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Hamdy DA, Ismail MAM, El-Askary HM, Abdel-Tawab H, Ahmed MM, Fouad FM, Mohamed F. Newly fabricated zinc oxide nanoparticles loaded materials for therapeutic nano delivery in experimental cryptosporidiosis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19650. [PMID: 37949873 PMCID: PMC10638360 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46260-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptosporidiosis is a global health problem that threatens the lives of immunocompromised patients. This study targets to fabricate and investigate the efficiency of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs), nitazoxanide (NTZ)-loaded ZnO-NPs, and Allium sativum (A. sativum)-loaded ZnO-NPs in treating cryptosporidiosis. Further FTIR, SEM, XRD, and zeta analysis were used for the characterization of ZnO-NPs and loaded materials. The morphology of loaded materials for ZnO-NPs changed into wrapped layers and well-distributed homogenous particles, which had a direct effect on the oocyst wall. The charge surface of all particles had a negative sign, which indicated well distribution into the parasite matrix. For anti-cryptosporidiosis efficiency, thirty immunosuppressed Cryptosporidium parvum-infected mice, classified into six groups, were sacrificed on the 21st day after infection with an evaluation of parasitological, histopathological, and oxidative markers. It was detected that the highest reduction percent of Cryptosporidium oocyst shedding was (81.5%) in NTZ, followed by (71.1%) in A. sativum-loaded ZnO-NPs-treated groups. Also, treatment with A. sativum and NTZ-loaded ZnO-NPs revealed remarkable amelioration of the intestinal, hepatic, and pulmonary histopathological lesions. Furthermore, they significantly produced an increase in GSH values and improved the changes in NO and MDA levels. In conclusion, this study is the first to report ZnO-NPs as an effective therapy for treating cryptosporidiosis, especially when combined with other treatments that enhance their antioxidant activity. It provides an economical and environment-friendly approach to novel delivery synthesis for antiparasitic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa A Hamdy
- Department of Medical Parasitology, College of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mousa A M Ismail
- Department of Medical Parasitology, College of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hala M El-Askary
- Department of Medical Parasitology, College of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Heba Abdel-Tawab
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Fatma M Fouad
- Department of Medical Parasitology, College of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Fatma Mohamed
- Nanophotonics and Applications (NPA) Lab, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt.
- Materials Science Lab, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt.
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Abd El Wahab WM, Shaapan RM, El-Naggar EMB, Ahmed MM, Owis AI, Ali MI. Anti-Cryptosporidium efficacy of Citrus sinensis peel extract: Histopathological and ultrastructural experimental study. Exp Parasitol 2022; 243:108412. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lin X, Xin L, Qi M, Hou M, Liao S, Qi N, Li J, Lv M, Cai H, Hu J, Zhang J, Ji X, Sun M. Dominance of the zoonotic pathogen Cryptosporidium meleagridis in broiler chickens in Guangdong, China, reveals evidence of cross-transmission. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:188. [PMID: 35668467 PMCID: PMC9169408 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05267-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cryptosporidium is one of the most prevalent parasites infecting both birds and mammals. To examine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium species and evaluate the public health significance of domestic chickens in Guangdong Province, southern China, we analyzed 1001 fecal samples from 43 intensive broiler chicken farms across six distinct geographical regions. Methods Individual DNA samples were subjected to nested PCR-based amplification and sequencing of the small subunit of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (SSU rRNA). Analysis of the 60 kDa glycoprotein gene (gp60) was performed to characterize the subtypes of C. meleagridis. Results The overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium was 13.2% (95% CI 11.1–15.3) (24 of 43 farms), with C. meleagridis (7.8%), C. baileyi (4.8%) and mixed infections (0.6%). Using the gp60 gene, three subtype families, IIIb, IIIe and IIIg, were identified, including six subtypes: one novel (IIIgA25G3R1a) and five previously reported (IIIbA23G1R1c, IIIbA24G1R1, IIIbA21G1R1a, IIIeA17G2R1 and IIIeA26G2R1). Within these subtypes, five known subtypes were genetically identical to those identified in humans. Conclusions This is the first report of C. meleagridis in chickens from Guangdong. The frequent occurrence of C. meleagridis in domestic chickens and the common C. meleagridis subtypes identified in both humans and chickens is of public health significance. Our study indicates that broiler chickens represent a potential zoonotic risk for the transmission of Cryptosporidium in this region. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-022-05267-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Lin
- Zhaoqing/Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Luyao Xin
- Zhaoqing/Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, 843300, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Qi
- College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, 843300, People's Republic of China
