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Taub M, Goldshtein A, Boonman A, Eitan O, Hurme E, Greif S, Yovel Y. What determines the information update rate in echolocating bats. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1187. [PMID: 37989853 PMCID: PMC10663583 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05563-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The rate of sensory update is one of the most important parameters of any sensory system. The acquisition rate of most sensory systems is fixed and has been optimized by evolution to the needs of the animal. Echolocating bats have the ability to adjust their sensory update rate which is determined by the intervals between emissions - the inter-pulse intervals (IPI). The IPI is routinely adjusted, but the exact factors driving its regulation are unknown. We use on-board audio recordings to determine how four species of echolocating bats with different foraging strategies regulate their sensory update rate during commute flights. We reveal strong correlations between the IPI and various echolocation and movement parameters. Specifically, the update rate increases when the signals' peak-energy frequency and intensity increases while the update rate decreases when flight speed and altitude increases. We suggest that bats control their information update rate according to the behavioral mode they are engaged in, while always maintaining sensory continuity. Specifically, we suggest that bats apply two modes of attention during commute flights. Our data moreover suggests that bats emit echolocation signals at accurate intervals without the need for external feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mor Taub
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Aya Goldshtein
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
- Department of Collective Behaviour, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behaviour, Konstanz, 78464, Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Arjan Boonman
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Ofri Eitan
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Edward Hurme
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Stefan Greif
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Yossi Yovel
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel.
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel.
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2
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Saldanha S, Cox SL, Militão T, González-Solís J. Animal behaviour on the move: the use of auxiliary information and semi-supervision to improve behavioural inferences from Hidden Markov Models applied to GPS tracking datasets. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2023; 11:41. [PMID: 37488611 PMCID: PMC10367325 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-023-00401-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND State-space models, such as Hidden Markov Models (HMMs), are increasingly used to classify animal tracks into behavioural states. Typically, step length and turning angles of successive locations are used to infer where and when an animal is resting, foraging, or travelling. However, the accuracy of behavioural classifications is seldom validated, which may badly contaminate posterior analyses. In general, models appear to efficiently infer behaviour in species with discrete foraging and travelling areas, but classification is challenging for species foraging opportunistically across homogenous environments, such as tropical seas. Here, we use a subset of GPS loggers deployed simultaneously with wet-dry data from geolocators, activity measurements from accelerometers, and dive events from Time Depth Recorders (TDR), to improve the classification of HMMs of a large GPS tracking dataset (478 deployments) of red-billed tropicbirds (Phaethon aethereus), a poorly studied pantropical seabird. METHODS We classified a subset of fixes as either resting, foraging or travelling based on the three auxiliary sensors and evaluated the increase in overall accuracy, sensitivity (true positive rate), specificity (true negative rate) and precision (positive predictive value) of the models in relation to the increasing inclusion of fixes with known behaviours. RESULTS We demonstrate that even with a small informed sub-dataset (representing only 9% of the full dataset), we can significantly improve the overall behavioural classification of these models, increasing model accuracy from 0.77 ± 0.01 to 0.85 ± 0.01 (mean ± sd). Despite overall improvements, the sensitivity and precision of foraging behaviour remained low (reaching 0.37 ± 0.06, and 0.06 ± 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that the use of a small subset of auxiliary data with known behaviours can both validate and notably improve behavioural classifications of state space models of opportunistic foragers. However, the improvement is state-dependant and caution should be taken when interpreting inferences of foraging behaviour from GPS data in species foraging on the go across homogenous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Saldanha
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.
- Dept Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Av Diagonal 643, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.
