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Huang ZQ, Liu J, Sun LY, Ong HH, Ye J, Xu Y, Wang DY. Updated epithelial barrier dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis: Targeting pathophysiology and treatment response of tight junctions. Allergy 2024. [PMID: 38372149 DOI: 10.1111/all.16064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Tight junction (TJ) proteins establish a physical barrier between epithelial cells, playing a crucial role in maintaining tissue homeostasis by safeguarding host tissues against pathogens, allergens, antigens, irritants, etc. Recently, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that abnormal expression of TJs plays an essential role in the development and progression of inflammatory airway diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, allergic rhinitis, and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with or without nasal polyps. Among them, CRS with nasal polyps is a prevalent chronic inflammatory disease that affects the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, leading to a poor prognosis and significantly impacting patients' quality of life. Its pathogenesis primarily involves dysfunction of the nasal epithelial barrier, impaired mucociliary clearance, disordered immune response, and excessive tissue remodeling. Numerous studies have elucidated the pivotal role of TJs in both the pathogenesis and response to traditional therapies in CRS. We therefore to review and discuss potential factors contributing to impair and repair of TJs in the nasal epithelium based on their structure, function, and formation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qun Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li-Ying Sun
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hsiao Hui Ong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - De-Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
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Vasconez Martinez MG, Reihs EI, Stuetz HM, Hafner A, Brandauer K, Selinger F, Schuller P, Bastus N, Puntes V, Frank J, Tomischko W, Frauenlob M, Ertl P, Resch C, Bauer G, Povoden G, Rothbauer M. Using Rapid Prototyping to Develop a Cell-Based Platform with Electrical Impedance Sensor Membranes for In Vitro RPMI2650 Nasal Nanotoxicology Monitoring. Biosensors (Basel) 2024; 14:107. [PMID: 38392026 PMCID: PMC10886737 DOI: 10.3390/bios14020107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Due to advances in additive manufacturing and prototyping, affordable and rapid microfluidic sensor-integrated assays can be fabricated using additive manufacturing, xurography and electrode shadow masking to create versatile platform technologies aimed toward qualitative assessment of acute cytotoxic or cytolytic events using stand-alone biochip platforms in the context of environmental risk assessment. In the current study, we established a nasal mucosa biosensing platform using RPMI2650 mucosa cells inside a membrane-integrated impedance-sensing biochip using exclusively rapid prototyping technologies. In a final proof-of-concept, we applied this biosensing platform to create human cell models of nasal mucosa for monitoring the acute cytotoxic effect of zinc oxide reference nanoparticles. Our data generated with the biochip platform successfully monitored the acute toxicity and cytolytic activity of 6 mM zinc oxide nanoparticles, which was non-invasively monitored as a negative impedance slope on nasal epithelial models, demonstrating the feasibility of rapid prototyping technologies such as additive manufacturing and xurography for cell-based platform development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateo Gabriel Vasconez Martinez
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Technische Universitaet Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (M.G.V.M.); (E.I.R.); (K.B.); (P.S.); (M.F.); (P.E.)
| | - Eva I. Reihs
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Technische Universitaet Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (M.G.V.M.); (E.I.R.); (K.B.); (P.S.); (M.F.); (P.E.)
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-22, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Helene M. Stuetz
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Technische Universitaet Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (M.G.V.M.); (E.I.R.); (K.B.); (P.S.); (M.F.); (P.E.)
| | - Astrid Hafner
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Technische Universitaet Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (M.G.V.M.); (E.I.R.); (K.B.); (P.S.); (M.F.); (P.E.)
| | - Konstanze Brandauer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Technische Universitaet Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (M.G.V.M.); (E.I.R.); (K.B.); (P.S.); (M.F.); (P.E.)
| | - Florian Selinger
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Technische Universitaet Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (M.G.V.M.); (E.I.R.); (K.B.); (P.S.); (M.F.); (P.E.)
| | - Patrick Schuller
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Technische Universitaet Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (M.G.V.M.); (E.I.R.); (K.B.); (P.S.); (M.F.); (P.E.)
| | - Neus Bastus
- Catalan Institute of Nanotechnology, UAB Campus, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (N.B.); (V.P.)
| | - Victor Puntes
- Catalan Institute of Nanotechnology, UAB Campus, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (N.B.); (V.P.)
| | - Johannes Frank
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (J.F.); (W.T.)
| | - Wolfgang Tomischko
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (J.F.); (W.T.)
| | - Martin Frauenlob
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Technische Universitaet Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (M.G.V.M.); (E.I.R.); (K.B.); (P.S.); (M.F.); (P.E.)
| | - Peter Ertl
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Technische Universitaet Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (M.G.V.M.); (E.I.R.); (K.B.); (P.S.); (M.F.); (P.E.)
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (J.F.); (W.T.)
| | - Christian Resch
- Science, Research, and Development Division, Austrian Federal Ministry of Defence, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald Bauer
- Science, Research, and Development Division, Austrian Federal Ministry of Defence, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- CBRN-Defence-Centre, Austrian Armed Forces, 2100 Korneuburg, Austria
| | - Guenter Povoden
- CBRN-Defence-Centre, Austrian Armed Forces, 2100 Korneuburg, Austria
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Department for Legal Philosophy, Law of Religion and Culture, University Vienna, Freyung 6, 1010 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), IFA Building 1, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Mario Rothbauer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Technische Universitaet Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (M.G.V.M.); (E.I.R.); (K.B.); (P.S.); (M.F.); (P.E.)
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-22, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Brownell J, Lee KE, Chasman D, Gangnon R, Bendixsen CG, Barnes K, Grindle K, Pappas T, Bochkov YA, Dresen A, Hou C, Haslam DB, Seroogy CM, Ong IM, Gern JE. Farm animal exposure, respiratory illnesses, and nasal cell gene expression. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024:S0091-6749(24)00122-2. [PMID: 38309597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Farm exposures in early life reduce the risks for childhood allergic diseases and asthma. There is less information about how farm exposures relate to respiratory illnesses and mucosal immune development. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that children raised in farm environments have a lower incidence of respiratory illnesses over the first 2 years of life than nonfarm children. We also analyzed whether farm exposures or respiratory illnesses were related to patterns of nasal cell gene expression. METHODS The Wisconsin Infant Study Cohort included farm (n = 156) and nonfarm (n = 155) families with children followed to age 2 years. Parents reported prenatal farm and other environmental exposures. Illness frequency and severity were assessed using illness diaries and periodic surveys. Nasopharyngeal cell gene expression in a subset of 64 children at age 2 years was compared to farm exposure and respiratory illness history. RESULTS Farm versus nonfarm children had nominally lower rates of respiratory illnesses (rate ratio 0.82 [95% CI, 0.69, 0.97]) with a stepwise reduction in illness rates in children exposed to 0, 1, or ≥2 animal species, but these trends were nonsignificant in a multivariable model. Farm exposures and preceding respiratory illnesses were positively related to nasal cell gene signatures for mononuclear cells and innate and antimicrobial responses. CONCLUSIONS Maternal and infant exposure to farms and farm animals was associated with nonsignificant trends for reduced respiratory illnesses. Nasal cell gene expression in a subset of children suggests that farm exposures and respiratory illnesses in early life are associated with distinct patterns of mucosal immune expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Brownell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis
| | - Kristine E Lee
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis
| | - Deborah Chasman
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis
| | - Ronald Gangnon
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis
| | - Casper G Bendixsen
- National Farm Medicine Center, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, Wis
| | - Katherine Barnes
- National Farm Medicine Center, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, Wis
| | - Kristine Grindle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis
| | - Tressa Pappas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis
| | - Yury A Bochkov
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis
| | - Amy Dresen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis
| | - Christine Hou
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison
| | - David B Haslam
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | - Irene M Ong
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis
| | - James E Gern
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis.
