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Huang ZQ, Liu J, Sun LY, Ong HH, Ye J, Xu Y, Wang DY. Updated epithelial barrier dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis: Targeting pathophysiology and treatment response of tight junctions. Allergy 2024; 79:1146-1165. [PMID: 38372149 DOI: 10.1111/all.16064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Tight junction (TJ) proteins establish a physical barrier between epithelial cells, playing a crucial role in maintaining tissue homeostasis by safeguarding host tissues against pathogens, allergens, antigens, irritants, etc. Recently, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that abnormal expression of TJs plays an essential role in the development and progression of inflammatory airway diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, allergic rhinitis, and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with or without nasal polyps. Among them, CRS with nasal polyps is a prevalent chronic inflammatory disease that affects the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, leading to a poor prognosis and significantly impacting patients' quality of life. Its pathogenesis primarily involves dysfunction of the nasal epithelial barrier, impaired mucociliary clearance, disordered immune response, and excessive tissue remodeling. Numerous studies have elucidated the pivotal role of TJs in both the pathogenesis and response to traditional therapies in CRS. We therefore to review and discuss potential factors contributing to impair and repair of TJs in the nasal epithelium based on their structure, function, and formation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qun Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li-Ying Sun
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hsiao Hui Ong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - De-Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
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Viegas J, Cardoso EM, Bonneau L, Esteves AF, Ferreira CL, Alves G, Santos-Silva AJ, Vitale M, Arosa FA, Taborda-Barata L. A Novel Bionebulizer Approach to Study the Effects of Natural Mineral Water on a 3D In Vitro Nasal Model from Allergic Rhinitis Patients. Biomedicines 2024; 12:408. [PMID: 38398010 PMCID: PMC10886703 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Sulfurous thermal waters (STWs) are used as a complementary treatment for allergic rhinitis. However, there is scant data on the effects of STW on nasal epithelial cells, and in vitro models are warranted. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the dose and time effects of exposure to 3D nasal inserts (MucilAirTM-HF allergic rhinitis model) with STW or isotonic sodium chloride solution (ISCS) aerosols. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and histology were assessed before and after nebulizations. Chemokine/cytokine levels in the basal supernatants were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed that more than four daily nebulizations of four or more minutes compromised the normal epithelial integrity. In contrast, 1 or 2 min of STW or ISCS nebulizations had no toxic effect up to 3 days. No statistically significant changes in release of inflammatory chemokines MCP-1/CCL2 > IL-8/CXCL8 > MIP-1α/CCL3, no meaningful release of "alarmins" (IL-1α, IL-33), nor of anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine were observed. We have characterized safe time and dose conditions for aerosol nebulizations using a novel in vitro 3D nasal epithelium model of allergic rhinitis patients. This may be a suitable in vitro setup to mimic in vivo treatments of chronic rhinitis with STW upon triggering an inflammatory stimulus in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Viegas
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.V.); (E.M.C.); (L.B.); (A.F.E.); (C.L.F.); (G.A.); (F.A.A.)
| | - Elsa M. Cardoso
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.V.); (E.M.C.); (L.B.); (A.F.E.); (C.L.F.); (G.A.); (F.A.A.)
- ESS-IPG-School of Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, Rua da Cadeia, 6300-307 Guarda, Portugal
| | - Lucile Bonneau
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.V.); (E.M.C.); (L.B.); (A.F.E.); (C.L.F.); (G.A.); (F.A.A.)
| | - Ana Filipa Esteves
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.V.); (E.M.C.); (L.B.); (A.F.E.); (C.L.F.); (G.A.); (F.A.A.)
