1
|
Wang H, Qin Y, Niu J, Chen H, Lu X, Wang R, Han J. Evolving perspectives on evaluating obesity: from traditional methods to cutting-edge techniques. Ann Med 2025; 57:2472856. [PMID: 40077889 PMCID: PMC11912248 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2025.2472856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2025] [Accepted: 02/12/2025] [Indexed: 03/14/2025] Open
Abstract
Objective: This review examines the evolution of obesity evaluation methods, from traditional anthropometric indices to advanced imaging techniques, focusing on their clinical utility, limitations, and potential for personalized assessment of visceral adiposity and associated metabolic risks. Methods: A comprehensive analysis of existing literature was conducted, encompassing anthropometric indices (BMI, WC, WHR, WHtR, NC), lipid-related metrics (LAP, VAI, CVAI, mBMI), and imaging technologies (3D scanning, BIA, ultrasound, DXA, CT, MRI). The study highlights the biological roles of white, brown, and beige adipocytes, emphasizing visceral adipose tissue (VAT) as a critical mediator of metabolic diseases. Conclusion: Although BMI and other anthropometric measurements are still included in the guidelines, indicators that incorporate lipid metabolism information can more accurately reflect the relationship between metabolic diseases and visceral obesity. At the same time, the use of more modern medical equipment, such as ultrasound, X-rays, and CT scans, allows for a more intuitive assessment of the extent of visceral obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heyue Wang
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yaxin Qin
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jinzhu Niu
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Haowen Chen
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xinda Lu
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jianli Han
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mo Q, Deng X, Zhou Z, Yin L. High-Fat Diet and Metabolic Diseases: A Comparative Analysis of Sex-Dependent Responses and Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2025; 26:4777. [PMID: 40429918 PMCID: PMC12112597 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26104777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2025] [Revised: 05/10/2025] [Accepted: 05/14/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in metabolic disorders and susceptibility to chronic diseases induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) exhibit significant dimorphic characteristics. A long-standing male-centric bias in medical research and healthcare, predominantly focused on male physiological traits, has hindered the precise treatment of metabolic diseases in female patients. A comprehensive understanding of sex differences in metabolic health and their underlying mechanisms is crucial for advancing personalized health promotion and precision medicine. This review systematically elucidates sex-specific manifestations in high-fat diet-associated metabolic disorders: males predominantly develop visceral adiposity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, accompanied by a significantly elevated risk of cardiovascular and metabolic syndromes. Premenopausal females maintain metabolic homeostasis through the estrogen-mediated optimization of glucose and lipid metabolism and oxidative stress buffering mechanisms, whereas postmenopausal-phase females experience dramatic metabolic vulnerability due to z loss of protective barriers. Furthermore, we emphasize multidimensional mechanistic interpretations of metabolic sexual dimorphism from perspectives including sex chromosome complement, sex hormone signaling pathways, epigenetic regulation, gut microbiota composition, and neuroendocrine dimorphism. This work provides critical theoretical foundations for rectifying unisex research paradigms and optimizing sex-specific early warning systems and precision therapeutic strategies for metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lijun Yin
- School of Sports, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (Q.M.); (X.D.); (Z.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang S, Han B, Wang X, Yuan X. Modulation of adipose tissue phenotype and longevity-related gene expression by nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 knockdown in 3T3-L1 cells. Hormones (Athens) 2025:10.1007/s42000-025-00669-9. [PMID: 40341662 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-025-00669-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2025] [Indexed: 05/10/2025]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study explores the role of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in regulating adipose tissue phenotype and its potential mechanisms for promoting aging resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The study aims to evaluate the impact of Nrf2 knockdown on adipose phenotype transformation, focusing on brown adipose tissue (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT) marker genes, as well as longevity-related factors. METHODS 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated into adipocytes using a standard MDI regimen. Nrf2 expression was knocked down via siRNA transfection. Gene expression was assessed using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), and protein levels were analyzed using Western blotting. RESULTS Nrf2 knockdown was confirmed by Western blot (p<0.001) and qPCR (p<0.001), showing a significant reduction in Nrf2 expression. Notably, this knockdown resulted in increased expression of BAT markers, including PGC-1α (p = 0.012), Dio2 (p = 0.020), and PRDM16 (p = 0.001), at both mRNA (PGC-1α [p = 0.012], Dio2 [p = 0.020], and PRDM16 [p = 0.001]) and protein (PGC-1α [p = 0.001]; Dio2 [p = 0.003]; PRDM16 [p = 0.007])levels. Conversely, WAT markers such as BMP4 (mRNA: p = 0.01; WB: p = 0.001), resistin (mRNA: p = 0.016; WB: p = 0.004), and Rb1 (mRNA: p = 0.03; WB: p = 0.003) were significantly downregulated. Additionally, levels of Cycs (mRNA: p = 0.024; WB: p = 0.037) and UCP1 (mRNA: p = 0.024; WB: p = 0.023) were elevated, indicating enhanced mitochondrial function and metabolic activity (P < 0.05). The knockdown also affected longevity-related proteins, Sirt1 (WB: p = 0.018) and AMPKα (WB: p = 0.021), underscoring Nrf2's role in metabolic regulation. CONCLUSION Nrf2 knockdown in 3T3-L1 adipocytes promotes a transition towards a brown adipose phenotype and enhances the expression of longevity-related factors, suggesting Nrf2 as a potential therapeutic target for addressing aging-related metabolic decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sai Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Neurology, Hebei Hospital, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, 89 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050030, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Neurology, Hebei Hospital, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, 89 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050030, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Neurology, Hebei Hospital, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, 89 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050030, China
| | - Xiaoyang Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
- Department of Neurology, Hebei Hospital, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, 89 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rial SA, You Z, Vivoli A, Paré F, Sean D, AlKhoury A, Lavoie G, Civelek M, Martinez-Sanchez A, Roux PP, Durcan TM, Lim GE. 14-3-3ζ allows for adipogenesis by modulating chromatin accessibility during the early stages of adipocyte differentiation. Mol Metab 2025; 97:102159. [PMID: 40306359 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2025.102159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2025] [Revised: 04/17/2025] [Accepted: 04/23/2025] [Indexed: 05/02/2025] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We previously established the scaffold protein 14-3-3ζ as a critical regulator of adipogenesis and adiposity, but whether 14-3-3ζ exerted its regulatory functions in mature adipocytes or in adipose progenitor cells (APCs) remained unclear. METHODS To decipher which cell type accounted for 14-3-3ζ-regulated adiposity, adipocyte- (Adipoq14-3-3ζKO) and APC-specific (Pdgfra14-3-3ζKO) 14-3-3ζ knockout mice were generated. To further understand how 14-3-3ζ regulates adipogenesis, Tandem Affinity Purification (TAP)-tagged 14-3-3ζ-expressing 3T3-L1 preadipocytes (TAP-3T3-L1) were generated with CRISPR-Cas9, and affinity proteomics was used to examine how the nuclear 14-3-3ζ interactome changes during the initial stages of adipogenesis. ATAC-seq was used to determine how 14-3-3ζ depletion modulates chromatin accessibility during differentiation. RESULTS We show a pivotal role for 14-3-3ζ in APC differentiation, whereby male and female Pdgfra14-3-3ζKO mice displayed impaired or potentiated weight gain, respectively, as well as fat mass. Proteomics revealed that regulators of chromatin remodeling, like DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), were significantly enriched in the nuclear 14-3-3ζ interactome and their activities were impacted upon 14-3-3ζ depletion. Enhancing DNMT activity with S-Adenosyl methionine rescued the differentiation of 14-3-3ζ-depleted 3T3-L1 cells. ATAC-seq revealed that 14-3-3ζ depletion impacted the accessibility of up to 1,244 chromatin regions corresponding in part to adipogenic genes, promoters, and enhancers during the initial stages of adipogenesis. Finally, 14-3-3ζ-regulated chromatin accessibility correlated with the expression of key adipogenic genes. CONCLUSION Our study establishes 14-3-3ζ as a crucial epigenetic regulator of adipogenesis and highlights the usefulness of deciphering the nuclear 14-3-3ζ interactome to identify novel pro-adipogenic factors and pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabri A Rial
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Cardiometabolic Axis, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - Zhipeng You
- The Neuro's Early Drug Discovery Unit (EDDU), McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Alexis Vivoli
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Cardiometabolic Axis, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Fédéric Paré
- Cardiometabolic Axis, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Daphné Sean
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Cardiometabolic Axis, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Amal AlKhoury
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Cardiometabolic Axis, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Geneviève Lavoie
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mete Civelek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States; Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, United States
| | - Aida Martinez-Sanchez
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Philippe P Roux
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas M Durcan
- The Neuro's Early Drug Discovery Unit (EDDU), McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Gareth E Lim
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Cardiometabolic Axis, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang H, Xiong P, Zheng T, Hu Y, Guo P, Shen T, Zhou X. Combination of Berberine and Evodiamine Alleviates Obesity by Promoting Browning in 3T3-L1 Cells and High-Fat Diet-Induced Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2025; 26:4170. [PMID: 40362407 PMCID: PMC12072149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26094170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2025] [Revised: 04/13/2025] [Accepted: 04/24/2025] [Indexed: 05/15/2025] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine has long acknowledged the therapeutic potential of Tetradium ruticarpum (A.Juss.) T.G.Hartley together with Coptis chinensis Franch in managing metabolic disorders. However, their combined anti-obesity effects and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly characterized. This study investigates the synergistic anti-obesity effects and mechanisms of a combined berberine and evodiamine treatment (BBE) in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced C57BL/6J mice and 3T3-L1 cells. In vitro, cell viability was evaluated using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), while lipid accumulation was assessed through Oil Red O staining and triglyceride content determination. Molecular docking simulations performed with AutoDockTools 1.5.6 software Vina predicted interactions between BBE and key proteins. The analysis of genes and proteins involved in browning and thermogenesis was conducted using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. In vivo, HFD-induced mice were assessed for serum lipids profiles, glucose, insulin, adipocytokines, fat tissue morphology (Hematoxylin and eosin staining), mitochondrial activity (flow cytometry), and protein expression (immunofluorescence). Molecular docking analysis revealed strong binding affinities between BBE and key target proteins, including UCP1, PGC-1α, PRDM16, CIDEA, FGF21, and FGFR1c. BBE significantly reduced lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells, upregulated the mRNA expression of Prdm16, Cidea, Ucp1, and Dio2, elevated UCP1 and PGC-1α protein levels, and activated the FGF21/PGC-1α signaling pathway. In HFD-induced mice, BBE administration led to reduced body weight, smaller adipocyte size, increased adipocyte number, and alleviated hepatic steatosis. Furthermore, it lowered serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and levels of triglycerides (TG), while simultaneously increasing concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). BBE also improved glucose tolerance, reduced fasting insulin levels, and modulated adipocytokine levels (reduced leptin, increased adiponectin), while promoting browning gene and protein expression. Overall, the combination of berberine and evodiamine mitigates obesity by enhancing browning and activating the FGF21/PGC-1α signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xin Zhou
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (H.Z.); (P.X.); (T.Z.); (Y.H.); (P.G.); (T.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tilg H, Ianiro G, Gasbarrini A, Adolph TE. Adipokines: masterminds of metabolic inflammation. Nat Rev Immunol 2025; 25:250-265. [PMID: 39511425 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01103-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2024] [Indexed: 11/15/2024]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is an immunologically active organ that controls host physiology, partly through the release of mediators termed adipokines. In obesity, adipocytes and infiltrating leukocytes produce adipokines, which include the hormones adiponectin and leptin and cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor and IL-1β. These adipokines orchestrate immune responses that are collectively referred to as metabolic inflammation. Consequently, metabolic inflammation characterizes metabolic disorders and promotes distinct disease aspects, such as insulin resistance, metabolic dysfunction-associated liver disease and cardiovascular complications. In this unifying concept, adipokines participate in the immunological cross-talk that occurs between metabolically active organs in metabolic diseases, highlighting the fundamental role of adipokines in obesity and their potential for therapeutic intervention. Here, we summarize how adipokines shape metabolic inflammation in mice and humans, focusing on their contribution to metabolic disorders in the setting of obesity and discussing their value as therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Gianluca Ianiro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, UOC Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, UOC Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Timon E Adolph
