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Agosta F, Cozzini P. A Combined Molecular Dynamics and Hydropathic INTeraction (HINT) Approach to Investigate Protein Flexibility: The PPARγ Case Study. Molecules 2024; 29:2234. [PMID: 38792097 PMCID: PMC11124508 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular Dynamics (MD) is a computational technique widely used to evaluate a molecular system's thermodynamic properties and conformational behavior over time. In particular, the energy analysis of a protein conformation ensemble produced though MD simulations plays a crucial role in explaining the relationship between protein dynamics and its mechanism of action. In this research work, the HINT (Hydropathic INTeractions) LogP-based scoring function was first used to handle MD trajectories and investigate the molecular basis behind the intricate PPARγ mechanism of activation. The Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ (PPARγ) is an emblematic example of a highly flexible protein due to the extended ω-loop delimiting the active site, and it is responsible for the receptor's ability to bind chemically different compounds. In this work, we focused on the PPARγ complex with Rosiglitazone, a common anti-diabetic compound and analyzed the molecular basis of the flexible ω-loop stabilization effect produced by the Oleic Acid co-binding. The HINT-based analysis of the produced MD trajectories allowed us to account for all of the energetic contributions involved in interconverting between conformational states and describe the intramolecular interactions between the flexible ω-loop and the helix H3 triggered by the allosteric binding mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pietro Cozzini
- Molecular Modelling Lab, Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 17/A, 43121 Parma, Italy;
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2
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Xu J, Chen J, Deng J, Chen X, Du R, Yu Z, Gao S, Chen B, Wang Y, Cai X, Duan H, Cai Y, Zheng G. Naringenin inhibits APAP-induced acute liver injury through activating PPARA-dependent signaling pathway. Exp Cell Res 2024; 437:114028. [PMID: 38582338 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Acute liver injury (ALI) refers to the damage to the liver cells of patients due to drugs, food, and diseases. In this work, we used a network pharmacology approach to analyze the relevant targets and pathways of the active ingredients in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP) for the treatment of ALI and conducted systematic validation through in vivo and in vitro experiments. The network pharmacologic results predicted that naringenin (NIN) was the main active component of CRP in the treatment of ALI. GO functional annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment showed that its mechanism may be related to the regulation of PPARA signaling pathway, PPARG signaling pathway, AKT1 signaling pathway, MAPK3 signaling pathway and other signaling pathways. The results of in vivo experiments showed that (NIN) could reduce the liver lesions, liver adipose lesions, hepatocyte injury and apoptosis in mice with APAP-induced ALI, and reduce the oxidative stress damage of mouse liver cells and the inflammation-related factors to regulate ALI. In vitro experiments showed that NIN could inhibit the proliferation, oxidative stress and inflammation of APAP-induced LO2 cells, promote APAP-induced apoptosis of LO2 cells, and regulate the expression of apoptotic genes in acute liver injury. Further studies showed that NIN inhibited APAP-induced ALI mainly by regulating the PPARA-dependent signaling pathway. In conclusion, this study provides a preliminary theoretical basis for the screening of active compounds in CRP for the prevention and treatment of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiepei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Jiamin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Jinji Deng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xiaojing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Rong Du
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Zhiqian Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Shuhan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Baizhong Chen
- Guangdong Xinbaotang Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Guangdong, Jiangmen, 529000, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xiaoting Cai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Huiying Duan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yi Cai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
| | - Guodong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
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3
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Li Y, Feng Z, Wu T, You H, Wang W, Liu X, Ding L. Quinoa Peptides Alleviate Obesity in Mice Induced by a High-Fat Diet via Regulating of the PPAR-α/γ Signaling Pathway and Gut Microbiota. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2300258. [PMID: 37759395 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The obesity epidemic continues to be a major global public health threat with limited effective treatments. Peptides are a group of promising bioactive molecules. Both in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that quinoa has potential prebiotic benefits. Thus, the present study aims to investigate the influence of quinoa peptides (QP) consumption on obesity and its underlying mechanisms in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced mice. METHODS AND RESULTS QP (1000 mg kg-1 day-1 ) is administered to HFD mice for 8 weeks, and is found to significantly reduce the body weight, and plasma levels of triacylglycerol (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) compare to the HFD group. In addition, QP significantly decreases lipid accumulation in the liver caused by HFD. The liver transcriptome analysis shows that the alleviation of QP on obesity is related to the PPAR signaling pathway. QP upregulates the expressions of PPAR-α and its related genes and downregulates the expressions of PPAR-γ and its downstream genes. Furthermore, QP remodels the community composition of gut microbiota by lowering the ratio of Firmicutes c Bacteroidetes (F/B). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that QP consumption alleviates HFD-induced obesity by regulating the PPAR-α/γ signaling pathway in the liver and community structure of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiju Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhi Feng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Tianliang Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Haixi You
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xuebo Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Long Ding
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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Ghrelin Alleviates Experimental Ulcerative Colitis in Old Mice and Modulates Colonocyte Metabolism via PPARγ Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010565. [PMID: 36614012 PMCID: PMC9820475 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract, among the aging population. Ghrelin is a gut hormone that, in addition to controlling feeding and energy metabolism, has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects; however, the effect of ghrelin in protecting against colitis in old mice has not been assessed. Here, we subjected old female C57BL/6J mice to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water for six days, then switched back to normal drinking water, administered acyl-ghrelin or vehicle control from day 3 to 13, and monitored disease activities throughout the disease course. Our results showed that treatment of old mice with acyl-ghrelin attenuated DSS-induced colitis. Compared to the DSS group, ghrelin treatment decreased levels of the inflammation marker S100A9 in the colons collected on day 14 but not on day 8, suggesting that the anti-inflammatory effect was more prominent in the recovery phase. Ghrelin treatment also significantly reduced F4/80 and interleukin-17A on day 14. Moreover, acyl-ghrelin increased mitochondrial respiration and activated transcriptional activity of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) in Caco-2 cells. Together, our data show that ghrelin alleviated DSS-induced colitis, suggesting that ghrelin may promote tissue repair in part through regulating epithelial metabolism via PPARγ mediated signaling.
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The Role of PPARs in Breast Cancer. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010130. [PMID: 36611922 PMCID: PMC9818187 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a malignant tumor with high morbidity and lethality. Its pathogenesis is related to the abnormal expression of many genes. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a class of ligand-dependent transcription factors in the nuclear receptor superfamily. They can regulate the transcription of a large number of target genes, which are involved in life activities such as cell proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, and apoptosis, and regulate physiological processes such as glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, inflammation, and wound healing. Further, the changes in its expression are associated with various diseases, including breast cancer. The experimental reports related to "PPAR" and "breast cancer" were retrieved from PubMed since the discovery of PPARs and summarized in this paper. This review (1) analyzed the roles and potential molecular mechanisms of non-coordinated and ligand-activated subtypes of PPARs in breast cancer progression; (2) discussed the correlations between PPARs and estrogen receptors (ERs) as the nuclear receptor superfamily; and (3) investigated the interaction between PPARs and key regulators in several signaling pathways. As a result, this paper identifies PPARs as targets for breast cancer prevention and treatment in order to provide more evidence for the synthesis of new drugs targeting PPARs or the search for new drug combination treatments.
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Wang X, Zhao T, Ma A. Genetic Mechanism of Tissue-Specific Expression of PPAR Genes in Turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus) at Different Temperatures. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012205. [PMID: 36293062 PMCID: PMC9603064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we used PCR to measure the levels of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor genes PPARα1, PPARα2, PPARβ, and PPARγ in the intestine, liver, gill, heart, kidney, brain, muscle, spleen, skin, and stomach of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) cultured under different temperature conditions (14, 20, 23, 25, and 28 °C). We used split-split-plot (SSP) analysis of variance, additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis, and genotype main effects and genotype × environment interaction (GGE) biplot analysis to evaluate the genotype × tissue interaction effects on gene expression. The results of the SSP analysis of variance showed that temperature and tissue × gene have highly significant (p < 0.01) effect on the expression of S. maximus PPAR genes. The AMMI analysis results revealed that the expression of PPAR genes at the appropriate temperature (14 °C) mainly depended on genotype × tissue interaction and tissue effects. Under stress temperatures, genotype effects, tissue effects, and genotype × tissue interaction, all had significant effects on the expression of PPAR genes. The contribution of the genotype effect slowly increased with increasing temperature; it increased faster at 20 °C and then slowly declined at 25 °C. The contribution of the tissue effect slowly increased from 14 to 20 °C, where it sharply decreased, and then it stabilized after a slight fluctuation. The contribution of the genotype × tissue interaction effect showed a fluctuating upward trend throughout the experiment, and it had a significant impact on PPAR gene expression. The key temperature at which the three effects changed was 20 °C, indicating that it is the limit temperature for active lipid metabolism under high-temperature stress. The GGE biplot analysis results showed that under suitable water temperature, the expression difference of PPAR genes in the liver was the largest; at 20 and 23 °C, the expression difference in the gill was the largest; and at 25 and 28 °C, the expression difference in the brain was the largest. Overall, our results suggest that the mechanism responsible for PPAR gene expression under the three high temperatures (23, 25, and 28 °C) was relatively consistent, but it differed from that at 20 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinan Wang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- School of Fisheries, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Aijun Ma
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China
- Correspondence:
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The Role and Regulatory Mechanism of Brown Adipose Tissue Activation in Diet-Induced Thermogenesis in Health and Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169448. [PMID: 36012714 PMCID: PMC9408971 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been considered a vital organ in response to non-shivering adaptive thermogenesis, which could be activated during cold exposure through the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) or under postprandial conditions contributing to diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT). Humans prefer to live within their thermal comfort or neutral zone with minimal energy expenditure created by wearing clothing, making shelters, or using an air conditioner to regulate their ambient temperature; thereby, DIT would become an important mechanism to counter-regulate energy intake and lipid accumulation. In addition, there has been a long interest in the intriguing possibility that a defect in DIT predisposes one to obesity and other metabolic diseases. Due to the recent advances in methodology to evaluate the functional activity of BAT and DIT, this updated review will focus on the role and regulatory mechanism of BAT biology in DIT in health and diseases and whether these mechanisms are applicable to humans.
