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Pan C, Sun C, Qu X, Yu W, Guo J, Yu Y, Li X. Microbial community interactions determine the mineralization of soil organic phosphorus in subtropical forest ecosystems. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0135523. [PMID: 38334388 PMCID: PMC10913379 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01355-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In subtropical forest ecosystems with few phosphorus (P) inputs, P availability and forest productivity depend on soil organic P (Po) mineralization. However, the mechanisms by which the microbial community determines the status and fate of soil Po mineralization remain unclear. In the present study, soils were collected from three typical forest types: secondary natural forest (SNF), mixed planting, and monoculture forest of Chinese fir. The P fractions, Po-mineralization ability, and microbial community in the soils of different forest types were characterized. In addition, we defined Po-mineralizing taxa with the potential to interact with the soil microbial community to regulate Po mineralization. We found that a higher labile P content persisted in SNF and was positively associated with the Po-mineralization capacity of the soil microbial community. In vitro cultures of soil suspensions revealed that soil Po mineralization of three forest types was distinguished by differences in the composition of fungal communities. We further identified broad phylogenetic lineages of Po-mineralizing fungi with a high intensity of positive interactions with the soil microbial community, implying that the facilitation of Po-mineralizing taxa is crucial for soil P availability. Our dilution experiments to weaken microbial interactions revealed that in SNF soil, which had the highest interaction intensity of Po-mineralizing taxa with the community, Po-mineralization capacity was irreversibly lost after dilution, highlighting the importance of microbial diversity protection in forest soils. In summary, this study demonstrates that the interactions of Po-mineralizing microorganisms with the soil microbial community are critical for P availability in subtropical forests.IMPORTANCEIn subtropical forest ecosystems with few phosphorus inputs, phosphorus availability and forest productivity depend on soil organic phosphorus mineralization. However, the mechanisms by which the microbial community interactions determine the mineralization of soil organic phosphorus remain unclear. In the present study, soils were collected from three typical forest types: secondary natural forest, mixed planting, and monoculture forest of Chinese fir. We found that a higher soil labile phosphorus content was positively associated with the organic phosphorus mineralization capacity of the soil microbial community. Soil organic phosphorus mineralization of three forest types was distinguished by the differences in the composition of fungal communities. The positive interactions between organic phosphorus-mineralizing fungi and the rest of the soil microbial community facilitated organic phosphorus mineralization. This study highlights the importance of microbial diversity protection in forest soils and reveals the microbial mechanism of phosphorus availability maintenance in subtropical forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Pan
- College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, China
| | - Chenchen Sun
- College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinjing Qu
- College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenruinan Yu
- College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiahuan Guo
- College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanchun Yu
- College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaogang Li
- College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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2
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Yang L, Guo Y, Yang H, Li S, Zhang Y, Hao L. Taxonomic and functional assembly cues enrich the endophytic tobacco microbiota across epiphytic compartments. mSphere 2024; 9:e0060723. [PMID: 38085017 PMCID: PMC10826349 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00607-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The plant microbiome plays a critical role in plant growth, development, and health, with endophytes being recognized as essential members due to their close interactions with host plants. However, knowledge gaps remain in understanding the mechanisms driving the colonization and establishment of endophytic communities. To address this issue, we investigated the microbiota of tobacco roots and leaves, including both epiphytic and endophytic microorganisms. We found that Actinobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria were significantly enriched in the root endosphere. Additionally, we identified higher abundances of functional traits involved in antibiotic synthesis, plant cell wall degradation, iron metabolism, secretion systems, and nicotine degradation enzymes in the endosphere. We further studied metagenome-assembled genomes from the rhizosphere and root endosphere, revealing a greater diversity of secondary metabolites in bacteria within the root endosphere. Together, this study provides insights into the taxonomic and functional assembly cues that may contribute to shaping the endophytic plant microbiota.IMPORTANCEThe presence of diverse microorganisms within plant tissues under natural conditions is a well-established fact. However, due to the plant immune system's barrier and the unique microhabitat of the plant interior, it remains unclear what specific characteristics bacteria require to successfully colonize and thrive in the plant endosphere. Recognizing the significance of unraveling these functional features, our study focused on investigating the enriched traits in the endophytic microbiota compared to the epiphytes. Through our research, we have successfully identified the taxonomic and functional assembly cues that drive the enrichment of the endophytic microbiota across the epiphytic compartments. These findings shed new light on the intricate mechanisms of endophyte colonization, thereby deepening our understanding of plant-microbe interactions and paving the way for further advancements in microbiome manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luhua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo, China
| | - Yuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, China
| | - Shun Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo, China
| | - Yunzeng Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Likai Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi’an, China
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3
