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Spinelli FR, Berti R, Farina G, Ceccarelli F, Conti F, Crescioli C. Exercise-induced modulation of Interferon-signature: a therapeutic route toward management of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Autoimmun Rev 2023; 22:103412. [PMID: 37597604 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystemic autoimmune disorder characterized by flares-ups/remissions with a complex clinical picture related to disease severity and organ/tissue injury, which, if left untreated, may result in permanent damage. Enhanced fatigue and pain perception, worsened quality of life (QoL) and outcome are constant, albeit symptoms may differ. An aberrant SLE immunoprofiling, note as "interferon (IFN)α-signature", is acknowledged to break immunotolerance. Recently, a deregulated "IFNγ-signature" is suggested to silently precede/trigger IFNα profile before clinical manifestations. IFNα- and IFNγ-over-signaling merge in cytokine/chemokine overexpression exacerbating autoimmunity. Remission achievement and QoL improvement are the main goals. The current therapy (i.e., corticosteroids, immunosuppressants) aims to downregulate immune over-response. Exercise could be a safe treatment due to its ever-emerging ability to shape and re-balance immune system without harmful side-effects; in addition, it improves cardiorespiratory capacity and musculoskeletal strength/power, usually impaired in SLE. Nevertheless, exercise is not yet included in SLE care plans. Furthermore, due to the fear to worsening pain/fatigue, SLE subjects experience kinesiophobia and sedentary lifestyle, worsening physical health. Training SLE patients to exercise is mandatory to fight inactive behavior and ameliorate health. This review aims to focus the attention on the role of exercise as a non-pharmacological therapy in SLE, considering its ability to mitigate IFN-signature and rebalance (auto)immune response. To this purpose, the significance of IFNα- and IFNγ-signaling in SLE etiopathogenesis will be addressed first and discussed thereafter as biotarget of exercise. Comments are addressed on the need to make aware all SLE care professional figures to promote exercise for health patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Romana Spinelli
- Sapienza Università di Roma, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Internistiche, Anestesiologiche e Cardiovascolari-Reumatologia, Roma, Italy
| | - Riccardo Berti
- University of Rome Foro Italico, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Farina
- University of Rome Foro Italico, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Fulvia Ceccarelli
- Sapienza Università di Roma, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Internistiche, Anestesiologiche e Cardiovascolari-Reumatologia, Roma, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Conti
- Sapienza Università di Roma, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Internistiche, Anestesiologiche e Cardiovascolari-Reumatologia, Roma, Italy
| | - Clara Crescioli
- University of Rome Foro Italico, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Rome, Italy.
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Gallo D, Baci D, Kustrimovic N, Lanzo N, Patera B, Tanda ML, Piantanida E, Mortara L. How Does Vitamin D Affect Immune Cells Crosstalk in Autoimmune Diseases? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054689. [PMID: 36902117 PMCID: PMC10003699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a secosteroid hormone that is highly involved in bone health. Mounting evidence revealed that, in addition to the regulation of mineral metabolism, vitamin D is implicated in cell proliferation and differentiation, vascular and muscular functions, and metabolic health. Since the discovery of vitamin D receptors in T cells, local production of active vitamin D was demonstrated in most immune cells, addressing the interest in the clinical implications of vitamin D status in immune surveillance against infections and autoimmune/inflammatory diseases. T cells, together with B cells, are seen as the main immune cells involved in autoimmune diseases; however, growing interest is currently focused on immune cells of the innate compartment, such as monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells in the initiation phases of autoimmunity. Here we reviewed recent advances in the onset and regulation of Graves' and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, vitiligo, and multiple sclerosis in relation to the role of innate immune cells and their crosstalk with vitamin D and acquired immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gallo
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Denisa Baci
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Natasa Kustrimovic
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease—CAAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Nicola Lanzo
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Bohdan Patera
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Tanda
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Eliana Piantanida
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Mortara
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Vitamin D as a Shield against Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054546. [PMID: 36901976 PMCID: PMC10002864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging can be seen as a physiological progression of biomolecular damage and the accumulation of defective cellular components, which trigger and amplify the process, toward whole-body function weakening. Senescence initiates at the cellular level and consists in an inability to maintain homeostasis, characterized by the overexpression/aberrant expression of inflammatory/immune/stress responses. Aging is associated with significant modifications in immune system cells, toward a decline in immunosurveillance, which, in turn, leads to chronic elevation of inflammation/oxidative stress, increasing the risk of (co)morbidities. Albeit aging is a natural and unavoidable process, it can be regulated by some factors, like lifestyle and diet. Nutrition, indeed, tackles the mechanisms underlying molecular/cellular aging. Many micronutrients, i.e., vitamins and elements, can impact cell function. This review focuses on the role exerted by vitamin D in geroprotection, based on its ability to shape cellular/intracellular processes and drive the immune response toward immune protection against infections and age-related diseases. To this aim, the main biomolecular paths underlying immunosenescence and inflammaging are identified as biotargets of vitamin D. Topics such as heart and skeletal muscle cell function/dysfunction, depending on vitamin D status, are addressed, with comments on hypovitaminosis D correction by food and supplementation. Albeit research has progressed, still limitations exist in translating knowledge into clinical practice, making it necessary to focus attention on the role of vitamin D in aging, especially considering the growing number of older individuals.
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Gallo D, Bruno A, Gallazzi M, Cattaneo SAM, Veronesi G, Genoni A, Tanda ML, Bartalena L, Passi A, Piantanida E, Mortara L. Immunomodulatory role of vitamin D and selenium supplementation in newly diagnosed Graves' disease patients during methimazole treatment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1145811. [PMID: 37124743 PMCID: PMC10141462 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1145811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Methimazole (MMI) represents the conventional therapeutic agent for Graves' disease (GD) hyperthyroidism, but MMI efficacy is limited since it marginally affects the underlying autoimmune process. In a previous study, we randomly assigned 42 newly diagnosed GD patients with insufficient vitamin D (VitD) and selenium (Se) levels to treatment with MMI alone (standard) or combined with selenomethionine and cholecalciferol (intervention) and observed a prompter resolution of hyperthyroidism in the intervention group. Methods In the present study, we aimed to explore changes in peripheral T regulatory (Treg) and circulating natural killer (NK) cell frequency, circulating NK cell subset distribution and function, during treatment. Results At baseline, circulating total CD3-CD56+NK cells and CD56bright NK cells were significantly higher in GD patients than in healthy controls (HC) (15.7 ± 9.6% vs 9.9 ± 5.6%, p=0.001; 12.2 ± 10.3% vs 7.3 ± 4.1%, p=0.02, respectively); no differences emerged in Treg cell frequency. Frequencies of total NK cells and CD56bright NK cells expressing the activation marker CD69 were significantly higher in GD patients than in HC, while total NK cells and CD56dim NK cells expressing CD161 (inhibitory receptor) were significantly lower. When co-cultured with the K562 target cell, NK cells from GD patients had a significantly lower degranulation ability compared to HC (p<0.001). Following 6 months of treatment, NK cells decreased in both the intervention and MMI-alone groups, but significantly more in the intervention group (total NK: -10.3%, CI 95% -15.8; -4.8% vs -3.6%, CI 95% -9; 1.8%, p=0.09 and CD56bright NK cells: -6.5%, CI 95% -10.1; -3 vs -0.9%, CI 95% -4.4; 2%, p=0.03). Compared to baseline, CD69+ NK cells significantly decreased, while degranulation ability slightly improved, although no differences emerged between the two treatment groups. Compared to baseline, Treg cell frequency increased exclusively in the intervention group (+1.1%, CI 95% 0.4; 1.7%). Discussion This pilot study suggested that VitD and Se supplementation, in GD patients receiving MMI treatment, modulates Treg and NK cell frequency, favoring a more pronounced reduction of NK cells and the increase of Treg cells, compared to MMI alone. Even if further studies are needed, it is possible to speculate that this immunomodulatory action might have facilitated the prompter and better control of hyperthyroidism in the supplemented group observed in the previous study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gallo
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale dei Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Antonino Bruno
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Gallazzi
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Veronesi
- Research Centre in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Angelo Genoni
- Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale dei Sette Laghi, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Tanda
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale dei Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Luigi Bartalena
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale dei Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Alberto Passi
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemical Analysis, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria dei Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Eliana Piantanida
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale dei Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Mortara
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- *Correspondence: Lorenzo Mortara,
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Perazzi M, Gallina E, Manfredi GF, Patrucco F, Acquaviva A, Colangelo D, Pirisi M, Bellan M. Vitamin D in Systemic Sclerosis: A Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14193908. [PMID: 36235561 PMCID: PMC9573213 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: In the present paper we aimed to review the evidence about the potential implication of vitamin D in the pathogenesis and management of systemic sclerosis (SSc); (2) Methods: we performed a review of the literature looking for studies evaluating the potential role of vitamin D and its analogs in SSc. We searched the PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Cochrane libraries using the following strings: (vitamin D OR cholecalciferol) AND (systemic sclerosis OR scleroderma). We included cohort studies, case-control studies, randomized controlled trials, and observational studies. (3) Results: we identified nine pre-clinical and 21 clinical studies. Pre-clinical data suggest that vitamin D and its analogs may suppress fibrogenesis. Clinical data are concordant in reporting a high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D and osteoporosis in SSc patients; data about the association with clinical manifestations and phenotypes of SSc are, conversely, far less consistent; (4) Conclusions: in vitro data suggest that vitamin D may play an antifibrotic role in SSc, but clinical data confirming this finding are currently lacking. Hypovitaminosis D is common among SSc patients and should be treated to reduce the risk of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Perazzi
- Department of Translational Medicine (DIMET), Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, “AOU Maggiore della Carità”, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Enrico Gallina
- Department of Translational Medicine (DIMET), Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, “AOU Maggiore della Carità”, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Giulia Francesca Manfredi
- Department of Translational Medicine (DIMET), Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, “AOU Maggiore della Carità”, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Filippo Patrucco
- Department of Translational Medicine (DIMET), Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, “AOU Maggiore della Carità”, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Antonio Acquaviva
- Department of Translational Medicine (DIMET), Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, “AOU Maggiore della Carità”, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Donato Colangelo
- Department of Health Sciences (DSS), Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Mario Pirisi
- Department of Translational Medicine (DIMET), Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, “AOU Maggiore della Carità”, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Mattia Bellan