| | - Catarina L. Ferreira
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.V.); (E.M.C.); (L.B.); (A.F.E.); (C.L.F.); (G.A.); (F.A.A.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal;
| | - Gilberto Alves
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.V.); (E.M.C.); (L.B.); (A.F.E.); (C.L.F.); (G.A.); (F.A.A.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal;
| | - António Jorge Santos-Silva
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal;
- Unhais da Serra Thermal Spa, Avenida das Termas, 6215-574 Unhais da Serra, Portugal
| | - Marco Vitale
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy;
- FoRST—Fondazione per la Ricerca Scientifica Termale, 00198 Rome, Italy
| | - Fernando A. Arosa
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.V.); (E.M.C.); (L.B.); (A.F.E.); (C.L.F.); (G.A.); (F.A.A.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal;
| | - Luís Taborda-Barata
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.V.); (E.M.C.); (L.B.); (A.F.E.); (C.L.F.); (G.A.); (F.A.A.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal;
- UBIAir—Clinical & Experimental Lung Centre, University of Beira Interior, Estrada Municipal 506, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
- CACB—Clinical Academic Centre of Beiras, Estrada Municipal 506, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
- Department of Immunoallergology, Cova da Beira University Hospital Centre, Alameda Pêro da Covilhã, 6200-251 Covilhã, Portugal
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Chegini Z, Noei M, Hemmati J, Arabestani MR, Shariati A. The destruction of mucosal barriers, epithelial remodeling, and impaired mucociliary clearance: possible pathogenic mechanisms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus in chronic rhinosinusitis. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:306. [PMID: 37904180 PMCID: PMC10614382 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01347-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a pathological condition characterized by persistent inflammation in the upper respiratory tract and paranasal sinuses. The epithelium serves as the first line of defense against potential threats and protects the nasal mucosa. The fundamental mechanical barrier is formed by the cell-cell contact and mucociliary clearance (MCC) systems. The physical-mechanical barrier is comprised of many cellular structures, including adhesion junctions and tight junctions (TJs). To this end, different factors, such as the dysfunction of MCC, destruction of epithelial barriers, and tissue remodeling, are related to the onset and development of CRS. Recently published studies reported the critical role of different microorganisms, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in the induction of the mentioned factors. Bacteria could result in diminished ciliary stimulation capacity, and enhance the chance of CRS by reducing basal ciliary beat frequency. Additionally, bacterial exoproteins have been demonstrated to disrupt the epithelial barrier and induce downregulation of transmembrane proteins such as occludin, claudin, and tricellulin. Moreover, bacteria exert an influence on TJ proteins, leading to an increase in the permeability of polarized epithelial cells. Noteworthy, it is evident that the activation of TLR2 by staphylococcal enterotoxin can potentially undermine the structural integrity of TJs and the epithelial barrier through the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The purpose of this article is an attempt to investigate the possible role of the most important microorganisms associated with CRS and their pathogenic mechanisms against mucosal surfaces and epithelial barriers in the paranasal sinuses. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Chegini
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Milad Noei
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jaber Hemmati
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Arabestani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Aref Shariati
- Student Research Committee, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran.
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Chung JY, Park N, Kim MH, Yang WM. Abies holophylla Leaf Essential Oil Alleviates Allergic Rhinitis Based on Network Pharmacology. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041195. [PMID: 37111680 PMCID: PMC10146622 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Abies holophylla is an evergreen coniferous species that has been widely used for treating pulmonary diseases and colds. Previous research has demonstrated the anti-inflammatory effect of Abies species and the anti-asthmatic activities of Abies holophylla leaf essential oil (AEO). As asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR) share pathophysiology and pharmacotherapeutic interventions, AEO inhalation can also ameliorate upper respiratory allergic diseases. This study explored the protective effects of AEO on AR with network pharmacological pathway prediction. The potential target pathways of AEO were analyzed by a network pharmacological approach. The BALB/c mice were sensitized by ovalbumin (OVA) and 10 μm particular matter (PM10) to induce allergic rhinitis. Aerosolized AEO 0.0003% and 0.03% were delivered by nebulizer for 5 min a day, 3 times a week for 7 weeks. Nasal symptoms (sneezing and rubbing), histopathological changes in nasal tissues, serum IgE, and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) expressions on nasal tissues were analyzed. After AR induction with OVA+PM10 and inhalation of AEO 0.0003% and 0.03% treatment, AEO significantly decreased allergic symptoms (sneezing and rubbing), hyperplasia of nasal epithelial thickness, goblet cell counts, and serum IgE level. The network analysis demonstrated that the possible molecular mechanism of AEO is highly associated with the IL-17 signaling pathway and tight junction. The target pathway of AEO was investigated in RPMI 2650 nasal epithelial cells. Treatment of AEO on PM10-treated nasal epithelial cells significantly reduced the production of inflammatory mediators related to the IL-17 signaling pathway, NF-κB, and the MAPK signaling pathway and prevented the reduction in TJ-related factors. When taken together, AEO inhalation may be considered as a potential treatment for AR by alleviating nasal inflammation and recovering the tight junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yoon Chung
- Department of Convergence Korean Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayoung Park
- Department of Convergence Korean Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hye Kim
- Department of Convergence Korean Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Mo Yang
