0075, R 2 = 0.49264). CONCLUSIONS Liraglutide had favorable effects on BNP and E/E' but not on LVEF. E/E' improvement was only seen in patients with diastolic cardiac function. Body weight reduction affected the change of E/E'. The BMI-adjusted E/E' significantly contributed to the relative change of BNP. GLP-1 analog treatment could be considered a therapeutic option against diabetic diastolic cardiac dysfunction regardless of body weight. This trial is registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network in Japan, with clinical trial registration number: UMIN000005565.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunimasa Yagi
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 934-0194, Japan
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920-0934, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Imamura
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 934-0194, Japan
| | - Hayato Tada
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920-0934, Japan
| | - Daisuke Chujo
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 934-0194, Japan
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920-0934, Japan
| | - Jianhui Liu
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 934-0194, Japan
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920-0934, Japan
| | - Yuuki Shima
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920-0934, Japan
| | - Azusa Ohbatake
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920-0934, Japan
| | - Yukiko Miyamoto
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920-0934, Japan
| | - Satoko Okazaki
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920-0934, Japan
| | - Naoko Ito
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920-0934, Japan
| | - Kaoru Nakano
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920-0934, Japan
| | - Masataka Shikata
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 934-0194, Japan
| | - Asako Enkaku
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 934-0194, Japan
| | - Akiko Takikawa
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 934-0194, Japan
| | - Hisae Honoki
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 934-0194, Japan
| | - Shiho Fujisaka
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 934-0194, Japan
| | - Hideki Origasa
- Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 934-0194, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tobe
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 934-0194, Japan
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Nishida Y, Nawaz A, Kado T, Takikawa A, Igarashi Y, Onogi Y, Wada T, Sasaoka T, Yamamoto S, Sasahara M, Imura J, Tokuyama K, Usui I, Nakagawa T, Fujisaka S, Kunimasa Y, Tobe K. Astaxanthin stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis in insulin resistant muscle via activation of AMPK pathway. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:241-258. [PMID: 32003547 PMCID: PMC7015247 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle is mainly responsible for insulin-stimulated glucose disposal. Dysfunction in skeletal muscle metabolism especially during obesity contributes to the insulin resistance. Astaxanthin (AX), a natural antioxidant, has been shown to ameliorate hepatic insulin resistance in obese mice. However, its effects in skeletal muscle are poorly understood. The current study aimed to investigate the molecular target of AX in ameliorating skeletal muscle insulin resistance. METHODS We fed 6-week-old male C57BL/6J mice with normal chow (NC) or NC supplemented with AX (NC+AX) and high-fat-diet (HFD) or HFD supplemented with AX for 24 weeks. We determined the effect of AX on various parameters including insulin sensitivity, glucose uptake, inflammation, kinase signaling, gene expression, and mitochondrial function in muscle. We also determined energy metabolism in intact C2C12 cells treated with AX using the Seahorse XFe96 Extracellular Flux Analyzer and assessed the effect of AX on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial biogenesis. RESULTS AX-treated HFD mice showed improved metabolic status with significant reduction in blood glucose, serum total triglycerides, and cholesterol (p< 0.05). AX-treated HFD mice also showed improved glucose metabolism by enhancing glucose incorporation into peripheral target tissues, such as the skeletal muscle, rather than by suppressing gluconeogenesis in the liver as shown by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp study. AX activated AMPK in the skeletal muscle of the HFD mice and upregulated the expressions of transcriptional factors and coactivator, thereby inducing mitochondrial remodeling, including increased mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation component and free fatty acid metabolism. We also assessed the effects of AX on mitochondrial biogenesis in the siRNA-mediated AMPK-depleted C2C12 cells and showed that the effect of AX was lost in the genetically AMPK-depleted C2C12 cells. Collectively, AX treatment (i) significantly ameliorated insulin resistance and glucose intolerance through regulation of AMPK activation in the muscle, (ii) stimulated mitochondrial biogenesis in the muscle, (iii) enhanced exercise tolerance and exercise-induced fatty acid metabolism, and (iv) exerted antiinflammatory effects via its antioxidant activity in adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that AX treatment stimulated mitochondrial biogenesis and significantly ameliorated insulin resistance through activation of AMPK pathway in the skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Nishida