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8
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Donda K, Maheshwari A. Human Milk Lipids Induce Important Metabolic and Epigenetic Changes in Neonates. Clin Perinatol 2022; 49:331-353. [PMID: 35659090 PMCID: PMC9179119 DOI: 10.1016/j.clp.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are a major source of energy during the fetal/neonatal period. Most are received from the mother, transplacentally during the intrauterine period or via maternal milk after birth. However, in addition to the known nutritional roles, lipids are now known to bind a variety of cellular receptors to regulate specific patterns in metabolism and gene expression. The expression of these receptors is regulated by various genetic and environmental stimuli, and ligation can activate positive-feedback loops in the expression and the activity of downstream signaling pathways. The authors summarize the role of lipid ligands, cognate receptors, epigenetic regulation, and downstream signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyur Donda
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
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Søderstrøm S, Lille-Langøy R, Yadetie F, Rauch M, Milinski A, Dejaegere A, Stote RH, Goksøyr A, Karlsen OA. Agonistic and potentiating effects of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) on the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (Ppars). ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 163:107203. [PMID: 35364415 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity mediated by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and especially perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), has been linked to activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (Ppar) in many vertebrates. Here, we present the primary structures, phylogeny, and tissue-specific distributions of the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) gmPpara1, gmPpara2, gmPparb, and gmPparg, and demonstrate that the carboxylic acids PFHxA, PFOA, PFNA, as well as the sulfonic acid PFHxS, activate gmPpara1 in vitro, which was also supported by in silico analyses. Intriguingly, a binary mixture of PFOA and the non-activating PFOS produced a higher activation of gmPpara1 compared to PFOA alone, suggesting that PFOS has a potentiating effect on receptor activation. Supporting the experimental data, docking and molecular dynamics simulations of single and double-ligand complexes led to the identification of a putative allosteric binding site, which upon binding of PFOS stabilizes an active conformation of gmPpara1. Notably, binary exposures of gmPpara1, gmPpara2, and gmPparb to model-agonists and PFAAs produced similar potentiating effects. This study provides novel mechanistic insights into how PFAAs may modulate the Ppar signaling pathway by either binding the canonical ligand-binding pocket or by interacting with an allosteric binding site. Thus, individual PFAAs, or mixtures, could potentially modulate the Ppar-signaling pathway in Atlantic cod by interfering with at least one gmPpar subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Søderstrøm
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Thormøhlens gate 53 A/B, NO-5006 Bergen, Norway; Institute of Marine Research, Nordnesgaten 50, NO-5005 Bergen, Norway(1)
| | - Roger Lille-Langøy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Thormøhlens gate 53 A/B, NO-5006 Bergen, Norway; Institute of Marine Research, Nordnesgaten 50, NO-5005 Bergen, Norway(1)
| | - Fekadu Yadetie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Thormøhlens gate 53 A/B, NO-5006 Bergen, Norway
| | - Mateusz Rauch
- Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258/Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Ana Milinski
- Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258/Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Annick Dejaegere
- Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258/Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Roland H Stote
- Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258/Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Anders Goksøyr
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Thormøhlens gate 53 A/B, NO-5006 Bergen, Norway
| | - Odd André Karlsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Thormøhlens gate 53 A/B, NO-5006 Bergen, Norway.
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10
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Guo YX, Wang BY, Gao H, Hua RX, Gao L, He CW, Wang Y, Xu JD. Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor-α: A Pivotal Regulator of the Gastrointestinal Tract. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:864039. [PMID: 35558563 PMCID: PMC9086433 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.864039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor (PPAR)-α is a ligand-activated transcription factor distributed in various tissues and cells. It regulates lipid metabolism and plays vital roles in the pathology of the cardiovascular system. However, its roles in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are relatively less known. In this review, after summarizing the expression profile of PPAR-α in the GIT, we analyzed its functions in the GIT, including physiological control of the lipid metabolism and pathologic mediation in the progress of inflammation. The mechanism of this regulation could be achieved via interactions with gut microbes and further impact the maintenance of body circadian rhythms and the secretion of nitric oxide. These are also targets of PPAR-α and are well-described in this review. In addition, we also highlighted the potential use of PPAR-α in treating GIT diseases and the inadequacy of clinical trials in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Xin Guo
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo-Ya Wang
- Eight Program of Clinical Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Han Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rong-Xuan Hua
- Clinical Medicine of “5+3” Program, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng-Wei He
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Dong Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jing-Dong Xu,
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Sedghi M, Mohammadi I, Sarrami Z, Ghasemi R, Azarfar A. Effects of a yeast cell wall product on the performance of broiler chickens and PGC-1α, TLR4, IL-10 and PPARγ genes expression. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.2025161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sedghi
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ishmael Mohammadi
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Sarrami
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Razie Ghasemi
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Arash Azarfar
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
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12
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Annunziata C, Pirozzi C, Lama A, Senzacqua M, Comella F, Bordin A, Monnolo A, Pelagalli A, Ferrante MC, Mollica MP, Iossa A, De Falco E, Mattace Raso G, Cinti S, Giordano A, Meli R. Palmitoylethanolamide Promotes White-to-Beige Conversion and Metabolic Reprogramming of Adipocytes: Contribution of PPAR-α. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020338. [PMID: 35214069 PMCID: PMC8880285 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential role of brown and beige adipose tissue against obesity has been recognized. Browning, or beiging of white adipose tissue (WAT) is associated with the remodeling of adipocytes and the improvement of their metabolic and secretory functions. Here, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) restore the plasticity of brown and white adipocytes impaired in mice on a high-fat diet (HFD). Young male C57Bl/6J mice were fed with control (STD) diet or HFD for 12 weeks. Ultramicronized PEA (30 mg/kg/die p.o.) was administered for an additional 7 weeks, together with HFD. PEA recovered interscapular brown fat morphology and function, increasing UCP1 positivity, noradrenergic innervation, and inducing the mRNA transcription of several specialized thermogenic genes. PEA promotes the beige-conversion of the subcutaneous WAT, increasing thermogenic markers and restoring leptin signaling and tissue hormone sensitivity. The pivotal role of lipid-sensing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α in PEA effects was determined in mature 3T3-L1. Moreover, PEA improved mitochondrial bioenergetics in mature adipocytes measured by a Seahorse analyzer and induced metabolic machinery via AMPK phosphorylation. All these outcomes were dampened by the receptor antagonist GW6471. Finally, PEA induced adipogenic differentiation and increased AMPK phosphorylation in human adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) obtained from subcutaneous WAT of normal-weight patients and patients with obesity. We identify PEA and PPAR-α activation as the main mechanism by which PEA can rewire energy-storing white into energy-consuming brown-like adipocytes via multiple and converging effects that restore WAT homeostasis and metabolic flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Annunziata
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (C.P.); (A.L.); (F.C.); (G.M.R.)
| | - Claudio Pirozzi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (C.P.); (A.L.); (F.C.); (G.M.R.)
| | - Adriano Lama
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (C.P.); (A.L.); (F.C.); (G.M.R.)
| | - Martina Senzacqua
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, 60020 Ancona, Italy; (M.S.); (S.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Federica Comella
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (C.P.); (A.L.); (F.C.); (G.M.R.)
| | - Antonella Bordin
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (A.B.); (A.I.); (E.D.F.)
| | - Anna Monnolo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (M.C.F.)
| | - Alessandra Pelagalli
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR), 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Carmela Ferrante
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (M.C.F.)
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy;
| | - Angelo Iossa
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (A.B.); (A.I.); (E.D.F.)
| | - Elena De Falco
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (A.B.); (A.I.); (E.D.F.)
- Mediterranea Cardiocenter, 80122 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Mattace Raso
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (C.P.); (A.L.); (F.C.); (G.M.R.)