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Forst T, De Block C, Del Prato S, Frias J, Lautenbach A, Ludvik B, Marinez M, Mathieu C, Müller TD, Schnell O. Novel pharmacotherapies for weight loss: Understanding the role of incretins to enable weight loss and improved health outcomes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2025; 27 Suppl 2:48-65. [PMID: 39931897 DOI: 10.1111/dom.16247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2025] [Accepted: 01/26/2025] [Indexed: 04/17/2025]
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) are widespread diseases that significantly impact cardiovascular and renal morbidity and mortality. In the recent years, intensive research has been performed to assess the role of adipose tissue and body fat distribution in the development of metabolic and non-metabolic complications in individuals with obesity. In addition to lifestyle modifications, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1-RA) have become a meaningful treatment expansion for the management of both disorders. In addition to improving metabolic control and reducing body weight, treatment with GLP-1-RAs reduces cardiovascular and renal events in individuals with obesity with and without diabetes. These important benefits of GLP-1-RAs have triggered new interest in other enteroendocrine and enteropancreatic peptides for treating obesity and its metabolic and non-metabolic consequences. The first peptide dual-agonist targeting glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and GLP-1 receptors has been approved for the treatment of T2D and obesity. GIP/GLP-1 dual-agonism appear to provide better metabolic control and greater weight reduction compared with GLP-1-R mono-agonism. Other peptide and non-peptide co-agonists are in clinical development for obesity, T2D, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and other metabolic disorders. This narrative review aims to summarize the available data on approved and emerging enteroendocrine and enteropancreatic based treatment approaches for obesity and metabolic disorders. In addition to available clinical efficacy measures, side effects, limitations and open challenges will also be addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Forst
- CRS Clinical Research Services GmbH, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christophe De Block
- Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology, Antwerp University Hospital and University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stefano Del Prato
- Interdisciplinary Research Center "Health Science," Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
| | - Juan Frias
- Biomea Fusion, Redwood City, California, USA
| | - Anne Lautenbach
- University Medical-Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Ludvik
- Landstrasse Clinic and Karl Landsteiner Institute for Obesity and Metabolic Disorders, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Timo D Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Walther-Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Schnell
- Forschergruppe Diabetes E.V. at the Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yki-Järvinen H, Luukkonen PK. Function of PNPLA3 I148M-Lessons From In Vivo Studies in Humans. Liver Int 2025; 45:e70047. [PMID: 40052746 DOI: 10.1111/liv.70047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2025] [Revised: 01/31/2025] [Accepted: 02/16/2025] [Indexed: 05/13/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Steatotic liver disease (SLD) associated with insulin resistance (IR) and the metabolic syndrome ('IR-SLD') increases the risk of liver disease, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). SLD associated with the PNPLA3 I148M variant ('PNPLA3-SLD') also predisposes individuals to liver disease but protects against type 2 diabetes and CVD. Although in real life the two causes of SLD commonly co-exist, the opposite effects of 'IR-SLD' and 'PNPLA3-SLD' on CVD and liver disease suggest their pathogenesis differs. METHODS AND RESULTS This review summarises human data comparing the effects of 'IR-SLD' and 'PNPLA3-SLD' on the human liver lipidome, hepatic handling of fatty acids, pathways of intrahepatocellular triglyceride synthesis, circulating lipids and lipoproteins and adipose tissue inflammation. We also discuss how steatosis in PNPLA3 I148M carriers leads to defects in mitochondrial function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannele Yki-Järvinen
- Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Panu K Luukkonen
- Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Koysombat K, Tsoutsouki J, Patel AH, Comninos AN, Dhillo WS, Abbara A. Kisspeptin and neurokinin B: roles in reproductive health. Physiol Rev 2025; 105:707-764. [PMID: 39813600 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00015.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 10/17/2024] [Accepted: 11/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2025] Open
Abstract
Kisspeptin and neurokinin B (NKB) play a key role in several physiological processes including in puberty, adult reproductive function including the menstrual cycle, as well as mediating the symptoms of menopause. Infundibular kisspeptin neurons, which coexpress NKB, regulate the activity of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons and thus the physiological pulsatile secretion of GnRH from the hypothalamus. Outside of their hypothalamic reproductive roles, these peptides are implicated in several physiological functions including sexual behavior and attraction, placental function, and bone health. Over the last two decades, research findings have considerably enhanced our understanding of the physiological regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and identified potential therapeutic applications. For example, recognition of the role of kisspeptin as the natural inductor of ovulation has led to research investigating its use as a safer, more physiological trigger of oocyte maturation in in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. Moreover, the key role of NKB in the pathophysiology of menopausal hot flashes has led to the development of pharmacological antagonism of this pathway. Indeed, fezolinetant, a neurokinin 3 receptor antagonist, has recently received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for clinical use to treat menopausal vasomotor symptoms. Here, we discuss the roles of kisspeptin and NKB in human physiology, including in the regulation of puberty, menstrual cyclicity, reproductive behavior, pregnancy, menopause, and bone homeostasis. We describe how perturbations of these key physiological processes can result in disease states and consider how kisspeptin and NKB could be exploited diagnostically as well as therapeutically to treat reproductive disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanyada Koysombat
- Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jovanna Tsoutsouki
- Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aaran H Patel
- Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander N Comninos
- Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Waljit S Dhillo
- Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Abbara
- Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Manceau R, Anthony P, Hryhorczuk C, Labbé P, Thorin-Trescases N, Fulton S, Thorin É. Sexually dimorphic effects of angiopoietin-like 2 on energy metabolism and hypothalamic neuropeptide regulation. Int J Obes (Lond) 2025:10.1038/s41366-025-01754-0. [PMID: 40133699 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-025-01754-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2025] [Accepted: 03/17/2025] [Indexed: 03/27/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipokines regulate body weight and metabolism by targeting the hypothalamus, influencing feeding, energy expenditure (EE) and insulin sensitivity. Angiopoietin-like 2 (Angptl2) is a pro-inflammatory adipokine linking obesity to insulin resistance. Both Angptl2 and its receptor are expressed in the central nervous system. Yet, the contribution of Angptl2 to the regulation of energy metabolism and relevant hypothalamic neuropeptides in male and female mice is unknown. We aim at determining the impact of Angptl2 knockdown (KD) on energy balance, nutrient partitioning and hypothalamic responses to a standard (STD) or high-fat diet (HFD) in mice. METHODS Three-month-old male and female Angptl2-KD mice and wildtype (WT) littermates were fed 16 weeks either a STD or a HFD. Body weight, food consumption and insulin sensitivity were assessed along with measurements of EE, respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and locomotor activity. We quantified the expression of Angptl2 and its receptors itga5, mag and pirb in the medio-basal hypothalamus (MBH) of WT mice, and MBH neuropeptide Y (NPY), agouti-related neuropeptide (AgRP) and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene expression in both KD and control fasting mice. RESULTS Lack of Angptl2 reduced food intake in males on both diets, and in females on HFD. In KD males, this anorexigenic effect was associated with lower body weight, increased EE, improved insulin sensitivity and lower hypothalamic orexigenic NPY expression compared to controls. Female Angptl2-KD mice however, exhibited unaltered body weight, EE and insulin sensitivity, and elevated NPY, AgRP and MC4R expression compared to controls. Fasting caused an increase in the MBH of mag expression in males and females but Angptl2 expression only in female mice. CONCLUSIONS Angptl2 KD improved diet-induced obesity and associated metabolic dysfunction in male mice. The lack of similar changes in female mice and divergent MBH neuropeptide profile suggest that sex-dependent mechanisms underly the anabolic effects of this proinflammatory adipokine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romane Manceau
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CR-CHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Pinçon Anthony
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Charles River Laboratories, 22022 Transcanadienne, Senneville, QC, H9X 3R3, Canada
| | - Cécile Hryhorczuk
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CR-CHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Pauline Labbé
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Stephanie Fulton
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CR-CHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Éric Thorin
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Berdowska I, Matusiewicz M, Fecka I. A Comprehensive Review of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: Its Mechanistic Development Focusing on Methylglyoxal and Counterbalancing Treatment Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2025; 26:2394. [PMID: 40141037 PMCID: PMC11942149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26062394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2025] [Revised: 02/21/2025] [Accepted: 03/04/2025] [Indexed: 03/28/2025] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a multifactorial disorder characterized by excessive lipid accumulation in the liver which dysregulates the organ's function. The key contributor to MASLD development is insulin resistance (IR) which affects many organs (including adipose tissue, skeletal muscles, and the liver), whereas the molecular background is associated with oxidative, nitrosative, and carbonyl stress. Among molecules responsible for carbonyl stress effects, methylglyoxal (MGO) seems to play a major pathological function. MGO-a by-product of glycolysis, fructolysis, and lipolysis (from glycerol and fatty acids-derived ketone bodies)-is implicated in hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. Its causative effect in the stimulation of prooxidative and proinflammatory pathways has been well documented. Since metabolic dysregulation leading to these pathologies promotes MASLD, the role of MGO in MASLD is addressed in this review. Potential MGO participation in the mechanism of MASLD development is discussed in regard to its role in different signaling routes leading to pathological events accelerating the disorder. Moreover, treatment strategies including approved and potential therapies in MASLD are overviewed and discussed in this review. Among them, medications aimed at attenuating MGO-induced pathological processes are addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Berdowska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Chałubińskiego 10, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Matusiewicz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Chałubińskiego 10, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Izabela Fecka
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li J, Liu T, Xian M, Zhou K, Wei J. The Power of Exercise: Unlocking the Biological Mysteries of Peripheral-Central Crosstalk in Parkinson's Disease. J Adv Res 2025:S2090-1232(25)00143-2. [PMID: 40049515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2025.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 01/06/2025] [Accepted: 03/01/2025] [Indexed: 03/22/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise is a widely recognized non-pharmacological treatment for Parkinson's Disease (PD). The bidirectional regulation between the brain and peripheral organs has emerged as a promising area of research, with the mechanisms by which exercise impacts PD closely linked to the interplay between peripheral signals and the central nervous system. AIM OF REVIEW This review aims to summarize the mechanisms by which exercise influences peripheral-central crosstalk to improve PD, discuss the molecular processes mediating these interactions, elucidate the pathways through which exercise may modulate PD pathophysiology, and identify directions for future research. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW This review examines how exercise-induced cytokine release promotes neuroprotection in PD. It discusses how exercise can stimulate cytokine secretion through various pathways, including the gut-brain, muscle-brain, liver-brain, adipose-brain, and bone-brain axes, thereby alleviating PD symptoms. Additionally, the potential contributions of the heart-brain, lung-brain, and spleen-brain axes, as well as multi-axis crosstalk-such as the brain-gut-muscle and brain-gut-bone axes-are explored in the context of exercise therapy. The study highlights the need for further research into peripheral-central crosstalk and outlines future directions to address challenges in clinical PD therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Li
- Institute for Sports and Brain Health, School of Physical Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Meiyan Xian
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Ke Zhou
- Institute for Sports and Brain Health, School of Physical Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China.
