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Mason B, Cervena B, Frias L, Goossens B, Hasegawa H, Keuk K, Langgeng A, Majewski K, Matsumoto T, Matsuura K, Mendonça R, Okamoto M, Peter S, Petrzelkova KJ, Sipangkui S, Xu Z, Pafco B, MacIntosh AJJ. Novel insight into the genetic diversity of strongylid nematodes infecting South-East and East Asian primates. Parasitology 2024; 151:514-522. [PMID: 38629119 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182024000386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
With many non-human primates (NHPs) showing continued population decline, there is an ongoing need to better understand their ecology and conservation threats. One such threat is the risk of disease, with various bacterial, viral and parasitic infections previously reported to have damaging consequences for NHP hosts. Strongylid nematodes are one of the most commonly reported parasitic infections in NHPs. Current knowledge of NHP strongylid infections is restricted by their typical occurrence as mixed infections of multiple genera, which are indistinguishable through traditional microscopic approaches. Here, modern metagenomics approaches were applied for insight into the genetic diversity of strongylid infections in South-East and East Asian NHPs. We hypothesized that strongylid nematodes occur in mixed communities of multiple taxa, dominated by Oesophagostomum, matching previous findings using single-specimen genetics. Utilizing the Illumina MiSeq platform, ITS-2 strongylid metabarcoding was applied to 90 samples from various wild NHPs occurring in Malaysian Borneo and Japan. A clear dominance of Oesophagostomum aculeatum was found, with almost all sequences assigned to this species. This study suggests that strongylid communities of Asian NHPs may be less species-rich than those in African NHPs, where multi-genera communities are reported. Such knowledge contributes baseline data, assisting with ongoing monitoring of health threats to NHPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethan Mason
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Cervena
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Liesbeth Frias
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Benoit Goossens
- Danau Girang Field Centre, c/o Sabah Wildlife Department, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
- Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Hideo Hasegawa
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Kenneth Keuk
- Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Inuyama Campus, Inuyama, Japan
| | - Abdullah Langgeng
- Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Inuyama Campus, Inuyama, Japan
| | - Kasia Majewski
- Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Inuyama Campus, Inuyama, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsumoto
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Japan
| | - Keiko Matsuura
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Renata Mendonça
- Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Centre for Functional Ecology - Science for People & the Planet, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Munehiro Okamoto
- Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior (EHUB), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Steve Peter
- Kulliyah of Science, Department of Biotechnology, International Islamic University of Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Klara J Petrzelkova
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Liberec Zoo, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | | | - Zhihong Xu
- Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Inuyama Campus, Inuyama, Japan
| | - Barbora Pafco
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
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Li H, Ren Z, Wang W, Shen F, Huang J, Wang C, Lu J, Pan X, Xiao L, Feng Y, Yuan D. A combined amplicon approach to nematode polyparasitism occurring in captive wild animals in southern China. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:94. [PMID: 38419103 PMCID: PMC10900558 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06173-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) nematodes prefer to live in the intestines of wild animals, causing damage and even death, and posing a zoonotic risk. The polyparasitism of GIT nematodes results in the complex dynamics of the nematode communities that occur naturally in wild animals. However, the nematode community in captive wild animals is poorly understood. METHODS We combined microscopic examination and amplicon sequencing for community diversity. RESULTS We characterized GIT nematode assemblages to one order, one family, four genera, and ten species, in 512 fecal samples of 121 species from captive wild animals in southern China. The positive rate of GIT nematodes was 20.7% (106/512), including 42.3% (11/26) in reptiles, 26.5% (39/147) in herbivores, 25.0% (25/100) in non-human primates, 20.0% (5/25) in omnivores, 12.2% (9/74) in carnivores, and 12.1% (17/140) in avians. The dominant nematodes were Haemonchus contortus in herbivores and Trichuris species in primates. The nematode communities of arboreal primates differed from their terrestrial counterparts, reflecting both host phylogeny and ecological constraints. Soil-transmitted Strongyloides species were widespread throughout the herbivore, primate, avian, and carnivore communities, and tended to infect omnivorous primates and terrestrial herbivores. In addition, new Trichuris and Heterakis species were found in the nematode communities of captive porcupines and peafowls. CONCLUSION This study highlights the variation in the composition of the GIT nematode community and strengthens the attention to the harms induced by zoonotic nematodes and co-infective nematodes with low species richness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Li
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhengjiu Ren
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Weijian Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Fei Shen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jingyi Huang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Chuyue Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jinzhi Lu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xi Pan
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lihua Xiao
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yaoyu Feng
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Dongjuan Yuan
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Frias L, Manin BO, Guerrero-Sánchez S, Sipangkui S, Chua TH. Detection of echinostomatid trematode eggs at the forest-oil palm interface in Sabah, Malaysia. Parasitology 2024; 151:181-184. [PMID: 38167272 PMCID: PMC10941037 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182023001257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we report the occurrence of echinostomatid eggs in feces of wildlife, domestic animals and humans frequenting the forest–oil palm plantation interface in the Kinabatangan (Sabah, Malaysia), and discuss potential implications for public health. Using microscopy, we detected echinostomatid eggs in six host species, including Asian palm civets (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus [13/18]), leopard cats (Prionailurus bengalensis [3/4]), long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis [1/10]), domestic dogs [3/5] and cats [1/1], and humans [7/9]. Molecular analysis revealed a close genetic proximity of civet echinostomatids to Artyfechinostomum malayanum, a zoonotic parasite of public health relevance. The intermediate hosts for A. malayanum have been reported in at least 3 districts in Sabah, suggesting that all the necessary elements required for the completion of the parasite's life cycle are present. Our findings point at the presence of zoonotic trematodes in an area with high human–wildlife interaction and highlight the potential public and animal health concern of zoonotic trematode infection in the context of Southeast Asia's rapidly changing ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth Frias