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, 60020 Ancona, Italy; (M.S.); (S.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, 60020 Ancona, Italy; (M.S.); (S.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Rosaria Meli
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (C.P.); (A.L.); (F.C.); (G.M.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-08-167-8413 (ext. 80131)
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Zhang X, Jiang L, Chen H, Wei S, Yao K, Sun X, Yang G, Jiang L, Zhang C, Wang N, Wang Y, Liu X. Resveratrol protected acrolein-induced ferroptosis and insulin secretion dysfunction via ER-stress- related PERK pathway in MIN6 cells. Toxicology 2022; 465:153048. [PMID: 34813903 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.153048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acrolein is a typical food and environmental pollutant and a risk factor for diabetes. The primary pathogenesis of diabetes is insulin deficiency and resistance. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent cell death type, accompanying by lipid peroxide accumulation. Here, 25 μM acrolein-induced ferroptosis is observed in mouse pancreatic β-cell MIN6 cells as indicated by ferroptosis-related indicators, including GPX4 exhaustion, lipid peroxides accumulation, and insulin secretion impairment. Additionally, acrolein-induced ferroptosis could be reversed by Ferrostatin-1. Furthermore, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) is involved in acrolein-induced ferroptosis. The ER stress inhibits the expression of PPARγ, an essential gene in glucose and lipid metabolism, and facilitates lipid peroxide accumulation, leading to MIN6 cells ferroptosis and dysfunction. Moreover, resveratrol, an antioxidant natural product, may relieve ER stress and upregulate PPARγ expression, thereby inhibiting acrolein-induced ferroptosis. Thus, this study demonstrated a new perspective for the cytotoxic mechanism of acrolein on pancreatic β-cell and the protective effect of resveratrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhao Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, College of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Segment of South lvshun Road, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Liping Jiang
- Preventive Medicine Laboratory, College of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Segment of South lvshun Road, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Huangben Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, College of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Segment of South lvshun Road, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Sen Wei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Dalian Medical University. No. 9, West Segment of South lvshun Road, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Kun Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiance Sun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Dalian Medical University. No. 9, West Segment of South lvshun Road, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, College of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Segment of South lvshun Road, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Lijie Jiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Afliated Zhong Shan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, College of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Segment of South lvshun Road, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Ningning Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, College of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Segment of South lvshun Road, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Hospital of Chaoyang, No. 26, Chaoyang Street of the Twin Towers, Chaoyang, 122000, China.
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, College of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Segment of South lvshun Road, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, PR China.
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14
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Nuclear Receptors in Energy Metabolism. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1390:61-82. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-11836-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Han S, Yang Y, Lu Y, Guo J, Han X, Gao Y, Huang W, You Y, Zhan J. Cyanidin-3- O-glucoside Regulates the Expression of Ucp1 in Brown Adipose Tissue by Activating Prdm16 Gene. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1986. [PMID: 34943089 PMCID: PMC8750179 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) burns energy to produce heat. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) can then enhance the thermogenic ability of BAT in vivo. However, the mechanism by which C3G regulates Ucp1 protein expression remains unclear. (2) Methods: In this study, C3H10T12 brown adipose cells and db/db mice and mice with high-fat, high-fructose, diet-induced obesity were used as the model to explore the effect of C3G on the expression of the Ucp1 gene. Furthermore, the 293T cell line was used for an in vitro cell transgene, a double luciferase reporting system, and yeast single hybridization to explore the mechanism of C3G in regulating Ucp1 protein. (3) Results: we identified that, under the influence of C3G, Prdm16 directly binds to the -500 to -150 bp promoter region of Ucp1 to activate its transcription and, thus, facilitate BAT programming. (4) Conclusions: This study clarified the mechanism by which C3G regulates the expression of the Ucp1 gene of brown fat to a certain extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suping Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Tsinghua East Road 17, Beijing 100083, China; (S.H.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.G.); (X.H.); (Y.G.); (W.H.)
| | - Yafan Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Tsinghua East Road 17, Beijing 100083, China; (S.H.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.G.); (X.H.); (Y.G.); (W.H.)
| | - Yanan Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Tsinghua East Road 17, Beijing 100083, China; (S.H.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.G.); (X.H.); (Y.G.); (W.H.)
- School of Biomedicine, Beijing City University, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Jielong Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Tsinghua East Road 17, Beijing 100083, China; (S.H.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.G.); (X.H.); (Y.G.); (W.H.)
| | - Xue Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Tsinghua East Road 17, Beijing 100083, China; (S.H.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.G.); (X.H.); (Y.G.); (W.H.)
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yunxiao Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Tsinghua East Road 17, Beijing 100083, China; (S.H.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.G.); (X.H.); (Y.G.); (W.H.)
| | - Weidong Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Tsinghua East Road 17, Beijing 100083, China; (S.H.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.G.); (X.H.); (Y.G.); (W.H.)
| | - Yilin You
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Tsinghua East Road 17, Beijing 100083, China; (S.H.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.G.); (X.H.); (Y.G.); (W.H.)
| | - Jicheng Zhan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Tsinghua East Road 17, Beijing 100083, China; (S.H.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.G.); (X.H.); (Y.G.); (W.H.)
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16
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Koga T, Peters JM. Targeting Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-β/δ (PPARβ/δ) for the Treatment or Prevention of Alcoholic Liver Disease. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:1598-1606. [PMID: 34719638 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Excessive, chronic alcohol consumption can lead to alcoholic liver disease. The etiology of alcoholic liver disease is multifactorial and is influenced by alterations in gene expression and changes in fatty acid metabolism, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance. These events can lead to steatosis, fibrosis, and eventually to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Many of these functions are regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). Thus, it is not surprising that PPARs can modulate the mechanisms that cause alcoholic liver disease. While the roles of PPARα and PPARγ are clearer, the role of PPARβ/δ in alcoholic liver disease requires further clarification. This review summarizes the current understanding based on recent studies that indicate that PPARβ/δ can likely be targeted for the treatment and/or the prevention of alcoholic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Koga
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry, Department of Health Science and Hygiene, Daiichi University of Pharmacy
| | - Jeffrey M Peters
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and the Center of Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University
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17
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Xu XY, Zhao CN, Li BY, Tang GY, Shang A, Gan RY, Feng YB, Li HB. Effects and mechanisms of tea on obesity. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-18. [PMID: 34704503 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1992748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has become a global health concern. It increases the risk of several diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and certain cancers, which threatens human health and increases social economic burden. As one of the most consumed beverages, tea contains various phytochemicals with potent bioactive properties and health-promoting effects, such as antioxidant, immune-regulation, cardiovascular protection and anticancer. Tea and its components are also considered as potential candidates for anti-obesity. Epidemiological studies indicate that regular consumption of tea is beneficial for reducing body fat. In addition, the experimental studies demonstrate that the potential anti-obesity mechanisms of tea are mainly involved in increasing energy expenditure and lipid catabolism, decreasing nutrient digestion and absorption as well as lipid synthesis, and regulating adipocytes, neuroendocrine system and gut microbiota. Moreover, most of clinical studies illustrate that the intake of green tea could reduce body weight and alleviate the obesity. In this review, we focus on the effect of tea and its components on obesity from epidemiological, experimental, and clinical studies, and discuss their potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, China Hong Kong
| | - Cai-Ning Zhao
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, China Hong Kong
| | - Bang-Yan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Yi Tang
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, China Hong Kong
| | - Ao Shang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, China Hong Kong
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi-Bin Feng
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, China Hong Kong
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Xu Y, Yu T, Ma G, Zheng L, Jiang X, Yang F, Wang Z, Li N, He Z, Song X, Wen D, Kong J, Yu Y, Cao L. Berberine modulates deacetylation of PPARγ to promote adipose tissue remodeling and thermogenesis via AMPK/SIRT1 pathway. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:3173-3187. [PMID: 34421358 PMCID: PMC8375237 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.62556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological stimulation of adipose tissue remodeling and thermogenesis to increase energy expenditure is expected to be a viable therapeutic strategy for obesity. Berberine has been reported to have pharmacological activity in adipose tissue to anti-obesity, while the mechanism remains unclear. Here, we observed that berberine significantly reduced the body weight and insulin resistance of high-fat diet mice by promoting the distribution of brown adipose tissue and thermogenesis. We have further demonstrated that berberine activated energy metabolic sensing pathway AMPK/SIRT1 axis to increase the level of PPARγ deacetylation, which leads to promoting adipose tissue remodeling and increasing the expression of the thermogenic protein UCP-1. These findings suggest that berberine that enhances the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway can act as a selective PPARγ activator to promote adipose tissue remodeling and thermogenesis. This study proposes a new mechanism for the regulation of berberine in adipose tissue and offers a great prospect for berberine in obesity treatment
