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Shchepinova MM, Richardson R, Houghton JW, Walker AR, Safar MA, Conole D, Hanyaloglu AC, Tate EW. Spatiotemporally resolved GPCR interactome uncovers unique mediators of receptor agonism. Cell Chem Biol 2025; 32:722-735.e7. [PMID: 40378823 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2025.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2025] [Accepted: 04/14/2025] [Indexed: 05/19/2025]
Abstract
Cellular signaling by membrane G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is governed by a complex and diverse array of mechanisms. The dynamics of a GPCR interactome, as it evolves over time and space in response to an agonist, provide a unique perspective on pleiotropic signaling decoding and functional selectivity at the cellular level. In this study, we utilized proximity-based APEX2 proteomics to investigate the interaction network of the luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) on a minute-to-minute timescale. We developed an analytical approach that integrates quantitative multiplexed proteomics with temporal reference profiles, creating a platform to identify the proteomic environment of APEX2-tagged LHR at the nanometer scale. LHR activity is finely regulated spatially, leading to the identification of putative interactors, including the Ras-related GTPase RAP2B, which modulate both receptor signaling and post-endocytic trafficking. This work provides a valuable resource for spatiotemporal nanodomain mapping of LHR interactors across subcellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Shchepinova
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Rachel Richardson
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology (IRDB), Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Jack W Houghton
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Abigail R Walker
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology (IRDB), Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Mohammed A Safar
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology (IRDB), Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Daniel Conole
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Aylin C Hanyaloglu
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology (IRDB), Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Edward W Tate
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK.
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2
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Ali ME, Al-Saeed FA, Ahmed AE, Gao M, Wang W, Lv H, Hua G, Yang L, Abdelrahman M. MicroRNA as Biomarkers for Physiological and Stress Processing in the Livestock. Reprod Domest Anim 2025; 60:e70034. [PMID: 40166888 DOI: 10.1111/rda.70034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2024] [Revised: 12/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2025] [Indexed: 04/02/2025]
Abstract
Several microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified as potential biomarkers widely dispersed in animals since 1993, and they have become a significant molecular biology research area. Because of their ability to activate extracellular molecules, stabilise bodily tissues, control cell-to-cell signals, and be easily extracted, miRNAs are outstandingly nominated as biomarkers. However, there is growing interest in targeting miRNAs to monitor physiological reproductive performance, including reproductive system development, embryo development, fertilisation, endocrinology, and animal welfare in stressful conditions. Moreover, miRNAs play significant roles in gene expression regulation; single miRNAs may have overlapping roles, and on a broader scale, multiple mRNAs govern a single function. Also, miRNAs serve as an intermediary messenger between the environment and reproductive performance, making them a vital component of miRNAs as performance biomarkers under environmental conditions like heat stress. This makes describing a unique miRNA's consequences and functions exceptionally challenging, which may confound many researchers. Also, enhancing our comprehension of miRNAs in response to testicular heat stress could potentially aid in preventing and treating spermatogenesis disorders. Therefore, the present review highlights miRNA's regulatory mechanisms on reproductive performance under heat stress to employ these findings in improving reproduction physiology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montaser Elsayed Ali
- Department of Animal Productions, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Fatimah A Al-Saeed
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Min Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- National Sheep Genetic Evaluation Center, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Henan, China
| | - Haimiao Lv
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Henan, China
| | - Guohua Hua
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Henan, China
| | - Liguo Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Henan, China
| | - Mohamed Abdelrahman
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assuit University, Asyut, Egypt
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3
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Conforti A, Di Girolamo R, Guida M, Alviggi C, Casarini L. Pharmacogenomic of LH and its receptor: are we ready for clinical practice? Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2025; 23:29. [PMID: 40001128 PMCID: PMC11863420 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-025-01359-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Luteinizing hormone (LH) is fundamental to support development and reproduction. It acts through a receptor expressed in the gonads, modulating mitogenic, anti-apoptotic, and steroidogenic signals. LH is also marketed as a drug for controlled ovarian stimulation (COS), where it is administered to women to support the action of follicle-stimulating hormone and can lead to specific responses, depending on the individual genetic background. These concepts underline the relevance of a pharmacogenetic approach to COS, in the attempt to optimize clinical outcomes and avoid adverse events. However, knowledge is currently limited by the paucity of clinical studies. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of LH and its receptor activity, starting from the description of their molecular pathways from in vitro studies. Data on LH action from in vivo studies were described, as well as the impact of LH and LH/choriogonadotropin (hCG) receptor genetic variants on folliculogenesis and its association with infertility or polycystic ovarian syndrome. Finally, evidence from clinical studies evaluating genetic polymorphisms in the context of assisted reproductive technology treatments and its implications for a pharmacogenomic approach were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Conforti
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, Napoli, 80131, Italy.
| | | | - Maurizio Guida
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, Napoli, 80131, Italy
| | - Carlo Alviggi
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Livio Casarini
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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4
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Essam M, ElSayed MAI, Youssef FS, Samir H. Effect of administration of nanoparticles of human chorionic gonadotropin on testicular hemodynamics, testicular volume, testicular echotexture, and circulating testosterone and nitric oxide in pubescent goat bucks under heat stress conditions. Vet Res Commun 2025; 49:78. [PMID: 39812902 PMCID: PMC11735597 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10634-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 12/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2025]
Abstract
The current study investigated the effect of a single administration of human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (hCG) and its nanoparticles (NPs) on testicular hemodynamics using Doppler ultrasonography, testicular volume, testicular echotexture (PIX), and circulating testosterone and nitric oxide (NO) in pubescent goat bucks during summer months. Fifteen Baladi goats were divided into three groups (5 in each) and subjected to a single intramuscular administration of one ml of physiological saline ( control group), one ml containing 500 IU of hCG (hCG group) or one ml containing 125 IU of hCG NPs (hCG NPs group). Testicular hemodynamics assessment was done just before administration (0 h), and at 2, 4, 6, 24, and daily till 7 days after administration. Testicular volume and PIX were measured and analyzed by B-mode ultrasonography and computer analysis software. Testosterone and NO concentrations were measured using commercial kits. Results revealed significant decreases (P ˂0.05) in Doppler indices values (resistance index and pulsatility index) especially at 24 h in the hCG group (0.314 ± 0.01, 0.382 ± 0.01, respectively) compared with the hCG NPs group (0.428 ± 0.01, 0.567 ± 0.02, respectively), and the control group (0.464 ± 0.006, 0.64 ± 0.01, respectively). There were significant increases (P < 0.001) in testicular volume, PIX, testosterone, and NO concentrations in hCG NPs and hCG groups compared to the control group. There were no significant differences between the hCG NPs and hCG groups (P ˃ 0.05) in testicular volume and PIX, while testosterone significantly increased in the hCG group compared to the hCG NPs group and NO was significantly increased in the hCG NPs group compared to the hCG group. In conclusion, a single administration of hCG or its NPs improved testicular vascularization, testicular volume, and circulating testosterone and NO in pubescent goat bucks. So, hCG NPs could be recommended for improving the reproductive performance of goat bucks under heat-stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayada Essam
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A I ElSayed
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Fady Sayed Youssef
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Haney Samir
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
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5
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Toner JP, Pirtea P. Luteinizing hormone's critical role in ovarian stimulation. Fertil Steril 2025; 123:31-40. [PMID: 39522745 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2024.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2024] [Revised: 11/02/2024] [Accepted: 11/04/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
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Bourdon G, Chevaleyre C, Estienne A, Péchoux C, Bourgeais J, Hérault O, Ba M, Ramé C, Dupont J, Ducluzeau PH, Froment P. The hepatokine FGF21 stopped lipogenesis and reduced testosterone production in mLTC-1 Leydig Cell Line. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 594:112350. [PMID: 39233040 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Beyond their link to metabolic issues like type 2 diabetes, factors like lifestyle, environment, and excess weight may also influence fertility. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a liver-derived hormone linked to energy balance, has recently emerged as a potential player in female mammalian reproduction. In male, only two studies have described potential effects of FGF21 on fertility. A recent study has described a negative correlation observed in obese patients presenting a low testosterone level associated with elevated FGF21 plasma levels. To investigate the role of FGF21 in steroidogenesis, we have studied the involvement of FGF21 in lipid and steroid activity by Leydig cells. Leydig cell model expressed all FGF21 receptors and β-Klotho cofactor as determined by RT-qPCR and by western-blot. Cultured mLTC-1 Leydig cell line exposed to increasing FGF21 concentration induced phosphorylation (Ser 473) of Akt and modified the CREB factor activity, suggesting the functionality of the FGF21 pathway. FGF21 consequences on mLTC-1 Leydig cells are inhibition of the lipid synthesis, leading to a reduction in the content of lipid droplets. The drop in lipid synthesis is associated with a reduction in the amount of lipids (mainly PUFA, cholesterol esterified, and triglycerides) as measured by lipidomic approach. The main consequence is to reduce the quantity of cholesterol, the steroid precursor, in mLTC-1 Leydig cells and is associated with a low production in testosterone. The decrease in androgens was also associated with a reduction in the steroid enzyme genes expression, which are under the control of CREB activity, and present a lower activity due to low cAMP intracellular levels. In vivo, steroid production was lowering after FGF21 administration in adult male mice associated to a decrease in progressive motility and velocity of sperm. In addition, these experimental data are reinforced by a data mining analysis focused on "gonad" terms in 1,319,905 article references showing the link already described between FGF21 with the fatty acids pathways, cholesterol storage, and steroid production. In conclusion, we demonstrated that Leydig cells in the testes present a functional FGF21 pathway, which regulates lipid metabolism and steroid function. In mLTC-1 Leydig cells, FGF21 reduced cholesterol, PUFA content, and testosterone production. Finally, this work highlighted that the hepatokine FGF21 could have a negative impact on androgen synthesis and testicular activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Bourdon
- INRAE UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
| | - Claire Chevaleyre
- INRAE UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
| | - Anthony Estienne
- INRAE UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
| | - Christine Péchoux
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jérôme Bourgeais
- INSERM UMR 1069 N2C, Team LNOx, Tours University, 37000, Tours, France
| | - Olivier Hérault
- INSERM UMR 1069 N2C, Team LNOx, Tours University, 37000, Tours, France
| | - Mouhamadou Ba
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MaIAGE, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, BioinfOmics, MIGALE Bioinformatics Facility, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Christelle Ramé
- INRAE UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- INRAE UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
| | - Pierre-Henri Ducluzeau
- INRAE UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France; Internal Medicine Department, Unit of Endocrinology, CHRU Tours, F-37044, Tours, France
| | - Pascal Froment
- INRAE UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France.
