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Vashchenko OV, Ye Brodskii R, Davydova IO, Vashchenko PV, Ivaniuk OI, Ruban OA. Biopharmaceutical studies of a novel sedative sublingual lozenge based on glycine and tryptophan: A rationale for mucoadhesive agent selection. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 203:114469. [PMID: 39186958 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Effective sedative drugs are in great demand due to increasing incidence of nervous disorders. The present work was aimed to develop a novel sublingual sedative drug based on glycine and L-tryptophan amino acids. Carbopol and different hydroxypropyl methylcellulose species were alternatively tested as mucoadhesive agents intended to prolong tryptophan sublingual release time. A model lipid medium of fully hydrated L-α-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine was used for optimal mucoadhesive agents selection. Simultaneous processes of drug release and diffusion in lipid medium were first investigated involving both experimental and theoretical approaches. Individual substances, their selected combinations as well as different drug formulations were consecutively examined. Application of kinetic differential scanning calorimetry method allowed us to reveal a number of specific drug-excipient effects. Lactose was found to essentially facilitate tryptophan release and provide its ability to get into the bloodstream simultaneously with glycine, which is necessary to achieve glycine-tryptophan synergism. Introduction of a mucoadhesive agent into the formulation was shown to change kinetics of drug-membrane interactions variously depending on viscosity grade. Among the mucoadhesive agents, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose species K4M and E4M were shown to further accelerate drug release, therefore they were selected as optimal. Thus, effectiveness of the novel sedative drug was provided by including some excipients, such as lactose and the selected mucoadhesive agent species. A dynamic mathematical model was developed properly describing release and diffusion in lipid medium of various drug substances. Our study clearly showed applicability of a lipid medium to meet challenges such as drug-excipient interactions and optimization of drug formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- O V Vashchenko
- Institute for Scintillation Materials, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 60 Nauky Ave., 61072 Kharkov, Ukraine.
| | - R Ye Brodskii
- Institute for Single Crystals, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 60 Nauky Ave, 61072 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - I O Davydova
- National University of Pharmacy, 53 H. Skovorody Str., 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - P V Vashchenko
- Institute for Scintillation Materials, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 60 Nauky Ave., 61072 Kharkov, Ukraine
| | - O I Ivaniuk
- National University of Pharmacy, 53 H. Skovorody Str., 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - O A Ruban
- National University of Pharmacy, 53 H. Skovorody Str., 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine
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2
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Lombardo R, Ruponen M, Rautio J, Ghelardini C, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Calosi L, Bani D, Lampinen R, Kanninen KM, Koivisto AM, Penttilä E, Löppönen H, Pignatello R. Development of Lyophilised Eudragit ® Retard Nanoparticles for the Sustained Release of Clozapine via Intranasal Administration. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1554. [PMID: 37242796 PMCID: PMC10224374 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Clozapine (CZP) is the only effective drug in schizophrenia resistant to typical antipsychotics. However, existing dosage forms (oral or orodispersible tablets, suspensions or intramuscular injection) show challenging limitations. After oral administration, CZP has low bioavailability due to a large first-pass effect, while the i.m. route is often painful, with low patient compliance and requiring specialised personnel. Moreover, CZP has a very low aqueous solubility. This study proposes the intranasal route as an alternative route of administration for CZP, through its encapsulation in polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) based on Eudragit® RS100 and RL100 copolymers. Slow-release polymeric NPs with dimensions around 400-500 nm were formulated to reside and release CZP in the nasal cavity, where it can be absorbed through the nasal mucosa and reach the systemic circulation. CZP-EUD-NPs showed a controlled release of CZP for up to 8 h. Furthermore, to reduce mucociliary clearance and increase the residence time of NPs in the nasal cavity to improve drug bioavailability, mucoadhesive NPs were formulated. This study shows that the NPs already exhibited strong electrostatic interactions with mucin at time zero due to the presence of the positive charge of the used copolymers. Furthermore, to improve the solubility, diffusion and adsorption of CZPs and the storage stability of the formulation, it was lyophilised using 5% (w/v) HP-β-CD as a cryoprotectant. It ensured the preservation of the NPs' size, PDI and charge upon reconstitution. Moreover, physicochemical characterisation studies of solid-state NPs were performed. Finally, toxicity studies were performed in vitro on MDCKII cells and primary human olfactory mucosa cells and in vivo on the nasal mucosa of CD-1 mice. The latter showed non-toxicity of B-EUD-NPs and mild CZP-EUD-NP-induced tissue abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosamaria Lombardo
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Marika Ruponen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; (M.R.); (J.R.)
| | - Jarkko Rautio
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; (M.R.); (J.R.)
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA)—Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (C.G.); (L.D.C.M.)
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA)—Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (C.G.); (L.D.C.M.)
| | - Laura Calosi
- Platform of Imaging, Department of Experimental & Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy (D.B.)
| | - Daniele Bani
- Platform of Imaging, Department of Experimental & Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy (D.B.)
| | - Riikka Lampinen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; (R.L.); (K.M.K.)
| | - Katja M. Kanninen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; (R.L.); (K.M.K.)
| | - Anne M. Koivisto
- Brain Research Unit, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70200 Kuopio, Finland;
- Department of Neurology, Neuro Centre, Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Helsinki University Hospital and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medcine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina Penttilä
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; (E.P.)
| | - Heikki Löppönen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; (E.P.)