- Department of Translational Medicine (DIMET), Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, “AOU Maggiore della Carità”, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0321-3737512
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Cao Y, Zhao X, You R, Zhang Y, Qu C, Huang Y, Yu Y, Gong Y, Cong T, Zhao E, Zhang L, Gao Y, Zhang J. CD11c+ B Cells Participate in the Pathogenesis of Graves’ Disease by Secreting Thyroid Autoantibodies and Cytokines. Front Immunol 2022; 13:836347. [PMID: 35386700 PMCID: PMC8977450 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.836347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Graves’ disease (GD) is a common autoimmune disorder with an elevation in pathogenic autoantibodies, specifically anti-thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAbs), which are secreted by autoreactive B cells. To date, there has been little research on self-reactive B cells in GD. In the current study, we reported that a unique B-cell subset, CD11c+ B cells, was expanded in the peripheral blood (PB) of GD patients, as detected by flow cytometry. The frequency of CD11c+ B cells was positively correlated with serum TRAb levels. The flow cytometry data showed that CD11c expression was higher in a variety of B-cell subsets and that CD11c+ B cells presented a distinct immunophenotype compared to paired CD11c- B cells. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining indicated the presence of CD11c+CD19+ B cells in lymphocyte infiltration areas of the GD thyroid. Flow cytometric analysis of PB and fine-needle aspiration (FNA) samples showed that compared to PB CD11c+ B cells, CD11c+ B cells in the thyroid accumulated and further differentiated. We found that CD11c+ B cells from the PB of GD patients were induced to differentiate into autoreactive antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) capable of secreting TRAbs in vitro. Luminex liquid suspension chip detection data showed that CD11c+ B cells also secreted a variety of cytokines, including proinflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory cytokines, and chemokines, which might play roles in regulating the local inflammatory response and infiltration of lymphocytes in the thyroid. In addition, we performed a chemotaxis assay in a Transwell chamber to verify that CD11c+ B cells were recruited by thyroid follicular cells (TFCs) via the CXCR3-CXCL10 axis. In conclusion, our study determined that CD11c+ B cells were involved in the pathogenesis of GD in multiple ways and might represent a promising immunotherapeutic target in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yedi Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ran You
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chenxue Qu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Youyuan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tiechuan Cong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing, China
| | - Enmin Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing, China
| | - Lanbo Zhang
- Breast Disease Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Gao,
| | - Junqing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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Sottili M, Filardi T, Cantini G, Cosmi L, Morano S, Luconi M, Lenzi A, Crescioli C. Human cell-based anti-inflammatory effects of rosiglitazone. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:105-114. [PMID: 34170488 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01621-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) participates in diabetes and diabetic cardiomyopathy development from the early stages. Rosiglitazone (RGZ) exhibits anti-inflammatory properties and can target cardiomyocytes secreting CXCL10, under interferon (IFN)γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α challenge. Cardiomyocyte remodeling, CD4 + T cells and dendritic cells (DCs) significantly contribute to the inflammatory milieu underlying and promoting disease development. We aimed to study the effect of RGZ onto inflammation-induced secretion of CXCL10, IFNγ, TNFα, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 by human CD4 + T and DCs, and onto IFNγ/TNFα-dependent signaling in human cardiomyocytes associated with chemokine release. METHODS Cells maintained within an inflammatory-like microenvironment were exposed to RGZ at near therapy dose (5 µM). ELISA quantified cytokine secretion; qPCR measured mRNA expression; Western blot analyzed protein expression and activation; immunofluorescent analysis detected intracellular IFNγ/TNFα-dependent trafficking. RESULTS In human CD4 + T cells and DCs, RGZ inhibited CXCL10 release likely with a transcriptional mechanism, and reduced TNFα only in CD4 + T cells. In human cardiomyocytes, RGZ impaired IFNγ/TNFα signal transduction, blocking the phosphorylation/nuclear translocation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (Stat1) and nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB), in association with a significant decrease in CXCL10 expression, IL-6 and IL-8 release. CONCLUSION As the combination of Th1 biomarkers like CXCL10, IL-8, IL-6 with classical cardiovascular risk factors seems to improve the accuracy in predicting T2D and coronary events, future studies might be desirable to further investigate the anti-Th1 effect of RGZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sottili
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - T Filardi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - G Cantini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
- DENOTHE Center of Excellence for Research, Transfer and High Education, University of Florence, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - L Cosmi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - S Morano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - M Luconi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
- DENOTHE Center of Excellence for Research, Transfer and High Education, University of Florence, 50139, Florence, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture E Biosistemi (INBB), viale delle Medaglie d'Oro 305, 00136, Rome, Italy
| | - A Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - C Crescioli
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Section of Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Piazza L. de Bosis 6, 00135, Rome, Italy.
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8
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Wu X, Zhang H, Zhang S, Yuan J, Liu J, Tang J, Li YC, Sun J. Vitamin D receptor is negatively correlated with interferon-γ-inducible protein-10 in systemic lupus erythematosus with renal involvement. EUR J INFLAMM 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2058739220942333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The vitamin D receptor (VDR) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) mainly due to its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. Interferon-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) is a chemokine found to be increased in SLE patients and correlated with severity of lupus nephritis. In this case control study, we investigated the connection between VDR expression and chemokine IP-10 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of SLE patients with or without renal involvement. 62 SLE patients and 30 healthy subjects were enrolled between 2014 and 2016. PBMC VDR mRNA and IP-10 mRNA were quantified by real-time PCR. PBMC VDR protein was measured by Western blotting. PBMC VDR mRNA and protein were downregulated, whereas IP-10 mRNA was upregulated in SLE patients with renal involvement. VDR mRNA levels were negatively correlated with systemic lupus international collaborating clinics (SLICC) renal activity scores (r = −0.423, P = 0.016) and IP-10 mRNA levels (r = −0.428, P = 0.008) in SLE with renal involvement. This study demonstrates that PBMC VDR was negatively correlated with SLICC renal activity and chemokine IP-10 in SLE patients with renal involvement which suggests that VDR downregulation may be used as an indicator of renal injury in SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First People’s Hospital of Changde City, Changde, Hunan, China
| | - Jinzhong Yuan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha,Hunan, China
| | - Jishi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha,Hunan, China
| | - Yan Chun Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha,Hunan, China
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9
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Mele C, Caputo M, Bisceglia A, Samà MT, Zavattaro M, Aimaretti G, Pagano L, Prodam F, Marzullo P. Immunomodulatory Effects of Vitamin D in Thyroid Diseases. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051444. [PMID: 32429416 PMCID: PMC7284826 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a secosteroid with a pleiotropic role in multiple physiological processes. Besides the well-known activity on bone homeostasis, recent studies suggested a peculiar role of vitamin D in different non-skeletal pathways, including a key role in the modulation of immune responses. Recent evidences demonstrated that vitamin D acts on innate and adaptative immunity and seems to exert an immunomodulating action on autoimmune diseases and cancers. Several studies demonstrated a relationship between vitamin D deficiency, autoimmune thyroid disorders, and thyroid cancer. This review aims to summarize the evidences on the immunomodulatory effect of vitamin D on thyroid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Mele
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.M.); (G.A.)
- Division of General Medicine, S. Giuseppe Hospital, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 28824 Verbania, Italy
| | - Marina Caputo
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.C.); (F.P.)
- Division of Endocrinology, University Hospital “Maggiore della Carità”, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.T.S.); (M.Z.)
| | - Alessandro Bisceglia
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.B.); (L.P.)
| | - Maria Teresa Samà
- Division of Endocrinology, University Hospital “Maggiore della Carità”, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.T.S.); (M.Z.)
| | - Marco Zavattaro
- Division of Endocrinology, University Hospital “Maggiore della Carità”, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.T.S.); (M.Z.)
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.B.); (L.P.)
| | - Gianluca Aimaretti
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.M.); (G.A.)
- Division of Endocrinology, University Hospital “Maggiore della Carità”, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.T.S.); (M.Z.)
| | - Loredana Pagano
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.B.); (L.P.)
| | - Flavia Prodam
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.C.); (F.P.)
- Division of Endocrinology, University Hospital “Maggiore della Carità”, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.T.S.); (M.Z.)
| | - Paolo Marzullo
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.M.); (G.A.)
- Division of General Medicine, S. Giuseppe Hospital, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 28824 Verbania, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-03-2351-4436
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10
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Gallo D, Mortara L, Gariboldi MB, Cattaneo SAM, Rosetti S, Gentile L, Noonan DM, Premoli P, Cusini C, Tanda ML, Bartalena L, Piantanida E. Immunomodulatory effect of vitamin D and its potential role in the prevention and treatment of thyroid autoimmunity: a narrative review. J Endocrinol Invest 2020; 43:413-429. [PMID: 31584143 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-019-01123-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The main role of vitamin D is to control mineral homeostasis. However, recent studies suggested the existence of a number of extraskeletal effects. Among the latter, preclinical studies provided consistent data on the involvement of vitamin D in innate and adaptive immunity and autoimmunity. Molecular biology studies showed that both vitamin D receptor and vitamin D enzymatic complexes are expressed in a large number of cells and tissues unrelated to mineral homeostasis. In contrast, only a few randomized clinical trials in humans investigated the possible role of vitamin D in the prevention or treatment of immunological disorders. In this regard, low serum vitamin D levels have been reported in observational trials in human autoimmune disorders. The aim of the present paper was to review the potential implications of vitamin D in immune modulation, with special focus on thyroid autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gallo
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, Viale L. Borri, 57, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - L Mortara
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - M B Gariboldi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - S A M Cattaneo
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine Unit, ASST dei Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - S Rosetti
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, Viale L. Borri, 57, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - L Gentile
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, Viale L. Borri, 57, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - D M Noonan
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- Vascular Biology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Science and Technology Pole (PST), IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy
| | - P Premoli
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, Viale L. Borri, 57, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - C Cusini
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, Viale L. Borri, 57, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - M L Tanda
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, Viale L. Borri, 57, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - L Bartalena
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, Viale L. Borri, 57, 21100, Varese, Italy.
| | - E Piantanida
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, Viale L. Borri, 57, 21100, Varese, Italy.
