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Zheng Y, Tian X, Wang R, Yao X, Zhang W, Yin Q, Li F, Nie K, Cui Q, Xu S, Fu S, Li H, Cheng J, Wang H. Genetic Characteristics of Wuxiang Virus in Shanxi Province, China. Viruses 2024; 16:103. [PMID: 38257803 PMCID: PMC10818450 DOI: 10.3390/v16010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Wuxiang virus (WUXV) is the first sandfly-borne Phlebovirus isolated from Phlebotomus chinensis collected in China and has been established as a consistent viral presence in the local sandfly populations of both Wuxiang County and Yangquan City. However, its distribution in the Shanxi Province remains unclear. In this study, three novel WUXV strains were isolated from sandflies collected from Jiexiu City, Shanxi Province, China, in 2022. Subsequently, whole-genome sequences of these novel strains were generated using next-generation sequencing. The open reading frame (ORF) sequences of the WUXV strains from the three locations were subjected to gene analysis. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that WUXV belongs to two distinct clades with geographical differences. Strains from Wuxiang County and Yangquan City belonged to clade 1, whereas strains from Jiexiu City belonged to clade 2. Reassortment and recombination analyses indicated no gene reassortment or recombination between the two clades. However, four reassortments or recombination events could be detected in clade 1 strains. By aligning the amino acid sequences, eighty-seven mutation sites were identified between the two clades, with seventeen, sixty, nine, and one site(s) in the proteins RdRp, M, NSs, and N, respectively. Additionally, selection pressure analysis identified 17 positively selected sites across the entire genome of WUXV, with two, thirteen, one, and one site(s) in the proteins RdRp, M, NSs, and N, respectively. Notably, sites M-312 and M-340 in the M segment not only represented mutation sites but also showed positive selective pressure effects. These findings highlight the need for continuous nationwide surveillance of WUXV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuke Zheng
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China;
| | - Xiaodong Tian
- Shanxi Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan 030012, China;
| | - Ruichen Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (R.W.); (X.Y.); (W.Z.); (Q.Y.); (F.L.); (K.N.); (Q.C.); (S.X.); (S.F.)
| | - Xiaohui Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (R.W.); (X.Y.); (W.Z.); (Q.Y.); (F.L.); (K.N.); (Q.C.); (S.X.); (S.F.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Weijia Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (R.W.); (X.Y.); (W.Z.); (Q.Y.); (F.L.); (K.N.); (Q.C.); (S.X.); (S.F.)
| | - Qikai Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (R.W.); (X.Y.); (W.Z.); (Q.Y.); (F.L.); (K.N.); (Q.C.); (S.X.); (S.F.)
| | - Fan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (R.W.); (X.Y.); (W.Z.); (Q.Y.); (F.L.); (K.N.); (Q.C.); (S.X.); (S.F.)
| | - Kai Nie
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (R.W.); (X.Y.); (W.Z.); (Q.Y.); (F.L.); (K.N.); (Q.C.); (S.X.); (S.F.)
| | - Qianqian Cui
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (R.W.); (X.Y.); (W.Z.); (Q.Y.); (F.L.); (K.N.); (Q.C.); (S.X.); (S.F.)
| | - Songtao Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (R.W.); (X.Y.); (W.Z.); (Q.Y.); (F.L.); (K.N.); (Q.C.); (S.X.); (S.F.)
| | - Shihong Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (R.W.); (X.Y.); (W.Z.); (Q.Y.); (F.L.); (K.N.); (Q.C.); (S.X.); (S.F.)
| | - Hao Li
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China;
| | - Jingxia Cheng
- Shanxi Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan 030012, China;
| | - Huanyu Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (R.W.); (X.Y.); (W.Z.); (Q.Y.); (F.L.); (K.N.); (Q.C.); (S.X.); (S.F.)
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Calzolari M, Russo S, Marzani K, Dalmonte G, Ricchi M, Bonilauri P. Development of a Real-Time PCR Assay for the Detection of the Phlebovirus Fermo Virus. Viruses 2023; 15:2082. [PMID: 37896859 PMCID: PMC10612048 DOI: 10.3390/v15102082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fermo virus is a Phlebovirus that is increasingly reported in sand flies from northern Italy. The natural cycle is not fully understood, but the virus has been detected by direct methods only in sand flies. Although there is serological evidence that it can infect vertebrates, the virus has not been directly detected in animals or humans. Here, we have developed and reported a specific real-time PCR for Fermo virus. The availability of the described method will be useful to characterize the epidemiology of the FERV, ensuring, compared to previously available protocols, a more sensitive detection in insects and the possible detection in vertebrates to evaluate the presence of reservoirs and the pathogenic potential of the virus in humans or animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Calzolari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “B. Ubertini”, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (S.R.); (K.M.); (G.D.); (M.R.); (P.B.)
