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Sergi D, Campbell FM, Grant C, Morris AC, Bachmair EM, Koch C, McLean FH, Muller A, Hoggard N, de Roos B, Porteiro B, Boekschoten MV, McGillicuddy FC, Kahn D, Nicol P, Benzler J, Mayer CD, Drew JE, Roche HM, Muller M, Nogueiras R, Dieguez C, Tups A, Williams LM. SerpinA3N is a novel hypothalamic gene upregulated by a high-fat diet and leptin in mice. GENES AND NUTRITION 2018; 13:28. [PMID: 30519364 PMCID: PMC6263559 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-018-0619-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Energy homeostasis is regulated by the hypothalamus but fails when animals are fed a high-fat diet (HFD), and leptin insensitivity and obesity develops. To elucidate the possible mechanisms underlying these effects, a microarray-based transcriptomics approach was used to identify novel genes regulated by HFD and leptin in the mouse hypothalamus. Results Mouse global array data identified serpinA3N as a novel gene highly upregulated by both a HFD and leptin challenge. In situ hybridisation showed serpinA3N expression upregulation by HFD and leptin in all major hypothalamic nuclei in agreement with transcriptomic gene expression data. Immunohistochemistry and studies in the hypothalamic clonal neuronal cell line, mHypoE-N42 (N42), confirmed that alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (α1AC), the protein encoded by serpinA3, is localised to neurons and revealed that it is secreted into the media. SerpinA3N expression in N42 neurons is upregulated by palmitic acid and by leptin, together with IL-6 and TNFα, and all three genes are downregulated by the anti-inflammatory monounsaturated fat, oleic acid. Additionally, palmitate upregulation of serpinA3 in N42 neurons is blocked by the NFκB inhibitor, BAY11, and the upregulation of serpinA3N expression in the hypothalamus by HFD is blunted in IL-1 receptor 1 knockout (IL-1R1−/−) mice. Conclusions These data demonstrate that serpinA3 expression is implicated in nutritionally mediated hypothalamic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Sergi
- 1Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - Fiona M Campbell
- 1Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - Christine Grant
- 1Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - Amanda C Morris
- 1Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | | | - Christiane Koch
- 2Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Philipps University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch Str. 8, 35043 Marburg, Germany.,3Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Brain Health Research Centre, Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054 New Zealand
| | - Fiona H McLean
- 1Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - Aifric Muller
- 1Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - Nigel Hoggard
- 1Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - Baukje de Roos
- 1Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - Begona Porteiro
- 4Department of Physiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,5CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mark V Boekschoten
- 6Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fiona C McGillicuddy
- 7Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Darcy Kahn
- 1Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - Phyllis Nicol
- 1Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - Jonas Benzler
- 2Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Philipps University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch Str. 8, 35043 Marburg, Germany.,3Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Brain Health Research Centre, Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054 New Zealand
| | - Claus-Dieter Mayer
- 8Biomathematics & Statistics Scotland (BioSS), Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - Janice E Drew
- 1Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - Helen M Roche
- 7Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael Muller
- 9Nutrigenomics and Systems Nutrition Group, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7UQ UK
| | - Ruben Nogueiras
- 4Department of Physiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,5CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Dieguez
- 4Department of Physiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,5CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexander Tups
- 2Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Philipps University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch Str. 8, 35043 Marburg, Germany.,3Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Brain Health Research Centre, Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054 New Zealand
| | - Lynda M Williams
- 1Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