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Fuji Chemical Industries, Co., Ltd., Toyama, Japan
| | - Allah Nawaz
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tomonobu Kado
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Akiko Takikawa
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Igarashi
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Onogi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Wada
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Sasaoka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Seiji Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | | | - Johji Imura
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kumpei Tokuyama
- Doctoral Program in Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Isao Usui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakagawa
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shiho Fujisaka
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yagi Kunimasa
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tobe
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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Omura Y, Yagi K, Honoki H, Iwata M, Enkaku A, Takikawa A, Kuwano T, Watanabe Y, Nishimura A, Liu J, Chujo D, Fujisaka S, Enya M, Horikawa Y, Tobe K. Clinical manifestations of a sporadic maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) 5 with a whole deletion of HNF1B based on 17q12 microdeletion. Endocr J 2019; 66:1113-1116. [PMID: 31391355 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej19-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a sporadic case of maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 5 (MODY5) with a whole-gene deletion of the hepatocyte nuclear factor-1beta (HNF1B) gene. A 44-year-old Japanese man who had been diagnosed with early-onset non-autoimmune diabetes mellitus at the age of 23 was examined. He showed multi-systemic symptoms, including a solitary congenital kidney, pancreatic hypoplasia, pancreatic exocrine dysfunction, elevation of the serum levels of liver enzymes, hypomagnesemia, and hyperuricemia. These clinical characteristics, in spite of the absence of a family history of diabetes, prompted us to make the diagnosis of maturity-onset diabetes of the young 5 (MODY 5). One allele deletion of the entire HNF1B gene revealed by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) led us to the diagnoses of 17q12 microdeletion syndrome even though there were negative chromosomal analyses with array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). 17q12 microdeletion syndrome, which is not rare especially in sporadic cases since 17q12 is a typical hot spot for chromosomal deletion, could have complicated the clinical heterogeneity of MODY5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Omura
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kunimasa Yagi
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hisae Honoki
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Minoru Iwata
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Asako Enkaku
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Akiko Takikawa
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takahide Kuwano
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Watanabe
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Ayumi Nishimura
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Jianhui Liu
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Chujo
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shiho Fujisaka
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Mayumi Enya
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yukio Horikawa
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tobe
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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8
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Takikawa A, Usui I, Fujisaka S, Tsuneyama K, Okabe K, Nakagawa T, Nawaz A, Kado T, Jojima T, Aso Y, Hayakawa Y, Yagi K, Tobe K. Macrophage-specific hypoxia-inducible factor-1α deletion suppresses the development of liver tumors in high-fat diet-fed obese and diabetic mice. J Diabetes Investig 2019; 10:1411-1418. [PMID: 30897274 PMCID: PMC6825928 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Chronic inflammation of the liver is often observed with obesity or type 2 diabetes. In these pathological conditions, the immunological cells, such as macrophages, play important roles in the development or growth of liver cancer. Recently, it was reported that hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a key molecule for the acquisition of inflammatory M1 polarity of macrophages. In the present study, we examined the effects of altered macrophage polarity on obesity- and diabetes-associated liver cancer using macrophage-specific HIF-1α knockout (KO) mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS To induce liver cancer in the mice, diethylnitrosamine, a chemical carcinogen, was used. Both KO mice and wild-type littermates were fed either a high-fat diet (HFD) or normal chow. They were mainly analyzed 6 months after HFD feeding. RESULTS Development of liver cancer after HFD feeding was 45% less in KO mice than in wild-type littermates mice. Phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 was also lower in the liver of KO mice. Those effects of HIF-1α deletion in macrophages were not observed in normal chow-fed mice. Furthermore, the size of liver tumors did not differ between KO and wild-type littermates mice, even those on a HFD. These results suggest that the activation of macrophage HIF-1α by HFD is involved not in the growth, but in the development of liver cancer with the enhanced oncogenic extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 signaling in hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS The activation of macrophage HIF-1α might play important roles in the development of liver cancer associated with diet-induced obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Takikawa