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Xhekaj B, Hoxha I, Platzgummer K, Kniha E, Walochnik J, Sherifi K, Rexhepi A, Behluli B, Dvořák V, Fuehrer HP, Obwaller AG, Poeppl W, Stefanovska J, Cvetkovikj A. First Detection and Molecular Analysis of Leishmania infantum DNA in Sand Flies of Kosovo. Pathogens 2023; 12:1190. [PMID: 37887706 PMCID: PMC10610191 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12101190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) are the principal vectors of phleboviruses and Leishmania spp., the causative agents of leishmaniases. The Mediterranean sand fly fauna is diverse, and leishmaniasis, mainly caused by Leishmania infantum, is endemic in the Balkan countries. Despite recent entomological surveys, only some districts of Kosovo have been sampled for sand flies, with no proof/confirmation of L. infantum. This study aimed to gain further insights into the species composition of natural sand fly populations in previously unsampled districts and areas in Kosovo without reports of leishmaniasis and to detect Leishmania DNA in sand flies. A sand fly survey was conducted in 2022 in all seven districts of Kosovo. Collected females were screened for Leishmania DNA by PCR. Positive samples were sequenced and subjected to maximum likelihood analysis with reference sequences for further molecular characterization. The trapping activities at 114 different localities resulted in 3272 caught specimens, comprising seven sand fly species of two genera, namely Phlebotomus neglectus, Ph. perfiliewi, Ph. tobbi, Ph. papatasi, Ph. simici, Ph. balcanicus and Sergentomyia minuta. Leishmania infantum DNA was detected in three individual sand flies of Ph. neglectus and Ph. perfiliewi. This study provides the most extensive sand fly survey in Kosovo and reports the first record of L. infantum DNA in sand flies, indicating autochthonous circulation of L. infantum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betim Xhekaj
- Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary, University of Prishtina “Hasan Prishtina”, Bulevardi “Bill Clinton”, 10000 Pristina, Kosovo; (B.X.); (K.S.); (A.R.); (B.B.)
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine-Skopje, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Lazar Pop-Trajkov 5-7, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia;
| | - Ina Hoxha
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (I.H.); (K.P.); (E.K.); (J.W.)
| | - Katharina Platzgummer
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (I.H.); (K.P.); (E.K.); (J.W.)
| | - Edwin Kniha
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (I.H.); (K.P.); (E.K.); (J.W.)
| | - Julia Walochnik
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (I.H.); (K.P.); (E.K.); (J.W.)
| | - Kurtesh Sherifi
- Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary, University of Prishtina “Hasan Prishtina”, Bulevardi “Bill Clinton”, 10000 Pristina, Kosovo; (B.X.); (K.S.); (A.R.); (B.B.)
| | - Agim Rexhepi
- Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary, University of Prishtina “Hasan Prishtina”, Bulevardi “Bill Clinton”, 10000 Pristina, Kosovo; (B.X.); (K.S.); (A.R.); (B.B.)
| | - Behlul Behluli
- Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary, University of Prishtina “Hasan Prishtina”, Bulevardi “Bill Clinton”, 10000 Pristina, Kosovo; (B.X.); (K.S.); (A.R.); (B.B.)