| | - Jianshe Wei
- Institute for Sports and Brain Health, School of Physical Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China; Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ziqubu K, Mazibuko-Mbeje SE, Dludla PV. Regulation of adipokine and batokine secretion by dietary flavonoids, as a prospective therapeutic approach for obesity and its metabolic complications. Biochimie 2025; 230:95-113. [PMID: 39551425 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2024] [Revised: 10/27/2024] [Accepted: 11/13/2024] [Indexed: 11/19/2024]
Abstract
Traditionally recognised as the energy reservoir and main site of adaptive thermogenesis, white and brown adipose tissues are complex endocrine organs regulating systemic energy metabolism via the secretion of bioactive molecules, termed "adipokines" and "batokines", respectively. Due to its significant role in regulating whole-body energy metabolism and other physiological processes, adipose tissue has been increasingly explored as a feasible therapeutic target for obesity. Flavonoids are one of the most significant plant polyphenolic compounds holding a great potential as therapeutic agents for combating obesity. However, understanding their mechanisms of action remains largely insufficient to formulate therapeutic theories. This review critically discusses scientific evidence highlighting the role of flavonoids in ameliorating obesity-related metabolic complications, including adipose tissue dysfunction, inflammation, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and cardiovascular comorbidities in part by modulating the release of adipokines and batokines. Further discussion advocates for the use of therapeutics targeting these bioactive molecules as a potential avenue for developing effective treatment for obesity and its adverse metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khanyisani Ziqubu
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mmabatho 2745, South Africa
| | | | - Phiwayinkosi V Dludla
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Qiu C, Lu Y, Wu S, Guo W, Ni J, Song J, Liu Z, Chang X, Wang K, Sun P, Zhang Q, Yang S, Li K. Blocking Adipocyte YY1 Decouples Thermogenesis From Beneficial Metabolism by Promoting Spermidine Production. Diabetes 2025; 74:295-307. [PMID: 39621859 DOI: 10.2337/db24-0501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 11/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2025]
Abstract
The accumulation of mitochondria in thermogenic adipose tissue (i.e., brown and beige fat) increases energy expenditure, which can aid in alleviating obesity and metabolic disorders. However, recent studies have shown that knocking out key proteins required to maintain mitochondrial function inhibits the energy expenditure in thermogenic fat, and yet the knockout (KO) mice are unexpectedly protected from developing obesity or metabolic disorders when fed a high-fat diet (HFD). In the current study, nonbiased sequencing-based screening revealed the importance of Yin Yang 1 (YY1) in the transcription of electron transport chain genes and the enhancement of mitochondrial function in thermogenic adipose tissue. Specifically, YY1 adipocyte-null (YAKO) mice showed lower energy expenditure and were intolerant to cold stress. Interestingly, YAKO mice showed alleviation of HFD-induced metabolic disorders, which can be attributed to a suppression of adipose tissue inflammation. Metabolomic analysis revealed that blocking YY1 directed glucose metabolism toward lactate, enhanced the uptake of glutamine, and promoted the production of anti-inflammatory spermidine. Conversely, blocking spermidine production in YAKO mice reversed their resistance to HFD-induced disorders. Thus, although blocking adipocyte YY1 impairs the thermogenesis, it promotes spermidine production, alleviates adipose tissue inflammation, and therefore leads to an uncoupling of adipose tissue energy expenditure from HFD-induced metabolic disorders. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS Chromatin open atlas profiling in white, beige, and brown adipocytes identified Yin Yang 1 (YY1) as a key transcription factor governing electron transport chain gene expression and mitochondrial function in thermogenic adipocytes. Knocking out adipocyte YY1 leads to impaired thermogenesis under cold stress while protecting the mice from diet-induced obesity and metabolic disorders. YY1-null adipocytes undergo metabolic reprogramming, with increased glutamine use and spermidine generation that combat adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance, resulting in an uncoupling of thermogenic capacity and metabolic benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of the Model Animal Research, Animal Core Facility of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Suyang Wu
- Department of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenli Guo
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiahao Ni
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiyuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zichao Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoai Chang
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Medical Center, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Department of Medical Technology, Anhui Medical College, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shufang Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhong Q, Liu H, Feng Y, Jiao X, Yang Y, Zhang D, Wang Q, Ahasan Z, Li AZ, Liew CW, Cai Z, Liu Z, Cai K. Detecting white adipose tissue browning in mice with in vivo R 2∗ mapping at 9.4T MRI. J Lipid Res 2025; 66:100735. [PMID: 39709160 PMCID: PMC11786758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2024] [Revised: 12/14/2024] [Accepted: 12/17/2024] [Indexed: 12/23/2024] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) browning is considered a promising strategy to combat obesity and related metabolic diseases. Currently, fat-water fraction (FWF) has been used as a marker for the loss of lipids associated with WAT browning. However, FWF may not be sensitive to metabolic changes and cannot specifically reflect iron-regulated metabolism during browning. Here, we report a noninvasive preclinical imaging approach based on iron content detected by R2∗ mapping to assess in vivo WAT browning in mice. In this study, we investigated the browning of inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) induced by long-term CL-316,243 (CL) drug stimulation in mice. We quantified the changes in R2∗, FWF, uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression, and iron content. The iWAT of all mice was dissected for H&E staining and immunohistochemistry for the absorbance of UCP1 and iron content. In in vivo experiments, a significant increase in R2∗ and a decrease in FWF were observed in iWAT after 7 days of CL administration compared with the saline-treated and the baseline groups. Accordingly, in ex vivo experiments, UCP1 expression and the total iron content in iWAT significantly increased after 7 days of CL stimulation. By pooling all mice data, the UCP1 expression level of iWAT and iron content was found to be highly correlated with R2∗ and inversely correlated with FWF. Taken together, R2∗ may serve as a potential imaging biomarker for assessing WAT browning, which provides a new diagnostic and therapeutic evaluation tool for metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoling Zhong
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongsheng Liu
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanqiu Feng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Medical Imaging and Diagnostic Technology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence & Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Radiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Foshan), Foshan, China
| | - Xiuwei Jiao
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Image Analysis and Application, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanbo Yang
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Image Analysis and Application, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Draggability Assessment, The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Draggability Assessment, The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zoheb Ahasan
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrew Z Li
- New Trier Township High School, Winnetka, IL, USA
| | - Chong Wee Liew
- Physiology and Biophysics Department, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zimeng Cai
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Image Analysis and Application, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zaiyi Liu
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Image Analysis and Application, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Kejia Cai
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Marconi D, Lipari D, Pammolli A, Dalmasso P, Nardone P, Vieno A, Simi R, Lazzeri G. How does BMI correlate with menarche onset? Evidence from the Italian HBSC cross-sectional study. BMC Womens Health 2025; 25:39. [PMID: 39881238 PMCID: PMC11780926 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-025-03572-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2025] [Indexed: 01/31/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Menarche is an important period in a female's life; its time of onset may depend on various factors and could correlate with the development of diseases in adulthood. Our study aims to investigate the relationship between body mass index and age at onset of menarche; METHODS: We used a unique standardized national dataset on adolescent girls participating in the Italian Health Behaviour in School-aged Children Study. Two independent nationally representative survey datasets: one on 15-year-olds (n = 6505, year 2017/2018) and one on 11-year-olds (n = 6548, year 2013/2014) were analysed. The survey instrument was the self-report questionnaire. Median age at menarche and 95% confidence intervals were estimated through Kaplan-Meier analysis. Hierarchical models assessed the relationship between BMI and age at menarche; RESULTS: Region-level median age at menarche ranged between 12 years/5 months and 13 years/4 months. Region-level prevalence of overweight among 15-year-old girls ranged between 6% and 24%. Age at menarche was inversely associated with individual BMI (unstandardized regression coefficient beta=-0.81; 95% CI, -0.92 to -0.70). Individual-level and class-level measures of BMI accounted for 215.2% of the region-level variance in age at menarche; CONCLUSIONS: The results show that girls who were overweight during childhood went through early puberty. Further investigation needs to assess a possible cause-effect relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Domitilla Marconi
- Post Graduate School of Public Health, University of Siena, Siena, 53100, Italy.
| | - Dario Lipari
- Post Graduate School of Public Health, University of Siena, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Andrea Pammolli
- Research, Education, Prevention and Health Promotion (CREPS), University of Siena, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Paola Dalmasso
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Paola Nardone
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (National Institute of Health), Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Alessio Vieno
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Rita Simi
- Research, Education, Prevention and Health Promotion (CREPS), University of Siena, Siena, 53100, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Giacomo Lazzeri
- Post Graduate School of Public Health, University of Siena, Siena, 53100, Italy
- Research, Education, Prevention and Health Promotion (CREPS), University of Siena, Siena, 53100, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, 53100, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Curtin MC, Jackson AE, Hilgendorf KI. Isolation and Culturing of Primary Murine Adipocytes from Lean and Obese Mice. J Vis Exp 2025:10.3791/67846. [PMID: 39927672 PMCID: PMC12063745 DOI: 10.3791/67846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is primarily composed of mature, lipid-laden adipocytes by volume. These postmitotic cells play a critical role in energy storage and mobilization, thermoregulation, and the secretion of endocrine factors. The expansion of white adipose tissue due to caloric imbalance results in both the enlargement of existing adipocytes and the generation of additional adipocytes from adipocyte progenitor cells. Obesity-driven changes to white adipose tissue, including those affecting adipocytes, are associated with numerous comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes and 13 types of cancer. A significant barrier to studying how adipocytes contribute to disease is the inability to readily isolate and culture mature adipocytes. This article describes a protocol to isolate murine lean and obese adipocytes from the subcutaneous and visceral fat depots of male and female C57BL/6 mice. The protocol details how isolated primary adipocytes can be cultured in a membrane adipocyte aggregate system for up to 2 weeks, facilitating their functional analysis in co-culture experiments, lipolysis assays, or through the collection of conditioned media containing adipocyte-secreted factors. Additionally, the protocol outlines methods for culturing adipose tissue explants in basement membrane matrix domes and imaging primary isolated adipocytes. Importantly, this approach can be integrated with existing protocols for the isolation of adipose tissue-resident adipocyte progenitor cells using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Together, these protocols provide researchers with tools to functionally study adipocytes, adipocyte progenitor cells, and whole adipose tissue from lean and obese, male and female mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meghan C Curtin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Russo L, Babboni S, Andreassi MG, Daher J, Canale P, Del Turco S, Basta G. Treating Metabolic Dysregulation and Senescence by Caloric Restriction: Killing Two Birds with One Stone? Antioxidants (Basel) 2025; 14:99. [PMID: 39857433 PMCID: PMC11763027 DOI: 10.3390/antiox14010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2024] [Revised: 01/07/2025] [Accepted: 01/14/2025] [Indexed: 01/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a state of permanent cell cycle arrest accompanied by metabolic activity and characteristic phenotypic changes. This process is crucial for developing age-related diseases, where excessive calorie intake accelerates metabolic dysfunction and aging. Overnutrition disturbs key metabolic pathways, including insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling (IIS), the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and AMP-activated protein kinase. The dysregulation of these pathways contributes to insulin resistance, impaired autophagy, exacerbated oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction, further enhancing cellular senescence and systemic metabolic derangements. On the other hand, dysfunctional endothelial cells and adipocytes contribute to systemic inflammation, reduced nitric oxide production, and altered lipid metabolism. Numerous factors, including extracellular vesicles, mediate pathological communication between the vascular system and adipose tissue, amplifying metabolic imbalances. Meanwhile, caloric restriction (CR) emerges as a potent intervention to counteract overnutrition effects, improve mitochondrial function, reduce oxidative stress, and restore metabolic balance. CR modulates pathways such as IIS, mTOR, and sirtuins, enhancing glucose and lipid metabolism, reducing inflammation, and promoting autophagy. CR can extend the health span and mitigate age-related diseases by delaying cellular senescence and improving healthy endothelial-adipocyte interactions. This review highlights the crosstalk between endothelial cells and adipocytes, emphasizing CR potential in counteracting overnutrition-induced senescence and restoring vascular homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Russo
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.R.); (S.B.); (M.G.A.); (P.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Serena Babboni
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.R.); (S.B.); (M.G.A.); (P.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Maria Grazia Andreassi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.R.); (S.B.); (M.G.A.); (P.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Jalil Daher
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, El-Koura 100, Lebanon;
| | - Paola Canale
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.R.); (S.B.); (M.G.A.); (P.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Serena Del Turco
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.R.); (S.B.); (M.G.A.); (P.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Giuseppina Basta
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.R.); (S.B.); (M.G.A.); (P.C.); (G.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
McGregor ER, Lasky DJ, Rippentrop OJ, Clark JP, Wright S, Jones MV, Anderson RM. Reversal of neuronal tau pathology via adiponectin receptor activation. Commun Biol 2025; 8:8. [PMID: 39755746 PMCID: PMC11700159 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-07391-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 12/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2025] Open
Abstract
Changes in brain mitochondrial metabolism are coincident with functional decline; however, direct links between the two have not been established. Here, we show that mitochondrial targeting via the adiponectin receptor activator AdipoRon (AR) clears neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and rescues neuronal tauopathy-associated defects. AR reduced levels of phospho-tau and lowered NFT burden by a mechanism involving the energy-sensing kinase AMPK and the growth-sensing kinase GSK3b. The transcriptional response to AR included broad metabolic and functional pathways. Induction of lysosomal pathways involved activation of LC3 and p62, and restoration of neuronal outgrowth required the stress-responsive kinase JNK. Negative consequences of NFTs on mitochondrial activity, ATP production, and lipid stores were corrected. Defects in electrophysiological measures (e.g., resting potential, resistance, spiking profiles) were also corrected. These findings reveal a network linking mitochondrial function, cellular maintenance processes, and electrical aspects of neuronal function that can be targeted via adiponectin receptor activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric R McGregor