| | - Rosario Pignatello
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
- NANOMED—Research Centre on Nanomedicine and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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Firdaus JU, Siddiqui N, Alam O, Manaithiya A, Chandra K. Pyrazole scaffold-based derivatives: A glimpse of α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, SAR, and route of synthesis. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2200421. [PMID: 36617511 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The α-glucosidase is a validated target to develop drugs for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus. The existing α-glucosidase inhibitors have certain shortcomings related to side effects and route of synthesis. Accordingly, it is inevitable to develop new chemical templates as α-glucosidase inhibitors. Pyrazole derivatives have a special place in medicinal chemistry because of various biological activities. Recently, pyrazole-based heterocyclic compounds have emerged as a promising scaffold to develop α-glucosidase inhibitors. This study focuses on the recently reported pyrazole-based α-glucosidase inhibitors, including their biological activity (in vivo, in vitro, and in silico), structure-activity relationship, and ways of synthesis. The literature revealed the development of several promising pyrazole-based α-glucosidase inhibitors and new synthetic routes for their preparation. The encouraging α-glucosidase inhibitory results of the pyrazole-based heterocyclic compounds make them an attractive target for further research. The authors also foresee the arrival of the pyrazole-based α-glucosidase inhibitors in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannat Ul Firdaus
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Nadeem Siddiqui
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Ozair Alam
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajay Manaithiya
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Kailash Chandra
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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4
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Nemr AA, El-Mahrouk GM, Badie HA. Development and evaluation of surfactant-based elastic vesicular system for transdermal delivery of Cilostazole: ex-vivo permeation and histopathological evaluation studies. J Liposome Res 2021; 32:159-171. [PMID: 33970754 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2021.1918151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cilostazole (CLZ) is an anti-platelet drug that suffers from extensive first pass-metabolism and gastrointestinal side effects. This study aimed to prepare spanlastics for enhancing the transdermal delivery of CLZ to avoid its oral problems. CLZ-loaded spanlastic dispersions were prepared by ethanol injection technique according to a 413121 full factorial design to investigate the effect of formulation variables on entrapment efficiency (EE%), particle size (PS), zeta potential (ZP), and the percent of drug released after 2 and 24 h (Q2 and 24 h). Spanlastic-loaded gel of the optimized formula was prepared using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC K4M). The optimum formula (F13), constitutes of Span60 and CremophoreRH40 at a weight ratio of 80:20 and distilled water for hydration, had the highest desirability value of (0.841) and exhibited the highest EE% of (69.29 ± 0.29%), PS of (452.7 ± 5.94 nm), ZP of (-32.6 ± 0.4 mV), Q 2 h of (33.28 ± 1.45%) and Q24h of (82.37 ± 1.37. F13 was subjected to ex-vivo permeation study and showed a cumulative amount permeated after 48 h(Q48h) equal to (750.71 ± 3 μg/cm2) in comparison to the drug suspension which showed Q48h equal to (190.20 ± 6.3 μg/cm2). Also, F13 showed an increase in the drug flux of (17.84 μg/cm2.h) and enhancement ratio(ER) of (5.71 ± 0.1) in comparison to the drug suspension that showed drug flux of (3.12 ± 0.0 μg/cm2.h). Spanlastics-loaded gel was subjected to an in-vitro release study compared to(F13) spanlastic dispersion and showed a more sustained release effect. In addition, histopathological studies showed no sign of skin alteration confirming safe delivery through the skin. CLZ showed promising results with high potential to be delivered transdermally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Ashraf Nemr
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Galal Mohamed El-Mahrouk
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hany Abdo Badie
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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5
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Al-Kassas R, Madni A, Buchanan C, Shelling AN. pH-Sensitive Nanoparticles Developed and Optimized Using Factorial Design for Oral Delivery of Gliclazide. J Pharm Innov 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-021-09536-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Amirinejad M, Davoodi J, Abbaspour MR, Akhgari A, Hadizadeh F, Badiee A. Preparation, characterization and improved release profile of ibuprofen-phospholipid association. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Abou Obaid NI, Al-Jenoobi FI, Ibrahim MA, Alam MA. Losartan potassium sustained release pellets with improved in vitro and in vivo performance. Pharm Dev Technol 2020; 25:1031-1042. [PMID: 32538215 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2020.1782934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to formulate and evaluate SR matrix pellets containing losartan potassium (LP) solid dispersion using extrusion-spheronization technique to minimize the fluctuation of its plasma concentration. LP solid dispersions were prepared by using different hydrophobic polymers at different weight ratios (0.5, 1, 2, and 5%). LP-Eudragit RS solid dispersion at 1:5 ratio resulted in slower drug release (only 20% of LP was released in about 8 h). Different concentrations of hydrophilic polymer, PEG 6000, were mixed with Avicel® PH 101 to prepare the LP SR matrix pellets containing solid dispersion using 32 full factorial design to evaluate the effects of formulation parameters on the pellets attributes. The magnitude of torque for the pellet wet masses and binder ratio were decreased significantly with increasing PEG 6000 concentration. LP sustained release pellet formula composed of 9.24% PEG 6000 and 8 × 10-9% PVP K30 solution was chosen as optimized formula. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed that calculated t max was 9.72 ± 2.22 h from the optimized sustained release pellets compared to 2.11 ± 0.49 h in case of Cozaar® immediate release tablet, indicating a slower release of the LP from pellets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuha I Abou Obaid
- Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad I Al-Jenoobi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Ibrahim
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohd A Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Abstract
Retinol is a compound used in many skin care formulations to act against skin conditions like acne, wrinkles, psoriasis, and ichthyosis. While retinol is used as an active ingredient, its efficacy is limited by an extreme sensitivity to light and temperature. Retinol can also generate toxicity at high concentrations. Microencapsulation is an alternative method to help overcome these issues. In this study, we develop a new encapsulation of retinol by solvent evaporation using a cationic polymer. We show that our particles have a narrow size distribution (350 nm), can encapsulate retinol with high efficiency, and protect it from oxidation for at least eight weeks. Finally, to demonstrate that the release of retinol from the particles can be controlled, we performed a kinetic study and showed that the particle releases the drug during 18 h.
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9
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Kırımlıoğlu GY, Özer S, Büyükköroğlu G, Yazan Y. Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride-Loaded Eudragit® RL 100 and Kollidon® SR Based Nanoparticles: Formulation, In vitro Characterization and Cytotoxicity. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2020; 24:328-341. [PMID: 32342810 DOI: 10.2174/1386207323666200428091945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering the low ocular bioavailability of conventional formulations used for ocular bacterial infection treatment, there is a need to design efficient novel drug delivery systems that may enhance precorneal retention time and corneal permeability. AIM AND OBJECTIVE The current research focuses on developing nanosized and non-toxic Eudragit® RL 100 and Kollidon® SR nanoparticles loaded with moxifloxacin hydrochloride (MOX) for its prolonged release to be promising for effective ocular delivery. METHODS In this study, MOX incorporation was carried out by spray drying method aiming ocular delivery. In vitro characteristics were evaluated in detail with different methods. RESULTS MOX was successfully incorporated into Eudragit® RL 100 and Kollidon® SR polymeric nanoparticles by a spray-drying process. Particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, particle morphology, thermal, FTIR, NMR analyses and MOX quantification using HPLC method were carried out to evaluate the nanoparticles prepared. MOX loaded nanoparticles demonstrated nanosized and spherical shape while in vitro release studies demonstrated modified-release pattern, which followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model. Following the successful incorporation of MOX into the nanoparticles, the formulation (MOX: Eudragit® RL 100, 1:5) (ERL-MOX 2) was selected for further studies because of its better characteristics like cationic zeta potential, smaller particle size, narrow size distribution and more uniform prolonged release pattern. Moreover, ERLMOX 2 formulation remained stable for 3 months and demonstrated higher cell viability values for MOX. CONCLUSION In vitro characterization analyses showed that non-toxic, nano-sized and cationic ERL-MOX 2 formulation has the potential of enhancing ocular bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sinan Özer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Gülay Büyükköroğlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Yazan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Ma C, Wang W, Huang Z, Chen X, Ye W, Pan K, Ma R, Xue K, Cai S, Huang Y, Pan X, Wu C. Effect of the cargo lipophilicity on powder micromeritics properties of drug-loaded solid lipid microparticles. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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11
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Khosro Adibkia, Barzegar-Jalali M, Balaei N, Osouli-Bostanabad K, Ghajar S, Emami S, Zakhireh S. Formulation of Pioglitazone-Eudragit® RS100 Nanobeads and Nanofibers Using Electrospraying Technique. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x19030015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Darji MA, Lalge RM, Marathe SP, Mulay TD, Fatima T, Alshammari A, Lee HK, Repka MA, Narasimha Murthy S. Excipient Stability in Oral Solid Dosage Forms: A Review. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:12-26. [PMID: 28895106 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0864-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The choice of excipients constitutes a major part of preformulation and formulation studies during the preparation of pharmaceutical dosage forms. The physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of excipients affect various formulation parameters, such as disintegration, dissolution, and shelf life, and significantly influence the final product. Therefore, several studies have been performed to evaluate the effect of drug-excipient interactions on the overall formulation. This article reviews the information available on the physical and chemical instabilities of excipients and their incompatibilities with the active pharmaceutical ingredient in solid oral dosage forms, during various drug-manufacturing processes. The impact of these interactions on the drug formulation process has been discussed in detail. Examples of various excipients used in solid oral dosage forms have been included to elaborate on different drug-excipient interactions.