| | - Sam L Cox
- Centre National d'Études Spatiales (CNES), Toulouse, 31400, France
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Sète, France
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Sète, France
- MaREI Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Teresa Militão
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Dept Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Av Diagonal 643, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Jacob González-Solís
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Dept Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Av Diagonal 643, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
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3
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Niga Y, Fujioka E, Heim O, Nomi A, Fukui D, Hiryu S. A glimpse into the foraging and movement behaviour of Nyctalus aviator; a complementary study by acoustic recording and GPS tracking. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:230035. [PMID: 37388314 PMCID: PMC10300664 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Species of open-space bats that are relatively large, such as bats from the genus Nyctalus, are considered as high-risk species for collisions with wind turbines (WTs). However, important information on their behaviour and movement ecology, such as the locations and altitudes at which they forage, is still fragmentary, while crucial for their conservation in light of the increasing threat posed by progressing WT construction. We adopted two different methods of microphone array recordings and GPS-tracking capturing data from different spatio-temporal scales in order to gain a complementary understanding of the echolocation and movement ecology of Nyctalus aviator, the largest open-space bat in Japan. Based on microphone array recordings, we found that echolocation calls during natural foraging are adapted for fast flight in open-space optimal for aerial-hawking. In addition, we attached a GPS tag that can simultaneously monitor feeding buzz occurrence, and confirmed that foraging occurred at 300 m altitude and that the flight altitude in mountainous areas is consistent with the turbine conflict zone, suggesting that the birdlike noctule is a high-risk species in Japan. Further investigations on this species could provide valuable insights into their foraging and movement ecology, facilitating the development of a risk assessment regarding WTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Niga
- Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara miyakodani, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
| | - Emyo Fujioka
- Organization for Research Initiatives and Development, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara miyakodani, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
- The University of Tokyo Hokkaido Forest, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 9-61, Yamabe-Higashimachi, Furano, Hokkaido 079-1563, Japan
| | - Olga Heim
- Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara miyakodani, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
| | - Akito Nomi
- Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara miyakodani, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
| | - Dai Fukui
- The University of Tokyo Hokkaido Forest, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 9-61, Yamabe-Higashimachi, Furano, Hokkaido 079-1563, Japan
| | - Shizuko Hiryu
- Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara miyakodani, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
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4
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Stidsholt L, Hubancheva A, Greif S, Goerlitz HR, Johnson M, Yovel Y, Madsen PT. Echolocating bats prefer a high risk-high gain foraging strategy to increase prey profitability. eLife 2023; 12:e84190. [PMID: 37070239 PMCID: PMC10112884 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Predators that target multiple prey types are predicted to switch foraging modes according to prey profitability to increase energy returns in dynamic environments. Here, we use bat-borne tags and DNA metabarcoding of feces to test the hypothesis that greater mouse-eared bats make immediate foraging decisions based on prey profitability and changes in the environment. We show that these bats use two foraging strategies with similar average nightly captures of 25 small, aerial insects and 29 large, ground-dwelling insects per bat, but with much higher capture success in the air (76%) vs ground (30%). However, owing to the 3-20 times larger ground prey, 85% of the nightly food acquisition comes from ground prey despite the 2.5 times higher failure rates. We find that most bats use the same foraging strategy on a given night suggesting that bats adapt their hunting behavior to weather and ground conditions. We conclude that these bats use high risk-high gain gleaning of ground prey as a primary foraging tactic, but switch to aerial hunting when environmental changes reduce the profitability of ground prey, showing that prey switching matched to environmental dynamics plays a key role in covering the energy intake even in specialized predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Stidsholt
- Zoophysiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Antoniya Hubancheva
- Acoustic and Functional Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Biological IntelligenceSeewiesenGermany
- Department of Animal Diversity and Resources, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of SciencesSofiaBulgaria
| | - Stefan Greif
- Acoustic and Functional Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Biological IntelligenceSeewiesenGermany
- Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Holger R Goerlitz
- Acoustic and Functional Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Biological IntelligenceSeewiesenGermany
| | - Mark Johnson
- Zoophysiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Yossi Yovel
- Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Peter T Madsen
- Zoophysiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
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5