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Zhang C, Nie Y, Xu B, Mu C, Tian GG, Li X, Cheng W, Zhang A, Li D, Wu J. Luteinizing Hormone Receptor Mutation (LHR N316S) Causes Abnormal Follicular Development Revealed by Follicle Single-Cell Analysis and CRISPR/Cas9. Interdiscip Sci 2024; 16:976-989. [PMID: 39150470 PMCID: PMC11512921 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-024-00646-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Abnormal interaction between granulosa cells and oocytes causes disordered development of ovarian follicles. However, the interactions between oocytes and cumulus granulosa cells (CGs), oocytes and mural granulosa cells (MGs), and CGs and MGs remain to be fully explored. Using single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq), we determined the transcriptional profiles of oocytes, CGs and MGs in antral follicles. Analysis of scRNA-seq data revealed that CGs may regulate follicular development through the BMP15-KITL-KIT-PI3K-ARF6 pathway with elevated expression of luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR). Because internalization of the LHR is regulated by Arf6, we constructed LHRN316S mice by CRISPR/Cas9 to further explore mechanisms of follicular development and novel treatment strategies for female infertility. Ovaries of LHRN316S mice exhibited reduced numbers of corpora lutea and ovulation. The LHRN316S mice had a reduced rate of oocyte maturation in vitro and decreased serum progesterone levels. Mating LHRN316S female mice with ICR wild type male mice revealed that the infertility rate of LHRN316S mice was 21.4% (3/14). Litter sizes from LHRN316S mice were smaller than those from control wild type female mice. The oocytes from LHRN316S mice had an increased rate of maturation in vitro after progesterone administration in vitro. Furthermore, progesterone treated LHRN316S mice produced offspring numbers per litter equivalent to WT mice. These findings provide key insights into cellular interactions in ovarian follicles and provide important clues for infertility treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Department of Hematology, Tangdu Hospital, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yongqiang Nie
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Bufang Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chunlan Mu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Geng G Tian
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaoyong Li
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Weiwei Cheng
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Aijun Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Dali Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Ji Wu
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
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8
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Mahamid A, Ben-Menahem D. Transgenic Drosophila Expressing Active Human LH Receptor in the Gonads Exhibit a Decreased Fecundity: Towards a Platform to Identify New Orally Active Modulators of Gonadotropin Receptor Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:1267. [PMID: 39458908 PMCID: PMC11510345 DOI: 10.3390/ph17101267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The gonadotropins luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and their receptors are major regulators of reproduction in mammals and are absent in insects. We previously established transgenic Drosophila lines expressing a constitutively active human LH receptor variant (LHRD578Y) and the wild-type receptor (LHRwt; inactive in the absence of an agonist). That study showed that ubiquitously expression of LHRD578Y-but not of LHRwt-resulted in pupal lethality, and targeted expression in midline cells resulted in thorax/bristles defects. To further study the Drosophila model for an in vivo drug screening platform, we investigated here whether expressing LHRD578Y in the fly gonads alters reproduction, as shown in a transgenic mice model. METHODS The receptor was expressed in somatic cells of the gonads using the tissue-specific traffic jam-Gal4 driver. Western blot analysis confirmed receptor expression in the ovaries. RESULTS A fecundity assay indicated that the ectopic expression of LHRD578Y resulted in a decrease in egg laying compared to control flies carrying, but not expressing the transgene (~40% decrease in two independent fly lines, p < 0.001). No significant reduction in the number of laid eggs was seen in flies expressing the LHRWT (<10% decrease compared to non-driven flies, p > 0.05). The decreased egg laying demonstrates a phenotype of the active receptor in the fly gonads, the prime target organs of the gonadotropins in mammals. We suggest that this versatile Drosophila model can be used for the pharmacological search for gonadotropin modulators. CONCLUSIONS This is expected to provide: (a) new mimetic drug candidates (receptor-agonists/signaling-activators) for assisted reproduction treatment, (b) blockers for potential fertility regulation, and (c) leads relevant for the purpose of managing extra gonadotropic reported activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Ben-Menahem
- Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheba 8410501, Israel
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Wu YC, Sung WW. Clomiphene Citrate Treatment as an Alternative Therapeutic Approach for Male Hypogonadism: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:1233. [PMID: 39338395 PMCID: PMC11435126 DOI: 10.3390/ph17091233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2024] [Revised: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Male hypogonadism, which is characterized by low testosterone levels, has a significant impact on male sexual function, overall health, and fertility. Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is the conventional treatment for this condition, but it has potential adverse effects and is not suitable for men seeking to conceive. Testosterone plays an essential role in male sexual function, metabolism, mood, and overall well-being. Clomiphene citrate, a drug originally developed for female infertility, has recently gained attention as an off-label treatment for male hypogonadism. By blocking the negative feedback of estrogen on the hypothalamus and pituitary glands, clomiphene stimulates gonadotropin secretion, leading to increased endogenous testosterone production, which, in turn, improves sperm parameters and fertility and alleviates the symptoms of hypogonadism. Regarding the safety profile of clomiphene compared with TRT, clomiphene appears to confer a lower risk than TRT, which is associated with adverse effects such as polycythemia. Furthermore, combination therapy with clomiphene and anastrozole or human chorionic gonadotropin has been investigated as a potential approach to enhancing the effectiveness of treatments for improving hypogonadism symptoms. In conclusion, clomiphene citrate may offer a promising alternative to TRT for men with hypogonadism, particularly those desiring fertility preservations. However, its long-term efficacy and safety remain inadequately understood. Future research should focus on exploring the benefits of combination therapies and personalized treatment strategies based on individual patient characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Cheng Wu
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
| | - Wen-Wei Sung
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
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10
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Shpakov AO. Hormonal and Allosteric Regulation of the Luteinizing Hormone/Chorionic Gonadotropin Receptor. FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK 2024; 29:313. [PMID: 39344322 DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2909313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (CG), like follicle-stimulating hormone, are the most important regulators of the reproductive system. They exert their effect on the cell through the LH/CG receptor (LHCGR), which belongs to the family of G protein-coupled receptors. Binding to gonadotropin induces the interaction of LHCGR with various types of heterotrimeric G proteins (Gs, Gq/11, Gi) and β-arrestins, which leads to stimulation (Gs) or inhibition (Gi) of cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent cascades, activation of the phospholipase pathway (Gq/11), and also to the formation of signalosomes that mediate the stimulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (β-arrestins). The efficiency and selectivity of activation of intracellular cascades by different gonadotropins varies, which is due to differences in their interaction with the ligand-binding site of LHCGR. Gonadotropin signaling largely depends on the status of N- and O-glycosylation of LH and CG, on the formation of homo- and heterodimeric receptor complexes, on the cell-specific microenvironment of LHCGR and the presence of autoantibodies to it, and allosteric mechanisms are important in the implementation of these influences, which is due to the multiplicity of allosteric sites in different loci of the LHCGR. The development of low-molecular-weight allosteric regulators of LHCGR with different profiles of pharmacological activity, which can be used in medicine for the correction of reproductive disorders and in assisted reproductive technologies, is promising. These and other issues regarding the hormonal and allosteric regulation of LHCGR are summarized and discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander O Shpakov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia
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11
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Gauthier C, Raynaud P, Jean-Alphonse F, Vallet A, Vaugrente O, Jugnarain V, Boulo T, Gauthier C, Reiter E, Bruneau G, Crépieux P. An intracellular VHH targeting the Luteinizing Hormone receptor modulates G protein-dependent signaling and steroidogenesis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 589:112235. [PMID: 38621656 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Luteinizing hormone (LH) is essential for reproduction, controlling ovulation and steroidogenesis. Its receptor (LHR) recruits various transducers leading to the activation of a complex signaling network. We recently identified iPRC1, the first variable fragment from heavy-chain-only antibody (VHH) interacting with intracellular loop 3 (ICL3) of the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR). Because of the high sequence similarity of the human FSHR and LHR (LHCGR), here we examined the ability of the iPRC1 intra-VHH to modulate LHCGR activity. In this study, we demonstrated that iPRC1 binds LHCGR, to a greater extent when the receptor was stimulated by the hormone. In addition, it decreased LH-induced cAMP production, cAMP-responsive element-dependent transcription, progesterone and testosterone production. These impairments are not due to Gs nor β-arrestin recruitment to the LHCGR. Consequently, iPRC1 is the first intra-VHH to bind and modulate LHCGR biological activity, including steroidogenesis. It should help further understand signaling mechanisms elicited at this receptor and their outcomes on reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pauline Raynaud
- INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, PRC, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Frédéric Jean-Alphonse
- INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, PRC, 37380, Nouzilly, France; Inria, Inria Saclay-Ile-de-France, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Amandine Vallet
- INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, PRC, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | | | | | - Thomas Boulo
- INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, PRC, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Eric Reiter
- INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, PRC, 37380, Nouzilly, France; Inria, Inria Saclay-Ile-de-France, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Gilles Bruneau
- INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, PRC, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascale Crépieux
- INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, PRC, 37380, Nouzilly, France; Inria, Inria Saclay-Ile-de-France, 91120, Palaiseau, France.
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12
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Mey M, Bhatta S, Suresh S, Labrador LM, Piontkivska H, Casadesus G. Therapeutic benefits of central LH receptor agonism in the APP/PS1 AD model involve trophic and immune regulation and are reproductive status dependent. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167165. [PMID: 38653355 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The mechanisms that underly reproductive hormone effects on cognition, neuronal plasticity, and AD risk, particularly in relation to gonadotropin LH receptor (LHCGR) signaling, remain poorly understood. To address this gap in knowledge and clarify the impact of circulating steroid hormones on the therapeutic effects of CNS LHCGR activation, we delivered the LHCGR agonist human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) intracerebroventricularly (ICV) and evaluated functional, structural, plasticity-related signaling cascades, Aβ pathology, and transcriptome differences in reproductively intact and ovariectomized (OVX) APP/PS1 AD female mice. Here we demonstrate that CNS hCG delivery restored function to wild-type levels only in OVX APP/PS1 mice. Spine density was increased in all hCG treated groups independently of reproductive status. Notably, increases in BDNF signaling and cognition, were selectively upregulated only in the OVX hCG-treated group. RNA sequencing analyses identified a significant increase in peripheral myeloid and pro-inflammatory genes within the hippocampi of the OVX group that were completely reversed by hCG treatment, identifying a potential mechanism underlying the selective therapeutic effect of LHCGR activation. Interestingly, in intact mice, hCG administration mimicked the effects of gonadectomy. Together, our findings indicate that CNS LHCGR agonism in the post-menopausal context is beneficial through trophic and immune mechanisms. Our findings also underscore the presence of a steroid-LHCGR mechanistic interaction that is unexplored yet potentially meaningful to fully understand "post-menopausal" brain function and CNS hormone treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Mey
- Kent State University, Kent, OH 44240, United States of America
| | - Sabina Bhatta
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States of America
| | - Sneha Suresh
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32606, United States of America
| | | | | | - Gemma Casadesus
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32606, United States of America.
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13
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Duan J, He XH, Li SJ, Xu HE. Cryo-electron microscopy for GPCR research and drug discovery in endocrinology and metabolism. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024; 20:349-365. [PMID: 38424377 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-00957-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of cell surface receptors, with many GPCRs having crucial roles in endocrinology and metabolism. Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has revolutionized the field of structural biology, particularly regarding GPCRs, over the past decade. Since the first pair of GPCR structures resolved by cryo-EM were published in 2017, the number of GPCR structures resolved by cryo-EM has surpassed the number resolved by X-ray crystallography by 30%, reaching >650, and the number has doubled every ~0.63 years for the past 6 years. At this pace, it is predicted that the structure of 90% of all human GPCRs will be completed within the next 5-7 years. This Review highlights the general structural features and principles that guide GPCR ligand recognition, receptor activation, G protein coupling, arrestin recruitment and regulation by GPCR kinases. The Review also highlights the diversity of GPCR allosteric binding sites and how allosteric ligands could dictate biased signalling that is selective for a G protein pathway or an arrestin pathway. Finally, the authors use the examples of glycoprotein hormone receptors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor to illustrate the effect of cryo-EM on understanding GPCR biology in endocrinology and metabolism, as well as on GPCR-related endocrine diseases and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Duan
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xin-Heng He
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - H Eric Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
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14
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Hassan HA, Mazen I, Elaidy A, Kamel AK, Eissa NR, Essawi ML. Expanding the phenotypic spectrum of LHCGR signal peptide insertion variant: novel clinical and allelic findings causing Leydig cell hypoplasia type II. Hormones (Athens) 2024; 23:305-312. [PMID: 38526829 PMCID: PMC11219444 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-024-00546-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Leydig cell hypoplasia (LCH) type II is a rare disease with only a few cases reported. Patients presented with hypospadias, micropenis, undescended testes, or infertility. In this study, we report a new patient with compound heterozygous variants in the LHCGR gene and LCH type II phenotype. METHODS Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed followed by Sanger sequencing to confirm the detected variants in the patient and his parents. RESULTS A novel missense variant (p.Phe444Cys) was identified in a highly conserved site and is verified to be in trans with the signal peptide's 33-bases insertion variant. CONCLUSION Our research provides a more comprehensive clinical and genetic spectrum of Leydig cell hypoplasia type II. It highlighted the importance of WES in the diagnosis of this uncommon genetic disorder as well as the expansion of the genotype of LCH type II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Amin Hassan
- Department of Medical Molecular Genetics, Human Genetics & Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth street, Cairo, 12311, Egypt.