- First Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of ToyamaToyamaJapan
| | - Isao Usui
- First Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of ToyamaToyamaJapan
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismDokkyo Medical UniversityTochigiJapan
| | - Shiho Fujisaka
- First Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of ToyamaToyamaJapan
| | - Koichi Tsuneyama
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineInstitute of Biomedical SciencesTokushima University Graduate SchoolTokushimaJapan
| | - Keisuke Okabe
- First Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of ToyamaToyamaJapan
- Department of Metabolism and NutritionGraduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for ResearchUniversity of ToyamaToyamaJapan
| | - Takashi Nakagawa
- Department of Metabolism and NutritionGraduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for ResearchUniversity of ToyamaToyamaJapan
| | - Allah Nawaz
- First Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of ToyamaToyamaJapan
| | - Tomonobu Kado
- First Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of ToyamaToyamaJapan
| | - Teruo Jojima
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismDokkyo Medical UniversityTochigiJapan
| | - Yoshimasa Aso
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismDokkyo Medical UniversityTochigiJapan
| | - Yoshihiro Hayakawa
- Division of Pathogenic BiochemistryDepartment of BioscienceInstitute of Natural MedicineUniversity of ToyamaToyamaJapan
| | - Kunikimi Yagi
- First Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of ToyamaToyamaJapan
| | - Kazuyuki Tobe
- First Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of ToyamaToyamaJapan
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9
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Kado T, Nawaz A, Takikawa A, Usui I, Tobe K. Linkage of CD8 + T cell exhaustion with high-fat diet-induced tumourigenesis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12284. [PMID: 31439906 PMCID: PMC6706391 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48678-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity increases the risk of cancer. Increased levels of hormones (such as oestrogen, insulin, insulin-like growth factor, and leptin), free fatty acid-induced production of reactive oxygen species, an altered intestinal microbiome and chronic inflammation are known to be associated with an increased cancer risk in obese subjects. However, the mechanism underlying the connection between obesity and cancer development remains elusive. Here, we show that a high-fat diet (HFD) promotes tumour initiation/progression and induces a phenotypic switch from PD-1− CD8+non-exhausted T cells to PD-1+ CD8+exhausted T cells in a murine breast cancer model. While PD-1− CD8+non-exhausted T cells predominated in the mammary glands of normal diet (ND)-fed mice, PD-1+ CD8+exhausted T cells accumulated in the developing tumours of HFD-fed mice. Gene expression profiles indicated that PD-1+ CD8+ T cells expressed higher levels of the tumour-trophic gene Opn and lower levels of the cytotoxic genes Ifng and Gzmb than did PD-1− CD8+ T cells. Our study provides a possible mechanistic linkage between obesity and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonobu Kado
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Allah Nawaz
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Akiko Takikawa
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Isao Usui
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tobe
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
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10
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Nawaz A, Mehmood A, Kanatani Y, Kado T, Igarashi Y, Takikawa A, Yamamoto S, Okabe K, Nakagawa T, Yagi K, Fujisaka S, Tobe K. Publisher Correction: Sirt1 activator induces proangiogenic genes in preadipocytes to rescue insulin resistance in diet-induced obese mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14597. [PMID: 30254249 PMCID: PMC6156562 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32600-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Allah Nawaz
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan. .,Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Arshad Mehmood
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Department of Biosciences, Barrett Hodgson University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Yukiko Kanatani
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Tomonobu Kado
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Igarashi
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Akiko Takikawa
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Seiji Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Keisuke Okabe