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, SMPH, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Danny J Lasky
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Olivia J Rippentrop
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Josef P Clark
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, SMPH, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Samantha Wright
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mathew V Jones
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Rozalyn M Anderson
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, SMPH, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- GRECC William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Papakonstantinou I, Tsioufis K, Katsi V. Spotlight on the Mechanism of Action of Semaglutide. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:14514-14541. [PMID: 39728000 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46120872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2024] [Revised: 12/20/2024] [Accepted: 12/21/2024] [Indexed: 12/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Initially intended to control blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes, semaglutide, a potent glucagon-like peptide 1 analogue, has been established as an effective weight loss treatment by controlling appetite. Integrating the latest clinical trials, semaglutide in patients with or without diabetes presents significant therapeutic efficacy in ameliorating cardiometabolic risk factors and physical functioning, independent of body weight reduction. Semaglutide may modulate adipose tissue browning, which enhances human metabolism and exhibits possible benefits in skeletal muscle degeneration, accelerated by obesity and ageing. This may be attributed to anti-inflammatory, mitochondrial biogenesis, antioxidant and autophagy-regulating effects. However, most of the supporting evidence on the mechanistic actions of semaglutide is preclinical, demonstrated in rodents and not actually confirmed in humans, therefore warranting caution in the interpretation. This article aims to explore potential innovative molecular mechanisms of semaglutide action in restoring the balance of several interlinking aspects of metabolism, pointing to distinct functions in inflammation and oxidative stress in insulin-sensitive musculoskeletal and adipose tissues. Moreover, possible applications in protection from infections and anti-aging properties are discussed. Semaglutide enhancement of the core molecular mechanisms involved in the progress of obesity and diabetes, although mostly preclinical, may provide a framework for future research applications in human diseases overall.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Papakonstantinou
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelismos General Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tsioufis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Katsi
- 1st Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Galigniana NM, Ruiz MC, Piwien-Pilipuk G. FK506 binding protein 51: Its role in the adipose organ and beyond. J Cell Biochem 2024; 125:e30351. [PMID: 36502528 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
There is a great body of evidence that the adipose organ plays a central role in the control not only of energy balance, but importantly, in the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. Interest in the study of different aspects of its physiology grew in the last decades due to the pandemic of obesity and the consequences of metabolic syndrome. It was not until recently that the first evidence for the role of the high molecular weight immunophilin FK506 binding protein (FKBP) 51 in the process of adipocyte differentiation have been described. Since then, many new facets have been discovered of this stress-responsive FKBP51 as a central node for precise coordination of many cell functions, as shown for nuclear steroid receptors, autophagy, signaling pathways as Akt, p38 MAPK, and GSK3, as well as for insulin signaling and the control of glucose homeostasis. Thus, the aim of this review is to integrate and discuss the recent advances in the understanding of the many roles of FKBP51 in the adipose organ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia M Galigniana
- Laboratory of Nuclear Architecture, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marina C Ruiz
- Laboratory of Nuclear Architecture, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Graciela Piwien-Pilipuk
- Laboratory of Nuclear Architecture, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cai M, Jiang F, Peng Y, Li S, Xie Y, Chen L, Lin Y. Preoperative leptin levels were associated with postoperative acute kidney injury in patients with acute type A aortic dissection. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2433152. [PMID: 39832788 PMCID: PMC11748863 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2433152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 10/26/2024] [Accepted: 11/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2025] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common surgical complication of acute type A aortic dissection (AAAD) and strongly associated with an unfavorable prognosis. Although elevated leptin levels have been identified as a potential risk factor for chronic kidney disease in middle-aged and elderly individuals, their association with AKI following AAAD surgery remains unknown. This study investigated the association between preoperative leptin levels and postoperative AKI in patients with AAAD. METHODS This study included 159 patients with AAAD at Fujian Heart Medical Center. The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes standards were used to define and classify AKI. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the ability of leptin levels to predict AKI. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to study the association between leptin level and AKI. RESULTS The incidence of AKI was 33.96%. Leptin levels in the AKI group and stage 1, 2, and 3 AKI groups were higher than those in the non-AKI group (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that elevated leptin levels were an independent risk factor for AKI (p < 0.001). ROC analysis of leptin detection for AKI showed an area under the curve of 0.71. The risk of AKI in the high-level group (leptin levels ≥3.62 ng/mL) was 3.87 times to the low-level group (leptin levels < 3.62 ng/mL). CONCLUSION Elevated leptin levels are associated with AKI, and plasma leptin may serve as a potential early blood biomarker for AKI in patients with AAAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Cai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Nursing, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Special Reserve Talents Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fei Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Nursing, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Special Reserve Talents Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanchun Peng
- Department of Nursing, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sailan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Nursing, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuling Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Special Reserve Talents Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liangwan Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Special Reserve Talents Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanjuan Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Nursing, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Special Reserve Talents Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Deng F, Wang Q, Wen X, Xu X, Jia L, He H, Wang X, Xie Y, Li H, Qiao L, Han J. Association between Body Mass Index and Serum Uric Acid: mediation analysis involving liver enzymes indicators. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:3007. [PMID: 39478457 PMCID: PMC11526625 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-20457-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 10/18/2024] [Indexed: 11/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have indicated a growing prevalence of hyperuricemia. Elevated levels of serum uric acid (SUA) have been established as influential factors in conditions such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, gout, and cardiovascular disease. Overweight and obesity are closely related to an increase in SUA. Our objective is to demonstrate the mediating role of liver enzyme in the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and SUA. METHODS A total of 5925 adults aged 18 to 65 were included in this cross-sectional study. Logistic regression and mediation analysis were used to investigate the relationship between BMI and hyperuricemia as well as liver enzyme levels. Standard methods were used to determine the biochemical indexes, including SUA, liver enzymes, and blood lipids in the collected samples. RESULTS The study revealed that the prevalence of hyperuricemia was 28.0%. Furthermore, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was as high as 48.5%, with 70.7% of this subgroup presenting with hyperuricemia. There was a positive correlation between BMI and hyperuricemia, and elevated levels of liver enzymes (ALT, AST, GGT) were associated with a higher risk of hyperuricemia. The study also observed a positive correlation between BMI and liver enzymes (ALT, AST, GGT). The study findings suggested that ALT, AST, and GGT played significant mediating roles in the relationship between BMI and SUA. Specifically, the unadjusted model revealed that ALT and GGT accounted for 22.12% and 18.13% of the mediation effects, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The study found that BMI is associated with hyperuricemia, where liver enzyme abnormalities may have a mediating role. It is suggested that being overweight or obese may affect liver enzyme levels, leading to increased SUA levels. Controlling weight and liver enzyme levels may help prevent and treat hyperuricemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feidan Deng
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Qingfeng Wang
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
| | - Xinyue Wen
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Xinyu Xu
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Lianxu Jia
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Xi'an Gem Flower Chang Qing Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710200, China
| | - Huifang He
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Xining Wang
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Yanjun Xie
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Hongqiu Li
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Lichun Qiao
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Jing Han
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
- Global Health Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 71200, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
LaPoint A, Singer JM, Ferguson D, Shew TM, Renkemeyer MK, Palacios HH, Field RL, Yerrathota S, Kumari R, Shankaran M, Smith GI, Yoshino J, He M, Patti GJ, Hellerstein MK, Klein S, Brestoff JR, Morris EM, Finck BN, Lutkewitte AJ. Adipocyte lipin 1 expression associates with human metabolic health and regulates systemic metabolism in mice. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e169722. [PMID: 39405118 PMCID: PMC11601902 DOI: 10.1172/jci169722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional adipose tissue is believed to promote the development of hepatic steatosis and systemic insulin resistance, but many of the mechanisms involved are still unclear. Lipin 1 catalyzes the conversion of phosphatidic acid to diacylglycerol (DAG), the penultimate step of triglyceride synthesis, which is essential for lipid storage. Herein we found that adipose tissue LPIN1 expression is decreased in people with obesity compared to lean subjects, and low LPIN1 expression correlated with multi-tissue insulin resistance and increased rates of hepatic de novo lipogenesis. Comprehensive metabolic and multi-omic phenotyping demonstrated that adipocyte-specific Lpin1-/- mice had a metabolically-unhealthy phenotype, including liver and skeletal muscle insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, increased hepatic de novo lipogenesis, and transcriptomic signatures of metabolically associated steatohepatitis that was exacerbated by high-fat diets. We conclude that adipocyte lipin 1-mediated lipid storage is vital for preserving adipose tissue and systemic metabolic health, and its loss predisposes mice to metabolically associated steatohepatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rachael L. Field
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sireesha Yerrathota
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Roshan Kumari
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Mahalakshmi Shankaran
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | - Jun Yoshino
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
- Center for Integrated Kidney Research and Advance (IKRA), Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Mai He
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Gary J. Patti
- Department of Medicine and
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Marc K. Hellerstein
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | - Jonathan R. Brestoff
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - E. Matthew Morris
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology and
- KU Diabetes Institute and Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Center for Children’s Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Andrew J. Lutkewitte
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- KU Diabetes Institute and Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Patel AH, Koysombat K, Pierret A, Young M, Comninos AN, Dhillo WS, Abbara A. Kisspeptin in functional hypothalamic amenorrhea: Pathophysiology and therapeutic potential. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2024; 1540:21-46. [PMID: 39287750 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.15220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) is one of the most common causes of secondary amenorrhea, resulting in anovulation and infertility, and is a low estrogen state that increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and impairs bone health. FHA is characterized by acquired suppression of physiological pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release by the hypothalamus in the absence of an identifiable structural cause, resulting in a functional hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. FHA results from either decreased energy intake and/or excessive exercise, leading to low energy availability and weight loss-often in combination with psychological stress on top of a background of genetic susceptibility. The hypothalamic neuropeptide kisspeptin is a key component of the GnRH pulse generator, tightly regulating pulsatile GnRH secretion and the downstream reproductive axis. Here, we review the physiological regulation of pulsatile GnRH secretion by hypothalamic kisspeptin neurons and how their activity is modulated by signals of energy status to affect reproductive function. We explore endocrine factors contributing to the suppression of GnRH pulsatility in the pathophysiology of FHA and how hypothalamic kisspeptin neurons likely represent a final common pathway through which these factors affect GnRH pulse generation. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic potential of kisspeptin as a novel treatment for women with FHA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaran H Patel
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Kanyada Koysombat
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Aureliane Pierret
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Megan Young
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alexander N Comninos
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Waljit S Dhillo
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Ali Abbara
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Miracle CE, McCallister CL, Denning KL, Russell R, Allen J, Lawrence L, Legenza M, Krutzler-Berry D, Salisbury TB. High BMI Is Associated with Changes in Peritumor Breast Adipose Tissue That Increase the Invasive Activity of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:10592. [PMID: 39408921 PMCID: PMC11476838 DOI: 10.3390/ijms251910592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2024] [Revised: 09/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women with multiple risk factors including smoking, genetics, environmental factors, and obesity. Smoking and obesity are the top two risk factors for the development of breast cancer. The effect of obesity on adipose tissue mediates the pathogenesis of breast cancer in the context of obesity. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a breast cancer subtype within which the cells lack estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors. TNBC is the deadliest breast cancer subtype. The 5-year survival rates for patients with TNBC are 8-16% lower than the 5-year survival rates for patients with estrogen-receptor-positive breast tumors. In addition, TNBC patients have early relapse rates (3-5 years after diagnosis). Obesity is associated with an increased risk for TNBC, larger TNBC tumors, and increased breast cancer metastasis compared with lean women. Thus, novel therapeutic approaches are warranted to treat TNBC in the context of obesity. In this paper, we show that peritumor breast adipose-derived secretome (ADS) from patients with a high (>30) BMI is a stronger inducer of TNBC cell invasiveness and JAG1 expression than peritumor breast ADS from patients with low (<30) BMI. These findings indicate that patient BMI-associated changes in peritumor AT induce changes in peritumor ADS, which in turn acts on TNBC cells to stimulate JAG1 expression and cancer cell invasiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cora E. Miracle
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; (C.E.M.); (C.L.M.)