- Department of Convergence Korean Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Silva S, Bicker J, Falcão A, Fortuna A. Air-liquid interface (ALI) impact on different respiratory cell cultures. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 184:62-82. [PMID: 36696943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The intranasal route has been receiving greater attention from the scientific community not only for systemic drug delivery but also for the treatment of pulmonary and neurological diseases. Along with it, drug transport and permeability studies across the nasal mucosa have exponentially increased. Nevertheless, the translation of data from in vitro cell lines to in vivo studies is not always reliable, due to the difficulty in generating an in vitro model that resembles respiratory human physiology. Among all currently available methodologies, the air-liquid interface (ALI) method is advantageous to promote cell differentiation and optimize the morphological and histological characteristics of airway epithelium cells. Cells grown under ALI conditions, in alternative to submerged conditions, appear to provide relevant input for inhalation and pulmonary toxicology and complement in vivo experiments. Different methodologies and a variety of materials have been used to induce ALI conditions in primary cells and numerous cell lines. Until this day, with only exploratory results, no consensus has been reached regarding the validation of the ALI method, hampering data comparison. The present review describes the most adequate cell models of airway epithelium and how these models are differently affected by ALI conditions. It includes the evaluation of cellular features before and after ALI, and the application of the method in primary cell cultures, commercial 3D primary cells, cell lines and stem-cell derived models. A variety of these models have been recently applied for pharmacological studies against severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus(-2) SARS-CoV(-2), namely primary cultures with alveolar type II epithelium cells and organotypic 3D models. The herein compiled data suggest that ALI conditions must be optimized bearing in mind the type of cells (nasal, bronchial, alveolar), their origin and the objective of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraia Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBIT - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Bicker
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBIT - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBIT - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Fortuna
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBIT - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Dhummakupt E, Jenkins C, Rizzo G, Melka A, Carmany D, Prugh A, Horsmon J, Renner J, Angelini D. Proteomic, Metabolomic, and Lipidomic Analyses of Lung Tissue Exposed to Mustard Gas. Metabolites 2022; 12:815. [PMID: 36144218 PMCID: PMC9501011 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfur mustard (HD) poses a serious threat due to its relatively simple production process. Exposure to HD in the short-term causes an inflammatory response, while long-term exposure results in DNA and RNA damage. Respiratory tract tissue models were exposed to relatively low concentrations of HD and collected at 3 and 24 h post exposure. Histology, cytokine ELISAs, and mass spectrometric-based analyses were performed. Histology and ELISA data confirmed previously seen lung damage and inflammatory markers from HD exposure. The multi-omic mass spectrometry data showed variation in proteins and metabolites associated with increased inflammation, as well as DNA and RNA damage. HD exposure causes DNA and RNA damage that results in variation of proteins and metabolites that are associated with transcription, translation and cellular energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Dhummakupt
- US Army, Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM) Chemical Biological Center, BioSciences Division, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Edgewood, MD 21010, USA
| | - Conor Jenkins
- US Army, Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM) Chemical Biological Center, BioSciences Division, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Edgewood, MD 21010, USA
| | - Gabrielle Rizzo
- US Army, Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM) Chemical Biological Center, BioSciences Division, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Edgewood, MD 21010, USA
| | | | | | - Amber Prugh
- US Army, Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM) Chemical Biological Center, BioSciences Division, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Edgewood, MD 21010, USA
| | - Jennifer Horsmon
- US Army, Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM) Chemical Biological Center, Threat Agent Sciences Division, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Edgewood, MD 21010, USA
| | - Julie Renner
- US Army, Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM) Chemical Biological Center, Threat Agent Sciences Division, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Edgewood, MD 21010, USA
| | - Daniel Angelini
- US Army, Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM) Chemical Biological Center, BioSciences Division, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Edgewood, MD 21010, USA
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Scuderi SA, Casili G, Lanza M, Ardizzone A, Pantaleo L, Campolo M, Paterniti I, Cucinotta L, Cuzzocrea S, Esposito E. Efficacy of a Product Containing Xyloglucan and Pea Protein on Intestinal Barrier Function in a Partial Restraint Stress Animal Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042269. [PMID: 35216383 PMCID: PMC8875977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional abdominal bloating and distension (FABD) are common and frequent symptoms in patients with pre-existing gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. FABD is characterized by recurrent abdominal fullness and bloating. The pathophysiology of FABD is still unclear. However, the plausible mechanisms involved are small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), imbalance of gut microbiota, visceral hypersensitivity, intestinal permeability alteration, and disruption of intestinal barrier function. Thus, the creation of a barrier on the wall of the intestine could represent an alternative therapeutic strategy to prevent FABD. This study aimed to investigate the effect of two natural substances, Xyloglucan (XG) and Pea-protein (PP), known for their mucosal-protective properties, in an in vivo model of Partial restraint-stress (PRS). Our results showed that the pre-treatment with a product containing XG and PP in stressed-rats was able to reduce the number of abdominal contractions and visceral hypersensitivity. Moreover, XG and PP were able to reduce intestinal permeability alteration, restoring tight-junctions (TJs) expression and decreased the lactulose–mannitol ratio, a quantitative marker used to measure intestinal permeability, compared to PRS-group. In conclusion, the data obtained revealed that the product containing XG and PP was able to restore the normal intestinal-barrier function; therefore, it could be considered a therapeutic strategy to manage FABD.
