1
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Jia R, Liang X, Tu J, Yang H. A scoring model for the expression of genes related to programmed cell death predicts immunotherapy response and prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:435. [PMID: 39264392 PMCID: PMC11393378 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01319-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) continues to be the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, driven by environmental factors like smoking and genetic predispositions. LUAD has a high mortality rate, and new biomarkers are urgently needed to improve treatment strategies and patient management. Programmed cell death (PCD) is involved in tumor progression and response to treatment. Therefore, there is a need for an extensive study of the role and functions of PCD-related genes (PCDRGs) in lung adenocarcinoma so as to understand the pathophysiologic features of lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS Based on TCGA and GEO databases, this research is aimed at screening differentially expressed PCD-related genes in lung adenocarcinoma. We conducted GO, and KEGG analysis to establish the link between these genes and biological processes. By applying various machine learning algorithms such as CoxBoost analysis, we developed PCD-related indices (PCDI) that were used to verify their ability to predict prognosis with the use of other datasets. This was done in addition to exploring the biological functions of PCD genes associated with lung adenocarcinoma by assessing the relationship between immune cell components of tumor microenvironment and PCD genes together with examining how they affect drug sensitivity. RESULTS The research presented in this article offers significant insights into LUAD. The authors identified 113 PCDRGs that were differentially expressed in LUAD. These genes are implicated in various biological functions, including High risk ing apoptosis, ferroptosis, and pathways specific to non-small cell lung cancer. Notably, the PCDI proved effective in distinguishing between High risk and Low risk LUAD patients, demonstrating a higher accuracy in prognosis prediction compared to traditional clinical indicators such as age and gender. This high prediction accuracy was validated in both test and validation cohorts. Additionally, these genes showed significant correlations with immune cell infiltration and drug sensitivity in LUAD patients. CONCLUSION We analysed the expression and function of PCDRGs in LUAD and revealed their correlation with patient survival, the immune microenvironment and drug sensitivity. The constructed PCDI model provides a scientific basis for the personalised treatment of lung adenocarcinoma, and future optimisation of treatment strategies based on these genes may improve patient clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runan Jia
- Cancer Center, Lishui Central Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Zhejiang University Lishui Hospital, Lishui Central Hospital, 289 Kuangcang Road, Lishui City, 323000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaolong Liang
- Pharmacy Department, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, No.150 Ximen Street, Linhai City, Taizhou City, 317000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianfei Tu
- Cancer Center, Lishui Central Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Zhejiang University Lishui Hospital, Lishui Central Hospital, 289 Kuangcang Road, Lishui City, 323000, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Hongyuan Yang
- Cancer Center, Lishui Central Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Zhejiang University Lishui Hospital, Lishui Central Hospital, 289 Kuangcang Road, Lishui City, 323000, Zhejiang Province, China.
