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Bhuyan MM, Islam M, Jeong JH. The Preparation and Characterization of N, N-Dimethyl Acrylamide-Diallyl Maleate Gel/Hydrogel in a Non-Aqueous Solution. Gels 2023; 9:598. [PMID: 37623053 PMCID: PMC10453531 DOI: 10.3390/gels9080598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A few drugs need non-aqueous gels for release in the specific region of the intestine. The present work focuses on preparing N,N-Dimethyl acrylamide-Diallyl Maleate (DMAA-DAM) gel in Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent by applying different doses of gamma radiation and then characterization. The blend solution of 10%: 10%-DMAA: DAM was prepared in DMSO and irradiated at 2, 5, 10, 20, and 30 kGy doses from the Co-60 gamma source. After extraction, it was observed that all of the radiation doses yielded more than 95% gel content. The best gel content was found for 10 kGy dose, which was 97%. The equilibrium swelling was optimized 1800% of the dried gel for 5 kGy dose. Gel formation was confirmed by analyzing characteristic functional groups and the environment of protons in the gel structure by using FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. The thermal stability was tested using DSC and TGA which showed the glass transition temperature at 86.55 °C and the degradation started at 320 °C. The XRD pattern analysis revealed the semi-crystalline nature of the gel. Therefore, DMAA-DAM gels can be a good candidate for use in different fields of study, especially in drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Murshed Bhuyan
- Thermal-Fluid Energy Machine Lab., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gachon University, 1342, Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Mobinul Islam
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jae-Ho Jeong
- Thermal-Fluid Energy Machine Lab., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gachon University, 1342, Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
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2
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de Souza A, Yukuyama MN, Barbosa EJ, Monteiro LM, Faloppa ACB, Calixto LA, de Barros Araújo GL, Fotaki N, Löbenberg R, Bou-Chacra NA. A new medium-throughput screening design approach for the development of hydroxymethylnitrofurazone (NFOH) nanostructured lipid carrier for treating leishmaniasis. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 193:111097. [PMID: 32417467 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxymethilnitrofurazone (NFOH) is a nitrofurazone derivative and has potential use in treating leishmaniasis. However, due to low water solubility and bioavailability, NFOH has failed in in vivo tests. Nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) is an alternative to overcome these limitations by improving pharmacokinetics and modifying drug delivery. This work is focused on developing a novel NFOH-loaded NLC (NLC-NFOH) using a D-optimal mixture statistical design and high-pressure homogenization, for oral administration to treat leishmaniasis. The optimized NLC-NFOH consisted of Mygliol® 840, Gelucire® 50/13, and Precirol® ATO 5 as lipids. These lipids were selected using a rapid methodology Technobis Crystal 16 T M, microscopy, and DSC. Different tools for selecting lipids provided relevant scientific knowledge for the development of the NLC. NLC-NFOH presented a z-average of 198.6 ± 5.4 nm, PDI of 0.11 ± 0.01, and zeta potential of -13.7 ± 0.7 mV. A preliminary in vivo assay was performed by oral administration of NLC-NFOH (2.8 mg/kg) in one healthy male Wistar rat (341 g) by gavage. Blood from the carotid vein was collected, and the sample was analyzed by HPLC. The plasma concentration of NFOH after 5 h of oral administration was 0.22 μg/mL. This same concentration was previously found using free NFOH in the DMSO solution (200 mg/kg), which is an almost 100-fold higher dose. This study allowed a design space development approach of the first NLC-NFOH with the potential to treat leishmaniasis orally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline de Souza
- University of São Paulo, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Eduardo José Barbosa
- University of São Paulo, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Lis Marie Monteiro
- University of São Paulo, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Leandro Augusto Calixto
- Federal University of São Paulo, Department of Exact and Earth Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Diadema, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Nikoletta Fotaki
- University of Bath, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Bath, UK.