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Stocker CJ, Wargent ET, Martin-Gronert MS, Cripps RL, O'Dowd JF, Zaibi MS, Cottrell EC, Mercer JG, Duncan JS, Cawthorne MA, Ozanne SE, Arch JRS. Leanness in postnatally nutritionally programmed rats is associated with increased sensitivity to leptin and a melanocortin receptor agonist and decreased sensitivity to neuropeptide Y. Int J Obes (Lond) 2012; 36:1040-6. [PMID: 22124449 PMCID: PMC3378483 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2011.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pups of normally nourished dams that are cross-fostered after birth to dams fed a low-protein (8% by weight) diet (postnatal low protein (PLP)) grow slower during the suckling period and remain small and lean throughout adulthood. At weaning, they have increased expression in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus of the orexigenic neuropeptide Y (NPY) and decreased expression of pro-opiomelanocortin, the precursor of anorexigenic melanocortins. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS We investigated, using third ventricle administration, whether 3-month-old male PLP rats display altered sensitivity to leptin with respect to food intake, NPY and the melanocortin 3/4-receptor agonist MTII, and using in situ hybridization or laser capture microdissection of the ARC followed by RT-PCR, whether the differences observed were associated with changes in the hypothalamic expression of NPY or the leptin receptor, NPY receptors and melanocortin receptors. RESULTS PLP rats were smaller and had reduced percentage body fat content and plasma leptin concentration compared with control rats. Leptin (5 μg) reduced food intake over 0-48 h more in PLP than control rats (P<0.05). Submaximal doses of NPY increased the food intake less in PLP rats than in controls, whereas submaximal doses of MTII reduced the food intake more in PLP rats. Maximal responses did not differ between PLP and control rats. Leptin and melanocortin-3 receptor (MC3R) expression were increased in both ARC and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei in PLP animals compared with the controls. MC4R, NPY Y1R, Y5R and NPY expression were unchanged. CONCLUSION Postnatal undernourishment results in food intake in adult rats being more sensitive to reduction by leptin and melanocortins, and less sensitive to stimulation by NPY. We propose that this contributes to increased leptin sensitivity and resistance to obesity. Increased expression of ObRb and MC3R may partly explain these findings but other downstream mechanisms must also be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Stocker
- Clore Laboratory, University of Buckingham, Buckingham, UK.
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Pétervári E, Garami A, Soós S, Székely M, Balaskó M. Age-dependence of alpha-MSH-induced anorexia. Neuropeptides 2010; 44:315-22. [PMID: 20382426 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2010.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Revised: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Long-term regulation of energy balance involves two major trends: first age-related obesity develops in the middle-aged, later it is followed by anorexia of aging (sarcopenia and/or cachexia). A dynamic balance between orexigenic and anorexigenic neuropeptides is essential for the regulation of energy homeostasis. Special imbalances of neuropeptide effects may be assumed corresponding to different age-periods. Anorexia induced by acute alpha-MSH (alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone; endogenous melanocortin agonist) injections was analyzed in male Wistar rats aged 6-9 weeks (juvenile), 3-4 months (young adult), 6 or 12 months (two middle-aged groups), 18 months (aging) and 24-26 months (old). Alpha-MSH injected through a preimplanted intracerebroventricular (ICV) cannula (compared with saline injection) dose-dependently suppressed spontaneous food intake and also re-feeding following 24-h fasting, but the rate of suppression varied between age-groups. An ICV injection of 5 microg alpha-MSH attenuated the 2-h re-feeding by 21.9+/-3.2% in juvenile rats, strongly (68.7+/-2.5%) suppressed it in young adults, the suppression became progressively weaker in the two middle-aged groups (55.7+/-4.9%, vs. 26.4+/-4.9%, respectively), but it turned extreme in aging (94.7+/-4.2%) and old (74.3+/-4.5%) rats. Body composition also changed with age: unlike the tibialis anterior muscle, the epididymal and retroperitoneal fat pads increased until middle-age and remained large even in old animals, while the measured indicator of muscle mass decreased in the oldest group. The food intake suppressing and body weight decreasing effects of a 7-day-long ICV infusion of 1 microg/h alpha-MSH were weakest in the 12-month-old and most pronounced in the 24 month-old rats. In conclusion, responsiveness to the anorexic effect of alpha-MSH varies with age, with a nadir of the curve in the middle-aged, and a peak in the aging and old animals. This age-related nadir of melanocortin-responsiveness may promote obesity in middle-aged rats, while the tendency for anorexia and incipient sarcopenia of old (still obese) rats may result from age-related melanocortin-hypersensitivity rather than from adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pétervári