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Quaroni GMG, Gennari CGM, Cilurzo F, Ducouret G, Creton C, Minghetti P. Tuning the rheological properties of an ammonium methacrylate copolymer for the design of adhesives suitable for transdermal patches. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 111:238-246. [PMID: 28987537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Eudragit® RL (EuRL) matrices have been proposed to release a drug to the skin. However, no information is available on both viscoelastic and adhesive properties of such compositions. This work focuses on the evaluation of both rheological and texture properties of EuRL differently plasticized with tributyl citrate (TBC) or triacetin (TRI) in order to design a pressure sensitive adhesive suitable for transdermal patch preparation. The patch adhesive properties (i.e. tack, peel adhesion and shear adhesion) as well as its in vitro biopharmaceutical performances were determined after loading ibuprofen, ketoprofen or flurbiprofen. The addition of 40-60% w/w TBC or 40-50% w/w TRI to EuRL permitted to obtain matrices with the desired adhesive properties. Moreover, the increase of plasticizer content and loading of the drug reduced the relaxation time (τR). Consequently, the shear adhesion values decreased and the in vitro drug release constants (k) increased. Indeed, the k values from patches containing TBC were lower than the corresponding with TRI because of the lower fluidity of such matrices. In conclusion, the 60/40 EuRL/TBC binary blend is suitable for the design of transdermal patches since the in vitro permeability of the three selected drugs appeared comparable to those described in literature for marketed products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia M G Quaroni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Colombo, 71, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara G M Gennari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Colombo, 71, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Cilurzo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Colombo, 71, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Guylaine Ducouret
- Laboratory of Soft Matter And Engineering Sciences, CNRS UMR 7615, École SupÉrieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI), ParisTech, PSL Research Univeristy, 10 rue Vauquelin, F-75231 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Costantino Creton
- Laboratory of Soft Matter And Engineering Sciences, CNRS UMR 7615, École SupÉrieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI), ParisTech, PSL Research Univeristy, 10 rue Vauquelin, F-75231 Paris cedex 05, France; IMM, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne-UniversitÉs, 10 rue Vauquelin, F-75231 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Paola Minghetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Colombo, 71, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Essa EA, Elmarakby AO, Donia AMA, El Maghraby GM. Controlled precipitation for enhanced dissolution rate of flurbiprofen: development of rapidly disintegrating tablets. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2017; 43:1430-1439. [PMID: 28402193 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2017.1318905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this work was to investigate the potential of controlled precipitation of flurbiprofen on solid surface, in the presence or absence of hydrophilic polymers, as a tool for enhanced dissolution rate of the drug. The work was extended to develop rapidly disintegrated tablets. SIGNIFICANCE This strategy provides simple technique for dissolution enhancement of slowly dissolving drugs with high scaling up potential. METHODS Aerosil was dispersed in ethanolic solution of flurbiprofen in the presence and absence of hydrophilic polymers. Acidified water was added as antisolvent to produce controlled precipitation. The resultant particles were centrifuged and dried at ambient temperature before monitoring the dissolution pattern. The particles were also subjected to FTIR spectroscopic, X-ray diffraction and thermal analyses. RESULTS The FTIR spectroscopy excluded any interaction between flurbiprofen and excipients. The thermal analysis reflected possible change in the crystalline structure and or crystal size of the drug after controlled precipitation in the presence of hydrophilic polymers. This was further confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The modulation in the crystalline structure and size was associated with a significant enhancement in the dissolution rate of flurbiprofen. Optimum formulations were successfully formulated as rapidly disintegrating tablet with subsequent fast dissolution. CONCLUSIONS Precipitation on a large solid surface area is a promising strategy for enhanced dissolution rate with the presence of hydrophilic polymers during precipitation process improving the efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebtessam A Essa
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Tanta University , Tanta , Egypt
| | - Amira O Elmarakby
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Tanta University , Tanta , Egypt
| | - Ahmed M A Donia
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Tanta University , Tanta , Egypt
| | - Gamal M El Maghraby
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Tanta University , Tanta , Egypt
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15
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Elzayat EM, Abdel-Rahman AA, Ahmed SM, Alanazi FK, Habib WA, Abou-Auda HS, Sakr A. Formulation and pharmacokinetics of multi-layered matrix tablets: Biphasic delivery of diclofenac. Saudi Pharm J 2016; 25:688-695. [PMID: 28725140 PMCID: PMC5506666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid availability of the drug at the site of action followed by maintaining its effect for a long period of time is of great clinical importance. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to prepare and evaluate multi-layered matrix tablets of diclofenac using Eudragit RL/RS blend to achieve both immediate and sustained therapeutic effects. Diclofenac potassium (25 mg) was incorporated in an outer immediate release layer to provide immediate pain relief whereas diclofenac sodium (75 mg) was incorporated in the inner core to provide extended drug release. Wet granulation was employed to prepare the inner core of the tablets that were further layered with an immediate release drug layer in the perforated pan coater. The in-vitro and in-vivo performance of the developed formulation was compared with the marketed products Voltaren® SR 75 mg and Cataflam® 25 mg. The in-vitro drug release of the prepared formulation showed similarity (f2 = 66.19) to the marketed product. The pharmacokinetic study showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) in AUC0-24 and Cmax between the test and reference formulations. The AUC0-24 values were 105.36 ± 83.3 and 92.87 ± 55.53 μg h/ml whereas the Cmax values were 11.25 ± 6.87 and 12.97 ± 8.45 μg/ml, for the test and reference, respectively. The multi-layered tablets were proved to be bioequivalent with the commercially available tablets and were in agreement with the observed in-vitro drug release results. Stable physical characteristics and drug release profiles were observed in both long term and accelerated conditions stability studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab Mostafa Elzayat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Kayyali Research Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, P.O. Box: 2457, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sayed Mohamed Ahmed
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Fars Kaed Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Kayyali Research Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, P.O. Box: 2457, Saudi Arabia.,Supervisor of Kayyali Research Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walid Abdulazim Habib
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Kayyali Research Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, P.O. Box: 2457, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hisham Suliman Abou-Auda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Sakr
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