| | - Raimar Löbenberg
- University of Alberta, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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3
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Xiao S, Yan Y, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Feng N. Increased microneedle-mediated transdermal delivery of tetramethylpyrazine to the brain, combined with borneol and iontophoresis, for MCAO prevention. Int J Pharm 2019; 575:118962. [PMID: 31857187 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to improve transdermal delivery and distribution of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) in the brain, by adding borneol (BN) and iontophoresis (ITP), and using microneedles (MN), to prevent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). BN was encapsulated into sulfobutylated-β-cyclodextrin (BN-SBE-β-CD), and then dispersed together with TMP. Four delivery groups were tested: passive (with no ITP and MN), ITP, MN, and MN combined with ITP (MN-ITP). In vitro transdermal fluxes of the drugs in those groups and in that corresponding order were 79.12 ± 14.5, 395.43 ± 12.37, 319.16 ± 29.99, and 1018.07 ± 108.92 μg/cm2 (for TMP), and 39.34 ± 1.31, 202.81 ± 53.56, 715.47 ± 75.52, and 1088.60 ± 53.90 μg/cm2 (for BN), respectively, which indicated that the use of MN-ITP greatly enhanced transdermal TMP and BN delivery compared to the other groups. The AUC0-t for the combined use of TMP and BN drugs was measured using two in vivo studies, cutaneous microdialysis and pharmacodynamic, yielding increased folds of 3.69 and 1.98 in ITP, 6.05 and 2.73 in MN, and 12.43 and 7.47 in MN-ITP groups, respectively, as compared to those in the passive group. In addition, the combined use of TMP and BN increased TMP distribution in the heart and the brain, indicated by TMP Cmax of 1.76- and 1.59-fold higher (p < 0.05), and TMP AUC0-t of 1.50 times and 1.19-fold higher (p < 0.01), than with administration of TMP in absence of BN, respectively. The brain infarction area and IL-β expression in the MCAO rat were significantly decreased in the MN-ITP group, compared with the control group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, combination of MN and ITP resulted in a synergistic enhancement of transdermal delivery and distribution of TMP in the brain, when in combination with BN, thereby significantly decreasing the infarct volumes and improving the neurological scores of MCAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirui Xiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yulu Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jihui Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yongtai Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Nianping Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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4
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Soriano JL, Calpena AC, Souto EB, Clares B. Therapy for prevention and treatment of skin ionizing radiation damage: a review. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:537-553. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1562254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José L. Soriano
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana C. Calpena
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eliana B. Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra, Portugal
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Clares
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), SAS-University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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5
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Tazrart A, Bolzinger MA, Lamart S, Coudert S, Angulo JF, Jandard V, Briançon S, Griffiths NM. Actinide-contaminated Skin: Comparing Decontamination Efficacy of Water, Cleansing Gels, and DTPA Gels. HEALTH PHYSICS 2018; 115:12-20. [PMID: 29787426 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Skin contamination by alpha-emitting actinides is a risk to workers during nuclear fuel production and reactor decommissioning. Also, the list of items for potential use in radiological dispersal devices includes plutonium and americium. The actinide chemical form is important and solvents such as tributyl phosphate, used to extract plutonium, can influence plutonium behavior. This study investigated skin fixation and efficacy of decontamination products for these actinide forms using viable pig skin in the Franz cell diffusion system. Commonly used or recommended decontamination products such as water, cleansing gel, diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid, or octadentate hydroxypyridinone compound 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO), as well as diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid hydrogel formulations, were tested after a 2-h contact time with the contaminant. Analysis of skin samples demonstrated that more plutonium nitrate is bound to skin as compared to plutonium-tributyl phosphate, and fixation of americium to skin was also significant. The data show that for plutonium-tributyl phosphate all the products are effective ranging from 80 to 90% removal of this contaminant. This may be associated with damage to the skin by this complex and suggests a mechanical/wash-out action rather than chelation. For removal of americium and plutonium, both Trait Rouge cleansing gel and diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid are better than water, and diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid hydrogel is better than Osmogel. The different treatments, however, did not significantly affect the activity in deeper skin layers, which suggests a need for further improvement of decontamination procedures. The new diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid hydrogel preparation was effective in removing americium, plutonium, and plutonium-tributyl phosphate from skin; such a formulation offers advantages and thus merits further assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tazrart
