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Singh S, Hussain S, Yadav SS, Tiwari NP, Usman K, Sawlani KK, Khattri S. Association of Serum Adipsin Level with Insulin Resistance and Inflammatory Markers in Newly Diagnosed Type two Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Indian J Clin Biochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12291-023-01126-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
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Galán B, Serdan T, Rodrigues L, Manoel R, Gorjão R, Masi L, Pithon-Curi T, Curi R, Hirabara S. Reviewing physical exercise in non-obese diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats. Braz J Med Biol Res 2022; 55:e11795. [PMID: 35648976 PMCID: PMC9150428 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2022e11795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a high incidence of non-obese type 2 diabetes mellitus (non-obese-T2DM) cases, particularly in Asian countries, for which the pathogenesis remains mainly unclear. Interestingly, Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats spontaneously develop insulin resistance (IR) and non-obese-T2DM, making them a lean diabetes model. Physical exercise is a non-pharmacological therapeutic approach to reduce adipose tissue mass, improving peripheral IR, glycemic control, and quality of life in obese animals or humans with T2DM. In this narrative review, we selected and analyzed the published literature on the effects of physical exercise on the metabolic features associated with non-obese-T2DM. Only randomized controlled trials with regular physical exercise training, freely executed physical activity, or skeletal muscle stimulation protocols in GK rats published after 2008 were included. The results indicated that exercise reduces plasma insulin levels, increases skeletal muscle glycogen content, improves exercise tolerance, protects renal and myocardial function, and enhances blood oxygen flow in GK rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- B.S.M. Galán
- Instituto de Atividade Física e Esportes, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, Brasil
| | - T.D.A. Serdan
- Instituto de Atividade Física e Esportes, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, Brasil; New York University, USA
| | - L.E. Rodrigues
- Instituto de Atividade Física e Esportes, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, Brasil
| | - R. Manoel
- Instituto de Atividade Física e Esportes, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, Brasil
| | - R. Gorjão
- Instituto de Atividade Física e Esportes, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, Brasil
| | - L.N. Masi
- Instituto de Atividade Física e Esportes, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, Brasil
| | - T.C. Pithon-Curi
- Instituto de Atividade Física e Esportes, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, Brasil
| | - R. Curi
- Instituto de Atividade Física e Esportes, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, Brasil; Instituto Butantan, Brasil
| | - S.M. Hirabara
- Instituto de Atividade Física e Esportes, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, Brasil
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Zhou Q, Ge Q, Ding Y, Qu H, Wei H, Wu R, Yao L, Wei Q, Feng Z, Long J, Deng H. Relationship between serum adipsin and the first phase of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in individuals with different glucose tolerance. J Diabetes Investig 2018; 9:1128-1134. [PMID: 29432659 PMCID: PMC6123022 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION To detect serum adipsin levels in individuals with different glucose tolerance, and investigate the relationship between adipsisn and the first phase of insulin secretion. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 56 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus, 36 patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and 45 individuals with normal glucose tolerance were enrolled. Intravenous glucose tolerance tests were carried out to evaluate pancreatic β-cell function. The serum levels of adipsin, interleukin-1β and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were assayed. RESULTS Serum adipsin levels were significantly lower in the type 2 diabetes mellitus and the IGT patients than those in the normal glucose tolerance group (P < 0.05). The acute insulin response and area under the curve showed a progressive decrease in the normal glucose tolerance and IGT groups, and decreased to the lowest levels in the type 2 diabetes mellitus group (P < 0.05). Adipsin was found to be negatively correlated with waist-to-hip ratio, free fatty acid, fasting plasma glucose, 2-h postprandial plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, interleukin-1β and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (P < 0.05 or P < 0.001), and positively correlated with homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, the area under the curve of the first phase insulin secretion and acute insulin response (P < 0.05 or P < 0.001). Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that homeostasis model assessment for β-cell function and acute insulin response were independently related to adipsin (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Serum adipsin levels were lower in type 2 diabetes mellitus and IGT patients, and correlated with the first phase of insulin secretion. Adipsin might be involved in the pathology of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhou
- Department of EndocrinologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Qian Ge
- Department of EndocrinologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yao Ding
- Department of EndocrinologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Hua Qu
- Department of EndocrinologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Huili Wei
- Department of EndocrinologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Rui Wu
- Department of EndocrinologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Lu Yao
- Department of EndocrinologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Qianping Wei
- Department of EndocrinologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Zhengping Feng
- Department of EndocrinologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Jian Long
- Department of EndocrinologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Huacong Deng
- Department of EndocrinologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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Interleukin-6 gene transfer reverses body weight gain and fatty liver in obese mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:1001-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Gupta A, Rezvani R, Lapointe M, Poursharifi P, Marceau P, Tiwari S, Tchernof A, Cianflone K. Downregulation of complement C3 and C3aR expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue in obese women. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95478. [PMID: 24743347 PMCID: PMC3990631 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The central component of the complement system, C3, is associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease however the underlying reasons are unknown. In the present study we evaluated gene expression of C3, the cleavage product C3a/C3adesArg and its cognate receptor C3aR in subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue in women. METHODS Women (n = 140, 21-69 years, BMI 19.5-79 kg/m2) were evaluated for anthropometric and blood parameters, and adipose tissue gene expression. RESULTS Subjects were separated into groups (n = 34-36) according to obesity: normal/overweight (≤30 kg/m2), obese I (≤45 kg/m2), obese II (≤51 kg/m2), and obese III (≤80 kg/m2). Overall, while omental expression remained unchanged, subcutaneous C3 and C3aR gene expression decreased with increasing adiposity (2-way ANOVA, p<0.01), with a concomitant decrease in SC/OM ratio (p<0.001). In subcutaneous adipose, both C3 and C3aR expression correlated with apoB, and apoA1 and inversely with waist circumference and blood pressure, while C3aR also correlated with glucose (p<0.05-0.0001). While omental C3aR expression did not correlate with any factor, omental C3 correlated with waist circumference, glucose and apoB (all p<0.05). Further, while plasma C3a/C3adesArg increased and adiponectin decreased with increasing BMI, both correlated (C3a negatively and adiponectin positively) with subcutaneous C3 and C3aR expression (p<0.05-0.001) or less). CONCLUSIONS The obesity-induced down-regulation of complement C3 and C3aR which is specific to subcutaneous adipose tissue, coupled to the strong correlations with multiple anthropometric, plasma and adipokine variables support a potential role for complement in immunometabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Gupta
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Department of Physiology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Reza Rezvani
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc Lapointe
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Pegah Poursharifi
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Picard Marceau
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Sunita Tiwari
- Department of Physiology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Andre Tchernof
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Katherine Cianflone
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Pazos P, Lima L, Casanueva FF, Diéguez C, García MC. Interleukin 6 deficiency modulates the hypothalamic expression of energy balance regulating peptides during pregnancy in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72339. [PMID: 24015235 PMCID: PMC3756067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is associated with hyperphagia, increased adiposity and multiple neuroendocrine adaptations. Maternal adipose tissue secretes rising amounts of interleukin 6 (IL6), which acts peripherally modulating metabolic function and centrally increasing energy expenditure and reducing body fat. To explore the role of IL6 in the central mechanisms governing dam's energy homeostasis, early, mid and late pregnant (gestational days 7, 13 and 18) wild-type (WT) and Il6 knockout mice (Il6-KO) were compared with virgin controls at diestrus. Food intake, body weight and composition as well as indirect calorimetry measurements were performed in vivo. Anabolic and orexigenic peptides: neuropeptide Y (Npy) and agouti-related peptide (Agrp); and catabolic and anorectic neuropeptides: proopiomelanocortin (Pomc), corticotrophin and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (Crh and Trh) mRNA levels were determined by in situ hybridization. Real time-PCR and western-blot