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Elzayat EM, Abdel-Rahman AA, Ahmed SM, Alanazi FK, Habib WA, Sakr A. Multiple response optimization of processing and formulation parameters of Eudragit RL/RS-based matrix tablets for sustained delivery of diclofenac. Pharm Dev Technol 2016; 22:928-938. [PMID: 27469993 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2016.1212880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Multiple response optimization is an efficient technique to develop sustained release formulation while decreasing the number of experiments based on trial and error approach. OBJECTIVE Diclofenac matrix tablets were optimized to achieve a release profile conforming to USP monograph, matching Voltaren®SR and withstand formulation variables. The percent of drug released at predetermined multiple time points were the response variables in the design. Statistical models were obtained with relative contour diagrams being overlaid to predict process and formulation parameters expected to produce the target release profile. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tablets were prepared by wet granulation using mixture of equivalent quantities of Eudragit RL/RS at overall polymer concentration of 10-30%w/w and compressed at 5-15KN. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Drug release from the optimized formulation E4 (15%w/w, 15KN) was similar to Voltaren, conformed to USP monograph and found to be stable. Substituting lactose with mannitol, reversing the ratio between lactose and microcrystalline cellulose or increasing drug load showed no significant difference in drug release. Using dextromethorphan hydrobromide as a model soluble drug showed burst release due to higher solubility and formation of micro cavities. CONCLUSION A numerical optimization technique was employed to develop a stable consistent promising formulation for sustained delivery of diclofenac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab M Elzayat
- a Kayyali Research Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, Department of Pharmaceutics , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A Abdel-Rahman
- b Department of Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy , Assiut University , Assiut , Egypt
| | - Sayed M Ahmed
- b Department of Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy , Assiut University , Assiut , Egypt
| | - Fars K Alanazi
- a Kayyali Research Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, Department of Pharmaceutics , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Walid A Habib
- a Kayyali Research Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, Department of Pharmaceutics , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Sakr
- c Department of Pharmaceutics , Future University , Cairo , Egypt
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Van Duong T, Van den Mooter G. The role of the carrier in the formulation of pharmaceutical solid dispersions. Part II: amorphous carriers. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 13:1681-1694. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2016.1198769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tu Van Duong
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Guy Van den Mooter
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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18
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Shamsuddin, Fazil M, Ansari SH, Ali J. Development and evaluation of solid dispersion of spironolactone using fusion method. Int J Pharm Investig 2016; 6:63-8. [PMID: 27014621 PMCID: PMC4787064 DOI: 10.4103/2230-973x.176490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Solubility and dissolution of a poor water-soluble drug are the two major barriers for formulation scientists in development of drug delivery. Many of the potent drugs do not show the therapeutic effects due to solubility issues but may show toxicity issues when used in high doses. Solid dispersion (SD) technology is an excellent tool for enhancing the solubility and dissolution and hence related bioavailability. Materials and Methods: SD of spironolactone (SPL) was developed using an inert carrier polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG 4000) by the conventional fusion method and characterized for various characterization parameters. Results: Solubility of pure drug and SD of SPL in water was found to be 23.54 ± 1.75 μg/mL and 61.73 ± 1.26 μg/mL, respectively. The maximum cumulative percentage release from pure drug, SPL marketed product (tablet), physical mixture, and SPL SD at 60 min was 27.25 ± 1.83%, 35.64 ± 3.65%, 47.72 ± 2.45%, and 74.24 ± 3.25%, respectively in 0.1 N HCl. Conclusions: SD of SPL was developed successfully. The solubility of SPL SD was found to be significantly increased (P < 0.05) as compared to SPL active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and physical mixture of PEG 4000 and SPL. The current study indicated that SD of SPL was a better option for enhancing solubility of a poorly soluble therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamsuddin
- Department of Pharmacy, OPJS University, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mohammad Fazil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Javed Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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19
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Amarji B, Garg NK, Singh B, Katare OP. Microemulsions mediated effective delivery of methotrexate hydrogel: more than a tour de force in psoriasis therapeutics. J Drug Target 2015. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2015.1058804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Basant Amarji
- Drug Delivery Research Group, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India and
| | - Neeraj K. Garg
- Drug Delivery Research Group, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India and
| | - Bhupinder Singh
- Drug Delivery Research Group, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India and
- UGC Centre of Excellence in Applications of Nanomaterials, Nanoparticles & Nanocomposites (Biomedical Sciences), Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Om Prakash Katare
- Drug Delivery Research Group, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India and
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20
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Wiranidchapong C, Kieongarm W, Managit C, Phrompittayarat W. Thermal, mechanical and drug release characteristics of an acrylic film using active pharmaceutical ingredient as non-traditional plasticizer. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2015; 42:644-53. [PMID: 26133082 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2015.1062513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate thermal and mechanical properties as well as in vitro drug release of Eudragit® RL (ERL) film using chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM) as either active pharmaceutical ingredient or non-traditional plasticizer. Differential scanning calorimeter was used to measure the glass transition temperature (Tg) of 0-100% w/w CPM in ERL physical mixture. Instron testing machine was used to investigate Young's modulus, tensile stress and tensile strain (%) of ERL film containing 20-60% w/w CPM. Finally, a Franz diffusion cell was used to study drug release from ERL films obtained from four formulations, i.e. CRHP0/0, CRHP0/5, CRHP2/0 and CRHP2/5. The Tg of ERL was decreased when the weight percentage of CPM increased. The reduction of the Tg could be described by Kwei equation, indicating the interaction between CPM and ERL. Modulus and tensile stress decreased whereas tensile strain (%) increased when weight percentage of CPM increased. The change of mechanical properties was associated with the reduction of the Tg when weight percentage of CPM increased. ERL films obtained from four formulations could release the drug in no less than 10 h. Cumulative amount of drug release per unit area of ERL film containing only CPM (CRHP0/0) was lower than those obtained from the formulations containing traditional plasticizer (CRHP0/5), surfactant (CRHP2/0) or both of them (CRHP2/5). The increase of drug release was a result of the increase of drug permeability through ERL film and drug solubility based on traditional plasticizer and surfactant, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Waraporn Kieongarm
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , Srinakharinwirot University , Nakhon-Nayok , Thailand and
| | - Chittima Managit
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , Srinakharinwirot University , Nakhon-Nayok , Thailand and
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21
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Kumar R, Kumar S, Sinha VR. Evaluation and Optimization of Water-in-Oil Microemulsion Using Ternary Phase Diagram and Central Composite Design. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2015.1038351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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22