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxi Xu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.,College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China, 110122
| | - Tianhao Yu
- The VIP Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, 110002, China
| | - Guojing Ma
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China, 110122
| | - Lixia Zheng
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China, 110122
| | - Xuehan Jiang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China, 110122
| | - Fan Yang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China, 110122
| | - Zhuo Wang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China, 110122
| | - Na Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China, 110122
| | - Zheng He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China, 110122
| | - Deliang Wen
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Juan Kong
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Yang Yu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China, 110122.,Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Liu Cao
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China, 110122
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19
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Galiazzo G, Tagliavia C, Giancola F, Rinnovati R, Sadeghinezhad J, Bombardi C, Grandis A, Pietra M, Chiocchetti R. Localisation of Cannabinoid and Cannabinoid-Related Receptors in the Horse Ileum. J Equine Vet Sci 2021; 104:103688. [PMID: 34416995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Colic is a common digestive disorder in horses and one of the most urgent problems in equine medicine. A growing body of literature has indicated that the activation of cannabinoid receptors could exert beneficial effects on gastrointestinal inflammation and visceral hypersensitivity. The localisation of cannabinoid and cannabinoid-related receptors in the intestine of the horse has not yet been investigated. The purpose of this study was to immunohistochemically localise the cellular distribution of canonical and putative cannabinoid receptors in the ileum of healthy horses. Distal ileum specimens were collected from six horses at the slaughterhouse. The tissues were fixed and processed to obtain cryosections which were used to investigate the immunoreactivity of canonical cannabinoid receptors 1 (CB1R) and 2 (CB2R), and three putative cannabinoid-related receptors: nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα), transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 and serotonin 5-HT1a receptor (5-HT1aR). Cannabinoid and cannabinoid-related receptors showed a wide distribution in the ileum of the horse. The epithelial cells showed immunoreactivity for CB1R, CB2R and 5-HT1aR. Lamina propria inflammatory cells showed immunoreactivity for CB2R and 5-HT1aR. The enteric neurons showed immunoreactivity for CB1R, transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 and PPARα. The enteric glial cells showed immunoreactivity for CB1R and PPARα. The smooth muscle cells of the tunica muscularis and the blood vessels showed immunoreactivity for PPARα. The present study represents a histological basis which could support additional studies regarding the distribution of cannabinoid receptors during gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases as well as studies assessing the effects of non-psychotic cannabis-derived molecules in horses for the management of intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Galiazzo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (UNI EN ISO 9001:2008), University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Tagliavia
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (UNI EN ISO 9001:2008), University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Fiorella Giancola
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (UNI EN ISO 9001:2008), University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Riccardo Rinnovati
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (UNI EN ISO 9001:2008), University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Javad Sadeghinezhad
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Cristiano Bombardi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (UNI EN ISO 9001:2008), University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Annamaria Grandis
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (UNI EN ISO 9001:2008), University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Pietra
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (UNI EN ISO 9001:2008), University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Chiocchetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (UNI EN ISO 9001:2008), University of Bologna, Italy.
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20
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Orabi D, Berger NA, Brown JM. Abnormal Metabolism in the Progression of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease to Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Mechanistic Insights to Chemoprevention. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3473. [PMID: 34298687 PMCID: PMC8307710 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is on the rise and becoming a major contributor to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Reasons for this include the rise in obesity and metabolic syndrome in contrast to the marked advances in prevention and treatment strategies of viral HCC. These shifts are expected to rapidly propel this trend even further in the coming decades, with NAFLD on course to become the leading etiology of end-stage liver disease and HCC. No Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved medications are currently available for the treatment of NAFLD, and advances are desperately needed. Numerous medications with varying mechanisms of action targeting liver steatosis and fibrosis are being investigated including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonists. Additionally, drugs targeting components of metabolic syndrome, such as antihyperglycemics, have been found to affect NAFLD progression and are now being considered in the treatment of these patients. As NAFLD drug discovery continues, special attention should be given to their relationship to HCC. Several mechanisms in the pathogenesis of NAFLD have been implicated in hepatocarcinogenesis, and therapies aimed at NAFLD may additionally harbor independent antitumorigenic potential. This approach may provide novel prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Orabi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Nathan A. Berger
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - J. Mark Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
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21
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The Glitazars Paradox: Cardiotoxicity of the Metabolically Beneficial Dual PPARα and PPARγ Activation. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 76:514-526. [PMID: 33165133 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The most common complications in patients with type-2 diabetes are hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia that can lead to cardiovascular disease. Alleviation of these complications constitutes the major therapeutic approach for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha and PPARγ are used for the treatment of hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia, respectively. PPARs belong to the nuclear receptors superfamily and regulate fatty acid metabolism. PPARα ligands, such as fibrates, reduce circulating triglyceride levels, and PPARγ agonists, such as thiazolidinediones, improve insulin sensitivity. Dual-PPARα/γ agonists (glitazars) were developed to combine the beneficial effects of PPARα and PPARγ agonism. Although they improved metabolic parameters, they paradoxically aggravated congestive heart failure in patients with type-2 diabetes via mechanisms that remain elusive. Many of the glitazars, such as muraglitazar, tesaglitazar, and aleglitazar, were abandoned in phase-III clinical trials. The objective of this review article pertains to the understanding of how combined PPARα and PPARγ activation, which successfully targets the major complications of diabetes, causes cardiac dysfunction. Furthermore, it aims to suggest interventions that will maintain the beneficial effects of dual PPARα/γ agonism and alleviate adverse cardiac outcomes in diabetes.
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22
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Mukha A, Kalkhoven E, van Mil SWC. Splice variants of metabolic nuclear receptors: Relevance for metabolic disease and therapeutic targeting. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166183. [PMID: 34058349 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic nuclear receptors are ligand-activated transcription factors which control a wide range of metabolic processes and signaling pathways in response to nutrients and xenobiotics. Targeting these NRs is at the forefront of our endeavours to generate novel treatment options for diabetes, metabolic syndrome and fatty liver disease. Numerous splice variants have been described for these metabolic receptors. Structural changes, as a result of alternative splicing, lead to functional differences among NR isoforms, resulting in the regulation of different metabolic pathways by these NR splice variants. In this review, we describe known splice variants of FXR, LXRs, PXR, RXR, LRH-1, CAR and PPARs. We discuss their structure and functions, and elaborate on the regulation of splice variant abundance by nutritional signals. We conclude that NR splice variants pose an intriguing new layer of complexity in metabolic signaling, which needs to be taken into account in the development of treatment strategies for metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mukha
- Center for Molecular Medicine, UMC Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Eric Kalkhoven
- Center for Molecular Medicine, UMC Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia W C van Mil
- Center for Molecular Medicine, UMC Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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23
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Yamazaki T, Li D, Ikaga R. Fish Oil Increases Diet-Induced Thermogenesis in Mice. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:278. [PMID: 34067796 PMCID: PMC8156710 DOI: 10.3390/md19050278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing energy expenditure (EE) is beneficial for preventing obesity. Diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) is one of the components of total EE. Therefore, increasing DIT is effective against obesity. We examined how much fish oil (FO) increased DIT by measuring absolute values of DIT in mice. C57BL/6J male mice were given diets of 30 energy% fat consisting of FO or safflower oil plus butter as control oil (Con). After administration for 9 days, respiration in mice was monitored, and then the data were used to calculate DIT and EE. DIT increased significantly by 1.2-fold in the FO-fed mice compared with the Con-fed mice. Body weight gain was significantly lower in the FO-fed mice. FO increased the levels of uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) mRNA and UCP1 protein in brown adipose tissue (BAT) by 1.5- and 1.2-fold, respectively. In subcutaneous white adipose tissue (subWAT), the levels of Ucp1 mRNA and UCP1 protein were increased by 6.3- and 2.7-fold, respectively, by FO administration. FO also significantly increased the expression of markers of browning in subWAT such as fibroblast growth factor 21 and cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor α-like effector a. Thus, dietary FO seems to increase DIT in mice via the increased expressions of Ucp1 in BAT and induced browning of subWAT. FO might be a promising dietary fat in the prevention of obesity by upregulation of energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Yamazaki
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan; (D.L.); (R.I.)
| | - Dongyang Li
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan; (D.L.); (R.I.)
- The Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Reina Ikaga
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan; (D.L.); (R.I.)