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Zhong B, Sun S, Tan KS, Ong HH, Du J, Liu F, Liu Y, Liu S, Ba L, Li J, Wang DY, Liu J. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α activates the NLRP3 inflammasome to regulate epithelial differentiation in chronic rhinosinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:1444-1459.e14. [PMID: 37777019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an upper airway inflammation disease associated with hypoxia-mediated inflammation. The effect of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) on NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation in the pathogenesis of sinonasal mucosa is unclear. OBJECTIVE We investigated the effect and mechanism of HIF-1α on NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the primary human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs). METHODS We measured the expression levels of HIF-1α and the NLRP3 inflammasome in nasal biopsy samples and hNECs derived from negative controls (healthy) and patients with CRS with and without nasal polyps, then further analyzed the specific mechanism of HIF-1α regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and its effect on hNEC differentiation. RESULTS Increased mRNA and protein expression levels of HIF-1α and the NLRP3 inflammasome were found in all CRS biopsy samples. HIF-1α enhanced expression of phosphorylated NLRP3 (S295) in both HEK293T cells and hNECs; it also promoted recruitment of caspase-1 and apoptotic speck-like protein containing caspase recruitment domain (aka ASC) by NLRP3. HIF-1α also improved NLRP3's stability by preventing NLRP3 degradation caused by hypoxia-mediated inflammation. In addition, HIF-1α could also increase expression of Mucin5AC and decrease expression of α-tubulin by promoting activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in hNECs. In addition, HIF-1α could also directly promote P63 expression in hNECs. CONCLUSION HIF-1α could potentially induce cilia loss and enhance the proliferation of goblet cells, possibly mediated by the regulation of NLRP3 phosphorylation in CRS inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhong
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Silu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kai Sen Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Biosafety Level 3 Core Facility, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hsiao Hui Ong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore; Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jintao Du
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yafeng Liu
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shixi Liu
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Luo Ba
- Department of Otolaryngology, People's Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - De Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore; Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore; Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Hangjin L, Junting Y, Yiqin W, Hui Q, Shen Y, Jizhe W. Culture expansion of primary human nasal epithelial cells (NEC) isolated with a nasal scraping spoon. J Int Med Res 2023; 51:3000605231207759. [PMID: 37917806 PMCID: PMC10623993 DOI: 10.1177/03000605231207759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To obtain high-purity nasal epithelial cells (NEC) while avoiding the irritation experienced by patients during nasal biopsies. METHODS This prospective, observational study enrolled patients undergoing surgical treatment for nasal septum deviation. After general anaesthesia, a novel nasal scraping spoon was used to collect epithelial cells from the mid-part of the inferior turbinate. The cells were evenly plated on six-well plates coated with rat tail collagen. The morphology and growth of the cells were observed at different time-points using an inverted phase-contrast microscope. Immunofluorescent staining of cytokeratin 18 was used to identify NEC. Ki67 staining was used to check cell viability. RESULTS This study collected samples from 19 patients during a short procedure. No postoperative complications were observed. Cell samples ranging from 8.31 × 105 to 2.04 × 106 cells/sample were obtained. The culture model was suitable for primary NEC culture as demonstrated by the faster proliferation (5-7 days). There was no fungal or bacterial contamination. Immunofluorescent staining confirmed the presence and proliferative activity of NEC in the cultures. CONCLUSION A novel nasal scraping spoon provided an easy sampling method, avoided nasal injuries and psychological barriers to sampling and sufficient viable NEC to establish primary cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hangjin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yin Junting
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wang Yiqin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qu Hui
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yu Shen
- Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wang Jizhe
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
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Deniz Derman I, Yeo M, Castaneda DC, Callender M, Horvath M, Mo Z, Xiong R, Fleming E, Chen P, Peeples ME, Palucka K, Oh J, Ozbolat IT. High-throughput bioprinting of the nasal epithelium using patient-derived nasal epithelial cells. Biofabrication 2023; 15:044103. [PMID: 37536321 PMCID: PMC10424246 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aced23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Progenitor human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) are an essential cell source for the reconstruction of the respiratory pseudostratified columnar epithelium composed of multiple cell types in the context of infection studies and disease modeling. Hitherto, manual seeding has been the dominant method for creating nasal epithelial tissue models through biofabrication. However, this approach has limitations in terms of achieving the intricate three-dimensional (3D) structure of the natural nasal epithelium. 3D bioprinting has been utilized to reconstruct various epithelial tissue models, such as cutaneous, intestinal, alveolar, and bronchial epithelium, but there has been no attempt to use of 3D bioprinting technologies for reconstruction of the nasal epithelium. In this study, for the first time, we demonstrate the reconstruction of the nasal epithelium with the use of primary hNECs deposited on Transwell inserts via droplet-based bioprinting (DBB), which enabled high-throughput fabrication of the nasal epithelium in Transwell inserts of 24-well plates. DBB of progenitor hNECs ranging from one-tenth to one-half of the cell seeding density employed during the conventional cell seeding approach enabled a high degree of differentiation with the presence of cilia and tight-junctions over a 4 weeks air-liquid interface culture. Single cell RNA sequencing of these cultures identified five major epithelial cells populations, including basal, suprabasal, goblet, club, and ciliated cells. These cultures recapitulated the pseudostratified columnar epithelial architecture present in the native nasal epithelium and were permissive to respiratory virus infection. These results denote the potential of 3D bioprinting for high-throughput fabrication of nasal epithelial tissue models not only for infection studies but also for other purposes, such as disease modeling, immunological studies, and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Deniz Derman
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
| | - Miji Yeo
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
| | | | - Megan Callender
- The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, CT 06032, United States of America
| | - Mian Horvath
- The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, CT 06032, United States of America
| | - Zengshuo Mo
- The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, CT 06032, United States of America
| | - Ruoyun Xiong
- The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, CT 06032, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Fleming
- The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, CT 06032, United States of America
| | - Phylip Chen
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, United States of America
| | - Mark E Peeples
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
- Infectious Disease Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
| | - Karolina Palucka
- The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, CT 06032, United States of America
| | - Julia Oh
- The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, CT 06032, United States of America
| | - Ibrahim T Ozbolat
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
- Materials Research Institute, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
- Cancer Institute, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
- Neurosurgery Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
- Biotechnology Research and Application Center, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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7
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Fawcett LK, Turgutoglu N, Allan KM, Belessis Y, Widger J, Jaffe A, Waters SA. Comparing Cytology Brushes for Optimal Human Nasal Epithelial Cell Collection: Implications for Airway Disease Diagnosis and Research. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13050864. [PMID: 37241034 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13050864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary nasal epithelial cells and culture models are used as important diagnostic, research and drug development tools for several airway diseases. Various instruments have been used for the collection of human nasal epithelial (HNE) cells but no global consensus yet exists regarding the optimal tool. This study compares the efficiency of two cytology brushes (Olympus (2 mm diameter) and Endoscan (8 mm diameter)) in collecting HNE cells. The study involved two phases, with phase one comparing the yield, morphology and cilia beat frequency (CBF) of cells collected from paediatric participants using each of the two brushes. Phase two compared nasal brushing under general anaesthetic and in the awake state, across a wide age range, via the retrospective audit of the use of the Endoscan brush in 145 participants. Results indicated no significant difference in CBF measurements between the two brushes, suggesting that the choice of brush does not compromise diagnostic accuracy. However, the Endoscan brush collected significantly more total and live cells than the Olympus brush, making it a more efficient option. Importantly, the Endoscan brush is more cost-effective, with a notable price difference between the two brushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Fawcett
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Nihan Turgutoglu
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Katelin M Allan
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Yvonne Belessis
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - John Widger
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Adam Jaffe
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Shafagh A Waters
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Resnick JD, Beer MA, Pekosz A. Early Transcriptional Responses of Human Nasal Epithelial Cells to Infection with Influenza A and SARS-CoV-2 Virus Differ and Are Influenced by Physiological Temperature. Pathogens 2023; 12:480. [PMID: 36986402 PMCID: PMC10051809 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12030480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A (IAV) and SARS-CoV-2 (SCV2) viruses represent an ongoing threat to public health. Both viruses target the respiratory tract, which consists of a gradient of cell types, receptor expression, and temperature. Environmental temperature has been an understudied contributor to infection susceptibility and understanding its impact on host responses to infection could help uncover new insight into severe disease risk factors. As the nasal passageways are the initial site of respiratory virus infection, in this study we investigated the effect of temperature on host responses in human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) utilizing IAV and SCV2 in vitro infection models. We demonstrate that temperature affected SCV2, but not IAV, viral replicative fitness and that SCV2-infected cultures were slower to mount an infection-induced response, likely due to suppression by the virus. Additionally, we show that that temperature not only changed the basal transcriptomic landscape of epithelial cells, but that it also impacted the response to infection. The induction of interferon and other innate immune responses was not drastically affected by temperature, suggesting that while the baseline antiviral response at different temperatures remained consistent, there may be metabolic or signaling changes that affect how well the cultures were able to adapt to new pressures, such as infection. Finally, we show that hNECs responded differently to IAV and SCV2 infection in ways that give insight into how the virus is able to manipulate the cell to allow for replication and release. Taken together, these data give new insight into the innate immune response to respiratory infections and can assist in identifying new treatment strategies for respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica D. Resnick
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Michael A. Beer
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Andrew Pekosz
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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9
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Resnick JD, Beer MA, Pekosz A. Early transcriptional responses of human nasal epithelial cells to infection with Influenza A and SARS-CoV-2 virus differ and are influenced by physiological temperature. bioRxiv 2023:2023.03.07.531609. [PMID: 36945583 PMCID: PMC10028862 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.07.531609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A (IAV) and SARS-CoV-2 (SCV2) viruses represent an ongoing threat to public health. Both viruses target the respiratory tract, which consists of a gradient of cell types, receptor expression, and temperature. Environmental temperature has been an un-derstudied contributor to infection susceptibility and understanding its impact on host responses to infection could help uncover new insights into severe disease risk factors. As the nasal passageways are the initial site of respiratory virus infection, in this study we investigated the effect of temperature on host responses in human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) utilizing IAV and SCV2 in vitro infection models. We demonstrate that temperature affects SCV2, but not IAV, viral replicative fitness and that SCV2 infected cultures are slower to mount an infection-induced response, likely due to suppression by the virus. Additionally, we show that that temperature not only changes the basal transcriptomic landscape of epithelial cells, but that it also impacts the response to infection. The induction of interferon and other innate immune responses were not drastically affected by temperature, suggesting that while the baseline antiviral response at different temperatures remains consistent, there may be metabolic or signaling changes that affect how well the cultures are able to adapt to new pressures such as infection. Finally, we show that hNECs respond differently to IAV and SCV2 infection in ways that give insight into how the virus is able to manipulate the cell to allow for replication and release. Taken together, these data give new insight into the innate immune response to respiratory infections and can assist in identifying new treatment strategies for respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica D Resnick
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- McKusick- Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael A Beer
- McKusick- Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew Pekosz
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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10
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Huong TN, Ravi Iyer L, Lui J, Wang DY, Tan BH, Sugrue RJ. The respiratory syncytial virus SH protein is incorporated into infectious virus particles that form on virus-infected cells. Virology 2023; 580:28-40. [PMID: 36746062 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The association of the SH protein with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) particles was examined in HEp2 cells and human ciliated nasal epithelial cells. Imaging of infected cells demonstrated the presence of the SH protein in virus filaments, and analysis of purified RSV particles revealed a SH protein species whose size was consistent with the glycosylated SH protein. Although the SH protein was detected in virus filaments it was not required for virus filament formation. Analysis of RSV-infected ciliated cells also revealed that the SH protein was trafficked into the cilia, and this correlated with reduced cilia density on these cells. Reduced cilia loss was not observed on ciliated cells infected with a RSV isolate that failed to express the SH protein. These data provide direct evidence that the SH protein is trafficked into virus particles, and suggests that the SH protein may also promote cilia dysfunction on nasal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tra Nguyen Huong
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Republic of Singapore
| | - Laxmi Ravi Iyer
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jing Lui
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Republic of Singapore
| | - De Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Republic of Singapore
| | - Boon Huan Tan
- Biological Defence Program, DSO National Laboratories, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117510, Republic of Singapore; LKC School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Republic of Singapore
| | - Richard J Sugrue
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Republic of Singapore.