| | - Minyu Hou
- College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, 843300, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenquan Liao
- Zhaoqing/Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Nanshan Qi
- Zhaoqing/Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Li
- Zhaoqing/Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Minna Lv
- Zhaoqing/Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiming Cai
- Zhaoqing/Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjing Hu
- Zhaoqing/Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfei Zhang
- Zhaoqing/Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangbo Ji
- Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Unconventional Feed Resources, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mingfei Sun
- Zhaoqing/Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Esmat M, Abdel-Aal AA, Shalaby MA, Badawi M, Elaskary H, Yousif AB, Fahmy MEA. Efficacy of clofazimine and nitazoxanide combination in treating intestinal cryptosporidiosis and enhancing intestinal cellular regeneration in immunocompromised mice. Food Waterborne Parasitol 2022; 27:e00161. [PMID: 35601881 PMCID: PMC9118138 DOI: 10.1016/j.fawpar.2022.e00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptosporidium is a widely distributed food and water-borne enteric protozoan that affects a wide range of vertebrates, resulting in life-threatening consequences, particularly in immunocompromised hosts. The lack of effective anti-cryptosporidial drugs may be related to the parasite's unique intestinal location, plus the lack of studies on the process by which the protozoan is able to impair intestinal cellular function. The present work aimed to assess the effect of clofazimine (CFZ), an FDA-approved drug for the treatment of leprosy, as an anti-cryptosporidial drug, using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and an immunocompromised mouse model. The affected intestinal mucosa with parasitic stages in the infected non-treated group showed signs of severe cellular degeneration, including the loss of tight junctions, deformed and damaged microvilli and irregularly distributed nuclei with a severely vacuolated cytoplasm. Comparatively, nitazoxanide (NTZ) monotherapy showed the lowest efficacy as the drug was associated with the lowest rate of oocyst shedding. In addition, NTZ treatment failed to achieve the return of complete cellular function; abnormalities were evident in the microvilli, cytoplasmic organelles and nuclear features. Clofazimine demonstrated an improvement of the mucosal cellular components, including mitochondria and significantly reduced oocyst shedding. Combined treatment with low-dose CFZ and half-dose NTZ resulted in a significant improvement in the enterocyte cellular structures with an absence of intracellular parasitic stages. These results indicate that CFZ, a safe and readily prescribed drug, effectively reduces cryptosporidiosis when used in combination with only half the dose of NTZ. Used in combination, these drugs were shown to be efficient in regaining intestinal cellular activity following Cryptosporidium-induced functional damage in an immunocompromised mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Esmat
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th October city, Egypt
| | - Amany A. Abdel-Aal
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
- Department of Postgraduate Studies & Scientific Research, Armed Forces College of Medicine (AFCM), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maisa A. Shalaby
- Medical Parasitology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI), Giza, Egypt
| | - Manal Badawi
- Department of Pathology, National Research center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hala Elaskary
- Depatment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Badawi Yousif
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Faiyum, Egypt
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Anticryptosporidium Efficacy of Olea europaea and Ficus carica Leaves Extract in Immunocompromised Mice Associated with Biochemical Characters and Antioxidative System. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092419. [PMID: 34572068 PMCID: PMC8471006 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptosporidiosis is caused by an opportunistic protozoan parasite (Cryptosporidium parvum and C. hominis) known as a parasite of humans, especially children and immunocompromised patients. The current study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of a mixture of fig and olive leaf extracts as an alternative medicinal plant. Parasitological examination for oocysts in the stool and histopathological alterations in the small intestines were examined. Additionally, biochemical analyses of liver and kidney functions in addition to antioxidant parameters such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH) and catalase (CAT) in the plasma were evaluated. Our results showed that marked reduction in oocysts shedding and amelioration in intestinal histopathological changes and hepatic or renal functions were detected in all treated groups compared to the control infected group. Additionally, the treated groups with tested extracts at ratios 1:3 and 1:5 showed a significant decrease in the number of oocysts compared to the other treated groups. Results exhibited a significant increase in the plasma SOD, CAT and GSH levels in treated groups compared to the infected control one. This study suggested that a mixture of fig and olive leaf extracts is a convenient promising therapeutic agent for Cryptosporidiosis.