| | - Chelsea L. McCallister
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; (C.E.M.); (C.L.M.)
| | - Krista L. Denning
- Cabell Huntington Hospital Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA; (K.L.D.); (R.R.); (J.A.); (L.L.)
| | - Rebecca Russell
- Cabell Huntington Hospital Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA; (K.L.D.); (R.R.); (J.A.); (L.L.)
| | - Jennifer Allen
- Cabell Huntington Hospital Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA; (K.L.D.); (R.R.); (J.A.); (L.L.)
| | - Logan Lawrence
- Cabell Huntington Hospital Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA; (K.L.D.); (R.R.); (J.A.); (L.L.)
| | - Mary Legenza
- Edwards Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA; (M.L.); (D.K.-B.)
| | - Diane Krutzler-Berry
- Edwards Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA; (M.L.); (D.K.-B.)
| | - Travis B. Salisbury
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; (C.E.M.); (C.L.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Rossmeislová L, Krauzová E, Koc M, Wilhelm M, Šebo V, Varaliová Z, Šrámková V, Schouten M, Šedivý P, Tůma P, Kovář J, Langin D, Gojda J, Šiklová M. Obesity alters adipose tissue response to fasting and refeeding in women: A study on lipolytic and endocrine dynamics and acute insulin resistance. Heliyon 2024; 10:e37875. [PMID: 39328508 PMCID: PMC11425135 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Fasting induces significant shifts in substrate utilization with signs of acute insulin resistance (IR), while obesity is associated with chronic IR. Nonetheless, both states substantially influence adipose tissue (AT) function. Therefore, in this interventional study (NCT04260542), we investigated if excessive adiposity in premenopausal women alters insulin sensitivity and AT metabolic and endocrine activity in response to a 60-h fast and a subsequent 48-h refeeding period. Using physiological methods, lipidomics, and AT explants, we showed that obesity partially modified AT endocrine activity and blunted the dynamics of AT insulin resistance in response to the fasting/refeeding challenge compared to that observed in lean women. AT adapted to its own excess by reducing lipolytic activity/free fatty acids (FFA) flux per mass. This adaptation persisted even after a 60-h fast, resulting in lower ketosis in women with obesity. This could be a protective mechanism that limits the lipotoxic effects of FFA; however, it may ultimately impede desirable weight loss induced by caloric restriction in women with obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Rossmeislová
- Department of Pathophysiology, Centre for Research on Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague and Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Eva Krauzová
- Department of Pathophysiology, Centre for Research on Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Královské Vinohrady University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Koc
- Department of Pathophysiology, Centre for Research on Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Wilhelm
- Department of Pathophysiology, Centre for Research on Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Šebo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Centre for Research on Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Královské Vinohrady University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Varaliová
- Department of Pathophysiology, Centre for Research on Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Šrámková
- Department of Pathophysiology, Centre for Research on Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague and Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Moniek Schouten
- Department of Movement Sciences, Exercise Physiology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Petr Šedivý
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Tůma
- Department of Hygiene, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kovář
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dominique Langin
- Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague and Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC, University of Toulouse, Inserm, Toulouse III University - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Institute Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Jan Gojda
- Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague and Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
- Department of Internal Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Královské Vinohrady University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Šiklová
- Department of Pathophysiology, Centre for Research on Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague and Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Czechowski P, Hagemann T, Ghosh A, Sun W, Dong H, Noé F, Niersmann C, Reinisch I, Wolfrum C, Herder C, Dietrich A, Blüher M, Hoffmann A. Expression of Intelectin-1, also known as Omentin-1, is related to clinical phenotypes such as overweight, obesity, insulin resistance, and changes after bariatric surgery. Sci Rep 2024; 14:22286. [PMID: 39333229 PMCID: PMC11437189 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-72720-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Intelectin-1 (ITLN1; also Omentin-1, OMNT1) is secreted by adipose tissue (AT) and plays an important role in glucose metabolism regulation, with links to obesity-associated diseases. ITLN1 activity so far has rarely been investigated using RNA-sequencing and in larger cohorts. We evaluated ITLN1 expression among three clinical cohorts of the Leipzig Obesity BioBank-a cross-sectional cohort comprising of 1480 people, a cohort of people with metabolically healthy or unhealthy obesity (31 insulin-sensitive, 42 insulin-resistant individuals with obesity), and a longitudinal two-step bariatric surgery cohort (n = 65). We hypothesized that AT ITLN1 expression is associated with serum omentin-1, clinical parameters associated with obesity, and with weight loss after bariatric surgery. We also investigated the correlation of AT ITLN1 expression with genes related to inflammatory response, lipid metabolism, obesity, and regulation of energy balance. Likewise, we inspected gene group expression and metabolic pathways associated with ITLN1 expression using gene set enrichment and gene correlation analysis. We show that ITLN1 expression differs in VAT and SAT, and should therefore be analyzed separately. Furthermore, ITLN1 expression increases with VAT tissue mass, but is negatively affected by AT tissue dysfunction among individuals with unhealthy obesity, corroborated by interplay with genes related to tissue inflammation. Gene set enrichment and gene correlation analysis of ITLN1 expression suggest that AT ITLN1 expression is related to local inflammatory processes in AT, but also in processes such as regulation of appetite, energy balance, and maintenance of body weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Czechowski
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Tobias Hagemann
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Adhideb Ghosh
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wenfei Sun
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hua Dong
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Falko Noé
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Corinna Niersmann
- Deutsche Diabetes-Zentrum, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Institute for Clinical Diabetology, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Isabel Reinisch
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Herder
- Deutsche Diabetes-Zentrum, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Institute for Clinical Diabetology, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Arne Dietrich
- Clinic and Outpatient Department for Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, Leipzig University Hospital, Liebigstraße 20, Haus 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, Leipzig University Hospital, Liebigstraße 20, Haus 4, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Anne Hoffmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Pallio G, Mannino F. New Insights into Adipose Tissue Metabolic Function and Dysfunction, 2nd Edition. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9258. [PMID: 39273207 PMCID: PMC11394891 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The adipose organ is well recognized for its role in energy storage and mobilization, responding to nutrient availability, the body's needs, and thermogenesis, thereby regulating the organism's energy balance [...].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Pallio
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Mannino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna "Kore", Contrada Santa Panasia, 94100 Enna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Xiao H, Li W, Qin Y, Lin Z, Qian C, Wu M, Xia Y, Bai J, Geng D. Crosstalk between Lipid Metabolism and Bone Homeostasis: Exploring Intricate Signaling Relationships. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 7:0447. [PMID: 39165638 PMCID: PMC11334918 DOI: 10.34133/research.0447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Bone is a dynamic tissue reshaped by constant bone formation and bone resorption to maintain its function. The skeletal system accounts for approximately 70% of the total volume of the body, and continuous bone remodeling requires quantities of energy and material consumption. Adipose tissue is the main energy storehouse of the body and has a strong adaptive capacity to participate in the regulation of various physiological processes. Considering that obesity and metabolic syndrome have become major public health challenges, while osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures have become other major health problems in the aging population, it would be interesting to explore these 2 diseases together. Currently, an increasing number of researchers are focusing on the interactions between multiple tissue systems, i.e., multiple organs and tissues that are functionally coordinated together and pathologically pathologically interact with each other in the body. However, there is lack of detailed reviews summarizing the effects of lipid metabolism on bone homeostasis and the interactions between adipose tissue and bone tissue. This review provides a detailed summary of recent advances in understanding how lipid molecules and adipose-derived hormones affect bone homeostasis, how bone tissue, as a metabolic organ, affects lipid metabolism, and how lipid metabolism is regulated by bone-derived cytokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haixiang Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics,
The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine,
University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Wenming Li
- Department of Orthopedics,
The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Department of Orthopedics,
The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Zhixiang Lin
- Department of Orthopedics,
The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Chen Qian
- Department of Orthopedics,
The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Mingzhou Wu
- Department of Orthopedics,
The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Department of Orthopedics,
The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Jiaxiang Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, Jingjiang People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Jingjiang 214500, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dechun Geng
- Department of Orthopedics,
The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wang YQ, Wu TT, Li Y, Cui SE, Li YS. Global research trends and hotspots in overweight/obese comorbid with depression among children and adolescents: A bibliometric analysis. World J Psychiatry 2024; 14:1267-1284. [PMID: 39165557 PMCID: PMC11331393 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v14.i8.1267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight/obesity combined with depression among children and adolescents (ODCA) is a global concern. The bidirectional relationship between depression and overweight/obesity often leads to their comorbidity. Childhood and adolescence represent critical periods for physical and psychological development, during which the comorbidity of overweight/obesity and depression may increase the risk of adverse health outcomes. AIM To evaluate the relationship between ODCA, we conduct a bibliometric analysis to aid in formulating prevention and treatment strategies. METHODS From 2004 to 2023, articles related to ODCA were selected using the Science Citation Index Expanded from the Web of Science Core Collection. Bibliometric analysis of relevant publications, including countries/regions, institutions, authors, journals, references, and keywords, was conducted using the online bibliometric analysis platforms, CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and bibliometrix. RESULTS Between 2004 and 2023, a total of 1573 articles were published on ODCA. The United States has made leading contributions in this field, with Harvard University emerging as the leading contributor in terms of research output, and Tanofsky being the most prolific author. The J Adolescent Health has shown significant activity in this domain. Based on the results of the keyword and reference analyses, inequality, adverse childhood experiences, and comorbidities have become hot topics in ODCA. Moreover, the impact of balanced-related behavior and exploration of the biological mechanisms, including the potential role of key adipocytokines and lipokines, as well as inflammation in ODCA, have emerged as frontier topics. CONCLUSION The trend of a significant increase in ODCA publications is expected to continue. The research findings will contribute to elucidating the pathogenic mechanisms of ODCA and its prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qi Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310051, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Tao-Tao Wu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310051, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yan Li
- National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution and Preventive Treatment of Diseases, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shi-En Cui
- National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution and Preventive Treatment of Diseases, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ying-Shuai Li
- National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution and Preventive Treatment of Diseases, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lin B, Guo X, Lu W, Niu R, Zeng X, Chen Z, Wu C, Liu C. Dapagliflozin attenuates fat accumulation and insulin resistance in obese mice with polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 977:176742. [PMID: 38880216 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common endocrine disorder affecting premenopausal women, is associated with various metabolic consequences such as insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Insulin sensitizers, such as metformin and pioglitazone, though effective, often leads to significant gastrointestinal adverse effects or weight gain, limiting its suitability for women with PCOS. There is an urgent need for safe, effective and affordable agents. Dapagliflozin, a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, enhances glucose elimination through urine, thereby reducing body weight and improving glucose and lipid metabolism. Nevertheless, it is not currently recommended as a therapeutic option for PCOS in clinical guidelines. In this study, we systematically examined the impact of dapagliflozin on an obese PCOS mouse model, focusing on alterations in glucose metabolism, adipose tissue morphology, and plasma lipid profile. Obese PCOS was induced in mice by continuous dihydrotestosterone (DHEA) injections over 21 days and high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. PCOS mice were then orally gavaged with dapagliflozin (1 mg/kg), metformin (50 mg/kg), or vehicle daily for 8 weeks, respectively. Our results demonstrated that dapagliflozin significantly prevented body weight gain and reduced fat mass in obese PCOS mice. Meanwhile, dapagliflozin treatment improved glucose tolerance and increased insulin sensitivity compared to the control PCOS mice. Furthermore, dapagliflozin significantly improved adipocyte accumulation and morphology in white adipose tissue, resulting in a normalized plasma lipid profile in PCOS mice. In conclusion, our results suggest that dapagliflozin is an effective agent in managing glucose and lipid metabolism disorders in obese PCOS mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baiwei Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaodan Guo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wenjing Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Rui Niu
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiying Zeng
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Caisheng Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Clinical Efficacy and Evidence-Based Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Changqin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Clinical Efficacy and Evidence-Based Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Luca T, Pezzino S, Puleo S, Castorina S. Lesson on obesity and anatomy of adipose tissue: new models of study in the era of clinical and translational research. J Transl Med 2024; 22:764. [PMID: 39143643 PMCID: PMC11323604 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05547-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a serious global illness that is frequently associated with metabolic syndrome. Adipocytes are the typical cells of adipose organ, which is composed of at least two different tissues, white and brown adipose tissue. They functionally cooperate, interconverting each other under physiological conditions, but differ in their anatomy, physiology, and endocrine functions. Different cellular models have been proposed to study adipose tissue in vitro. They are also useful for elucidating the mechanisms that are responsible for a pathological condition, such as obesity, and for testing therapeutic strategies. Each cell model has its own characteristics, culture conditions, advantages and disadvantages. The choice of one model rather than another depends on the specific study the researcher is conducting. In recent decades, three-dimensional cultures, such as adipose spheroids, have become very attractive because they more closely resemble the phenotype of freshly isolated cells. The use of such models has developed in parallel with the evolution of translational research, an interdisciplinary branch of the biomedical field, which aims to learn a scientific translational approach to improve human health and longevity. The focus of the present review is on the growing body of data linking the use of new cell models and the spread of translational research. Also, we discuss the possibility, for the future, to employ new three-dimensional adipose tissue cell models to promote the transition from benchside to bedsite and vice versa, allowing translational research to become routine, with the final goal of obtaining clinical benefits in the prevention and treatment of obesity and related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tonia Luca
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 87, Catania, 95123, Italy.