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11
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Yao J, Kong Q, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wang Q. Mechanism of Kruppel-Like Factor 4 in Pyroptosis of Nasal Mucosal Epithelial Cells in Mice With Allergic Rhinitis. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2023; 37:337-347. [PMID: 36799547 DOI: 10.1177/19458924221148568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic nasal inflammation, characterized by nasal epithelial dysfunction. Gene therapy targeting transcription factors is a promising strategy for quenching allergic inflammation, including AR. OBJECTIVE This study sought to probe the mechanism of Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) in pyroptosis of nasal mucosal epithelial cells (NEpCs) in AR mice and provide targets for AR treatment. METHODS AR mouse models were established using sensitization with ovalbumin, followed by injection with short hairpin RNA KLF4 (sh-KLF4). AR symptoms were assessed by the times of sneezing and nose rubbing, hematoxylin-eosin, and periodic acid-Schiff staining. Levels of KLF4, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), cleaved caspase-1, and N-terminal domain (GSDMD-N) in nasal mucosal tissues were determined by Western blot assay, and levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 in nasal lavage fluid were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The binding of KLF4 to the NLRP3 promoter was verified using chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase assays. The functional rescue experiment was performed with oe-NLRP3 and sh-KLF4 in AR mice. RESULTS KLF4 was upregulated in nasal mucosal tissues of AR mice. KLF4 inhibition reduced the times of sneezing and nose rubbing, inflammatory cell infiltration, and goblet cell hyperplasia in nasal mucosal tissues, and levels of NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, GSDMD-N, IL-1β, and IL-18. KLF4 was enriched on the NLRP3 promoter and improved NLRP3 expression. NLRP3 overexpression reversed the inhibition of sh-KLF4 on pyroptosis of NEpCs in AR mice. CONCLUSION KLF4 bound to the NLRP3 promoter and promoted pyroptosis of NEpCs in AR mice via activating NLRP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoli Yao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shanxi children's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qingfeng Kong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shanxi children's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shanxi children's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yanting Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Key Research Laboratory of Airway Neuroimmunology, Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qinxue Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shanxi children's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
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12
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Wang BF, Cao PP, Norton JE, Poposki JA, Klingler AI, Suh LA, Carter R, Huang JH, Bai J, Stevens WW, Tan BK, Peters AT, Grammer LC, Conley DB, Welch KC, Liu Z, Kern RC, Kato A, Schleimer RP. Evidence that oncostatin M synergizes with IL-4 signaling to induce TSLP expression in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:1379-1390.e11. [PMID: 36623776 PMCID: PMC10164690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oncostatin M (OSM) may promote type 2 inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) by inducing thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). OBJECTIVE We sought to study the impact of OSM on TSLP synthesis and release from nasal epithelial cells (NECs). METHODS OSM receptors, IL-4 receptors (IL-4R), and TSLP were evaluated in mucosal tissue and primary NECs from patients with CRSwNP by quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence. Air-liquid interface-cultured NECs were stimulated with cytokines, including OSM, and quantitative PCR, ELISA, Western blot, and flow cytometry were used to assess the expression of OSM receptors, IL-4R, and TSLP. RESULTS Increased levels of OSM receptor β chain (OSMRβ), IL-4Rα, and TSLP were observed in nasal polyp tissues and primary epithelial cells from nasal polyps of patients with CRSwNP compared with control tissues or cells from control subjects. The level of expression of OSMRβ in tissue was correlated with levels of both IL-4Rα and TSLP. OSM stimulation of NECs increased the expression of OSMRβ and IL-4Rα. Stimulation with IL-4 plus OSM augmented the production of TSLP; the response was suppressed by a signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 inhibitor. Stimulation of NECs with IL-4 plus OSM increased the expression of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 3, an enzyme that truncates and activates TSLP. CONCLUSIONS OSM increases the expression of IL-4Rα and synergizes with IL-4 to induce the synthesis and release of TSLP in NECs. Because the combination of IL-4 and OSM also augmented the expression of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 3, these results suggest that OSM can induce both synthesis and posttranslational processing/activation of TSLP, promoting type 2 inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Feng Wang
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping-Ping Cao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - James E Norton
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Julie A Poposki
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Aiko I Klingler
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Lydia A Suh
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Roderick Carter
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Julia H Huang
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Junqin Bai
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Whitney W Stevens
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Bruce K Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Anju T Peters
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Leslie C Grammer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - David B Conley
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Kevin C Welch
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Robert C Kern
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Robert P Schleimer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.
