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Bisia M, Montenegro-Quinoñez CA, Dambach P, Deckert A, Horstick O, Kolimenakis A, Louis VR, Manrique-Saide P, Michaelakis A, Runge-Ranzinger S, Morrison AC. Secondary vectors of Zika Virus, a systematic review of laboratory vector competence studies. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011591. [PMID: 37651473 PMCID: PMC10499269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND After the unprecedented Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak in the western hemisphere from 2015-2018, Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus are now well established primary and secondary ZIKV vectors, respectively. Consensus about identification and importance of other secondary ZIKV vectors remain. This systematic review aims to provide a list of vector species capable of transmitting ZIKV by reviewing evidence from laboratory vector competence (VC) studies and to identify key knowledge gaps and issues within the ZIKV VC literature. METHODS A search was performed until 15th March 2022 on the Cochrane Library, Lilacs, PubMed, Web of Science, WHOLIS and Google Scholar. The search strings included three general categories: 1) "ZIKA"; 2) "vector"; 3) "competence", "transmission", "isolation", or "feeding behavior" and their combinations. Inclusion and exclusion criteria has been predefined and quality of included articles was assessed by STROBE and STROME-ID criteria. FINDINGS From 8,986 articles retrieved, 2,349 non-duplicates were screened by title and abstracts,103 evaluated using the full text, and 45 included in this analysis. Main findings are 1) secondary vectors of interest include Ae. japonicus, Ae. detritus, and Ae. vexans at higher temperature 2) Culex quinquefasciatus was not found to be a competent vector of ZIKV, 3) considerable heterogeneity in VC, depending on the local mosquito strain and virus used in testing was observed. Critical issues or gaps identified included 1) inconsistent definitions of VC parameters across the literature; 2) equivalency of using different mosquito body parts to evaluate VC parameters for infection (mosquito bodies versus midguts), dissemination (heads, legs or wings versus salivary glands), and transmission (detection or virus amplification in saliva, FTA cards, transmission to neonatal mice); 3) articles that fail to use infectious virus assays to confirm the presence of live virus; 4) need for more studies using murine models with immunocompromised mice to infect mosquitoes. CONCLUSION Recent, large collaborative multi-country projects to conduct large scale evaluations of specific mosquito species represent the most appropriate approach to establish VC of mosquito species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bisia
- Laboratory of Insects and Parasites of Medical Importance, Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Carlos Alberto Montenegro-Quinoñez
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Instituto de Investigaciones, Centro Universitario de Zacapa, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Zacapa, Guatemala
| | - Peter Dambach
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Deckert
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olaf Horstick
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antonios Kolimenakis
- Laboratory of Insects and Parasites of Medical Importance, Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Valérie R. Louis
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pablo Manrique-Saide
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomológicos (UCBE), Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, México
| | - Antonios Michaelakis
- Laboratory of Insects and Parasites of Medical Importance, Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Silvia Runge-Ranzinger
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Amy C. Morrison
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
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Veronesi E, Paslaru A, Ettlin J, Ravasi D, Flacio E, Tanadini M, Guidi V. Estimating the Impact of Consecutive Blood Meals on Vector Competence of Aedes albopictus for Chikungunya Virus. Pathogens 2023; 12:849. [PMID: 37375539 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12060849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The continuous expansion of Aedes albopictus in Europe and the increases in autochthonous arboviruses transmissions in the region urge a better understanding of the virus transmission dynamic. Recent work described enhanced chikungunya virus (CHIKV) dissemination in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes exposed to a virus-free blood meal three days after their infection with CHIKV. Our study investigated the impact of a second blood meal on the vector competence of Ae. albopictus from southern Switzerland infected with CHIKV. Seven-day-old Ae. albopictus females were exposed to CHIKV-spiked blood and incubated at constant (27 °C) and fluctuating (14-28 °C) temperatures. Four days post-infection (dpi), some of these females were re-fed with a non-infectious blood meal. Virus infectivity, dissemination, transmission rate, and efficiency were investigated at seven and ten dpi. No enhanced dissemination rate was observed among females fed a second time; however, re-fed females have shown higher transmission efficiency than those fed only once after seven days post-infection and incubated under a fluctuating temperature regime. Vector competence for CHIKV was confirmed in Ae. albopictus from southern Switzerland. We did not observe an increase in dissemination rates among mosquitoes fed a second time (second blood meal), regardless of the temperature regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Veronesi