| | | | - Stefano Puleo
- Mediterranean Foundation "GB Morgagni", Catania, Italy
| | - Sergio Castorina
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 87, Catania, 95123, Italy
- Mediterranean Foundation "GB Morgagni", Catania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Reytor-González C, Parise-Vasco JM, González N, Simancas-Racines A, Zambrano-Villacres R, Zambrano AK, Simancas-Racines D. Obesity and periodontitis: a comprehensive review of their interconnected pathophysiology and clinical implications. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1440216. [PMID: 39171112 PMCID: PMC11335523 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1440216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity and periodontitis are significant health problems with a complex bidirectional relationship. Excess body fat is linked to systemic diseases and can lead to persistent inflammation, potentially harming periodontal health. Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the supporting structures of teeth, poses substantial health risks. Both conditions share pathological processes such as inflammation and oxidative stress, which aggravate health status and make treatment more challenging. Understanding this interaction is crucial for developing effective management strategies for both diseases. This study explores the multifaceted aspects of obesity and periodontitis and their reciprocal relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Reytor-González
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Centro de Investigación en Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC), Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Juan Marcos Parise-Vasco
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Centro de Investigación en Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC), Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Natali González
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad UTE, Santo Domingo, Ecuador
| | - Alison Simancas-Racines
- Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi, Latacunga, Ecuador
| | | | - Ana Karina Zambrano
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Daniel Simancas-Racines
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Centro de Investigación en Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC), Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Thibodeau SÈ, Labbé EA, Walsh-Wilkinson É, Morin-Grandmont A, Arsenault M, Couet J. Plasma and Myocardial miRNomes Similarities and Differences during Cardiac Remodelling and Reverse Remodelling in a Murine Model of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Biomolecules 2024; 14:892. [PMID: 39199280 PMCID: PMC11351983 DOI: 10.3390/biom14080892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a heterogeneous syndrome characterised by multiple risk factors touching various organs outside the heart. Using a murine HFpEF model, we studied cardiac reverse remodelling (RR) after stopping the causing metabolic-hypertensive stress (MHS; Angiotensin II [AngII] and a high-fat diet [HFD]) after 28 days and introducing voluntary exercise (VE) for four more weeks. We measured the effects of MHS and RR on the plasma and myocardial microRNA (miR) profile (miRNome) to characterise better cardiac and non-cardiac responses to HFpEF-inducing risk factors and their reversibility. AngII alone, the HFD or the MHS caused cardiac hypertrophy (CH), left ventricular (LV) concentric remodelling and left atrial enlargement in females. Only AngII and the MHS, but not HFD, did in males. After RR, CH, LV concentric remodelling and atrial enlargement were normalised. Among the 25 most abundant circulating miRs, 10 were modulated by MHS. Plasma miRNomes from AngII, HFD or MHS mice shared 31 common significantly modulated miRs (24 upregulated and 7 downregulated), suggesting that the response of organs producing the bulk of those circulating miRs was similar even for seemingly different stress. In the LV, 19 out of 25 most expressed miRs were modulated. RR restored normality for the plasma miRNome but not for the LV miRNome, which remained mostly unchanged. Our results suggest that abnormalities persist in the myocardium of the HFpEF mice and that the normalisation of circulatory markers may be falsely reassuring after recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jacques Couet
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Valvulopathies, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada; (S.-È.T.); (E.-A.L.); (É.W.-W.); (A.M.-G.); (M.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ryyti R, Hämäläinen M, Tolonen T, Mäki M, Jaakkola M, Peltola R, Moilanen E. Lingonberry ( Vaccinium vitis- idaea L.) Skin Extract Prevents Weight Gain and Hyperglycemia in High-Fat Diet-Induced Model of Obesity in Mice. Nutrients 2024; 16:2107. [PMID: 38999854 PMCID: PMC11243352 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The percentage of obese people is increasing worldwide, causing versatile health problems. Obesity is connected to diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, which are preceded by a state called metabolic syndrome. Diets rich in fruits and vegetables have been reported to decrease the risk of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Berries with a high polyphenol content, including lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.), have also been of interest to possibly prevent obesity-induced metabolic disturbances. In the present study, we prepared an extract from the by-product of a lingonberry juice production process (press cake/pomace) and investigated its metabolic effects in the high-fat diet-induced model of obesity in mice. The lingonberry skin extract partly prevented weight and epididymal fat gain as well as a rise in fasting glucose level in high-fat diet-fed mice. The extract also attenuated high-fat diet-induced glucose intolerance as measured by an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT). The extract had no effect on the levels of cholesterol, triglyceride or the adipokines adiponectin, leptin, or resistin. The results extend previous data on the beneficial metabolic effects of lingonberry. Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms behind these effects and to develop further health-promoting lingonberry applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riitta Ryyti
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Mari Hämäläinen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Tiina Tolonen
- Unit of Measurement Technology, Kajaani University Consortium, University of Oulu, 87400 Kajaani, Finland
| | - Marianne Mäki
- Unit of Measurement Technology, Kajaani University Consortium, University of Oulu, 87400 Kajaani, Finland
| | - Mari Jaakkola
- Unit of Measurement Technology, Kajaani University Consortium, University of Oulu, 87400 Kajaani, Finland
| | - Rainer Peltola
- Bioeconomy and Environment, Natural Resources Institute Finland, 96200 Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Eeva Moilanen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ghanem M, Archer G, Crestani B, Mailleux AA. The endocrine FGFs axis: A systemic anti-fibrotic response that could prevent pulmonary fibrogenesis? Pharmacol Ther 2024; 259:108669. [PMID: 38795981 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and fatal disease for which therapeutic options are limited, with an unmet need to identify new therapeutic targets. IPF is thought to be the consequence of repeated microlesions of the alveolar epithelium, leading to aberrant epithelial-mesenchymal communication and the accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins. The reactivation of developmental pathways, such as Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFs), is a well-described mechanism during lung fibrogenesis. Secreted FGFs with local paracrine effects can either exert an anti-fibrotic or a pro-fibrotic action during this pathological process through their FGF receptors (FGFRs) and heparan sulfate residues as co-receptors. Among FGFs, endocrine FGFs (FGF29, FGF21, and FGF23) play a central role in the control of metabolism and tissue homeostasis. They are characterized by a low affinity for heparan sulfate, present in the cell vicinity, allowing them to have endocrine activity. Nevertheless, their interaction with FGFRs requires the presence of mandatory co-receptors, alpha and beta Klotho proteins (KLA and KLB). Endocrine FGFs are of growing interest for their anti-fibrotic action during liver, kidney, or myocardial fibrosis. Innovative therapies based on FGF19 or FGF21 analogs are currently being studied in humans during liver fibrosis. Recent data report a similar anti-fibrotic action of endocrine FGFs in the lung, suggesting a systemic regulation of the pulmonary fibrotic process. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the protective effect of endocrine FGFs during the fibrotic processes, with a focus on pulmonary fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mada Ghanem
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Physiopathologie et Épidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Gabrielle Archer
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Physiopathologie et Épidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Bruno Crestani
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Physiopathologie et Épidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires, F-75018 Paris, France; Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Service de Pneumologie A, FHU APOLLO, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud A Mailleux
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Physiopathologie et Épidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires, F-75018 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Li LY, Li SM, Pang BX, Wei JP, Wang QH. Effects of exercise training on glucose metabolism indicators and inflammatory markers in obese children and adolescents: A meta-analysis. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:1353-1366. [PMID: 38983830 PMCID: PMC11229972 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i6.1353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity in children and adolescents is a serious problem, and the efficacy of exercise therapy for these patients is controversial. AIM To assess the efficacy of exercise training on overweight and obese children based on glucose metabolism indicators and inflammatory markers. METHODS The PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases were searched for randomized controlled trials related to exercise training and obese children until October 2023. The meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 software to evaluate the efficacy of exercise therapy on glucose metabolism indicators and inflammatory markers in obese children. RESULTS In total, 1010 patients from 28 studies were included. Exercise therapy reduced the levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) [standardized mean difference (SMD): -0.78; 95% confidence interval (CI): -1.24 to -0.32, P = 0.0008], fasting insulin (FINS) (SMD: -1.55; 95%CI: -2.12 to -0.98, P < 0.00001), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (SMD: -1.58; 95%CI: -2.20 to -0.97, P < 0.00001), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (SMD: -1.31; 95%CI: -2.07 to -0.55, P = 0.0007), C-reactive protein (CRP) (SMD: -0.64; 95%CI: -1.21 to -0.08, P = 0.03), and leptin (SMD: -3.43; 95%CI: -5.82 to -1.05, P = 0.005) in overweight and obese children. Exercise training increased adiponectin levels (SMD: 1.24; 95%CI: 0.30 to 2.18, P = 0.01) but did not improve tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels (SMD: -0.80; 95%CI: -1.77 to 0.18, P = 0.11). CONCLUSION In summary, exercise therapy improves glucose metabolism by reducing levels of FBG, FINS, HOMA-IR, as well as improves inflammatory status by reducing levels of IL-6, CRP, leptin, and increasing levels of adiponectin in overweight and obese children. There was no statistically significant effect between exercise training and levels of TNF-α. Additional long-term trials should be conducted to explore this therapeutic perspective and confirm these results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Le-Yang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Song-Mei Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Bo-Xian Pang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jun-Ping Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Qiu-Hong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Henriksen K, Genovese F, Reese-Petersen A, Audoly LP, Sun K, Karsdal MA, Scherer PE. Endotrophin, a Key Marker and Driver for Fibroinflammatory Disease. Endocr Rev 2024; 45:361-378. [PMID: 38091968 PMCID: PMC11492497 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Our overview covers several key areas related to recent results obtained for collagen type VI and endotrophin (ETP). (1) An introduction to the history of ETP, including how it was identified, how it is released, and its function and potential receptors. (2) An introduction to the collagen family, with a focus on what differentiates collagen type VI from an evolutionary standpoint. (3) An overview of collagen type VI, the 6 individual chains (COL6A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, and A6), their differences and similarities, as well as their expression profiles and function. (4) A detailed analysis of COL6A3, including the cleaved product endotrophin, and what separates it from the other 5 collagen 6 molecules, including its suggested function based on insights gained from knockout and gain of function mouse models. (5) The pathology of ETP. What leads to its presence and release and what are the consequences thereof? (6) Functional implications of circulating ETP. Here we review the data with the functional roles of ETP in mind. (7) We propose that ETP is a mediator for fibrotic (or fibroinflammatory) disorders. Based on what we know about ETP, we have to consider it as a target for the treatment of fibrotic (or fibroinflammatory) disorders. What segment(s) of the patient population would most dramatically respond to an ETP-targeted intervention? How can we find the population that would profit most from an intervention? We aim to present a broad overview over the ETP field at large, providing an assessment of where the future research efforts need to be placed to tap into the vast potential of ETP, both as a marker and as a target in different diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Henriksen
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Nordic Bioscience A/S, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Federica Genovese
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Nordic Bioscience A/S, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | | | | | - Kai Sun
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Morten A Karsdal
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Nordic Bioscience A/S, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Schmid A, Pankuweit S, Vlacil AK, Koch S, Berge B, Gajawada P, Richter M, Troidl K, Schieffer B, Schäffler A, Grote K. Decreased circulating CTRP3 levels in acute and chronic cardiovascular patients. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:667-677. [PMID: 38436713 PMCID: PMC11055757 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02426-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