| | - Inas Mazen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Human Genetics & Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aya Elaidy
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Human Genetics & Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alaa K Kamel
- Department of Human Cytogenetics, Human Genetics & Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noura R Eissa
- Department of Medical Molecular Genetics, Human Genetics & Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth street, Cairo, 12311, Egypt
| | - Mona L Essawi
- Department of Medical Molecular Genetics, Human Genetics & Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth street, Cairo, 12311, Egypt
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15
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Lazzaretti C, Roy N, Paradiso E, Capponi C, Ferrari T, Reggianini F, Sperduti S, Perri C, Baschieri L, Mascolo E, Varani M, Canu G, Trenti T, Nicoli A, Morini D, Iannotti F, Villani MT, Vicini E, Simoni M, Casarini L. Benzo[a]pyrene disrupts LH/hCG-dependent mouse Leydig cell steroidogenesis through receptor/Gαs protein targeting. Sci Rep 2024; 14:844. [PMID: 38191651 PMCID: PMC10774265 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51516-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Steroidogenesis of gonadal cells is tightly regulated by gonadotropins. However, certain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, including Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), induce reproductive toxicity. Several existing studies have considered higher than environmentally relevant concentrations of BaP on male and female steroidogenesis following long-term exposure. Also, the impact of short-term exposure to BaP on gonadotropin-stimulated cells is understudied. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of 1 nM and 1 µM BaP on luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin (LH/hCG)-mediated signalling in two steroidogenic cell models, i.e. the mouse tumor Leydig cell line mLTC1, and the human primary granulosa lutein cells (hGLC) post 8- and 24-h exposure. Cell signalling studies were performed by homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) assay, bioluminescence energy transfer (BRET) and Western blotting, while immunostainings and immunoassays were used for intracellular protein expression and steroidogenesis analyses, respectively. BaP decreased cAMP production in gonadotropin-stimulated mLTC1 interfering with Gαs activation. Therefore, decrease in gonadotropin-mediated CREB phosphorylation in mLTC1 treated with 1 μM BaP was observed, while StAR protein levels in gonadotropin-stimulated mLTC1 cells were unaffected by BaP. Further, BaP decreased LH- and hCG-mediated progesterone production in mLTC1. Contrastingly, BaP failed to mediate any change in cAMP, genes and proteins of steroidogenic machinery and steroidogenesis of gonadotropin-treated hGLC. Our results indicate that short-term exposure to BaP significantly impairs steroidogenic signalling in mLTC1 interfering with Gαs. These findings could have a significant impact on our understanding of the mechanism of reproductive toxicity by endocrine disruptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Lazzaretti
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Baggiovara Hospital, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Pietro Giardini 1355, 41126, Modena, Italy.
| | - Neena Roy
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Baggiovara Hospital, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Pietro Giardini 1355, 41126, Modena, Italy
| | - Elia Paradiso
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Baggiovara Hospital, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Pietro Giardini 1355, 41126, Modena, Italy
| | - Chiara Capponi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Tommaso Ferrari
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Baggiovara Hospital, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Pietro Giardini 1355, 41126, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Reggianini
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Baggiovara Hospital, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Pietro Giardini 1355, 41126, Modena, Italy
| | - Samantha Sperduti
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Baggiovara Hospital, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Pietro Giardini 1355, 41126, Modena, Italy
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Carmela Perri
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Baggiovara Hospital, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Pietro Giardini 1355, 41126, Modena, Italy
| | - Lara Baschieri
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Baggiovara Hospital, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Pietro Giardini 1355, 41126, Modena, Italy
- International PhD School in Clinical and Experimental Medicine (CEM), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Elisa Mascolo
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Baggiovara Hospital, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Pietro Giardini 1355, 41126, Modena, Italy
| | - Manuela Varani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Azienda USL/Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, 41126, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Canu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Azienda USL/Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, 41126, Modena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Trenti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Azienda USL/Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, 41126, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessia Nicoli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fertility Center, ASMN, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Daria Morini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fertility Center, ASMN, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Francesca Iannotti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fertility Center, ASMN, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Villani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fertility Center, ASMN, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Elena Vicini
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic, Section of Histology, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Simoni
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Baggiovara Hospital, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Pietro Giardini 1355, 41126, Modena, Italy
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Livio Casarini
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Baggiovara Hospital, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Pietro Giardini 1355, 41126, Modena, Italy
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
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16
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Jardón-Valadez E, Ulloa-Aguirre A. Tracking conformational transitions of the gonadotropin hormone receptors in a bilayer of (SDPC) poly-unsaturated lipids from all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1011415. [PMID: 38206994 PMCID: PMC10807830 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycoprotein hormone receptors [thyrotropin (TSHR), luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin (LHCGR), and follicle stimulating hormone (FSHR) receptors] are rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors display common structural features including a prominent extracellular domain with leucine-rich repeats (LRR) stabilized by β-sheets and a long and flexible loop known as the hinge region (HR), and a transmembrane (TM) domain with seven α-helices interconnected by intra- and extracellular loops. Binding of the ligand to the LRR resembles a hand coupling transversally to the α- and β-subunits of the hormone, with the thumb being the HR. The structure of the FSH-FSHR complex suggests an activation mechanism in which Y335 at the HR binds into a pocket between the α- and β-chains of the hormone, leading to an adjustment of the extracellular loops. In this study, we performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to identify the conformational changes of the FSHR and LHCGR. We set up a FSHR structure as predicted by AlphaFold (AF-P23945); for the LHCGR structure we took the cryo-electron microscopy structure for the active state (PDB:7FII) as initial coordinates. Specifically, the flexibility of the HR domain and the correlated motions of the LRR and TM domain were analyzed. From the conformational changes of the LRR, TM domain, and HR we explored the conformational landscape by means of MD trajectories in all-atom approximation, including a membrane of polyunsaturated phospholipids. The distances and procedures here defined may be useful to propose reaction coordinates to describe diverse processes, such as the active-to-inactive transition, and to identify intermediaries suited for allosteric regulation and biased binding to cellular transducers in a selective activation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Jardón-Valadez
- Departamento de Recursos de la Tierra, Unidad Lerma, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Lerma de Villada, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Ulloa-Aguirre
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubiran”. Mexico City, Mexico
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Mexico City, Mexico
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Cismaru CA, Tomuleasa C, Jurj A, Chira S, Isachekcu E, Cismaru G, Gherman LM, Gulei D, Munteanu R, Berindan Neagoe I. Synergistic Effect of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin and Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor in the Mobilization of HSPCs Improves Overall Survival After PBSCT in a Preclinical Murine Model. Are We Far Enough for Therapy? Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:206-217. [PMID: 37922107 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10648-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Strategies to improve hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) mobilization from the bone marrow can have a pivotal role in addressing iatrogenic bone-marrow insufficiency from chemo(radio)therapy and overcoming peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) limitations such as insufficient mobilization. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) represents the standard mobilization strategy for HSPC and has done so for more than three decades since its FDA approval. Its association with non-G-CSF agents is often employed for difficult HSPC mobilization. However, obtaining a synergistic effect between the two classes is limited by different timing and mechanisms of action. Based on our previous in vitro results, we tested the mobilization potential of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), alone and in combination with G-CSF in vivo in a murine study. Our results show an improved mobilization capability of the combination, which seems to act synergistically in stimulating hematopoiesis. With the current understanding of the dynamics of HSPCs and their origins in more primitive cells related to the germline, new strategies to employ the mobilization of hematopoietic progenitors using chorionic gonadotropins could soon become clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosmin Andrei Cismaru
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu", University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, P.O. 400393, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Ciprian Tomuleasa
- MEDFUTURE - The Research Center for Advanced Medicine "Iuliu Hatieganu", University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ancuta Jurj
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu", University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, P.O. 400393, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sergiu Chira
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu", University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, P.O. 400393, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ekaterina Isachekcu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu", University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, P.O. 400393, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriel Cismaru
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology-Rehabilitation, "Iuliu Hatieganu", University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Luciana Madalina Gherman
- Laboratory Animal Facility - Centre for Experimental Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Gulei
- MEDFUTURE - The Research Center for Advanced Medicine "Iuliu Hatieganu", University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Raluca Munteanu
- MEDFUTURE - The Research Center for Advanced Medicine "Iuliu Hatieganu", University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Berindan Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu", University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, P.O. 400393, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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18
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de Mello F, Alonso DJ, de Faria NPVM, Marques VH, de Oliveira EF, de Mello PH, de Godoy LC, Moreira RG. Alterations in Gene Expression and the Fatty Acid Profile Impact but Do Not Compromise the In Vitro Maturation of Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) Stage III Ovarian Follicles after Cryopreservation. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3563. [PMID: 38003179 PMCID: PMC10668701 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The vitrification of ovarian follicles is a strategic tool that may contribute to advances in aquaculture and the conservation of many important species. Despite the difficulties inherent to the cryopreservation of oocytes, some successful protocols have been developed for different species, but little is known about the capacity of oocytes to develop after thawing. Therefore, the profiles of the reproductive pathway genes and fatty acid membrane composition during the initial stages of development were analyzed in fresh ovarian follicles and follicles after the vitrification process. There were differences in the expression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad axis genes during the follicular development in the control group as well as in the vitrified group. Similarly, alterations in the composition of fatty acids were observed after vitrification. Despite this, many alterations were observed in the vitrified group; more than half of the stage III ovarian follicles were able to grow and mature in vitro. Therefore, the vitrification of ovarian follicles may impact them at molecular and membrane levels, but it does not compromise their capability for in vitro maturation, which indicates that the technique can be a strategic tool for aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda de Mello
- Department of Physiology, Bioscience Institute, University of Sao Paulo (IB/USP), 101 Matão Street, Travessa 14, Butantã District, São Paulo 05508-090, SP, Brazil; (D.J.A.); (N.P.V.M.d.F.); (V.H.M.); (R.G.M.)
| | - Daniel Jaen Alonso
- Department of Physiology, Bioscience Institute, University of Sao Paulo (IB/USP), 101 Matão Street, Travessa 14, Butantã District, São Paulo 05508-090, SP, Brazil; (D.J.A.); (N.P.V.M.d.F.); (V.H.M.); (R.G.M.)
| | - Natália Pires Vieira Morais de Faria
- Department of Physiology, Bioscience Institute, University of Sao Paulo (IB/USP), 101 Matão Street, Travessa 14, Butantã District, São Paulo 05508-090, SP, Brazil; (D.J.A.); (N.P.V.M.d.F.); (V.H.M.); (R.G.M.)
| | - Victor Hugo Marques
- Department of Physiology, Bioscience Institute, University of Sao Paulo (IB/USP), 101 Matão Street, Travessa 14, Butantã District, São Paulo 05508-090, SP, Brazil; (D.J.A.); (N.P.V.M.d.F.); (V.H.M.); (R.G.M.)
| | - Ethiene Fernandes de Oliveira
- Aquaculture Center, São Paulo State University “Julio de Mesquita Filho” (CAUNESP), Access Road Professor Paulo Donato Castellane, Vila Industrial District, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil;
| | - Paulo Henrique de Mello
- Beacon Development, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 2713, Jeddah 23955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Leandro César de Godoy
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 7712 Bento Gonçalves Avenue, Agronomia District, Porto Alegre 91540-000, RS, Brazil;
| | - Renata Guimaraes Moreira
- Department of Physiology, Bioscience Institute, University of Sao Paulo (IB/USP), 101 Matão Street, Travessa 14, Butantã District, São Paulo 05508-090, SP, Brazil; (D.J.A.); (N.P.V.M.d.F.); (V.H.M.); (R.G.M.)