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakagawa
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Kunimasa Yagi
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Shiho Fujisaka
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tobe
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
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11
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Nawaz A, Mehmood A, Kanatani Y, Kado T, Igarashi Y, Takikawa A, Yamamoto S, Okabe K, Nakagawa T, Yagi K, Fujisaka S, Tobe K. Sirt1 activator induces proangiogenic genes in preadipocytes to rescue insulin resistance in diet-induced obese mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11370. [PMID: 30054532 PMCID: PMC6063897 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29773-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirt1 plays an important role in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism in obese animal models. Impaired adipose tissue angiogenesis in the obese state decreases adipogenesis and thereby contributes to glucose intolerance and lipid metabolism. However, the mechanism by which Sirt1 activation affects obesity-associated impairments in angiogenesis in the adipose tissue is not fully understood. Here, we show that SRT1720 treatment induces angiogenic genes in cultured 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and ex vivo preadipocytes. siRNA-mediated knockdown of Sirt1 in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes downregulated angiogenic genes in the preadipocytes. SRT1720 treatment upregulated metabolically favorable genes and reduced inflammatory gene expressions in the adipose tissue of diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. Collectively, these findings suggest a novel role of SRT1720-induced Sirt1 activation in the induction of angiogenic genes in preadipocytes, thereby reducing inflammation and fibrosis in white adipose tissue (WAT) and promoting insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allah Nawaz
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Arshad Mehmood
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
- Department of Biosciences, Barrett Hodgson University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Yukiko Kanatani
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Tomonobu Kado
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Igarashi
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Akiko Takikawa
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Seiji Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Keisuke Okabe
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakagawa
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Kunimasa Yagi
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Shiho Fujisaka
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tobe
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
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12
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Nawaz A, Aminuddin A, Kado T, Takikawa A, Yamamoto S, Tsuneyama K, Igarashi Y, Ikutani M, Nishida Y, Nagai Y, Takatsu K, Imura J, Sasahara M, Okazaki Y, Ueki K, Okamura T, Tokuyama K, Ando A, Matsumoto M, Mori H, Nakagawa T, Kobayashi N, Saeki K, Usui I, Fujisaka S, Tobe K. CD206 + M2-like macrophages regulate systemic glucose metabolism by inhibiting proliferation of adipocyte progenitors. Nat Commun 2017; 8:286. [PMID: 28819169 PMCID: PMC5561263 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00231-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue resident macrophages have important roles in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and regulate insulin sensitivity for example by secreting pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokines. Here, we show that M2-like macrophages in adipose tissue regulate systemic glucose homeostasis by inhibiting adipocyte progenitor proliferation via the CD206/TGFβ signaling pathway. We show that adipose tissue CD206+ cells are primarily M2-like macrophages, and ablation of CD206+ M2-like macrophages improves systemic insulin sensitivity, which was associated with an increased number of smaller adipocytes. Mice genetically engineered to have reduced numbers of CD206+ M2-like macrophages show a down-regulation of TGFβ signaling in adipose tissue, together with up-regulated proliferation and differentiation of adipocyte progenitors. Our findings indicate that CD206+ M2-like macrophages in adipose tissues create a microenvironment that inhibits growth and differentiation of adipocyte progenitors and, thereby, control adiposity and systemic insulin sensitivity.Adipose tissue contains macrophages that can influence both local and systemic metabolism via the secretion of cytokines. Here, Nawaz et al. report that M2-like macrophages, present in adipose tissue, create a microenvironment that inhibits proliferation of adipocyte progenitors due to the secretion of TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allah Nawaz
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Aminuddin Aminuddin
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hasanuddin, Makassar, Kota Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Tomonobu Kado
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Akiko Takikawa
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Seiji Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Koichi Tsuneyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Igarashi