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Evaluating the Protective Properties of a Xyloglucan-Based Nasal Spray in a Mouse Model of Allergic Rhinitis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910472. [PMID: 34638811 PMCID: PMC8508723 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A breached nasal epithelial barrier plays an important role in driving allergic rhinitis (AR). Corticosteroids remain the standard of care (SoC) but come with side effects, thus alternative safe and effective treatments able to avoid inflammation and restore barrier integrity are needed. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the barrier-forming capacity of a xyloglucan-based nasal spray (XG) and compare its efficacy to several SoC treatments (corticosteroid spray, oral mast-cell stabilizer and oral antihistamine) in reducing allergic responses in addition to its effect when concomitantly administered with an antihistamine. An ovalbumin (OVA)-induced mouse AR model was used. XG shows a significant efficacy in reducing histological damage in AR mice; improves nasal rubbing and histamine-induced hyper-responsiveness. Total and OVA-specific IgE as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines are significantly reduced compared to OVA challenged-mice, with im-proved efficacy when used as an add-on treatment. However, XG reduces mucous secreting cells (PAS-positive) and mucin mRNA expression similar to the corticosteroid-treated mice. XG-spray maintains tight junction protein expression (ZO-1) and conversely decreases HDAC1 significantly; the latter being highly expressed in AR patients. Moreover, the concomitant treatment showed in all of the endpoints a similar efficacy to the corticosteroids. This innovative approach may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for nasal respiratory diseases like AR, reducing undesirable side effects and improving the quality of life in patients.
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Santos J, Musta V, Luca CM, Belei OA, Cambrea SC. Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of xyloglucan and gelose for the treatment of acute diarrhea in children. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 15:325-331. [PMID: 33028102 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2021.1833715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral rehydration is the main treatment of acute diarrhea in children. This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy and safety of xyloglucan and gelose (agar-agar) plus oral rehydration solution (ORS) compared with placebo and ORS for reduction of acute diarrhea symptoms in children. METHODS In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, children with acute gastroenteritis received xyloglucan/gelose plus ORS (n = 50) or placebo plus ORS (n = 50) for 5 days. Demographic, clinical, anthropometric and laboratory parameters were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS Xyloglucan/gelose plus ORS reduced the total number of type 7 and 6 stools on the Bristol Stool Form scale (p = 0.040 and p = 0.015, respectively, compared to placebo plus ORS), and had a rapid onset of action, evident 6 hours post-treatment. Xyloglucan/gelose plus ORS also improved associated clinical symptoms (apathy, vomiting, flatulence, and blood in stool). compared with placebo plus ORS. Except for a generalized rash of unknown causality in a patient receiving placebo plus ORS, all other adverse events (dehydration, n = 7, cough, n = 1, exacerbation of vomiting, n = 1) were deemed unrelated to study medication. CONCLUSIONS Xyloglucan/gelose plus ORS was effective and safe in treating acute diarrhea in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Santos
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR) , Barcelona, Spain.,Servei de Aparell Digestiu, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus , Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERHED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid, Spain.,Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Virgil Musta
- Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Timisoara
| | | | - Oana Andreea Belei
- First Pediatric Clinic, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Timisoara, Romania
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Baker JT, Duarte ME, Holanda DM, Kim SW. Friend or Foe? Impacts of Dietary Xylans, Xylooligosaccharides, and Xylanases on Intestinal Health and Growth Performance of Monogastric Animals. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:609. [PMID: 33652614 PMCID: PMC7996850 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper discusses the structural difference and role of xylan, procedures involved in the production of xylooligosaccharides (XOS), and their implementation into animal feeds. Xylan is non-starch polysaccharides that share a β-(1-4)-linked xylopyranose backbone as a common feature. Due to the myriad of residues that can be substituted on the polymers within the xylan family, more anti-nutritional factors are associated with certain types of xylan than others. XOS are sugar oligomers extracted from xylan-containing lignocellulosic materials, such as crop residues, wood, and herbaceous biomass, that possess prebiotic effects. XOS can also be produced in the intestine of monogastric animals to some extent when exogenous enzymes, such as xylanase, are added to the feed. Xylanase supplementation is a common practice within both swine and poultry production to reduce intestinal viscosity and improve digestive utilization of nutrients. The efficacy of xylanase supplementation varies widely due a number of factors, one of which being the presence of xylanase inhibitors present in common feedstuffs. The use of prebiotics in animal feeding is gaining popularity as producers look to accelerate growth rate, enhance intestinal health, and improve other production parameters in an attempt to provide a safe and sustainable food product. Available research on the impact of xylan, XOS, as well as xylanase on the growth and health of swine and poultry, is also summarized. The response to xylanase supplementation in swine and poultry feeds is highly variable and whether the benefits are a result of nutrient release from NSP, reduction in digesta viscosity, production of short chain xylooligosaccharides or a combination of these is still in question. XOS supplementation seems to benefit both swine and poultry at various stages of production, as well as varying levels of XOS purity and degree of polymerization; however, further research is needed to elucidate the ideal dosage, purity, and degree of polymerization needed to confer benefits on intestinal health and performance in each respective species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sung Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (J.T.B.); (M.E.D.); (D.M.H.)