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Lee LYY, Suryadinata R, McCafferty C, Ignjatovic V, Purcell DFJ, Robinson P, Morton CJ, Parker MW, Anderson GP, Monagle P, Subbarao K, Neil JA. Heparin Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Replication in Human Nasal Epithelial Cells. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122620. [PMID: 36560624 PMCID: PMC9785945 DOI: 10.3390/v14122620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccination, supported by social and public health measures, has proven efficacious for reducing disease severity and virus spread. However, the emergence of highly transmissible viral variants that escape prior immunity highlights the need for additional mitigation approaches. Heparin binds the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and can inhibit virus entry and replication in susceptible human cell lines and bronchial epithelial cells. Primary infection predominantly occurs via the nasal epithelium, but the nasal cell biology of SARS-CoV-2 is not well studied. We hypothesized that prophylactic intranasal administration of heparin may provide strain-agnostic protection for household contacts or those in high-risk settings against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, we investigated the ability of heparin to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication in differentiated human nasal epithelial cells and showed that prolonged exposure to heparin inhibits virus infection. Furthermore, we establish a method for PCR detection of SARS-CoV-2 viral genomes in heparin-treated samples that can be adapted for the detection of viruses in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Yi Yang Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Randy Suryadinata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Conor McCafferty
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Haematology, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Vera Ignjatovic
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Damian F. J. Purcell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Phil Robinson
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Craig J. Morton
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Michael W. Parker
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Gary P. Anderson
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Paul Monagle
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Haematology, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Jessica A. Neil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
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14
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Suzuki M, Cooksley C, Suzuki T, Ramezanpour M, Nakazono A, Nakamaru Y, Homma A, Vreugde S. TLR Signals in Epithelial Cells in the Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses. Front Allergy 2022; 2:780425. [PMID: 35387020 PMCID: PMC8974762 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2021.780425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The respiratory tract is constantly at risk of invasion by microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. In particular, the mucosal epithelium of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is at the very forefront of the battles between the host and the invading pathogens. Recent studies have revealed that the epithelium not only constitutes a physical barrier but also takes an essential role in the activation of the immune system. One of the mechanisms equipped in the epithelium to fight against microorganisms is the Toll-like receptor (TLR) response. TLRs recognize common structural components of microorganisms and activate the innate immune system, resulting in the production of a plethora of cytokines and chemokines in the response against microbes. As the epithelia-derived cytokines are deeply involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory conditions in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, such as chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and allergic rhinitis (AR), the molecules involved in the TLR response may be utilized as therapeutic targets for these diseases. There are several differences in the TLR response between nasal and bronchial epithelial cells, and knowledge of the TLR signals in the upper airway is sparse compared to that in the lower airway. In this review, we provide recent evidence on TLR signaling in the upper airway, focusing on the expression, regulation, and responsiveness of TLRs in human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs). We also discuss how TLRs in the epithelium are involved in the pathogenesis of, and possible therapeutic targeting, for CRS and AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Suzuki
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Clare Cooksley
- Department of Surgery-Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Central Adelaide Local Health Network and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Takayoshi Suzuki
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mahnaz Ramezanpour
- Department of Surgery-Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Central Adelaide Local Health Network and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Akira Nakazono
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakamaru
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Homma
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sarah Vreugde
- Department of Surgery-Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Central Adelaide Local Health Network and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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15
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Li A, Zhao F, Yang T, Zhao Y, Liu H, Yang S, Zhu X. PTX3/TWIST1 Feedback Loop Modulates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation via PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2022; 42:161-169. [PMID: 35438530 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2021.0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation of nasal mucosal tissue is an obvious feature of allergic rhinitis. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a member of the pentraxin family and plays important roles in inflammation. We aimed to investigate the roles and mechanisms of PTX3 in inflammatory factors and MUC5AC production in human nasal epithelia cells. Loss- and gain-of-function experiments were performed. We found that the silencing of PTX3 dramatically blocked the expression of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-1β, and MUC5AC induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Gain-of-function of PTX3 displayed the opposite results. Interestingly, the ablation of PTX3 blocked activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, whereas the administration of an agonist of PI3K, 740Y-P, partially reversed the inhibitory functions of PTX3 silencing on inflammation and MUC5AC production. Moreover, PTX3 was a positive regulator of TWIST1, which is one of the transcription factors of PTX3. We noticed that TWIST1 downregulation reduced the expression of PTX3. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and dual-luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that TWIST1 could bind to the promoter of PTX3. Importantly, the depletion of TWIST1 attenuated the LPS-mediated expression and secretion of inflammatory cytokines, whereas these effects were partially abolished upon PTX3 overexpression. Taken together, our findings revealed that the PTX3/TWIST1 feedback loop modulates LPS-induced inflammation and MUC5AC production via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Zhao
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chang'an Hospital, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yang
- Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiang Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Xuli Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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16
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Gamage AM, Tan KS, Chan WOY, Lew ZZR, Liu J, Tan CW, Rajagopalan D, Lin QXX, Tan LM, Venkatesh PN, Ong YK, Thong M, Lin RTP, Prabhakar S, Wang DY, Wang LF. Human Nasal Epithelial Cells Sustain Persistent SARS-CoV-2 Infection In Vitro, despite Eliciting a Prolonged Antiviral Response. mBio 2022; 13:e0343621. [PMID: 35038898 PMCID: PMC8764519 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03436-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infection in COVID-19 patients are highly variable, with a subset of patients demonstrating prolonged virus shedding, which poses a significant challenge for disease management and transmission control. In this study, the long-term dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infection were investigated using a human well-differentiated nasal epithelial cell (NEC) model of infection. NECs were observed to release SARS-CoV-2 virus onto the apical surface for up to 28 days postinfection (dpi), further corroborated by viral antigen staining. Single-cell transcriptome sequencing (sc-seq) was utilized to explore the host response from infected NECs after short-term (3-dpi) and long-term (28-dpi) infection. We identified a unique population of cells harboring high viral loads present at both 3 and 28 dpi, characterized by expression of cell stress-related genes DDIT3 and ATF3 and enriched for genes involved in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) signaling and apoptosis. Remarkably, this sc-seq analysis revealed an antiviral gene signature within all NEC cell types even at 28 dpi. We demonstrate increased replication of basal cells, absence of widespread cell death within the epithelial monolayer, and the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to replicate despite a continuous interferon response as factors likely contributing to SARS-CoV-2 persistence. This study provides a model system for development of therapeutics aimed at improving viral clearance in immunocompromised patients and implies a crucial role for immune cells in mediating viral clearance from infected epithelia. IMPORTANCE Increasing medical attention has been drawn to the persistence of symptoms (long-COVID syndrome) or live virus shedding from subsets of COVID-19 patients weeks to months after the initial onset of symptoms. In vitro approaches to model viral or symptom persistence are needed to fully dissect the complex and likely varied mechanisms underlying these clinical observations. We show that in vitro differentiated human NECs are persistently infected with SARS-CoV-2 for up to 28 dpi. This viral replication occurred despite the presence of an antiviral gene signature across all NEC cell types even at 28 dpi. This indicates that epithelial cell intrinsic antiviral responses are insufficient for the clearance of SARS-CoV-2, implying an essential role for tissue-resident and infiltrating immune cells for eventual viral clearance from infected airway tissue in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshamal M. Gamage
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Kai Sen Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Biosafety Level 3 Core Facility, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wharton O. Y. Chan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Zhe Zhang Ryan Lew
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chee Wah Tan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Deepa Rajagopalan
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Data Analytics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Quy Xiao Xuan Lin
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Data Analytics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Le Min Tan
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Data Analytics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Yew Kwang Ong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Mark Thong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Raymond Tzer Pin Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- National Public Health Laboratory, National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore
| | - Shyam Prabhakar
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Data Analytics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - De Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute, Singapore
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17
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Aydin M, Schellhorn S, Wirth S, Zhang W, Ehrhardt A. Human Species D Adenoviruses Isolated from Diarrheal Feces Show Low Infection Rates in Primary Nasal Epithelial Cells. Children (Basel) 2021; 8:563. [PMID: 34208817 PMCID: PMC8307086 DOI: 10.3390/children8070563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The importance of adenovirus (Ad) research is significantly increasing with respect to virotherapy for vaccine development, tumor, and gene therapy. Due to the different species and subtypes of this virus, the characterization of the biological significance of especially rare Ad is necessary. Previously, rare Ad types 70, 73, and 74 were originally isolated from fecal samples of immunocompromised patients and they represent recombinants of other Ad types. Here we investigated transduction experiments of these reporter gene tagged Ad types in primary cells exemplified by subject-derived primary nasal epithelial cells (NAEPCs). To analyze the transduction rates, we performed flow cytometry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and cytokine analyses 25 h post-infection. We found that, in contrast to Ad type 5 (as a positive control), the transduction rates of NAEPCs with Ad types 70, 73, and 74 were interestingly low. The major Ad receptor (coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor and CD46) expression levels showed no significant change after infection with Ad types 70, 73 and 74. Moreover, Interleukin 6 (IL-6) was not released after in vitro Ad transduction. Due to the high risk of developing life-threatening complications in immunocompromised patients by these human species D Ads, even more attention needs to be investigated into the development of diagnostic and therapeutic concepts to prevent and treat those opportunistic infections in susceptible patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Aydin
- Laboratory of Experimental Pediatric Pneumology and Allergology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research, School of Life Sciences (ZBAF), Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58455 Witten, Germany
- Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, Witten/Herdecke University, 42283 Wuppertal, Germany;
| | - Sebastian Schellhorn
- Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58455 Witten, Germany; (S.S.); (W.Z.); (A.E.)
| | - Stefan Wirth
- Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, Witten/Herdecke University, 42283 Wuppertal, Germany;
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58455 Witten, Germany; (S.S.); (W.Z.); (A.E.)
| | - Anja Ehrhardt
- Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58455 Witten, Germany; (S.S.); (W.Z.); (A.E.)