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11
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Bellan M, Andreoli L, Mele C, Sainaghi PP, Rigamonti C, Piantoni S, De Benedittis C, Aimaretti G, Pirisi M, Marzullo P. Pathophysiological Role and Therapeutic Implications of Vitamin D in Autoimmunity: Focus on Chronic Autoimmune Diseases. Nutrients 2020; 12:E789. [PMID: 32192175 PMCID: PMC7146294 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a pleiotropic secosteroid yielding multiple actions in human physiology. Besides the canonical regulatory activity on bone metabolism, several non-classical actions have been described and the ability of vitamin D to partake in the regulation of the immune system is particularly interesting, though far stronger and convincing evidence has been collected in in vitro as compared to in vivo studies. Whether vitamin D is able to regulate at physiological concentrations the human immune system remains unproven to date. Consequently, it is not established if vitamin D status is a factor involved in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated diseases and if cholecalciferol supplementation acts as an adjuvant for autoimmune diseases. The development of autoimmunity is a heterogeneous process, which may involve different organs and systems with a wide range of clinical implications. In the present paper, we reviewed the current evidences regarding vitamin D role in the pathogenesis and management of different autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Bellan
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.B.); (C.M.); (P.P.S.); (C.R.); (C.D.B.); (G.A.); (M.P.)
- Division of Internal Medicine, “AOU Maggiore della Carità”, 28100 Novara, Italy
- CAAD, Centre for Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Laura Andreoli
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, 25128 Brescia, Italy; (L.A.); (S.P.)
| | - Chiara Mele
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.B.); (C.M.); (P.P.S.); (C.R.); (C.D.B.); (G.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Pier Paolo Sainaghi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.B.); (C.M.); (P.P.S.); (C.R.); (C.D.B.); (G.A.); (M.P.)
- Division of Internal Medicine, “AOU Maggiore della Carità”, 28100 Novara, Italy
- CAAD, Centre for Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Cristina Rigamonti
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.B.); (C.M.); (P.P.S.); (C.R.); (C.D.B.); (G.A.); (M.P.)
- Division of Internal Medicine, “AOU Maggiore della Carità”, 28100 Novara, Italy
- CAAD, Centre for Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Silvia Piantoni
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, 25128 Brescia, Italy; (L.A.); (S.P.)
| | - Carla De Benedittis
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.B.); (C.M.); (P.P.S.); (C.R.); (C.D.B.); (G.A.); (M.P.)
- Division of Internal Medicine, “AOU Maggiore della Carità”, 28100 Novara, Italy
- CAAD, Centre for Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Gianluca Aimaretti
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.B.); (C.M.); (P.P.S.); (C.R.); (C.D.B.); (G.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Mario Pirisi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.B.); (C.M.); (P.P.S.); (C.R.); (C.D.B.); (G.A.); (M.P.)
- Division of Internal Medicine, “AOU Maggiore della Carità”, 28100 Novara, Italy
- CAAD, Centre for Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Paolo Marzullo
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.B.); (C.M.); (P.P.S.); (C.R.); (C.D.B.); (G.A.); (M.P.)
- Division of General Medicine, Ospedale S. Giuseppe, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 28921 Verbania, Italy
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12
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Targeting Age-Dependent Functional and Metabolic Decline of Human Skeletal Muscle: The Geroprotective Role of Exercise, Myokine IL-6, and Vitamin D. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031010. [PMID: 32033000 PMCID: PMC7037081 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the elderly, whole-body health largely relies on healthy skeletal muscle, which controls body stability, locomotion, and metabolic homeostasis. Age-related skeletal muscle structural/functional deterioration is associated with a higher risk of severe comorbid conditions and poorer outcomes, demanding major socioeconomic costs. Thus, the need for efficient so-called geroprotective strategies to improve resilience and ensure a good quality of life in older subjects is urgent. Skeletal muscle senescence and metabolic dysregulation share common cellular/intracellular mechanisms, potentially representing targets for intervention to preserve muscle integrity. Many factors converge in aging, and multifaceted approaches have been proposed as interventions, although they have often been inconclusive. Physical exercise can counteract aging and metabolic deficits, not only in maintaining tissue mass, but also by preserving tissue secretory function. Indeed, skeletal muscle is currently considered a proper secretory organ controlling distant organ functions through immunoactive regulatory small peptides called myokines. This review provides a current perspective on the main biomolecular mechanisms underlying age-dependent and metabolic deterioration of skeletal muscle, herein discussed as a secretory organ, the functional integrity of which largely depends on exercise and myokine release. In particular, muscle-derived interleukin (IL)-6 is discussed as a nutrient-level biosensor. Overall, exercise and vitamin D are addressed as optimal geroprotective strategies in view of their multi-target effects.
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13
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Antinozzi C, Marampon F, Sgrò P, Tombolini V, Lenzi A, Crescioli C, Di Luigi L. Comparative study of testosterone and vitamin D analogue, elocalcitol, on insulin-controlled signal transduction pathway regulation in human skeletal muscle cells. J Endocrinol Invest 2019; 42:897-907. [PMID: 30600434 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-018-0998-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Skeletal muscle (Skm) plays a key role in regulating energetic metabolism through glucose homeostasis. Several hormones such as Testosterone (T) and Vitamin D (VD) have been shown to affect energy-dependent cell trafficking by determining Insulin (I)-like effects. AIM To elucidate possible hormone-related differences on muscular metabolic control, we analyzed and compared the effects of T and elocalcitol (elo), a VD analogue, on the activation of energy-dependent cell trafficking, metabolism-related-signal transduction pathways and transcription of gene downstream targets. METHODS Human fetal skeletal muscle cells (Hfsmc) treated with T or elo were analyzed for GLUT4 localization, phosphorylation/activation status of AKT, ERK1/2, IRS-1 signaling and c-MYC protein expression. RESULTS T, similar to elo, induced GLUT4 protein translocation likely in lipid raft microdomains. While both T and elo induced a rapid IRS-1 phosphorylation, the following dynamic in phosphorylation/activation of AKT and ERK1/2 signaling was different. Moreover, T but not elo increased c-MYC protein expression. CONCLUSIONS All together, our evidence indicates that whether both T and elo are able to affect upstream I-like pathway, they differently determine downstream effects in I-dependent cascade, suggesting diverse physiological roles in mediating I-like response in human skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Antinozzi
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - F Marampon
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00135, Rome, Italy
- Department of Radiotherapy, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - P Sgrò
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - V Tombolini
- Department of Radiotherapy, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - A Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - C Crescioli
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00135, Rome, Italy.
| | - L Di Luigi
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00135, Rome, Italy
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14
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Mick PJ, Peng SA, Loftus JP. Serum Vitamin D Metabolites and CXCL10 Concentrations Associate With Survival in Dogs With Immune Mediated Disease. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:247. [PMID: 31417914 PMCID: PMC6682597 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Low vitamin D increases the risk of immune-mediated disease (IMD) in human beings and rodent models. Vitamin D metabolites, particularly 1,25(OH)2D3, modulate gene expression of immune cells and may attenuate immune pathways that drive IMD. Hypothesis/objectives: Our primary hypothesis was that serum 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3, are reduced in patients with IMD and associate with poorer outcomes. We secondarily hypothesized serum 24,25(OH)2D3 would not be associated with disease or outcome. We also measured serum CXCL10 concentrations to determine if an increase occurs in dogs with IMD and in association with poorer survival. Animals: We enrolled dogs diagnosed with IMD (n = 29) and healthy control dogs (n = 9) in the study with informed client consent. Methods: Serum was collected and stored at −80°C until analyses. Serum vitamin D metabolites were measured by LC-MS/MS by an accredited laboratory. A commercially available canine-specific ELISA kit measured serum CXCL10. Results: Serum 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 were significantly reduced in dogs (n = 25) with IMD. Serum CXCL10 concentrations undetectable in all controls, and were 30 times higher overall in IMD dogs (n = 25; P = 0.004). CXL10 was, however, undetectable in 40% of dogs with IMD. Of the 60% of IMD dogs with increased CXCL10 concentrations, 5/25 had concentrations at the upper limit of quantification. The survival of those five dogs was significantly (P = 0.049) shorter (72 days) than all other dogs with IMD with measured CXCL10 concentrations. The median survival time (MST) for dogs with 25(OH)D3 concentrations ≤ the median was 106 days, while dogs with concentrations of 25(OH)D3 > the median did not achieve an MST. Conclusions and clinical importance: Serum 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3, but not 24,25(OH)2D3 levels are reduced dogs with IMD. Vitamin D metabolites and CXCL10 may be useful prognostic markers and may be targets for adjunct therapy in canine IMD. These data support the future investigation of vitamin D analogs in the treatment of canine IMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip J Mick
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Seth A Peng
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - John P Loftus
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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15
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Sadaka A, Nguyen K, Malik A, Brito R, Berry S, Lee AG. Vitamin D and Selenium in a Thyroid Eye Disease Population in Texas. Neuroophthalmology 2019; 43:291-294. [PMID: 31741672 DOI: 10.1080/01658107.2019.1566382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence of thyroid eye disease association with nutritional deficiencies including selenium and vitamin D. We conducted a retrospective chart review of all patients with clinical diagnosis of TED seen at our clinic from 2016 to 2017. Thirty-five patients met inclusion criteria and had serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels available, and 19 had selenium levels available. 7/35 (20%) patients had vitamin D deficiency, and 11 (31%) had vitamin D insufficiency, but none had selenium deficiency. Although both selenium and vitamin D supplementation have been recommended for TED, further investigation is necessary to justify supplementation for patients with TED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ama Sadaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kimberly Nguyen
- Houston Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Amina Malik
- Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rosbel Brito
- Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shauna Berry
- Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew G Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.,Houston Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Texas Medical Branch and Texas A & M College of Medicine and the UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Galveston, Texas, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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16
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Gilchrist A, Stern PH. Editorial: Chemokines and Bone. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:386. [PMID: 30072949 PMCID: PMC6060257 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Annette Gilchrist
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, United States
| | - Paula H. Stern
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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17
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Vitamin D status and its influence on outcomes following major burn injury and critical illness. BURNS & TRAUMA 2018; 6:11. [PMID: 29721511 PMCID: PMC5910591 DOI: 10.1186/s41038-018-0113-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is common among the general population. It is also observed in up to 76% of critically ill patients. Despite the high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in critical illness, vitamin D is often overlooked by medical staff as the clinical implications and consequences of vitamin D deficiency in acute contexts remain to be fully understood. Vitamin D has a broad range of pleotropic effects on various processes and systems including the immune-inflammatory response. 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), has been shown to promote a tolerogenic immune response limiting deleterious inflammatory effects, modulation of the innate immune system, and enhancement of anti-microbial peptides. Vitamin D deficiency is frequently observed in critically ill patients and has been related to extrinsic causes (i.e., limited sunlight exposure), magnitude of injury/illness, or the treatment started by medical doctors including fluid resuscitation. Low levels of vitamin D in critically ill patients have been associated with sepsis, organ failure, and mortality. Despite this, there are subpopulations of critical illness, such as burn patients, where the literature regarding vitamin D status and its influence on outcomes remain insufficient. Thermal injury results in damage to both burned and non-burned tissues, as well as induces an exaggerated and persistent immune-inflammatory and hypermetabolic response. In this review, we propose potential mechanisms in which burn injury affects the vitamin D status and summarizes current literature investigating the influence of vitamin D status on outcomes. In addition, we reviewed the literature and trials investigating vitamin D supplementation in critically ill patients and discuss the therapeutic potential of vitamin D supplementation in burn and critically ill patients. We also highlight current limitations of studies that have investigated vitamin D status and supplementation in critical illness. Thermal injury influences vitamin D status. More studies investigating vitamin D depletion in burn patients and its influence on prognosis, via standardized methodology, are required to reach definitive conclusions and influence clinical practice.