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Benny Obrain Manin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Sergio Guerrero-Sánchez
- Centre for Applied One Health Research and Policy Advice, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | | | - Tock H. Chua
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
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Guerrero-Sanchez S, Frias L, Saimin S, Orozco-terWengel P, Goossens B. The fast-food effect: costs of being a generalist in a human-dominated landscape. Conserv Physiol 2023; 11:coad055. [PMID: 37588622 PMCID: PMC10427121 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coad055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural expansion in Southeast Asia has converted most natural landscapes into mosaics of forest interspersed with plantations, dominated by the presence of generalist species that benefit from resource predictability. Dietary shifts, however, can result in metabolic alterations and the exposure of new parasites that can impact animal fitness and population survival. Our study focuses on the Asian water monitor lizard (Varanus salvator), one of the largest predators in the Asian wetlands, as a model species to understand the health consequences of living in a human-dominated landscape in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. We evaluated the effects of dietary diversity on the metabolism of monitor lizards and the impact on the composition of their parasite communities in an oil palm-dominated landscape. Our results showed that (1) rodent-dominated diets were associated with high levels of lipids, proteins and electrolytes, akin to a fast-food-based diet of little representativeness of the full nutritional requirements, but highly available, and (2) lizards feeding on diverse diets hosted more diverse parasite communities, however, at overall lower parasite prevalence. Furthermore, we observed that the effect of diet on lipid concentration differed depending on the size of individual home ranges, suggesting that sedentarism plays an important role in the accumulation of cholesterol and triglycerides. Parasite communities were also affected by a homogeneous dietary behaviour, as well as by habitat type. Dietary diversity had a negative effect on both parasite richness and prevalence in plantations, but not in forested areas. Our study indicates that human-dominated landscapes can pose a negative effect on generalist species and hints to the unforeseen health consequences for more vulnerable taxa using the same landscapes. Thus, it highlights the potential role of such a widely distributed generalist as model species to monitor physiological effects in the ecosystem in an oil palm-dominated landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Guerrero-Sanchez
- Centre for Applied One Health Research and Policy Advice, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong. To Yuen Building. 31 To Yuen Street, Kowloon, HK
- Organisms and Environment Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Liesbeth Frias
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases. No. 8 College Road, Singapore 169857
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
| | - Silvester Saimin
- Sabah Wildlife Department, 5th Floor, Block B, Wisma Muis, Jalan Access Bomba Negeri, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, 88100 Malaysia
| | - Pablo Orozco-terWengel
- Organisms and Environment Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Benoit Goossens
- Organisms and Environment Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
- Sabah Wildlife Department, 5th Floor, Block B, Wisma Muis, Jalan Access Bomba Negeri, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, 88100 Malaysia
- Danau Girang Field Centre, c/o Sabah Wildlife Department, 5th Floor, Block B, Wisma Muis, Jalan Access Bomba Negeri, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, 88100 Malaysia
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Willenborg CM, Červená B, Thompson P, Rosario E, Ruaux C, Vogelnest L, Šlapeta J. Giardia duodenalis in a clinically healthy population of captive zoo chimpanzees: Rapid antigen testing, diagnostic real-time PCR and faecal microbiota profiling. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2022; 17:308-318. [PMID: 35342712 PMCID: PMC8943339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Giardia duodenalis is one of the most common intestinal parasites of humans, with a worldwide distribution. Giardia duodenalis has been reported in both wild and captive populations of non-human primates, namely chimpanzees. In this study we investigated an entire troop of clinically healthy chimpanzees (n = 21) for the presence of G. duodenalis and its association with faecal microbiota profile. Faecal samples (n = 26) were collected from the chimpanzee exhibit from a zoo in Sydney, Australia. Diagnosis of G. duodenalis was made using a Rapid Antigen Test (RAT) as a point-of-care-test and compared to a reference standard real-time PCR test. Approximately half of the chimpanzee faecal samples tested positive for G. duodenalis by both RAT (13/26, 50%) and real-time PCR (14/26, 53.85%). The RAT sensitivity was 85.7% (95% CI: 63.8%–96%) and specificity was 91.7% (95% CI: 68.3%–99%) when compared to the in-house real-time PCR. Genotyping of the samples revealed the presence of zoonotic assemblage B. Microscopic analysis revealed the presence of Troglodytella spp. (14/26), Balantioides sp. (syn. Balantidium sp.) (8/26) as well as Entamoeba spp. (3/26). Microbiota profile based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the community was significantly different between G. duodenalis positive and negative samples if RAT results were taken into an account, but not real-time PCR diagnostics results. Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi were the significant features in the dataset that separated G. duodenalis positive and negative samples using LEfSe analysis. Being able to rapidly test for G. duodenalis in captive populations of primates assists in point-of-care diagnostics and may better identify animals with subclinical disease. Under the investigated conditions of the zoo setting, however, presence of G. duodenalis either detected by RAT or real-time PCR was not associated with clinically apparent disease in captive chimpanzees. Whole troop investigation of healthy captive chimpanzees for Giardia duodenalis. Whole chimpanzee troop faecal microbiota profiled. Diagnosing G. duodenalis with Rapid Antigen Test (RAT) as a point-of-care-test. Comparison of RAT and reference real-time PCR test. Presence of G. duodenalis assemblage B.
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