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18
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Liu R, Du J, Zhou J, Zhong B, Ba L, Zhang J, Liu Y, Liu S. Elevated microRNA-21 Is a Brake of Inflammation Involved in the Development of Nasal Polyps. Front Immunol 2021; 12:530488. [PMID: 33936025 PMCID: PMC8082185 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.530488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background CRSwNP is an inflammatory disease but the mechanism is not yet fully understood. MiR-21, a member of miRNAs, has been reported to play roles in mediating inflammation. However, the expression of miR-21 and its role in patients with CRSwNP remain elusive. Methods Turbinates from control subjects, uncinate processes from CRSsNP, polyp tissues from CRSwNP, and nasal epithelial cells brushed from nasal mucosa were collected. The expression of miR-21 and cytokines in nasal tissues and epithelial cells were detected by qPCR. The localization of miR-21 was detected by ISH, and its target was identified by bioinformation analysis, qPCR, IHC, WB, and luciferase reporter system. The protein and mRNA of PDCD4 and NF-κB P65 were determined by WB and qPCR after miR-21 transfection in HNEpC. The role of miR-21 on cytokines was analyzed in HNEpC and nasal polyp explants. Results MiR-21 was upregulated in CRSwNP relative to control subjects by qPCR, which was determined mainly in nasal epithelial cells of CRSwNP by ISH. Both pro-inflammation cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-25, and TSLP) and a suppressive cytokine (IL-10) were overexpressed in the epithelial cells of CRSwNP. The expression of miR-21 was positively correlated with IL-10 and negatively correlated with IL-6, IL-8, IL-33, and TSLP in the epithelial cells of CRSwNP. As a potential target of miR-21, the expression of PDCD4 was negatively correlated with miR-21 in CRSwNP. In HNEpC, miR-21 could reduce the expression of PDCD4 at both mRNA and protein levels, and bioinformation analysis and luciferase reporter system confirmed PDCD4 as one target of miR-21. Furthermore, miR-21 could decrease the activation of NF-κB and increase IL-10 mRNA. Both SEB and LPS could elevate miR-21, with IL-25, IL-33, TSLP induced by SEB and IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 induced by LPS, while the miR-21 could regulate the expression of IL-33, TSLP, IL-1β, IL- 6 and IL-8 in vitro and ex vivo. Clinically, miR-21 expression was inversely correlated with the Lund-Mackay CT scores and the Lund-Kennedy scores in CRSwNP. Conclusion MiR-21 could be a prominent negative feedback factor in the inflammation process to attenuate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, thereby playing an anti-inflammation role in CRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruowu Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Upper Respiratory Tract Laboratory of Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jintao Du
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Upper Respiratory Tract Laboratory of Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bing Zhong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Upper Respiratory Tract Laboratory of Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Luo Ba
- Department of Otolaryngology, People's Hospital of the Tibet Autonomous Region, Lasha, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yafeng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shixi Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Upper Respiratory Tract Laboratory of Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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19
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Aydin M, Naumova EA, Bellm A, Behrendt AK, Giachero F, Bahlmann N, Zhang W, Wirth S, Paulsen F, Arnold WH, Ehrhardt A. From Submerged Cultures to 3D Cell Culture Models: Evolution of Nasal Epithelial Cells in Asthma Research and Virus Infection. Viruses 2021; 13:387. [PMID: 33670992 DOI: 10.3390/v13030387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the response to viral infection in the context of respiratory diseases is of significant importance. Recently, there has been more focus on the role of the nasal epithelium in disease modeling. Here, we provide an overview of different submerged, organotypic 3D and spheroid cell culture models of nasal epithelial cells, which were used to study asthma and allergy with a special focus on virus infection. In detail, this review summarizes the importance, benefits, and disadvantages of patient-derived cell culture models of nasal- and bronchial epithelial cells, including a comparison of these cell culture models and a discussion on why investigators should consider using nasal epithelial cells in their research. Exposure experiments, simple virus transduction analyses as well as genetic studies can be performed in these models, which may provide first insights into the complexity of molecular signatures and may open new doors for drug discovery and biomarker research.
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20
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Edwards MJ, Becker KA, Gripp B, Hoffmann M, Keitsch S, Wilker B, Soddemann M, Gulbins A, Carpinteiro E, Patel SH, Wilson GC, Pöhlmann S, Walter S, Fassbender K, Ahmad SA, Carpinteiro A, Gulbins E. Sphingosine prevents binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike to its cellular receptor ACE2. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:15174-15182. [PMID: 32917722 PMCID: PMC7650243 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine has been shown to prevent and eliminate bacterial infections of the respiratory tract, but it is unknown whether sphingosine can be also employed to prevent viral infections. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed whether sphingosine regulates the infection of cultured and freshly isolated ex vivo human epithelial cells with pseudoviral particles expressing SARS–CoV-2 spike (pp-VSV–SARS–CoV-2 spike) that served as a bona fide system mimicking SARS–CoV-2 infection. We demonstrate that exogenously applied sphingosine suspended in 0.9% NaCl prevents cellular infection with pp-SARS–CoV-2 spike. Pretreatment of cultured Vero epithelial cells or freshly isolated human nasal epithelial cells with low concentrations of sphingosine prevented adhesion of and infection with pp-VSV–SARS–CoV-2 spike. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that sphingosine binds to ACE2, the cellular receptor of SARS–CoV-2, and prevents the interaction of the receptor-binding domain of the viral spike protein with ACE2. These data indicate that sphingosine prevents at least some viral infections by interfering with the interaction of the virus with its receptor. Our data also suggest that further preclinical and finally clinical examination of sphingosine is warranted for potential use as a prophylactic or early treatment for coronavirus disease-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Edwards
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati Medical School, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Katrin Anne Becker
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Barbara Gripp
- Zentrum für Seelische Gesundheit des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Sana-Klinikum Remscheid GmbH, Remscheid, Germany
| | - Markus Hoffmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany; Faculty of Biology and Psychology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Simone Keitsch
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Barbara Wilker
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Soddemann
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anne Gulbins
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Elisa Carpinteiro
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sameer H Patel
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati Medical School, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Gregory C Wilson
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati Medical School, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Stefan Pöhlmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany; Faculty of Biology and Psychology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Silke Walter
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of the Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Klaus Fassbender
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of the Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Syed A Ahmad
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati Medical School, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Alexander Carpinteiro
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Hematology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati Medical School, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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21
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Kimura H, Francisco D, Conway M, Martinez FD, Vercelli D, Polverino F, Billheimer D, Kraft M. Type 2 inflammation modulates ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in airway epithelial cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 146:80-88.e8. [PMID: 32422146 PMCID: PMC7227558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has dramatically changed our world, country, communities, and families. There is controversy regarding risk factors for severe COVID-19 disease. It has been suggested that asthma and allergy are not highly represented as comorbid conditions associated with COVID-19. Objective Our aim was to extend our work in IL-13 biology to determine whether airway epithelial cell expression of 2 key mediators critical for SARS-CoV-2 infection, namely, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2), are modulated by IL-13. Methods We determined effects of IL-13 treatment on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression ex vivo in primary airway epithelial cells from participants with and without type 2 asthma obtained by bronchoscopy. We also examined expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in 2 data sets containing gene expression data from nasal and airway epithelial cells from children and adults with asthma and allergic rhinitis. Results IL-13 significantly reduced ACE2 and increased TMPRSS2 expression ex vivo in airway epithelial cells. In 2 independent data sets, ACE2 expression was significantly reduced and TMPRSS2 expression was significantly increased in the nasal and airway epithelial cells in type 2 asthma and allergic rhinitis. ACE2 expression was significantly negatively associated with type 2 cytokines, whereas TMPRSS2 expression was significantly positively associated with type 2 cytokines. Conclusion IL-13 modulates ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression in airway epithelial cells in asthma and atopy. This deserves further study with regard to any effects that asthma and atopy may render in the setting of COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kimura
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine Tucson, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Dave Francisco
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine Tucson, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Michelle Conway
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine Tucson, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Fernando D Martinez
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, College of Medicine Tucson, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Donata Vercelli
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, College of Medicine Tucson, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Francesca Polverino
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine Tucson, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Dean Billheimer
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Monica Kraft
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine Tucson, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Ariz.
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22
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Vielle NJ, García-Nicolás O, Oliveira Esteves BI, Brügger M, Summerfield A, Alves MP. The Human Upper Respiratory Tract Epithelium Is Susceptible to Flaviviruses. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:811. [PMID: 31057517 PMCID: PMC6477545 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses replicate in a wide variety of species and have a broad cellular tropism. They are isolated from various body fluids, and Zika virus (ZIKV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), and West Nile virus (WNV) RNAs have been detected in nasopharyngeal swabs. Consequently, we evaluated the cellular tropism and host responses upon ZIKV, JEV, WNV, and Usutu virus (USUV) infection using a relevant model of the human upper respiratory tract epithelium based on primary human nasal epithelial cells (NECs) cultured at the air-liquid interface. NECs were susceptible to all the viruses tested, and confocal analysis showed evidence of infection of ciliated and non-ciliated cells. Each flavivirus productively infected NECs, leading to apical and basolateral live virus shedding with particularly high basal release for JEV and WNV. As demonstrated by a paracellular permeability assay, the integrity of the epithelium was not affected by flavivirus infection, suggesting an active release of live virus through the basolateral surface. Also, we detected a significant secretion of interferon type III and the pro-inflammatory cytokine IP-10/CXCL10 upon infection with JEV. Taken together, our data suggest that the human upper respiratory tract epithelium is a target for flaviviruses and could potentially play a role in the spread of infection to other body compartments through basolateral virus release. Undoubtedly, further work is required to evaluate the risks and define the adapted measures to protect individuals exposed to flavivirus-contaminated body fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie J Vielle
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Obdulio García-Nicolás
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Blandina I Oliveira Esteves
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Brügger
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Artur Summerfield
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marco P Alves
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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23
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García-Nicolás O, Braun RO, Milona P, Lewandowska M, Dijkman R, Alves MP, Summerfield A. Targeting of the Nasal Mucosa by Japanese Encephalitis Virus for Non-Vector-Borne Transmission. J Virol 2018; 92:e01091-18. [PMID: 30282716 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01091-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
JEV, a main cause of severe viral encephalitis in humans, has a complex ecology composed of a mosquito-waterbird cycle and a cycle involving pigs, which amplifies virus transmission to mosquitoes, leading to increased human cases. JEV can be transmitted between pigs by contact in the absence of arthropod vectors. Moreover, virus or viral RNA is found in oronasal secretions and the nasal epithelium. Using nasal mucosa tissue explants and three-dimensional porcine nasal epithelial cells cultures and macrophages as ex vivo and in vitro models, we determined that the nasal epithelium could be a route of entry as well as exit for the virus. Infection of nasal epithelial cells resulted in apical and basolateral virus shedding and release of monocyte recruiting chemokines and therefore infection and replication in macrophages, which is favored by epithelial-cell-derived cytokines. The results are relevant to understand the mechanism of non-vector-borne direct transmission of JEV. The mosquito-borne Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) causes severe central nervous system diseases and cycles between Culex mosquitoes and different vertebrates. For JEV and some other flaviviruses, oronasal transmission is described, but the mode of infection is unknown. Using nasal mucosal tissue explants and primary porcine nasal epithelial cells (NEC) at the air-liquid interface (ALI) and macrophages as ex vivo and in vitro models, we determined that the nasal epithelium could represent the route of entry and exit for JEV in pigs. Porcine NEC at the ALI exposed to with JEV resulted in apical and basolateral virus shedding and release of monocyte recruiting chemokines, indicating infection and replication in macrophages. Moreover, macrophages stimulated by alarmins, including interleukin-25, interleukin-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin, were more permissive to the JEV infection. Altogether, our data are important to understand the mechanism of non-vector-borne direct transmission of Japanese encephalitis virus in pigs. IMPORTANCE JEV, a main cause of severe viral encephalitis in humans, has a complex ecology composed of a mosquito-waterbird cycle and a cycle involving pigs, which amplifies virus transmission to mosquitoes, leading to increased human cases. JEV can be transmitted between pigs by contact in the absence of arthropod vectors. Moreover, virus or viral RNA is found in oronasal secretions and the nasal epithelium. Using nasal mucosa tissue explants and three-dimensional porcine nasal epithelial cells cultures and macrophages as ex vivo and in vitro models, we determined that the nasal epithelium could be a route of entry as well as exit for the virus. Infection of nasal epithelial cells resulted in apical and basolateral virus shedding and release of monocyte recruiting chemokines and therefore infection and replication in macrophages, which is favored by epithelial-cell-derived cytokines. The results are relevant to understand the mechanism of non-vector-borne direct transmission of JEV.