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24
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Zhou R, Lin C, Cheng Y, Zhuo X, Li Q, Xu W, Zhao L, Yang L. Liraglutide Alleviates Hepatic Steatosis and Liver Injury in T2MD Rats via a GLP-1R Dependent AMPK Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:600175. [PMID: 33746742 PMCID: PMC7970416 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.600175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), ranging from non-alcoholic fatty liver to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, can be prevalent in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, no antidiabetic drug has been approved for the treatment of NAFLD in T2DM patients. Multiple daily injections of basal-bolus insulin are often the final therapeutic option for T2DM. We found that insulin treatment aggravated hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. In addition to glycaemic control, we demonstrated the stimulatory role of liraglutide in relieving hepatic steatosis and liver injury in ZDF rats. Interestingly, liraglutide could also alleviate insulin-aggravated hepatic fatty accumulation. The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists liraglutide and Ex-4 activated the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) via a GLP-1 receptor-dependent 5′ AMP-activated protein kinase pathway. As a nuclear transcription factor, PPARα could mediate the effect of GLP-1 in alleviating hepatic steatosis by differentially regulating the expression of its target genes, including acetyl CoA carboxylase and carnitine palmitoyl transferase la both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, GLP-1 could relieve liver injury by decreasing oxidative stress stimulated by hepatic steatosis. Insulin might aggravate hepatic steatosis and liver injury by inhibiting GLP-1R expression. The findings indicate the feasibility of liraglutide treatment combined with basal insulin in attenuating hepatic steatosis and liver injury in ZDF rats. This knowledge, and the evidence for the underlying mechanism, provide a theoretical basis for the combination treatment recommended by the latest clinical practice guidelines for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhou
- Department of Nutrition, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuman Lin
- Department of Nutrition, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanzhen Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhuo
- Department of Nutrition, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Li
- Department of Nutrition, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Nutrition, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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25
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Saw EL, Ramachandran S, Valero-Muñoz M, Sam F. Skeletal muscle (dys)function in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Curr Opin Cardiol 2021; 36:219-226. [PMID: 33394707 PMCID: PMC7895420 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0000000000000824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Skeletal muscle dysfunction contributes to exercise intolerance, which manifests as dyspnea and fatiguability in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). This review aims to summarize the current understanding of skeletal muscle dysfunction in HFpEF. RECENT FINDINGS Animal and human studies in HFpEF provide insights into the pathophysiological alterations in skeletal muscle structure and function with the identification of several molecular mechanisms. Exercise training and novel pharmacological therapies that target skeletal muscle are proposed as therapeutic interventions to treat HFpEF. SUMMARY There is evidence that skeletal muscle dysfunction plays a pathophysiological role in HFpEF. However, precise mechanistic insights are needed to understand the contribution of skeletal muscle dysfunction in HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eng Leng Saw
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Swetha Ramachandran
- Evans Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Maria Valero-Muñoz
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Flora Sam
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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26
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Wu L, Li J, Feng J, Ji J, Yu Q, Li Y, Zheng Y, Dai W, Wu J, Guo C. Crosstalk between PPARs and gut microbiota in NAFLD. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 136:111255. [PMID: 33485064 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common liver disorder in both China and worldwide. It ranges from simple steatosis and progresses over time to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), advanced liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, or hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Furthermore, NAFLD and its complications impose a huge health burden to society. The microbiota is widely connected and plays an active role in human physiology and pathology, and it is a hidden 'organ' in determining the state of the host, in terms of homeostasis, or disease. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear receptorsuperfamily and can regulate multiple pathways involved in metabolism, and serve as effective targets forthe treatment of many types of metabolic syndromes, including NAFLD. The purpose of this review is to integrate related articles on gut microbiota, PPARs and NAFLD, and present a balanced overview on how the microbiota can possibly influence the development of NAFLD through PPARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200060, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People'sHospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200060, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People'sHospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Jiao Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People'sHospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Jie Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People'sHospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People'sHospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People'sHospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People'sHospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Weiqi Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200060, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People'sHospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Jianye Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200060, China.
| | - Chuanyong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People'sHospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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The potential ameliorative impacts of cerium oxide nanoparticles against fipronil-induced hepatic steatosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1310. [PMID: 33446707 PMCID: PMC7809457 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79479-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fipronil (FIP) is a phenylpyrazole insecticide that is commonly used in agricultural and veterinary fields for controlling a wide range of insects, but it is a strong environmentally toxic substance. Exposure to FIP has been reported to increase the hepatic fat accumulation through altered lipid metabolism, which ultimately can contribute to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development. The present study aimed to examine the function of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeNPs) in protecting against hepatotoxicity and lipogenesis induced by FIP. Twenty-eight male albino rats were classified into four groups: FIP (5 mg/kg/day per os), CTR, CeNPs (35 mg/kg/day p.o.), and FIP + CeNPs (5 (FIP) + 35 (CeNPs) mg/kg/day p.o.) for 28 consecutive days. Serum lipid profiles, hepatic antioxidant parameters and pathology, and mRNA expression of adipocytokines were assessed. The results revealed that FIP increased cholesterol, height-density lipoprotein, triacylglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c), and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL-c) concentrations. It also increased nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) hepatic levels and reduced glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activities. Additionally, FIP up-regulated the fatty acid-binding protein (FABP), acetyl Co-A carboxylase (ACC1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-α). Immunohistochemically, a strong proliferation of cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) reactions in the endothelial cells of the hepatic sinusoids, and increased expression of caspase3 were observed following FIP intoxication. FIP also caused histological changes in hepatic tissue. The CeNPs counteracted the hepatotoxic effect of FIP exposure. So, this study recorded an ameliorative effect of CeNPs against FIP-induced hepatotoxicity.
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28
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Tan Y, Wang M, Yang K, Chi T, Liao Z, Wei P. PPAR-α Modulators as Current and Potential Cancer Treatments. Front Oncol 2021; 11:599995. [PMID: 33833983 PMCID: PMC8021859 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.599995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. PPAR modulators may hold great potential for the management of cancer patients. Indeed, PPARs are critical sensors and regulators of lipid, and they are able to promote eNOS activation, regulate immunity and inflammation response, and affect proliferation and differentiation of cancer cells. Cancer, a name given to a group of diseases, is characterized by multiple distinctive biological behaviors, including angiogenesis, abnormal cell proliferation, aerobic glycolysis, inflammation, etc. In the last decade, emerging evidence has shown that PPAR-α, a nuclear hormone receptor, can modulate carcinogenesis via exerting effects on one or several characteristic pathological behaviors of cancer. Therefore, the multi-functional PPAR modulators have substantial promise in various types of cancer therapies. This review aims to consolidate the functions of PPAR-α, as well as discuss the current and potential applications of PPAR-α agonists and antagonists in tackling cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mina Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tiange Chi
- The First Clinical Medical School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zehuan Liao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Stockholm, Sweden
- Zehuan Liao
| | - Peng Wei
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Wei
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29
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Suwik K, Sinderewicz E, Boruszewska D, Kowalczyk-Zięba I, Staszkiewicz-Chodor J, Łukaszuk K, Wocławek-Potocka I. mRNA Expression and Role of PPARγ and PPARδ in Bovine Preimplantation Embryos Depending on the Quality and Developmental Stage. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122358. [PMID: 33321737 PMCID: PMC7763280 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The results of the presented study proved that in vitro produced early- and late- cleaved bovine embryos express mRNA of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) at all stages of early development (2-, 4-, 16-cell embryo, morula, blastocyst). The expression of PPARδ and PPARγ was correlated with the expression of quality markers in bovine blastocysts [sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2), octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4), placenta-specific 8 (PLAC8), insulin-like growth receptor (IGF1R)]. It was found that in the group of early-cleaved embryos, which is after about 30 h after fertilization, positive correlations were stronger and more frequent, whereas the negative correlations were typical for group of late-cleaved embryos, which have a first cleave after 36 h. Abstract Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), a nuclear receptors for prostacyclin (PGI2) have been recognized as being essential for early embryo development. The objectives of the present study were to determine if the bovine early- and late-cleaved embryos in different stages of early development express PPARγ and PPARδ. Since embryo developmental competence depends on numerous biological factors, we evaluated if the expression of PPARγ and PPARδ correlate with selected embryo quality markers (SOX2, OCT4, PLAC8, IGF1R) in the in vitro produced embryos at different stages of their development. Developmental rates and embryo quality for early- and late-cleaved embryos were provided according to International Embryo Transfer Society (IETS; developmental stages: 2-, 4-, 16-cell embryo, morula, blastocyst (1—early, 2—developing, 3—expanded, 4—hatched); quality stages: A—high quality, B—moderate quality, C—low quality). We found that bovine embryos expressed mRNA of PPARδ and PPARγ at all stages of early development, independently of their quality. In addition, the expression of PPARδ and PPARγ correlated with the expression of quality markers in bovine blastocysts. Positive correlations were stronger and more frequent in the group of early-cleaved embryos, whereas the negative correlations were typical for the group of late-cleaved embryos. Obtained results and available literature reports may indicate the participation of PGI2, via PPARδ and PPARγ, in the processes related to the early embryo development, through the participation of this factor in the modulation of blastocyst hatching, implantation, and post-implantation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Suwik
- Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.S.); (E.S.); (D.B.); (I.K.-Z.); (J.S.-C.)
| | - Emilia Sinderewicz
- Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.S.); (E.S.); (D.B.); (I.K.-Z.); (J.S.-C.)
| | - Dorota Boruszewska
- Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.S.); (E.S.); (D.B.); (I.K.-Z.); (J.S.-C.)
| | - Ilona Kowalczyk-Zięba
- Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.S.); (E.S.); (D.B.); (I.K.-Z.); (J.S.-C.)
| | - Joanna Staszkiewicz-Chodor
- Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.S.); (E.S.); (D.B.); (I.K.-Z.); (J.S.-C.)