were used for additional tissue gene expression and protein studies. Non-pregnant Il6-KO mice were leaner than WT mice due to a decrease in fat but not in lean body mass. Pregnant Il6-KO mice had higher fat accretion despite similar body weight gain than WT controls. A decreased fat utilization in absence of Il6 might explain this effect, as shown by increased respiratory exchange ratio (RER) in virgin Il6-KO mice. Il6 mRNA levels were markedly enhanced in adipose tissue but reduced in hypothalamus of mid and late pregnant WT mice. Trh expression was also stimulated at gestational day 13 and lack of Il6 blunted this effect. Conversely, in late pregnant mice lessened hypothalamic Il6 receptor alpha (Il6ra), Pomc and Crh mRNA were observed. Il6 deficiency during this stage up-regulated Npy and Agrp expression, while restoring Pomc mRNA levels to virgin values. Together these results demonstrate that IL6/IL6Ra system modulates Npy/Agrp, Pomc and Trh expression during mouse pregnancy, supporting a role of IL6 in the central regulation of body fat in this physiological state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Pazos
- Department of Physiology/Research Center of Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Luis Lima
- Department of Physiology/Research Center of Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Felipe F. Casanueva
- Department of Physiology/Research Center of Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología Molecular y Celular, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- Department of Physiology/Research Center of Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María C. García
- Department of Physiology/Research Center of Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- * E-mail:
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IL-11, IL-1α, IL-6, and TNF-α are induced by solar radiation in vitro and may be involved in facial subcutaneous fat loss in vivo. J Dermatol Sci 2013; 71:58-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2013.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Younis S, Rosner I, Rimar D, Boulman N, Rozenbaum M, Odeh M, Slobodin G. Weight change during pharmacological blockade of interleukin-6 or tumor necrosis factor-α in patients with inflammatory rheumatic disorders: a 16-week comparative study. Cytokine 2012; 61:353-5. [PMID: 23228348 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Revised: 10/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin (IL)-6 -/- mice develop spontaneous mature onset obesity, while the influence of the pharmacological blockade of IL-6 on body weight in humans has not been previously reported. The aim of the present study was to observe weight change in patients treated with tocilizumab (TCZ). METHODS Twenty-one consecutive patients who started new treatment with TCZ were enrolled in the study. Sixteen consecutive patients who started treatment with infliximab (IFX) formed the control group. Height and weight of all patients were registered and Body Mass Index (BMI) calculated before the first treatment and at week 16. The Mann-Whitney or paired Wilcoxon test were used for comparisons between or within groups, respectively. RESULTS The study demonstrated that treatment with TCZ was accompanied with significant weight gain and BMI increase (p=0.04), while IFX treatment did not result in any significant weight change during the 16-week period. CONCLUSIONS Weight gain can be seen in some patients during the pharmacological blockade of IL-6. The phenomenon and metabolic pathways involved should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Younis
- Rheumatology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
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Munkonda MN, Lapointe M, Miegueu P, Roy C, Gauvreau D, Richard D, Cianflone K. Recombinant acylation stimulating protein administration to C3-/- mice increases insulin resistance via adipocyte inflammatory mechanisms. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46883. [PMID: 23056509 PMCID: PMC3466186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Complement 3 (C3), a key component of the innate immune system, is involved in early inflammatory responses. Acylation stimulating protein (ASP; aka C3adesArg), a C3 cleavage product, is produced in adipose tissue and stimulates lipid storage. We hypothesized that, depending on the diet, chronic ASP administration in C3−/− mice would affect lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity via an adaptive adipose tissue inflammatory response. Methodology/Principal Findings C3−/− mice on normal low fat diet (ND) or high fat diet (HFD) were chronically administered recombinant ASP (rASP) for 25 days via an osmotic mini-pump. While there was no effect on food intake, there was a decrease in activity, with a relative increase in adipose tissue weight on ND, and a shift in adipocyte size distribution. While rASP administration to C3−/− mice on a ND increased insulin sensitivity, on a HFD, rASP administration had the opposite effect. Specifically, rASP administration in C3−/− HFD mice resulted in decreased gene expression of IRS1, GLUT4, SREBF1 and NFκB in muscle, and decreased C5L2 but increased JNK, CD36, CD11c, CCR2 and NFκB gene expression in adipose tissue as well as increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (Rantes, KC, MCP-1, IL-6 and G-CSF). In adipose tissue, although IRS1 and GLUT4 mRNA were unchanged, insulin response was reduced. Conclusion The effects of chronic rASP administration are tissue and diet specific, rASP administration enhances the HFD induced inflammatory response leading to an insulin-resistant state. These results suggest that, in humans, the increased plasma ASP associated with obesity and cardiovascular disease could be an additional factor directly contributing to development of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Nancy Munkonda
