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Sauer FG, Pfitzner WP, Jöst H, Rauhöft L, Kliemke K, Lange U, Heitmann A, Jansen S, Lühken R. Using geometric wing morphometrics to distinguish Aedes japonicus japonicus and Aedes koreicus. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:418. [PMID: 37968721 PMCID: PMC10648383 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-06038-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aedes japonicus japonicus (Theobald, 1901) and Aedes koreicus (Edwards, 1917) have rapidly spread in Europe over the last decades. Both species are very closely related and occur in sympatry. Females and males are difficult to distinguish. However, the accurate species discrimination is important as both species may differ in their vectorial capacity and spreading behaviour. In this study, we assessed the potential of geometric wing morphometrics as alternative to distinguish the two species. METHODS A total of 147 Ae. j. japonicus specimens (77 females and 70 males) and 124 Ae. koreicus specimens (67 females and 57 males) were collected in southwest Germany. The left wing of each specimen was removed, mounted and photographed. The coordinates of 18 landmarks on the vein crosses were digitalised by a single observer. The resulting two-dimensional dataset was used to analyse the differences in the wing size (i.e. centroid size) and wing shape between Ae. j. japonicus and Ae. koreicus using geometric morphometrics. To analyse the reproducibility of the analysis, the landmark collection was repeated for 20 specimens per sex and species by two additional observers. RESULTS The wing size in female Ae. koreicus was significantly greater than in Ae. j. japonicus but did not differ significantly for males. However, the strong overlap in wing size also for the females would not allow to discriminate the two species. In contrast, the wing shape clustering was species specific and a leave-one-out validation resulted in a reclassification accuracy of 96.5% for the females and 91.3% for the males. The data collected by different observers resulted in a similar accuracy, indicating a low observer bias for the landmark collection. CONCLUSIONS Geometric wing morphometrics provide a reliable and robust tool to distinguish female and male specimens of Ae. j. japonicus and Ae. koreicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix G Sauer
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Wolf Peter Pfitzner
- Kommunale Aktionsgemeinschaft Zur Bekämpfung Der Schnakenplage e. V. (KABS), Georg-Peter-Süß-Str. 3, 67346, Speyer, Germany
| | - Hanna Jöst
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leif Rauhöft
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Unchana Lange
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Heitmann
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Jansen
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Renke Lühken
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
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Zajkowska P, Postawa T, Mąkol J. Let me know your name: a study of chigger mites (Acariformes: Trombiculidae) associated with the edible dormouse (Glis glis) in the Carpathian-Balkan distribution gradient. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2023; 91:1-27. [PMID: 37553534 PMCID: PMC10462554 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-023-00824-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Trombiculid mites were collected from the edible dormouse (Glis glis) within the Carpathian-Balkan distribution gradient of host species. Representatives of five genera (Leptotrombidium, Neotrombicula, Brunehaldia, Hirsutiella, Schoutedenichia) and 10 species of chiggers were discovered in the material, based on morphological and/or molecular data. Brunehaldia, new to the fauna of Greece, was recorded for the first time from the edible dormouse. Neotrombicula talmiensis was new to the fauna of Greece and Neotrombicula vulgaris was new to the fauna of North Macedonia. Successful amplification and sequencing of COI was carried out in relation to three genera and six species. The intraspecific variation of taxa hitherto distinguished based on morphological criteria was juxtaposed with molecular data, using the distance method and the phylogenetic approach. The molecular methods indicated wider than hitherto recognized, intraspecific morphological variation for Leptotrombidium europaeum and N. talmiensis. On the other hand, an inference limited to morphology proved to be insufficient for species delineation, which was confirmed by the relatively low identity (%) of examined COI sequences as well as the size of inter-/intraspecific K2P distance threshold. Our study provides support for integrative taxonomy that combines different sources of evidence and contributes to recognition of the scope of intraspecific variation. The high degree of hidden diversity revealed with the application of molecular tools, votes for a careful approach to the identification of chiggers. The confirmed cases of co-invasion, including the representatives of various genera (Leptotrombidium and Neotrombicula, Brunehaldia and Neotrombicula, Neotrombicula and Schoutedenichia, Hirsutiella and Schoutedenichia) additionally support the need to include all larvae found on a given host specimen in the identification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Zajkowska