| | - Vit Dvořák
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University Prague, Viničná 7, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Hans-Peter Fuehrer
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Adelheid G. Obwaller
- Division of Science, Research and Development, Federal Ministry of Defence, Roßauer Lände 1, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Wolfgang Poeppl
- Department of Dermatology and Tropical Medicine, Military Medical Cluster East, Austrian Armed Forces, Brünner Straße 238, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Jovana Stefanovska
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine-Skopje, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Lazar Pop-Trajkov 5-7, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia;
| | - Aleksandar Cvetkovikj
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine-Skopje, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Lazar Pop-Trajkov 5-7, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia;
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Co-Circulation of Phleboviruses and Leishmania Parasites in Sand Flies from a Single Site in Italy Monitored between 2017 and 2020. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081660. [PMID: 34452524 PMCID: PMC8402820 DOI: 10.3390/v13081660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sand flies transmit Leishmania infantum, which is responsible for causing leishmaniasis, as well as many phleboviruses, including the human pathogenic Toscana virus. We screened sand flies collected from a single site between 2017 and 2020 for the presence of both phleboviruses and Leishmania. The sand flies were sampled with attractive carbon dioxide traps and CDC light traps between May and October. We collected more than 50,000 sand flies; 2826 were identified at the species level as Phlebotomus perfiliewi (98%) or Phlebotomus perniciosus (2%). A total of 16,789 sand flies were tested in 355 pools, and phleboviruses were found in 61 pools (6 Toscana virus positive pools, 2 Corfou virus positive pools, 42 Fermo virus positive pools, and 7 Ponticelli virus positive pools, and 4 unidentified phlebovirus positive pools). Leishmania was found in 75 pools and both microorganisms were detected in 16 pools. We isolated nine phleboviruses from another 2960 sand flies (five Ponticelli viruses and for Fermo viruses), not tested for Leishmania; the complete genome of a Fermo virus isolate was sequenced. The simultaneous detection in space and time of the Fermo virus and L. infantum is evidence that supports the co-circulation of both microorganisms in the same location and partial overlap of their cycles. A detailed characterization of the epidemiology of these microorganisms will support measures to limit their transmission.
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Percivalle E, Cassaniti I, Calzolari M, Lelli D, Baldanti F. Thirteen Years of Phleboviruses Circulation in Lombardy, a Northern Italy Region. Viruses 2021; 13:v13020209. [PMID: 33573092 PMCID: PMC7911539 DOI: 10.3390/v13020209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Phleboviruses transmitted by phlebotomine sandflies are endemic in the Mediterranean basin. Toscana phlebovirus (TOSV), Sicilian phlebovirus (SFSV), and Naples phlebovirus (SFNV) are responsible of summer fever, with well-known pathogenic potential for humans ranging from asymptomatic to mild fever, in addition to neuro-invasive infections during summer. Although TOSV, in particular, is a significant and well-known human pathogen, SFVs remain neglected, with many gaps in the relevant knowledge. Sero-epidemiological studies and case reports recently showed a geographical wider distribution than previously considered, although the real incidence of phleboviruses infections in the Mediterranean area is still unknown. Here we retrospectively evaluated the circulation of phleboviruses during summer seasons between 2007 and 2019 in 649 patients showing neurological symptoms using both molecular and serological approaches. We found that 42/649 (6.5%) subjects experienced phlebovirus infection and only 10/42 cases were detected by molecular assays, whereas the other 32/42 were identified using serological approaches, including neutralization assays. During the 2013 summer, an outbreak in the Lombardy region is described because the prevalence of phlebovirus infection reached 37.2% (19/51 subjects). Interestingly, only 5/19 (26.5%) reported traveling in endemic areas. Of note, no cross-neutralization was observed between different strains tested, showing the possibility to be reinfected by newly discovered phlebovirus strains. In conclusion, phlebovirus infections are still inadequately considered by physicians and are generally underestimated. However, based on our results, sandfly fever viruses should be routinely included in diagnostic panels during summer period, including in Northern Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Percivalle
- Molecular Virology Unit, Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.P.); (I.C.)
| | - Irene Cassaniti
- Molecular Virology Unit, Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.P.); (I.C.)
- Department of Clinical Surgical Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Mattia Calzolari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna B. Ubertini, 25100 Brescia, Italy; (M.C.); (D.L.)
| | - Davide Lelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna B. Ubertini, 25100 Brescia, Italy; (M.C.); (D.L.)
| | - Fausto Baldanti
- Molecular Virology Unit, Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.P.); (I.C.)
