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Zhao Q, Li P, Wang B, Li B, Gao M, Ren G, Rile G, Rila S, Ma K, Bao F. Bovine Ultra-Long CDR H3 Specific for Bovine Rotavirus Displays Potent Virus Neutralization and Therapeutic Effects in Infected Calves. Biomolecules 2025; 15:689. [PMID: 40427582 PMCID: PMC12109355 DOI: 10.3390/biom15050689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2025] [Revised: 04/30/2025] [Accepted: 05/06/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Bovine rotavirus (BRV) is one of the main pathogens that cause acute diarrhea in calves under one month of age. Passive immunization has been recognized as an effective way to prevent and treat BRV infection. Recent studies have shown that 10% of bovine antibodies possess an ultra-long CDR H3 domain, which has been shown to be the smallest antigen-binding domain. Due to the extremely small size of ultra-long CDR H3 antibodies, the phage display method was utilized to obtain ultra-long CDR H3 antibodies targeting BRV, providing a new approach for the prevention and/or treatment of BRV. Here, we report the preparation of BRV-specific bovine ultra-long CDR H3 antibodies obtained by constructing and screening a phage display library containing approximately 8.55 × 109 individual clones. Through three rounds of bio-panning, we identified 92 candidate clones, of which 79 exhibited specific binding activity in phage ELISAs. The recombinant bovine ultra-long CDR H3 antibodies could specifically bind to BRV in ELISAs and cell immunofluorescence assays. The neutralizing activity was further confirmed through virus neutralization tests. In the calf model experiment, the recombinant bovine ultra-long CDR H3 antibodies could relieve the symptoms of diarrhea, reduce both the amount and duration of virus release, and increase the survival in calves experimentally infected with BRV. Therefore, BRV-specific bovine ultra-long CDR H3 antibodies could serve as an effective agent for the prevention and treatment of BRV infection. At the same time, the development of ultra-long CDR H3 antibodies using phage display screening technology provides a new approach for developing biological agents for the prevention and control of infectious diseases in bovines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihuan Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010010, China; (Q.Z.); (P.L.); (B.W.); (B.L.); (M.G.); (G.R.); (G.R.); (S.R.); (K.M.)
| | - Puchen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010010, China; (Q.Z.); (P.L.); (B.W.); (B.L.); (M.G.); (G.R.); (G.R.); (S.R.); (K.M.)
| | - Bo Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010010, China; (Q.Z.); (P.L.); (B.W.); (B.L.); (M.G.); (G.R.); (G.R.); (S.R.); (K.M.)
| | - Baohui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010010, China; (Q.Z.); (P.L.); (B.W.); (B.L.); (M.G.); (G.R.); (G.R.); (S.R.); (K.M.)
| | - Min Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010010, China; (Q.Z.); (P.L.); (B.W.); (B.L.); (M.G.); (G.R.); (G.R.); (S.R.); (K.M.)
| | - Guanyi Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010010, China; (Q.Z.); (P.L.); (B.W.); (B.L.); (M.G.); (G.R.); (G.R.); (S.R.); (K.M.)
| | - Gege Rile
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010010, China; (Q.Z.); (P.L.); (B.W.); (B.L.); (M.G.); (G.R.); (G.R.); (S.R.); (K.M.)
| | - Saqi Rila
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010010, China; (Q.Z.); (P.L.); (B.W.); (B.L.); (M.G.); (G.R.); (G.R.); (S.R.); (K.M.)
| | - Ke Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010010, China; (Q.Z.); (P.L.); (B.W.); (B.L.); (M.G.); (G.R.); (G.R.); (S.R.); (K.M.)