| | - Krzysztof Łukaszuk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecological Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Medical Center of Postgraduate Education, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
- INVICTA Fertility and Reproductive Center, 80-850 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Izabela Wocławek-Potocka
- Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.S.); (E.S.); (D.B.); (I.K.-Z.); (J.S.-C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-895393155
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30
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Jordao AA, Canale A, Brunaldi M, Zucoloto S. Hepatic ballooning degeneration: a new feature of the refeeding syndrome in rats. Clin Exp Hepatol 2020; 6:327-334. [PMID: 33511280 PMCID: PMC7816639 DOI: 10.5114/ceh.2020.102151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Hepatic changes have been described during the refeeding syndrome due to increase in enzymes and hepatomegaly; however, they have not been properly described. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the hepatic histological characteristics and biochemical markers of hepatic steatosis in Wistar rats with refeeding syndrome. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty male Wistar rats were allocated to one of three groups: C, F or R. The animals from group C received an AIN-93 diet for 96 hours, and were then sacrificed. Animals allocated to group F were fasted for 48 hours and sacrificed. Animals from group R were also fasted for 48 hours, but were refed for another 48 hours, with AIN-93. The liver, blood and epididymal and retroperitoneal fats were collected. RESULTS Data obtained in groups F and R show the changes observed in refeeding syndrome, during starvation and refeeding. The serum glucose, magnesium, potassium and phosphorus, in group F, decreased. There was no evidence of hepatic steatosis. Hypophosphatemia, hypomagnesemia and hypokalemia were also observed in group R, confirming refeeding syndrome. The main histological characteristic, in this group, was the extensive presence of ballooning degeneration. This is the first article that has detected such change in liver structure, due to refeeding syndrome. The possible causes are: retention of sodium, causing whole body edema; and/or dysfunction of the sodium/potassium pump of the hepatocytes, as a result of hypophosphatemia. CONCLUSIONS This is the first description of an animal model of hepatic severe ballooning degeneration induced due to refeeding syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alceu Afonso Jordao
- Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Brazil
| | - Amanda Canale
- Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Brazil
| | - Mariângela Brunaldi
- Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Brazil
| | - Sergio Zucoloto
- Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Brazil
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31
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Brown SM, Larsen NK, Thankam FG, Agrawal DK. Fetal cardiomyocyte phenotype, ketone body metabolism, and mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathology of atrial fibrillation. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 476:1165-1178. [PMID: 33188453 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03980-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia diagnosed in clinical practice. Even though hypertension, congestive heart failure, pulmonary disease, and coronary artery disease are the potential risk factors for AF, the underlying molecular pathology is largely unknown. The reversion of the mature cardiomyocytes to fetal phenotype, impaired ketone body metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the cellular effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the major underlying biochemical events associated with the molecular pathology of AF. On this background, the present manuscript sheds light into these biochemical events in regard to the metabolic derangements in cardiomyocyte leading to AF, especially with respect to structural, contractile, and electrophysiological properties. In addition, the article critically reviews the current understanding, potential demerits, and translational strategies in the management of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Brown
- Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
| | | | - Finosh G Thankam
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E. Second Street, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E. Second Street, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA.
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32
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Özbeyli D, Gürler EB, Buzcu H, Çilingir-Kaya ÖT, Çam ME, Yüksel M. Astaxanthin alleviates oxidative damage in acute pancreatitis via direct antioxidant mechanisms. TURKISH JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2020; 31:706-712. [PMID: 33169708 DOI: 10.5152/tjg.2020.19520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Astaxanthin (ATX) is a naturally occurring carotenoid and a potent antioxidant. Various anti-inflammatory effects of ATX have been examined. We aimed to investigate the protective effect of ATX and its mechanism in a cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rats were randomized into 2 main groups as control (C) and acute pancreatitis group (AP). AP group was subsequently divided into subgroups as AP+vehicle (AP), AP+ATX, and ATX+peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha antagonist GW6471 (ATX+GW) groups. To induce AP, the rats were administered cerulein (50 µg/kg, intraperitonally [ip]) at 1 hour intervals, whereas the C group received saline. The AP group was treated with vehicle olive oil, ATX 40 mg/kg/orally, or GW6471 and ATX (GW1 mg/kg/ip; ATX; 40 mg/kg/peroral). Treatments were administered after the 1st cerulein injection. At the 7th hour after the final injection, the rats were killed and the pancreatic tissue was used for the determination of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities and luminol-lucigenin chemiluminescence levels. Serum amylase, lipase, and histopathological analyses were performed. RESULTS Elevated serum lipase and amylase levels in the vehicle-treated AP group (p<0.01) decreased in the ATX and ATX+GW groups (p<0.05). In the AP groups, GSH was reduced and MDA, MPO, luminol, and lucigenin levels were increased (p<0.05-0.001). ATX reversed these changes (p<0.05-0.001). The vehicle-treated group revealed significant severe cytoplasmic degeneration and vacuolization, whereas ATX ameliorated these destructions. GW6471 did not abolish the positive effects of ATX biochemically or histologically. CONCLUSION ATX has a potent protective effect on AP via its radical scavenging and antioxidant properties. Therefore, we believe that ATX may have therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Özbeyli
- Department of Medical Pathological Techniques, Marmara University, Vocational School of Health Services, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Bihter Gürler
- Department of Physiology, Atlas University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Hülya Buzcu
- Department of Physiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Muhammet Emin Çam
- Department of Pharmacology, Marmara University School of Pharmacy, İstanbul, Turkey; University College London, Department of Mechanical Engineering,Torrington Place, London, UK
| | - Meral Yüksel
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Marmara University Vocational School of Health Services, İstanbul, Turkey
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Cabral-Santos C, Silveira LS, Chimin P, Rosa-Neto JC, Lira FS. Moderate aerobic exercise-induced cytokines changes are disturbed in PPARα knockout mice. Cytokine 2020; 134:155207. [PMID: 32693363 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear transcriptional factor peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARα) plays a role in regulating genes involved in lipid metabolism, adipogenesis and inflammation. We aimed to assess the role of PPARα on exercise-mediated locally produced cytokines in adipose fat deposits and skeletal muscle. C57BL/6 (WT) and PPARα knockout (PPARα-/-) mice were examined. Each genotype was randomly subdivided into three groups: non-exercised, and euthanized 2 or 24 h after a moderate aerobic exercise session (run on a treadmill at 60% of maximum speed for 1 h). Fat content in gastrocnemius muscle and lipolytic activity in isolated adipose tissue from mesenteric (MEAT) and retroperitoneal (RPAT) adipose tissue were evaluated. In addition, Interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) content were evaluated by ELISA. WT mice showed a maximum lipolysis rate, as well as higher IL-6, IL-10, and IL10/TNF-α ratio values 2 h post-exercise (RPAT only) compared with PPARα-/- mice. Taken together, our data suggests that PPARα knockout mice exhibited reduced lipolysis and anti-inflammatory response in adipose tissue following exercise, PPARα appears to play an important role in immunomodulatory and lipolysis signaling after acute moderate exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Cabral-Santos
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Loreana Sanches Silveira
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Chimin
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Departamento de Fundamentos da Educação Física, Londrina, Brazil
| | - José Cesar Rosa-Neto
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Fábio Santos Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
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Fougerat A, Montagner A, Loiseau N, Guillou H, Wahli W. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and Their Novel Ligands as Candidates for the Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Cells 2020; 9:E1638. [PMID: 32650421 PMCID: PMC7408116 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major health issue worldwide, frequently associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Steatosis is the initial stage of the disease, which is characterized by lipid accumulation in hepatocytes, which can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with inflammation and various levels of fibrosis that further increase the risk of developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is influenced by interactions between genetic and environmental factors and involves several biological processes in multiple organs. No effective therapy is currently available for the treatment of NAFLD. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors that regulate many functions that are disturbed in NAFLD, including glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as inflammation. Thus, they represent relevant clinical targets for NAFLD. In this review, we describe the determinants and mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of NAFLD, its progression and complications, as well as the current therapeutic strategies that are employed. We also focus on the complementary and distinct roles of PPAR isotypes in many biological processes and on the effects of first-generation PPAR agonists. Finally, we review novel and safe PPAR agonists with improved efficacy and their potential use in the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Fougerat
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRAE), ToxAlim, UMR1331 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (N.L.); (H.G.)
| | - Alexandra Montagner
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRAE), ToxAlim, UMR1331 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (N.L.); (H.G.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, UMR1048 Toulouse, France
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Toulouse, UMR1048 Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Loiseau
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRAE), ToxAlim, UMR1331 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (N.L.); (H.G.)
| | - Hervé Guillou
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRAE), ToxAlim, UMR1331 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (N.L.); (H.G.)
| | - Walter Wahli
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRAE), ToxAlim, UMR1331 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (N.L.); (H.G.)