- Department of Invertebrate Systematics and Ecology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska Str. 5b, 51-631, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Postawa
- Landscape Ecology Team, Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska Str. 17, 31-016, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Mąkol
- Department of Invertebrate Systematics and Ecology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska Str. 5b, 51-631, Wrocław, Poland
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Pešić V, Jovanović M, Espiridião Oliveira A, Pedro A, Freira M, Morais MM. New records of water mites (Acari, Hydrachnidia) from Portugal revealed by DNA barcoding, with the description of Atractides marizae sp. nov. Zookeys 2023; 1151:205-222. [DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1151.100766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study presents the first results of DNA barcoding of water mites from Portugal. DNA barcodes were recovered from 19 water mite specimens morphologically assigned to eight species, seven of them newly reported from Portugal. Two species, Torrenticola hispanica (Lundblad, 1941) and A. cultellatus (K. Viets, 1930) were discovered more than 80 years after they were first described, and Atractides marizaesp. nov. is described as new for science.
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López-Peña D, Gerecke R, García-Roger EM, Martin P, Jiménez-Peydró R. Parasite-host relationships of water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia) and black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in southeastern Spain. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:474. [PMID: 36528694 PMCID: PMC9758841 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05610-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Documentation on water mites in Spain is scarce, as is information on the parasite-host relationship between certain water mite species and representatives of the dipteran family Simuliidae. The discomfort caused to humans and animals by black flies seems to be increasing in recent years. In this context, an investigation of parasitic water mites is of great importance, not only from the point of view of biodiversity, but also in terms of their potential to control black fly populations. METHODS Rivers across a wide region of eastern Spain were sampled to determine the specific richness of simuliid dipterans and to investigate their possible parasites, such as water mites, mermithid nematodes and microsporidia (fungal microbes). Data on environmental variables, abundance, prevalence and intensity of parasitism on the collected specimens were analyzed. RESULTS In 10 streams, 15,396 simuliid pupae were collected and checked for the presence of water mite larvae; 426 pupae in seven streams were found to be associated with water mite larvae. Of the 21 simuliid species identified based on morphological characters, eight were found to be associated with water mite larvae. Water mite infection was not equally distributed among black fly species. Also, the prevalence of parasitism was low and differed among simuliid species, ranging from one to 13 water mites per black fly pupa. Variation at the intra- and interspecific levels was detected in terms of the number of water mites inside the black fly cocoons. Free-living deutonymphal and adult water mites representing 15 different species of six genera and five families were morphologically identified. The taxonomic identity of the parasitic mite larvae is unclear at present. Morphologically, they fit descriptions of larval Sperchon (Hispidosperchon) algeriensis Lundblad, 1942, but the possibility cannot be excluded that they represent Sperchon algeriensis, the most abundant species at the adult stage in this study and unknown at the larval stage, or even another species of the genus. A molecular analysis produced for the first time cytochrome oxidase I gene sequences for S. algeriensis. CONCLUSIONS Our results contribute to current knowledge on Spanish Hydrachnidia and their relationships with simuliids as hosts. However, further research is needed to evaluate the diversity, distribution, bioecology and prevalence of this parasitism.