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18
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Tian WH, Wang Y, Yang R, Hu HB. Effect of Goiter Dispersion Formula on Serum Cytokines in Hyperthyroidism Patients with Neurologic Manifestations of Graves' Disease: A Randomized Trial on 80 Cases. J Altern Complement Med 2018; 24:481-485. [PMID: 29406821 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2017.0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study is aimed to explore the combined use of goiter dispersion formula and antithyroid drugs in the treatment of patients with neurologic manifestations of Graves' disease by examining its modulating effects on patients' cytokines. METHODS A total of 80 patients with Graves' disease were randomly divided into treatment and control groups. Patients of the treatment group received goiter dispersion formula and antithyroid drugs (methimazole or propylthiouracil), whereas those of the control group received antithyroid drug alone. FT3, FT4, and TSH contents were detected by chemiluminescence immunoassay at pre- and post-treatment; interleukin (IL)-2, IL-8, and IL-17 serum levels before and after the treatment were detected by radioimmunoassay; thyroid B-mode ultrasound and liver and renal function tests were performed in all patients of both groups. An additional cohort of 40 healthy subjects was recruited for baseline measurement. RESULTS All the enrolled patients completed the trial. The effective treatment rate was higher in the treatment group than in the control group, of which the difference was statistically significant (treatment group, 95%; control group, 75%, p < 0.01). For blood cytokine, before treatment, IL-2 was reduced whereas IL-8 and IL-17 were increased significantly in both groups of patients with Graves' disease comparing with those in healthy subjects (p < 0.01). For patients of the treatment group, after treatment, their IL-2 levels were increased (p < 0.01) with concomitant decreases in IL-8 and IL-17 levels (p < 0.05). There were no significant changes in blood cytokine levels before and after treatment in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Goiter dispersion formula significantly improved the treatment outcomes of antithyroid drug in hyperthyroidism patients with neurologic manifestations of Graves' disease by modulating IL-2, IL-8, and IL-17. The data supported the rationale for the use of goiter dispersion formula in Graves' disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hong Tian
- 1 Department of Endocrinology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Shanxi , Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Wang
- 2 Department of Chinese Acupuncture, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Shanxi , Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Yang
- 1 Department of Endocrinology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Shanxi , Xi'an, China
| | - Hai-Bing Hu
- 1 Department of Endocrinology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Shanxi , Xi'an, China
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19
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Vanherwegen AS, Gysemans C, Mathieu C. Regulation of Immune Function by Vitamin D and Its Use in Diseases of Immunity. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2017; 46:1061-1094. [PMID: 29080635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Evidence exists for a role for vitamin D and its active metabolites in modulating immune functions. In animal models, vitamin D deficiency is associated with a higher risk for autoimmunity in genetically predisposed subjects and increases in susceptibility to infections. In addition, high-dose vitamin D can improve immune health, prevent autoimmunity, and improve defense against infections. In humans, evidence exists on associations between vitamin D deficiency and impaired immune function, leading to autoimmunity in genetically predisposed people and increased risk for infections; data on therapeutic immune effects of vitamin D supplementation when vitamin D levels are already sufficient are lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Sofie Vanherwegen
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), KU Leuven, O&N1 Herestraat 49 - bus 902, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Conny Gysemans
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), KU Leuven, O&N1 Herestraat 49 - bus 902, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
| | - Chantal Mathieu
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), KU Leuven, O&N1 Herestraat 49 - bus 902, Leuven 3000, Belgium
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20
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Vanherwegen AS, Gysemans C, Mathieu C. Vitamin D endocrinology on the cross-road between immunity and metabolism. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 453:52-67. [PMID: 28461074 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The effects of vitamin D on the immune function have been recognized for more than a quarter of a century. However, our understanding of the multifactorial nature of the effects of vitamin D at the cellular, molecular and metabolic level in different immune cells of the innate and adaptive immune system has dramatically progressed during the last decades. In this review, we summarize the main metabolic pathways preferentially used in different subsets of macrophages, dendritic cells, T and B cells as well as the immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D on these cells. We will highlight the metabolic reprogramming happening in vitamin D-conditioned tolerogenic dendritic cells. A better knowledge of the dynamics of metabolic states in immune subsets and their possible roles in inflammation and autoimmunity may advance the development of novel immunotherapies. Likewise, the implications of effects of vitamin D on immunometabolism may progress our insights in the nature of immune responses in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Sofie Vanherwegen
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, O&N1, Bus 902, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Conny Gysemans
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, O&N1, Bus 902, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Chantal Mathieu
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, O&N1, Bus 902, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Ke W, Sun T, Zhang Y, He L, Wu Q, Liu J, Zha B. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D serum level in Hashimoto's thyroiditis, but not Graves' disease is relatively deficient. Endocr J 2017; 64:581-587. [PMID: 28413173 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej16-0547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a modulator of both the innate and adaptive immune system. As vitamin D deficiency was a risk factor for some autoimmune diseases, we aimed to evaluate the serum vitamin D levels in autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) including Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and investigated the association between serum vitamin D levels and AITD. 175 AITD patients including 51 GD, 61 euthyroid HT (mild HT), 63 euthyroid HT patients with hypothyroidism receiving hormone therapy (treated HT) were recruited from the outpatient department. 51 controls were from the physical checkup center of the hospital. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D levels, thyroid function, antithyroid antibodies, IL-4, IL-17, and TNF-α were determined. Compared with the controls, treated and mild HT patients had significantly lower 25(OH)D levels (45.77±3.48 vs. 83.49±6.24 nmol/L, p<0.001) and (55.25±3.88 vs. 83.49±6.24 nmol/L, p<0.001), respectively. However, GD patients had similar 25(OH)D levels (81.77±5.60 vs. 83.49±6.24 nmol/L, p=0.808). Compared to 24.1% controls with prevalent vitamin D deficiency, mild HT and treated HT patients were significantly different (55.4%, p<0.001) and (70.3%, p<0.001), respectively; no difference was seen in the GD patients (22.9%, p=0.797). Serum 25(OH)D levels were not associated with thyroid function, antithyroid antibodies, and serum cytokines IL-4, IL-17, and TNF-α in patients with AITD. We observed relatively low vitamin D level in mild and treated HT patients, while GD patients had similar 25(OH)D levels to those of healthy individuals. Further studies are imperative to explore the complex etiology of vitamin D deficiency in AITD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencai Ke
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tiange Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Leqi He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Bingbing Zha
- Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Liu J, Fu J, Xu Y, Wang G. Antithyroid Drug Therapy for Graves' Disease and Implications for Recurrence. Int J Endocrinol 2017; 2017:3813540. [PMID: 28529524 PMCID: PMC5424485 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3813540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Graves' disease (GD) is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism worldwide. Current therapeutic options for GD include antithyroid drugs (ATD), radioactive iodine, and thyroidectomy. ATD treatment is generally well accepted by patients and clinicians due to some advantages including normalizing thyroid function in a short time, hardly causing hypothyroidism, and ameliorating immune disorder while avoiding radiation exposure and invasive procedures. However, the relatively high recurrence rate is a major concern for ATD treatment, which is associated with multiple influencing factors like clinical characteristics, treatment strategies, and genetic and environmental factors. Of these influencing factors, some are modifiable but some are nonmodifiable. The recurrence risk can be reduced by adjusting the modifiable factors as much as possible. The titration regimen for 12-18 months is the optimal strategy of ATD. Levothyroxine administration after successful ATD treatment was not recommended. The addition of immunosuppressive drugs might be helpful to decrease the recurrence rate of GD patients after ATD withdrawal, whereas further studies are needed to address the safety and efficacy. This paper reviewed the current knowledge of ATD treatment and mainly focused on influencing factors for recurrence in GD patients with ATD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jing Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
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Toimela T, Huttala O, Sabell E, Mannerström M, Sarkanen JR, Ylikomi T, Heinonen T. Intra-laboratory validated human cell-based in vitro vasculogenesis/angiogenesis test with serum-free medium. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 70:116-125. [PMID: 27915012 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Vasculogenesis and angiogenesis are the processes by which new blood vessels are formed. We have developed a serum-free human adipose stromal cell and umbilical cord vein endothelial cell based vasculogenesis/angiogenesis test. In this study, the test was validated in our GLP laboratory following the OECD Guidance Document 34 [1] using erlotinib, acetylic salicylic acid, levamisole, 2-methoxyestradiol, anti-VEGF, methimazole, and D-mannitol to show its reproducibility, repeatability, and predictivity for humans. The results were obtained from immunostained tubule structures and cytotoxicity assessment. The performance of the test was evaluated using 26 suspected teratogens and non-teratogens. The positive predictive value was 71.4% and the negative predictive value was 50.0%, indicating that inhibition of vasculogenesis is a significant mechanism behind teratogenesis. In conclusion, this test has great potential to be a screening test for prioritization purposes of chemicals and to be a test in a battery to predict developmental hazards in a regulatory context.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Toimela
- FICAM, University of Tampere, Finland.