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Wang L, Cao L, Zheng S, Chang Y, Zhang K, Zhang S, Zhang L. Molecular identification and biological characterization of Cryptosporidium muris from camels (Camelus bactrianus) in China. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:365. [PMID: 34266490 PMCID: PMC8281508 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04862-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryptosporidium is an opportunistic pathogen that infects a wide variety of vertebrates. The aim of the present study was to characterize Cryptosporidium spp. isolates from Bactrian camels and to foster further understanding of the biological characteristics of the pathogen. METHODS Fecal specimens were collected from two 4-year-old Bactrian camels resident at the Kaifeng City Zoo in China and examined for Cryptosporidium. Fecal specimens were screened using the floatation method, and then genomic DNA was extracted from the oocysts and identified by nested-PCR amplification of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene, the actin gene and the Cryptosporidium oocyst wall-protein (COWP) gene. Subtype analysis was performed based on four minisatellite (MS) loci (MS1, MS2, MS3 and MS16) that were aligned and phylogenetically analyzed to determine the species and subtype of Cryptosporidium. We then established a BALB/c mice infection model and further verified the results through clinical status, pattern of oocyst excretion and histological examination. RESULTS Cryptosporidium oocyst isolates from the two Bactrian camels had an average (± standard deviation) size of 7.49 ± 0.13 × 5.70 ± 0.10 μm (n = 50). The sequencing and phylogenetic analysis confirmed the species as C. muris. Multilocus sequence typing analysis indicated that the subtypes were M13, M4, M1 and M5. Following the inoculation of BALB/c mice, we found that the prepatent period and number of oocysts per gram increased with increasing infective dose. Oocysts were first detected in the feces of BALB/c mice at 7-8 days post-infection (dpi), with levels peaking twice thereafter, at 15-16 dpi and 19-20 dpi. Histology and scanning electron microscopy studies showed that the stomach contained gastric pits filled with Cryptosporidium that adhered to the surface of gastric mucosa gland epithelial cells, causing the latter to deform, swell and become disordered. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study indicated that oocysts isolated from Bactrian camels were from C. muris. This is the first report of C. muris isolated from camels in China. More epidemiological data are needed to understand the prevalence and transmission of C. muris in camels in different geographic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Letian Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangjian Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yankai Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaihui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Sumei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China. .,International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Longxian Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China. .,International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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The Efficacy of Citrus maxima Peels Aqueous Extract Against Cryptosporidiosis in Immunecompromised Mice. Acta Parasitol 2021; 66:638-653. [PMID: 33471284 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-020-00315-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cryptosporidiosis is an opportunistic globally distributed parasitic disease caused by protozoan Cryptosporidium where its development is closely related to the host's immune status. New therapeutic agents are a high priority as chemotherapeutics are impractical and vaccines are unavailable for young as well as immune-compromised patients or animals. The current study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of the internal white (albedo) and external yellow (flavedo) peels of Citrus maxima (C. maxima) as an alternative medicinal plant. MATERIALS AND METHODS : Parasitological examination for oocysts in the stool was determined. Histopathological alterations and immunohistochemical expression of APC and cyclin D1 as well as an assessment of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) in ileal tissues was carried out. In addition, the biochemical examination of serum albumin, globulin and liver enzymes were evaluated. Results revealed a significant decrease of oocysts count correlated with an amelioration of histopathological and immunohistochemical changes in ileal tissue with an enhancement of liver enzymes and inflammatory cytokines levels. CONCLUSION It could be concluded that treatment with C. maxima peel extracts have a potential therapeutic and an immunoregulatory efficacy against Cryptosporidiosis. Obtained results showed that the white peel was found to have more immunological effect that could significantly enhance inflammatory cytokines response towards normal status. Hence, it can be used in the daily animal diet to give protective effects against infection.