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Paradiso E, Lazzaretti C, Sperduti S, Melli B, Trenti T, Tagliavini S, Roli L, D'Achille F, Beltrán-Frutos E, Simoni M, Casarini L. Protein kinase B (Akt) blockade inhibits LH/hCG-mediated 17,20-lyase, but not 17α-hydroxylase activity of Cyp17a1 in mouse Leydig cell steroidogenesis. Cell Signal 2023; 111:110872. [PMID: 37640196 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Androgens are produced by adrenal and gonadal cells thanks to the action of specific enzymes. We investigated the role of protein kinase B (Akt) in the modulation of Δ4 steroidogenic enzymes' activity, in the mouse Leydig tumor cell line mLTC1. Cells were treated for 0-24 h with the 3 × 50% effective concentration of human luteinizing hormone (LH) and choriogonadotropin (hCG), in the presence and in the absence of the specific Akt inhibitor 3CAI. Cell signaling analysis was performed by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) and Western blotting, while the expression of key target genes was investigated by real-time PCR. The synthesis of progesterone, 17α-hydroxy (OH)-progesterone and testosterone was measured by immunoassay. Control experiments for cell viability and caspase 3 activation were performed as well. We found that both hormones activated cAMP and downstream effectors, such as extracellularly-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2) and cAMP response element-binding protein (Creb), as well as Akt, and the transcription of Stard1, Hsd3b1, Cyp17a1 and Hsd17b3 genes, boosting the Δ4 steroidogenic pathway. Interestingly, Akt blockade decreased selectively Cyp17a1 expression levels, inhibiting its 17,20-lyase, but not the 17-hydroxylase activity. This effect is consistent with lower Cyp17a1 affinity to 17α-OH-progesterone than progesterone. As a result, cell treatment with 3CAI resulted in 17α-OH-progesterone accumulation at 16-24 h and decreased testosterone levels after 24 h. In conclusion, in the mouse Leydig cell line mLTC1, we found substantial Akt dependence of the 17,20-lyase activity and testosterone synthesis. Our results indicate that different intracellular pathways modulate selectively the dual activity of Cyp17a1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Paradiso
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia. Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy.
| | - Clara Lazzaretti
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia. Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Samantha Sperduti
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia. Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy; Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Beatrice Melli
- International PhD School in Clinical and Experimental Medicine (CEM), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Trenti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathological Anatomy, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Modena, Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Simonetta Tagliavini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathological Anatomy, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Modena, Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Laura Roli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathological Anatomy, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Modena, Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Fabio D'Achille
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathological Anatomy, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Modena, Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Ester Beltrán-Frutos
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Medical School, IMIB-Arrixaca, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuela Simoni
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia. Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy; Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy; Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Livio Casarini
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia. Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy; Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
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20
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Xu Y, Wang E, Liu T, Wang S, Wu F, Zhao X, Wang A. Whole exome sequencing identifies a novel homozygous missense mutation of LHCGR gene in primary infertile women with empty follicle syndrome. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2023; 49:2436-2445. [PMID: 37462066 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM The genetic basis of empty follicle syndrome (EFS) is largely unknown, and the aim of this study was to investigate the genetic causes of EFS in primary infertile women. METHODS Four affected women diagnosed with anovulation were recruited, and whole exome sequencing (WES) was requested for the genetic diagnosis of the cases. One hundred healthy controls were verified by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS A novel homozygous variant of the LHCGR gene (NM_000233:c.1847C>A) was revealed in one affected individual by WES. Trios analysis of the mutation revealed an autosomal recessive pattern. This LHCGR variant was absent in 100 healthy controls and predicted to be highly damaging to the function of LHCGR. CONCLUSIONS The novel variant extends the mutational spectrum of the LHCGR gene associated with female sterility, which promotes the prognostic value of testing for LHCGR mutations in infertile women with EFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, China
| | - Enhua Wang
- Teaching and Research Office of Medical Genetics, Shandong Medical College, Linyi, China
| | - Tianfeng Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Surong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Fengxia Wu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhao
- Department of Medical Genetics, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, China
| | - Ancong Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, China
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21
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Plewes MR, Talbott HA, Saviola AJ, Woods NT, Schott MB, Davis JS. Luteal Lipid Droplets: A Novel Platform for Steroid Synthesis. Endocrinology 2023; 164:bqad124. [PMID: 37586092 PMCID: PMC10445418 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Progesterone is an essential steroid hormone that is required to initiate and maintain pregnancy in mammals and serves as a metabolic intermediate in the synthesis of endogenously produced steroids, including sex hormones and corticosteroids. Steroidogenic luteal cells of the corpus luteum have the tremendous capacity to synthesize progesterone. These specialized cells are highly enriched with lipid droplets that store lipid substrate, which can be used for the synthesis of steroids. We recently reported that hormone-stimulated progesterone synthesis by luteal cells requires protein kinase A-dependent mobilization of cholesterol substrate from lipid droplets to mitochondria. We hypothesize that luteal lipid droplets are enriched with steroidogenic enzymes and facilitate the synthesis of steroids in the corpus luteum. In the present study, we analyzed the lipid droplet proteome, conducted the first proteomic analysis of lipid droplets under acute cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-stimulated conditions, and determined how specific lipid droplet proteins affect steroidogenesis. Steroidogenic enzymes, cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily A member 1 and 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD3B), were highly abundant on lipid droplets of the bovine corpus luteum. High-resolution confocal microscopy confirmed the presence of active HSD3B on the surface of luteal lipid droplets. We report that luteal lipid droplets have the capacity to synthesize progesterone from pregnenolone. Lastly, we analyzed the lipid droplet proteome following acute stimulation with cAMP analog, 8-Br-cAMP, and report increased association of HSD3B with luteal lipid droplets following stimulation. These findings provide novel insights into the role of luteal lipid droplets in steroid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele R Plewes
- Olson Center for Women's Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center,Omaha, NE 68198-3255, USA
- Department of Research Services, Veterans Affairs Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center,Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Heather A Talbott
- Olson Center for Women's Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center,Omaha, NE 68198-3255, USA
| | - Anthony J Saviola
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045USA
| | - Nicholas T Woods
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6805, USA
| | - Micah B Schott
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center,Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - John S Davis
- Olson Center for Women's Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center,Omaha, NE 68198-3255, USA
- Department of Research Services, Veterans Affairs Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center,Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
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22
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Lazzaretti C, Simoni M, Casarini L, Paradiso E. Allosteric modulation of gonadotropin receptors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1179079. [PMID: 37305033 PMCID: PMC10248450 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1179079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Gonadotropins regulate reproductive functions by binding to G protein-coupled receptors (FSHR and LHCGR) expressed in the gonads. They activate multiple, cell-specific signalling pathways, consisting of ligand-dependent intracellular events. Signalling cascades may be modulated by synthetic compounds which bind allosteric sites of FSHR and LHCGR or by membrane receptor interactions. Despite the hormone binding to the orthosteric site, allosteric ligands, and receptor heteromerizations may reshape intracellular signalling pattern. These molecules act as positive, negative, or neutral allosteric modulators, as well as non-competitive or inverse agonist ligands, providing a set of new compounds of a different nature and with unique pharmacological characteristics. Gonadotropin receptor allosteric modulation is gathering increasing interest from the scientific community and may be potentially exploited for clinical purposes. This review summarizes the current knowledge on gonadotropin receptor allosteric modulation and their potential, clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Lazzaretti
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Baggiovara Hospital, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Manuela Simoni
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Baggiovara Hospital, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Baggiovara Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Livio Casarini
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Baggiovara Hospital, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Elia Paradiso
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Baggiovara Hospital, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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23
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Khlebus E, Vuttaradhi VK, Welte T, Khurana N, Celestino J, Beird HC, Gumbs C, Little L, Legarreta AF, Fellman BM, Nguyen T, Lawson B, Ferri-Borgogno S, Mok SC, Broaddus RR, Gershenson DM, Futreal PA, Hillman RT. Comparative Tumor Microenvironment Analysis of Primary and Recurrent Ovarian Granulosa Cell Tumors. Mol Cancer Res 2023; 21:483-494. [PMID: 37068116 PMCID: PMC10150241 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-22-0623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Adult-type granulosa cell tumors (aGCT) are rare ovarian sex cord tumors with few effective treatments for recurrent disease. The objective of this study was to characterize the tumor microenvironment (TME) of primary and recurrent aGCTs and to identify correlates of disease recurrence. Total RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed on 24 pathologically confirmed, cryopreserved aGCT samples, including 8 primary and 16 recurrent tumors. After read alignment and quality-control filtering, DESeq2 was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEG) between primary and recurrent tumors. Functional enrichment pathway analysis and gene set enrichment analysis was performed using "clusterProfiler" and "GSVA" R packages. TME composition was investigated through the analysis and integration of multiple published RNA-seq deconvolution algorithms. TME analysis results were externally validated using data from independent previously published RNA-seq datasets. A total of 31 DEGs were identified between primary and recurrent aGCTs. These included genes with known function in hormone signaling such as LHCGR and INSL3 (more abundant in primary tumors) and CYP19A1 (more abundant in recurrent tumors). Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that primarily immune-related and hormone-regulated gene sets expression was increased in recurrent tumors. Integrative TME analysis demonstrated statistically significant depletion of cancer-associated fibroblasts in recurrent tumors. This finding was confirmed in multiple independent datasets. IMPLICATIONS Recurrent aGCTs exhibit alterations in hormone pathway gene expression as well as decreased infiltration of cancer-associated fibroblasts, suggesting dual roles for hormonal signaling and TME remodeling underpinning disease relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Khlebus
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Veena K. Vuttaradhi
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Thomas Welte
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Namrata Khurana
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Joseph Celestino
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hannah C. Beird
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Curtis Gumbs
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Latasha Little
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Alejandra Flores Legarreta
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bryan M. Fellman
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Tri Nguyen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Barrett Lawson
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sammy Ferri-Borgogno
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Samuel C. Mok
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Russell R. Broaddus
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - David M. Gershenson
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - P. Andrew Futreal
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - R. Tyler Hillman
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- CPRIT Scholar in Cancer Research, Houston, Texas
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24
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Fanelli F, Magagnoli M, Mezzullo M, Lispi M, Limoncella S, Tommasini A, Pelusi C, Santi D, Simoni M, Pagotto U, Casarini L. Exploring the human chorionic gonadotropin induced steroid secretion profile of mouse Leydig tumor cell line 1 by a 20 steroid LC-MS/MS panel. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 229:106270. [PMID: 36764496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The canonical androgen synthesis in Leydig cells involves Δ5 and Δ4 steroids. Besides, the backdoor pathway, eompassing 5α and 5α,3α steroids, is gaining interest in fetal and adult pathophysiology. Moreover, the role of androgen epimers and progesterone metabolites is still unknown. We developed a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for measuring 20 steroids and used it to investigate the steroid secretion induced by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in the mouse Leydig tumor cell line 1 (mLTC1). Steroids were extracted from 500 µL supernatants from unstimulated or 100 pM hCG-exposed mLTC1 cells, separated on a Luna C8 100 × 3 mm, 3 µm column, with 100 µM NH4F and methanol as mobile phases, and analyzed by positive electrospray ionization and multiple reaction monitoring. Sensitivity ranged within 0.012-38.0 nmol/L. Intra-assay and inter-assay imprecision were < 9.1% and 10.0%, respectively. Trueness, recovery and matrix factor were within 93.4-122.0, 55.6-104.1 and 76.4-106.3%, respectively. Levels of 16OH-progesterone, 11-deoxycortisol, androstenedione, 11-deoxycorticosterone, testosterone, 17OH-progesterone, androstenedione, epitestosterone, dihydrotestosterone, progesterone, androsterone and 17OH-allopregnanolone were effectively measured. Traces of 17OH-dihydroprogesterone, androstanediol and dihydroprogesterone were found, whereas androstenediol, 17OH-pregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone, pregnenolone and allopregnanolone showed no peak. hCG induced an increase of 80.2-102.5 folds in 16OH-progesterone, androstenedione and testosterone, 16.6 in dihydrotestosterone, 12.2-27.5 in epitestosterone, progesterone and metabolites, 8.1 in 17OH-allopregnanolone and ≤ 3.3 in 5α and 5α,3α steroids. In conclusion, our LC-MS/MS method allows exploring the Leydig steroidogenesis flow according to multiple pathways. Beside the expected stimulation of the canonical pathway, hCG increased progesterone metabolism and, to a low extent, the backdoor route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flaminia Fanelli
- Endocrinology research group, Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Italy.