- Institute of Microbiology, Department for Environment Constructions and Design, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), 6850 Mendrisio, Switzerland
| | - Anca Paslaru
- National Centre for Vector Entomology, Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich (UZH), 5404 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Julia Ettlin
- National Centre for Vector Entomology, Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich (UZH), 5404 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Damiana Ravasi
- Institute of Microbiology, Department for Environment Constructions and Design, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), 6850 Mendrisio, Switzerland
| | - Eleonora Flacio
- Institute of Microbiology, Department for Environment Constructions and Design, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), 6850 Mendrisio, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Tanadini
- Zurich Data Scientists GmbH, Sihlquai 131, 8005 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valeria Guidi
- Institute of Microbiology, Department for Environment Constructions and Design, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), 6850 Mendrisio, Switzerland
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Nanfack-Minkeu F, Delong A, Luri M, Poelstra JW. Invasive Aedes japonicus Mosquitoes Dominate the Aedes Fauna Collected with Gravid Traps in Wooster, Northeastern Ohio, USA. INSECTS 2023; 14:56. [PMID: 36661984 PMCID: PMC9861081 DOI: 10.3390/insects14010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Aedes japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae), or the Asian rock pool mosquito, is an invasive mosquito in Europe and America. It was first detected outside of Asia in 1990 in Oceania. It has since expanded to North America and Europe in 1998 and 2000, respectively. Even though it is classified as a secondary vector of pathogens, it is competent to several arboviruses and filarial worms, and it is contributing to the transmission of La Crosse virus (LACV) and West Nile virus (WNV). In this study, CDC light, BG-sentinel, and gravid traps were used to collect mosquitoes between June and October 2021, in Wooster, Northeastern Ohio, USA. Morphological identification or/and Sanger sequencing were performed to identify the collected mosquitoes. Our results revealed that (adult) Ae. japonicus mosquitoes were the most abundant mosquito species collected with gravid traps in Wooster in 2021, confirming its establishment in Ohio. Molecular analyses of Ae. japonicus showed 100% nucleotide similarity with Ae. japonicus collected in Iowa (USA) and Canada, suggesting multiple introductions. Its presence may increase the risk of future arbovirus outbreaks in Wooster, Ohio. This study stresses the importance of actively monitoring the density and distribution of all members of the Ae. japonicus complex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Delong
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Program, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Moses Luri
- Departments of Economics, and Mathematical and Computational Sciences, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Jelmer W. Poelstra
- Molecular and Cellular Imaging Center, Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
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Paslaru AI, Maurer LM, Vögtlin A, Hoffmann B, Torgerson PR, Mathis A, Veronesi E. Putative roles of mosquitoes (Culicidae) and biting midges (Culicoides spp.) as mechanical or biological vectors of lumpy skin disease virus. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 36:381-389. [PMID: 35524681 PMCID: PMC9543268 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The stable fly Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae) is considered as the main mechanical vector of the lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV). In addition, the mosquito species Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) was shown to transmit the virus from donor to receptor animals. Retention of the virus for several days was shown for two additional tropical mosquito species and the biting midge Culicoides nubeculosus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). In the present study, viral retention for 10- or 7-days post feeding on virus-spiked blood through a membrane was shown for field-collected Aedes japonicus and laboratory-reared Culex pipiens, two widely distributed mosquito species in temperate regions. Viral DNA could be detected from honey-coated Flinders Technology Associates (FTA) cards and shedded faeces for 1 or 4 days after an infectious blood meal was given to Ae. aegypti. Virus increase over time and virus dissemination was observed in laboratory-reared C. nubeculosus, but the virus could be isolated from field-collected biting midges only from the day of exposure to the blood meal. Thus, mosquitoes might serve as mechanical vectors of LSDV in case of interrupted feeding. A putative biological virus transmission by Culicoides biting midges, as suspected from field observations, deserves further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca I. Paslaru
- National Centre for Vector Entomology, Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
- Diagnostics departmentInstitute of Virology and Immunology (IVI)MittelhäusernSwitzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Lena M. Maurer
- National Centre for Vector Entomology, Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Andrea Vögtlin
- Diagnostics departmentInstitute of Virology and Immunology (IVI)MittelhäusernSwitzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Bernd Hoffmann
- Institute of Diagnostic VirologyFriedrich‐Loeffler‐InstitutGreifswald‐Insel RiemsGermany
| | - Paul R. Torgerson
- Section of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Alexander Mathis
- National Centre for Vector Entomology, Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Eva Veronesi
- National Centre for Vector Entomology, Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
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Obadia T, Gutierrez-Bugallo G, Duong V, Nuñez AI, Fernandes RS, Kamgang B, Hery L, Gomard Y, Abbo SR, Jiolle D, Glavinic U, Dupont-Rouzeyrol M, Atyame CM, Pocquet N, Boyer S, Dauga C, Vazeille M, Yébakima A, White MT, Koenraadt CJM, Mavingui P, Vega-Rua A, Veronesi E, Pijlman GP, Paupy C, Busquets N, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R, De Lamballerie X, Failloux AB. Zika vector competence data reveals risks of outbreaks: the contribution of the European ZIKAlliance project. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4490. [PMID: 35918360 PMCID: PMC9345287 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32234-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
First identified in 1947, Zika virus took roughly 70 years to cause a pandemic unusually associated with virus-induced brain damage in newborns. Zika virus is transmitted by mosquitoes, mainly Aedes aegypti, and secondarily, Aedes albopictus, both colonizing a large strip encompassing tropical and temperate regions. As part of the international project ZIKAlliance initiated in 2016, 50 mosquito populations from six species collected in 12 countries were experimentally infected with different Zika viruses. Here, we show that Ae. aegypti is mainly responsible for Zika virus transmission having the highest susceptibility to viral infections. Other species play a secondary role in transmission while Culex mosquitoes are largely non-susceptible. Zika strain is expected to significantly modulate transmission efficiency with African strains being more likely to cause an outbreak. As the distribution of Ae. aegypti will doubtless expand with climate change and without new marketed vaccines, all the ingredients are in place to relive a new pandemic of Zika. Zika virus (ZIKV), the causative agent of virus-induced brain damage in newborns, is transmitted by mosquitoes, mainly Aedes aegypti, and secondarily, Aedes albopictus. Here, Obadia et al. characterize ZIKV vector competence of 50 mosquito populations from six species collected in 12 different countries to inform about epidemic risk. They find that African ZIKV strain shows higher transmission efficiency compared to American and Asian ZIKV strains and that Ae. aegypti mosquitoes have highest susceptibility to infections, while Culexmosquitoes are largely non-susceptible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Obadia
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, F-75015, Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, G5 Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Analytics, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Gladys Gutierrez-Bugallo
- Department of Vector Control, Center for Research, Diagnostic, and Reference, Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kouri, Havana, Cuba.,Institut Pasteur of Guadeloupe, Laboratory of Vector Control Research, Unit Transmission Reservoir and Pathogens Diversity, Les Abymes, Guadeloupe
| | - Veasna Duong
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Virology Unit, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Ana I Nuñez
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Rosilainy S Fernandes