| | - O Huttala
- FICAM, University of Tampere, Finland
| | - E Sabell
- FICAM, University of Tampere, Finland
| | | | - J R Sarkanen
- Cell Biology, University of Tampere, Finland; Science Center, Tampere University Hospital, Finland
| | - T Ylikomi
- Cell Biology, University of Tampere, Finland; Science Center, Tampere University Hospital, Finland
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Liu T, Shi Y, Du J, Ge X, Teng X, Liu L, Wang E, Zhao Q. Vitamin D treatment attenuates 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis but not oxazolone-induced colitis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32889. [PMID: 27620138 PMCID: PMC5020649 DOI: 10.1038/srep32889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) have different immunological mechanisms, while both of them are potential targets of vitamin D treatment. In this study, we have tried to address the role of vitamin D in CD and UC using two mouse models. Mice of C57B6L were given vitamin D before the induction of colitis. Our results showed that vitamin D attenuated 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis but not oxazolone-induced colitis. Vitamin D could preserve the local histology, alleviate inflammation, suppress apoptosis, maintain tight junction function and decrease permeability. Interestingly, it has more of an effect on local structure preservation and inflammation inhibition in CD than in UC mice. Vitamin D blocked the increase of helper T-cell type 1 (Th1)- and helper T-cell type 17 (Th17)-related cytokines in TNBS-induced colitis. But the increase of helper T-cell type 2 (Th2)- and regulatory T cells (Treg)-related cytokines was augmented at the same time in oxazolone-induced colitis which counteracted each other. Our study helps elucidate the differential protective effects of vitamin D on CD and UC patients, as reported in literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjing Liu
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, NO. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, NO. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P. R. China
| | - Yongyan Shi
- Department of Neonatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, NO. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P. R. China
| | - Jie Du
- Institute of Metabolic Disease Research and Drug Development, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P. R. China
| | - Xin Ge
- Institute of Metabolic Disease Research and Drug Development, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P. R. China
| | - Xu Teng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, NO. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P. R. China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, NO. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P. R. China
| | - Enbo Wang
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, NO. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P. R. China
| | - Qun Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, NO. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, NO. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P. R. China
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Huang HW, Zuo C, Chen X, Peng YP, Qiu YH. Effect of tyrosine hydroxylase overexpression in lymphocytes on the differentiation and function of T helper cells. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:635-42. [PMID: 27315039 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of the overexpression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a rate-limiting enzyme for the synthesis of catecholamines (CAs), in lymphocytes on the differentiation and function of T helper (Th) cells. A recombinant TH overexpression plasmid (pEGFP-N1-TH) was constructed and transfected into mesenteric lymphocytes using nucleofection technology. These cells were stimulated with concanavalin A (Con A) for 48 h and then examined for TH expression and CA content, as well as for the percentage of Th1 and Th2 cells, cytokine concentrations and for the levels of signaling molecules. The lymphocytes overexpressing TH also expressed higher mRNA and protein levels of TH, and synthesized more CAs, including norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E) and dopamine (DA) than the mock-transfected control cells. TH gene overexpression in the lymphocytes reduced the percentage of interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-producing CD4+ cells and the ratio of CD4+IFN-γ+/CD4+IL-4+ cells, as well as the percentages of CD4+CD26+ and CD4+CD30+ cells and the ratio of CD4+CD26+/CD4+CD30+ cells. TH overexpression also reduced the secretion of IFN-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) from lymphocytes. Moreover, NE inhibited the Con A-induced lymphocyte proliferation and decreased both cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) expression in the lymphocytes. Our findings thus indicate that TH gene overexpression promotes the polarization and differentiation of CD4+ cells towards Th2 cells, and this effect is mediated by the cAMP and p38 MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Wei Huang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Cong Zuo
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Ping Peng
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Hua Qiu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
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Huang HW, Fang XX, Wang XQ, Peng YP, Qiu YH. Regulation of differentiation and function of helper T cells by lymphocyte-derived catecholamines via α₁- and β₂-adrenoceptors. Neuroimmunomodulation 2015; 22:138-51. [PMID: 24800755 DOI: 10.1159/000360579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recently, we have reported that lymphocyte-derived endogenous catecholamines (CAs) facilitate a shift in the T helper (Th)1/Th2 balance towards Th2. The purpose of this study was to explore the involvement of adrenoreceptors (ARs) in Th differentiation and function modulation by lymphocyte-derived CAs. METHODS Lymphocytes were separated from the mesenteric lymph nodes of mice, stimulated with concanavalin A (Con A) and treated with pargyline, an inhibitor of CA degradation. RESULTS Pargyline downregulated the expression of Th1-relative factors, T-bet, interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-2, but upregulated the expression of Th2-relative factors, GATA-3, IL-4 and IL-10. Pargyline reduced the percentage of IFN-γ-producing CD4+ cells and the CD4+IFN-γ+/CD4+IL-4+ cell ratio, although it did not alter the proportion of IL-4-producing CD4+ cells. In addition, the percentage of CD4+CD26+ T cells and the CD4+CD26+/CD4+CD30+ cell ratio were also reduced in the pargyline-treated group. Furthermore, Con A-activated T cells treated with pargyline produced a lower level of IFN-γ and a higher level of IL-4 than the control group. All these effects were blocked by the α1-AR antagonist corynanthine or the β2-AR antagonist ICI 118551, but not by the α2-AR antagonist yohimbine or β1-AR antagonist atenolol. CONCLUSIONS These results imply that lymphocyte-derived CAs promote polarization of differentiation and function towards Th2 cells and that this effect is mediated by α1-AR and β2-AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Wei Huang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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27
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Shi Y, Sun M, Wang Z, Fu Q, Cao M, Zhu Z, Meng C, Mao J, Duan Y, Tang W, Huang X, Lu J, Bi Y, Ning G, He W, Yang T. Association between calcaneus quantitative ultrasound (QUS) parameters and thyroid status in middle-aged and elderly Chinese men with euthyroidism: a population-based cross-sectional study. Endocrine 2014; 47:227-33. [PMID: 24464689 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-013-0147-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although it is generally accepted that thyroid hormones affect bone metabolism, there is little data on the association of thyroid antibodies with bone status. We aimed to investigate the association between thyroid hormones or antibodies and quantitative ultrasound (QUS) parameters. This was a cross-sectional, population-based study conducted in Nanjing, China. A total of 1,001 Chinese men over 40 years were enrolled. We measured free triiodothyronine, free thyroxin (fT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone, anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO), anti-thyroglobulin, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and QUS parameters. After adjusting for potential confounders, QUS values decreased from the lowest to highest tertiles of fT4 in euthyroid men [quantitative ultrasound index (QUI) p = 0.002, broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) p = 0.000, speed of sound (SOS) p = 0.009, respectively]. Men with high anti-TPO levels (≥200 IU/ml) were found to have lower QUI (p = 0.030), BUA (p = 0.034), and SOS (p = 0.041) values than controls (<200 IU/ml). The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was significantly higher in individuals with high anti-TPO than those in lower levels (87.5 vs. 59.5 %, p = 0.001). Our results suggest that high fT4 or anti-TPO values are associated with lower QUS parameters. Prospective studies are needed to confirm the precise relationship between thyroid status and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
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Alhuzaim ON, Aljohani N. Effect of vitamin d3 on untreated graves' disease with vitamin d deficiency. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-CASE REPORTS 2014; 7:83-5. [PMID: 25187748 PMCID: PMC4133032 DOI: 10.4137/ccrep.s13157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Besides its classical role in calcium and bone homeostasis, vitamin D is considered a potent immunomodulator that can affect the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases. Our aim is to evaluate the effect of vitamin D correction to a patient with new onset Graves’ disease (GD) with an underlying vitamin D deficiency. METHOD We describe the effect of vitamin D3 on untreated Graves’ disease with vitamin D deficiency. RESULTS A healthy Saudi woman in her 40s sought consultation with a three-month history of palpitation. She denied any history of heat intolerance, weight loss, menstrual irregularity or sweating. She has a history of chronic muscle aches and pains. Physical examination revealed a mild diffusely enlarged and non-tender thyroid gland with no bruit. She had no signs of Graves’ ophthalmopathy. In laboratory examinations, the initial thyroid function test, which was done in an outside hospital, revealed a TSH, 0.01 mIU/L; FT4, 22.5 pmol/L and FT3, 6.5 pmol/L. Vitamin D 25-OH level was done in our hospital and showed a result of 26.0 nmol/L with a TSH, 0.013 mIU/L; FT4, 16.7 pmol/L; and FT3, 3.8 pmol/L. TSH receptor antibody was positive. TC-99 m thyroid scintigraphy demonstrated an enlarged thyroid gland with increased radiotracer trapping and heterogeneous distribution. The patient was given only oral cholecalciferol 4000 IU per day since November 2012 (prescribed by an outside hospital) then from May 2013 onwards she was given 50,000 IU per month. Follow-up laboratory exams revealed improved vitamin D levels as well as TSH and FT4. She eventually improved both clinically and biochemically with a satisfactory outcome. CONCLUSION Vitamin D deficiency may exacerbate the onset and/or development of GD and correction of the deficiency may be able to reverse it. However, further prospective clinical studies will be needed to define the role of vitamin D treatment in GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar N Alhuzaim
- Obesity, Endocrine and Metabolism Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naji Aljohani
- Obesity, Endocrine and Metabolism Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. ; Faculty of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Vitamin D receptor agonists: suitable candidates as novel therapeutic options in autoimmune inflammatory myopathy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:949730. [PMID: 24895631 PMCID: PMC4033351 DOI: 10.1155/2014/949730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The primary aim in the treatment of autoimmune inflammatory myopathies (IMs) is to recover muscle function. The presence of immune/inflammatory cell infiltrates within muscle tissues represents the common feature of different IM subtypes, albeit a correlation between muscular damage extent and inflammation degree is often lacking. Treatments for IMs are based on life-long immunosuppressive therapy, with the well known adverse effects; recovery is incomplete for many patients. More effective therapies, with reduced side-effects, are highly desirable. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) agonists emerge to retain pleiotropic anti-inflammatory properties, since they regulate innate and adaptive immunity by switching the immune response from proinflammatory T helper 1 (Th1) type to tolerogenic T helper 2 (Th2) type dominance. In skeletal muscle cells less hypercalcemic VDR ligands target powerful mediators of inflammation, such as TNFα and TNFα driven paths, without affecting immune or muscle cells viability, retaining the potentiality to counteract Th1 driven overreactivity established by the self-enhancing inflammatory loop between immune and skeletal muscle cells. This review summarizes those features of VDR agonists as candidates in future treatment of IM.