| | - Matteo Magagnoli
- Endocrinology research group, Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Mezzullo
- Endocrinology research group, Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Lispi
- International Ph.D. School in Clinical and Experimental Medicine (CEM), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Global Medical Affair, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Silvia Limoncella
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia. Ospedale di Baggiovara, Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Alessia Tommasini
- Endocrinology research group, Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Carla Pelusi
- Endocrinology research group, Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Italy; Endocrinology and Prevention and Care of Diabetes Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniele Santi
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia. Ospedale di Baggiovara, Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy; Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena. Ospedale di Baggiovara, Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Manuela Simoni
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia. Ospedale di Baggiovara, Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy; Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena. Ospedale di Baggiovara, Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy; Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Uberto Pagotto
- Endocrinology research group, Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Italy; Endocrinology and Prevention and Care of Diabetes Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Italy
| | - Livio Casarini
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia. Ospedale di Baggiovara, Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy; Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
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25
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Errico A, Vinco S, Ambrosini G, Dalla Pozza E, Marroncelli N, Zampieri N, Dando I. Mitochondrial Dynamics as Potential Modulators of Hormonal Therapy Effectiveness in Males. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:547. [PMID: 37106748 PMCID: PMC10135745 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide the incidence of andrological diseases is rising every year and, together with it, also the interest in them is increasing due to their strict association with disorders of the reproductive system, including impairment of male fertility, alterations of male hormones production, and/or sexual function. Prevention and early diagnosis of andrological dysfunctions have long been neglected, with the consequent increase in the incidence and prevalence of diseases otherwise easy to prevent and treat if diagnosed early. In this review, we report the latest evidence of the effect of andrological alterations on fertility potential in both young and adult patients, with a focus on the link between gonadotropins' mechanism of action and mitochondria. Indeed, mitochondria are highly dynamic cellular organelles that undergo rapid morphological adaptations, conditioning a multitude of aspects, including their size, shape, number, transport, cellular distribution, and, consequently, their function. Since the first step of steroidogenesis takes place in these organelles, we consider that mitochondria dynamics might have a possible role in a plethora of signaling cascades, including testosterone production. In addition, we also hypothesize a central role of mitochondria fission boost on the decreased response to the commonly administrated hormonal therapy used to treat urological disease in pediatric and adolescent patients as well as infertile adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Errico
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (A.E.); (S.V.); (G.A.); (E.D.P.); (N.M.)
| | - Sara Vinco
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (A.E.); (S.V.); (G.A.); (E.D.P.); (N.M.)
| | - Giulia Ambrosini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (A.E.); (S.V.); (G.A.); (E.D.P.); (N.M.)
| | - Elisa Dalla Pozza
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (A.E.); (S.V.); (G.A.); (E.D.P.); (N.M.)
| | - Nunzio Marroncelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (A.E.); (S.V.); (G.A.); (E.D.P.); (N.M.)
| | - Nicola Zampieri
- Department of Engineering and Innovation Medicine, Paediatric Fertility Lab, Woman and Child Hospital, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy;
| | - Ilaria Dando
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (A.E.); (S.V.); (G.A.); (E.D.P.); (N.M.)
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26
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Qin G, Qin Z, Lu C, Ye Z, Elaswad A, Jin Y, Khan MGQ, Su B, Dunham RA. Gene Editing of the Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Gene to Sterilize Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, Using a Modified Transcription Activator-like Effector Nuclease Technology with Electroporation. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12030392. [PMID: 36979084 PMCID: PMC10044888 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone (fsh) plays an important role in sexual maturation in catfish. Knocking out the fsh gene in the fish zygote should suppress the reproduction of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). In this study, transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) plasmids targeting the fsh gene were electroporated into fertilized eggs with the standard double electroporation technique. Targeted fsh cleavage efficiency was 63.2% in P1fsh-knockout catfish. Ten of fifteen (66.7%) control pairs spawned, and their eggs had 32.3–74.3% average hatch rates in 2016 and 2017. Without hormone therapy, the spawning rates of P1 mutants ranged from 33.3 to 40.0%, with an average egg hatching rate of 0.75%. After confirmation of the low fertility of P1 mutants in 2016, human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) hormone therapy improved the spawning rates by 80% for female mutants and 88.9% for male mutants, and the mean hatch rate was 35.0% for F1 embryos, similar to that of the controls (p > 0.05). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) identification showed no potential TALEN plasmid integration into the P1 channel catfish genome. Neither the P1 nor the F1 mutant fish showed any noticeable changes in in body weight, survival rate, and hatching rate when the reproductive gene was knocked out. F1 families had a mean inheritance rate of 50.3%. The results brought us one step closer to allowing implementation of certain genetic techniques to aquaculture and fisheries management, while essentially eliminating the potential environment risk posed by transgenic, hybrid, and exotic fish as well as domestic fish.
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27
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Effect Modification of LHCGR Gene Variant (rs2293275) on Clinico-Biochemical Profile, and Levels of Luteinizing Hormone in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients. Biochem Genet 2023:10.1007/s10528-022-10327-z. [PMID: 36633772 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-022-10327-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common multifaceted endocrine disorder among reproductive-aged women. Deranged luteinizing hormone levels and associated downstream signaling cascade mediated by its receptor luteinizing hormone chorionic gonadotropin receptor (LHCGR) are pivotal in the etiopathogenesis of PCOS. Genetic variations in the LHCGR have been associated with PCOS risk. However, the results are mixed and inconclusive. We evaluated the association of the LHCGR rs2293275 polymorphic variant with PCOS risk and its association with clinico-biochemical features of PCOS. 120 confirmed PCOS cases and an equal number of age-matched controls were subjected to clinical, biochemical, and hormonal investigations. Genotyping for rs2293275 was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) at 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). In the current study, PCOS cases reported a lower number of menstrual cycles per year than respective controls. A significantly higher BMI, Ferriman Galway score, levels of serum testosterone, insulin, TSH, FSH, and fasting glucose were observed in cases than in controls (p < 0.01). Compared to GG carriers, we observed a higher risk of developing PCOS in the subjects who harbored GA (OR 10.4, p < 0.0001) or AA (OR 7.73, p = 0.02) genotype. The risk persisted in the dominant model (GA + AA) as well (OR 10.29, p = 0.01). On stratification, a higher risk of developing PCOS was observed in variant genotype carriers who had a family history of either type two diabetes mellitus (OR 117; p < 0.0001) or hirsutism (OR 79; p < 0.0001). We also found significantly elevated levels of serum LH levels in the subject harboring GA and AA genotypes when compared to GG carriers. In the present study, we report a significant association of the LHCGR rs2293275 variant with the PCOS risk.
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28
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Zhou XY, Ma JN, Shen YY, Xie XR, Ren W. Effects of Growth Hormone on Adult Human Gonads: Action on Reproduction and Sexual Function. Int J Endocrinol 2023; 2023:7492696. [PMID: 37064267 PMCID: PMC10104746 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7492696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH), which is commonly considered to be a promoter of growth and development, has direct and indirect effects on adult gonads that influence reproduction and sexual function of humans and nonhumans. GH receptors are expressed in adult gonads in some species including humans. For males, GH can improve the sensitivity of gonadotropins, contribute to testicular steroidogenesis, influence spermatogenesis possibly, and regulate erectile function. For females, GH can modulate ovarian steroidogenesis and ovarian angiogenesis, promote the development of ovarian cells, enhance the metabolism and proliferation of endometrial cells, and ameliorate female sexual function. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is the main mediator of GH. In vivo, a number of the physiological effects of GH are mediated by GH-induced hepatic IGF-1 and local IGF-1. In this review, we highlight the roles of GH and IGF-1 in adult human gonads, clarify potential mechanisms, and explore the efficacy and the risk of GH supplementation in associated deficiency and assisted reproductive technologies. Besides, the effects of excess GH on adult human gonads are discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yi Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jia-Ni Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ya-Yin Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xue-Rui Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wei Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Suzuki E, Miyado M, Kuroki Y, Fukami M. Genetic variants of G-protein coupled receptors associated with pubertal disorders. Reprod Med Biol 2023; 22:e12515. [PMID: 37122876 PMCID: PMC10134480 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The human hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is the regulatory center for pubertal development. This axis involves six G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) encoded by KISS1R, TACR3, PROKR2, GNRHR, LHCGR, and FSHR. Methods Previous studies have identified several rare variants of the six GPCR genes in patients with pubertal disorders. In vitro assays and animal studies have provided information on the function of wild-type and variant GPCRs. Main Findings Of the six GPCRs, those encoded by KISS1R and TACR3 are likely to reside at the top of the HPG axis. Several loss-of-function variants in the six genes were shown to cause late/absent puberty. In particular, variants in KISS1R, TACR3, PROKR2, and GNRHR lead to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in autosomal dominant, recessive, and oligogenic manners. Furthermore, a few gain-of-function variants of KISS1R, PROKR2, and LHCGR have been implicated in precocious puberty. The human HPG axis may contain additional GPCRs. Conclusion The six GPCRs in the HPG axis govern pubertal development through fine-tuning of hormone secretion. Rare sequence variants in these genes jointly account for a certain percentage of genetic causes of pubertal disorders. Still, much remains to be clarified about the molecular network involving the six GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erina Suzuki
- Department of Molecular EndocrinologyNational Research Institute for Child Health and DevelopmentTokyoJapan
| | - Mami Miyado
- Department of Molecular EndocrinologyNational Research Institute for Child Health and DevelopmentTokyoJapan
- Department of Food and NutritionBeppu UniversityOitaJapan
| | - Yoko Kuroki
- Department of Genome Medicine, National Center for Child Health and DevelopmentTokyoJapan
- Division of Collaborative Research, National Center for Child Health and DevelopmentTokyoJapan
- Division of Diversity ResearchNational Research Institute for Child Health and DevelopmentTokyoJapan
| | - Maki Fukami
- Department of Molecular EndocrinologyNational Research Institute for Child Health and DevelopmentTokyoJapan
- Division of Diversity ResearchNational Research Institute for Child Health and DevelopmentTokyoJapan
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Singh S, Kaur M, Kaur R, Beri A, Kaur A. Association analysis of LHCGR variants and polycystic ovary syndrome in Punjab: a case-control approach. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:335. [PMID: 36585675 PMCID: PMC9805054 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01251-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine-metabolic disorder that affects women at their child bearing age. The exact etiology is uncertain, however the involvement of multiple genes and environmental interactions has been proposed for the advancement of PCOS. The aim of present study was to evaluate the association of LHCGR variants (rs2293275 and rs12470652) with PCOS in Punjab. METHODS The present case-control study comprised a total of 743 women (421 PCOS cases and 322 healthy controls). Genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique (PCR-RFLP). Biochemical analysis was carried out to measure the levels of cholesterol, High-density lipoprotein (HDL), Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), triglycerides, testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). All the statistical analysis was done using SPSS (version21, IBM SPSS, NY, USA). RESULTS The mutant genotype (AA) and mutant allele (A) of rs2293275 conferred 1.7 and 1.3 fold risk, respectively and mutant allele (C) of rs12470652 conferred 2.3 fold risks towards PCOS progression. Levels of cholesterol and triglycerides were elevated and HDL levels were lower in PCOS cases as compared to controls. Total testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels were also found to be higher in PCOS cases. CONCLUSION Our study postulated that LHCGR variants are playing a cardinal role in the progression of PCOS and can be used to assess the risk of PCOS in women of reproductive age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhjashanpreet Singh
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India, 143005
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India, 143005
| | - Ratneev Kaur
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India, 143005
| | - Archana Beri
- Beri Maternity Hospital, Southend Beri Fertility and IVF, Amritsar, Punjab, 143001, India
| | - Anupam Kaur
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India, 143005.