C1q/TNF-related protein 3 (CTRP3) represents an adipokine with various metabolic and immune-regulatory functions. While circulating CTRP3 has been proposed as a potential biomarker for cardiovascular disease (CVD), current data on CTRP3 regarding coronary artery disease (CAD) remains partially contradictory. This study aimed to investigate CTRP3 levels in chronic and acute settings such as chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS). A total of 206 patients were classified into three groups: CCS (n = 64), ACS having a first acute event (ACS-1, n = 75), and ACS having a recurrent acute event (ACS-2, n = 67). The control group consisted of 49 healthy individuals. ELISA measurement in peripheral blood revealed decreased CTRP3 levels in all patient groups (p < 0.001) without significant differences between the groups. This effect was exclusively observed in male patients. Females generally exhibited significantly higher CTRP3 plasma levels than males. ROC curve analysis in male patients revealed a valuable predictive potency of plasma CTRP3 in order to identify CAD patients, with a proposed cut-off value of 51.25 ng/mL. The sensitivity and specificity of prediction by CTRP3 were congruent for the subgroups of CCS, ACS-1, and ACS-2 patients. Regulation of circulating CTRP3 levels in murine models of cardiovascular pathophysiology was found to be partly opposite to the clinical findings, with male mice exhibiting higher circulating CTRP3 levels than females. We conclude that circulating CTRP3 levels are decreased in both male CCS and ACS patients. Therefore, CTRP3 might be useful as a biomarker for CAD but not for distinguishing an acute from a chronic setting. KEY MESSAGES: CTRP3 levels were found to be decreased in both male CCS and ACS patients compared to healthy controls. Plasma CTRP3 has a valuable predictive potency in order to identify CAD patients among men and is therefore proposed as a biomarker for CAD but not for distinguishing between acute and chronic settings. Regulation of circulating CTRP3 levels in murine models of cardiovascular pathophysiology was found to be partly opposite to the clinical findings in men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Giessen University Hospital, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Sabine Pankuweit
- Cardiology and Angiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Sören Koch
- Cardiology and Angiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Berge
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Kerckhoff Heart Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Praveen Gajawada
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Kerckhoff Heart Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Manfred Richter
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Kerckhoff Heart Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Kerstin Troidl
- Department of Life Sciences and Engineering, TH Bingen, University of Applied Sciences, Bingen Am Rhein, Germany
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Surgery Clinic, University Hospital Frankfurt and Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Schäffler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Giessen University Hospital, Giessen, Germany
| | - Karsten Grote
- Cardiology and Angiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Gómez-Hernández A, de las Heras N, Gálvez BG, Fernández-Marcelo T, Fernández-Millán E, Escribano Ó. New Mediators in the Crosstalk between Different Adipose Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4659. [PMID: 38731880 PMCID: PMC11083914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a multifunctional organ that regulates many physiological processes such as energy homeostasis, nutrition, the regulation of insulin sensitivity, body temperature, and immune response. In this review, we highlight the relevance of the different mediators that control adipose tissue activity through a systematic review of the main players present in white and brown adipose tissues. Among them, inflammatory mediators secreted by the adipose tissue, such as classical adipokines and more recent ones, elements of the immune system infiltrated into the adipose tissue (certain cell types and interleukins), as well as the role of intestinal microbiota and derived metabolites, have been reviewed. Furthermore, anti-obesity mediators that promote the activation of beige adipose tissue, e.g., myokines, thyroid hormones, amino acids, and both long and micro RNAs, are exhaustively examined. Finally, we also analyze therapeutic strategies based on those mediators that have been described to date. In conclusion, novel regulators of obesity, such as microRNAs or microbiota, are being characterized and are promising tools to treat obesity in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Gómez-Hernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-H.); (B.G.G.); (T.F.-M.); (E.F.-M.)
| | - Natalia de las Heras
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Beatriz G. Gálvez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-H.); (B.G.G.); (T.F.-M.); (E.F.-M.)
| | - Tamara Fernández-Marcelo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-H.); (B.G.G.); (T.F.-M.); (E.F.-M.)
| | - Elisa Fernández-Millán
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-H.); (B.G.G.); (T.F.-M.); (E.F.-M.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Escribano
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-H.); (B.G.G.); (T.F.-M.); (E.F.-M.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Mendes M, Monteiro AC, Neto E, Barrias CC, Sobrinho-Simões MA, Duarte D, Caires HR. Transforming the Niche: The Emerging Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4430. [PMID: 38674015 PMCID: PMC11050723 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) management remains a significant challenge in oncology due to its low survival rates and high post-treatment relapse rates, mainly attributed to treatment-resistant leukaemic stem cells (LSCs) residing in bone marrow (BM) niches. This review offers an in-depth analysis of AML progression, highlighting the pivotal role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the dynamic remodelling of BM niche intercellular communication. We explore recent advancements elucidating the mechanisms through which EVs facilitate complex crosstalk, effectively promoting AML hallmarks and drug resistance. Adopting a temporal view, we chart the evolving landscape of EV-mediated interactions within the AML niche, underscoring the transformative potential of these insights for therapeutic intervention. Furthermore, the review discusses the emerging understanding of endothelial cell subsets' impact across BM niches in shaping AML disease progression, adding another layer of complexity to the disease progression and treatment resistance. We highlight the potential of cutting-edge methodologies, such as organ-on-chip (OoC) and single-EV analysis technologies, to provide unprecedented insights into AML-niche interactions in a human setting. Leveraging accumulated insights into AML EV signalling to reconfigure BM niches and pioneer novel approaches to decipher the EV signalling networks that fuel AML within the human context could revolutionise the development of niche-targeted therapy for leukaemia eradication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Mendes
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.M.); (A.C.M.); (E.N.); (C.C.B.); (M.A.S.-S.); (D.D.)
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana C. Monteiro
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.M.); (A.C.M.); (E.N.); (C.C.B.); (M.A.S.-S.); (D.D.)
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Estrela Neto
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.M.); (A.C.M.); (E.N.); (C.C.B.); (M.A.S.-S.); (D.D.)
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina C. Barrias
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.M.); (A.C.M.); (E.N.); (C.C.B.); (M.A.S.-S.); (D.D.)
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel A. Sobrinho-Simões
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.M.); (A.C.M.); (E.N.); (C.C.B.); (M.A.S.-S.); (D.D.)
- IPATIMUP—Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Clinical Haematology, Department of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Delfim Duarte
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.M.); (A.C.M.); (E.N.); (C.C.B.); (M.A.S.-S.); (D.D.)
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Instituto Português de Oncologia (IPO)-Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo R. Caires
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.M.); (A.C.M.); (E.N.); (C.C.B.); (M.A.S.-S.); (D.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Yu X, Benitez G, Wei PT, Krylova SV, Song Z, Liu L, Zhang M, Xiaoli AM, Wei H, Chen F, Sidoli S, Yang F, Shinoda K, Pessin JE, Feng D. Involution of brown adipose tissue through a Syntaxin 4 dependent pyroptosis pathway. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2856. [PMID: 38565851 PMCID: PMC10987578 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46944-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging, chronic high-fat diet feeding, or housing at thermoneutrality induces brown adipose tissue (BAT) involution, a process characterized by reduction of BAT mass and function with increased lipid droplet size. Single nuclei RNA sequencing of aged mice identifies a specific brown adipocyte population of Ucp1-low cells that are pyroptotic and display a reduction in the longevity gene syntaxin 4 (Stx4a). Similar to aged brown adipocytes, Ucp1-STX4KO mice display loss of brown adipose tissue mass and thermogenic dysfunction concomitant with increased pyroptosis. Restoration of STX4 expression or suppression of pyroptosis activation protects against the decline in both mass and thermogenic activity in the aged and Ucp1-STX4KO mice. Mechanistically, STX4 deficiency reduces oxidative phosphorylation, glucose uptake, and glycolysis leading to reduced ATP levels, a known triggering signal for pyroptosis. Together, these data demonstrate an understanding of rapid brown adipocyte involution and that physiologic aging and thermogenic dysfunction result from pyroptotic signaling activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Yu
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Gabrielle Benitez
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Peter Tszki Wei
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Sofia V Krylova
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Ziyi Song
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Meifan Zhang
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Alus M Xiaoli
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Henna Wei
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Fenfen Chen
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650244, China
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Fajun Yang
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Kosaku Shinoda
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Jeffrey E Pessin
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Daorong Feng
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
- Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Liu Y, Qian SW, Tang Y, Tang QQ. The secretory function of adipose tissues in metabolic regulation. LIFE METABOLISM 2024; 3:loae003. [PMID: 39872218 PMCID: PMC11748999 DOI: 10.1093/lifemeta/loae003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2025]
Abstract
In addition to their pivotal roles in energy storage and expenditure, adipose tissues play a crucial part in the secretion of bioactive molecules, including peptides, lipids, metabolites, and extracellular vesicles, in response to physiological stimulation and metabolic stress. These secretory factors, through autocrine and paracrine mechanisms, regulate various processes within adipose tissues. These processes include adipogenesis, glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammation, and adaptive thermogenesis, all of which are essential for the maintenance of the balance and functionality of the adipose tissue micro-environment. A subset of these adipose-derived secretory factors can enter the circulation and target the distant tissues to regulate appetite, cognitive function, energy expenditure, insulin secretion and sensitivity, gluconeogenesis, cardiovascular remodeling, and exercise capacity. In this review, we highlight the role of adipose-derived secretory factors and their signaling pathways in modulating metabolic homeostasis. Furthermore, we delve into the alterations in both the content and secretion processes of these factors under various physiological and pathological conditions, shedding light on potential pharmacological treatment strategies for related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shu-Wen Qian
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qi-Qun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Stefanska B, Sobolewska P, Fievez V, Pruszynska-Oszmałek E, Purwin C, Nowak W. The effect of heat stress on performance, fertility, and adipokines involved in regulating systemic immune response during lipolysis of early lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:2111-2128. [PMID: 37923214 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the potential effect of heat stress on dairy cow productivity, fertility, and biochemical blood indices during the early lactation stage in a temperate climate. Additionally, the study aimed to determine the role of leptin and adiponectin in regulating the immune response accompanying lipolysis after calving in dairy cows. The study included 100 clinically healthy Polish Holstein-Friesian dairy cows selected based on parity and 305 d of milk yield from 5 commercial farms with similar herd management and housing systems. Prospective cohort data were recorded from calving day until 150 d in milk, and microclimate loggers installed inside the barns were used to record temperature and relative humidity data to calculate daily temperature-humidity index (THI) on the calving day, through +7, +14, and +21 d during early lactation. Additionally, monthly productive performance parameters such as milk yield, chemical composition, fatty acids composition, and fertility indices were analyzed. Results showed that the THI from calving day through +7, +14, and +21 d during early lactation was negatively associated with fertility parameters such as delayed first estrus postpartum and an elongated calving interval, respectively, by 29, 27, 25, and 16 d. Furthermore, an increase in THI value during early lactation was associated with an elongated artificially inseminated service period, days open, and intercalving period. Increasing THI from calving day (0 d) through +7, +14, and up to +21 d during early lactation was also linked to decreased milk yield by 3.20, 4.10, 5.60, and 5.60 kg, respectively. The study also found that heat stress during early lactation was associated with a lower body condition score in dairy cows and higher concentrations of leptin, nonesterified fatty acids, and β-hydroxybutyrate, accompanied by a drastic reduction in adipose tissue-secreted adiponectin levels after calving. Additionally, heat stress-induced lipolysis in adipose tissue caused an inflammatory response that increased biochemical blood indices associated with immune responses such as cytokines, acute phase proteins, and heat shock protein. These findings suggest that exposing dairy cows to heat stress during early lactation can negatively affect their productive performance, fertility, and biochemical blood indices in subsequent lactations. Thus, farm management changes should be implemented during early lactation to mitigate the negative consequences of heat stress occurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Stefanska
- Department of Grassland and Natural Landscape Sciences, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-632 Poznań, Poland.