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Bouchal F, Skiba M, Chaffai N, Hallouard F, Fatmi S, Lahiani-Skiba M. Fast dissolving cyclodextrin complex of piroxicam in solid dispersion part I: influence of β-CD and HPβ-CD on the dissolution rate of piroxicam. Int J Pharm 2014; 478:625-32. [PMID: 25522828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Sublingual drug delivery is an interesting route for drug having significant hepatic first-pass metabolism or requiring rapid pharmacological effect as for patients suffering from swallowing difficulties, nausea or vomiting. Sublingual absorption could however be limited by the kinetic of drug dissolution. This study evaluated influences of cyclodextrins (β-CD or HP-β-CD) and their different inclusion process (spray-drying or freeze-drying) on the drug dissolution kinetic of solid dispersions in poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG, Mw 6000Da) of piroxicam, used as poor hydrosoluble drug model. A secondary objective was to determine influences of drug dispersion process in PEG (evaporation or melting methods) on the drug dissolution kinetic of piroxicam. Piroxicam solid dispersions containing or not cyclodextrins were characterized by different scanning calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravometry analyser (TGA) and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectroscopy. In vitro drug dissolution study of these solid dispersions was then performed. The results demonstrated the high potential and interest of solid dispersions of drug previously included in cyclodextrins for sublingual delivery of hydrophobic drugs. This study also showed the advantages of evaporation method on the melting ones during drug dispersion in PEG. Indeed, drug complexation with cyclodextrins as dispersion by melting prevented the presence in solid dispersions of drug in crystalline form which can represent up to 63%. Moreover, dispersion in PEG by evaporation method gave more porous drug delivery system than with melting methods. This allowed complete (limited at most at 80-90% with melting methods) and quick drug dissolution without rebound effect like with melting ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bouchal
- Galenic Pharmaceutical Laboratory, UFR Medecine and Pharmacy, Rouen University, 22 Bd Gambetta, F-76183 Rouen, France; Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Department of Engineering Processes, Faculty of Technology, Abderrahmane-Mira University, Route de Targua Ouzemmour, DZ-06000 Bejaia, Algeria
| | - M Skiba
- Galenic Pharmaceutical Laboratory, UFR Medecine and Pharmacy, Rouen University, 22 Bd Gambetta, F-76183 Rouen, France.
| | - N Chaffai
- Galenic Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Medecine Faculty, Badji Mokhtar University, DZ-23000 Annaba, Algeria
| | - F Hallouard
- Galenic Pharmaceutical Laboratory, UFR Medecine and Pharmacy, Rouen University, 22 Bd Gambetta, F-76183 Rouen, France
| | - S Fatmi
- Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Department of Engineering Processes, Faculty of Technology, Abderrahmane-Mira University, Route de Targua Ouzemmour, DZ-06000 Bejaia, Algeria
| | - M Lahiani-Skiba
- Galenic Pharmaceutical Laboratory, UFR Medecine and Pharmacy, Rouen University, 22 Bd Gambetta, F-76183 Rouen, France
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23
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Ye Y, Li Y, Fang F. Upconversion nanoparticles conjugated with curcumin as a photosensitizer to inhibit methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in lung under near infrared light. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:5157-65. [PMID: 25395852 PMCID: PMC4226522 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s71365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin has phototoxic effects on bacteria under <450 nm irradiation, but it is unstable in vivo and cannot exert effects on deep tissues. Near infrared light (NIR) is harmless to the body and has stronger penetration than visible light. In order to improve the effects of curcumin, upconversion nanoparticles conjugated with curcumin (UCNPs-curcumin) are designed to upconvert NIR to the excitation wavelength of curcumin. UCNPs-curcumin were synthesized using polyethyleneimine to combine curcumin and UCNPs, based on typical composition of lanthanide nitrates Re(NO)3 (Y:Yb:Er=78%:20%:2%) linked by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid in sodium fluoride (NaF) matrix, to upconvert NIR to 432 nm light. The product was characterized by size distribution, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. Growth inhibition of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was not only measured in vitro but also investigated on MRSA-induced pneumonia in mice. The results showed that curcumin was covered by UCNPs to form stable nanoparticles whose average size was 179.5 nm and zeta potential was −33.7 mV in normal saline. The UCNPs-curcumin produced singlet oxygen, which reaches a stable level after 30 minutes of irradiation, and took effect on MRSA through bacterial cytoplasm leakage. They alleviated MRSA-induced pneumonia and reduced bacterial counts in lungs with 980 nm irradiation (0.5 W/cm2) on chests of mice. It is confirmed that the UCNPs-curcumin in lungs are activated under NIR irradiation and strengthen their antibacterial effects on MRSA. This research provides a new type of NIR photosensitizer, which plays an important role in phototoxic effects of curcumin in deep tissues under NIR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Fang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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24
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Ye Y, Xing H, Li Y. Nanoencapsulation of the sasanquasaponin from Camellia oleifera, its photo responsiveness and neuroprotective effects. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:4475-84. [PMID: 25278752 PMCID: PMC4178501 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s64313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Sasanquasaponin, a bioactive compound isolated from seeds of Camellia oleifera, shows central effects in our previous research. In order to investigate its neuroprotective effects, a new kind of nanocapsule with photo responsiveness was designed to deliver sasanquasaponin into the brain and adjusted by red light. The nanocapsule was prepared using sasanquasaponin emulsified with soybean lecithin and cholesterol solution. The natural phaeophorbide from silkworm excrement as a photosensitizer was added in the lipid phase to make the nanocapsules photo responsive. The physicochemical properties of encapsulation efficiency, size distribution, morphology and stability were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography, particle size analyzer, transmission electron microscope, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry. Photo responsiveness was determined by the sasanquasaponin release in pH 7.5 phosphate buffer under the laser at 670 nm. The neuroprotective effects were evaluated by the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), decrease of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β in the brain, and amelioration of kainic acid-induced behavioral disorder in mice. The nanocapsules had higher encapsulation efficiency and stability when the phaeophorbide content was 2% of lecithin weight. The average size was 172.2 nm, distributed in the range of 142-220 nm. The phaeophorbide was scattered sufficiently in the outer lecithin layer of the nanocapsules and increased the drug release after irradiation. TH expression in brain tissues and locomotive activities in mice were reduced by kainic acid, but could be improved by the sasanquasaponin nanocapsules after tail vein injection with 15 minutes of irradiation at the nasal cavity. The sasanquasaponin took effect through inflammatory alleviation in central tissues. The sasanquasaponin nanocapsules with phaeophorbide have photo responsiveness and neuroprotective effects under the irradiation of red light. This preparation presents a new approach to brain neuroprotection, and has potential for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiting Xing
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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25