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Johnson E, Campos-Cerqueira M, Jumail A, Yusni ASA, Salgado-Lynn M, Fornace K. Applications and advances in acoustic monitoring for infectious disease epidemiology. Trends Parasitol 2023; 39:386-399. [PMID: 36842917 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Emerging infectious diseases continue to pose a significant burden on global public health, and there is a critical need to better understand transmission dynamics arising at the interface of human activity and wildlife habitats. Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM), more typically applied to questions of biodiversity and conservation, provides an opportunity to collect and analyse audio data in relative real time and at low cost. Acoustic methods are increasingly accessible, with the expansion of cloud-based computing, low-cost hardware, and machine learning approaches. Paired with purposeful experimental design, acoustic data can complement existing surveillance methods and provide a novel toolkit to investigate the key biological parameters and ecological interactions that underpin infectious disease epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Johnson
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
| | | | - Amaziasizamoria Jumail
- Danau Girang Field Centre c/o Sabah Wildlife Department, Wisma Muis, Block B, 5th Floor, 88100 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia; Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Ashraft Syazwan Ahmady Yusni
- Danau Girang Field Centre c/o Sabah Wildlife Department, Wisma Muis, Block B, 5th Floor, 88100 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia; Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Milena Salgado-Lynn
- Danau Girang Field Centre c/o Sabah Wildlife Department, Wisma Muis, Block B, 5th Floor, 88100 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia; Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; Wildlife Health, Genetic and Forensic Laboratory, c/o Sabah Wildlife Department, Wisma Muis, Block B, 5th Floor, 88100 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah
| | - Kimberly Fornace
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; Centre for Climate Change and Planetary Health and Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore; National University Health System, Singapore 117549, Singapore
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6
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Barbour N, Robillard AJ, Shillinger GL, Lyubchich V, Secor DH, Fagan WF, Bailey H. Clustering and classification of vertical movement profiles for ecological inference of behavior. Ecosphere 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Barbour
- Chesapeake Biological Laboratory University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science Solomons Maryland USA
- Department of Biology University of Maryland College Park Maryland USA
- Upwell Monterey California USA
| | - Alexander J. Robillard
- Chesapeake Biological Laboratory University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science Solomons Maryland USA
- Data Science Lab, Office of the Chief Information Officer Smithsonian Institution Washington DC USA
| | - George L. Shillinger
- Upwell Monterey California USA
- Hopkins Marine Station Stanford University Pacific Grove California USA
| | - Vyacheslav Lyubchich
- Chesapeake Biological Laboratory University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science Solomons Maryland USA
| | - David H. Secor
- Chesapeake Biological Laboratory University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science Solomons Maryland USA
| | - William F. Fagan
- Department of Biology University of Maryland College Park Maryland USA
| | - Helen Bailey
- Chesapeake Biological Laboratory University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science Solomons Maryland USA
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7
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Wang X, Bao M, Xu N, Sun R, Dai W, Sun K, Wang H, Feng J. Full-Length Transcriptome of Myotis pilosus as a Reference Resource and Mining of Auditory and Immune Related Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010062. [PMID: 36613506 PMCID: PMC9820712 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rickett's big-footed bat, Myotis pilosus, which belongs to the family Vespertilionida, is the only known piscivorous bat in East Asia. Accurate whole genome and transcriptome annotations are essential for the study of bat biological evolution. The lack of a whole genome for M. pilosus has limited our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the species' evolution, echolocation, and immune response. In the present work, we sequenced the entire transcriptome using error-corrected PacBio single-molecule real-time (SMRT) data. Then, a total of 40 GB of subreads were generated, including 29,991 full-length non-chimeric (FLNC) sequences. After correction by Illumina short reads and de-redundancy, we obtained 26,717 error-corrected isoforms with an average length of 3018.91 bp and an N50 length of 3447 bp. A total of 1528 alternative splicing (AS) events were detected by transcriptome structural analysis. Furthermore, 1032 putative transcription factors (TFs) were identified, with additional identification of several long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) with high confidence. Moreover, several key genes, including PRL-2, DPP4, Glul, and ND1 were also identified as being associated with metabolism, immunity, nervous system processes, and auditory perception. A multitude of pattern recognition receptors was identified, including NLR, RLR, SRCR, the antiviral molecule IRF3, and the IFN receptor subunit IFNAR1. High-quality reference genomes at the transcriptome level may be used to quantify gene or transcript expression, evaluate alternative splicing levels, identify novel transcripts, and enhance genome annotation in bats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Mingyue Bao
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Ningning Xu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Ruyi Sun
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Wentao Dai
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Keping Sun
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (J.F.)
| | - Jiang Feng
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (J.F.)