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Yu F, Zhang K, Wang Y, Li D, Cui Z, Huang J, Zhang S, Li X, Zhang L. CRISPR/Cas12a-based on-site diagnostics of Cryptosporidium parvum IId-subtype-family from human and cattle fecal samples. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:208. [PMID: 33879230 PMCID: PMC8056104 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04709-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cryptosporidium parvum is an enteric protozoan parasite with zoonotic importance and can cause cryptosporidiosis in humans as well as domestic and wild animals worldwide. The IId subtype family (SF) is one of the most prevalent subtypes of C. parvum. Some clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) protein systems have been developed to detect nucleic acid with high flexibility, sensitivity and specificity. Methods By integrating recombinase polymerase amplification and the Cas12a/crRNA trans-cleavage system (termed ReCTC), we established end-point diagnostics by observing fluorescence readouts with the naked eye under blue light and on-site diagnostics using a lateral flow strip (LFS) biosensor. Results Our ReCTC-based diagnoses can detect as little as a single copy of a cloned C. parvum 60-kDa glycoprotein (GP60) gene, 10 oocysts per gram (OPG), clinical fecal sample without tedious extraction of genomic DNA and have no cross-reactivity with other SFs of C. parvum or other common enteric parasitic protozoa. Conclusions This study provided a new strategy for direct identification of the IId SF of C. parvum free of highly trained operators and expensive special equipment. Graphic Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-021-04709-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuchang Yu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Longzihu Campus of Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengzhou New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, People's Republic of China.,International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology of China, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaihui Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Longzihu Campus of Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengzhou New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, People's Republic of China.,International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology of China, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Longzihu Campus of Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengzhou New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, People's Republic of China.,International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology of China, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongfang Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Longzihu Campus of Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengzhou New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, People's Republic of China.,International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology of China, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohui Cui
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Longzihu Campus of Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengzhou New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, People's Republic of China.,International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology of China, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianying Huang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Longzihu Campus of Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengzhou New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, People's Republic of China.,International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology of China, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Sumei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Longzihu Campus of Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengzhou New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, People's Republic of China.,International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology of China, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Longzihu Campus of Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengzhou New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, People's Republic of China.,International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology of China, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Longxian Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Longzihu Campus of Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengzhou New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, People's Republic of China. .,International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology of China, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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Jian Y, Zhang X, Li X, Schou C, Charalambidou I, Ma L, Karanis P. Occurrence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in wild birds from Qinghai Lake on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:615-628. [PMID: 33415392 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06993-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cryptosporidium and Giardia are important intestinal zoonotic pathogens that can infect various hosts and cause diarrhoeal diseases. There are few reports of the epidemiological prevalence and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in wild birds around Qinghai Lake and in the surrounding areas on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Northwest China. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis genotypes and their epidemiological prevalence in wild birds by PCR amplification. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a variety of Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis infections in wild birds from that area, with overall prevalence rates of 8.98% (61/679) and 3.39% (23/679), respectively. Furthermore, PCR sequencing confirmed the presence of Cryptosporidium baileyi (n = 3), Cryptosporidium parvum (n = 58), and G. duodenalis assemblage B (n = 19) and E (n = 4) in wild birds from the areas around Qinghai Lake. The results of the present study demonstrated the wide distribution of Cryptosporidium and Giardia among wild birds, which has potential public health significance. Moreover, the study findings also provided useful molecular epidemiological data for monitoring and investigating the two parasitic protozoa in wild animals and surrounding environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingna Jian
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture Qinghai University, Center for Biomedicine and Infectious Diseases, Xining, 810016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyong Zhang
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture Qinghai University, Center for Biomedicine and Infectious Diseases, Xining, 810016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuping Li