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Preventing Growth Stagnation and Premature LH Surge Are the Keys to Obtaining a Viable Embryo in Monofollicular IVF Cycles: A Retrospective Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11237140. [PMID: 36498713 PMCID: PMC9737977 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11237140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
How LH levels influenced the outcomes of monofollicular IVF cycles using different stimulation protocols was controversial. In this single-center, retrospective study, we analyzed 815 monofollicular IVF cycles between 2016−2022 using natural cycle (NC), medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) or clomiphene citrate (CC) in addition to human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG), with or without GnRH antagonist. A viable embryo was obtained in 35.7% of all cycles. Growth stagnation and premature LH surge are two markedly negative factors for obtaining viable embryos (odds ratios of 0.12 [0.08−0.65], p < 0.0001 and 0.33 [0.26,0.42], p < 0.0001, respectively). NC/hMG cycles are prone to premature LH surge (40.4%), yielding a significantly lower opportunity of obtaining embryos (24.7%, p = 0.029). The administration of GnRH antagonist on the background of MPA resulted in a significant decrease in LH levels (from 2.26 IU/L to −0.89 IU/L relative to baseline, p = 0.000214), leading to a higher risk of growth stagnation (18.6%, p = 0.007). We hypothesized that the abrupt decline of LH might increase the risk of apoptosis in granulosa cells. We proposed a “marginal effect” framework to emphasize that the change of LH was the key to its bioactivity, rather than the traditional “window” concept with fixed cutoff values of a threshold and a ceiling.
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Bøtkjær JA, Kristensen SG, Olesen HØ, Larsson P, Mannaerts B, Andersen CY. Dose-dependent stimulation of human follicular steroidogenesis by a novel rhCG during ovarian stimulation with fixed rFSH dosing. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1004596. [PMID: 36339420 PMCID: PMC9632659 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1004596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Choriogonadotropin (CG) beta (FE 999302), a novel recombinant human (h)CG produced by a human cell line, has a longer half-life and higher potency than CG alfa produced by a Chinese hamster ovary cell line. hCG augments steroid production, but the extent of which CG beta treatment during ovarian stimulation (OS) increases steroidogenesis is unknown. Objective To explore how increasing doses of CG beta during OS augment follicular steroidogenesis and change gene expression in cumulus cells. Study design This study is part of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to investigate the efficacy and safety of CG beta plus recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (rFSH) in women undergoing OS during a long gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist protocol. The study primary endpoint was intrafollicular steroid concentrations after CG beta administration. Secondary outcomes were gene expression of FSHR , LHR, CYP19a1, and androgen receptor (AR). Participants/methods 619 women with anti-Müllerian hormone levels 5-35 pmol/L were randomized to receive placebo or 1, 2, 4, 8, or 12 µg/day CG beta from Day 1 of OS plus rFSH. Follicular fluid (FF) (n=558), granulosa (n=498) and cumulus cells (n=368) were collected at oocyte retrieval. Steroid FF hormones were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, gene expression was analyzed in cumulus cells by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis was performed in granulosa cells. Results 17-OH-progesterone, androstenedione, testosterone, and estradiol concentrations significantly increased in a CG-beta dose-dependent manner during OS (p<0.0001), reaching up to 10 times higher values in the highest dose group versus placebo. There was no difference between CG beta dose groups and placebo for progesterone. Expression levels of CYP19a1 increased significantly in the highest dose group of CG beta (p=0.0325) but levels of FSHR , LHR and AR were not affected by CG beta administration. There were no differences between the FSHR (307) or LHR(312) SNP genotypes for dose-dependent effects of CG beta in relation to number of oocytes, intrafollicular steroid hormone levels, or gene expression levels. Conclusions These results reflect the importance of the combined effect of FSH and hCG/LH during OS on granulosa cell activity, follicle health and potentially oocyte quality. Trial Registration number 2017-003810-13 (EudraCT Number). Trial Registration date 21 May 2018. Date of first patient’s enrolment 13 June 2018. Presented at the 38th Annual Meeting of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology, P-567, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Alrø Bøtkjær
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine Gry Kristensen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanna Ørnes Olesen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Larsson
- Global Biometrics, Ferring Pharmaceuticals A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bernadette Mannaerts
- Reproductive Medicine & Maternal Health, Ferring Pharmaceuticals A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Yding Andersen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Alla A, Ongoth FEM, Tahiri A, Karrou M, Rouf S, Benhaddou H, Kamaoui I, Mcelreavey K, Latrech H. Novel homozygous inactivating mutation in the luteinizing hormone receptor gene ( LHCGR) associated with 46, XY DSD in a Moroccan family. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2022; 35:1215-1221. [PMID: 35670320 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2021-0717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We present the first cases of two male brothers with Leydig cell hypoplasia secondary to a novel mutation in the LHCGR gene that has never been described before. CASE PRESENTATION We report the case of two brothers with Leydig cell hypoplasia (LCH) type II caused by novel homozygous inactivating mutation of the LHCGR gene, located in exon 10 in c 947 position. The two patients presented at 11 years 7 months and 1 year 6 months, respectively, with abnormal sexual development, micropenis and cryptorchidism. Genetic analysis revealed a homozygous deletion of approximately 4 bp encompassing exon 10 of the LHR gene in the two brothers indicating autosomal recessive inheritance. An hCG stimulation test induced testosterone secretion within the normal range. Subsequently, a treatment with enanthate of testosterone was started, with an increase in the length of the penis. CONCLUSIONS Leydig cell hypoplasia is a rare form of disorder of sex development. We report the occurrence of a new mutation of the LHCGR gene in two Moroccan brothers in whom the clinical features and the molecular diagnosis were correlated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achwak Alla
- Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology, Mohammed VI University Hospital Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed I University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Farel Elilie Mawa Ongoth
- Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology, Mohammed VI University Hospital Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed I University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Abir Tahiri
- Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology, Mohammed VI University Hospital Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed I University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Marouan Karrou
- Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology, Mohammed VI University Hospital Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed I University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Siham Rouf
- Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology, Mohammed VI University Hospital Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed I University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Houssain Benhaddou
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Mohammed VI University Hospital Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed I University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Imane Kamaoui
- Department of Radiology, Mohammed VI University Hospital Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed I University, Oujda, Morocco
| | | | - Hanane Latrech
- Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology, Mohammed VI University Hospital Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed I University, Oujda, Morocco.,Laboratory of Epidemiology, clinical Research and Public health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed I University, Oujda, Morocco
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Cao H, Gao H, Li Z, Peng G, Chen Y, Jin T, Zhu C, Ji H, Dong W. Comparative transcriptome provides insights into differentially expressed genes between testis and ovary of Onychostoma macrolepis in reproduction period. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2022; 326:114066. [PMID: 35644279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.114066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Onychostoma macrolepis (O. macrolepis) is a rare and endangered fishery species inhabiting the river of Qinling Mountains and some flowing freshwaters in China. The declining population of O. macrolepis caused by asynchrony of male and female development prompted us to focus on genetic regulation of its reproduction. In this study, high-throughput RNA-sequencing technology was applied to assemble and annotate the transcriptome of O. macrolepis testis and ovary. The results showed that a number of 338089335 (ovary:163216500, testis:174872835) raw sequences were obtained. After non-redundant analysis, a number of 207826065 (ovary:102334008, testis:105492057) high quality reads were obtained and predicted as unigenes, in which 201,038,682 unigenes were annotated with multiple databases. Taking the ovarian transcriptome as a control, comparative transcriptome analysis showed that 9918 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) up-regulated in the testis and 13,095 DEGs down-regulated. Many DEGs were involved with sex-related GO terms and KEGG pathways, such as oocyte maturation, gonadal development, steroid biosynthesis pathways, MAPK signaling pathway and Wnt signaling pathway. Finally, the expression patterns of 19 unigenes were validated by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). This study illustrates a potential molecular mechanism on the unsynchronized male and female development of the O. macrolepis during the reproduction period in June and provides a theoretical basis for future artificial reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heran Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Huihui Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Zhenpeng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Guofan Peng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Yining Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Tianqi Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Chao Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Hong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Wuzi Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
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Das D, Arur S. Regulation of oocyte maturation: Role of conserved ERK signaling. Mol Reprod Dev 2022; 89:353-374. [PMID: 35908193 PMCID: PMC9492652 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
During oogenesis, oocytes arrest at meiotic prophase I to acquire competencies for resuming meiosis, fertilization, and early embryonic development. Following this arrested period, oocytes resume meiosis in response to species-specific hormones, a process known as oocyte maturation, that precedes ovulation and fertilization. Involvement of endocrine and autocrine/paracrine factors and signaling events during maintenance of prophase I arrest, and resumption of meiosis is an area of active research. Studies in vertebrate and invertebrate model organisms have delineated the molecular determinants and signaling pathways that regulate oocyte maturation. Cell cycle regulators, such as cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK1), polo-like kinase (PLK1), Wee1/Myt1 kinase, and the phosphatase CDC25 play conserved roles during meiotic resumption. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), on the other hand, while activated during oocyte maturation in all species, regulates both species-specific, as well as conserved events among different organisms. In this review, we synthesize the general signaling mechanisms and focus on conserved and distinct functions of ERK signaling pathway during oocyte maturation in mammals, non-mammalian vertebrates, and invertebrates such as Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Das
- Department of Genetics, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Swathi Arur
- Department of Genetics, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Chen P, Luo Q, Lin Y, Jin J, Hu KL, Wang F, Sun J, Chen R, Wei J, Chen G, Zhang D. Arsenic exposure during juvenile and puberty significantly affected reproductive system development of female SD rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 242:113857. [PMID: 35809398 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Infertility affects about 10-15% couples over the world, among which a large number of cases the underlying causes are still unclear. Recent studies suggest that environmental factors may play an important role in these idiopathic infertilities. Arsenic is a heavy metal found in drinking water over the world. Its effect on the development of female reproductive system at the environmental-relevant levels is still largely unknown. To test the hypothesis that arsenic exposure during juvenile and puberty may affect sex maturation and female reproductive system development, SD rats of 3 weeks of age were exposed to arsenic with environmental-relevant levels (0, 0.02, 0.2, or 2 mg/L, n = 16/group) through drinking water for about 44 days until the rats reached adulthood (65 days of age). Arsenic exposure significantly reduced the weights of both ovary and uterus without affecting the body weight. Also, arsenic exposure disturbed estrus cycles and reduced the numbers of primordial follicles and corpora lutea while increased atretic follicles. In addition, arsenic reduced serum levels of estradiol, progesterone and testosterone but increased LH and FSH levels in dose-dependent manners. QPCR and Western blot experiments indicated arsenic selectively down-regulated ovarian steroidogenic-related proteins FSHR, STAR, CYP17A1, HSD3B1 and CYP19A1 and signaling molecules PKA-ERK-JNK-cJUN, without affecting AKT and CREB. As about reproductive capacity, arsenic-exposed dams had smaller pups, reduced litter size and lower number of male pups without a change in female pups. In conclusion, juvenile and pubertal arsenic exposures at environmental-relevant levels significantly reduced reproductive functions and capacity by adult. Since the lowest effective dose is very close to the government safety standards, the relevancy of arsenic over exposure to reproductive defects in human deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifeng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiani Jin
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai-Lun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feixia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiwei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruixue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangdi Chen
- Department of Public Health, and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology of Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Cunha TO, Martins JPN. Graduate Student Literature Review: Effects of human chorionic gonadotropin on follicular and luteal dynamics and fertility in cattle. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:8401-8410. [PMID: 35965118 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-21991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Circulating progesterone concentrations during the growth of the ovulatory follicle and early embryo development have been positively associated with embryo quality and survival and pregnancy success. As a potent luteotropic agent with LH-like activity, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) has been tested in different studies to improve pregnancy outcomes by increasing circulating progesterone concentrations during the growth of the ovulatory follicle or early embryonic development. Nevertheless, hCG has produced inconsistent, contradictory, and intriguing results. Furthermore, recent research indicates that hCG, when used before artificial insemination, may affect physiological events necessary for the ovulation of a viable oocyte. In addition, the use of hCG-inducing accessory corpus luteum during the estrous cycle seems to disturb luteolysis and follicle and luteal dynamics during the estrous cycle. This literature review discusses past and current research exploring the effects of hCG on the estrous cycle characteristics and pregnancy per artificial insemination and embryo transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- T O Cunha
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706; Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706.