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2
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Lee JS, Tocheny CE, Shaw LM. The Insulin-like Growth Factor Signaling Pathway in Breast Cancer: An Elusive Therapeutic Target. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12121992. [PMID: 36556357 PMCID: PMC9782138 DOI: 10.3390/life12121992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we provide an overview of the role of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathway in breast cancer and discuss its potential as a therapeutic target. The IGF pathway ligands, IGF-1 and IGF-2, and their receptors, primarily IGF-1R, are important for normal mammary gland biology, and dysregulation of their expression and function drives breast cancer risk and progression through activation of downstream signaling effectors, often in a subtype-dependent manner. The IGF signaling pathway has also been implicated in resistance to current therapeutic strategies, including ER and HER2 targeting drugs. Unfortunately, efforts to target IGF signaling for the treatment of breast cancer have been unsuccessful, due to a number of factors, most significantly the adverse effects of disrupting IGF signaling on normal glucose metabolism. We highlight here the recent discoveries that provide enthusiasm for continuing efforts to target IGF signaling for the treatment of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leslie M. Shaw
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-508-856-8675; Fax: +1-508-856-1310
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3
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Hassan MS, Cwidak N, Johnson C, Däster S, Eppenberger-Castori S, Awasthi N, Li J, Schwarz MA, von Holzen U. Therapeutic Potential of the Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor Flavopiridol on c-Myc Overexpressing Esophageal Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:746385. [PMID: 34621175 PMCID: PMC8490822 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.746385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors with elevated c-Myc expression often exhibit a highly aggressive phenotype, and c-Myc amplification has been shown to be frequent in esophageal cancer. Emerging data suggests that synthetic lethal interactions between c-Myc pathway activation and small molecules inhibition involved in cell cycle signaling can be therapeutically exploited to preferentially kill tumor cells. We therefore investigated whether exploiting elevated c-Myc expression is effective in treating esophageal cancer with the CDK inhibitor flavopiridol. We found frequent overexpression of c-Myc in human esophageal cancer cell lines and tissues. c-Myc overexpression correlated with accelerated esophageal cancer subcutaneous xenograft tumor growth. Esophageal cancer cells with elevated c-Myc expression were found preferentially more sensitive to induction of apoptosis by the CDK inhibition flavopiridol compared to esophageal cancer cells with lower c-Myc expression. In addition, we observed that flavopiridol alone or in combination with the chemotherapeutic agent nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (NPT) or in combinations with the targeted agent BMS-754807 significantly inhibited esophageal cancer cell proliferation and subcutaneous xenograft tumor growth while significantly enhancing overall mice survival. These results indicate that aggressive esophageal cancer cells with elevated c-Myc expression are sensitive to the CDK inhibitor flavopiridol, and that flavopiridol alone or in combination can be a potential therapy for c-Myc overexpressing esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sazzad Hassan
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN, United States.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN, United States
| | - Nicholas Cwidak
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN, United States
| | - Chloe Johnson
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | | | | | - Niranjan Awasthi
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN, United States.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN, United States
| | - Jun Li
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN, United States.,University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Margaret A Schwarz
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN, United States
| | - Urs von Holzen
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, IN, United States.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN, United States.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Goshen Center for Cancer Care, Goshen, IN, United States
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4
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Xue L, Chen F, Yue F, Camacho L, Kothapalli S, Wei G, Huang S, Mo Q, Ma F, Li Y, Jiralerspong S. Metformin and an insulin/IGF-1 receptor inhibitor are synergistic in blocking growth of triple-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2020; 185:73-84. [PMID: 32940848 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-05927-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer with poor survival outcomes. Metformin has been shown to have antitumor effects by lowering serum levels of the mitogen insulin and having pleiotropic effects on cancer cell signaling pathways. BMS-754807 is a potent and reversible inhibitor of both insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) and insulin receptor (IR). Both drugs have been reported to have some efficacy in TNBC. However, it is unclear whether the combination of the two drugs is more effective than single drug treatment in TNBC. METHODS We treated a panel of TNBC cell lines with metformin and BMS-754807 alone and in combination and tested cell viability using MTS assays. We used the CompuSyn software to analyze for additivity, synergism, or antagonism. We also examined the molecular mechanism by performing reverse phase protein assay (RPPA) to detect the candidate pathways altered by single drugs and the drug combination and used Western blotting to verify and expand the findings. RESULTS The combination of metformin and BMS-754807 showed synergy in 11 out of 13 TNBC cell lines tested (85%). RPPA analysis detected significant alterations by the drug combination of multiple proteins known to regulate cell cycle and tumor growth. In particular, the drug combination significantly increased levels of total and phosphorylated forms of the cell cycle inhibitor p27Kip1 and decreased the level of the p27Kip1 E3 ligase SCFSkp2. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the combination of metformin and BMS-754807 is more effective than either drug alone in inhibiting cell proliferation in the majority of TNBC cell lines, and that one important mechanism may be suppression of SCFSkp2 and subsequent stabilization of the cell cycle inhibitor p27Kip1. This combination treatment may represent an effective targeted therapy for a significant subset of TNBC cases and should be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xue
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, China.,Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Fengju Chen
- Dan L Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Fei Yue
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Laura Camacho
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sushma Kothapalli
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Guanyun Wei
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shixia Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Dan L Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Qianxing Mo
- Dan L Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Fei Ma
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Li
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Sao Jiralerspong
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Section of Breast Medical Oncology, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
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5
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The IGF-II-Insulin Receptor Isoform-A Autocrine Signal in Cancer: Actionable Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020366. [PMID: 32033443 PMCID: PMC7072655 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin receptor overexpression is a common event in human cancer. Its overexpression is associated with a relative increase in the expression of its isoform A (IRA), a shorter variant lacking 11 aa in the extracellular domain, conferring high affinity for the binding of IGF-II along with added intracellular signaling specificity for this ligand. Since IGF-II is secreted by the vast majority of malignant solid cancers, where it establishes autocrine stimuli, the co-expression of IGF-II and IRA in cancer provides specific advantages such as apoptosis escape, growth, and proliferation to those cancers bearing such a co-expression pattern. However, little is known about the exact role of this autocrine ligand–receptor system in sustaining cancer malignant features such as angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. The recent finding that the overexpression of angiogenic receptor kinase EphB4 along with VEGF-A is tightly dependent on the IGF-II/IRA autocrine system independently of IGFIR provided new perspectives for all malignant IGF2omas (those aggressive solid cancers secreting IGF-II). The present review provides an updated view of the IGF system in cancer, focusing on the biology of the autocrine IGF-II/IRA ligand–receptor axis and supporting its underscored role as a malignant-switch checkpoint target.
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6
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Gusscott S, Tamiro F, Giambra V, Weng AP. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Adv Biol Regul 2019; 74:100652. [PMID: 31543360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2019.100652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive cancer, characterized by an uncontrolled expansion and accumulation of T-cell progenitors. During leukemic progression, immature T cells grow abnormally and occupy the bone marrow compartment, thereby interfering with the production of normal blood cells. Pediatric T-ALL is curable with intensive chemotherapy, but there are significant, long-term side effects and ~20% of patients suffer relapse for which there are limited treatment options. Adult T-ALL in contrast is largely incurable and refractory/relapsed disease is common despite multi-agent chemotherapy (5-year overall survival of ~40%), and thus new therapeutic targets are needed. We have reported previously on the role of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling in T-ALL, and shown that it exerts potent phenotypes in both leukemia stem cell and bulk tumor cell populations. Modulators of IGF signaling may thus prove useful in improving outcomes in patients with T-ALL. In this review, we summarize the most recent findings relating to IGF signaling in T-ALL and outline therapeutic options using clinically relevant IGF signaling modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Gusscott
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Francesco Tamiro
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada; Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies (ISBReMIT), Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Giambra
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada; Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies (ISBReMIT), Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Andrew P Weng
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada.