- Laboratorio de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoarios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Basile Kamgang
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Entomology, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Liza Hery
- Institut Pasteur of Guadeloupe, Laboratory of Vector Control Research, Unit Transmission Reservoir and Pathogens Diversity, Les Abymes, Guadeloupe
| | - Yann Gomard
- UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical), Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Sandra R Abbo
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Davy Jiolle
- IRD, MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Uros Glavinic
- National Centre for Vector Entomology, Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Célestine M Atyame
- UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical), Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Nicolas Pocquet
- Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, URE Entomologie Médicale, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Sébastien Boyer
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Medical Entomology Unit, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Catherine Dauga
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Marie Vazeille
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, F-75015, Paris, France
| | | | - Michael T White
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, G5 Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Analytics, F-75015, Paris, France
| | | | - Patrick Mavingui
- UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical), Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Anubis Vega-Rua
- Institut Pasteur of Guadeloupe, Laboratory of Vector Control Research, Unit Transmission Reservoir and Pathogens Diversity, Les Abymes, Guadeloupe
| | - Eva Veronesi
- National Centre for Vector Entomology, Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gorben P Pijlman
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christophe Paupy
- IRD, MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Núria Busquets
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ricardo Lourenço-de-Oliveira
- Laboratorio de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoarios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Xavier De Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Aix Marseille Université, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Anna-Bella Failloux
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, F-75015, Paris, France.
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Ganassi S, De Cristofaro A, Di Criscio D, Petrarca S, Leopardi C, Guarnieri A, Pietrangelo L, Venditti N, Di Marco R, Petronio Petronio G. The new invasive mosquito species Aedes koreicus as vector-borne diseases in the European area, a focus on Italian region: What we know from the scientific literature. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:931994. [PMID: 35958131 PMCID: PMC9358684 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.931994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased mobility of goods, people, and animals worldwide has caused the spread of several arthropod vectors, leading to an increased risk of animal and human infections. Aedes koreicus is a common species in South Korea, China, Japan, and Russia. Due to its cold-resistant dormant eggs, the adults last from the late summer until the autumn seasons. For these reasons, it seems to be better adapted to colder temperatures, favoring its colonization of hilly and pre-alpine areas. Its first appearance in Europe was in 2008 in Belgium, where it is currently established. The species was subsequently detected in Italy in 2011, European Russia, Germany, the Swiss–Italian border region, Hungary, Slovenia, Crimea, Austria, the Republic of Kazakhstan, and the Netherlands. The role of A. koreicus in the transmission of vector-borne pathogens remains unclear. The available scientific evidence is very old, often not available in English or not indexed in international databases, and therefore difficult to find. According to the literature reviewed, A. koreicus can be considered a new invasive mosquito species in Europe, establishing populations on the European continent. In addition, experimental evidence demonstrated its vector competence for both Dirofilaria immitis and Chikungunya and is relatively low for ZIKA but not for Western Nile Virus. On the other hand, even if the field evidence does not confirm the experimental findings, it is currently not possible to exclude with absolute certainty the potential involvement of this species in the spread, emergence, or re-emergence of these vector-borne disease agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Ganassi
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences (DiAAA), Università degli Studi del Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Antonio De Cristofaro
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences (DiAAA), Università degli Studi del Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Dalila Di Criscio