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Affiliation(s)
- David López-Peña
- grid.5338.d0000 0001 2173 938XEntomology and Pest Control Laboratory, Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat I Biologia Evolutiva (ICBiBE), Universitat de València (Estudi General), C/ Catedrático José Beltrán Martínez, 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - Reinhard Gerecke
- grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Evolution and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eduardo Moisés García-Roger
- grid.5338.d0000 0001 2173 938XEvolutionary Ecology Laboratory, Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat I Biologia Evolutiva (ICBiBE), Universitat de València (Estudi General), C/ Catedrático José Beltrán Martínez, 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - Peter Martin
- grid.9764.c0000 0001 2153 9986Department of Landscape Ecology, Institute for Natural Resource Conservation, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Zu Kiel, Olshausenstr. 75, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ricardo Jiménez-Peydró
- grid.5338.d0000 0001 2173 938XEntomology and Pest Control Laboratory, Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat I Biologia Evolutiva (ICBiBE), Universitat de València (Estudi General), C/ Catedrático José Beltrán Martínez, 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
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Pešić V, Zawal A, Manović A, Bańkowska A, Jovanović M. A DNA barcode library for the water mites of Montenegro. Biodivers Data J 2021; 9:e78311. [PMID: 34966245 PMCID: PMC8712502 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.9.e78311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Water mites (Acari, Hydrachnidia) are a significant component of freshwater ecosystems inhabiting a wide range of aquatic habitats. This study provides a first comprehensive DNA barcode library for the water mites of Montenegro. DNA barcodes were analysed from 233 specimens of water mites morphologically assigned to 86 species from 28 genera and 15 families. In the course of the study, four species, i.e. Lebertiareticulata (Koenike, 1919), Atractidesinflatipalpis K.Viets, 1950, A.latipes (Szalay, 1935) and Parabrachypodamontii (Maglio, 1924) were molecularly confirmed as new for Montenegro and three species, i.e. Protziaoctopora Lundblad, 1954, Pionalaminata (Thor, 1901) and Unionicolaypsilophora (Bonz, 1783) are new for the Balkan Peninsula. Results are analysed using the Barcode Index Number system (BIN) and the Refined Single Linkage (RESL) of BOLD. The BIN assigned sequences to 98 clusters, while the RESL reveal 103 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Unique BINs were revealed for 72 species (83.7%), whereas twelve species (14%) were characterised by two BINs and two species (2.3%) with three BINs. Amongst the studied taxa, 14 species were found with a high intraspecific sequence divergences (˃ 2.2%), emphasising the need for additional comprehensive morphological and molecu-lar analysis of these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Pešić
- Department of Biology, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro Department of Biology, University of Montenegro Podgorica Montenegro
| | - Andrzej Zawal
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Center of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Center of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Szczecin Szczecin Poland
| | - Ana Manović
- Department of Biology, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro Department of Biology, University of Montenegro Podgorica Montenegro
| | - Aleksandra Bańkowska
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin Szczecin Poland
| | - Milica Jovanović
- Department of Biology, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro Department of Biology, University of Montenegro Podgorica Montenegro
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Blattner L, Lucek K, Beck N, Berner D, Fumetti S. Intra‐Alpine Islands: Population genomic inference reveals high degree of isolation between freshwater spring habitats. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Blattner
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Geoecology University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Kay Lucek
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Plant Ecology and Evolution University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Nathanael Beck
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Geoecology University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Daniel Berner
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Animal Diversity and Evolution University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Fumetti
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Geoecology University of Basel Basel Switzerland
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Lienhard A, Krisper G. Hidden biodiversity in microarthropods (Acari, Oribatida, Eremaeoidea, Caleremaeus). Sci Rep 2021; 11:23123. [PMID: 34848782 PMCID: PMC8632897 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02602-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A challenge for taxonomists all over the world and across all taxonomic groups is recognizing and delimiting species, and cryptic species are even more challenging. However, an accurate identification is fundamental for all biological studies from ecology to conversation biology. We used a multidisciplinary approach including genetics as well as morphological and ecological data to assess if an easily recognizable, widely distributed and euryoecious mite taxon represents one and the same species. According to phylogenetic (based on mitochondrial and nuclear genes) and species delimitation analyses, five distinct putative species were detected and supported by high genetic distances. These genetic lineages correlate well with ecological data, and each species could be associated to its own (micro)habitat. Subsequently, slight morphological differences were found and provide additional evidence that five different species occur in Central and Southern Europe. The minuteness and the characteristic habitus of Caleremaeus monilipes tempted to neglect potential higher species diversity. This problem might concern several other "well-known" euryoecious microarthropods. Five new species of the genus Caleremaeus are described, namely Caleremaeus mentobellus sp. nov., C. lignophilus sp. nov., C. alpinus sp. nov., C. elevatus sp. nov., and C. hispanicus sp. nov. Additionally, a morphological evaluation of C. monilipes is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lienhard
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010, Graz, Austria.