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc Lapointe
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre Miegueu
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Christian Roy
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Danny Gauvreau
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Denis Richard
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Katherine Cianflone
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Fisette A, Munkonda MN, Oikonomopoulou K, Paglialunga S, Lambris JD, Cianflone K. C5L2 receptor disruption enhances the development of diet-induced insulin resistance in mice. Immunobiology 2012; 218:127-33. [PMID: 22622332 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acylation stimulating protein (ASP) is a hormone secreted by the adipose tissue that has been shown to increase triglyceride storage and glucose transport in adipocytes. These effects are mediated by C5L2 receptor, which has also been associated with inflammatory effects. C5L2 deficient mice on a low-fat diet are hyperphagic yet lean due to increased energy expenditure. The present study assessed insulin sensitivity and metabolic and inflammatory changes in C5L2KO mice vs WT in diet-induced obesity. METHODS We placed C5L2KO and WT mice on a diabetogenic diet for 12 weeks and examined in vivo and ex vivo metabolism. RESULTS C5L2KO mice on a diabetogenic diet exhibit decreased insulin sensitivity. Whole body substrate partitioning is evidenced through increased glucose uptake by the liver and decreased uptake by adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Lipid content of both liver and skeletal muscle was higher in C5L2KO mice vs WT. Furthermore, elevated levels of macrophage markers were found in adipose tissue, liver and skeletal muscle of C5L2KO mice vs WT. Several inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, MIP-1α and KC were also elevated in plasma of C5L2KO mice vs WT. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we demonstrated that C5L2KO mice fed a diabetogenic diet develop more severe insulin resistance than WT mice through altered substrate partitioning, ectopic fat deposition and a pro-inflammatory phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Fisette
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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Benrick A, Wallenius V, Asterholm IW. Interleukin-6 mediates exercise-induced increase in insulin sensitivity in mice. Exp Physiol 2012; 97:1224-35. [PMID: 22523382 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2012.065508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is released from working skeletal muscle during exercise. We investigated the acute and the long-term beneficial effects of IL-6 on exercise-induced glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and insulin sensitivity. The acute effect on exercise-induced glucose uptake was measured in IL-6-deficient (IL-6(-/-)) mice and wild-type control animals using a tracer technique. There was no difference in serum disappearance of (3)[H]2-deoxyglucose after a single bout of exercise between IL-6(-/-) and wild-type mice (13565 ± 426 versus 14343 ± 1309 d.p.m. min ml(-1), P = 0.5). The glucose uptake rate in the extensor digitorum longus muscle was, however, lower in IL-6(-/-) compared with wild-type mice (398 ± 44 versus 657 ± 41 nmol g(-1) min(-1), P < 0.01). In a long-term study, we monitored insulin sensitivity, serum retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP-4) levels, running activity, food intake, body weight and body composition in IL-6(-/-) and wild-type mice on a high-fat diet (HFD), with or without access to running wheels. In sedentary IL-6(-/-) and wild-type mice, the HFD decreased insulin sensitivity (glucose area under the concentration-time curve increased about 20% during an insulin tolerance test, P < 0.05 for both genotypes versus baseline) and led to a 30% increase in serum RBP-4 levels (P < 0.01 for both genotypes versus baseline). Wild-type mice with access to running wheels were protected against these effects of the HFD and maintained their baseline insulin sensitivity and serum RBP-4 levels. In contrast, IL-6(-/-) mice did not benefit from running to the same extent as wild-type animals. The IL-6(-/-) mice with access to running wheels had a similar decrease in insulin sensitivity to their sedentary littermates (glucose area under the concentration-time curve during an insulin tolerance test in runners versus sedentary IL-6(-/-) HFD mice, 312 ± 14 versus 340 ± 22 mmol min l(-1), P = 0.4) and displayed a 14% increase in serum RBP-4 compared with baseline levels (P < 0.01). Our results indicate that endogenous IL-6 contributes to the exercise-induced increase in insulin sensitivity, but plays only a minor role for glucose uptake into skeletal muscle during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Benrick