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24
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Chen X, Chang L, Li X, Huang J, Yang L, Lai X, Huang Z, Wang Z, Wu X, Zhao J, Bellanti JA, Zheng SG, Zhang G. Tc17/IL-17A Up-Regulated the Expression of MMP-9 via NF-κB Pathway in Nasal Epithelial Cells of Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2121. [PMID: 30283454 PMCID: PMC6156140 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the upper airways involving nasal cavity and sinus. Deriving both from its clinical complexity with protean clinical manifestations as well its pathogenetic heterogeneity, the molecular mechanisms contributing to the pathogenesis of CRS remain unclear, and attract a wide interest in the field. Current evidences indicate that IL-17A is highly expressed in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). However, its pathogenetic role in regulation of tissue remodeling of CRSwNP remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the cellular origins and functions of IL-17A cytokine in CRSwNP, and further determined whether IL-17A could affect the expression of metalloproteinases (MMPs), the remodeling factors of CRSwNP. The results showed that the expression of IL-17A was upregulated in nasal tissues of patients with CRSwNP compared to those with chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) and controls. CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (Tc) were major IL-17A producers in nasal tissues of CRSwNP. Interleukin (IL)-17-producing CD8+ T cells (Tc17) was significantly higher in nasal tissues of CRSwNP than CRSsNP and controls. Nonetheless, no difference was observed among the IL-17A in peripheral blood lymphocytes of these three groups. Moreover, in the same patients, IL-17A expression was negligible in lymphocytes of peripheral blood when compared with nasal tissues. Increased gene and protein expression of MMP-7 and MMP-9 in patients with CRSwNP compared with controls were observed. In CRSwNP samples, IL-17A receptor (IL-17AR) co-localized with MMP-9 and they were mainly expressed in the epithelial cells. MMP-9 expression was up-regulated both in Primary human nasal epithelial cells (PHNECs) and a nasal epithelial cell line (RPMI 2650) by IL-17A treatment, and diminished by anti-IL-17AR treatment. Furthermore, IL-17A promoted the expression of MMP-9 by activating the NF-κB signal pathway. Thus, our results have revealed a crucial role of IL-17A and Tc cells on pathogenesis and tissue remodeling of CRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Chang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiancong Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luoying Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Lai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zizhen Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xifu Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Joseph A Bellanti
- Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology-Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Song Guo Zheng
- Division of Rheumatology, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center at Penn State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Gehua Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Fukuoka A, Matsushita K, Morikawa T, Adachi T, Yasuda K, Kiyonari H, Fujieda S, Yoshimoto T. Human cystatin SN is an endogenous protease inhibitor that prevents allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 143:1153-1162.e12. [PMID: 30012514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protease allergens disrupt epithelial barriers to exert their allergenicity. Cystatin SN (encoded by CST1) is an endogenous cysteine protease inhibitor upregulated in nasal epithelia in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR). OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the protective effect of human cystatin SN on AR symptoms using pollen-induced AR mouse models. METHODS We performed an in vitro protease activity assay to evaluate the effect of recombinant human cystatin SN (rhCystatin SN) on Japanese cedar (JC) or ragweed proteases. A human nasal epithelial cell line, RPMI 2650, was used to examine tight junction (TJ) disruption in vitro. Mice were sensitized and nasally challenged with JC or ragweed pollens with or without rhCystatin SN to examine the effect of rhCystatin SN on AR symptoms and the epithelial barrier in vivo. Because mice lack CST1, we generated transgenic (Tg) mice expressing human CST1 under control of its genomic control region (hCST1-Tg mice) to examine the role of cystatin SN in physiologically expressed conditions. RESULTS rhCystatin SN inhibited JC but not ragweed protease activities and prevented JC-induced but not ragweed-induced TJ disruption in vitro. Exogenous administration of rhCystatin SN ameliorated JC-induced but not ragweed-induced sneezing and nasal TJ disruption in vivo. Furthermore, hCST1-Tg mice showed decreased JC-induced but not ragweed-induced sneezing symptoms and nasal TJ disruption compared with wild-type mice. CONCLUSION Human cystatin SN suppresses AR symptoms through inhibiting allergen protease activities and protecting the nasal TJ barrier in an allergen-specific manner. We propose that upregulation of nasal endogenous protease inhibitors, including cystatin SN, is a novel therapeutic strategy for protease allergen-induced AR.
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Huang TW, Li ST, Fang KM, Young TH. Hyaluronan antagonizes the differentiation effect of TGF-β1 on nasal epithelial cells through down-regulation of TGF-β type I receptor. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 2018; 46:S254-S263. [PMID: 30032656 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1491477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Although hyaluronan (HA)-based biomaterials have been proposed to promote mucociliary differentiation of nasal epithelial cells (NECs), the mechanism by which HA affects the growth and differentiation of NECs has not been thoroughly explored. This study investigates the effect and mechanism of HA on the differentiation of NECs. The experiment cultures human NECs in four conditions, namely controls, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, TGF-β1 + HA and HA groups. In the TGF group, the NECs become irregular shape without formation of tight junction and mucociliary differentiation of NECs is inhibited. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of NECs also occurs in the TGF group. However, with addition of HA in TGF groups, NECs reveal the mucociliary phenotypes of epithelial cells with tight junction expression. Incubation of TGF-β1 in an NEC culture leads to an increase in phosphorylated type 1 TGF-β receptors (p-TβRI). This increase is attenuated when NECs are cultured in the presence of HA. Similar expressions are observed in phosphorylated smad2/smad3. Additionally, HA-dependent inhibition of TGF-β1 signalling is inhibited by co-incubation with a blocking antibody to CD44. Experimental results indicate that HA can antagonize TGF-β1 effect on EMT and mucociliary differentiation of NECs by down-regulation of TβR I, which is via CD44.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Wei Huang
- a Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Electrical and Communication Engineering , Yuan Ze University , Taoyuan , Taiwan.,b Department of Otolaryngology , Far Eastern Memorial Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan.,c Department of Health Care Administration , Oriental Institute of Technology , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Tien Li
- d College of Medicine and College of Engineering , Institute of Biomedical Engineering , National Taiwan University , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Kai-Min Fang
- b Department of Otolaryngology , Far Eastern Memorial Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Tai-Horng Young
- d College of Medicine and College of Engineering , Institute of Biomedical Engineering , National Taiwan University , Taipei , Taiwan
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Valera FCP, Ruffin M, Adam D, Maillé É, Ibrahim B, Berube J, Rousseau S, Brochiero E, Desrosiers MY. Staphylococcus aureus impairs sinonasal epithelial repair: Effects in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and control subjects. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 143:591-603.e3. [PMID: 29935218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of Staphylococcus aureus on nasal epithelial repair has never been assessed in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine whether (1) nasal epithelial cell cultures from patients with CRSwNP and control subjects repair differently; (2) S aureus exoproducts compromise nasal epithelial repair; (3) S aureus alters lamellipodial dynamics; and (4) deleterious effects could be counteracted by the Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase inhibitor Y-27632. METHODS Primary nasal epithelial cells (pNECs) collected during surgeries were cultured and injured under 3 conditions: (1) basal conditions, (2) exposed to S aureus exoproducts, and (3) exposed to S aureus exoproducts and Y-27632. Epithelial repair, lamellipodial dynamics, and cytoskeletal organization were assessed. RESULTS Under basal conditions, pNEC cultures from patients with CRSwNP presented significantly lower repair rates and reduced lamellipodial protrusion length and velocity than those from control subjects. S aureus exoproducts significantly decreased repair rates and protrusion dynamics in both control subjects and patients with CRSwNP; however, the effect of S aureus on cell protrusions was more sustained over time in patients with CRSwNP. Under basal conditions, immunofluorescence assays showed significantly reduced percentages of cells with lamellipodia at the wound edge in patients with CRSwNP compared with control subjects. S aureus altered cell polarity and decreased the percentage of cells with lamellipodia in both groups. Finally, Y-27632 prevented the deleterious effects of S aureus exoproducts on CRSwNP repair rates, as well as on lamellipodial dynamics and formation. CONCLUSIONS S aureus exoproducts significantly alter epithelial repair and lamellipodial dynamics on pNECs, and this impairment was more pronounced in patients with CRSwNP. Importantly, Y-27632 restored epithelial repair and lamellipodial dynamics in the presence of S aureus exoproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana C P Valera
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Manon Ruffin
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Damien Adam
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Émilie Maillé
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Badr Ibrahim
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Otolaryngology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julie Berube
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simon Rousseau
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emmanuelle Brochiero