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Yang L, Choi SK, Shin HJ, Han HK. 3-aminopropyl functionalized magnesium phyllosilicate as an organoclay based drug carrier for improving the bioavailability of flurbiprofen. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:4147-55. [PMID: 24204143 PMCID: PMC3817028 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s51756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop an oral delivery system using clay-based organic–inorganic hybrid materials to improve the bioavailability of the drug, flurbiprofen, which is poorly soluble in water. 3-aminopropyl functionalized magnesium phyllosilicate (AMP clay) was synthesized by a one-pot direct sol-gel method, and then flurbiprofen (FB) was incorporated into AMP clay (FB-AMP) at different drug/clay ratios. The structural characteristics of AMP and FB-AMP formulation were confirmed by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Among tested formulations, FB-AMP(3), dramatically increased the dissolution of FB and achieved rapid and complete drug release within 2 hours. More than 60% of FB was released from FB-AMP(3) after 30 minutes; the drug was completely dissolved in the water within 2 hours. Under the acidic condition (pH 1.2), FB-AMP(3) also increased the dissolution of FB by up to 47.1% within 1 hour, which was three-fold higher than that of untreated FB. Furthermore, following an oral administration of FB-AMP(3) to Sprague-Dawley rats, the peak plasma concentration and area under the plasma concentration-time curve of FB increased two-fold, and the time to reach the peak plasma concentration was shortened compared with that in the untreated FB. This result suggests that the oral drug delivery system using clay-based organic–inorganic hybrid material might be useful to improve the bioavailability of FB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Siksa-dong, Ilsan-Donggu, Goyang, Gyunggi-do, Korea
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26
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Hussien R, Rihn BH, Eidi H, Ronzani C, Joubert O, Ferrari L, Vazquez O, Kaufer D, Brooks GA. Unique growth pattern of human mammary epithelial cells induced by polymeric nanoparticles. Physiol Rep 2013; 1:e00027. [PMID: 24303146 PMCID: PMC3831889 DOI: 10.1002/phy2.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their unique properties, engineered nanoparticles (NPs) have found broad use in industry, technology, and medicine, including as a vehicle for drug delivery. However, the understanding of NPs' interaction with different types of mammalian cells lags significantly behind their increasing adoption in drug delivery. In this study, we show unique responses of human epithelial breast cells when exposed to polymeric Eudragit® RS NPs (ENPs) for 1-3 days. Cells displayed dose-dependent increases in metabolic activity and growth, but lower proliferation rates, than control cells, as evidenced in tetrazolium salt (WST-1) and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) assays, respectively. Those effects did not affect cell death or mitochondrial fragmentation. We attribute the increase in metabolic activity and growth of cells culture with ENPs to three factors: (1) high affinity of proteins present in the serum for ENPs, (2) adhesion of ENPs to cells, and (3) activation of proliferation and growth pathways. The proteins and genes responsible for stimulating cell adhesion and growth were identified by mass spectrometry and Microarray analyses. We demonstrate a novel property of ENPs, which act to increase cell metabolic activity and growth and organize epithelial cells in the epithelium as determined by Microarray analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajaa Hussien
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, California, 94720-3140
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27
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Kumar L, Verma S, Bhardwaj A, Vaidya S, Vaidya B. Eradication of superficial fungal infections by conventional and novel approaches: a comprehensive review. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 42:32-46. [DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2013.769446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Sallam MA, Motawaa AM, Mortada SM. A modern approach for controlled transdermal delivery of diflunisal: optimization and in vivo evaluation. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2012; 39:600-10. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2012.692476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Ahmed Sallam
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Adel Mohamed Motawaa
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Sana Mohamed Mortada
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt
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Abdel-Aziz AAM, Al-Badr AA, Hafez GA. Flurbiprofen. PROFILES OF DRUG SUBSTANCES, EXCIPIENTS, AND RELATED METHODOLOGY 2012; 37:113-81. [PMID: 22469318 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-397220-0.00004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alaa A-M Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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31
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Barzegar-Jalali M, Alaei-Beirami M, Javadzadeh Y, Mohammadi G, Hamidi A, Andalib S, Adibkia K. Comparison of physicochemical characteristics and drug release of diclofenac sodium–eudragit® RS100 nanoparticles and solid dispersions. POWDER TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2011.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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32
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Lopes L, Molina EF, Chiavacci LA, Santilli CV, Briois V, Pulcinelli SH. Drug–matrix interaction of sodium diclofenac incorporated into ureasil–poly(ethylene oxide) hybrid materials. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra01216b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Tannate complexes of antihistaminic drug: Sustained release and taste masking approaches. Int J Pharm 2012; 422:91-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2011] [Revised: 09/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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34
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Larsen J, Melander C. Study of interaction between croscarmellose and escitalopram during sample preparation. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2011; 38:1195-9. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2011.643896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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35
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Changdeo JS, Vinod M, Shankar KB, Rajaram CA. Physicochemical characterization and solubility enhancement studies of allopurinol solid dispersions. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502011000300009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Allopurinol is a commonly used drug in the treatment of chronic gout or hyperuricaemia associated with treatment of diuretic conditions. One of the major problems with the drug is that it is practically insoluble in water, which results in poor bioavailability after oral administration. In the present study, solid dispersions of allopurinol were prepared by solvent evaporation, kneading method, co-precipitation method, co-grinding method and closed melting methods to increase its water solubility. Hydrophilic carriers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol 6000 were used in the ratio of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:4 (drug to carrier ratio). The aqueous solubility of allopurinol was favored by the presence of both polymers. These new formulations were characterized in the liquid state by phase solubility studies and in the solid state by differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, UV and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. Solid state characterizations indicated that allopurinol was present as an amorphous material and entrapped in polymer matrix. In contrast to the very slow dissolution rate of pure allopurinol, the dispersion of the drug in the polymers considerably enhanced the dissolution rate. Solid dispersion prepared with polyvinylpyrrolidone showed highest improvement in wettability and dissolution rate of allopurinol. Mathematical modeling of in vitro dissolution data indicated the best fitting with Korsemeyer-Peppas model and the drug release kinetics primarily as Non-Fickian diffusion. Therefore, the present study showed that polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyethylene glycol 6000 have a significant solubilizing effect on allopurinol.