| | - J P N Martins
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706
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Mann ON, Kong CS, Lucas ES, Brosens JJ, Hanyaloglu AC, Brighton PJ. Expression and function of the luteinizing hormone choriogonadotropin receptor in human endometrial stromal cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8624. [PMID: 35597810 PMCID: PMC9124191 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12495-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The human luteinising hormone choriogonadotropin receptor (LHCGR) is a G-protein coupled receptor activated by both human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and luteinizing hormone (LH), two structurally related gonadotropins with essential roles in ovulation and maintenance of the corpus luteum. LHCGR expression predominates in ovarian tissues where it elicits functional responses through cyclic adenosine mononucleotide (cAMP), Ca2+ and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signalling. LHCGR expression has also been localized to the human endometrium, with purported roles in decidualization and implantation. However, these observations are contentious. In this investigation, transcripts encoding LHCGR were undetectable in bulk RNA sequencing datasets from whole cycling endometrial tissue and cultured human endometrial stromal cells (EnSC). However, analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data revealed cell-to-cell transcriptional heterogeneity, and we identified a small subpopulation of stromal cells with detectable LHCGR transcripts. In HEK-293 cells expressing recombinant LHCGR, both hCG and LH elicited robust cAMP, Ca2+ and ERK signals that were absent in wild-type HEK-293 cells. However, none of these responses were recapitulated in primary EnSC cultures. In addition, proliferation, viability and decidual transformation of EnSC were refractory to both hCG and LH, irrespective of treatment to induce differentiation. Although we challenge the assertion that LHCGR is expressed at a functionally active level in the human endometrium, the discovery of a discrete subpopulation of EnSC that express LHCGR transcripts may plausibly account for the conflicting evidence in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- O N Mann
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
| | - C-S Kong
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
| | - E S Lucas
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK.,Centre for Early Life, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - J J Brosens
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK.,Centre for Early Life, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.,Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
| | - A C Hanyaloglu
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - P J Brighton
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK.
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Casarini L, Paradiso E, Lazzaretti C, D'Alessandro S, Roy N, Mascolo E, Zaręba K, García-Gasca A, Simoni M. Regulation of antral follicular growth by an interplay between gonadotropins and their receptors. J Assist Reprod Genet 2022; 39:893-904. [PMID: 35292926 PMCID: PMC9050977 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-022-02456-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the growth and maturation of human antral follicles is based mainly on concepts and deductions from clinical observations and animal models. To date, new experimental approaches and in vitro data contributed to a deep comprehension of gonadotropin receptors' functioning and may provide new insights into the mechanisms regulating still unclear physiological events. Among these, the production of androgen in the absence of proper LH levels, the programming of follicular atresia and dominance are some of the most intriguing. Starting from evolutionary issues at the basis of the gonadotropin receptor signal specificity, we draw a new hypothesis explaining the molecular mechanisms of the antral follicular growth, based on the modulation of endocrine signals by receptor-receptor interactions. The "heteromer hypothesis" explains how opposite death and life signals are delivered by gonadotropin receptors and other membrane partners, mediating steroidogenesis, apoptotic events, and the maturation of the dominant follicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livio Casarini
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Ospedale di Baggiovara, via P. Giardini 1355, 41126, Modena, Italy.
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
- SIERR, Rome, Italy.
| | - Elia Paradiso
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Ospedale di Baggiovara, via P. Giardini 1355, 41126, Modena, Italy
| | - Clara Lazzaretti
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Ospedale di Baggiovara, via P. Giardini 1355, 41126, Modena, Italy
| | - Sara D'Alessandro
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Ospedale di Baggiovara, via P. Giardini 1355, 41126, Modena, Italy
- International PhD School in Clinical and Experimental Medicine (CEM), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Neena Roy
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Ospedale di Baggiovara, via P. Giardini 1355, 41126, Modena, Italy
| | - Elisa Mascolo
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Ospedale di Baggiovara, via P. Giardini 1355, 41126, Modena, Italy
| | - Kornelia Zaręba
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alejandra García-Gasca
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, 82112, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Manuela Simoni
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Ospedale di Baggiovara, via P. Giardini 1355, 41126, Modena, Italy
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
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Chen Y, Hu F, Wang J, Huang K, Liu W, Tan Y, Zhao K, Xiao Q, Lei T, Shu K. Clinical Features of Craniopharyngioma With Tumoral Hemorrhage: A Retrospective Case-Controlled Study. Front Surg 2022; 9:845273. [PMID: 35360427 PMCID: PMC8963871 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.845273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundCraniopharyngioma (CP) with tumoral hemorrhage is a very rare syndrome presenting with various manifestation and unfavorable outcomes. The current retrospective study was performed to summarize the clinical features of CP with tumoral hemorrhage.MethodsIn this study, 185 patients with pathological diagnosis of CP (18 patients with hemorrhage) were enrolled. Clinical characteristics, radiological and surgical treatments, and post-operative complications were analyzed. In addition, the correlations between sexual hormones and tumor volume were explored.ResultsDrowsiness, acute syndrome, and pituitary deficiency were more frequent in patients with hemorrhage patients. Prothrombin time (PT) were higher in patients with hemorrhage. Luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone (T) were lower in male patients with hemorrhage. Post-operative electrolyte disturbances, hypothalamic syndrome, and death appeared more frequently in the hemorrhage group. Moreover, prolactin (PRL) and cortisol 8AM were found to be correlated with the volume of the tumor and the hematoma, respectively.ConclusionThe current study presented the clinical features of CP apoplexy from the aspects of clinical characteristics, radiography, surgical treatment, and post-operative complications. Patients with CP apoplexy could benefit from the proper processing of peritumoral hemorrhage and post-operative monitoring of the electrolyte.
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Hébert-Mercier PO, Bergeron F, Robert NM, Mehanovic S, Pierre KJ, Mendoza-Villarroel RE, de Mattos K, Brousseau C, Tremblay JJ. Growth Hormone-induced STAT5B Regulates Star Gene Expression Through a Cooperation With cJUN in Mouse MA-10 Leydig Cells. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6490116. [PMID: 34967898 PMCID: PMC8765792 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Leydig cells produce androgens that are essential for male sex differentiation and reproductive function. Leydig cell function is regulated by several hormones and signaling molecules, including growth hormone (GH). Although GH is known to upregulate Star gene expression in Leydig cells, its molecular mechanism of action remains unknown. The STAT5B transcription factor is a downstream effector of GH signaling in other systems. While STAT5B is present in both primary and Leydig cell lines, its function in these cells has yet to be ascertained. Here we report that treatment of MA-10 Leydig cells with GH or overexpression of STAT5B induces Star messenger RNA levels and increases steroid hormone output. The mouse Star promoter contains a consensus STAT5B element (TTCnnnGAA) at -756 bp to which STAT5B binds in vitro (electrophoretic mobility shift assay and supershift) and in vivo (chromatin immunoprecipitation) in a GH-induced manner. In functional promoter assays, STAT5B was found to activate a -980 bp mouse Star reporter. Mutating the -756 bp element prevented STAT5B binding but did not abrogate STAT5B-responsiveness. STAT5B was found to functionally cooperate with DNA-bound cJUN. The STAT5B/cJUN cooperation was only observed in Leydig cells and not in Sertoli or fibroblast cells, indicating that additional Leydig cell-enriched transcription factors are required. The STAT5B/cJUN cooperation was lost only when both STAT5B and cJUN elements were mutated. In addition to identifying the Star gene as a novel target for STAT5B in Leydig cells, our data provide important new insights into the mechanism of GH and STAT5B action in the regulation of Leydig cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Olivier Hébert-Mercier
- Reproduction, Mother and Child Health, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec – Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Francis Bergeron
- Reproduction, Mother and Child Health, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec – Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Nicholas M Robert
- Reproduction, Mother and Child Health, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec – Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Samir Mehanovic
- Reproduction, Mother and Child Health, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec – Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Kenley Joule Pierre
- Reproduction, Mother and Child Health, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec – Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Raifish E Mendoza-Villarroel
- Reproduction, Mother and Child Health, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec – Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Karine de Mattos
- Reproduction, Mother and Child Health, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec – Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Catherine Brousseau
- Reproduction, Mother and Child Health, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec – Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Jacques J Tremblay
- Reproduction, Mother and Child Health, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec – Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Correspondence: Jacques J. Tremblay, PhD, Reproduction, Mother and Child Health, Room T3-67, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec – Université Laval CHUL, 2705 Laurier Blvd, Québec City, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
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Association between different dual trigger dosages and IVF results in patients with POSEIDON Group IV. Obstet Gynecol Sci 2022; 65:215-222. [PMID: 35081677 PMCID: PMC8942747 DOI: 10.5468/ogs.21317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Dual trigger is used to induce final oocyte maturation during the process of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, yet yielding controversial results. Also, there are yet no data regarding the effect of the dosage of the dual trigger on clinical outcomes. Based on the Patient-Oriented Strategies Encompassing IndividualizeD Oocyte Number (POSEIDON) criteria, this study aimed to determine the clinical difference of a single bolus versus two boluses of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) in POSEIDON group IV patients using dual trigger. Methods We screened a total of 1,256 patients who underwent in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles who met the POSEIDON group IV criteria. Six hundred and twenty-nine patients received one bolus of GnRHa, and 627 patients were given two boluses. All patients received the same dose of recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin during the dual trigger cycle. Results Metaphase II oocyte retrieval rate, fertilization rate and clinical pregnancy rate did not differ between the two groups. However, a lower percentage of at least one top-quality embryo transfer (34.3% vs. 26.0%, P=0.001) in the two bolus-GnRHa group was noted. Conclusion A double bolus of GnRHa did not show superior clinical results compared to a single bolus of GnRHa in the dual trigger IVF cycle. Therefore, GnRHa doses for use should be decided based on individual clinical situations considering cost-effectiveness and patient compliance, but further investigation will be needed.
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Roles of Gonadotropin Receptors in Sexual Development of Medaka. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030387. [PMID: 35159197 PMCID: PMC8834109 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The gonadotropins, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), are secreted from the pituitary and bind to the FSH receptor (FSHR) and LH receptor (LHR) to regulate gonadal development in vertebrates. Previously, using fshr-knockout (KO) medaka (Oryzias latipes), we demonstrated that FSH regulates ovarian development by elevating estrogen levels. However, the lhr-KO phenotype in medaka is poorly characterized. Here, we generated lhr-KO medaka using the transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) technique. We analyzed its phenotype and that of fshr-KO, lhr;fshr double-heterozygotes (double-hetero), and double-KO fish. All genetically male medaka displayed normal testes and were fertile, whereas fshr-KO and double-KO genetically female fish displayed small ovaries containing many early pre-vitellogenic oocytes and were infertile. Although lhr-KO genetically female fish had normal ovaries with full-grown oocytes, ovulation did not occur. Levels of 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, which is required for meiotic maturation of oocytes and sperm maturation in teleost fish, were significantly decreased in all KO female medaka ovaries except for double-heteros. Further, 17β-estradiol levels in fshr-KO and double-KO ovaries were significantly lower than those in double-heteros. These findings indicate that LH is necessary for oocyte maturation and FSH is necessary for follicle development, but that neither are essential for spermatogenesis in medaka.