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Université de Lausanne, Le Génopode, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Investigating the Role of PPARβ/δ in Retinal Vascular Remodeling Using Pparβ/ δ-Deficient Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124403. [PMID: 32575793 PMCID: PMC7353058 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)β/δ is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors, which plays fundamental roles in cell proliferation and differentiation, inflammation, adipogenesis, and energy homeostasis. Previous studies demonstrated a reduced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in Pparβ/δ-deficient mice. However, PPARβ/δ's role in physiological blood vessel formation and vessel remodeling in the retina has yet to be established. Our study showed that PPARβ/δ is specifically required for disordered blood vessel formation in the retina. We further demonstrated an increased arteriovenous crossover and wider venous caliber in Pparβ/δ-haplodeficient mice. In summary, these results indicated a critical role of PPARβ/δ in pathological angiogenesis and blood vessel remodeling in the retina.
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Effect of β-sitosterol on glucose homeostasis by sensitization of insulin resistance via enhanced protein expression of PPRγ and glucose transporter 4 in high fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Cytotechnology 2020; 72:357-366. [PMID: 32124158 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-020-00382-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE β-Sitosterol is a plant derived compound similar to cholesterol structure and used in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, prostate cancer, breast cancer and coronary artery disease. But no studies have been reported the effect of β-sitosterol on glucose homeostasis by sensitization of insulin resistance via enhanced protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in insulin dependent tissues of high fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Type 2 diabetes was induced in male albino Wistar rats by feeding them with high fat diet comprising of 84.3% standard laboratory chow, 5% lard, 10% yolk powder, 0.2% cholesterol and 0.5% bile salt for 2 weeks. After 2 weeks, the animals were kept in an overnight fast and injected with low dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg, dissolved in 0.1 M sodium citrate buffer, pH 4.5). Analysis of blood glucose, insulin, hemoglobin and glycated hemoglobin were done by commercially available diagnostic kits. The PPARγ and GLUT4 were analyzed by western blotting using respective primary and secondary antibodies. RESULTS Upon administration of β-sitosterol at a dose of 15 mg/kg body weight per day to high fat diet and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats for 30 days significantly decreased the levels of plasma glucose, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance and glycosylated hemoglobin and increased the levels of insulin, hemoglobin and protein expression of PPARγ and GLUT4 in insulin dependent tissues. Furthermore, β-sitosterol administration prevented the body weight loss and excessive intake of food and water. CONCLUSION These finding suggest that β-sitosterol can replace the commercial drugs which could lead to reduction in toxicity and side effect caused by the later as well as reduce the secondary complications.
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Localization of cannabinoid and cannabinoid related receptors in the cat gastrointestinal tract. Histochem Cell Biol 2020; 153:339-356. [PMID: 32095931 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-020-01854-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of literature indicates that activation of cannabinoid receptors may exert beneficial effects on gastrointestinal inflammation and visceral hypersensitivity. The present study aimed to immunohistochemically investigate the distribution of the canonical cannabinoid receptors CB1 (CB1R) and CB2 (CB2R) and the putative cannabinoid receptors G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55), nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), and serotonin receptor 5-HT1a 5-HT1aR) in tissue samples of the gastrointestinal tract of the cat. CB1R-immunoreactivity (CB1R-IR) was observed in gastric epithelial cells, intestinal enteroendocrine cells (EECs) and goblet cells, lamina propria mast cells (MCs), and enteric neurons. CB2R-IR was expressed by EECs, enterocytes, and macrophages. GPR55-IR was expressed by EECs, macrophages, immunocytes, and MP neurons. PPARα-IR was expressed by immunocytes, smooth muscle cells, and enteroglial cells. TRPA1-IR was expressed by enteric neurons and intestinal goblet cells. 5-HT1a receptor-IR was expressed by gastrointestinal epithelial cells and gastric smooth muscle cells. Cannabinoid receptors showed a wide distribution in the feline gastrointestinal tract layers. Although not yet confirmed/supported by functional evidences, the present research might represent an anatomical substrate potentially useful to support, in feline species, the therapeutic use of cannabinoids during gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases.
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Virtue S, Petkevicius K, Moreno-Navarrete JM, Jenkins B, Hart D, Dale M, Koulman A, Fernández-Real JM, Vidal-Puig A. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ2 Controls the Rate of Adipose Tissue Lipid Storage and Determines Metabolic Flexibility. Cell Rep 2020; 24:2005-2012.e7. [PMID: 30134163 PMCID: PMC6113930 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One understudied function of white adipose tissue (AT) is its role in postprandial lipid buffering. In this study, we demonstrate that mice lacking the adipose tissue-specific transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2 (PPARγ2) exhibit a defect in their rate of adipose tissue lipid storage. Impaired adipose tissue storage rate reduces metabolic flexibility, without compromising fasted glucose tolerance or insulin sensitivity, even following prolonged high-fat feeding. However, acutely overfeeding PPARγ2-KO mice caused a 10-fold increase in insulin levels compared with controls. Although impaired adipose tissue storage rate did not result in insulin resistance in young mice, 1-year-old PPARγ2-KO mice developed skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Our data indicate that failed adipose tissue storage may occur prior to defects in glucose handling and that overfeeding protocols may uncover genes controlling adipose tissue storage rate, as opposed to capacity, and act as a diagnostic test for early-stage human metabolic disease. Mice lacking PPARγ2 have impaired adipose tissue lipid storage rate Low adipose tissue storage rate leads to metabolic inflexibility Acute hypercaloric challenges can detect impaired adipose tissue lipid storage rate Chronic adipose tissue metabolic inflexibility leads to insulin resistance with age
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Virtue
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Kasparas Petkevicius
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - José Maria Moreno-Navarrete
- Biomedical Research Institute of Girona (IDIBGI), CIBERobn Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition, Hospital of Girona "Dr. Josep Trueta," Avinguda de França s/n, and Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Benjamin Jenkins
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Daniel Hart
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Martin Dale
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Albert Koulman
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - José Manuel Fernández-Real
- Biomedical Research Institute of Girona (IDIBGI), CIBERobn Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition, Hospital of Girona "Dr. Josep Trueta," Avinguda de França s/n, and Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK.
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Wang N, Lu HY, Li X, Du YJ, Meng WH, Ding HW, Zhao QC. ZW290 Increases Cold Tolerance by Inducing Thermogenesis via the Upregulation of Uncoupling Protein 1 in Brown Adipose Tissue In Vitro and In Vivo. Lipids 2020; 54:265-276. [PMID: 31087415 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
To provide molecular evidence on the thermogenic mechanism of primary brown adipocytes, western blot analysis was used to detect brown adipose tissue (BAT)-specific gene expressions. BAT protects the mammals from hypothermia injury with a large amount of mitochondria and high expression of uncoupling Protein 1 (UCP1), which is the vital protein to determine the heat production in BAT. In our previous study, the compound ZW290 (the structure shown in Fig. 1) was obtained by molecular docking with a UCP1 inducer. In the present study, ZW290 not only significantly upregulated the expression of UCP1 protein (p < 0.01) and its related signaling pathway in the primary brown adipocytes, but also remarkably decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential and the concentration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (p < 0.01). Kunming (KM) mice were kept under acute cold exposure (-20°C) to evaluate the preventive and protective effects of ZW290 on cold injury, and revealed its regulating mechanism in vitro. The rectal and body temperatures of ZW290-treated mice were significantly higher than those of the control (or model) group both at room temperature and at -20°C (p < 0.001). Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemistry indicated that ZW290 notably decreased the size of lipid droplets in BAT and increased the content of mitochondria and the expression of UCP1 in BAT and white adipose tissue (WAT). Furthermore, the survival rate showed that ZW290 could prolong the overall survival of mice. Therefore, we obtained the conclusion that ZW290 might transform energy into heat by inhibiting ATP synthesis and increasing the expression of UCP1. Additionally, ZW290 may enhance cold tolerance by increasing heat production through increasing the content of mitochondria and the expression of UCP1 in BAT and WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Wenhua Road No. 83, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110840, China.,Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Wenhua Road No. 103, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hong-Yuan Lu
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Wenhua Road No. 103, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Wenhua Road No. 83, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110840, China
| | - Ya-Jie Du
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Wenhua Road No. 103, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wei-Hong Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Wenhua Road No. 83, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110840, China
| | - Huai-Wei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Wenhua Road No. 103, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qing-Chun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Wenhua Road No. 83, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110840, China.,Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Wenhua Road No. 103, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
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Feng J, Xu H, Pan F, Hu J, Wu Y, Lin N, Zhang X, Ji C, Hu Y, Zhong H, Yan L, Zhong T, Cui X. An Integrated Analysis of mRNA and lncRNA Expression Profiles Indicates Their Potential Contribution to Brown Fat Dysfunction With Aging. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:46. [PMID: 32127793 PMCID: PMC7039067 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) can convert fatty acids and glucose into heat, exhibiting the potential to combat obesity and diabetes. The mass and activity of BAT gradually diminishes with aging. As a newly found regulator of gene expression, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) exhibit a wide range of functions in life processes. However, whether long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) involves in BAT dysfunction with aging is still unclear. Here, using RNA-sequencing technology, we identified 3237 messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and 1312 lncRNAs as differentially expressed in BAT of 10-months-old mice compared with 6- to 8-week-old. The protein-protein interaction network and k-score analysis revealed that the core mRNAs were associated with two important aging-related pathways, including cell cycle and p53 signaling pathway. Gene set enrichment analysis indicated that these mRNAs might participate in lipid metabolism and brown fat dysfunction. Functional enrichment analyses demonstrated that dysregulated lncRNAs were associated with mitochondria, regulation of cellular senescence, cell cycle, metabolic and p53 signaling pathways. Moreover, we revealed that two lncRNAs (NONMMUT024512 and n281160) may involve in the regulation of their adjacent gene peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (Pparα), a thermogenesis regulator. Collectively, these results lay a foundation for extensive studies on the role of lncRNAs in age-related thermogenic degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Feng