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Ciliary beat frequency of in vitro human nasal epithelium measured with the simple high-speed microscopy is applicable for safety studies of nasal drug formulations. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 66:104865. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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12
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Woods A, Andrian T, Sharp G, Bicer EM, Vandera KKA, Patel A, Mudway I, Dailey LA, Forbes B. Development of new in vitro models of lung protease activity for investigating stability of inhaled biological therapies and drug delivery systems. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 146:64-72. [PMID: 31756380 PMCID: PMC6963770 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Proteases play a vital role in lung health and are critically important to the metabolic clearance of inhaled protein-based therapeutics after inhalation. Surprisingly little is known about lung fluid protease composition and there is a consequent lack of biorelevant experimental models, which limits research and development in the burgeoning field of inhaled biologics. The aim of this study was to quantify proteases in human lung fluid and to use this data to design novel in vitro experimental models of lung lining fluid possessing biorelevant lung protease activity for use in biopharmaceutical stability studies. As a proof of concept, these novel models were used to investigate the effect of proteolytic activity on the stability of albumin nanoparticles, a biologic nanoparticle formulation widely investigated as a pulmonary drug delivery system. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was collected from healthy human volunteers and proteomic analysis was used to quantify the predominant proteases. Based on these data, four new lung protease models were constructed based on: (i) trypsin as a sole protease, (ii) dipeptidyl peptidase IV, cathepsin D, cathepsin H, and angiotensin converting enzyme in ratio and concentration to mimic the protease concentration in healthy lungs. Neutrophil elastase was used to model protease activity in inflammation. Albumin nanoparticles of 100 nm diameter remained intact over 48 h in phosphate buffered saline, but were degraded more rapidly in trypsin (50% reduction in 10 min) compared to the healthy lung protease model (50% reduction in 150 min). The addition of neutrophil elastase to the healthy lung protease model resulted in a similar, but more variable degradation profile. Nanoparticle degradation was associated with concomitant appearance of small fragments and aggregates. In conclusion, we have characterised the protease concentration in the lungs of healthy humans, designed models of lung protease activity and demonstrated their utility in studying albumin nanoparticle degradation. These methods and models have wide application to study the influence of proteases in lung disease, expression of proteases in respiratory cell culture models, stability of peptide and protein-based drugs and inhaled drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arcadia Woods
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Teodora Andrian
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma Sharp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Elif Melis Bicer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom; MRC Centre for Environment and Health and NIHR-HPRU in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Kalliopi-Kelli A Vandera
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Ayasha Patel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Mudway
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health and NIHR-HPRU in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Lea Ann Dailey
- Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str.4, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Ben Forbes
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom.