- Department of Pathophysiology and Gerontology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Breton C, Lukaszewski MA, Risold PY, Enache M, Guillemot J, Rivière G, Delahaye F, Lesage J, Dutriez-Casteloot I, Laborie C, Vieau D. Maternal prenatal undernutrition alters the response of POMC neurons to energy status variation in adult male rat offspring. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2009; 296:E462-72. [PMID: 19088253 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.90740.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that maternal undernutrition predisposes the offspring to development of energy balance metabolic pathologies in adulthood. Using a model of a prenatal maternal 70% food-restricted diet (FR30) in rats, we evaluated peripheral parameters involved in nutritional regulation, as well as the hypothalamic appetite-regulatory system, in nonfasted and 48-h-fasted adult offspring. Despite comparable glycemia in both groups, mild glucose intolerance, with a defect in glucose-induced insulin secretion, was observed in FR30 animals. They also exhibited hyperleptinemia, despite similar visible fat deposits. Using semiquantitative RT-PCR, we observed no basal difference of hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) gene expression, but a decrease of the OB-Rb and an increase of insulin receptor mRNA levels, in FR30 animals. These animals also exhibited basal hypercorticosteronemia and a blunted increase of corticosterone in fasted compared with control animals. After fasting, FR30 animals showed no marked reduction of POMC mRNA levels or intensity of beta-endorphin-immunoreactive fiber projections. By contrast, NPY gene expression and immunoreactive fiber intensity increased. FR30 rats also displayed subtle alterations of food intake: body weight-related food intake was higher and light-dark phase rhythm and refeeding time course were modified after fasting. At rest, in the morning, hyperinsulinemia and a striking increase in the number of c-Fos-containing cells in the arcuate nucleus were observed. About 30% of the c-Fos-expressing cells were POMC neurons. Our data suggest that maternal undernutrition differently programs the long-term appetite-regulatory system of offspring, especially the response of POMC neurons to energy status and food intake rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Breton
- Neurosciences et Physiologie Adaptatives, Université de Lille I, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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Lustig RH. Childhood obesity: behavioral aberration or biochemical drive? Reinterpreting the First Law of Thermodynamics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 2:447-58. [PMID: 16932334 DOI: 10.1038/ncpendmet0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2005] [Accepted: 03/23/2006] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Childhood obesity has become epidemic over the past 30 years. The First Law of Thermodynamics is routinely interpreted to imply that weight gain is secondary to increased caloric intake and/or decreased energy expenditure, two behaviors that have been documented during this interval; nonetheless, lifestyle interventions are notoriously ineffective at promoting weight loss. Obesity is characterized by hyperinsulinemia. Although hyperinsulinemia is usually thought to be secondary to obesity, it can instead be primary, due to autonomic dysfunction. Obesity is also a state of leptin resistance, in which defective leptin signal transduction promotes excess energy intake, to maintain normal energy expenditure. Insulin and leptin share a common central signaling pathway, and it seems that insulin functions as an endogenous leptin antagonist. Suppressing insulin ameliorates leptin resistance, with ensuing reduction of caloric intake, increased spontaneous activity, and improved quality of life. Hyperinsulinemia also interferes with dopamine clearance in the ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens, promoting increased food reward. Accordingly, the First Law of Thermodynamics can be reinterpreted, such that the behaviors of increased caloric intake and decreased energy expenditure are secondary to obligate weight gain. This weight gain is driven by the hyperinsulinemic state, through three mechanisms: energy partitioning into adipose tissue; interference with leptin signal transduction; and interference with extinction of the hedonic response to food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Lustig
- Division of Endocrinology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0434, USA.
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