- Laboratoire de Radio Toxicologie, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91297 Arpajon, France
- Université de Lyon, F-69008, Lyon, France and Laboratoire de Dermopharmacie et Cosmétologie, Laboratoire d'Automatique et de Génie des Procédés (LAGEP), UMR CNRS 5007, 8, Avenue Rockefeller, 69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - M A Bolzinger
- Université de Lyon, F-69008, Lyon, France and Laboratoire de Dermopharmacie et Cosmétologie, Laboratoire d'Automatique et de Génie des Procédés (LAGEP), UMR CNRS 5007, 8, Avenue Rockefeller, 69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France
- Pharmacie Centrale des Armées, 45404 Fleury les Aubrais Cedex, France
| | - S Lamart
- Laboratoire de Radio Toxicologie, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91297 Arpajon, France
| | - S Coudert
- Laboratoire de Radio Toxicologie, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91297 Arpajon, France
| | - J F Angulo
- Laboratoire de Radio Toxicologie, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91297 Arpajon, France
| | - V Jandard
- Pharmacie Centrale des Armées, 45404 Fleury les Aubrais Cedex, France
| | - S Briançon
- Université de Lyon, F-69008, Lyon, France and Laboratoire de Dermopharmacie et Cosmétologie, Laboratoire d'Automatique et de Génie des Procédés (LAGEP), UMR CNRS 5007, 8, Avenue Rockefeller, 69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - N M Griffiths
- Laboratoire de Radio Toxicologie, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91297 Arpajon, France
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6
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Rump A, Stricklin D, Lamkowski A, Eder S, Abend M, Port M. Reconsidering Current Decorporation Strategies after Incorporation of Radionuclides. HEALTH PHYSICS 2016; 111:204-211. [PMID: 27356066 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In the case of a nuclear accident or a terrorist attack by a "dirty bomb," there is a risk of external and internal contamination with radionuclides in addition to external irradiation. Internal irradiation as a consequence of radionuclide incorporation is associated with a higher risk of stochastic radiation effects (e.g., tumors). Decorporation treatment will enhance the elimination of radionuclides and reduce the committed effective dose as a metric of stochastic health effects. Although treatment efficacy is better when started early, beginning the therapy without knowing the committed effective dose may unnecessarily expose the patient to the side effects of the medication. The question is: Delay the therapy to wait for the results of internal dosimetry or start the therapy promptly on spec? To prove insight into this question, a selective review of the literature was conducted. The importance of the initiation time of treatment in the efficacy of decorporation treatment can be explained with pharmacokinetic laws and first order processes determining the disposition of xenobiotics in the organism. Nevertheless, there is no internationally accepted standard on when to start a decorporation therapy (exception: iodide). The "precautionary approach," emphasizing the importance of the committed effective dose for the indication of treatment, is competing with the "urgent approach" advocating the administration of medication "a priori" within several hours. A review of the literature actually indicates that the most important drugs used for decorporation are well tolerated with few adverse effects. In consideration of the higher efficacy and the low side-effects of a short-term treatment, initiating decorporation therapy as soon as possible after internal contamination, even before the committed effective dose has been assessed, appears to be a reasonable approach. The decision of continuation or discontinuation of the therapy should be taken after internal dosimetry is completed on the basis of the committed effective dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rump
- *Institute of Radiobiology of the Bundeswehr, Munich; †Applied Research Associates Inc., Arlington
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7
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Fu J, Sadgrove M, Marson L, Jay M. Biotransformation Capacity of Carboxylesterase in Skin and Keratinocytes for the Penta-Ethyl Ester Prodrug of DTPA. Drug Metab Dispos 2016; 44:1313-8. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.116.069377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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8
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Fitzsimmons J, Jay M. Preparative-scale separation of ethyl esters of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid by flash chromatography. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3904-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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9