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El-Hadidy GN, Ibrahim HK, Mohamed MI, El-Milligi MF. Microemulsions as vehicles for topical administration of voriconazole: formulation and in vitro evaluation. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2011; 38:64-72. [PMID: 21696340 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2011.590731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This work was undertaken to investigate microemulsion (ME) as a topical delivery system for the poorly water-soluble voriconazole. Different ME components were selected for the preparation of plain ME systems with suitable rheological properties for topical use. Two permeation enhancers were incorporated, namely sodium deoxycholate or oleic acid. Drug-loaded MEs were evaluated for their physical appearance, pH, rheological properties and in vitro permeation studies using guinea pig skin. MEs based on polyoxyethylene(10)oleyl ether (Brij 97) as the surfactant showed pseudoplastic flow with thixotropic behavior and were loaded with voriconazole. Jojoba oil-based MEs successfully prolonged voriconazole release up to 4 h. No significant changes in physical or rheological properties were recorded on storage for 12 months at ambient conditions. The presence of permeation enhancers favored transdermal rather than dermal delivery. Sodium deoxycholate was more effective than oleic acid for enhancing the voriconazole permeation. Voriconazole-loaded MEs, with and without enhancers, showed significantly better antifungal activity against Candida albicans than voriconazole supersaturated solution. In conclusion, the studied ME formulae could be promising vehicles for topical delivery of voriconazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gladious Naguib El-Hadidy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th of October City, Egypt
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Boghra RJ, Kothawade PC, Belgamwar VS, Nerkar PP, Tekade AR, Surana SJ. Solubility, Dissolution Rate and Bioavailability Enhancement of Irbesartan by Solid Dispersion Technique. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2011; 59:438-41. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.59.438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rikisha Jaysukhbhai Boghra
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Quality Assurance, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
| | | | - Veena Shailendra Belgamwar
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Quality Assurance, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
| | - Pankaj Padmakar Nerkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Quality Assurance, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
| | - Avinash Ramrao Tekade
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Quality Assurance, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
| | - Sanjay Javerilal Surana
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Quality Assurance, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
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38
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Tiwari R, Srivastava B, Tiwari G, Rai A. Extended release promethazine HCl using acrylic polymers by freeze-drying and spray-drying techniques: formulation considerations. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2009. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502009000400029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated a novel extended release system of promethazine hydrochloride (PHC) with acrylic polymers Eudragit RL100 and Eudragit S100 in different weight ratios (1:1 and 1: 5), and in combination (0.5+1.5), using freeze-drying and spray-drying techniques. Solid dispersions were characterized by Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD), Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as solubility and in vitro dissolution studies in 0.1 N HCl (pH 1.2), double-distilled water and phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). Adsorption tests from drug solution to solid polymers were also performed. A selected solid dispersion system was developed into capsule dosage form and evaluated for in vitro dissolution studies. The progressive disappearance of drug peaks in thermotropic profiles of spray-dried dispersions were related to increasing amount of polymers, while SEM studies suggested homogenous dispersion of drug in polymer. Eudragit RL100 had a greater adsorptive capacity than Eudragit S100, and thus its combination in (0.5+1.5) for S100 and RL 100 exhibited a higher dissolution rate with 97.14% drug release for twelve hours. Among different formulations, capsules prepared by combination of acrylic polymers using spray-drying (1:0.5 + 1.5) displayed extended release of drug for twelve hours with 96.87% release followed by zero order kinetics (r²= 0.9986).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Awanik Rai
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, India
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Hamza YES, Aburahma MH. Design and in vitro evaluation of novel sustained-release matrix tablets for lornoxicam based on the combination of hydrophilic matrix formers and basic pH-modifiers. Pharm Dev Technol 2009; 15:139-53. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450903059371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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40
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Dobaria NB, Badhan AC, Mashru RC. A novel itraconazole bioadhesive film for vaginal delivery: design, optimization, and physicodynamic characterization. AAPS PharmSciTech 2009; 10:951-9. [PMID: 19629707 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-009-9288-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2009] [Accepted: 07/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to design and optimize a novel vaginal drug delivery system for more effective treatment against vaginal candidiasis. Itraconazole was formulated in bioadhesive film formulations that could be retained in the vagina for prolonged intervals. The polymeric films were prepared by solvent evaporation and optimized for various physicodynamic and aesthetic properties. In addition, percentage drug retained on vaginal mucosa was evaluated using a simulated dynamic vaginal system as function of time. A polymeric film containing 100 mg itraconazole per unit (2.5 cm x 2.5 cm) have been developed using generally regarded as safe listed excipients. The pH of vaginal film was found to be slightly acidic (4.90 +/- 0.04) in simulated vaginal fluid and alkaline (7.04 +/- 0.07) in water. The little moisture content (7.66 +/- 0.51% w/w) was present in the film, which helps them to remain stable and kept them from being completely dry and brittle. The mechanical properties, tensile strength, and percentage elongation at break (9.64 N/mm(2) and 67.56% for ITRF(65)) reveal that the formulations were found to be soft and tough. The films (ITRF(65)) contained solid dispersion of itraconazole (2.5)/hydroxypropyl cellulose (1)/polyethylene glycol 400 (0.5), which was found to be the optimal composition for a novel bioadhesive vaginal formulation, as they showed good peelability, relatively good swelling index, and moderate tensile strength and retained vaginal mucosa up to 8 h. Also, the film did not markedly affect normal vaginal flora (lactobacillus) and was noncytotoxic as indicated by the negligible decrease in cell viability.