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Cutolo M, Paolino S, Sulli A, Smith V, Pizzorni C, Seriolo B. Vitamin D, steroid hormones, and autoimmunity. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2014; 1317:39-46. [PMID: 24739090 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The endogenous serum metabolite of vitamin D (calcitriol, 1,25(OH)2 D3 ) is considered a true steroid hormone (D hormone), and like glucocorticoids (GCs) and gonadal hormones, may exert several immunomodulatory activities. Serum vitamin D deficiency (25(OH) D), and therefore reduced 1,25(OH)2 D3 availability, is considered a risk factor for several chronic/inflammatory or autoimmune conditions, including infectious diseases, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and especially autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARD). In ARD in particular, 1,25(OH)2 D3 regulates both innate and adaptive immunity, potentiating the innate response (antimicrobial activity) but reducing adaptive immunity (antigen presentation, T and B cell activities). Regarding a possible synergism between vitamin D and GCs, several studies show that 1,25(OH)2 D3 has significant additive effects on dexamethasone-mediated inhibition of human lymphocyte and monocyte proliferation. Conversely, vitamin D deficiency seems to play a role in increasing autoantibody production by B cells, and seasonal vitamin D declines may trigger flares in ARD, as recently shown. Finally, 1,25(OH)2 D3 seems to reduce aromatase activity and limit the negative effects related to increased peripheral estrogen metabolism (cell proliferation, B cell overactivity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Cutolo
- Research Laboratories and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
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Datta-Mitra A, Mitra A, Ray R, Raychaudhuri SP, Kundu-Raychaudhuri S. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-3-bromoacetate, a novel vitamin D analog induces immunosuppression through PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling cascade. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 17:744-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Di Luigi L, Sottili M, Antinozzi C, Vannelli GB, Romanelli F, Riccieri V, Valesini G, Lenzi A, Crescioli C. The vitamin D receptor agonist BXL-01-0029 as a potential new pharmacological tool for the treatment of inflammatory myopathies. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77745. [PMID: 24204948 PMCID: PMC3813757 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate in vitro the effect of the VDR agonist BXL-01-0029 onto IFNγ/TNFα-induced CXCL10 secretion by human skeletal muscle cells compared to elocalcitol (VDR agonist), methylprednisolone, methotrexate, cyclosporin A, infliximab and leflunomide; to assess in vivo circulating CXCL10 level in subjects at time of diagnosis with IMs, before therapy, together with TNFα, IFNγ, IL-8, IL-6, MCP-1, MIP-1β and IL-10, vs. healthy subjects. METHODS Human fetal skeletal muscle cells were used for in vitro studies; ELISA and Bio-Plex were used to measure cell supernatant and IC50 determination or serum cytokines; Western blot and Bio-Plex were for cell signaling analysis. RESULTS BXL-01-0029 decreased with the highest potency IFNγ/TNFα-induced CXCL10 protein secretion and targeted cell signaling downstream of TNFα in human skeletal muscle cells; CXCL10 level was the highest in sera of subjects diagnosed with IMs before therapy and the only one significantly different vs. healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Our in vitro and in vivo data, while confirm the relevance of CXCL10 in IMs, suggested BXL-01-0029 as a novel pharmacological tool for IM treatment, hypothetically to be used in combination with the current immunosuppressants to minimize side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Di Luigi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariangela Sottili
- Excellence Center for Research, Transfer and High Education De Novo Therapies (DENOthe), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Cristina Antinozzi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Romanelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Riccieri
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Specialities, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Valesini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Specialities, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Clara Crescioli
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
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Clinckspoor I, Verlinden L, Mathieu C, Bouillon R, Verstuyf A, Decallonne B. Vitamin D in thyroid tumorigenesis and development. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 48:65-98. [PMID: 23890557 DOI: 10.1016/j.proghi.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Besides its classical role in bone and calcium homeostasis, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), the active form of vitamin D, has many non-classical effects; antiproliferative, anti-apoptotic and prodifferentiating effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 have been described in several tumour types in preclinical models. This review focuses on the insights gained in the elucidation of the role of 1,25(OH)2D3 in the normal thyroid and in the pathogenesis, progression and treatment of thyroid cancer, the most common endocrine malignancy. An increasing amount of observations points towards a role for impaired 1,25(OH)2D3-VDR signalling in the occurrence and progression of thyroid cancer, and a potential for structural analogues in the multimodal treatment of dedifferentiated iodine-resistant thyroid cancer. A role for vitamin D in thyroid-related autoimmunity is less convincing and needs further study. Altered 1,25(OH)2D3-VDR signalling does not influence normal thyroid development nor thyrocyte function, but does affect C-cell function, at least in rodents. If these findings also apply to humans deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Clinckspoor
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Bus 902, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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A Case of Hypocalcemia with Severe Vitamin D Deficiency following Treatment for Graves' Disease with Methimazole. Case Rep Endocrinol 2013; 2013:512671. [PMID: 23710380 PMCID: PMC3655481 DOI: 10.1155/2013/512671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We herein report the case of a 41-year-old Japanese female office worker who developed symptomatic hypocalcemia with severe vitamin D deficiency following treatment for Graves' disease with methimazole. The patient's hypocalcemia was mainly caused by vitamin D deficiency due to unbalanced diets and inadequate exposure to sunlight in addition to the resolution of hyperthyroidism. Vitamin D deficiency is increasing worldwide, and it has been more recently shown to relate to the pathogenesis of Graves' disease. However, vitamin D deficiency as a cause of hypocalcemia has received little attention. Taken together, this case suggests that we should take more care in calcium kinetics and vitamin D status during treatment for Graves' disease with antithyroid drugs.
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Vitamin D receptor agonists target CXCL10: new therapeutic tools for resolution of inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:876319. [PMID: 23690671 PMCID: PMC3652186 DOI: 10.1155/2013/876319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the many biological extraskeletal actions of vitamin D has increased in the past decades. Indeed, vitamin D and analogue molecules, besides the classical actions on bone metabolism, exert several beneficial effects on metabolic homeostasis, heart-cardiovascular, brain, and muscle physiological functions, throughout the interaction with the specific vitamin D receptor (VDR). In particular, VDR agonists powerfully control innate and adaptive immune system with favorable effects on human health. VDR ligands act as immunomodulators that are potent enough to retain anti-inflammatory effects, even though the mechanism underlying those effects is not yet fully elucidated. VDR agonists exert a significant suppression of inflammatory processes switching the immune response from T helper 1 (Th1) to T helper 2 (Th2) dominance and counteracting the self-enhancing inflammatory loop between immune and resident cells, especially by cytokine release impairment. Those molecules are able, indeed, to reduce the release of the interferon (IFN)γ-induced 10 kDa protein IP-10/CXCL10, a powerful chemokine driving Th1-mediated inflammation. Based on their features, VDR ligands show the potentiality to be included in immunosuppressive regimens, aimed to control auto- and alloimmune Th1-driven overreactivity, occurring, for example, in autoimmune disease or graft rejection.
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Pludowski P, Holick MF, Pilz S, Wagner CL, Hollis BW, Grant WB, Shoenfeld Y, Lerchbaum E, Llewellyn DJ, Kienreich K, Soni M. Vitamin D effects on musculoskeletal health, immunity, autoimmunity, cardiovascular disease, cancer, fertility, pregnancy, dementia and mortality-a review of recent evidence. Autoimmun Rev 2013; 12:976-89. [PMID: 23542507 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 517] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimal vitamin D intake and its status are important not only for bone and calcium-phosphate metabolism, but also for overall health and well-being. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency as a global health problem are likely to be a risk for wide spectrum of acute and chronic illnesses. METHODS A review of randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and other evidence of vitamin D action on various health outcomes. RESULTS Adequate vitamin D status seems to be protective against musculoskeletal disorders (muscle weakness, falls, fractures), infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular disease, type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, several types of cancer, neurocognitive dysfunction and mental illness, and other diseases, as well as infertility and adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. Vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency is associated with all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS Adequate vitamin D supplementation and sensible sunlight exposure to reach optimal vitamin D status are among the front line factors of prophylaxis for the spectrum of disorders. Supplementation guidance and population strategies for the eradication of vitamin D deficiency must be included in the priorities of physicians, medical professionals and healthcare policy-makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Pludowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Radioimmunology and Experimental Medicine, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland.