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology/ Endocrinology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Engineer DR, Garcia JM. Leptin in anorexia and cachexia syndrome. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDES 2012; 2012:287457. [PMID: 22518191 PMCID: PMC3303568 DOI: 10.1155/2012/287457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Revised: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Leptin is a product of the obese (OB) gene secreted by adipocytes in proportion to fat mass. It decreases food intake and increases energy expenditure by affecting the balance between orexigenic and anorexigenic hypothalamic pathways. Low leptin levels are responsible for the compensatory increase in appetite and body weight and decreased energy expenditure (EE) following caloric deprivation. The anorexia-cachexia syndrome is a complication of many chronic conditions including cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure, chronic kidney disease, and aging, where the decrease in body weight and food intake is not followed by a compensatory increase in appetite or decreased EE. Crosstalk between leptin and inflammatory signaling known to be activated in these conditions may be responsible for this paradox. This manuscript will review the evidence and potential mechanisms mediating changes in the leptin pathway in the setting of anorexia and cachexia associated with chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana R. Engineer
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Baylor College of Medicine, 2002 Holcombe Boulevored, Building 109, Room 210, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism, St Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jose M. Garcia
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Baylor College of Medicine, 2002 Holcombe Boulevored, Building 109, Room 210, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Huffington Center of Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Smith JD, Cianflone K, Martin J, Poirier P, Broderick TL, Noël M. Plasma adipokine and hormone changes in mountaineers on ascent to 5300 meters. Wilderness Environ Med 2011; 22:107-14. [PMID: 21664558 DOI: 10.1016/j.wem.2011.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Revised: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study evaluated multiple metabolic and inflammatory hormone responses in recreational climbers (7 men and 3 women, age 26-49 years) over 9 days. In particular, acylation-stimulating protein (ASP), which influences fat storage in adipose tissue, has not been measured at high altitude. METHODS Serial measurements were taken at sea level (SL), or 353 m, on day 0, 4000 m on day 3, 4750 m on day 6, and 5300 m on day 9 of the expedition. RESULTS Body mass index (BMI) decreased upon ascent to 5300 m from SL (SL 23.2 ± 1.5 kg/m(2); 4000 m 23.2 ± 1.4 kg/m(2); 4750 m 22.9 ± 1.3 kg/m(2); 5300 m 22.3 ± 1.2 kg/m(2); P<.001). Similarly, plasma non-esterified fatty acids and triglycerides increased, while HDL cholesterol decreased (P<.05 to <.001) from SL to 5300 m. Acylation-stimulating protein (SL 42.2 ± 40.2 nm; 4000 m 117.0 ± 69.6 nm; 4750 m 107.9 ± 44.5 nm; 5300 m 82.2 ± 20.2 nm; P=.019) and adiponectin (SL 10.4 ± 6.5 ng/mL, 4000 m 13.9 ± 8.5 ng/mL, 4750 m 18.3 ± 8.3 ng/mL, 5300 m 14.7 ± 8.0 ng/mL; P=.015) increased, as did insulin and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels (up to 71% and 168%, respectively; P<.05) with no change in leptin, complement C3 (C3), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) or cortisol levels throughout the mountain ascent from SL to 5300 m. CONCLUSION Acylation-stimulating protein and adiponectin are increased during a 9-day period of high altitude (SL to 5300 m) exposure despite weight loss in healthy mountaineers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica D Smith
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
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Robertson SA, Christiaens I, Dorian CL, Zaragoza DB, Care AS, Banks AM, Olson DM. Interleukin-6 is an essential determinant of on-time parturition in the mouse. Endocrinology 2010; 151:3996-4006. [PMID: 20610570 DOI: 10.1210/en.2010-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-6 abundance in amniotic fluid and uterine tissues increases in late gestation or with infection-associated preterm labor. A role in regulation of labor onset is suggested by observations that IL-6 increases expression of genes controlling prostaglandin synthesis and signaling in isolated uterine cells, but whether IL-6 is essential for normal parturition is unknown. To evaluate the physiological role of IL-6 in parturition in mice, we investigated the effect of Il6 null mutation on the timing of parturition and expression of genes associated with uterine activation. Il6 null mutant mice delivered 24 h later than wild-type mice, although circulating progesterone fell similarly in both genotypes during the prepartal period. Il6 null mutant mice were also refractory to low doses of lipopolysaccharide sufficient to induce preterm delivery in wild-type mice. The characteristic late-gestation elevation in uterine expression of Oxtr mRNA encoding oxytocin receptor, and peripartal increases in Ptgfr and Ptgs2 mRNAs regulating prostaglandin synthesis and signaling were delayed by 24 h in Il6 null mutant mice. Conversely, Ptger4 mRNA encoding the prostaglandin E receptor-4 was abnormally elevated in late-gestation in Il6 null mutant mice. Administration of recombinant IL-6 from d 11.5 postcoitum until term restored the normal timing of delivery and normalized Ptger4 mRNA expression in late gestation. We conclude that IL-6 has a key role in controlling the progression of events culminating in parturition and that it acts downstream of luteolysis in the uterus to regulate genes involved in the prostaglandin-mediated uterine activation cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Robertson
