1
|
Johnson E, Campos-Cerqueira M, Jumail A, Yusni ASA, Salgado-Lynn M, Fornace K. Applications and advances in acoustic monitoring for infectious disease epidemiology. Trends Parasitol 2023; 39:386-399. [PMID: 36842917 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Emerging infectious diseases continue to pose a significant burden on global public health, and there is a critical need to better understand transmission dynamics arising at the interface of human activity and wildlife habitats. Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM), more typically applied to questions of biodiversity and conservation, provides an opportunity to collect and analyse audio data in relative real time and at low cost. Acoustic methods are increasingly accessible, with the expansion of cloud-based computing, low-cost hardware, and machine learning approaches. Paired with purposeful experimental design, acoustic data can complement existing surveillance methods and provide a novel toolkit to investigate the key biological parameters and ecological interactions that underpin infectious disease epidemiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Johnson
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
| | | | - Amaziasizamoria Jumail
- Danau Girang Field Centre c/o Sabah Wildlife Department, Wisma Muis, Block B, 5th Floor, 88100 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia; Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Ashraft Syazwan Ahmady Yusni
- Danau Girang Field Centre c/o Sabah Wildlife Department, Wisma Muis, Block B, 5th Floor, 88100 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia; Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Milena Salgado-Lynn
- Danau Girang Field Centre c/o Sabah Wildlife Department, Wisma Muis, Block B, 5th Floor, 88100 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia; Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; Wildlife Health, Genetic and Forensic Laboratory, c/o Sabah Wildlife Department, Wisma Muis, Block B, 5th Floor, 88100 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah
| | - Kimberly Fornace
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; Centre for Climate Change and Planetary Health and Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore; National University Health System, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Brown R, Salgado-Lynn M, Jumail A, Jalius C, Chua TH, Vythilingam I, Ferguson HM. Exposure of Primate Reservoir Hosts to Mosquito Vectors in Malaysian Borneo. Ecohealth 2022; 19:233-245. [PMID: 35553290 PMCID: PMC9276546 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-022-01586-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Several vector-borne pathogens of primates have potential for human spillover. An example is the simian malaria Plasmodium knowlesi which is now a major public health problem in Malaysia. Characterization of exposure to mosquito vectors is essential for assessment of the force of infection within wild simian populations, however few methods exist to do so. Here we demonstrate the use of thermal imaging and mosquito magnet independence traps (MMIT) to assess the abundance, diversity and infection rates in mosquitoes host seeking near long-tailed macaque (Macaca fasicularis) sleeping sites in the Lower Kinabatangan Wildlife Sanctuary, Malaysian Borneo. The primary Plasmodium knowlesi vector, Anopheles balabacensis, was trapped at higher abundance near sleeping sites than control trees. Although none of the An. balabacensis collected (n = 15) were positive for P. knowlesi by PCR screening, two were infected with another simian malaria Plasmodium inui. Analysis of macaque stools from sleeping sites confirmed a high prevalence of Plasmodium infection, suspected to be P. inui. Recently, natural transmission of P. inui has been detected in humans and An. cracens in Peninsular Malaysia. The presence of P. inui in An. balabacensis here and previously in human-biting collections highlight its potential for spillover from macaques to humans in Sabah. We advocate the use of MMITs for non-invasive sampling of mosquito vectors that host seek on wild simian populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Brown
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK.