- Division of Kampo Diagnostics, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Masashi Ikutani
- Department of Immune Regulation, Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-7-1 Kohnodai, Ichikawa, Chiba, 272-8516, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nishida
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Nagai
- Department of Immunobiology and Pharmacological Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takatsu
- Department of Immunobiology and Pharmacological Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Toyama Prefectural Institute for Pharmaceutical Research, 17-1 Nakataikouyama, Imiz-shi, Toyama, 939-0363, Japan
| | - Johji Imura
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Masakiyo Sasahara
- Department of Pathology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yukiko Okazaki
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kohjiro Ueki
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,Department of Molecular Diabetic Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Tadashi Okamura
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan.,Section of Animal Models, Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Kumpei Tokuyama
- Doctoral Program in Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan
| | - Akira Ando
- Doctoral Program in Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan
| | - Michihiro Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular Metabolic Regulation, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Hisashi Mori
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakagawa
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Norihiko Kobayashi
- Department of Disease Control, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Kumiko Saeki
- Department of Disease Control, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Isao Usui
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Shiho Fujisaka
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Kazuyuki Tobe
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
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Takikawa A, Mahmood A, Nawaz A, Kado T, Okabe K, Yamamoto S, Aminuddin A, Senda S, Tsuneyama K, Ikutani M, Watanabe Y, Igarashi Y, Nagai Y, Takatsu K, Koizumi K, Imura J, Goda N, Sasahara M, Matsumoto M, Saeki K, Nakagawa T, Fujisaka S, Usui I, Tobe K. HIF-1α in Myeloid Cells Promotes Adipose Tissue Remodeling Toward Insulin Resistance. Diabetes 2016; 65:3649-3659. [PMID: 27625023 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue hypoxia is an important feature of pathological adipose tissue expansion. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in adipocytes reportedly induces oxidative stress and fibrosis, rather than neoangiogenesis via vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A. We previously reported that macrophages in crown-like structures (CLSs) are both hypoxic and inflammatory. In the current study, we examined how macrophage HIF-1α is involved in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced inflammation, neovascularization, hypoxia, and insulin resistance using mice with myeloid cell-specific HIF-1α deletion that were fed an HFD. Myeloid cell-specific HIF-1α gene deletion protected against HFD-induced inflammation, CLS formation, poor vasculature development in the adipose tissue, and systemic insulin resistance. Despite a reduced expression of Vegfa in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT), the preadipocytes and endothelial cells of HIF-1α-deficient mice expressed higher levels of angiogenic factors, including Vegfa, Angpt1, Fgf1, and Fgf10 in accordance with preferable eWAT remodeling. Our in vitro study revealed that lipopolysaccharide-treated bone marrow-derived macrophages directly inhibited the expression of angiogenic factors in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Thus, macrophage HIF-1α is involved not only in the formation of CLSs, further enhancing the inflammatory responses, but also in the inhibition of neoangiogenesis in preadipocytes. We concluded that these two pathways contribute to the obesity-related physiology of pathological adipose tissue expansion, thus causing systemic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Takikawa
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Arshad Mahmood
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Allah Nawaz
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tomonobu Kado
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Keisuke Okabe
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Seiji Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | | | - Satoko Senda
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Koichi Tsuneyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masashi Ikutani
- Department of Immunobiology and Pharmacological Genetics, Advanced Biomedicine Genome Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Watanabe
- Department of Immunobiology and Pharmacological Genetics, Advanced Biomedicine Genome Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Igarashi
- Division of Kampo Diagnostics, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Nagai
- Department of Immunobiology and Pharmacological Genetics, Advanced Biomedicine Genome Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takatsu