- Robinson Institute, School of Pediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
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15
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Fisette A, Cianflone K. The ASP and C5L2 pathway: another bridge between inflammation and metabolic homeostasis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.10.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Paglialunga S, Fisette A, Munkonda M, Gao Y, Richard D, Cianflone K. The effects of acylation stimulating protein supplementation VS antibody neutralization on energy expenditure in wildtype mice. BMC PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 10:4. [PMID: 20416070 PMCID: PMC2875207 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6793-10-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2009] [Accepted: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acylation stimulating protein (ASP) is an adipogenic hormone that stimulates triglyceride (TG) synthesis and glucose transport in adipocytes. Previous studies have shown that ASP-deficient C3 knockout mice are hyperphagic yet lean, as they display increased oxygen consumption and fatty acid oxidation compared to wildtype mice. In the present study, antibodies against ASP (Anti-ASP) and human recombinant ASP (rASP) were tested in vitro and in vivo. Continuous administration for 4 weeks via osmotic mini-pump of Anti-ASP or rASP was evaluated in wildtype mice on a high-fat diet (HFD) to examine their effects on body weight, food intake and energy expenditure. RESULTS In mature murine adipocytes, rASP significantly stimulated fatty acid uptake (+243% vs PBS, P < 0.05) while Anti-ASP neutralized the rASP response. Mice treated with Anti-ASP showed elevated energy expenditure (P < 0.0001), increased skeletal muscle glucose oxidation (+141%, P < 0.001), reduced liver glycogen (-34%, P < 0.05) and glucose-6-phosphate content (-64%, P = 0.08) compared to control mice. There was no change in body weight, food intake, fasting insulin, adiponectin, CRP or TG levels compared to controls. Interestingly, HFD mice treated with rASP showed the opposite phenotype with reduced energy expenditure (P < 0.0001) and increased body weight (P < 0.05), cumulative food intake (P < 0.0001) and liver glycogen content (+59%, P < 0.05). Again, there was no change in circulating insulin, adiponectin, CRP or TG levels, however, plasma free fatty acids were reduced (-48%, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION In vitro, Anti-ASP effectively neutralized ASP stimulated fatty acid uptake. In vivo, Anti-ASP treatment increased whole body energy utilization while rASP increased energy storage. Therefore, ASP is a potent anabolic hormone that may also be a mediator of energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Paglialunga
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
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Interleukin 4 receptor is associated with an increase in body mass index in Koreans. Life Sci 2008; 82:1040-3. [PMID: 18433792 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2008.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2007] [Revised: 03/09/2008] [Accepted: 03/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A body of evidence indicates obesity is an inflammatory state with chronic activation of the immune system. The interleukin 4 receptor (IL4R) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs 180275 (1902A>G) is well recognized for its association with atopy and other inflammatory diseases. We assessed the possible association of rs 180275 and rs 1805010 with obesity in Korean population. Study subject consisting of 876 Koreans were divided into three groups: subjects with 1) BMI<25, 2) BMI between 25 and 27, and 3) BMI>27. Analyses of genotype distributions and allele frequencies of study subjects revealed that rs 180275 polymorphism was associated with an increase in BMI in Korean population (P=0.009 and 0.011, respectively) while no association was found between rs 1805010 and obesity. We observed significantly lower percentage of rs 180275 G allele in subjects with BMI>27 than in subjects with BMI< or =27 (9.9% vs. 16.0%). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the odds ratio (OR) for an increase in BMI associated with the G vs. A allele was 0.57 [95% Confidence interval (CI)=0.39-0.85, p=0.002], which strongly implicates the protective role of rs 180275 G allele against an increase in BMI. Haplotype analysis revealed no association was present between rs 180275 and rs 1805010 polymorphisms. The frequency of rs 180275 G allele is significantly lower in subjects with BMI>27, suggesting the protective role of IL4R rs 180275 G allele against an increase in BMI in Korean population.