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Huckle JE, Sadgrove MP, Pacyniak E, Leed MGD, Weber WM, Doyle-Eisele M, Guilmette RA, Agha BJ, Susick RL, Mumper RJ, Jay M. Orally administered DTPA di-ethyl ester for decorporation of (241)Am in dogs: Assessment of safety and efficacy in an inhalation-contamination model. Int J Radiat Biol 2015; 91:568-75. [PMID: 25912343 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2015.1043753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Currently two injectable products of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) are U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved for decorporation of (241)Am; however, an oral product is considered more amenable in a mass casualty situation. The di-ethyl ester of DTPA, named C2E2, is being developed as an oral drug for treatment of internal radionuclide contamination. MATERIALS AND METHODS Single-dose decorporation efficacy of C2E2 administered 24-h post contamination was determined in beagle dogs using a (241)Am nitrate inhalation contamination model. Single and multiple dose toxicity studies in beagle dogs were performed as part of an initial safety assessment program. In addition, the genotoxic potential of C2E2 was evaluated by the in vitro bacterial reverse mutation Ames test, mammalian cell chromosome aberration cytogenetic assay and an in vivo micronucleus test. RESULTS Oral administration of C2E2 significantly increased (241)Am elimination over untreated controls and significantly reduced the retention of (241)Am in tissues, especially liver, kidney, lung and bone. Daily dosing of 200 mg/kg/day for 10 days was well tolerated in dogs. C2E2 was found to be neither mutagenic or clastogenic. CONCLUSIONS The di-ethyl ester of DTPA (C2E2) was shown to effectively enhance the elimination of (241)Am after oral administration in a dog inhalation-contamination model and was well tolerated in toxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Huckle
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics , Chapel Hill , NC
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10
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Yang YT, Di Pasqua AJ, Zhang Y, Sueda K, Jay M. Solid dispersions of the penta-ethyl ester prodrug of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA): formulation design and optimization studies. Pharm Dev Technol 2014; 19:806-12. [PMID: 24047113 PMCID: PMC4620067 DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2013.836216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The penta-ethyl ester prodrug of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), which exists as an oily liquid, was incorporated into a solid dispersion for oral administration by the solvent evaporation method using blends of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), Eudragit® RL PO and α-tocopherol. D-optimal mixture design was used to optimize the formulation. Formulations that had a high concentration of both Eudragit® RL PO and α-tocopherol exhibited low water absorption and enhanced stability of the DTPA prodrug. Physicochemical properties of the optimal formulation were evaluated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In vitro release of the prodrug was evaluated using the USP Type II apparatus dissolution method. DSC studies indicated that the matrix had an amorphous structure, while FTIR spectrometry showed that DTPA penta-ethyl ester and excipients did not react with each other during formation of the solid dispersion. Dissolution testing showed that the optimized solid dispersion exhibited a prolonged release profile, which could potentially result in a sustained delivery of DTPA penta-ethyl to enhance bioavailability. In conclusion, DTPA penta-ethyl ester was successfully incorporated into a solid matrix with high drug loading and improved stability compared to prodrug alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tsai Yang
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7362, U.S.A
| | - Anthony J. Di Pasqua
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7362, U.S.A
| | - Yong Zhang
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7362, U.S.A
| | - Katsuhiko Sueda
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7362, U.S.A
| | - Michael Jay
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7362, U.S.A
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11
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Leiterer A, Bardot I, Ménétrier F, Bardot S, Grémy O, Bérard P, Pech A, Favaro P. Medical countermeasures after a radiological event: an update from the CATO project. Int J Radiat Biol 2014; 90:1043-7. [PMID: 24844372 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.922715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE As part of the European project 'CBRN crisis management: Architecture, Technologies and Operational Procedures' (CATO), an open Toolbox is in development that will address the needs of all stakeholders from first responders to decision makers. A database on chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) threats, including information on medical countermeasures, will be integrated in this Toolbox. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS After a radiological accident, review of national and international recommendations for the major countermeasures (stable iodine, Prussian Blue, and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid [DTPA]) showed that discrepancies in treatment protocols and open questions remain: How to proceed in case of repeated release of radioiodines? Which dosage for Prussian Blue? For which radionuclides is DTPA really effective? This paper brings elements to answer these questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Leiterer