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7
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Simpson A, Petnga W, Macaulay VM, Weyer-Czernilofsky U, Bogenrieder T. Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF) Pathway Targeting in Cancer: Role of the IGF Axis and Opportunities for Future Combination Studies. Target Oncol 2017; 12:571-597. [PMID: 28815409 PMCID: PMC5610669 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-017-0514-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite a strong preclinical rationale for targeting the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis in cancer, clinical studies of IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R)-targeted monotherapies have been largely disappointing, and any potential success has been limited by the lack of validated predictive biomarkers for patient enrichment. A large body of preclinical evidence suggests that the key role of the IGF axis in cancer is in driving treatment resistance, via general proliferative/survival mechanisms, interactions with other mitogenic signaling networks, and class-specific mechanisms such as DNA damage repair. Consequently, combining IGF-targeted agents with standard cytotoxic agents, other targeted agents, endocrine therapies, or immunotherapies represents an attractive therapeutic approach. Anti-IGF-1R monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) do not inhibit IGF ligand 2 (IGF-2) activation of the insulin receptor isoform-A (INSR-A), which may limit their anti-proliferative activity. In addition, due to their lack of specificity, IGF-1R tyrosine kinase inhibitors are associated with hyperglycemia as a result of interference with signaling through the classical metabolic INSR-B isoform; this may preclude their use at clinically effective doses. Conversely, IGF-1/IGF-2 ligand-neutralizing mAbs inhibit proliferative/anti-apoptotic signaling via IGF-1R and INSR-A, without compromising the metabolic function of INSR-B. Therefore, combination regimens that include these agents may be more efficacious and tolerable versus IGF-1R-targeted combinations. Herein, we review the preclinical and clinical experience with IGF-targeted therapies to-date, and discuss the rationale for future combination approaches as a means to overcome treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Simpson
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Bogenrieder
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV, Dr. Boehringer Gasse 5-11, 1121, Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
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8
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Shah RR. Hyperglycaemia Induced by Novel Anticancer Agents: An Undesirable Complication or a Potential Therapeutic Opportunity? Drug Saf 2016; 40:211-228. [DOI: 10.1007/s40264-016-0485-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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9
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Schwartz GK, Dickson MA, LoRusso PM, Sausville EA, Maekawa Y, Watanabe Y, Kashima N, Nakashima D, Akinaga S. Preclinical and first-in-human phase I studies of KW-2450, an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor with insulin-like growth factor receptor-1/insulin receptor selectivity. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:499-506. [PMID: 26850678 PMCID: PMC4832855 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous solid tumors overexpress or have excessively activated insulin-like growth factor receptor-1 (IGF-1R). We summarize preclinical studies and the first-in-human study of KW-2450, an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor with IGF-1R and insulin receptor (IR) inhibitory activity. Preclinical activity of KW-2450 was evaluated in various in vitro and in vivo models. It was then evaluated in a phase I clinical trial in 13 patients with advanced solid tumors (NCT00921336). In vitro, KW-2450 inhibited human IGF-1R and IR kinases (IC50 7.39 and 5.64 nmol/L, respectively) and the growth of various human malignant cell lines. KW-2450 40 mg/kg showed modest growth inhibitory activity and inhibited IGF-1-induced signal transduction in the murine HT-29/GFP colon carcinoma xenograft model. The maximum tolerated dose of KW-2450 was 37.5 mg once daily continuously; dose-limiting toxicity occurred in two of six patients at 50 mg/day (both grade 3 hyperglycemia) and in one of seven patients at 37.5 mg/day (grade 3 rash). Four of 10 evaluable patients showed stable disease. Single-agent KW-2450 was associated with modest antitumor activity in heavily pretreated patients with solid tumors and is being further investigated in combination therapy with lapatinib/letrozole in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-postive metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary K Schwartz
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA, USA
| | - Mark A Dickson
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA, USA.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA, USA
| | | | | | - Yoshimi Maekawa
- Fuji Research Park, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuo Watanabe
- Fuji Research Park, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Naomi Kashima
- Fuji Research Park, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nakashima
- Planning Department, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Pharma Inc., Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Shiro Akinaga