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Piqué N, Berlanga M, Miñana-Galbis D. Health Benefits of Heat-Killed (Tyndallized) Probiotics: An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2534. [PMID: 31126033 PMCID: PMC6566317 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the oral use of probiotics is widespread. However, the safety profile with the use of live probiotics is still a matter of debate. Main risks include: Cases of systemic infections due to translocation, particularly in vulnerable patients and pediatric populations; acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes; or interference with gut colonization in neonates. To avoid these risks, there is an increasing interest in non-viable microorganisms or microbial cell extracts to be used as probiotics, mainly heat-killed (including tyndallized) probiotic bacteria (lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria). Heat-treated probiotic cells, cell-free supernatants, and purified key components are able to confer beneficial effects, mainly immunomodulatory effects, protection against enteropathogens, and maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity. At the clinical level, products containing tyndallized probiotic strains have had a role in gastrointestinal diseases, including bloating and infantile coli-in combination with mucosal protectors-and diarrhea. Heat-inactivated probiotics could also have a role in the management of dermatological or respiratory allergic diseases. The reviewed data indicate that heat-killed bacteria or their fractions or purified components have key probiotic effects, with advantages versus live probiotics (mainly their safety profile), positioning them as interesting strategies for the management of common prevalent conditions in a wide variety of patients´ characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Piqué
- Microbiology Section, Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària de la UB (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08921 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Mercedes Berlanga
- Microbiology Section, Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - David Miñana-Galbis
- Microbiology Section, Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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Cervena T, Vrbova K, Rossnerova A, Topinka J, Rossner P. Short-term and Long-term Exposure of the MucilAir™ Model to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Altern Lab Anim 2019; 47:9-18. [PMID: 31237164 DOI: 10.1177/0261192919841484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cells grown in monocultures are widely used to model lung tissue. As a result of these culture conditions, these cells exhibit poor morphological similarity to those present in in vivo lung tissue. MucilAir™, a 3-D in vitro model comprising human basal, goblet and ciliated cells, represents a fully differentiated respiratory epithelium that can be used as an alternative and a more realistic system. The aim of our study was to compare the effects of short-term and long-term exposure to two polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) - benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and 3-nitrobenzanthrone (3-NBA) - using MucilAir as a model of human lung tissue. Two concentrations (0.1 μM and 1 μM) were tested at three time points (24 hours, 7 days and 28 days). Several aspects were assessed: cytotoxicity (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release), integrity of the cell layer (transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER)), induction of oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species production) and changes in the expression of selected genes involved in PAH metabolism (CYP1A1 and AKR1C2) and the antioxidant response (ALDH3A1, SOD1, SOD2, GPX1, CAT, HMOX1 and TXNRD1). The results showed that exposure to B[a]P caused a spike in LDH release at day 5. Exposure to 3-NBA caused a number of spikes in LDH release, starting at day 5, and a decrease in TEER after 11 days. CYP1A1 gene expression was upregulated after the 7-day and 28-day B[a]P exposures, as well as after the 24-hour and 7-day 3-NBA exposures. HMOX1 and SOD1 were downregulated after both 24-hour PAH treatments. HMOX1 was upregulated after a 1-week exposure to 3-NBA. There were no significant changes in the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of AKR1C2, ALDH3A1, TXNRD1, SOD2, GPX1 or CAT. These results illustrate the potential use of this 3-D in vitro lung tissue model in studying the effects of chronic exposure to PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Cervena
- 1 Department of Genetic Toxicology and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,2 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Vrbova
- 1 Department of Genetic Toxicology and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Rossnerova
- 1 Department of Genetic Toxicology and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Topinka
- 1 Department of Genetic Toxicology and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Rossner
- 1 Department of Genetic Toxicology and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Mercier C, Jacqueroux E, He Z, Hodin S, Constant S, Perek N, Boudard D, Delavenne X. Pharmacological characterization of the 3D MucilAir™ nasal model. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 139:186-196. [PMID: 30951820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The preclinical evaluation of nasally administered drug candidates requires screening studies based on in vitro models of the nasal mucosa. The aim of this study was to evaluate the morpho-functional characteristics of the 3D MucilAir™ nasal model with a pharmacological focus on [ATP]-binding cassette (ABC) efflux transporters. We initially performed a phenotypic characterization of the MucilAir™ model and assessed its barrier properties by immunofluorescence (IF), protein mass spectrometry and examination of histological sections. We then focused on the functional expression of the ABC transporters P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance associated protein (MRP)1, MRP2 and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) in bidirectional transport experiments. The MucilAir™ model comprises a tight, polarized, pseudo-stratified nasal epithelium composed of fully differentiated ciliated, goblet and basal cells. These ABC transporters were all expressed by the cell membranes. P-gp and BCRP were both functional and capable of actively effluxing substrates. The MucilAir™ model could consequently represent a potent tool for evaluating the interaction of nasally administered drugs with ABC transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Mercier
- INSERM, U1059, Dysfonction Vasculaire et Hémostase, Saint-Etienne, France; Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne F-42023, France.
| | - Elodie Jacqueroux
- INSERM, U1059, Dysfonction Vasculaire et Hémostase, Saint-Etienne, France; Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne F-42023, France.
| | - Zhiguo He
- Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne F-42023, France; Laboratoire de biologie, d'ingénierie et d'imagerie de la greffe de cornée, BiiGC, EA2521 Saint-Etienne, France.
| | - Sophie Hodin
- INSERM, U1059, Dysfonction Vasculaire et Hémostase, Saint-Etienne, France; Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne F-42023, France.
| | - Samuel Constant
- Epithelix Sàrl, 14 chemin des aulx, CH-1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Nathalie Perek
- INSERM, U1059, Dysfonction Vasculaire et Hémostase, Saint-Etienne, France; Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne F-42023, France.
| | - Delphine Boudard
- INSERM, U1059, Dysfonction Vasculaire et Hémostase, Saint-Etienne, France; Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne F-42023, France; UF6725 Cytologie et Histologie Rénale, CHU de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France.
| | - Xavier Delavenne
- INSERM, U1059, Dysfonction Vasculaire et Hémostase, Saint-Etienne, France; Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne F-42023, France; Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Toxicologie Gaz du sang, CHU de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France.