| | - Günther Krisper
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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Long-term stasis in acariform mites provides evidence for morphologically stable evolution: Molecular vs. morphological differentiation in Linopodes (Acariformes; Prostigmata). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 163:107237. [PMID: 34147656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Molecular species delimitation, usually by COI DNA barcoding, shows that cryptic speciation is a common phenomenon observed in most animal phyla. Cryptic species have frequently been observed among all major taxa of mites. The mites of the eupodoid genus Linopodes are cosmopolitan in distribution and are most often found in soil-related habitats. Currently, the genus consists of 22 morphologically similar species, which, in practice, are indistinguishable on the basis of their morphological features. The diagnostic issue of the Linopodes species may be caused by the poor delineation of the species, which need taxonomic revision, or the low morphological variability among cryptic species. In this paper, we present the results of molecular species delimitation carried out using sampled Linopodes populations and the level of morphological inter/intraspecific variation within defined groups. We compared COI, 18S and 28S sequence data together with morphological characters. The molecular delimitation revealed seven well-defined species of Linopodes based on DNA sequences. A well-supported phylogenetic tree revealed the same seven species, while morphological analysis showed negligible phenotypic differentiation among the species revealed. We demonstrate that mites can undergo changes in their DNA accompanied by morphological stasis lasting at least 80 MY.
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Drahun I, Wiebe KF, Koloski CW, van Herk WG, Cassone BJ. Genetic structure and population demographics of Hypnoidus bicolor (Coleoptera: Elateridae) in the Canadian Prairies. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:2282-2291. [PMID: 33421259 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following banning of the pesticide lindane in most counties, wireworms (i.e., the soil-living larval stages of click beetles) have become major pests of a variety of economically important field crops. Hypnoidus bicolor is a common pest species in the Canadian Prairies. However, little is known about its life history, which impedes the development of effective integrated pest management (IPM) strategies. Population genetic approaches have the potential to assist in the development of IPM. RESULTS We sequenced a 622-bp fragment of the COX1 gene from 326 H. bicolor wireworm and click beetles collected from 13 localities on the Canadian Prairies. Two genetically distinct (>4.66% sequence divergence) clades were identified, suggesting that they may be part of a species complex. Clade A predominated and increased in prevalence the further east samples were collected, whereas the opposite was true for clade B. Clade B appears to be comprised of two mitochondrial DNA groups, however, one group was represented by only one haplotype. Both clades were characterized by uneven gene flow among populations with low levels of regional genetic structuring. Clade A appeared to have undergone population and range expansions, which may coincide with the advent of intensive agriculture practices in the prairies. CONCLUSION Knowledge of species composition and population structure is important for the development of effective IPM strategies but is often lacking for wireworms. Our study fills these knowledge gaps for a predominant pest species in the prairies, H. bicolor, by providing robust evidence for cryptic forms and characterizing its dispersal patterns and population dynamics. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Drahun
- Department of Biology, Brandon University, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Kiana F Wiebe
- Department of Biology, Brandon University, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Cody W Koloski
- Department of Biology, Brandon University, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Willem G van Herk
- Agassiz Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Agassiz, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bryan J Cassone
- Department of Biology, Brandon University, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