- Department of Immunobiology and Pharmacological Genetics, Advanced Biomedicine Genome Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Toyama Prefectural Institute for Pharmaceutical Research, Toyama, Japan
| | - Keiichi Koizumi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Johji Imura
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Goda
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Michihiro Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular Metabolic Regulation, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kumiko Saeki
- Department of Disease Control, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakagawa
- Frontier Research Core for Life Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shiho Fujisaka
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Isao Usui
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tobe
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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Takikawa A, Usui I, Fujisaka S, Ikutani M, Senda S, Hattori S, Tsuneyama K, Koshimizu Y, Inoue R, Tanaka-Hayashi A, Nakagawa T, Nagai Y, Takatsu K, Sasaoka T, Mori H, Tobe K. Deletion of SIRT1 in myeloid cells impairs glucose metabolism with enhancing inflammatory response to adipose tissue hypoxia. Diabetol Int 2015; 7:59-68. [PMID: 30603244 DOI: 10.1007/s13340-015-0213-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a pathophysiology of insulin resistance in metabolic diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) play important roles in this inflammatory process. SIRT1 is implicated in the regulation of glucose metabolism in some metabolic tissues, such as liver or skeletal muscle. This study was performed to investigate whether SIRT1 in macrophages played any roles in the regulation of inflammation and glucose metabolism. Myeloid cell-specific SIRT1-knockout mice were originally generated and analyzed under chow-fed and high-fat-fed conditions. Myeloid cell-specific SIRT1 deletion impaired insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance assessed by the glucose- or insulin-tolerance test, which was associated with the enhanced expression of inflammation-related genes in epididymal adipose tissue of high-fat-fed mice. Interestingly, the M1 ATMs from the SIRT1-knockout mice showed more hypoxic and inflammatory phenotypes than those from control mice. The expressions of some inflammatory genes, such as Il1b and Nos2, which were induced by in vitro hypoxia treatment, were further enhanced by SIRT1 deletion along with the increased acetylation of HIF-1α in cultured macrophages. These results suggest that deletion of SIRT1 in myeloid cells impairs glucose metabolism by enhancing the hypoxia and inflammatory responses in ATMs, thereby possibly representing a novel therapeutic target for metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Takikawa
- 1First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194 Japan
| | - Isao Usui
- 1First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194 Japan
| | - Shiho Fujisaka
- 1First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194 Japan
| | - Masashi Ikutani
- 2Department of Immunobiology and Pharmacological Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Satoko Senda
- 1First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194 Japan
| | - Shinpei Hattori
- 3Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Koichi Tsuneyama
- 4Department of Diagnostic Pathology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yukiko Koshimizu
- 1First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194 Japan
| | - Ran Inoue
- 5Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | | | - Takashi Nakagawa
- 6Frontier Research Core for Life Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Nagai
- 2Department of Immunobiology and Pharmacological Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takatsu
- 7Toyama Prefectural Institute for Pharmaceutical Research, Toyama, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Sasaoka
- 3Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hisashi Mori
- 5Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tobe
- 1First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194 Japan
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Yoon MJ, Yoshida M, Johnson S, Takikawa A, Usui I, Tobe K, Nakagawa T, Yoshino J, Imai SI. SIRT1-Mediated eNAMPT Secretion from Adipose Tissue Regulates Hypothalamic NAD+ and Function in Mice. Cell Metab 2015; 21:706-17. [PMID: 25921090 PMCID: PMC4426056 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), the key NAD(+) biosynthetic enzyme, has two different forms, intra- and extracellular (iNAMPT and eNAMPT), in mammals. However, the significance of eNAMPT secretion remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that deacetylation of iNAMPT by the mammalian NAD(+)-dependent deacetylase SIRT1 predisposes the protein to secretion in adipocytes. NAMPT mutants reveal that SIRT1 deacetylates lysine 53 (K53) and enhances eNAMPT activity and secretion. Adipose tissue-specific Nampt knockout and knockin (ANKO and ANKI) mice show reciprocal changes in circulating eNAMPT, affecting hypothalamic NAD(+)/SIRT1 signaling and physical activity accordingly. The defect in physical activity observed in ANKO mice is ameliorated by nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN). Furthermore, administration of a NAMPT-neutralizing antibody decreases hypothalamic NAD(+) production, and treating ex vivo hypothalamic explants with purified eNAMPT enhances NAD(+), SIRT1 activity, and neural activation. Thus, our findings indicate a critical role of adipose tissue as a modulator for the regulation of NAD(+) biosynthesis at a systemic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeong Jin Yoon