- Department of Clinical Surgical Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence: or
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Dvorak V, Kasap OE, Ivovic V, Mikov O, Stefanovska J, Martinkovic F, Omeragic J, Pajovic I, Baymak D, Oguz G, Hlavackova K, Gresova M, Gunay F, Vaselek S, Ayhan N, Lestinova T, Cvetkovikj A, Soldo DK, Katerinova I, Tchakarova S, Yılmaz A, Karaoglu B, Iranzo JR, Kadriaj P, Velo E, Ozbel Y, Petric D, Volf P, Alten B. Sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in eight Balkan countries: historical review and region-wide entomological survey. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:573. [PMID: 33176888 PMCID: PMC7661266 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04448-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) are medically important vectors of human and veterinary disease-causing agents. Among these, the genus Leishmania (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae), and phleboviruses are of utmost importance. Despite such significance, updated information about sand fly fauna is missing for Balkan countries where both sand flies and autochtonous leishmaniases are historically present and recently re-emerging. Therefore, a review of historical data on sand fly species composition and distribution in the region was followed by a large-scale entomological survey in eight Balkan countries to provide a recent update on local sand fly fauna. METHODS The literature search involved the period 1910-2019. The entomological survey was conducted at 1189 sampling stations in eight countries (Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia and Slovenia), covering 49 settlements and 358 sampling sites between June and October in the years 2014 and 2016, accumulating 130 sampling days. We performed a total of 1189 trapping nights at these stations using two types of traps (light and CO2 attraction traps) in each location. Sampling was performed with a minimal duration of 6 (Montenegro) and a maximal of 47 days (Serbia) between 0-1000 m.a.s.l. Collected sand flies were morphologically identified. RESULTS In total, 8490 sand fly specimens were collected. Morphological identification showed presence of 14 species belonging to genera Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia. Historical data were critically reviewed and updated with our recent findings. Six species were identified in Bosnia and Herzegovina (2 new records), 5 in Montenegro (2 new records), 5 in Croatia (2 new records), 9 in Bulgaria (5 new records), 11 in North Macedonia (1 new record), 10 in Serbia (no new records), 9 in Kosovo (3 new records) and 4 in Slovenia (no new records). CONCLUSIONS This study presents results of the first integrated sand fly fauna survey of such scale for the Balkan region, providing first data on sand fly populations for four countries in the study area and presenting new species records for six countries and updated species lists for all surveyed countries. Our findings demonstrate presence of proven and suspected vectors of several Leishmania species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vit Dvorak
- Faculty of Science, Department of Parasitology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ozge Erisoz Kasap
- Department of Biology, Ecology Section, Faculty of Science, VERG Laboratories, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Vladimir Ivovic
- Science and Research Centre, University of Primorska, Koper-Capodistra, Slovenia
| | - Ognyan Mikov
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jovana Stefanovska
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine-Skopje, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Franjo Martinkovic
- Department for Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases with Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasmin Omeragic
- Veterinary Faculty, Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases of Animals, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Igor Pajovic
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Devrim Baymak
- National Institute of Public Health, Pristina, Kosovo
| | - Gizem Oguz
- Department of Biology, Ecology Section, Faculty of Science, VERG Laboratories, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kristyna Hlavackova
- Faculty of Science, Department of Parasitology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Gresova
- Faculty of Science, Department of Parasitology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Filiz Gunay
- Department of Biology, Ecology Section, Faculty of Science, VERG Laboratories, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Slavica Vaselek
- Faculty of Science, Department of Parasitology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory for Medical and Veterinary Entomology, Department of Plant and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nazli Ayhan
- Unite des Virus Emergents (UVE: Aix Marseille Univ IRD 190, INSERM 1207 IHU Mediterranee Infection), 13005 Marseille, France
- EA7310, Laboratoire de Virologie, Université de Corse-Inserm, 20250 Corte, France
| | - Tereza Lestinova
- Faculty of Science, Department of Parasitology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Aleksandar Cvetkovikj
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine-Skopje, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Darinka Klaric Soldo
- Veterinary Faculty, Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases of Animals, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ivelina Katerinova
- National Diagnostic and Research Veterinary Medical Institute, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Simona Tchakarova
- National Diagnostic and Research Veterinary Medical Institute, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ayda Yılmaz
- Department of Biology, Ecology Section, Faculty of Science, VERG Laboratories, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Begum Karaoglu
- Department of Biology, Ecology Section, Faculty of Science, VERG Laboratories, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Jose Risueno Iranzo
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Perparim Kadriaj
- Department of Epidemiology and Control of Infectious Diseases Department, Institute of Public Health, Tirana, Albania
| | - Enkelejda Velo
- Department of Epidemiology and Control of Infectious Diseases Department, Institute of Public Health, Tirana, Albania
| | - Yusuf Ozbel
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Dusan Petric
- Laboratory for Medical and Veterinary Entomology, Department of Plant and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Petr Volf
- Faculty of Science, Department of Parasitology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bulent Alten