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture Qinghai University, Center for Biomedicine and Infectious Diseases, Xining, 810016, People's Republic of China
| | - Chad Schou
- Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Iris Charalambidou
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nicosia, 2417, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Liqing Ma
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture Qinghai University, Center for Biomedicine and Infectious Diseases, Xining, 810016, People's Republic of China
| | - Panagiotis Karanis
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture Qinghai University, Center for Biomedicine and Infectious Diseases, Xining, 810016, People's Republic of China. .,Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. .,Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, Anatomy Centre, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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Koehler AV, Scheelings TF, Gasser RB. Cryptosporidium cf. avium in an inland-bearded dragon ( Pogona vitticeps) - A case report and review of the literature. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-PARASITES AND WILDLIFE 2020; 13:150-159. [PMID: 33088709 PMCID: PMC7560628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report the first case of Cryptosporidium cf. avium from an inland bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps) from a wildlife sanctuary in Victoria, Australia. Molecular characterisation was conducted by PCR-coupled sequencing of regions in the small subunit of nuclear RNA (SSU), actin and large subunit of nuclear RNA (LSU) genes. The sequences obtained grouped with those of C. ornithophilus and other C. avium genotypes/variants originating from reptiles or birds. We discuss this case in relation to the current state of knowledge of C. avium of birds and reptiles, considering provenance and environment (agricultural, pet industry, wildlife, zoo or wildlife park) as well as clinical context, and pathological changes associated with cryptosporidiosis in these host animals. Characterisation of Cryptosporidium cf. avium from an inland bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps). Molecular differentiation of C. cf. avium from other members of the C. avium clade. Pathogenicity of C. cf. avium seems higher than other members of this clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anson V Koehler
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences,The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010,Australia
| | - T Franciscus Scheelings
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences,The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010,Australia.,Australian Wildlife Health Centre, Healesville Sanctuary, Zoos Victoria, Healesville, Victoria 3777,Australia
| | - Robin B Gasser
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences,The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010,Australia
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Lewis M, Bartley P, Katzer F, Morrison L, Philbey A, Eatwell K, Walker D. Conjunctival Cryptosporidium avium infection in a captive inland bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps). J Exot Pet Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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First Detection of Cryptosporidium spp. in Migratory Whooper Swans ( Cygnus cygnus) in China. Microorganisms 2019; 8:microorganisms8010006. [PMID: 31861389 PMCID: PMC7023085 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptosporidium is an important protozoan parasite that can cause gastrointestinal diseases in humans and that also causes respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases in birds. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of Cryptosporidium species in migratory whooper swans in China. Fecal samples (n = 467) from whooper swans were collected from Sanmenxia Swan Lake National Urban Wetland Park, China. The samples were analyzed for Cryptosporidium species and genotypes with PCR along a sequence analysis of the small subunit rRNA. Cryptosporidium was detected in eight of the 467 (1.7%) samples. The analysis of the small subunit rRNA sequence data revealed two zoonotic species (Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium andersoni) and one genotype (Cryptosporidium goose genotype II). These are the first data on the positive rate of Cryptosporidium spp. in whooper swans in China, and they suggest that whooper swans can harbor the zoonotic species C. parvum and C. andersoni in China.
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Liu X, Zhu H, Meng W, Dong H, Han Q, An Z, Qi M, Ge Y, Wang R. Occurrence of a Cryptosporidium xiaoi-like genotype in peafowl (Pavo cristatus) in China. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:3555-3559. [PMID: 31722067 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06517-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to survey the Cryptosporidium species in peafowls (Pavo cristatus) in Henan Province, China. A total of 143 fecal specimens collected from a breeding farm were tested for Cryptosporidium by nested PCR targeting the small subunit rRNA (SSU rRNA), 70-kDa heat shock protein (HSP70), and actin genes of Cryptosporidium followed by sequence analysis. Only one isolate from an asymptomatic host was obtained, and the isolate differed from a new C. xiaoi-like genotype by one nucleotide and from C. xiaoi or C. bovis at the SSU rRNA locus by six nucleotides. Likewise, the actin gene shared 99% identity with the C. xiaoi-like genotype, accompanied by four nucleotide mutations. A complete sequence of the HSP70 gene was obtained, and exhibited 96% similarity with that from C. xiaoi and differed by one nucleotide from that with the C. xiaoi-like genotype. Phylogenetic analysis of the current isolate revealed genetic relatedness to the C. xiaoi-like genotype and distinction from C. xiaoi and C. bovis. Therefore, our results provided the first documentation of avian infection with a C. xiaoi-like genotype in China and further insight into the diversity of Cryptosporidium spp. in avians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Henan province, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Huili Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Henan province, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Wanyu Meng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Henan province, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Haiju Dong
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Qinggong Han
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Henan province, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Zhixing An
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Henan province, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Meng Qi
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yaming Ge
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Henan province, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Rongjun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
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