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8
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Bach P, Voigt CC, Göttsche M, Bach L, Brust V, Hill R, Hüppop O, Lagerveld S, Schmaljohann H, Seebens‐Hoyer A. Offshore and coastline migration of radio‐tagged Nathusius' pipistrelles. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.12783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Vera Brust
- Institute of Avian Research Wilhelmshaven Germany
| | | | - Ommo Hüppop
- Institute of Avian Research Wilhelmshaven Germany
| | | | - Heiko Schmaljohann
- Institute of Avian Research Wilhelmshaven Germany
- Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences (IBU), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg Oldenburg Germany
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9
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Kohles JE, O'Mara MT, Dechmann DKN. A conceptual framework to predict social information use based on food ephemerality and individual resource requirements. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:2039-2056. [PMID: 35932159 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Environmental variability poses a range of challenges to foraging animals trying to meet their energetic needs. Where food patches are unpredictable but shareable, animals can use social information to locate patches more efficiently or reliably. However, resource unpredictability can be heterogeneous and complex. The behavioural strategies animals employ to exploit such resources also vary, particularly if, when, and where animals use available social information. We reviewed the literature on social information use by foraging animals and developed a novel framework that integrates four elements - (1) food resource persistence; (2) the relative value of social information use; (3) behavioural context (opportunistic or coordinated); and (4) location of social information use - to predict and characterize four strategies of social information use - (1) local enhancement; (2) group facilitation; (3) following; and (4) recruitment. We validated our framework by systematically reviewing the growing empirical literature on social foraging in bats, an ideal model taxon because they exhibit extreme diversity in ecological niche and experience low predation risk while foraging but function at high energy expenditures, which selects for efficient foraging behaviours. Our framework's predictions agreed with the observed natural behaviour of bats and identified key knowledge gaps for future studies. Recent advancements in technology, methods, and analysis will facilitate additional studies in bats and other taxa to further test the framework and our conception of the ecological and evolutionary forces driving social information use. Understanding the links between food distribution, social information use, and foraging behaviour will help elucidate social interactions, group structure, and the evolution of sociality for species across the animal kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna E Kohles
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Am Obstberg 1, 78315, Radolfzell, Germany.,Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464, Konstanz, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464, Konstanz, Germany.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
| | - M Teague O'Mara
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Am Obstberg 1, 78315, Radolfzell, Germany.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama.,Department of Biological Sciences, Southeastern Louisiana University, 808 N. Pine Street, Hammond, LA, 70402, USA
| | - Dina K N Dechmann
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Am Obstberg 1, 78315, Radolfzell, Germany.,Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464, Konstanz, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464, Konstanz, Germany.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
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10
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Mallon JM, Bildstein KL, Fagan WF. Inclement weather forces stopovers and prevents migratory progress for obligate soaring migrants. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2021; 9:39. [PMID: 34246320 PMCID: PMC8272267 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-021-00274-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migrating birds experience weather conditions that change with time, which affect their decision to stop or resume migration. Soaring migrants are especially sensitive to changing weather conditions because they rely on the availability of environmental updrafts to subsidize flight. The timescale that local weather conditions change over is on the order of hours, while stopovers are studied at the daily scale, creating a temporal mismatch. METHODS We used GPS satellite tracking data from four migratory Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura) populations, paired with local weather data, to determine if the decision to stopover by migrating Turkey Vultures was in response to changing local weather conditions. We analyzed 174 migrations of 34 individuals from 2006 to 2019 and identified 589 stopovers based on variance of first passage times. We also investigated if the extent of movement activity correlated with average weather conditions experienced during a stopover, and report general patterns of stopover use by Turkey Vultures between seasons and across populations. RESULTS Stopover duration ranged from 2 h to more than 11 days, with 51 % of stopovers lasting < 24 h. Turkey Vultures began stopovers immediately in response to changes in weather variables that did not favor thermal soaring (e.g., increasing precipitation fraction and decreasing thermal updraft velocity) and their departure from stopovers was associated with improvements in weather that favored thermal development. During stopovers, proportion of activity was negatively associated with precipitation but was positively associated with temperature and thermal updraft velocity. CONCLUSIONS The rapid response of migrating Turkey Vultures to changing weather conditions indicates weather-avoidance is one of the major functions of their stopover use. During stopovers, however, the positive relationship between proportion of movement activity and conditions that promote thermal development suggests not all stopovers are used for weather-avoidance. Our results show that birds are capable of responding rapidly to their environment; therefore, for studies interested in external drivers of weather-related stopovers, it is essential that stopovers be identified at fine temporal scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Mallon