- Tokyo Research Park, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Hou X, Huang F, Macedo LF, Harrington SC, Reeves KA, Greer A, Finckenstein FG, Brodie A, Gottardis MM, Carboni JM, Haluska P. Dual IGF-1R/InsR inhibitor BMS-754807 synergizes with hormonal agents in treatment of estrogen-dependent breast cancer. Cancer Res 2011; 71:7597-607. [PMID: 22042792 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-1080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling has been implicated in the resistance to hormonal therapy in breast cancer. Using a model of postmenopausal, estrogen-dependent breast cancer, we investigated the antitumor effects of the dual IGF-1R/InsR tyrosine kinase inhibitor BMS-754807 alone and in combination with letrozole or tamoxifen. BMS-754807 exhibited antiproliferative effects in vitro that synergized strongly in combination with letrozole or 4-hydroxytamoxifen and fulvestrant. Similarly, combined treatment of BMS-754807 with either tamoxifen or letrozole in vivo elicited tumor regressions not achieved by single-agent therapy. Notably, hormonal therapy enhanced the inhibition of IGF-1R/InsR without major side effects in animals. Microarray expression analysis revealed downregulation of cell-cycle control and survival pathways and upregulation of erbB in response to BMS-754807 plus hormonal therapy, particularly tamoxifen. Overall, these results offer a preclinical proof-of-concept for BMS-754807 as an antitumor agent in combination with hormonal therapies in hormone-sensitive breast cancer. Cooperative cell-cycle arrest, decreased proliferation, and enhanced promotion of apoptosis may contribute to antitumor effects to be gauged in future clinical investigations justified by our findings.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Blotting, Western
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Drug Synergism
- Estradiol/administration & dosage
- Estradiol/analogs & derivatives
- Estradiol/pharmacology
- Estrogens/metabolism
- Female
- Fulvestrant
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Humans
- Letrozole
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Nitriles/administration & dosage
- Nitriles/pharmacology
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/metabolism
- Receptor, Insulin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Insulin/genetics
- Receptor, Insulin/metabolism
- Tamoxifen/administration & dosage
- Tamoxifen/analogs & derivatives
- Tamoxifen/pharmacology
- Triazines/pharmacology
- Triazoles/administration & dosage
- Triazoles/pharmacology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Hou
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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11
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Tognon CE, Somasiri AM, Evdokimova VE, Trigo G, Uy EE, Melnyk N, Carboni JM, Gottardis MM, Roskelley CD, Pollak M, Sorensen PHB. ETV6-NTRK3-mediated breast epithelial cell transformation is blocked by targeting the IGF1R signaling pathway. Cancer Res 2010; 71:1060-70. [PMID: 21148487 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-3096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 1 receptor (IGF1R) is an important therapeutic target under study in many cancers. Here, we describe a breast cancer model based on expression of the ETV6-NTRK3 (EN) chimeric tyrosine kinase that suggests novel therapeutic applications of IGF1R inhibitors in secretory breast cancers. Originally discovered in congenital fibrosarcomas with t(12;15) translocations, EN was identified subsequently in secretory breast carcinoma (SBC) which represent a variant of invasive ductal carcinoma. Because fibroblast transformation by EN requires the IGF1R axis, we hypothesized a similar dependency may exist in mammary cells and, if so, that IGF1R inhibitors might be useful to block EN-driven breast oncogenesis. In this study, we analyzed EN expressing murine and human mammary epithelial cell lines for transformation properties. Various IGF1R signaling inhibitors, including the dual specificity IGF1R/insulin receptor (INSR) inhibitor BMS-536924, were then tested for effects on three-dimensional Matrigel cell growth, migration, and tumor formation. We found that EN expression increased acinar size and luminal filling in Matrigel cultures and promoted orthotopic tumor growth in mice. Tumors were well differentiated and nonmetastatic, similar to human SBC. The known EN effector pathway, PI3K-Akt, was activated in an IGF1- or insulin-dependent manner. BMS-536924 blocked EN transformation in vitro, whereas BMS-754807, another IGIFR/INSR kinase inhibitor currently in clinical trials, significantly reduced tumor growth in vivo. Importantly, EN model systems mimic the clinical phenotype observed in human SBC. Moreover, EN has a strict requirement for IGF1R or INSR in breast cell transformation. Thus, our findings strongly encourage the evaluation of IGF1R/INSR inhibitors to treat EN-driven breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina E Tognon
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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12
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Wahner Hendrickson AE, Haluska P, Erlichman C, Gottardis M, Carboni JE, Karp JE, Kaufmann SH. Insulin Receptor A and IGF-IR in AML – Response. Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-1920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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