- Department of Biology, Ecology Section, Faculty of Science, VERG Laboratories, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Erisoz Kasap O, Linton YM, Karakus M, Ozbel Y, Alten B. Revision of the species composition and distribution of Turkish sand flies using DNA barcodes. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:410. [PMID: 31439012 PMCID: PMC6704649 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3669-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, knowledge regarding the phlebotomine sand fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) fauna of Turkey is restricted to regions with endemic leishmaniasis. However, rapidly changing environmental and social conditions highlight concerns on the possible future expansion of sand fly-borne diseases in Turkey, promoting risk assessment through biosurveillance activities in non-endemic regions. Traditional morphological approaches are complicated by extensive cryptic speciation in sand flies, thus integrated studies utilizing DNA markers are becoming increasingly important for correct sand fly identification. This study contributes to the knowledge of the sand fly fauna in understudied regions of Turkey, and provides an extensive DNA barcode reference library of expertly identified Turkish sand fly species for the first time. Methods Fly sampling was conducted at 101 locations from 29 provinces, covering all three biogeographical regions of Turkey. Specimens were morphologically identified using available keys. Cytochrome c oxidase I (cox1) barcode sequences were analyzed both for morphologically distinct species and those specimens with cryptic identity. A taxon identity tree was obtained using Neighbor Joining (NJ) analysis. Species boundaries among closely related taxa evaluated using ABGD, Maximum Likelihood (ML) and haplotype network analyses. Sand fly richness of all three biogeographical regions were compared using nonparametric species richness estimators. Results A total of 729 barcode sequences (including representatives of all previously reported subgenera) were obtained from a total of 9642 sand fly specimens collected in Turkey. Specimens belonging to the same species or species complex clustered together in the NJ tree, regardless of their geographical origin. The species delimitation methods revealed the existence of 33 MOTUs, increasing the previously reported 28 recorded sand fly species by 17.8%. The richest sand fly diversity was determined in Anatolia, followed by the Mediterranean, and then the Black Sea regions of the country. Conclusions A comprehensive cox1 reference library is provided for the sand fly species of Turkey, including the proposed novel taxa discovered herein. Our results have epidemiological significance exposing extensive distributions of proven and suspected sand fly vectors in Turkey, including those areas currently regarded as non-endemic for sand fly-borne disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-019-3669-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Erisoz Kasap
- Department of Biology, Ecology Section, Faculty of Science, VERG Laboratories, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Yvonne-Marie Linton
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Smithsonian Institution Museum Support Center, MRC-534, Suitland, MD, 20746-2863, USA.,Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, USA
| | - Mehmet Karakus
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Ozbel
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Bulent Alten
- Department of Biology, Ecology Section, Faculty of Science, VERG Laboratories, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Christova I, Panayotova E, Trifonova I, Taseva E, Gladnishka T, Ivanova V. Serologic evidence of widespread Toscana virus infection in Bulgaria. J Infect Public Health 2019; 13:164-166. [PMID: 31401037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toscana virus (TOSV) is an emerging sandfly-borne virus that is endemic in Mediterranean countries. METHODS In order to detect TOSV circulation among the human population of Bulgaria, serum samples from 459 apparently healthy adult individuals, residing in19 out of 28 districts in the country, were tested for the presence of IgG antibodies to TOSV. RESULTS An overall seroprevalence rate of 24.4% was observed, ranging from 4.4% to 53.5% in the districts. Rates were highest in persons over 60 years of age and residing in the southern districts. CONCLUSION The results of the first TOSV seroprevalence study in Bulgaria revealed that infection is widespread. Physicians should be aware of the virus circulation during summer and consider the diagnosis in cases of febrile illness, meningitis or meningoencephalitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Christova
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Elitsa Panayotova
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Iva Trifonova
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Evgenia Taseva
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Ayhan N, Alten B, Ivovic V, Martinkovic F, Kasap OE, Ozbel Y, de Lamballerie X, Charrel RN. Cocirculation of Two Lineages of Toscana Virus in Croatia. Front Public Health 2017; 5:336. [PMID: 29312917 PMCID: PMC5732939 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nazli Ayhan
- UMR Emergence des Pathologies Virales (EPV), Aix-Marseille Université, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, École des Hautes Etudes en Santé Publique (EHESP), Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Bulent Alten
- VERG Labs, Ecology Division, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Vladimir Ivovic
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies (FAMNIT), University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Franjo Martinkovic
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases with Clinics, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ozge E Kasap
- VERG Labs, Ecology Division, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Ozbel
- Medical Faculty, Department of Parasitology, Ege University, Bornova, Turkey
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- UMR Emergence des Pathologies Virales (EPV), Aix-Marseille Université, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, École des Hautes Etudes en Santé Publique (EHESP), Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Remi N Charrel
- UMR Emergence des Pathologies Virales (EPV), Aix-Marseille Université, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, École des Hautes Etudes en Santé Publique (EHESP), Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
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