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Yasuda T, Okamoto Y, Hamada N, Miyashita K, Takahara M, Sakamoto F, Miyatsuka T, Kitamura T, Katakami N, Kawamori D, Otsuki M, Matsuoka TA, Kaneto H, Shimomura I. Serum vitamin D levels are decreased in patients without remission of Graves' disease. Endocrine 2013; 43:230-2. [PMID: 22983830 PMCID: PMC3536951 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-012-9789-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuyuki Yasuda
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | | | | | - Kazuyuki Miyashita
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Takahara
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Fumie Sakamoto
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyatsuka
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Kitamura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Naoto Katakami
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Dan Kawamori
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Michio Otsuki
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Taka-aki Matsuoka
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Hideaki Kaneto
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
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Yasuda T, Okamoto Y, Hamada N, Miyashita K, Takahara M, Sakamoto F, Miyatsuka T, Kitamura T, Katakami N, Kawamori D, Otsuki M, Matsuoka TA, Kaneto H, Shimomura I. Serum vitamin D levels are decreased and associated with thyroid volume in female patients with newly onset Graves' disease. Endocrine 2012; 42:739-41. [PMID: 22547366 PMCID: PMC3509322 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-012-9679-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuyuki Yasuda
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | | | | | - Kazuyuki Miyashita
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Takahara
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Fumie Sakamoto
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyatsuka
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Kitamura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Naoto Katakami
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Dan Kawamori
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Michio Otsuki
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Taka-aki Matsuoka
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Hideaki Kaneto
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
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Clinckspoor I, Gérard AC, Van Sande J, Many MC, Verlinden L, Bouillon R, Carmeliet G, Mathieu C, Verstuyf A, Decallonne B. The vitamin d receptor in thyroid development and function. Eur Thyroid J 2012; 1:168-75. [PMID: 24783016 PMCID: PMC3821476 DOI: 10.1159/000342363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Vitamin D is known to modulate thyroid neoplastic and autoimmune disease. We investigated the role of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in normal thyroid development and function (thyrocytes and C cells). METHODS The thyroid phenotype of VDR knockout mice was studied in comparison to wild-type controls. The mice were fed a normal diet or a calcium-rich diet to circumvent effects induced by hypocalcemia. RESULTS Thyroid morphology was unaltered in VDR knockout mice. Also, expression of different parameters of thyrocyte function was comparable (immunohistochemistry). C cell physiology was, however, affected in the absence of the VDR, resulting in increased thyroidal calcitonin expression (immunohistochemistry), paralleled by increased serum calcitonin levels, but only in normocalcemic mice. To study a possible effect of vitamin D status on basal calcitonin levels in humans, serum calcitonin concentrations were compared between vitamin D-deficient and -sufficient patients (serum 25-OH vitamin D3 ≤10 and ≥40 ng/ml, respectively), but no difference was observed. CONCLUSIONS In mice, the VDR is redundant for normal thyrocyte function, but not for C cell function, where it mediates the negative control of calcitonin by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. In patients, vitamin D status does not affect basal serum calcitonin levels. A study in healthy individuals is needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Clinckspoor
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anne-Catherine Gérard
- Pôle de Morphologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Marie-Christine Many
- Pôle de Morphologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lieve Verlinden
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Roger Bouillon
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Carmeliet
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chantal Mathieu
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annemieke Verstuyf
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Brigitte Decallonne
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- *B. Decallonne, University Hospitals Leuven, Departement of Endocrinology, Herestraat 49, BE–3000 Leuven (Belgium), Tel. +32 16 34 6994, E-Mail
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Thiem U, Borchhardt K. Vitamin D in solid organ transplantation with special emphasis on kidney transplantation. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2011; 86:429-68. [PMID: 21419283 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386960-9.00019-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Within the past decades, vitamin D was identified as having additional physiological functions far beyond calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism. Stimulated by the discovery of the vitamin D receptor in a broad range of tissues as well as the expression of 1α-hydroxylase, the enzyme responsible for the activation of vitamin D, it became evident that the actions of vitamin D are not restricted to cells involved in mineral and bone metabolism. In fact, it affects proliferation, differentiation, and function of a large number of different cell types including cells of the immune system. Vitamin D receptor agonists were found to exert immunosuppressive effects on the adaptive immune system, thus being able to mediate immunologic tolerance. However, they promote the innate immune system and thereby improve the ability of the host to combat invading pathogens. This review summarizes our current understanding of vitamin D as an immunomodulatory agent with special emphasis on its clinical implications in the transplant setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Thiem
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Baeke F, Korf H, Overbergh L, Verstuyf A, Thorrez L, Van Lommel L, Waer M, Schuit F, Gysemans C, Mathieu C. The vitamin D analog, TX527, promotes a human CD4+CD25highCD127low regulatory T cell profile and induces a migratory signature specific for homing to sites of inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 186:132-42. [PMID: 21131424 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of hypocalcemic vitamin D analogs is an appealing strategy to exploit the immunomodulatory actions of active vitamin D in vivo while circumventing its calcemic side effects. The functional modulation of dendritic cells by these molecules is regarded as the key mechanism underlying their ability to regulate T cell reactivity. In this article, we demonstrate the capacity of the vitamin D analog, TX527, to target T cells directly. Microarray analysis of purified human CD3(+) T cells, cultured in the presence of TX527, revealed differential expression of genes involved in T cell activation, proliferation, differentiation, and migratory capacity. Accordingly, functional analysis showed a TX527-mediated suppression of the T cell proliferative capacity and activation status, accompanied by decreased expression of effector cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17). Furthermore, TX527 triggered the emergence of CD4(+)CD25(high)CD127(low) regulatory T cells featuring elevated levels of IL-10, CTLA-4, and OX40 and the functional capacity to suppress activation and proliferation of effector T cells. Moreover, the vitamin D analog profoundly altered the homing receptor profile of T cells and their migration toward chemokine ligands. Remarkably, TX527 not only modulated skin-homing receptors as illustrated for the parent compound, but also reduced the expression of lymphoid organ-homing receptors (CD62L, CCR7, and CXCR4) and uniquely promoted surface expression of inflammatory homing receptors (CCR5, CXCR3, and CXCR6) on T cells. We conclude that TX527 directly affects human T cell function, thereby inhibiting effector T cell reactivity while inducing regulatory T cell characteristics, and imprints them with a specific homing signature favoring migration to sites of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke Baeke
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Ikeda U, Wakita D, Ohkuri T, Chamoto K, Kitamura H, Iwakura Y, Nishimura T. 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and all-trans retinoic acid synergistically inhibit the differentiation and expansion of Th17 cells. Immunol Lett 2010; 134:7-16. [PMID: 20655952 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2010.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2010] [Revised: 06/22/2010] [Accepted: 07/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25D3), the active form of vitamin D(3), is an immunoregulatory hormone with beneficial effects on Th1 cell-mediated inflammatory diseases. Although IL-17-producing CD4(+) T helper (Th17) cells have been recently identified as novel effector cells, the immunomodulating effects of 1,25D3 on Th17 cells have not been well defined. We confirmed here that 1,25D3 inhibited the generation of Th17 cells in vitro. Interestingly, 1,25D3 synergistically suppressed the generation of Th17 cells by the combination with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). 1,25D3 and ATRA suppressed the development of allergen-induced contact hypersensitivity (CHS) in a mouse ear swelling model. In addition, we found that 1,25D3 and ATRA significantly inhibited the development of human Th17 cells from both naïve and memory human CD4(+) T cells. 1,25D3 and ATRA effectively suppressed mRNA expressions of IL-1R1, IL-21R, IL-23R, RORC, and AHR in human T cells. ATRA further suppressed IL-6R, whereas 1,25D3 did not. Finally, we found that 1,25D3 and ATRA remarkably blocked IL-22 as well as IL-17 mRNA expression in human memory CD4(+) T cells. Thus, we initially reveal that 1,25D3 and ATRA have synergistic effects on the generation of Th17 cells, suggesting that the combination with ATRA would provide a promising novel therapy for Th17 cell-related immune diseases including skin inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utako Ikeda
- Division of Immunoregulation, Section of Disease Control, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
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43
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Baeke F, Gysemans C, Korf H, Mathieu C. Vitamin D insufficiency: implications for the immune system. Pediatr Nephrol 2010; 25:1597-606. [PMID: 20180136 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-010-1452-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2009] [Revised: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 01/04/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by a loss of kidney function and dysregulation of vitamin D metabolism. Well known are the defects in final activation of vitamin D to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1,25(OH)(2)D(3)], resulting in renal osteodystrophy. However, in recent years, 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) has been identified as having effects far beyond calcium and bone metabolism. In this review, specific attention is given to the effects of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) on the immune system and the implications of vitamin D deficiency, a feature of many patients with CKD, on immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke Baeke
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Herestraat 49-ON1-bus 902, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Baeke F, Korf H, Overbergh L, van Etten E, Verstuyf A, Gysemans C, Mathieu C. Human T lymphocytes are direct targets of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the immune system. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 121:221-7. [PMID: 20302932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2009] [Accepted: 03/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Besides its actions on minerals and bone, the bioactive vitamin D metabolite, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), has important immunomodulatory properties. Within the immune system, dendritic cells represent key targets for this hormone and 1,25(OH)2D3-induced changes in their phenotype and function ultimately affects T lymphocytes. However, the presence of vitamin D receptors (VDR) in activated T cells proposes additional mechanisms for 1,25(OH)2D3 to directly regulate T cell responses. Here, we investigated the expression and kinetics of vitamin D-related genes in human activated T lymphocytes. Different activation stimuli elicited increased VDR- and 1-alpha-hydroxylase expression, with a highly similar kinetic pattern. Addition of 1,25(OH)2D3 effectively triggered VDR signaling, as evidenced by 24-hydroxylase induction, but only when introduced to T lymphocytes expressing high levels of VDR. This enhanced degree of VDR signaling correlated with a stronger inhibition of cytokines (IFN-gamma, IL-10) and modulation of homing receptor expression (CCR10, CLA) in long-term T cell cultures. Importantly, chronic 1,25(OH)2D3-exposure further amplified VDR signaling and the concomitant T cell modulating effects. In conclusion, we validate T cells as direct targets for 1,25(OH)2D3 and provide this optimized in vitro model to improve our understanding of the role of vitamin D as a direct regulator of T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke Baeke