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Heffler E, Brussino L, Del Giacco S, Paoletti G, Minciullo PL, Varricchi G, Scadding G, Malvezzi L, De Virgilio A, Spriano G, Puggioni F, Fornero M, Rolla G, Canonica GW. New drugs in early-stage clinical trials for allergic rhinitis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2019; 28:267-273. [PMID: 30676119 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2019.1571581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Allergic rhinitis (AR) is the most common allergic disease, and it has a relevant impact on the quality of life of the patient. Treatment of AR includes a combination of strategies of proven efficacy and effectiveness; however, a relevant proportion of patients remain uncontrolled. AREAS COVERED This review article summarizes emerging therapeutic approaches to AR; these approaches include nasal sprays, oral drugs, alternative allergen immunotherapy administration routes, and biologic agents. EXPERT OPINION The agents discussed require further clinical trials to prove their efficacy in the treatment of AR. Some of these agents, in particular, allergen immunotherapies and biologics, have the potential to form crucial precision medicine approaches to AR. Those that prove their efficacy in clinical trials must also be evaluated from a pharmacoeconomic perspective, possibly in real-life studies; this will define which therapeutic strategies achieve the most convenient and cost-effective ratio, thus yielding a novel opportunity for the most severe and previously treatment-resistant allergic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Heffler
- a Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy , Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS , Rozzano , Italy.,b Department of Biomedical Sciences , Humanitas University , Pieve Emanuele , Italy
| | - Luisa Brussino
- c Department of Medical Science, Allergy and Clinical Immunology , University of Torino & AO Ordine Mauriziano Umberto I , Torino , Italy
| | - Stefano Del Giacco
- d Department of Medical Sciences 'M. Aresu,' Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit , University of Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy
| | - Giovanni Paoletti
- b Department of Biomedical Sciences , Humanitas University , Pieve Emanuele , Italy
| | - Paola Lucia Minciullo
- e Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology , University Hospital 'G. Martino' , Messina , Italy
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- f Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology , University of Napoli Federico II , Napoli , Italy
| | - Guy Scadding
- g Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Division of Respiratory Science , National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, Royal Brompton Hospital , London , UK
| | - Luca Malvezzi
- h Department of Otorhinolaryngology , Humanitas Research Hospital - IRCCS , Rozzano , Italy
| | - Armando De Virgilio
- h Department of Otorhinolaryngology , Humanitas Research Hospital - IRCCS , Rozzano , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spriano
- b Department of Biomedical Sciences , Humanitas University , Pieve Emanuele , Italy.,h Department of Otorhinolaryngology , Humanitas Research Hospital - IRCCS , Rozzano , Italy
| | - Francesca Puggioni
- a Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy , Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS , Rozzano , Italy.,b Department of Biomedical Sciences , Humanitas University , Pieve Emanuele , Italy
| | - Monica Fornero
- c Department of Medical Science, Allergy and Clinical Immunology , University of Torino & AO Ordine Mauriziano Umberto I , Torino , Italy
| | - Giovanni Rolla
- c Department of Medical Science, Allergy and Clinical Immunology , University of Torino & AO Ordine Mauriziano Umberto I , Torino , Italy
| | - Giorgio Walter Canonica
- a Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy , Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS , Rozzano , Italy.,b Department of Biomedical Sciences , Humanitas University , Pieve Emanuele , Italy
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Piqué N, De Servi B. Rhinosectan ® spray (containing xyloglucan) on the ciliary function of the nasal respiratory epithelium; results of an in vitro study. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2018; 14:41. [PMID: 30337943 PMCID: PMC6174573 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-018-0268-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To assess the effects of Rhinosectan® spray, a medical device containing xyloglucan, on nasal ciliary function (in MucilAir™Nasal cells). Methods MucilAir™Nasal, a three-dimensional organotypic airway tissue model (with different cell types), was treated with Rhinosectan® (30 µl) or with a control (saline solution). The effects of Rhinosectan® were evaluated at 15 and 60 min post-exposure by: measurement of the cilia beating frequency (Hz), mucin detection (Enzyme-Linked Lectin Assay—ELLA), mucociliary clearance (µm/s) and phagocytosis assay (fluorescence). Results Exposure of MucilAir™ to Rhinosectan® did not alter the cilia beating frequency at 15 and 60 min post-exposure (diluted and undiluted). Exposure to Rhinosectan® (undiluted) during 60 min increased mucociliary clearance (93.3 ± 2.1 µm/s vs. 80.9 ± 1.8 µm/s; p < 0.01) and phagocytic activity (1.89-fold increase) in comparison with saline solution. Moreover, a significant decrease in mucin concentration was observed after 15 min of exposure (171.4 ng/ml vs. 306.5 ng/ml; p < 0.01) and at 60 min post-treatment (242.7 ng/ml vs. 339 ng/ml; p < 0.05). Conclusions The application of Rhinosectan® to nasal epithelial cells does not impair ciliary movement, enhances mucociliary clearance and facilitates phagocytosis while reducing mucin secretion, which are optimal properties for the management of rhinitis and associated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Piqué