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
| | - Keith L Bildstein
- Hawk Mountain Sanctuary, Acopian Center for Conservation Learning, 410 Summer Valley Road, Orwigsburg, PA, 17961, USA
| | - William F Fagan
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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11
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Ocampo‐González P, López‐Wilchis R, Espinoza‐Medinilla EE, Rioja‐Paradela TM. A review of the breeding biology of Chiroptera. Mamm Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/mam.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Ocampo‐González
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias en Biodiversiad y Conservación de Ecosistemas Tropicales Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas Libramiento Norte Poniente 1150, Colonia Lajas Maciel Tuxtla Gutiérrez Chiapas29039México
| | - Ricardo López‐Wilchis
- Departamento de Biología Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana‐Iztapalapa Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina Ciudad de México09340México
| | - Eduardo E. Espinoza‐Medinilla
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas Libramiento Norte Poniente 1150, Colonia Lajas Maciel Tuxtla Gutiérrez Chiapas29039México
| | - Tamara M. Rioja‐Paradela
- Posgrado en Ciencias en Desarrollo Sustentable y Gestión de Riesgos Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas Libramiento Norte Poniente 1150, Colonia Lajas Maciel Tuxtla Gutiérrez Chiapas29039México
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12
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Walton Z, Mattisson J. Down a hole: missing GPS positions reveal birth dates of an underground denning species, the red fox. Mamm Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42991-020-00089-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractGlobal positioning system (GPS) technology is increasingly used to study animal behavior. However, some animals exhibit behaviors that may result in the failure to acquire a GPS position, such as for species with underground denning behavior. This creates a challenge for researchers to identify the timing of important life-history events such as birth. Here, we tested if information gaps arising from unsuccessful GPS positions, in connection with intrinsic and extrinsic factors, can identify parturition events in an underground denning species, the red fox. Using data from 30 GPS collared female red foxes during the approximate parturition period of 1 March–31 May, we calculated the proportion of successful GPS positions per day. We then compared the patterns of successful GPS positions for females of known reproductive status to those known not to have reproduced and a subset of females for which reproductive status was unknown. Females confirmed to have pups (n = 11) and two females of unknown reproductive status showed a significant difference in the proportion of successful GPS positions compared to females without pups, illustrating that parturition and denning activity could be identified from GPS data. None of the 12 subadult females were identified as denning. Parturition date, identified as the day with the lowest GPS fix rate within the five-day period with the lowest proportion of successful GPS positions, ranged from 20 March–14 May, with a mean parturition date of 12 April. We, therefore, conclude that important biological information, such as reproductive status and parturition dates, can be identified from patterns of missing GPS positions for some underground denning species.
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Schloesing E, Chambon R, Tran A, Choden K, Ravon S, Epstein JH, Hoem T, Furey N, Labadie M, Bourgarel M, De Nys HM, Caron A, Cappelle J. Patterns of foraging activity and fidelity in a southeast Asian flying fox. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2020; 8:46. [PMID: 33292573 PMCID: PMC7652672 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-020-00232-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improved understanding of the foraging ecology of bats in the face of ongoing habitat loss and modification worldwide is essential to their conservation and maintaining the substantial ecosystem services they provide. It is also fundamental to assessing potential transmission risks of zoonotic pathogens in human-wildlife interfaces. We evaluated the influence of environmental and behavioral variables on the foraging patterns of Pteropus lylei (a reservoir of Nipah virus) in a heterogeneous landscape in Cambodia. METHODS We employed an approach based on animal-movement modeling, which comprised a path-segmentation method (hidden Markov model) to identify individual foraging-behavior sequences in GPS data generated by eight P. lylei. We characterized foraging localities, foraging activity, and probability of returning to a given foraging locality over consecutive nights. Generalized linear mixed models were also applied to assess the influence of several variables including proxies for energetic costs and quality of foraging areas. RESULTS Bats performed few foraging bouts (area-restricted searches) during a given night, mainly in residential areas, and the duration of these decreased during the night. The probability of a bat revisiting a given foraging area within 48 h varied according to the duration previously spent there, its distance to the roost site, and the corresponding habitat type. We interpret these fine-scale patterns in relation to global habitat quality (including food-resource quality and predictability), habitat-familiarity and experience of each individual. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence that heterogeneous human-made environments may promote complex patterns of foraging-behavior and short-term re-visitation in fruit bat species that occur in such landscapes. This highlights the need for similarly detailed studies to understand the processes that maintain biodiversity in these environments and assess the potential for pathogen transmission in human-wildlife interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Schloesing
- UMR ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Rémi Chambon
- Université de Rennes - unité BOREA (MNHN Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UCN, IRD UA), Rennes, France
| | - Annelise Tran
- UMR TETIS, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | | | | | | | - Thavry Hoem
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Neil Furey
- Fauna & Flora International (Cambodia), Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- Harrison Institute, Sevenoaks, UK
| | - Morgane Labadie
- UMR ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Mathieu Bourgarel