| | - P Sobolewska
- Department of Grassland and Natural Landscape Sciences, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-632 Poznań, Poland
| | - V Fievez
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - E Pruszynska-Oszmałek
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry, and Biostructure, Poznań University of Life Science, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - C Purwin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Feed Science, and Cattle Breeding, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - W Nowak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Liao J, Goodrich JA, Chen W, Qiu C, Chen JC, Costello E, Alderete TL, Chatzi L, Gilliland F, Chen Z. Cardiometabolic profiles and proteomics associated with obesity phenotypes in a longitudinal cohort of young adults. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7384. [PMID: 38548792 PMCID: PMC10978904 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57751-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
To assess cardiometabolic profiles and proteomics to identify biomarkers associated with the metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity. Young adults (N = 156) enrolled were classified as not having obesity, metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUHO) based on NCEP ATP-III criteria. Plasma proteomics at study entry were measured using Olink Cardiometabolic Explore panel. Linear regression was used to assess associations between proteomics and obesity groups as well as cardiometabolic traits of glucose, insulin, and lipid profiles at baseline and follow-up visits. Enriched biological pathways were further identified based on the significant proteomic features. Among the baseline 95 (61%) and 61 (39%) participants classified as not having obesity and having obesity (8 MHO and 53 MUHO), respectively. Eighty of the participants were followed-up with an average 4.6 years. Forty-one proteins were associated with obesity (FDR < 0.05), 29 of which had strong associations with insulin-related traits and lipid profiles (FDR < 0.05). Inflammation, immunomodulation, extracellular matrix remodeling and endoplasmic reticulum lumen functions were enriched by 40 proteins. In this study population, obesity and MHO were associated with insulin resistance and dysregulated lipid profiles. The underlying mechanism included elevated inflammation and deteriorated extracellular matrix remodeling function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Liao
- Department of Public and Population Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Jesse A Goodrich
- Department of Public and Population Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Wu Chen
- Department of Public and Population Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Chenyu Qiu
- Department of Public and Population Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Jiawen Carmen Chen
- Department of Public and Population Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Elizabeth Costello
- Department of Public and Population Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Tanya L Alderete
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Lida Chatzi
- Department of Public and Population Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Frank Gilliland
- Department of Public and Population Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Zhanghua Chen
- Department of Public and Population Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Grmai L, Michaca M, Lackner E, Nampoothiri V P N, Vasudevan D. Integrated stress response signaling acts as a metabolic sensor in fat tissues to regulate oocyte maturation and ovulation. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113863. [PMID: 38457339 PMCID: PMC11077669 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Reproduction is an energy-intensive process requiring systemic coordination. However, the inter-organ signaling mechanisms that relay nutrient status to modulate reproductive output are poorly understood. Here, we use Drosophila melanogaster as a model to establish the integrated stress response (ISR) transcription factor, Atf4, as a fat tissue metabolic sensor that instructs oogenesis. We demonstrate that Atf4 regulates lipase activity to mediate yolk lipoprotein synthesis in the fat body. Depletion of Atf4 in the fat body also blunts oogenesis recovery after amino acid deprivation and re-feeding, suggestive of a nutrient-sensing role for Atf4. We also discovered that Atf4 promotes secretion of a fat-body-derived neuropeptide, CNMamide, which modulates neural circuits that promote egg-laying behavior (ovulation). Thus, we posit that ISR signaling in fat tissue acts as a "metabolic sensor" that instructs female reproduction-directly by impacting yolk lipoprotein production and follicle maturation and systemically by regulating ovulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Grmai
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Manuel Michaca
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Emily Lackner
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Deepika Vasudevan
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Yin Y, Gong S, Han M, Wang J, Shi H, Jiang X, Guo L, Duan Y, Guo Q, Chen Q, Li F. Leucine regulates lipid metabolism in adipose tissue through adipokine-mTOR-SIRT1 signaling pathway and bile acid-microbe axis in a finishing pig model. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 16:158-173. [PMID: 38357569 PMCID: PMC10864217 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
This study was conducted to explore the regulatory mechanism of leucine (Leu) on lipid metabolism of finishing pigs. Twenty-four Duroc × Landrace × Large cross pigs with an average body weight of 68.33 ± 0.97 kg were randomly allocated into 3 treatment groups with 8 replicates per group (1 pig per replicate). The dietary treatments were as follows: control group (CON), 0.25% Leu group and 0.50% Leu group. The experimental period was 42 d. The results showed as follows. (1) Compared with the CON, 0.25% and 0.50% Leu increased (P < 0.01) the average daily gain (ADG), while the average backfat thickness (ABT) and the ratio of feed intake to body weight gain (F:G ratio) were decreased (P < 0.05). (2) In the 0.25% Leu group, the relative mRNA expression levels of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP1c), recombinant fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1), chemerin and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) were decreased but the level of fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) and fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36) were increased in backfat tissue. In the 0.25% Leu group, the protein levels of p-Rictor, p-Raptor, p-eIF4E-binding protein 1 (p-4EBP1), p-silent mating type information regulator 2 homolog 1 (p-SIRT1) and acetylation ribosome s6 protein kinase 1 (Ac-S6K1) were increased (P < 0.05). (3) Compared to the CON, the diversity of gut microbiota in the 0.25% Leu group was increased. Principal component analysis showed that the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Lactobacillus and Desulfovibrio was higher in the 0.25% Leu group than the CON, but the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Treponema and Shigella was lower than in the CON (P < 0.05). (4) Four different metabolites were screened out from the serum of finishing pigs including allolithocholic acid (alloLCA), isolithocholic acid (isoLCA), ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA), which correlate to various degrees with the above microorganisms. In conclusion, Leu could promote adipose tissue lipolysis of finishing pigs through the mTOR-SIRT1 signaling pathway, and S6K1 is acetylated at the same time, and the interaction between gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism is also involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunju Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Saiming Gong
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Mengmeng Han
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Modern Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingzun Wang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730124, China
| | - Hanjing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xianji Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Liu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Modern Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yehui Duan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Qiuping Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Qinghua Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Fengna Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Modern Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Bigazzi F, De Pasquale CF, Maestro S, Corciulo C, Dal Pino B, Sbrana F, Sampietro T. PCSK9 and leptin plasma levels in anorexia nervosa. Hormones (Athens) 2024; 23:137-140. [PMID: 37999906 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-023-00504-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
AIM Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a regulator of low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), a major risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) disease. Since the hormone leptin has been suggested as having a role in CV risk regulation, possibly by modulating LDL receptor expression through the PCSK9 pathway, nutritional status may represent a potential regulator. Thus, evaluation of PCSK9 levels in human eating disorders appears to be of interest. In this report, we evaluate the lipoprotein profile, PCSK9, and leptin levels in subjects affected by anorexia nervosa (AN) to improve our understanding of the metabolic alterations in this disease. METHODS AND RESULTS We designed a case-control observational study, enrolling 20 anorexic adolescent females and 20 adolescent females without AN as the control group, age- and sex-matched. Subjects affected by AN showed lower BMI, total cholesterol, and LDL-C in comparison to the control group, with lipoprotein levels in the normal range. Furthermore, adolescent girls with AN show significantly higher PCSK9 (+24%, p < 0.005) and lower leptin levels (-43%, p < 0.01), compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS The findings of increased levels of PCSK9 and reduced leptin levels among AN subjects warrant further research in order to unravel the role of the liver and adipose tissue in the management of PCSK9/LDL metabolism in adolescents affected by AN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Bigazzi
- U.O. Lipoapheresis and Center for Inherited Dyslipidemias, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlotta Francesca De Pasquale
- Fondazione Stella Maris, IRCCS Istituto Scientifico per la Neuropsichiatria dell'Infanzia e dell'Adolescenza, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sandra Maestro
- Fondazione Stella Maris, IRCCS Istituto Scientifico per la Neuropsichiatria dell'Infanzia e dell'Adolescenza, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carmen Corciulo
- U.O. Lipoapheresis and Center for Inherited Dyslipidemias, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Beatrice Dal Pino
- U.O. Lipoapheresis and Center for Inherited Dyslipidemias, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Sbrana
- U.O. Lipoapheresis and Center for Inherited Dyslipidemias, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Sampietro
- U.O. Lipoapheresis and Center for Inherited Dyslipidemias, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Ramasamy I. Physiological Appetite Regulation and Bariatric Surgery. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1347. [PMID: 38546831 PMCID: PMC10932430 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity remains a common metabolic disorder and a threat to health as it is associated with numerous complications. Lifestyle modifications and caloric restriction can achieve limited weight loss. Bariatric surgery is an effective way of achieving substantial weight loss as well as glycemic control secondary to weight-related type 2 diabetes mellitus. It has been suggested that an anorexigenic gut hormone response following bariatric surgery contributes to weight loss. Understanding the changes in gut hormones and their contribution to weight loss physiology can lead to new therapeutic treatments for weight loss. Two distinct types of neurons in the arcuate hypothalamic nuclei control food intake: proopiomelanocortin neurons activated by the anorexigenic (satiety) hormones and neurons activated by the orexigenic peptides that release neuropeptide Y and agouti-related peptide (hunger centre). The arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus integrates hormonal inputs from the gut and adipose tissue (the anorexigenic hormones cholecystokinin, polypeptide YY, glucagon-like peptide-1, oxyntomodulin, leptin, and others) and orexigeneic peptides (ghrelin). Replicating the endocrine response to bariatric surgery through pharmacological mimicry holds promise for medical treatment. Obesity has genetic and environmental factors. New advances in genetic testing have identified both monogenic and polygenic obesity-related genes. Understanding the function of genes contributing to obesity will increase insights into the biology of obesity. This review includes the physiology of appetite control, the influence of genetics on obesity, and the changes that occur following bariatric surgery. This has the potential to lead to the development of more subtle, individualised, treatments for obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Indra Ramasamy
- Department of Blood Sciences, Conquest Hospital, Hastings TN37 7RD, UK
| |
Collapse
|