| | - Milena Salgado-Lynn
- Danau Girang Field Centre C/O Sabah Wildlife Department, Wisma Muis, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
- School of Biosciences and Sustainable Places Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Wildlife Health, Genetic and Forensic Laboratory, Kampung Potuki, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Amaziasizamoria Jumail
- Danau Girang Field Centre C/O Sabah Wildlife Department, Wisma Muis, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Cyrlen Jalius
- Wildlife Health, Genetic and Forensic Laboratory, Kampung Potuki, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Tock-Hing Chua
- Department of Pathobiology and Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Indra Vythilingam
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Heather M Ferguson
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Frias L, Hasegawa H, Chua TH, Sipangkui S, Stark DJ, Salgado-Lynn M, Goossens B, Keuk K, Okamoto M, MacIntosh AJJ. Parasite community structure in sympatric Bornean primates. Int J Parasitol 2021; 51:925-933. [PMID: 33862059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Parasites are important components of ecosystems, influencing trophic networks, competitive interactions and biodiversity patterns. Nonetheless, we are not nearly close to disentangling their complex roles in natural systems. Southeast Asia falls within global areas targeted as most likely to source parasites with zoonotic potential, where high rates of land conversion and fragmentation have altered the circulation of wildlife species and their parasites, potentially resulting in altered host-parasite systems. Although the overall biodiversity in the region predicts equally high, or even higher, parasite diversity, we know surprisingly little about wild primate parasites, even though this constitutes the first step towards a more comprehensive understanding of parasite transmission processes. Here, we characterise the gastrointestinal helminth parasite assemblages of a community of Bornean primates living along the Kinabatangan floodplain in Sabah (Malaysian Borneo), including two species endemic to the island. Through parasitological analyses, and by using several measures of parasite infection as proxies for parasite diversity and distribution, we show that (i) most parasite taxonomic groups are not limited to a single host, suggesting a greater flexibility for habitat disturbance, (ii) parasite infracommunities of nocturnal primates differ from their diurnal counterparts, reflecting both phylogenetic and ecological constraints, and (iii) soil-transmitted helminths such as whipworm, threadworm and nodule worm are widespread across the primate community. This study also provides new parasite records for southern pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina), silvered langurs (Trachypithecus cristatus) and Western tarsiers (Cephalopachus bancanus) in the wild, while adding to the limited records for the other primate species in the community. Given the information gap regarding primate-parasite associations in the region, the information presented here should prove relevant for future studies of parasite biodiversity and infectious disease ecology in Asia and elsewhere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth Frias
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan; Danau Girang Field Centre, Lower Kinabatangan Wildlife Sanctuary, Sabah, Malaysia.
| | - Hideo Hasegawa
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Tock H Chua
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | | | - Danica J Stark
- Danau Girang Field Centre, Lower Kinabatangan Wildlife Sanctuary, Sabah, Malaysia; Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Milena Salgado-Lynn
- Danau Girang Field Centre, Lower Kinabatangan Wildlife Sanctuary, Sabah, Malaysia; Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Wildlife Health, Genetic and Forensic Laboratory, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia; Sustainable Places Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Benoit Goossens
- Danau Girang Field Centre, Lower Kinabatangan Wildlife Sanctuary, Sabah, Malaysia; Sabah Wildlife Department, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia; Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Sustainable Places Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kenneth Keuk
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan
| | | | - Andrew J J MacIntosh
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan; Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jumail A, Liew TS, Salgado-Lynn M, Fornace KM, Stark DJ. A comparative evaluation of thermal camera and visual counting methods for primate census in a riparian forest at the Lower Kinabatangan Wildlife Sanctuary (LKWS), Malaysian Borneo. Primates 2020; 62:143-151. [PMID: 32572697 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-020-00837-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A number of primate census techniques have been developed over the past half-century, each of which have advantages and disadvantages in terms of resources required by researchers (e.g., time and costs), availability of technologies, and effectiveness in different habitat types. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of a thermal imaging technique to estimate the group size of different primate species populations in a degraded riparian forest in the Lower Kinabatangan Wildlife Sanctuary (LKWS), Sabah. We compared this survey technique to the conventional visual counting method along the riverbank. For 38 days, a total of 138 primate groups were observed by thermal camera and visually throughout the study. Optimal conditions for the thermal camera were clear weather, not more than 100 m distance from the observer to the targeted area, boat speed ranging between 5 and 12 km/h, and early morning between 04:30 and 05:30 am. The limitations of the thermal cameras include the inability to identify individual species, sexes, age classes, and also to discern between animals closely aggregated (i.e., mothers with attached infants). Despite these limitations with the thermal camera technique, 1.78 times more primates were detected than counting by eye (p < 0.001), showing the potential benefit of using thermal cameras as an important tool in primate surveys. Nevertheless, ground truthing must be conducted immediately after, or simultaneously during, the thermal survey to verify the species of animals observed on the thermal imagery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amaziasizamoria Jumail
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. .,Danau Girang Field Centre, c/o Sabah Wildlife Department, Wisma MUIS, Block B 5th Floor, 88100, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
| | - Thor-Seng Liew
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Milena Salgado-Lynn
- Danau Girang Field Centre, c/o Sabah Wildlife Department, Wisma MUIS, Block B 5th Floor, 88100, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.,School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK.,Sustainable Places Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3BA, UK
| | - Kimberly M Fornace
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, Bloomsbury, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Danica J Stark
- Danau Girang Field Centre, c/o Sabah Wildlife Department, Wisma MUIS, Block B 5th Floor, 88100, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Stark DJ, Fornace KM, Brock PM, Abidin TR, Gilhooly L, Jalius C, Goossens B, Drakeley CJ, Salgado-Lynn M. Long-Tailed Macaque Response to Deforestation in a Plasmodium knowlesi-Endemic Area. Ecohealth 2019; 16:638-646. [PMID: 30927165 PMCID: PMC6910895 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-019-01403-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Land-use changes can impact infectious disease transmission by increasing spatial overlap between people and wildlife disease reservoirs. In Malaysian Borneo, increases in human infections by the zoonotic malaria Plasmodium knowlesi are hypothesised to be due to increasing contact between people and macaques due to deforestation. To explore how macaque responses to environmental change impact disease risks, we analysed movement of a GPS-collared long-tailed macaque in a knowlesi-endemic area in Sabah, Malaysia, during a deforestation event. Land-cover maps were derived from satellite-based and aerial remote sensing data and models of macaque occurrence were developed to evaluate how macaque habitat use was influenced by land-use change. During deforestation, changes were observed in macaque troop home range size, movement speeds and use of different habitat types. Results of models were consistent with the hypothesis that macaque ranging behaviour is disturbed by deforestation events but begins to equilibrate after seeking and occupying a new habitat, potentially impacting human disease risks. Further research is required to explore how these changes in macaque movement affect knowlesi epidemiology on a wider spatial scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danica J. Stark
- Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX UK
- Danau Girang Field Centre, c/o Sabah Wildlife Department, Wisma Muis Block B Floor 5, 88100 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah Malaysia
| | - Kimberly M. Fornace
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Patrick M. Brock
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH UK
| | - Tommy Rowel Abidin
- Infectious Diseases Society Kota Kinabalu- Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Lauren Gilhooly
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Western Ontario, Social Science Building, London, N6A 3K7 Canada
| | - Cyrlen Jalius
- Danau Girang Field Centre, c/o Sabah Wildlife Department, Wisma Muis Block B Floor 5, 88100 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah Malaysia
- Wildlife Health, Genetic and Forensic Laboratory, Sabah Wildlife Department, Wisma Muis, 88100 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah Malaysia
| | - Benoit Goossens
- Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX UK
- Danau Girang Field Centre, c/o Sabah Wildlife Department, Wisma Muis Block B Floor 5, 88100 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah Malaysia
- Sabah Wildlife Department, Wisma Muis, 88100 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah Malaysia
- Sustainable Places Research Institute, Cardiff University, 33 Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3BA UK
| | - Chris J. Drakeley
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Milena Salgado-Lynn
- Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX UK
- Danau Girang Field Centre, c/o Sabah Wildlife Department, Wisma Muis Block B Floor 5, 88100 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah Malaysia
- Wildlife Health, Genetic and Forensic Laboratory, Sabah Wildlife Department, Wisma Muis, 88100 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah Malaysia
- Sustainable Places Research Institute, Cardiff University, 33 Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3BA UK
| |
Collapse
|