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Paglialunga S, Fisette A, Yan Y, Deshaies Y, Brouillette JF, Pekna M, Cianflone K. Acylation-stimulating protein deficiency and altered adipose tissue in alternative complement pathway knockout mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2008; 294:E521-9. [PMID: 18160458 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00590.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Acylation-stimulating protein (C3adesArg/ASP) is an adipokine that acts on its receptor C5L2 to stimulate triglyceride (TG) synthesis in adipose tissue. The present study investigated ASP levels in mouse models of obesity and leanness and the effect of ASP deficiency in C3 knockout (C3KO) mice on adipose tissue morphology. Plasma ASP levels in wild-type (WT) mice correlated positively with plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) (R = 0.664, P < 0.001) and total cholesterol (R = 0.515, P < 0.001). Plasma ASP was increased by 85% in obese ob/ob leptin-deficient mice and decreased in lean diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) KO mice (-54%) and C/EBPalpha(beta/beta) transgenic mice (-70%) compared with WT. Mice lacking alternative complement factor B or adipsin (FBKO or ADKO), required for ASP production, were also ASP deficient. Both FBKO and C3KO mice had delayed postprandial TG and NEFA clearance on low-fat (LF) and high-fat (HF) diets, suggesting that lack of ASP, not C3, drives the metabolic phenotype. Adipocyte size distribution in C3KO mice was polarized (increased number of both small and large cells), with decreased adipsin expression (-33% gonadal HF), DGAT1 expression (-31% to -50%) and DGAT activity (-41%). Overall, a reduction/deficiency in ASP is associated with an antiadipogenic state and ASP may provide a target for controlling fat storage.
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Salome N, Tasiemski A, Dutriez I, Wigger A, Landgraf R, Viltart O. Immune challenge induces differential corticosterone and interleukin-6 responsiveness in rats bred for extremes in anxiety-related behavior. Neuroscience 2007; 151:1112-8. [PMID: 18207648 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2007] [Revised: 11/15/2007] [Accepted: 12/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Disturbances in mood such as anxiety and depression are often associated with altered hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity, but also with changes in cytokine production, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), an essential immune factor produced by macrophages and lymphocytes during inflammatory processes. The reciprocal relationship between the HPA axis and the immune system is now well established. In order to understand better the endocrine reactivity of anxious individuals faced with an immune challenge, a model of innate anxiety-related behavior, HAB and LAB rats (HABs, high and LABs, low anxiety-related behavior) was used in this study. We sought to determine whether injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced a differential HPA axis reactivity and plasma IL-6 release in HABs and LABs. After LPS injection, the plasma adrenal corticotrophic hormone increase did not differ between HABs and LABs, whereas a larger increase in plasma corticosterone levels occurred in HABs than in LABs at 2 h after injection. Moreover, basal IL-6 levels were lower in HABs than in LABs, leading to a higher IL-6 2 h/basal ratio in HABs. In conclusion, we propose for the first time a link between the endocrine and immune systems of HABs and LABs and suggest that IL-6 could be a neuroendocrine correlate of trait anxiety in HABs.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Salome
- Département Neurosciences et Physiologie Adaptatives, Université de Lille I, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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20