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Martin Y Desrosiers
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Otolaryngology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Huang TW, Wei CK, Su HW, Fang KM. Chitosan promotes aquaporin formation and inhibits mucociliary differentiation of nasal epithelial cells through increased TGF-β1 production. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 11:3567-3575. [PMID: 27804234 DOI: 10.1002/term.2274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Although endoscopic sinus surgery is the mainstay surgical treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis, over 15% of patients require a repeat operation wherein postoperative adhesion formation is one of the main causes of failure. Several recently proposed chitosan-based biomaterials promote mucosal healing, reduce postoperative adhesion formation and restore mucociliary function of sinonasal mucosa. However, the effects of chitosan on cellular morphology, re-epithelization, and mucociliary differentiation of nasal epithelial cells (NECs) during the wound healing process have not been thoroughly investigated. The present study investigates the direct effects of chitosan on cellular growth, cellular migration, mucociliary differentiation and aquaporin (AQP) formation of NECs to elucidate the role of chitosan in sinonasal applications. Wound healing assay reveals that proliferation and migration of NECs are inhibited by incubation of chitosan. The NECs become irregular in shape without formation of tight junction and mucociliary differentiation of NECs is inhibited during a culture period with incubation of chitosan. However, AQP3 and AQP5 formation in NECs is significantly higher in chitosan groups than in control groups. Further, expressions of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, Smad2, and Smad3 are significantly higher in the chitosan groups compared with controls. The results of the comparison indicate that chitosan inhibits proliferation, migration and mucociliary differentiation of NECs through increasing production of TGF-β1. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Wei Huang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Health Care Administration, Oriental Institute of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Kuo Wei
- Department of Health Care Administration, Oriental Institute of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Wei Su
- Department of Otolaryngology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Tourism and Leisure Management, Tung-Fang Design University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Min Fang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Martin EM, Clapp PW, Rebuli ME, Pawlak EA, Glista-Baker E, Benowitz NL, Fry RC, Jaspers I. E-cigarette use results in suppression of immune and inflammatory-response genes in nasal epithelial cells similar to cigarette smoke. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L135-44. [PMID: 27288488 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00170.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to cigarette smoke is known to result in impaired host defense responses and immune suppressive effects. However, the effects of new and emerging tobacco products, such as e-cigarettes, on the immune status of the respiratory epithelium are largely unknown. We conducted a clinical study collecting superficial nasal scrape biopsies, nasal lavage, urine, and serum from nonsmokers, cigarette smokers, and e-cigarette users and assessed them for changes in immune gene expression profiles. Smoking status was determined based on a smoking history and a 3- to 4-wk smoking diary and confirmed using serum cotinine and urine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) levels. Total RNA from nasal scrape biopsies was analyzed using the nCounter Human Immunology v2 Expression panel. Smoking cigarettes or vaping e-cigarettes resulted in decreased expression of immune-related genes. All genes with decreased expression in cigarette smokers (n = 53) were also decreased in e-cigarette smokers. Additionally, vaping e-cigarettes was associated with suppression of a large number of unique genes (n = 305). Furthermore, the e-cigarette users showed a greater suppression of genes common with those changed in cigarette smokers. This was particularly apparent for suppressed expression of transcription factors, such as EGR1, which was functionally associated with decreased expression of 5 target genes in cigarette smokers and 18 target genes in e-cigarette users. Taken together, these data indicate that vaping e-cigarettes is associated with decreased expression of a large number of immune-related genes, which are consistent with immune suppression at the level of the nasal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Martin
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Phillip W Clapp
- Curriculum in Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Meghan E Rebuli
- Curriculum in Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Erica A Pawlak
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and
| | - Ellen Glista-Baker
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and
| | - Neal L Benowitz
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Departments of Medicine and Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Rebecca C Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Curriculum in Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ilona Jaspers
- Curriculum in Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Departments of Medicine and Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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30
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Somineni HK, Zhang X, Biagini Myers JM, Kovacic MB, Ulm A, Jurcak N, Ryan PH, Khurana Hershey GK, Ji H. Ten-eleven translocation 1 (TET1) methylation is associated with childhood asthma and traffic-related air pollution. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 137:797-805.e5. [PMID: 26684294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a complex disorder influenced by genetics and the environment. Recent findings have linked abnormal DNA methylation in T cells with asthma; however, the potential dysregulation of methylation in airway epithelial cells is unknown. Studies of mouse models of asthma have observed greater levels of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) and ten-eleven translocation 1 (TET1) expression in lungs. TET proteins are known to catalyze methylation through modification of 5-methylcytosine to 5-hmC. OBJECTIVE We sought to examine the association of TET1 methylation with asthma and traffic-related air pollution (TRAP). METHODS TET1 methylation levels from DNA derived from nasal airway epithelial cells collected from 12 African American children with physician-diagnosed asthma and their nonasthmatic siblings were measured by using Illumina 450K arrays. Regions of interest were verified by means of locus-specific pyrosequencing in 35 sibling pairs and replicated in an independent population (n = 186). Exposure to TRAP in participants' early life and at current home addresses was estimated by using a land-use regression model. Methylation studies in saliva, PBMCs, and human bronchial epithelial cells were done to support our findings. RESULTS Loss of methylation at a single CpG site in the TET1 promoter (cg23602092) and increased global 5-hmC levels were significantly associated with asthma. In contrast, TRAP exposure at participants' current homes significantly increased methylation at the same site. Patterns were consistent across tissue sample types. 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine and diesel exhaust particle exposure in human bronchial epithelial cells was associated with altered TET1 methylation and expression and global 5-hmC levels. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a possible role of TET1 methylation in asthmatic patients and response to TRAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari K Somineni
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Xue Zhang
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jocelyn M Biagini Myers
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Melinda Butsch Kovacic
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Ashley Ulm
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Noelle Jurcak
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
| | - Patrick H Ryan
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | - Hong Ji
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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Wang W, Shao S, Wang S. The role for human nasal epithelial nuclear factor kappa B activation in histamine-induced mucin 5 subtype B overproduction. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2015; 6:264-70. [PMID: 26574733 DOI: 10.1002/alr.21665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucin 5 subtype B (MUC5B) is 1 of the major mucins secreted by airway epithelial cells. We sought to determine the effect of histamine on MUC5B expression in human nasal epithelial cells. METHODS Human nasal epithelial cells from allergic rhinitis patients were cultured, and stimulated with 4 concentrations of histamine, or pretreated with a specific nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) inhibitor (Bay11-7082) before histamine stimulation. Immunocytochemistry and Western blotting were used to detect phosphorylated inhibitor of kappa B alpha (p-IκBα), NF-κBp65 and MUC5B protein. MUC5B content in supernatants was assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Histamine promoted IκBα phosphorylation and NF-κBp65 nuclear translocation. A concentration-dependent histamine-induced increase of MUC5B protein was observed, and its content in supernatants was upregulated in a concentration-dependent fashion, but these effects were attenuated by Bay11-7082. CONCLUSION Histamine activated the IκBα/NF-κB pathway by promoting IκBα phosphorylation and inducing NF-κBp65 nuclear translocation, contributing to MUC5B overproduction and secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- Program in Molecular and Translational Medicine and Department of Anatomy, Schools of Medicine and Nursing Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou City, China
| | - Shengwen Shao
- Schools of Medicine and Nursing Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou City, China
| | - Sha Wang
- Schools of Medicine and Nursing Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou City, China
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Abstract