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Aulitto M, Alfano A, Maresca E, Avolio R, Errico ME, Gentile G, Cozzolino F, Monti M, Pirozzi A, Donsì F, Cimini D, Schiraldi C, Contursi P. Thermophilic biocatalysts for one-step conversion of citrus waste into lactic acid. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:155. [PMID: 38244047 PMCID: PMC10799777 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12904-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Agri-food residues offer significant potential as a raw material for the production of L-lactic acid through microbial fermentation. Weizmannia coagulans, previously known as Bacillus coagulans, is a spore-forming, lactic acid-producing, gram-positive, with known probiotic and prebiotic properties. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of utilizing untreated citrus waste as a sustainable feedstock for the production of L-lactic acid in a one-step process, by using the strain W. coagulans MA-13. By employing a thermophilic enzymatic cocktail (Cellic CTec2) in conjunction with the hydrolytic capabilities of MA-13, biomass degradation was enhanced by up to 62%. Moreover, batch and fed-batch fermentation experiments demonstrated the complete fermentation of glucose into L-lactic acid, achieving a concentration of up to 44.8 g/L. These results point to MA-13 as a microbial cell factory for one-step production of L-lactic acid, by combining cost-effective saccharification with MA-13 fermentative performance, on agri-food wastes. Moreover, the potential of this approach for sustainable valorization of agricultural waste streams is successfully proven. KEY POINTS: • Valorization of citrus waste, an abundant residue in Mediterranean countries. • Sustainable production of the L-( +)-lactic acid in one-step process. • Enzymatic pretreatment is a valuable alternative to the use of chemical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Aulitto
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II,", Naples, Italy
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Italy
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Alberto Alfano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology Naples, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuela Maresca
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II,", Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Avolio
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Maria Emanuela Errico
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Gennaro Gentile
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Flora Cozzolino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy; CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Monti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy; CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy
| | - Annachiara Pirozzi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Francesco Donsì
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Donatella Cimini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology Naples, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy.
| | - Chiara Schiraldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology Naples, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Patrizia Contursi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II,", Naples, Italy.
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133, Palermo, Italy.
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4
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Bombardi L, Salini A, Aulitto M, Zuliani L, Andreolli M, Bordoli P, Coltro A, Vitulo N, Zaccone C, Lampis S, Fusco S. Lignocellulolytic Potential of Microbial Consortia Isolated from a Local Biogas Plant: The Case of Thermostable Xylanases Secreted by Mesophilic Bacteria. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1090. [PMID: 38256164 PMCID: PMC10816813 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulose biomasses (LCB), including spent mushroom substrate (SMS), pose environmental challenges if not properly managed. At the same time, these renewable resources hold immense potential for biofuel and chemicals production. With the mushroom market growth expected to amplify SMS quantities, repurposing or disposal strategies are critical. This study explores the use of SMS for cultivating microbial communities to produce carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes). Addressing a research gap in using anaerobic digesters for enriching microbiomes feeding on SMS, this study investigates microbial diversity and secreted CAZymes under varied temperatures (37 °C, 50 °C, and 70 °C) and substrates (SMS as well as pure carboxymethylcellulose, and xylan). Enriched microbiomes demonstrated temperature-dependent preferences for cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin degradation, supported by thermal and elemental analyses. Enzyme assays confirmed lignocellulolytic enzyme secretion correlating with substrate degradation trends. Notably, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), coupled with differential scanning calorimetry (TGA-DSC), emerged as a rapid approach for saccharification potential determination of LCB. Microbiomes isolated at mesophilic temperature secreted thermophilic hemicellulases exhibiting robust stability and superior enzymatic activity compared to commercial enzymes, aligning with biorefinery conditions. PCR-DGGE and metagenomic analyses showcased dynamic shifts in microbiome composition and functional potential based on environmental conditions, impacting CAZyme abundance and diversity. The meta-functional analysis emphasised the role of CAZymes in biomass transformation, indicating microbial strategies for lignocellulose degradation. Temperature and substrate specificity influenced the degradative potential, highlighting the complexity of environmental-microbial interactions. This study demonstrates a temperature-driven microbial selection for lignocellulose degradation, unveiling thermophilic xylanases with industrial promise. Insights gained contribute to optimizing enzyme production and formulating efficient biomass conversion strategies. Understanding microbial consortia responses to temperature and substrate variations elucidates bioconversion dynamics, emphasizing tailored strategies for harnessing their biotechnological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Bombardi
- Biochemistry and Industrial Biotechnology (BIB) Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (L.Z.); (P.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Andrea Salini
- Biochemistry and Industrial Biotechnology (BIB) Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (L.Z.); (P.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Martina Aulitto
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy;
| | - Luca Zuliani
- Biochemistry and Industrial Biotechnology (BIB) Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (L.Z.); (P.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Marco Andreolli
- Lab of Environmental Microbiology & VUCC-DBT Verona University Culture Collection, Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.A.); (S.L.)