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Water Mite Diversity (Acariformes: Prostigmata: Parasitengonina: Hydrachnidiae) from Karst Ecosystems in Southern of Mexico: A Barcoding Approach. DIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/d12090329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Water mites represent the most diverse and abundant group of Arachnida in freshwater ecosystems, with about 6000 species described; however, it is estimated that this number represents only 30% of the total expected species. Despite having strong biotic interactions with their community and having the potential to be exceptional bioindicators, they are frequently excluded from studies of water quality or ecology, due to actual and perceived difficulties of taxonomic identification in this group. The objective of this study is to use the variations in the sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI), also known as the DNA barcodes region, as a tool to assess the diversity of water mites at 24 sites in the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico. We found 77 genetic groups or putative species corresponding to 18 genera: Arrenurus, Atractides, Centrolimnesia, Eylais, Geayia, Hydrodroma, Hydryphantes, Hygrobates, Koenikea, Krendowskia, Limnesia, Limnochares, Mamersellides, Mideopsis, Neumania, Piona, Torrenticola, and Unionicola. This was significant, since there are only 35 species described for this region. Furthermore, this molecular information has allowed us to infer that there are characteristic assemblies per site. These data will facilitate the incorporation of water mites in different studies while the curatorial work continues to assign a Linnaean name.
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Hiruta SF, Morimoto S, Yoshinari G, Goldschmidt T, Nishikawa K, Shimano S. Complete mitochondrial genomes of two water mite species: Hygrobates ( H.) longiporus and Hygrobates ( rivobates) taniguchii (Acari, Trombidiformes, Hygrobatoidea). MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES 2020; 5:2969-2971. [PMID: 33458019 PMCID: PMC7782277 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2020.1793226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We determined the complete mitochondrial genome sequences of two water mites, Hygrobates (Hygrobates) longiporus and H. (Rivobates) taniguchii. The length of the entire mitogenome of these two species is 13,721 bp and 13,770 bp long, respectively. Both of them contain 13 proteins, two rRNAs, and 22 tRNAs for a total of 37 gene products. The gene order of Hygrobates is almost identical to the two species of Unionicola we included in the analysis, with some difference in the position of transfer RNA genes. Phylogenetic analyses highly support these Hygrobates species form a clade with other species of the Hygrobatoidea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimpei F Hiruta
- Center for Molecular Biodiversity Research, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Kanto Nishikawa
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Zhao Y, Zhang WY, Wang RL, Niu DL. Divergent domains of 28S ribosomal RNA gene: DNA barcodes for molecular classification and identification of mites. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:251. [PMID: 32404192 PMCID: PMC7222323 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04124-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The morphological and molecular identification of mites is challenging due to the large number of species, the microscopic size of the organisms, diverse phenotypes of the same species, similar morphology of different species and a shortage of molecular data. METHODS Nine medically important mite species belonging to six families, i.e. Demodex folliculorum, D. brevis, D. canis, D. caprae, Sarcoptes scabiei canis, Psoroptes cuniculi, Dermatophagoides farinae, Cheyletus malaccensis and Ornithonyssus bacoti, were collected and subjected to DNA barcoding. Sequences of cox1, 16S and 12S mtDNA, as well as ITS, 18S and 28S rDNA from mites were retrieved from GenBank and used as candidate genes. Sequence alignment and analysis identified 28S rDNA as the suitable target gene. Subsequently, universal primers of divergent domains were designed for molecular identification of 125 mite samples. Finally, the universality of the divergent domains with high identification efficiency was evaluated in Acari to screen DNA barcodes for mites. RESULTS Domains D5 (67.65%), D6 (62.71%) and D8 (77.59%) of the 28S rRNA gene had a significantly higher sequencing success rate, compared to domains D2 (19.20%), D3 (20.00%) and D7 (15.12%). The successful divergent domains all matched the closely-related species in GenBank with an identity of 74-100% and a coverage rate of 92-100%. Phylogenetic analysis also supported this result. Moreover, the three divergent domains had their own advantages. D5 had the lowest intraspecies divergence (0-1.26%), D6 had the maximum barcoding gap (10.54%) and the shortest sequence length (192-241 bp), and D8 had the longest indels (241 bp). Further universality analysis showed that the primers of the three divergent domains were suitable for identification across 225 species of 40 families in Acari. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed that domains D5, D6 and D8 of 28S rDNA are universal DNA barcodes for molecular classification and identification of mites. 28S rDNA, as a powerful supplement for cox1 mtDNA 5'-end 648-bp fragment, recommended by the International Barcode of Life (IBOL), will provide great potential in molecular identification of mites in future studies because of its universality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yae Zhao