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Cui W, Paglialunga S, Kalant D, Lu H, Roy C, Laplante M, Deshaies Y, Cianflone K. Acylation-stimulating protein/C5L2-neutralizing antibodies alter triglyceride metabolism in vitro and in vivo. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2007; 293:E1482-91. [PMID: 17711993 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00565.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acylation-stimulating protein (ASP), a lipogenic hormone, stimulates triglyceride (TG) synthesis and glucose transport upon activation of C5L2, a G protein-coupled receptor. ASP-deficient mice have reduced adipose tissue mass due to increased energy expenditure despite increased food intake. The objective of this study was to evaluate the blocking of ASP-C5L2 interaction via neutralizing antibodies (anti-ASP and anti-C5L2-L1 against C5L2 extracellular loop 1). In vitro, anti-ASP and anti-C5L2-L1 blocked ASP binding to C5L2 and efficiently inhibited ASP stimulation of TG synthesis and glucose transport. In vivo, neither anti-ASP nor anti-C5L2-L1 altered body weight, adipose tissue mass, food intake, or hormone levels (insulin, leptin, and adiponectin), but they did induce a significant delay in TG clearance [P < 0.0001, 2-way repeated-measures (RM) ANOVA] and NEFA clearance (P < 0.0001, 2-way RM ANOVA) after a fat load. After treatment with either anti-ASP or anti-C5L2-L1 antibody there was no change in adipose tissue AMPK activity, but neutralizing antibodies decreased perirenal TG mass (-38.4% anti-ASP, -18.8% anti-C5L2, P < 0.01-0.001) and perirenal LPL activity (-75.6% anti-ASP, -72.5% anti-C5L2, P < 0.05). In liver, anti-C5L2-L1 decreased TG mass (-42.8%, P < 0.05), whereas anti-ASP increased AMPK activity (+34.6%, P < 0.001). In the muscle, anti-C5L2-L1 significantly increased TG mass (+128.0%, P < 0.05), LPL activity (+226.1%, P < 0.001), and AMPK activity (+71.1%, P < 0.01). In addition, anti-ASP increased LPL activity (+164.4, P < 0.05) and AMPK activity (+53.9%, P < 0.05) in muscle. ASP/C5L2-neutralizing antibodies effectively block ASP-C5L2 interaction, altering lipid distribution and energy utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cui
- Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Galle P, Jensen L, Andersson C, Cuzzocrea S, Di Paola R, Nicoletti F, Svenson M, Bendtzen K, Thomsen AR, Hansen MB. Vaccination with IL-6 analogues induces autoantibodies to IL-6 and influences experimentally induced inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2007; 7:1704-13. [PMID: 17996680 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2007.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2007] [Revised: 08/16/2007] [Accepted: 08/31/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
IL-6 is involved in inflammation and a therapeutic target. 0.1% of Danish blood donors have nanomolar plasma concentrations of polyclonal, picomolar affinity and in vitro as well as in vivo neutralizing IgG autoantibodies to IL-6 (aAb-IL-6). Such donors are assumed to be severely IL-6 deficient; yet they appear healthy and do not exhibit overt clinical or laboratory abnormalities. We induced comparable levels of aAb-IL-6 in different mouse strains by vaccination with immunogenic IL-6 analogues. We observed that the induced aAb-IL-6 protected against collagen-induced arthritis and experimental allergic encephalitis. Furthermore, aAb-IL-6 carrying mice displayed increased plasma TNFalpha concentrations upon challenge with LPS. Taken together, induction of IL-6 autoantibodies was possible in different mouse strains. The autoantibodies influenced experimental inflammation. This immunotherapeutic principle might be a viable alternative in immune competent humans suffering from disorders driven by IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Galle
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, National University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Abstract
Just as the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is not a static barrier, the adipocytes are not inert storage depots. Adipokines are peptides or polypeptides produced by white adipose tissue; they play important roles in normal physiology as well as in the metabolic syndrome. Adipokines secreted into the circulation can interact with the BBB and exert potent CNS effects. The specific transport systems for two important adipokines, leptin and tumor necrosis factor alpha, have been characterized during the past decade. By contrast, transforming growth factor beta-1 and adiponectin do not show specific permeation across the BBB, but modulate endothelial functions. Still others, like interleukin-6, may reach the brain but are rapidly degraded. This review summarizes current knowledge and recent findings of the rapidly growing family of adipokines and their interactions with the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Pan
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, United States.
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