| | - Paola Bordoli
- Biochemistry and Industrial Biotechnology (BIB) Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (L.Z.); (P.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Annalaura Coltro
- Biochemistry and Industrial Biotechnology (BIB) Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (L.Z.); (P.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Nicola Vitulo
- Computational Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Claudio Zaccone
- Lab of Soil and Biomass Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Silvia Lampis
- Lab of Environmental Microbiology & VUCC-DBT Verona University Culture Collection, Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.A.); (S.L.)
| | - Salvatore Fusco
- Biochemistry and Industrial Biotechnology (BIB) Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (L.Z.); (P.B.); (A.C.)
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Díaz-García L, Chuvochina M, Feuerriegel G, Bunk B, Spröer C, Streit WR, Rodriguez-R LM, Overmann J, Jiménez DJ. Andean soil-derived lignocellulolytic bacterial consortium as a source of novel taxa and putative plastic-active enzymes. Syst Appl Microbiol 2024; 47:126485. [PMID: 38211536 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2023.126485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
An easy and straightforward way to engineer microbial environmental communities is by setting up liquid enrichment cultures containing a specific substrate as the sole source of carbon. Here, we analyzed twenty single-contig high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) retrieved from a microbial consortium (T6) that was selected by the dilution-to-stimulation approach using Andean soil as inoculum and lignocellulose as a selection pressure. Based on genomic metrics (e.g., average nucleotide and amino acid identities) and phylogenomic analyses, 15 out of 20 MAGs were found to represent novel bacterial species, with one of those (MAG_26) belonging to a novel genus closely related to Caenibius spp. (Sphingomonadaceae). Following the rules and requirements of the SeqCode, we propose the name Andeanibacterium colombiense gen. nov., sp. nov. for this taxon. A subsequent functional annotation of all MAGs revealed that MAG_7 (Pseudobacter hemicellulosilyticus sp. nov.) contains 20, 19 and 16 predicted genes from carbohydrate-active enzymes families GH43, GH2 and GH92, respectively. Its lignocellulolytic gene profile resembles that of MAG_2 (the most abundant member) and MAG_3858, both of which belong to the Sphingobacteriaceae family. Using a database that contains experimentally verified plastic-active enzymes (PAZymes), twenty-seven putative bacterial polyethylene terephthalate (PET)-active enzymes (i.e., alpha/beta-fold hydrolases) were detected in all MAGs. A maximum of five putative PETases were found in MAG_3858, and two PETases were found to be encoded by A. colombiense. In conclusion, we demonstrate that lignocellulose-enriched liquid cultures coupled with genome-resolved metagenomics are suitable approaches to unveil the hidden bacterial diversity and its polymer-degrading potential in Andean soil ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Díaz-García
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Advanced Biomanufacturing Centre, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Maria Chuvochina
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Golo Feuerriegel
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Boyke Bunk
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Cathrin Spröer
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Wolfgang R Streit
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Luis M Rodriguez-R
- Department of Microbiology and Digital Science Center (DiSC), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jörg Overmann
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany; Braunschweig University of Technology, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Diego Javier Jiménez
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Microbiomes and Bioenergy Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.
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Liang J, Chang J, Zhang R, Fang W, Chen L, Ma W, Zhang Y, Yang W, Li Y, Zhang P, Zhang G. Metagenomic analysis reveals the efficient digestion mechanism of corn stover in Angus bull rumen: Microbial community succession, CAZyme composition and functional gene expression. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 336:139242. [PMID: 37330070 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Ruminant rumen is a biological fermentation system that can efficiently degrade lignocellulosic biomass. The knowledge about mechanisms of efficient lignocellulose degradation with rumen microorganisms is still limited. In this study, composition and succession of bacteria and fungi, carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), and functional genes involved in hydrolysis and acidogenesis were revealed during fermentation in Angus bull rumen via metagenomic sequencing. Results showed that degradation efficiency of hemicellulose and cellulose reached 61.2% and 50.4% at 72 h fermentation, respectively. Main bacterial genera were composed of Prevotella, Butyrivibrio, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Fibrobacter, and main fungal genera were composed of Piromyces, Neocallimastix, Anaeromyces, Aspergillus, and Orpinomyces. Principal coordinates analysis indicated that community structure of bacteria and fungi dynamically changed during 72 h fermentation. Bacterial networks with higher complexity had stronger stability than fungal networks. Most CAZyme families showed a significant decrease trend after 48 h fermentation. Functional genes related to hydrolysis decreased at 72 h, while functional genes involved in acidogenesis did not change significantly. These findings provide a in-depth understanding of mechanisms of lignocellulose degradation in Angus bull rumen, and may guide the construction and enrichment of rumen microorganisms in anaerobic fermentation of waste biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Liang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jianning Chang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wei Fang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Le Chen
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Weifang Ma
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yajie Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuehan Li
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Panyue Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Guangming Zhang
- School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China.