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NARAYANA RC, Harish NM, GULZAR A M, PRABHAKARA P, SINGH AK, Subrahmanyam EVS. Formulation and In Vitro Evaluation of In Situ Gels Containing Secnidazole for Vaginitis. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2009; 129:569-74. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.129.569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - N. M. Harish
- Department of Pharmaceutics, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Mohammed GULZAR A
- Department of Pharmaceutics, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Prabhu PRABHAKARA
- Department of Pharmaceutics, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Amit Kumar SINGH
- Department of Pharmaceutics, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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42
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Gohel MC, Nagori SA. Fabrication and design of transdermal fluconazole spray. Pharm Dev Technol 2009; 14:208-15. [DOI: 10.1080/10837450802498936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Wiranidchapong C, Tucker IG, Rades T, Kulvanich P. Miscibility and interactions between 17β-estradiol and Eudragit® RS in solid dispersion. J Pharm Sci 2008; 97:4879-88. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.21366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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44
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Yang W, Wiederhold NP, Williams RO. Drug delivery strategies for improved azole antifungal action. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2008; 5:1199-216. [DOI: 10.1517/17425240802457188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Heinicke G, Schwartz JB. The Influence of Surfactants and Additives on Drug Release from a Cationic Eudragit Coated Multiparticulate Diltiazem Formulation. Pharm Dev Technol 2008; 12:381-9. [PMID: 17763143 DOI: 10.1080/10837450701369170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A cationic polymethacrylate coated multiparticulate diltiazem formulation exhibited sigmoidal drug release. Lag time prior to drug release was influenced by dissolution media, coat thickness, and by the nature of additives included in the formulation. Incorporation of up to 5% w/w sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) in the coating membrane resulted in substantial increases in lag times in acidic and neutral media. The extent of drug release in acid was 100%, whereas in phosphate buffer, the extent of release was dependent on the level of SLS. Substituting SLS for various compounds was used to assess the functionality of the SLS molecule responsible for these behaviors. The ability to ion-pair with the polymer and the presence of a hydrophobic moiety were both important functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant Heinicke
- Formulation Development, Actavis Elizabeth LLC, Elizabeth, NJ, USA
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Lo YK, Chen CJ, Tsai TR, Cham TM. Comparison of the Solubility and Dissolution Rate Between Gliclazide Solid Complex and Its Nanospheres. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008; 33:301-9. [PMID: 17454063 DOI: 10.1080/03639040600920622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The solid complex of gliclazide and beta-cyclodextrin was prepared by neutralization method and the precipitation solvent evaporation method was used to prepare gliclazide nanospheres. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry were used to examine whether gliclazide solid complex and gliclazide nanospheres were successfully formed in this study. The dissolution rate of gliclazide from its nanospheres was faster than its solid complex and pure drug. The morphology of particles for nanospheres showed no crystal character of gliclazide. In summary, the results indicate that nanotechnology provides better effects in solubility and dissolution rate of gliclazide than neutralization method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Kuang Lo
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, San Min District, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, ROC
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Botiz I, Grozev N, Schlaad H, Reiter G. The influence of protic non-solvents present in the environment on structure formation of poly(γ-benzyl-l-glutamate) in organic solvents. SOFT MATTER 2008; 4:993-1002. [PMID: 32907132 DOI: 10.1039/b719946e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present an experimental study of structure formation in a polypeptide hetero-arm star block copolymer solution, obtained by swelling thin films in chloroform solvent vapor to variable poly(γ-benzyl-l-glutamate) (PBLGlu) concentrations (cp). Direct observation by optical microscopy allowed us to follow in real time nucleation and growth of ordered three-dimensional structures of ellipsoidal shape. At low cp, growth stopped when cp decreased below the solubility limit (ccritical) but additional structures were formed when cp was rapidly increased to a higher value. Although water is not a solvent for this polymer, we demonstrate that water, even in trace amounts, is nonetheless considerably affecting solubility and consequently the process of structure formation. We have varied systematically the amount of water present in the environment. ccritical changed from about 0.53 (dry, i.e. desiccated surrounding vapour phase) viaccritical ≈ 0.16-0.25 for 30-50% humidity of the vapour phase to ccritical ≈ 0.03 for a vapour phase at 100% humidity. We attribute this change in solubility to complexation of water molecules with PBLGlu α-helix, which increases the interfacial tension between the polymer and the solvent. We have tested our hypothesis by replacing water with other non-solvents for the polymer. Only protic non-solvents changed the solubility of PBLGlu in chloroform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioan Botiz
- Institut de Chimie des Surfaces et Interfaces CNRS-UHA/UPR 9069 15, rue Jean Starcky, BP 2488 F-68057, Mulhouse, France.
| | - Nikolay Grozev
- Institut de Chimie des Surfaces et Interfaces CNRS-UHA/UPR 9069 15, rue Jean Starcky, BP 2488 F-68057, Mulhouse, France.
| | - Helmut Schlaad
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Colloid Chemistry, Research Campus Golm, Potsdam, 14424, Germany
| | - Günter Reiter
- Institut de Chimie des Surfaces et Interfaces CNRS-UHA/UPR 9069 15, rue Jean Starcky, BP 2488 F-68057, Mulhouse, France.
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Karppi J, Åkerman S, Åkerman K, Sundell A, Nyyssönen K, Penttilä I. Erratum to “Isolation of drugs from biological fluids by using pH sensitive poly(acrylic acid) grafted poly(vinylidene fluoride) polymer membrane in vitro”. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2007.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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49
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Basu SK, Rajendran A. Studies in the Development of Nateglinide Loaded Calcium Alginate and Chitosan Coated Calcium Alginate Beads. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2008; 56:1077-84. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.56.1077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanat Kumar Basu
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University
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Shivakumar HN, Desai BG, Deshmukh G. Design and optimization of diclofenac sodium controlled release solid dispersions by response surface methodology. Indian J Pharm Sci 2008; 70:22-30. [PMID: 20390076 PMCID: PMC2852056 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.40327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2007] [Revised: 10/25/2007] [Accepted: 01/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A 3(2) factorial design was employed to produce controlled release solid dispersions of diclofenac sodium in Eudragit RS and RL by coevaporation of their ethanol solution in a flash evaporator. The effect of critical formulation variables namely total polymer pay loads and levels of Eudragit RL on percent drug incorporation (% DI), drug release at the end of 12 hours (Rel(12)) and drug release at the end of 3 hours (Rel(3)) were analyzed using response surface methodology. The parameters were evaluated using the F test and mathematical models containing only the significant terms were generated for each parameter using multiple linear regression analysis and analysis of variance. Both the formulation variables studied exerted a significant influence (p < 0.05) on the drug release whereas the total polymer levels emerged as a lone factor significantly influencing the percent drug incorporation. Numerical optimization technique employing desirability approach was used to develop a new formulation by setting constraints on the dependent and independent variables. The experimental values of % DI, Rel(12) and Rel(3) for the optimized batch were found to be 95.22 +/- 1.13%, 74.52 +/- 3.16% and 29.37 +/- 1.26% respectively which were in close agreement with those predicted by the mathematical models. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Differential scanning calorimetry and Powder x-ray diffractometry confirmed that the drug was reduced to molecular or microcrystalline form in the hydrophobic polymeric matrices, which could be responsible for the controlled drug release from the solid dispersions. The drug release from the solid dispersions followed first order rate kinetics and was characterized by Higuchian diffusion model.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. N. Shivakumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, K. L. E. S's College of Pharmacy, Rajajinagar 2 Block, Bangalore - 560 010, India
| | - B. G. Desai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, K. L. E. S's College of Pharmacy, Rajajinagar 2 Block, Bangalore - 560 010, India
| | - G. Deshmukh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, K. L. E. S's College of Pharmacy, Rajajinagar 2 Block, Bangalore - 560 010, India
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