- CEA/DSV/Prositon Route du Panorama, Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex , Paris Cedex , France
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12
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Sueda K, Sadgrove MP, Huckle JE, Leed MGD, Weber WM, Doyle-Eisele M, Guilmette RA, Jay M. Orally administered DTPA penta-ethyl ester for the decorporation of inhaled (241)Am. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:1563-71. [PMID: 24619514 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) is an effective decorporation agent to facilitate the elimination of radionuclides from the body, but its permeability-limited oral bioavailability limits its utility in mass-casualty emergencies. To overcome this limitation, a prodrug strategy using the penta-ethyl ester form of DTPA is under investigation. Pharmacokinetic and biodistribution studies were conducted in rats by orally administering [(14) C]DTPA penta-ethyl ester, and this prodrug and its hydrolysis products were analyzed as a single entity. Compared with a previous reporting of intravenously administered DTPA, the oral administration of this prodrug resulted in a sustained plasma concentration profile with higher plasma exposure and lower clearance. An assessment of the urine composition revealed that the bioactivation was extensive but incomplete, with no detectable levels of the penta- or tetra-ester forms. Tissue distribution at 12 h was limited, with approximately 73% of the administered dose being associated with the gastrointestinal tract. In the efficacy study, rats were exposed to aerosols of (241) Am nitrate before receiving a single oral treatment of the prodrug. The urinary excretion of (241) Am was found to be 19% higher than with the control. Consistent with prior reports of DTPA, the prodrug was most effective when the treatment delays were minimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Sueda
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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13
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Zhang Y, Sadgrove MP, Mumper RJ, Jay M. Radionuclide decorporation: matching the biokinetics of actinides by transdermal delivery of pro-chelators. AAPS J 2013; 15:1180-8. [PMID: 23990504 PMCID: PMC3787225 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-013-9527-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The threat of nuclear terrorism by the deliberate detonation of a nuclear weapon or radiological dispersion device ("dirty bomb") has made emergency response planning a priority. The only FDA-approved treatments for contamination with isotopes of the transuranic elements Am, Pu, and Cm are the Ca and Zn salts of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA). These injectable products are not well suited for use in a mass contamination scenario as they require skilled professionals for their administration and are rapidly cleared from the circulation. To overcome the mismatch in the pharmacokinetics of the DTPA and the biokinetics of these transuranic elements, which are slowly released from contamination sites, the penta-ethyl ester of DTPA (C2E5) was prepared and formulated in a nonaqueous gel for transdermal administration. When gels comprised of 40% C2E5, 40-45% Miglyol® 840, and 15-20% ethyl cellulose were spiked with [(14)C]-C2E5 and applied to rat skin; over 60% of the applied dose was absorbed within a 24-h period. Radioactivity was observed in urinary and fecal excretions for over 3 days after removal of the gel. Using an (241)Am wound contamination model, transdermal C2E5 gels were able to enhance total body elimination and reduce the liver and skeletal burden of (241)Am in a dose-dependent manner. The efficacy achieved by a single 1,000 mg/kg dose to contaminated rats was statistically comparable to intravenous Ca-DTPA at 14 mg/kg. The effectiveness of this treatment, favorable sustained release profile of pro-chelators, and ease of administration support its use following radiological emergencies and for its inclusion in the Strategic National Stockpile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 7362, 120 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7362 USA
| | - Matthew P. Sadgrove
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 7362, 120 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7362 USA
| | - Russell J. Mumper
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 7362, 120 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7362 USA
| | - Michael Jay
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 7362, 120 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7362 USA
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14
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Zhang Y, Sadgrove MP, Mumper RJ, Jay M. Transdermal Prodrug Delivery for Radionuclide Decorporation: Nonaqueous Gel Formulation Development and In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment. Drug Dev Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics; UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill; NC; 27599-7362; USA
| | - Matthew P. Sadgrove
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics; UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill; NC; 27599-7362; USA
| | - Russell J. Mumper
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics; UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill; NC; 27599-7362; USA
| | - Michael Jay
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics; UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill; NC; 27599-7362; USA
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