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences (DiAAA), Università degli Studi del Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Sonia Petrarca
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences (DiAAA), Università degli Studi del Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Chiara Leopardi
- Department of Medicine and Health Science (DiMeS), Università degli Studi del Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Antonio Guarnieri
- Department of Medicine and Health Science (DiMeS), Università degli Studi del Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Laura Pietrangelo
- Department of Medicine and Health Science (DiMeS), Università degli Studi del Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Noemi Venditti
- Department of Medicine and Health Science (DiMeS), Università degli Studi del Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Roberto Di Marco
- Department of Medicine and Health Science (DiMeS), Università degli Studi del Molise, Campobasso, Italy
- *Correspondence: Roberto Di Marco
| | - Giulio Petronio Petronio
- Department of Medicine and Health Science (DiMeS), Università degli Studi del Molise, Campobasso, Italy
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A Survey on Native and Invasive Mosquitoes and Other Biting Dipterans in Northern Spain. Acta Parasitol 2022; 67:867-877. [PMID: 35298775 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-022-00529-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Haematophagous Diptera, such as mosquitoes (Culicidae), biting midges (Ceratopogonidae), and black flies (Simuliidae), are important insects for public and animal health due to their capacity to bite and transmit pathogens. Outdoor recreation areas are usually affected by biting species and provide suitable habitats to both adult and immature stages. This study aimed to determine the species diversity and larval sites of these Diptera groups in two golf courses. METHODS A multi-method collection approach using ultraviolet-CDC traps, human landing catches, collection in breeding sites, and ovitraps was implemented during summer 2020 in northern Spain. Insects were determined by morphological features accompanied by DNA barcoding. RESULTS A total of ten native mosquito species were recorded either as adults or as larval stages. The invasive species Aedes japonicus was collected only at egg or pupa stage in ovitraps. Culex pipiens s.l. and Culex torrentium were both common mosquito species accounting for 47.9% of the total larval site collections and their larvae might be found in a wide range of natural and artificial sites. Culiseta longiareolata specimens were also prominent (30.1% of the total) and occurred exclusively in man-made water-filled containers. A total of 13 Culicoides species were identified, 10 of which were captured by ultraviolet-CDC traps, particularly members of the Obsoletus complex (Culicoides obsoletus/Culicoides scoticus, 74.9%) and seven species by emergence traps, being the two most abundant C. kibunensis (44.8%) and C. festivipennis (34.9%). Simulium cryophilum was also collected hovering around the operator under field sampling. CONCLUSION A comprehensive representation of the blood-sucking Diptera fauna and their larval sites was obtained by the multi-method approach in two Spanish golf courses.
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Vector Competence of the Invasive Mosquito Species Aedes koreicus for Arboviruses and Interference with a Novel Insect Specific Virus. Viruses 2021; 13:v13122507. [PMID: 34960776 PMCID: PMC8704790 DOI: 10.3390/v13122507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The global spread of invasive mosquito species increases arbovirus infections. In addition to the invasive species Aedes albopictus and Aedes japonicus, Aedes koreicus has spread within Central Europe. Extensive information on its vector competence is missing. Ae. koreicus from Germany were investigated for their vector competence for chikungunya virus (CHIKV), Zika virus (ZIKV) and West Nile virus (WNV). Experiments were performed under different climate conditions (27 ± 5 °C; 24 ± 5 °C) for fourteen days. Ae. koreicus had the potential to transmit CHIKV and ZIKV but not WNV. Transmission was exclusively observed at the higher temperature, and transmission efficiency was rather low, at 4.6% (CHIKV) or 4.7% (ZIKV). Using a whole virome analysis, a novel mosquito-associated virus, designated Wiesbaden virus (WBDV), was identified in Ae. koreicus. Linking the WBDV infection status of single specimens to their transmission capability for the arboviruses revealed no influence on ZIKV transmission. In contrast, a coinfection of WBDV and CHIKV likely has a boost effect on CHIKV transmission. Due to its current distribution, the risk of arbovirus transmission by Ae. koreicus in Europe is rather low but might gain importance, especially in regions with higher temperatures. The impact of WBDV on arbovirus transmission should be analyzed in more detail.