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Mitsukuni Yoshida
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sean Johnson
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Akiko Takikawa
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Isao Usui
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tobe
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakagawa
- Frontier Research Core for Life Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Jun Yoshino
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shin-ichiro Imai
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Ishiki M, Nishida Y, Ishibashi H, Wada T, Fujisaka S, Takikawa A, Urakaze M, Sasaoka T, Usui I, Tobe K. Impact of divergent effects of astaxanthin on insulin signaling in L6 cells. Endocrinology 2013; 154:2600-12. [PMID: 23715867 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-2198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Because oxidative stress promotes insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes, it is crucial to find effective antioxidant for the purpose of decreasing this threat. In this study, we explored the effect of astaxanthin, a carotenoid antioxidant, on insulin signaling and investigated whether astaxanthin improves cytokine- and free fatty acid-induced insulin resistance in vitro. We examined the effect of astaxanthin on insulin-stimulated glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation, glucose uptake, and insulin signaling in cultured rat L6 muscle cells using plasma membrane lawn assay, 2-deoxyglucose uptake, and Western blot analysis. Next, we examined the effect of astaxanthin on TNFα- and palmitate-induced insulin resistance. The amount of reactive oxygen species generated by TNFα or palmitate with or without astaxanthin was evaluated by dichlorofluorescein staining. We also compared the effect of astaxanthin on insulin signaling with that of other antioxidants, α-lipoic acid and α-tocopherol. We observed astaxanthin enhanced insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake, which was associated with an increase in insulin receptor substrate-1 tyrosine and Akt phosphorylation and a decrease in c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and insulin receptor substrate-1 serine 307 phosphorylation. Furthermore, astaxanthin restored TNFα- and palmitate-induced decreases in insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation or glucose uptake with a concomitant decrease in reactive oxygen species generation. α-Lipoic acid enhanced Akt phosphorylation and decreased ERK and JNK phosphorylation, whereas α-tocopherol enhanced ERK and JNK phosphorylation but had little effect on Akt phosphorylation. Collectively these findings indicate astaxanthin is a very effective antioxidant for ameliorating insulin resistance by protecting cells from oxidative stress generated by various stimuli including TNFα and palmitate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Ishiki
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
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Fujisaka S, Usui I, Ikutani M, Aminuddin A, Takikawa A, Tsuneyama K, Mahmood A, Goda N, Nagai Y, Takatsu K, Tobe K. Adipose tissue hypoxia induces inflammatory M1 polarity of macrophages in an HIF-1α-dependent and HIF-1α-independent manner in obese mice. Diabetologia 2013; 56:1403-12. [PMID: 23494472 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-2885-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS As obesity progresses, adipose tissue exhibits a hypoxic and inflammatory phenotype characterised by the infiltration of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs). In this study, we examined how adipose tissue hypoxia is involved in the induction of the inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 polarities of ATMs. METHODS The hypoxic characteristics of ATMs were evaluated using flow cytometry after the injection of pimonidazole, a hypoxia probe, in normal-chow-fed or high-fat-fed mice. The expression of hypoxia-related and inflammation-related genes was then examined in M1/M2 ATMs and cultured macrophages. RESULTS Pimonidazole uptake was greater in M1 ATMs than in M2 ATMs. This uptake was paralleled by the levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β. The expression level of hypoxia-related genes, as well as inflammation-related genes, was also higher in M1 ATMs than in M2 ATMs. The expression of Il6, Il1β and Nos2 in cultured macrophages was increased by exposure to hypoxia in vitro but was markedly decreased by the gene deletion of Hif1a. In contrast, the expression of Tnf, another inflammatory cytokine gene, was neither increased by exposure to hypoxia nor affected by Hif1a deficiency. These results suggest that hypoxia induces the inflammatory phenotypes of macrophages via Hif1a-dependent and -independent mechanisms. On the other hand, the expression of inflammatory genes in cultured M2 macrophages treated with IL-4 responded poorly to hypoxia. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Adipose tissue hypoxia induces an inflammatory phenotype via Hif1a-dependent and Hif1a-independent mechanisms in M1 ATMs but not in M2 ATMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fujisaka