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wan-Yu Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Ling Wang
- Assisted Reproduction Center, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, 710003, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Ling Niu
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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Więcek M, Szydło W, Dabert J, Proctor H. Delimiting species of water mites of the genus Hydrodroma (Acari: Hydrachnidiae: Hydrodromidae) from North America and Europe: Integrative evidence of species status from COI sequences and morphology. ZOOL ANZ 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zheng L, Zhang Y, Yang W, Zeng Y, Jiang F, Qin Y, Zhang J, Jiang Z, Hu W, Guo D, Wan J, Zhao Z, Liu L, Li Z. New Species-Specific Primers for Molecular Diagnosis of Bactrocera minax and Bactrocera tsuneonis (Diptera: Tephritidae) in China Based on DNA Barcodes. INSECTS 2019; 10:E447. [PMID: 31842348 PMCID: PMC6956326 DOI: 10.3390/insects10120447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tephritidae fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are regarded as important damage-causing species due to their ability to cause great economic losses in fruit and vegetable crops. Bactrocera minax and Bactrocera tsuneonis are two sibling species of the subgenus Tetradacus of Bactrocera that are distributed across a limited area of China, but have caused serious impacts. They share similar morphological characteristics. These characteristics can only be observed in the female adult individuals. The differences between them cannot be observed in preimaginal stages. Thus, it is difficult to distinguish them in preimaginal stages morphologically. In this study, we used molecular diagnostic methods based on cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and species-specific markers to identify these two species and improve upon the false-positive results of previous species-detection primers. DNA barcode sequences were obtained from 900 individuals of B. minax and 63 individuals of B. tsuneonis. Based on these 658 bp DNA barcode sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene, we successfully designed the species-specific primers for B. minax and B. tsuneonis. The size of the B. minax specific fragment was 422 bp and the size of the B. tsuneonis specific fragment was 456 bp. A series of PCR trials ensured the specificity of these two pairs of primers. Sensitivity assay results demonstrated that the detection limit for the DNA template concentration was 0.1~1 ng/μL for these two species. In this study, we established a more reliable, rapid, and low-cost molecular identification method for all life stages of B. minax and B. tsuneonis. Species-specific PCR can be applied in plant quarantine, monitoring and control of B. minax and B. tsuneonis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyu Zheng
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Wenzhao Yang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Yiying Zeng
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Fan Jiang
- Institute of Plant Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China; (F.J.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Yujia Qin
- Institute of Plant Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China; (F.J.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Jiafeng Zhang
- Hunan Plant Protection and Plant Quarantine Station, Changsha 410006, China;
| | - Zhaochun Jiang
- Guizhou Plant Protection and Plant Quarantine Station, Guiyang 550001, China;
| | - Wenzhao Hu
- Chongqing Plant Protection and Plant Quarantine Station, Yubei 401123, China;
| | - Dijin Guo
- Sichuan Plant Protection and Plant Quarantine Station, Chengdu 610041, China; (D.G.); (J.W.)
| | - Jia Wan
- Sichuan Plant Protection and Plant Quarantine Station, Chengdu 610041, China; (D.G.); (J.W.)
| | - Zihua Zhao
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Lijun Liu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (L.L.)
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