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology (LEGENDO), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KUL), Herestraat 49, O&N1, Bus 902, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Sagrinati C, Sottili M, Mazzinghi B, Borgogni E, Adorini L, Serio M, Romagnani P, Crescioli C. Comparison between VDR analogs and current immunosuppressive drugs in relation to CXCL10 secretion by human renal tubular cells. Transpl Int 2010; 23:914-23. [PMID: 20302596 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2010.01078.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
During kidney allograft rejection, CXC chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10)-CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) trafficking between peripheral blood and tissues initiates alloresponse and perpetuates a self-inflammatory loop; thus, CXCL10-CXCR3 axis could represent a pharmacologic target. In this perspective, immunosuppressors targeting graft-resident cells, beside immune cells, could be very advantageous. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) agonists exhibit considerable immunomodulatory properties. This study aimed to investigate whether elocalcitol and BXL-01-0029 could decrease the expression of CXCL10 in activated renal tubular cells in vitro and thus be useful in kidney allograft rejection treatment. Experiments were performed in human tubular renal cells stimulated with interferon-gamma + tumor necrosis factor-alpha with and without VDR agonists, tacrolimus, sirolimus, hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone, cyclosporin A and mycophenolate mofetil. CXCL10 protein secretion and gene expression were measured by ELISA and by quantitative PCR. Specific inhibitors were used to investigate intracellular pathways involved in tubular cells activation. For IC(50) determination and comparison, dose-response curves with VDR agonists, tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid were performed. Elocalcitol and BXL-01-0029 inhibited CXCL10 secretion by renal cells, without affecting cell viability, while almost all the immunosuppressors were found to be ineffective, except for tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil. BXL-01-0029 was the most potent drug and, notably, it was found to be capable of allowing reduction in tacrolimus-inhibitory doses. Our data suggest that BXL-01-0029 could potentially be a dose-reducing agent for conventional immunosuppressors in kidney rejection management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Sagrinati
- Excellence Center for Research, Transfer and High Education (DENOthe), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Colin EM, Asmawidjaja PS, van Hamburg JP, Mus AMC, van Driel M, Hazes JMW, van Leeuwen JPTM, Lubberts E. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 modulates Th17 polarization and interleukin-22 expression by memory T cells from patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 2010; 62:132-42. [PMID: 20039421 DOI: 10.1002/art.25043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the immunologic mechanism by which 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25[OH](2)D(3)) may prevent corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with a focus on T cell biology. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and CD4+CD45RO+ (memory) and CD4+CD45RO- (non-memory) T cells separated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) from treatment-naive patients with early RA were stimulated with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 in the absence or presence of various concentrations of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), dexamethasone (DEX), and 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) and DEX combined. Levels of T cell cytokines were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry. RESULTS The presence of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) reduced interleukin-17A (IL-17A) and interferon-gamma levels and increased IL-4 levels in stimulated PBMCs from treatment-naive patients with early RA. In addition, 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) had favorable effects on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha):IL-4 and IL-17A:IL-4 ratios and prevented the unfavorable effects of DEX on these ratios. Enhanced percentages of IL-17A- and IL-22-expressing CD4+ T cells and IL-17A-expressing memory T cells were observed in PBMCs from treatment-naive patients with early RA as compared with healthy controls. Of note, we found no difference in the percentage of CD45RO+ and CD45RO- cells between these 2 groups. Interestingly, 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), in contrast to DEX, directly modulated human Th17 polarization, accompanied by suppression of IL-17A, IL-17F, TNFalpha, and IL-22 production by memory T cells sorted by FACS from patients with early RA. CONCLUSION These data indicate that 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) may contribute its bone-sparing effects in RA patients taking corticosteroids by the modulation of Th17 polarization, inhibition of Th17 cytokines, and stimulation of IL-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Colin
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Department of Rheumatology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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The effect of melanism and vitamin D synthesis on the incidence of autoimmune disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 5:99-105. [PMID: 19182816 DOI: 10.1038/ncprheum0989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2008] [Accepted: 12/03/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Melanin has several physiological roles in maintaining health, but, notably, it affects the synthesis of vitamin D. Melanin is the primary determinant of the degree of skin pigmentation and protects the body from harmful ultraviolet radiation. Synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25[OH](2)D(3)) in the skin, however, is dependent on ultraviolet B light. Highly pigmented skin, to the level found in people of African origin, abrogates almost all ultraviolet-induced 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) synthesis. Numerous animal models and clinical studies have underlined the essential role of vitamin D as a modulator of the different processes of the immune system. Evidence indicates that serum concentrations of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) and the prevalence of autoimmune diseases in a certain population are associated with the latitude at which that population resides. This article explores the relationship between skin pigmentation, vitamin D and the prevalence of autoimmune disease.
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Misharin A, Hewison M, Chen CR, Lagishetty V, Aliesky HA, Mizutori Y, Rapoport B, McLachlan SM. Vitamin D deficiency modulates Graves' hyperthyroidism induced in BALB/c mice by thyrotropin receptor immunization. Endocrinology 2009; 150:1051-60. [PMID: 18927213 PMCID: PMC2646531 DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-1191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
TSH receptor (TSHR) antibodies and hyperthyroidism are induced by immunizing mice with adenovirus encoding the TSHR or its A-subunit. Depleting regulatory T cells (Treg) exacerbates thyrotoxicosis in susceptible BALB/c mice and induces hyperthyroidism in normally resistant C57BL/6 mice. Vitamin D plays an important role in immunity; high dietary vitamin D intake suppresses (and low intake enhances) adaptive immune responses. Vitamin D-induced immunosuppression may enhance Treg. Therefore, we hypothesized that decreased vitamin D intake would mimic Treg depletion and enhance hyperthyroidism induced by A-subunit adenovirus immunization. BALB/c mice had a reduced ability vs. C57BL/6 mice to generate the active metabolite of vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3). Vitamin D deficiency induced subtle immune changes in BALB/c (not C57BL/6) mice. Compared with mice fed regular chow, vitamin D-deprived BALB/c mice had fewer splenic B cells and decreased interferon-gamma responses to mitogen and lacked memory T-cell responses to A-subunit protein. However, vitamin D deficiency did not alter TSHR antibody responses measured by ELISA, TSH binding inhibition, or cAMP generation from TSHR-expressing cells. Unexpectedly, compared with vitamin D-sufficient mice, vitamin D-deficient BALB/c mice had lower preimmunization T(4) levels and developed persistent hyperthyroidism. This difference was unrelated to the immunological changes between vitamin D-deficient or -sufficient animals. Previously, we found that different chromosomes or loci confer susceptibility to TSHR antibody induction vs. thyroid function. Our present studies provide evidence that an environmental factor, vitamin D, has only minor effects on induced immunity to the TSHR but directly affects thyroid function in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Misharin
- Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute and University of California Los Angeles, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Sottili M, Cosmi L, Borgogni E, Sarchielli E, Maggi L, Francalanci M, Vannelli GB, Ronconi E, Adorini L, Annunziato F, Romagnani P, Serio M, Crescioli C. Immunomodulatory effects of BXL-01-0029, a less hypercalcemic vitamin D analogue, in human cardiomyocytes and T cells. Exp Cell Res 2009; 315:264-73. [PMID: 19014933 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2008.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2008] [Revised: 10/23/2008] [Accepted: 10/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Current immunosuppressive protocols have reduced rejection occurrence in heart transplantation; nevertheless, management of heart transplant recipients is accompanied by major adverse effects, due to drug doses close to toxic range. In allograft rejection, characterized by T-helper 1 (Th1) cell-mediated response, the CXCL10-CXCR3 axis plays a pivotal role in triggering a self-promoting inflammatory loop. Indeed, CXCL10 intragraft production, required for initiation and development of graft failure, supports organ infiltration by Th1 cells. Thus, targeting the CXCL10-CXCR3 axis while avoiding generalized immunosuppression, may be of therapeutic significance. Based on preclinical evidence for immunoregulatory properties of vitamin D receptor agonists, we propose that a less hypercalcemic vitamin D analogue, BXL-01-0029, might have the potential to contribute to rejection management. We investigated the effect of BXL-01-0029 on CXCL10 secretion induced by proinflammatory stimuli, both in human isolated cardiomyocytes (Hfcm) and purified CD4+ T cells. Mycophenolic acid (MPA), the active agent of mycophenolate mofetil, was used for comparison. BXL-01-0029 inhibited IFNgamma and TNFalpha-induced CXCL10 secretion by Hfcm more potently than MPA, impairing cytokine synergy and pathways. BXL-01-0029 reduced also CXCL10 protein secretion and gene expression by CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, BXL-01-0029 did not exert any toxic effect onto both cell types, suggesting its possible use as a dose-reducing agent for conventional immunosuppressive drugs in clinical transplantation.
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MESH Headings
- Active Transport, Cell Nucleus/drug effects
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemokine CXCL10/genetics
- Chemokine CXCL10/metabolism
- Cholecalciferol/analogs & derivatives
- Cholecalciferol/pharmacology
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Humans
- Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interferon-gamma/pharmacology
- Ionomycin/pharmacology
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Mycophenolic Acid/pharmacology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/cytology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Receptors, Calcitriol/agonists
- Receptors, Interferon/genetics
- Receptors, Interferon/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- STAT1 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology
- Interferon gamma Receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sottili
- Excellence Center for Research Transfer and High Education DENOthe, University of Florence, Italy
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Baeke F, Etten EV, Gysemans C, Overbergh L, Mathieu C. Vitamin D signaling in immune-mediated disorders: Evolving insights and therapeutic opportunities. Mol Aspects Med 2008; 29:376-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2008.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2008] [Accepted: 05/20/2008] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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