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Outammassine A, Zouhair S, Loqman S. Global potential distribution of three underappreciated arboviruses vectors (Aedes japonicus, Aedes vexans and Aedes vittatus) under current and future climate conditions. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:e1160-e1171. [PMID: 34821477 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses) are expanding their geographic range, posing significant health threats to millions of people worldwide. This expansion is associated with efficient and suitable vector availability. Apart from the well-known Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus, other Aedes species may potentially promote the geographic spread of arboviruses because these viruses have similar vector requirements. Aedes japonicus, Ae. vexans and Ae. vittatus are a growing concern, given their potential and known vector competence for several arboviruses including dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses. In the present study, we developed detailed maps of their global potential distributions under both current and future (2050) climate conditions, using an ecological niche modeling approach (Maxent). Under present-day conditions, Ae. japonicus and Ae. vexans have suitable areas in the northeastern United States, across Europe and in southeastern China, whereas the tropical regions of South America, Africa and Asia are more suitable for Ae. vittatus. Future scenarios anticipated range changes for the three species, with each expected to expand into new areas that are currently not suitable. By 2050, Ae. japonicus will have a broader potential distribution across much of Europe, the United States, western Russia and central Asia. Aedes vexans may be able to expand its range, especially in Libya, Egypt and southern Australia. For Ae. vittatus, future projections indicated areas at risk in sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East. As such, these species deserve as much attention as Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus when processing arboviruses risk assessments and our findings may help to better understand the potential distribution of each species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelkrim Outammassine
- Laboratoire de Lutte contre les Maladies Infectieuses, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Said Zouhair
- Laboratoire de Lutte contre les Maladies Infectieuses, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco.,Laboratory of Bacteriology-Virology, Avicienne Hospital Military, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Souad Loqman
- Laboratoire de Lutte contre les Maladies Infectieuses, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
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Čabanová V, Boršová K, Svitok M, Oboňa J, Svitková I, Barbušinová E, Derka T, Sláviková M, Klempa B. An unwanted companion reaches the country: the first record of the alien mosquito Aedes japonicus japonicus (Theobald, 1901) in Slovakia. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:572. [PMID: 34772447 PMCID: PMC8588666 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-05062-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invasive mosquitoes of the genus Aedes are quickly spreading around the world. The presence of these alien species is concerning for both their impact on the native biodiversity and their high vector competence. The surveillance of Aedes invasive mosquito (AIM) species is one of the most important steps in vector-borne disease control and prevention. METHODS In 2020, the monitoring of AIM species was conducted in five areas (Bratislava, Zvolen, Banská Bystrica, Prešov, Košice) of Slovakia. The sites were located at points of entry (border crossings with Austria and Hungary) and in the urban and rural zones of cities and their surroundings. Ovitraps were used at the majority of sites as a standard method of monitoring. The collected specimens were identified morphologically, with subsequent molecular identification by conventional PCR (cox1) and Sanger sequencing. The phylogenetic relatedness of the obtained sequences was inferred by the maximum likelihood (ML) method. The nucleotide heterogeneity of the Slovak sequences was analysed by the index of disparity. RESULTS A bush mosquito, Aedes japonicus japonicus, was found and confirmed by molecular methods in three geographically distant areas of Slovakia-Bratislava, Zvolen and Prešov. The presence of AIM species is also likely in Košice; however, the material was not subjected to molecular identification. The nucleotide sequences of some Slovak strains confirm their significant heterogeneity. They were placed in several clusters on the ML phylogenetic tree. Moreover, Ae. j. japonicus was discovered in regions of Slovakia that are not close to a point of entry, where the mosquitoes could find favourable habitats in dendrothelms in city parks or forests. CONCLUSION Despite being a first record of the Ae. j. japonicus in Slovakia, our study indicates that the established populations already exist across the country, underlining the urgent need for intensified surveillance of AIM species as well as mosquito-borne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktória Čabanová
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Kristína Boršová
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marek Svitok
- Department of Biology and General Ecology, Technical University in Zvolen, T. G. Masaryka 24, 960 01 Zvolen, Slovakia
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Oboňa
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, 17 Novembra č. 1, 081 16 Prešov, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Svitková
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eva Barbušinová
- Department of Breeding and Diseases of Game, Fish and Bees, Ecology and Cynology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Tomáš Derka
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Iľkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Monika Sláviková
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Boris Klempa
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
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