A number of chronic airway diseases are characterized by high inflammation and unbalanced activation of the immune response, which lead to tissue damage and progressive reduction of the pulmonary function. Because they are exposed to various environmental stimuli, lung cells are prone to epigenomic changes. Many genes responsible for the immune response and inflammation are tightly regulated by DNA methylation, which suggests that alteration of the epigenome in lung cells may have a considerable impact on the penetrance and/or the severity of airway diseases. A major hurdle in clinical epigenomic studies is to gather appropriate biospecimens. Herein, we show that nasal epithelial cells are suitable to analyze DNA methylation in human diseases primarily affecting the lower airway tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Bergougnoux
- Laboratory Genetics of Rare Diseases, INSERM U827, Montpellier, France
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Seshadri S, Lu X, Purkey MR, Homma T, Choi AW, Carter R, Suh L, Norton J, Harris KE, Conley DB, Kato A, Avila PC, Czarnocka B, Kopp PA, Peters AT, Grammer LC, Chandra RK, Tan BK, Liu Z, Kern RC, Schleimer RP. Increased expression of the epithelial anion transporter pendrin/SLC26A4 in nasal polyps of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136:1548-1558.e7. [PMID: 26143180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a multifactorial disease of unknown cause characterized by sinonasal inflammation, increased mucus production, and defective mucociliary clearance. Expression of Pendrin, an epithelial anion transporter, is increased in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pendrin increases mucus production and regulates mucociliary clearance. OBJECTIVES We sought to investigate the expression of pendrin and the mucus-related protein Muc5AC in sinonasal tissues of control subjects and patients with CRS and to evaluate the regulation of pendrin expression in nasal epithelial cells (NECs) in vitro. METHODS The expression and distribution of pendrin in sinonasal tissues was analyzed by using real-time PCR, immunoblot analysis, and immunohistochemistry. Differentiated NECs were used to study the regulation of pendrin expression. RESULTS Increased pendrin expression was observed in nasal polyp (NP) tissue of patients with CRS. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that pendrin was largely restricted to the epithelial layer. Pendrin expression significantly correlated with inflammatory cell markers, suggesting that the factors made by these cells might induce pendrin expression. Furthermore, both pendrin and periostin levels (a biomarker in asthma) correlated with IL-13 levels, suggesting that pendrin can be induced by this cytokine in sinonasal tissues. Expression of the mucus component protein Muc5AC correlated weakly with pendrin expression, indicating that pendrin might modulate mucus production in NPs. In cultured NECs pendrin expression was induced by TH2 cytokines and induced synergistically when TH2 cytokines were combined with IL-17A. Interestingly, human rhinovirus had a potentiating effect on IL-13-induced pendrin expression. Dexamethasone suppressed pendrin expression, suggesting that the therapeutic benefit of dexamethasone in asthmatic patients and those with CRS might involve regulation of pendrin expression. CONCLUSIONS TH2-mediated pendrin expression is increased in NPs of patients with CRS and might lead to increased inflammation, mucus production, and decreased mucociliary clearance.
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Zhang Y, Wang X, Wang H, Jiao J, Li Y, Fan E, Zhang L, Bachert C. TMEM16A-Mediated Mucin Secretion in IL-13-Induced Nasal Epithelial Cells From Chronic Rhinosinusitis Patients. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 2015; 7:367-75. [PMID: 25749771 PMCID: PMC4446635 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2015.7.4.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), a mainly Th2 cytokine-mediated disease, often involves mucus secretion. Recent evidence suggests that transmembrane protein 16A (TMEM16A), a calcium-activated Cl- channel (CaCC), can regulate mucus secretion from airway epithelium by transepithelial electrolyte transport and hydration. However, the role of TMEM16A in mucin production/secretion in the airway epithelium is not clear. This study was conducted to determine the role of TMEM16A in mediating mucin secretion in human nasal polyp epithelial cells (HNPECs) induced by IL-13. Methods Human sinonasal mucosa tissue and dissociated sinonasal epithelium from control subjects and patients with CRSwNP were assessed for the expression of TMEM16A and the secretion of human mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) by immunohistochemistry, Western blot analysis, and enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA). A model of the Th2 inflammatory environment was created by exposure of primary air-liquid interface (ALI)-cultured HNPECs to interleukin-13 (IL-13) for 14 days, with subsequent assessment of TMEM16A expression in cell lysates by Western blotting and MUC5AC secretion in apical washings of cells by ELISA. Results The expressions of TMEM16A and MUC5AC were increased in human nasal polyp tissue and dissociated nasal polyp epithelium. TMEM16A was detected in IL-13-treated HNPECs, specifically in MUC5AC-positive cells but not in ciliated cells. IL-13 treatment increased percentages of TMEM16A-positive cells, MUC5AC-positive cells, and cells coexpressing TMEM16A/MUC5AC, the expression of TMEM16A protein, and the secretion of MUC5AC. T16Ainh-A01, a TMEM16A inhibitor, attenuated these IL-13-induced effects. Conclusions The expression of TMEM16A and MUC5AC are increased in CRSwNP, which might be a direct effect of Th2 cytokines present in the sinonasal mucosa in CRSwNP. Down-regulation of TMEM16A expression and MUC5AC secretion in HNPECs by T16Ainh-A01 indicates that TMEM16A might play an important role in mucin secretion in upper airway inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.; Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Erzhong Fan
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.; Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China.
| | - Claus Bachert
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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Ji H, Zhang X, Oh S, Mayhew CN, Ulm A, Somineni HK, Ericksen M, Wells JM, Khurana Hershey GK. Dynamic transcriptional and epigenomic reprogramming from pediatric nasal epithelial cells to induced pluripotent stem cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 135:236-44. [PMID: 25441642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold tremendous potential, both as a biological tool to uncover the pathophysiology of disease by creating relevant human cell models and as a source of cells for cell-based therapeutic applications. Studying the reprogramming process will also provide significant insight into tissue development. OBJECTIVE We sought to characterize the derivation of iPSC lines from nasal epithelial cells (NECs) isolated from nasal mucosa samples of children, a highly relevant and easily accessible tissue for pediatric populations. METHODS We performed detailed comparative analysis on the transcriptomes and methylomes of NECs, iPSCs derived from NECs (NEC-iPSCs), and embryonic stem cells (ESCs). RESULTS NEC-iPSCs express pluripotent cell markers, can differentiate into all 3 germ layers in vivo and in vitro, and have a transcriptome and methylome remarkably similar to those of ESCs. However, residual DNA methylation marks exist, which are differentially methylated between NEC-iPSCs and ESCs. A subset of these methylation markers related to epithelium development and asthma and specific to NEC-iPSCs persisted after several passages in vitro, suggesting the retention of an epigenetic memory of their tissue of origin. Our analysis also identified novel candidate genes with dynamic gene expression and DNA methylation changes during reprogramming, which are indicative of possible roles in airway epithelium development. CONCLUSION NECs are an excellent tissue source to generate iPSCs in pediatric asthmatic patients, and detailed characterization of the resulting iPSC lines would help us better understand the reprogramming process and retention of epigenetic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ji
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.
| | - Xue Zhang
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Sunghee Oh
- Division of Human Genetics, Kim Sook Za Children's Hospital Medical Center Research Foundation, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Christopher N Mayhew
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Ashley Ulm
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Hari K Somineni
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Mark Ericksen
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - James M Wells
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Gurjit K Khurana Hershey
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Kesic MJ, Simmons SO, Bauer R, Jaspers I. Nrf2 expression modifies influenza A entry and replication in nasal epithelial cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:444-53. [PMID: 21549835 PMCID: PMC3135631 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Influenza infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially during pandemics outbreaks. Emerging data indicate that phase II antioxidant enzyme pathways could play a role in virus-associated inflammation and immune clearance. While Nrf2-dependent gene expression is known to modify inflammation, a mechanistic role in viral susceptibility and clearance has yet to be elucidated. Therefore, we utilized differentiated human nasal epithelial cells (NEC) and an enzymatic virus-like particle entry assay, to examine the role Nrf2-dependent gene expression has on viral entry and replication. Herein, lentiviral vectors that express Nrf2-specific short hairpin (sh)-RNA effectively decreased both Nrf2 mRNA and Nrf2 protein expression in transduced human NEC from healthy volunteers. Nrf2 knockdown correlated with a significant increase in influenza virus entry and replication. Conversely, supplementation with the potent Nrf2 activators sulforaphane (SFN) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) significantly decreased viral entry and replication. The suppressive effects of EGCG on viral replication were abolished in cells with knocked-down Nrf2 expression, suggesting a causal relationship between the EGCG-induced activation of Nrf2 and the ability to protect against viral infection. Interestingly, the induction of Nrf2 via nutritional supplements SFN and EGCG increased antiviral mediators/responses: RIG-I, IFN-β, and MxA at baseline in the absence of infection. Our data indicate that there is an inverse relationship between the levels of Nrf2 expression and the viral entry/replication. We also demonstrate that supplementation with Nrf2-activating antioxidants inhibits viral replication in human NEC, which may prove to be an attractive therapeutic intervention. Taken together, these data indicate potential mechanisms by which Nrf2-dependent gene expression regulates susceptibility to influenza in human epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Kesic
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7127, USA.
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