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Mamtimin T, Han H, Khan A, Feng P, Zhang Q, Ma X, Fang Y, Liu P, Kulshrestha S, Shigaki T, Li X. Gut microbiome of mealworms (Tenebrio molitor Larvae) show similar responses to polystyrene and corn straw diets. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:98. [PMID: 37147715 PMCID: PMC10161430 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01550-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some insects can degrade both natural and synthetic plastic polymers, their host and gut microbes play crucial roles in this process. However, there is still a scientific gap in understanding how the insect adapted to the polystyrene (PS) diet from natural feed. In this study, we analyzed diet consumption, gut microbiota responses, and metabolic pathways of Tenebrio molitor larvae exposed to PS and corn straw (CS). RESULTS T. molitor larvae were incubated under controlled conditions (25 ± 1 °C, 75 ± 5% humidity) for 30 days by using PS foam with weight-, number-, and size-average molecular weight (Mw, Mn, and Mz) of 120.0, 73.2, and 150.7 kDa as a diet, respectively. The larvae exhibited lower PS consumption (32.5%) than CS (52.0%), and these diets had no adverse effects on their survival. The gut microbiota structures, metabolic pathways, and enzymatic profiles of PS- and CS-fed larvae showed similar responses. The gut microbiota of larvae analysis indicated Serratia sp., Staphylococcus sp., and Rhodococcus sp. were associated with both PS and CS diets. Metatranscriptomic analysis revealed that xenobiotics, aromatic compounds, and fatty acid degradation pathways were enriched in PS- and CS-fed groups; laccase-like multicopper oxidases, cytochrome P450, monooxygenase, superoxidase, and dehydrogenase were involved in lignin and PS degradation. Furthermore, the upregulated gene lac640 in both PS- and CS-fed groups was overexpressed in E. coli and exhibited PS and lignin degradation ability. CONCLUSIONS The high similarity of gut microbiomes adapted to biodegradation of PS and CS indicated the plastics-degrading ability of the T. molitor larvae originated through an ancient mechanism that degrades the natural lignocellulose. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tursunay Mamtimin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huawen Han
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Aman Khan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pengya Feng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaobiao Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yitian Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pu Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Saurabh Kulshrestha
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, India
| | - Toshiro Shigaki
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xiangkai Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
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8
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Carbonaro M, Aulitto M, Gallo G, Contursi P, Limauro D, Fiorentino G. Insight into CAZymes of Alicyclobacillus mali FL18: Characterization of a New Multifunctional GH9 Enzyme. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010243. [PMID: 36613686 PMCID: PMC9820247 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the bio-based era, cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes are biocatalysts used in many industrial processes, playing a key role in the conversion of recalcitrant lignocellulosic waste biomasses. In this context, many thermophilic microorganisms are considered as convenient sources of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes). In this work, a functional genomic annotation of Alicyclobacillus mali FL18, a recently discovered thermo-acidophilic microorganism, showed a wide reservoir of putative CAZymes. Among them, a novel enzyme belonging to the family 9 of glycosyl hydrolases (GHs), named AmCel9, was identified; in-depth in silico analyses highlighted that AmCel9 shares general features with other GH9 members. The synthetic gene was expressed in Escherichia coli and the recombinant protein was purified and characterized. The monomeric enzyme has an optimal catalytic activity at pH 6.0 and has comparable activity at temperatures ranging from 40 °C to 70 °C. It also has a broad substrate specificity, a typical behavior of multifunctional cellulases; the best activity is displayed on β-1,4 linked glucans. Very interestingly, AmCel9 also hydrolyses filter paper and microcrystalline cellulose. This work gives new insights into the properties of a new thermophilic multifunctional GH9 enzyme, that looks a promising biocatalyst for the deconstruction of lignocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Carbonaro
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Aulitto
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Giovanni Gallo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Patrizia Contursi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Danila Limauro
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Fiorentino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
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