| | - Fuxiang Bao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010010, China; (Q.Z.); (P.L.); (B.W.); (B.L.); (M.G.); (G.R.); (G.R.); (S.R.); (K.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huhhot 010010, China
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Wu Y, Barbieri E, Kilgore RE, Moore BD, Chu W, Mollica GN, Daniele MA, Menegatti S. Peptide ligands for the affinity purification of adenovirus from HEK293 and vero cell lysates. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1736:465396. [PMID: 39342729 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Adenovirus (AdVs) is the viral vector of choice in vaccines and oncolytic applications owing to its high transduction activity and inherent immunogenicity. For decades, AdV isolation has relied on ultracentrifugation and ion-exchange chromatography, which are not suitable to large-scale production and struggle to deliver sufficient purity. Immunoaffinity chromatography resins of recent introduction feature high binding capacity and selectivity, but mandate harsh elution conditions (pH 3.0), afford low yield (< 20%), and provide limited reusability. Seeking a more efficient and affordable alternative, this study introduces the first peptide affinity ligands for AdV purification. The peptides were identified via combinatorial selection and in silico design to target hexons, the most abundant proteins in the adenoviral capsid. Selected peptide ligands AEFFIWNA and TNDGPDYSSPLTGSG were conjugated on chromatographic resins and utilized to purify AdV serotype 5 from HEK293 and Vero cell lysates. The peptide-functionalized resins feature high binding capacity (> 1010 active virions per mL at the residence time of 2 min), provide high yield (> 50%) and up to 100-fold reduction of host cell proteins and DNA. Notably, the peptide ligands enable gentle elution conditions (pH 8) that prevent the "shedding" of penton and fiber proteins, thus affording intact adenovirus particles with high cell-transduction activity. The study of the peptide ligands by surface plasmon resonance and molecular docking and dynamics simulations confirmed the selective targeting of hexon proteins and elucidated the molecular-level mechanisms underlying binding and release. Collectively, these results demonstrate the strong promise of peptide ligands presented herein for the affinity purification of AdVs from cell lysates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Eduardo Barbieri
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; LigaTrap Technologies LLC, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - Ryan E Kilgore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Brandyn D Moore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Wenning Chu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Gina N Mollica
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Michael A Daniele
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 911 Oval Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, 890 Oval Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; North Carolina Viral Vector Initiative in Research and Learning (NC-VVIRAL), North Carolina State University, 911 Oval Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), 850 Oval Drive, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA; North Carolina Viral Vector Initiative in Research and Learning (NC-VVIRAL), North Carolina State University, 911 Oval Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; LigaTrap Technologies LLC, Raleigh, NC 27606.
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Minatel VM, Prudencio CR, Barraviera B, Ferreira RS. Nanobodies: a promising approach to treatment of viral diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1303353. [PMID: 38322011 PMCID: PMC10844482 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1303353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery in the 1990s, heavy chain antibodies have garnered significant interest in the scientific community. These antibodies, found in camelids such as llamas and alpacas, exhibit distinct characteristics from conventional antibodies due to the absence of a light chain in their structure. Furthermore, they possess a single antigen-binding domain known as VHH or Nanobody (Nb). With a small size of approximately 15 kDa, these Nbs demonstrate improved characteristics compared to conventional antibodies, including greater physicochemical stability and enhanced biodistribution, enabling them to bind inaccessible epitopes more effectively. As a result, Nbs have found numerous applications in various medical and veterinary fields, particularly in diagnostics and therapeutics. Advances in biotechnology have made the production of recombinant antibodies feasible and compatible with large-scale manufacturing. Through the construction of immune phage libraries that display VHHs and subsequent selection through biopanning, it has become possible to isolate specific Nbs targeting pharmaceutical targets of interest, such as viruses. This review describes the processes involved in nanobody production, from hyperimmunization to purification, with the aim of their application in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitória Meneghetti Minatel
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Benedito Barraviera
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Seabra Ferreira
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Liu ML, Chen ZJ, Huang XQ, Wang H, Zhao JL, Shen YD, Luo L, Wen XW, Hammock B, Xu ZL. A bispecific nanobody with high sensitivity/efficiency for simultaneous determination of carbaryl and its metabolite 1-naphthol in the soil and rice samples. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 335:122265. [PMID: 37517641 PMCID: PMC10529271 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The simultaneous determination of carbaryl and its metabolite 1-naphthol is essential for risk assessment of pesticide exposure in agricultural and environmental samples. Herein, several bispecific nanobodies (BsNbs) with different lengths of hydrophilic linkers and junction sites were prepared and characterized for the simultaneous recognition of carbaryl and its metabolite 1-naphthol. It was found that the affinity of BsNbs to the analytes could be regulated by controlling linker length and linking terminal. Additionally, molecular simulation revealed that linker lengths affected the conformation of BsNbs, leading to alteration in sensitivity. The BsNb with G4S linker, named G4S-C-N-VHH, showing good thermal stability and sensitivity was used to develop a bispecific indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Bic-ELISA). The assay demonstrated a limit of detection of 0.8 ng/mL for carbaryl and 0.4 ng/mL for 1-naphthol in buffer system. Good recoveries from soil and rice samples were obtained, ranging from 80.0% to 112.7% (carbaryl) and 76.5%-110.8% (1-naphthol), respectively. Taken together, this study firstly provided a BsNb with high sensitivity and efficiency against environmental pesticide and its metabolite, and firstly used molecular dynamics simulation to explore the influence of linker on recognition. The results are valuable for the application of immunoassay with high efficiency in the fields of environment and agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ling Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety / Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zi-Jian Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety / Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Zhaoqing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, 526061, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Huang
- Guangzhou Institute of Food Inspection, Guangzhou, 510410, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety / Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jin-Li Zhao
- Guangzhou Institute of Food Inspection, Guangzhou, 510410, China
| | - Yu-Dong Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety / Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lin Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety / Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety / Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Bruce Hammock
- Department of Entomology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Zhen-Lin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety / Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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