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Ribeiro DLS, Ribeiro LSS, Bezerra NPC, Silva JM, Noleto KS, Souza FA, Carvalho-Neta AV, Almeida ZS, Chaves DP, Torres Junior JRS. Differential gene expression pattern and plasma sex steroids during testicular development in Genyatremus luteus (Perciforme: Haemulidae) (Bloch, 1790). BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 82:e262017. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.262017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The aim of the current study is to evaluate gene expression patterns of LH (lhr) and estrogen (er) receptors and plasma steroid levels during testicular development in Genyatremus luteus. Males were histologically classified as immature (n=7), maturing (n=7) and mature (n=7), based on the cellular structure of their testes. Plasma 11-KT concentration recorded peak at the final maturation stage. The highest plasma 17α-OHP concentrations were observed at the immature stage; they decreased at the maturation and mature stages. On the other hand, 17β-estradiol (E2) recorded higher concentrations at the maturation stage. Er expression has significantly increased along the maturational development of animals’ testes. The mRNA observed for the LH receptor has decreased from immature to maturing stage; it presented expression peak at the mature stage. There was high association between receptor gene expression and plasma steroid levels, mainly E2. The current study was the first to feature different reproductive maturation stages in male G. luteus specimens, based on cellular, endocrine and molecular aspects. In addition, it has shown that the gene expression profile for er and lhr receptors, as well as plasma 11-KT and E2 concentrations, are directly linked to testicular maturation, although they are not necessarily associated with the gonadosomatic index.
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Fernández Sánchez M, Višnová H, Larsson P, Yding Andersen C, Filicori M, Blockeel C, Pinborg A, Khalaf Y, Mannaerts B, the Rainbow Study Group
BlockeelChristophede SutterPetraVišnováHanaUherPetrGYNEMMilan MrazekSobekAlesKafkaMilanFreieslebenNina La Courhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8340-104XPinborgAnjaHusthMereteBentin-LeyUrsulaSánchezManuel FernándezFerrandoMarcosVelascoJuan Antonio GarciaBoschErnestoVerduVictoriaBarriPedroNelsonScottNarvekarNitishDrakeleyAndrewKhalafYacoub. OUP accepted manuscript. Hum Reprod 2022; 37:1161-1174. [PMID: 35451013 PMCID: PMC9156848 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION SUMMARY ANSWER WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER TRIAL REGISTRATION DATE DATE OF FIRST PATIENT’S ENROLMENT
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Fernández Sánchez
- IVI-RMA Seville, Seville, Spain
- Departament of Surgery, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
- Fundacion IVI, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Per Larsson
- Global Biometrics, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Yding Andersen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Copenhagen University Hospital and Faculty of Health Science, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Christophe Blockeel
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anja Pinborg
- Fertility Clinic, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yacoub Khalaf
- Assisted Conception Unit, Guy’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - Bernadette Mannaerts
- Correspondence address. Reproductive Medicine & Maternal Health, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Amager Strandvej 405, 2770 Kastrup, Denmark. E-mail:
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Byambaragchaa M, Choi SH, Kim DW, Min KS. Constitutive Activating Eel Luteinizing Hormone Receptors Induce Constitutively Signal Transduction and Inactivating Mutants Impair Biological Activity. Dev Reprod 2021; 25:133-143. [PMID: 34950817 PMCID: PMC8670774 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2021.25.3.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to the human lutropin receptor (hLHR) and rat LHR (rLHR), very few
naturally occurring mutants in other mammalian species have been identified. The
present study aimed to delineate the mechanism of signal transduction by three
constitutively activating mutants (designated M410T, L469R, and D590Y) and two
inactivating mutants (D383N and Y546F) of the eel LHR, known to be naturally
occurring in human LHR transmembrane domains. The mutants were constructed and
measured cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation via homogeneous
time-resolved fluorescence assays in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 cells. The
activating mutant cells expressing eel LHR-M410T, L469R, and D590Y exhibited a
4.0-, 19.1-, and 7.8-fold increase in basal cAMP response without agonist
treatment, respectively. However, inactivating mutant cells expressing D417N and
Y558F did not completely impaired signal transduction. Specifically, signal
transduction in the cells expressing activating mutant L469R was not occurred
with a further ligand stimulation, showing that the maximal response exhibited
approximately 53% of those of wild type receptor. Our results suggested that the
constitutively activating mutants of the eel LHR consistently occurred without
agonist treatment. These results provide important information of LHR function
in fish and regulation with regard to mutations of highly conserved amino acids
in glycoprotein hormone receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seung-Hee Choi
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Korea
| | - Dong-Wan Kim
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Korea
| | - Kwan-Sik Min
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Korea.,School of Animal Life Convergence Science, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Korea
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Byambaragchaa M, Choi SH, Kim DW, Min KS. Cell-Surface Loss of Constitutive Activating and Inactivating Mutants of Eel Luteinizing Hormone Receptors. Dev Reprod 2021; 25:225-234. [PMID: 35141448 PMCID: PMC8807125 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2021.25.4.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism of cell surface receptor loss by two constitutively activating mutants (designated L469R, and D590Y) and two inactivating mutants (D417N and Y558F) of the luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) in the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica, known to naturally occur in human LHR transmembrane domains. We investigated cell surface receptor loss using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in HEK 293 cells. The expression level of wild-type eel LHR was considered to be 100%, and the expression levels of L469R and D417N were 97% and 101%, respectively, whereas the expression levels of D590Y and Y558F slightly increased to approximately 110% and 106%, respectively. The constitutively activating mutants L469R and D590Y exhibited a decrease in cell surface loss in a manner similar to that of wild-type eel LHR. The rates of loss of cell surface agonist-receptor complexes were observed to be very rapid (2.6-6.2 min) in both the wild-type eel LHR and activating mutants. However, cell surface receptor loss in the cells expressing inactivating mutants D417N and Y558F was slightly observed in the cells expressing inactivating mutants D417N and Y558F, despite treatment with a high concentration of agonist. These results provide important information on LHR function in fish and the regulation of mutations of highly conserved amino acids in glycoprotein hormone receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seung-Hee Choi
- School of Animal Life Convergence Science, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Korea
| | - Dong-Wan Kim
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Korea
| | - Kwan-Sik Min
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Korea.,School of Animal Life Convergence Science, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Korea
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Ulloa-Aguirre A, Zariñán T, Jardón-Valadez E. Misfolded G Protein-Coupled Receptors and Endocrine Disease. Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212329. [PMID: 34830210 PMCID: PMC8622668 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Misfolding of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) caused by mutations frequently leads to disease due to intracellular trapping of the conformationally abnormal receptor. Several endocrine diseases due to inactivating mutations in GPCRs have been described, including X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, thyroid disorders, familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, obesity, familial glucocorticoid deficiency [melanocortin-2 receptor, MC2R (also known as adrenocorticotropin receptor, ACTHR), and reproductive disorders. In these mutant receptors, misfolding leads to endoplasmic reticulum retention, increased intracellular degradation, and deficient trafficking of the abnormal receptor to the cell surface plasma membrane, causing inability of the receptor to interact with agonists and trigger intracellular signaling. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms whereby mutations in GPCRs involved in endocrine function in humans lead to misfolding, decreased plasma membrane expression of the receptor protein, and loss-of-function diseases, and also describe several experimental approaches employed to rescue trafficking and function of the misfolded receptors. Special attention is given to misfolded GPCRs that regulate reproductive function, given the key role played by these particular membrane receptors in sexual development and fertility, and recent reports on promising therapeutic interventions targeting trafficking of these defective proteins to rescue completely or partially their normal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Ulloa-Aguirre
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
- Correspondence:
| | - Teresa Zariñán
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Eduardo Jardón-Valadez
- Departamento de Recursos de la Tierra, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Lerma, Lerma de Villada 52005, Estado de México, Mexico;
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La Y, Ma F, Ma X, Bao P, Chu M, Liang C, Guo X, Yin M, Li J, Yan P. Different expression of LHR, PRLR, GH and IGF1 during testicular development of yak. Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 57:221-227. [PMID: 34752661 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR), prolactin receptor (PRLR), growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) have been shown to be key regulators of germ cell development. However, the role of LHR, PRLR, GH and IGF1 in the development of yak testis remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to describe and compare gene expression and protein localization of LHR, PRLR, GH and IGF1 in the development of yak testes. Testes were collected from 6, 24, 36 and 72 months yak, and the kidney, liver, testicular, lung, skeletal muscle, heart and spleen tissues were collected from 36 months yak. The quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) results showed that the expression of these four genes was widely expressed in kidney, liver, testicular, lung, skeletal muscle, heart and spleen, while the LHR and PRLR were highly expressed in the kidney, skeletal muscle and testis, and higher levels of GH and IGF were expressed in spleen and testis. Moreover, the mRNA expression of these genes in adults was higher than in pre-pubertal yak. In the testis, the LHR-, PRLR-, GH- and IGF1-positive signals were detected in the Leydig cells of the 6 months, while the intense positive signals were discovered in Leydig cells, spermatogonia and spermatocytes of the 36 and 72 months. Thus, LHR, PRLR, GH and IGF1 may be involved in the development of spermatids and spermatocytes, and in the regulation of spermatogonia proliferation and Leydig cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfu La
- Animal Science Department, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Yak Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fulong Ma
- Animal Science Department, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Yak Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Ma
- Animal Science Department, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Yak Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pengjia Bao
- Animal Science Department, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Yak Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Min Chu
- Animal Science Department, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Yak Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chunnian Liang
- Animal Science Department, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Yak Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xian Guo
- Animal Science Department, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Yak Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mancai Yin
- Datong Breeding Farm in Qinghai Province, Datong, China
| | - Jiye Li
- Datong Breeding Farm in Qinghai Province, Datong, China
| | - Ping Yan
- Animal Science Department, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Yak Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
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50
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Li H, Cai T, Ren Y, Huang J, Jiang H, Hou Y, Tang C, Yang J, Zhao J, Yu P. A simple unlabeled human chorionic gonadotropin biosensor based on a peptide aptamer. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:4442-4451. [PMID: 34490875 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01105g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As an essential biochemical indicator in the fields of pregnancy and oncology, human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) can be evaluated using colloidal gold immunochromatographic paper and quantified using a biochemical analyzer based on the principle of the antibody sandwich method. In view of the inaccuracy of the former and the complication of the latter, this study constructed an accurate, sensitive and simple unlabeled biosensor based on peptide aptamer CGGGPPLRINRHILTR for HCG detection. Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) was used to simulate the aptamer and protein docking, and western blot (WB) was used to verify the binding effect and ratio. The peptide aptamer was characterized and was then reduced with tris-(2-carboxyethyl)-phosphine hydrochloride (TCEP). After electrochemical deposition of chloroauric acid on the screen-printed electrode (SPE), the aptamer was self-assembled on the electrode surface under optimal conditions. The active site of the electrode surface was blocked with 6-mercapto-1-hexanol (MCH) and BSA. The electrochemical impedance spectrum (EIS) was used to quantify HCG in the matrix. Showing a good linear relationship in the range of 5-1500 mIU mL-1, with a detection limit of 1 mIU mL-1, the biosensor remained stable at room temperature for 14 days. Because of its small size, stability, sensitivity and accuracy, this biosensor has great potential to become a portable diagnostic device for HCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Li
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, No. 172, Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Tongji Cai
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, No. 172, Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yi Ren
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, No. 172, Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, No. 172, Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hanbing Jiang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, No. 172, Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yucui Hou
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, No. 172, Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Chunhua Tang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, No. 172, Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, No. 172, Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jia Zhao
- Changsha Cinotohi Technology Co., Ltd, No. 229, West Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, No. 172, Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
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