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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Takikawa A, Abe K, Yamamoto M, Ishimaru S, Yasui M, Okubo Y, Yokoigawa K. Antimicrobial activity of nutmeg against Escherichia coli O157. J Biosci Bioeng 2005; 94:315-20. [PMID: 16233309 DOI: 10.1263/jbb.94.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2002] [Accepted: 07/14/2002] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We examined the difference between Escherichia coli O157 and non-pathogenic E. coli in their tolerance to spices. Various spices (5 g each) were homogenized at 25 degrees C for 10 min with 5 ml of 70% ethyl alcohol, and the supernatant solutions obtained by centrifugation were used as spice extracts. When the E. coli strains were incubated with each spice extract at concentrations of 0.01% and 0.1%, a noteworthy difference was observed between the O157 and non-pathogenic strains in their tolerance to nutmeg. The populations of the non-pathogenic strains could not be reduced, but those of the O157 strains were remarkably reduced. Antibacterial activity by the nutmeg extract was also found against the enteropathogenic E. coli O111, but not against enterotoxigenic (O6 and O148) and enteroinvasive (O29 and O124) E. coli. When we examined the antibacterial effect of volatile oils in nutmeg on the O157 and non-pathogenic E. coli strains, all O157 strains tested were found to be more sensitive to beta-pinene than non-pathogenic E. coli strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Takikawa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Nara 630-8263, Japan
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Abstract
We examined the acid tolerance and gad mRNA levels of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (three strains) and nonpathogenic E. coli (strains K12, W1485, and B) grown in foods. The E. coli cells (approximately 30,000 cells) were inoculated on the surface of 10 g of solid food samples (asparagus, broccoli, carrot, celery, cucumber, eggplant, ginger, green pepper, onion, potato, radish, tomato and beef) and in 10 ml of cow's milk, cultured statically at 10-25 degrees C for 1-14 days, and subjected to an acid challenge at 37 degrees C for 1 h in LB medium (pH 3.0). When grown at 20 and 25 degrees C in all foods, except for tomato and ginger, the strains showed a stationary-phase specific acid tolerance. The acid tolerance of the O157 strains changed depending on the types of foods (3-10% survival), but was clearly lower than that of the cells grown in EC medium (more than 90% survival). Tomato and ginger induced relatively high acid tolerances (10-30% survival) in the O157 strains irrespective of the growth phase, probably because of their acidity. No remarkable difference was observed in the acid tolerance between the O157 and nonpathogenic strains grown in all foods. When grown at 10 and 15 degrees C in the foods and EC medium, none of the strains showed the stationary-phase specific acid tolerance. In beef, broccoli, celery, potato and radish, the acid tolerance showed a tendency to decrease with the prolonged cultivation time. In other foods, the acid tolerance was almost constant (about 0.1% survival) irrespective of the growth stage. The mRNA level of glutamate decarboxylase genes (gadA and gadB) correlated to the acid tolerance level when the E. coli cells were grown at 25 degrees C, but was very low even in the stationary phase when the E. coli cells were grown at 15 degrees C or below.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumio Yokoigawa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kitauoya-Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
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Takikawa A, Abe K, Yamamoto M, Ishimaru S, Yasui M, Okubo Y, Yokoigawa K. Antimicrobial activity of Nutmeg against Escherichia coli O157. J Biosci Bioeng 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(02)80170-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Yokoigawa K, Takikawa A, Kawai H. Difference between Escherichia coli O157:H7 and non-pathogenic E. coli: Survival and growth in seasonings. J Biosci Bioeng 1999; 88:574-6. [PMID: 16232665 DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(00)87679-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/1999] [Accepted: 07/22/1999] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We examined the survival and growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 cells incubated with several seasonings, in comparison with those of non-pathogenic E. coli. The cells were incubated at 25 degrees C for 24 h with several concentrations of NaCl, sucrose, soy sauce, worcester sauce and tomato ketchup, and their survival ratios were determined. The E. coli O157:H7 strains showed relatively higher survival ratios in 0.5-1.0 M sucrose, 25% soy sauce and 12.5-50% worcester sauce than the non-pathogenic strains, but slightly lower survival ratios in 0.5-2.0 M NaCl. A noteworthy difference between E. coli O157:H7 and the non-pathogenic strains was that incubation in the presence of 12.5% soy sauce allowed the growth of E. coli O157:H7 strains but reduced the viable cell numbers of non-pathogenic E. coli strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yokoigawa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Nara 630-8263, Japan
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