- 1Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Pharmacy Faculty, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Diagonal Sud, Facultat de Farmàcia, Edifici A, Av Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,2Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària de la UB (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Combining MucilAir™ and Vitrocell ® Powder Chamber for the In Vitro Evaluation of Nasal Ointments in the Context of Aerosolized Pollen. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10020056. [PMID: 29747472 PMCID: PMC6027377 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10020056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hay fever is notoriously triggered when nasal mucosa is exposed to allergenic pollen. One possibility to overcome this pollen exposure may be the application of an ointment with physical protective effects. In this context, we have investigated Bepanthen® Eye and Nose Ointment and the ointment basis petrolatum as reference while using contemporary in vitro techniques. Pollen from false ragweed (Iva xanthiifolia) was used as an allergy-causing model deposited as aerosol using the Vitrocell® Powder Chamber (VPC) on Transwell® inserts, while being coated with either Bepanthen® Eye and Nose Ointment and petrolatum. No pollen penetration into ointments was observed upon confocal scanning laser microscopy during an incubation period of 2 h at 37 °C. The cellular response was further investigated by integrating the MucilAir™ cell system in the VPC and by applying pollen to Bepanthen® Eye and Nose Ointment covered cell cultures. For comparison, MucilAir™ were stimulated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS). No increased cytokine release of IL-6, TNF-α, or IL-8 was found after 4 h of pollen exposure, which demonstrates the safety of such ointments. Since nasal ointments act as a physical barrier against pollen, such preparations might support the prevention and management of hay fever.
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Piqué N, Gómez-Guillén MDC, Montero MP. Xyloglucan, a Plant Polymer with Barrier Protective Properties over the Mucous Membranes: An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E673. [PMID: 29495535 PMCID: PMC5877534 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the epithelial barrier function has been recently associated with a variety of diseases, mainly at intestinal level, but also affecting the respiratory epithelium and other mucosal barriers. Non-pharmacological approaches such as xyloglucan, with demonstrated protective barrier properties, are proposed as new alternatives for the management of a wide range of diseases, for which mucosal disruption and, particularly, tight junction alterations, is a common characteristic. Xyloglucan, a natural polysaccharide derived from tamarind seeds, possesses a "mucin-like" molecular structure that confers mucoadhesive properties, allowing xyloglucan formulations to act as a barrier capable of reducing bacterial adherence and invasion and to preserve tight junctions and paracellular flux, as observed in different in vitro and in vivo studies. In clinical trials, xyloglucan has been seen to reduce symptoms of gastroenteritis in adults and children, nasal disorders and dry eye syndrome. Similar mucosal protectors containing reticulated proteins have also been useful for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome and urinary tract infections. The role of xyloglucan in other disorders with mucosal disruption, such as dermatological or other infectious diseases, deserves further research. In conclusion, xyloglucan, endowed with film-forming protective barrier properties, is a safe non-pharmacological alternative for the management of different diseases, such as gastrointestinal and nasal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Piqué
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Pharmacy Faculty, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Diagonal Sud, Facultat de Farmàcia, Edifici A, Av Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària de la UB (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08921 Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - María Pilar Montero
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Abstract
The use of human organotypic models for biomedical research is experiencing a significant increase due to their biological relevance, the possibility to perform high-throughput analyses, and their cost efficiency. In the field of anti-infective research, comprising the search for novel antipathogenic treatments including vaccines, efforts have been made to reduce the use of animal models. That is due to two main reasons: unreliability of data obtained with animal models and the increasing willingness to reduce the use of animals in research for ethical reasons. Human three-dimensional (3-D) models may substitute and/or complement in vivo studies, to increase the translational value of preclinical data. Here, we provide an overview of recent studies utilizing human organotypic models, resembling features of the cervix, intestine, lungs, brain, and skin in the context of anti-infective research. Furthermore, we focus on the future applications of human skin models and present methodological protocols to culture human skin equivalents and human skin explants.
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