- UMR ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- UMR ASTRE, CIRAD, RP-PCP, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Hélène M De Nys
- UMR ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- UMR ASTRE, CIRAD, RP-PCP, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Alexandre Caron
- UMR ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Faculdade de Veterinaria, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Julien Cappelle
- UMR ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- UMR EPIA, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
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Boonman A, Rieger I, Amichai E, Greif S, Eitan O, Goldshtein A, Yovel Y. Echolocating bats can adjust sensory acquisition based on internal cues. BMC Biol 2020; 18:166. [PMID: 33167988 PMCID: PMC7654590 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00904-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sensory systems acquire both external and internal information to guide behavior. Adjustments based on external input are much better documented and understood than internal-based sensory adaptations. When external input is not available, idiothetic—internal—cues become crucial for guiding behavior. Here, we take advantage of the rapid sensory adjustments exhibited by bats in order to study how animals rely on internal cues in the absence of external input. Constant frequency echolocating bats are renowned for their Doppler shift compensation response used to adjust their emission frequency in order to optimize sensing. Previous studies documented the importance of external echoes for this response. Results We show that the Doppler compensation system works even without external feedback. Bats experiencing accelerations in an echo-free environment exhibited an intact compensation response. Moreover, using on-board GPS tags on free-flying bats in the wild, we demonstrate that the ability to perform Doppler shift compensation response based on internal cues might be essential in real-life when echo feedback is not available. Conclusions We thus show an ecological need for using internal cues as well as an ability to do so. Our results illustrate the robustness of one particular sensory behavior; however, we suggest this ability to rely on different streams of information (i.e., internal or external) is probably relevant for many sensory behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjan Boonman
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Itai Rieger
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eran Amichai
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel. .,Ecology, Evolution, Environment and Society Graduate Program, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
| | - Stefan Greif
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ofri Eitan
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Aya Goldshtein
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yossi Yovel
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel. .,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel. .,School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Kabalika Z, Morrison TA, McGill RAR, Munishi LK, Ekwem D, Mahene WL, Lobora AL, Newton J, Morales JM, Haydon DT, Hopcraft GGJC. Tracking animal movements using biomarkers in tail hairs: a novel approach for animal geolocating from sulfur isoscapes. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2020; 8:37. [PMID: 32968486 PMCID: PMC7501629 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-020-00222-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current animal tracking studies are most often based on the application of external geolocators such as GPS and radio transmitters. While these technologies provide detailed movement data, they are costly to acquire and maintain, which often restricts sample sizes. Furthermore, deploying external geolocators requires physically capturing and recapturing of animals, which poses an additional welfare concern. Natural biomarkers provide an alternative, non-invasive approach for addressing a range of geolocation questions and can, because of relatively low cost, be collected from many individuals thereby broadening the scope for population-wide inference. METHODS We developed a low-cost, minimally invasive method for distinguishing between local versus non-local movements of cattle using sulfur isotope ratios (δ34S) in cattle tail hair collected in the Greater Serengeti Ecosystem, Tanzania. RESULTS We used a Generalized Additive Model to generate a predicted δ34S isoscape across the study area. This isoscape was constructed using spatial smoothers and underpinned by the positive relationship between δ34S values and lithology. We then established a strong relationship between δ34S from recent sections of cattle tail hair and the δ34S from grasses sampled in the immediate vicinity of an individual's location, suggesting δ34S in the hair reflects the δ34S in the environment. By combining uncertainty in estimation of the isoscape, with predictions of tail hair δ34S given an animal's position in the isoscape we estimated the anisotropic distribution of travel distances across the Serengeti ecosystem sufficient to detect movement using sulfur stable isotopes. CONCLUSIONS While the focus of our study was on cattle, this approach can be modified to understand movements in other mobile organisms where the sulfur isoscape is sufficiently heterogeneous relative to the spatial scale of animal movements and where tracking with traditional methods is difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zabibu Kabalika
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - Thomas A. Morrison
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - Rona A. R. McGill
- National Environmental Isotope Facility, Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G75 0QF UK
| | - Linus K. Munishi
- Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST), P.O. Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Divine Ekwem
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - Wilson Leonidas Mahene
- Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST), P.O. Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Alex L. Lobora
- Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute (TAWIRI), P.O Box 661, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Jason Newton
- National Environmental Isotope Facility, Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G75 0QF UK
| | - Juan M. Morales
- INIBIOMA, CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Daniel T. Haydon
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - Grant G. J. C. Hopcraft
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
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