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Haoqin Xu
- Jiangsu Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Fenghui Pan
- Department of Geriatrics, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaojiao Hu
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yulin Wu
- Jiangsu Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Lin
- Jiangsu Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenbo Ji
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Zhong
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Linping Yan
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianying Zhong
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Tianying Zhong
| | - Xianwei Cui
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Xianwei Cui
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Vergani L. Fatty Acids and Effects on In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Liver Steatosis. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:3439-3456. [PMID: 28521680 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170518101334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty liver, or steatosis, is a condition of excess accumulation of lipids, mainly under form of triglycerides (TG), in the liver, and it is the hallmark of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is the most common liver disorder world-wide and it has frequently been associated with obesity, hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance. Free fatty acids (FA) are the major mediators of hepatic steatosis; patients with NAFLD have elevated levels of circulating FA that correlate with disease severity. METHODS Steatosis is a reversible condition that can be resolved with changed behaviors, or that can progress towards more severe liver damages such as steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis and cirrhosis. In NAFLD, FA of exogenous or endogenous origin accumulate in the hepatocytes and trigger liver damages. Excess TG are stored in cytosolic lipid droplets (LDs) that are dynamic organelles acting as hubs for lipid metabolism. RESULTS In the first part of this review, we briefly reassumed the main classes of FA and their chemical classification as a function of the presence and number of double bonds, their metabolic pathways and effects on human health. Then, we summarized the main genetic and diet-induced animal models of NAFLD, as well as the cellular models of NAFLD. CONCLUSIONS In recent years, both the diet-induced animal models of NAFLD as well as the cellular models of NAFLD have found ever more application to investigate the mechanisms involved in NAFLD, and we referred to their advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Vergani
- DISTAV, Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genova, Italy
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Peters JM, Walter V, Patterson AD, Gonzalez FJ. Unraveling the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-β/δ (PPARβ/δ) expression in colon carcinogenesis. NPJ Precis Oncol 2019; 3:26. [PMID: 31602402 PMCID: PMC6779880 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-019-0098-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated-β/δ (PPARβ/δ) was identified in 1994, but not until 1999 was PPARβ/δ suggested to be involved in carcinogenesis. Initially, it was hypothesized that expression of PPARβ/δ was increased during colon cancer progression, which led to increased transcription of yet-to-be confirmed target genes that promote cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. It was also hypothesized at this time that lipid-metabolizing enzymes generated lipid metabolites that served as ligands for PPARβ/δ. These hypothetical mechanisms were attractive because they potentially explained how non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inhibited tumorigenesis by potentially limiting the concentration of endogenous PPARβ/δ ligands that could activate this receptor that was increased in cancer cells. However, during the last 20 years, considerable research was undertaken describing expression of PPARβ/δ in normal and cancer cells that has led to a significant impact on the mechanisms by which PPARβ/δ functions in carcinogenesis. Whereas results from earlier studies led to much uncertainty about the role of PPARβ/δ in cancer, more recent analyses of large databases have revealed a more consistent understanding. The focus of this review is on the fundamental level of PPARβ/δ expression in normal tissues and cancerous tissue as described by studies during the past two decades and what has been delineated during this timeframe about how PPARβ/δ expression influences carcinogenesis, with an emphasis on colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Peters
- 1Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Center of Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16801 USA
| | - Vonn Walter
- 2Departments of Public Health Sciences and Biochemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, State College, PA 16801 USA
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- 1Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Center of Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16801 USA
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- 3Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD USA
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Jin X, Xue B, Ahmed RZ, Ding G, Li Z. Fine particles cause the abnormality of cardiac ATP levels via PPARɑ-mediated utilization of fatty acid and glucose using in vivo and in vitro models. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 249:286-294. [PMID: 30897468 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.02.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Ambient fine particle (PM2.5) is one of the potential risk factors for the cardiovascular disease, which is characterized by a marked shift in energy substrate preference leading to the reduction of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis. The metabolic adaptation is brought about by alterations in substrate transporters. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of seasonal PM2.5 exposure on alteration of cardiac ATP content. Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were exposed to summer and winter PM2.5 for two months to generate a cardiac damage phenotype, characterized by apoptosis, lipid peroxidation, and ATP depletion. Reduced fatty acid content and elevated glucose content were observed in haze dose PM2.5-exposed SD rats and rat cardiomyocyte cells. Expressions of their transporters in PM2.5-treated groups exhibited the homologous trends. Moreover, PM2.5 exposure repressed the expression and translocation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) in a dose-dependent manner. However, the addition of WY-14643 (an inhibitor of PPARα) prominently alleviated the above phenomenons. The effect of PM2.5 in winter was found to be more serious than in summer. These results demonstrated that seasonal PM2.5 exposure causes the abnormality of cardiac ATP generation through the regulation of PPARα-mediated selection and utilization of energy substrates and their transporters. This study contributes in better understanding of haze-induced cardiovascular disease by revealing crucial indicators involved in this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Jin
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bin Xue
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China; Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rifat Zubair Ahmed
- Dept. of Genetics, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guobin Ding
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhuoyu Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China; School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
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44
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Broekema M, Savage D, Monajemi H, Kalkhoven E. Gene-gene and gene-environment interactions in lipodystrophy: Lessons learned from natural PPARγ mutants. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:715-732. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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45
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Li WD, Xia JR, Lian YS. MiR-15b can target insulin receptor to regulate hepatic insulin signaling in mice. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2019; 23:82-89. [PMID: 30949394 PMCID: PMC6440518 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2019.1583125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Now diabetes is growing to be a health problems globally. However, its specific pathogenesis still needs further exploration. Here we showed that miR-15b was upregulated in the palmitate-induced HepG2 cells and livers of hyperglycemic mice. At the same time, we confirmed that the insulin receptor was a direct target of miR-15b. Then we found that the manipulation of miR-15b expression level could affect the insulin signaling pathway of HepG2 cells and the inhibition of miR-15b in liver of ob/ob mice can improve insulin sensitivity of mice. Furthermore, our study demonstrated that palmitate could upregulate the expression of miR-15b by activating PPARα. Our findings established PPARα-responsive miR-15b as a critical regulator of hepatic insulin signaling, thus serving as a new potential therapeutic target for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Dong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Rong Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Shu Lian
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Jiangsu health vacation College, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
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46
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Komiya Y, Nakamura T, Ishii M, Shimizu K, Hiraki E, Kawabata F, Nakamura M, Tatsumi R, Ikeuchi Y, Mizunoya W. Increase in muscle endurance in mice by dietary Yamabushitake mushroom (Hericium erinaceus) possibly via activation of PPARδ. Anim Sci J 2019; 90:781-789. [PMID: 30938015 PMCID: PMC6594082 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle fiber is largely classified into two types: type 1 (slow‐twitch) and type 2 (fast‐twitch) fibers. Meat quality and composition of fiber types are thought to be closely related. Previous research showed that overexpression of constitutively active peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR)δ, a nuclear receptor present in skeletal muscle, increased type 1 fibers in mice. In this study, we found that hexane extracts of Yamabushitake mushroom (Hericium erinaceus) showed PPARδ agonistic activity in vitro. Eight‐week‐old C57BL/6J mice were fed a diet supplemented with 5% (w/w) freeze‐dried Yamabushitake mushroom for 24 hr. After the treatment period, the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were excised. The Yamabushitake‐supplemented diet up‐regulated the PPARδ target genes Pdk4 and Ucp3 in mouse skeletal muscles in vivo. Furthermore, feeding the Yamabushitake‐supplemented diet to mice for 8 weeks resulted in a significant increase in muscle endurance. These results indicate that Yamabushitake mushroom contains PPARδ agonistic ligands and that dietary intake of Yamabushitake mushroom could activate PPARδ in skeletal muscle of mice. Unexpectedly, we observed no significant alterations in composition of muscle fiber types between the mice fed control and Yamabushitake‐supplemented diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Komiya
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Japan.,Department of Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiya Nakamura
- Department of Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Momoko Ishii
- Department of Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kuniyoshi Shimizu
- Department of Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eri Hiraki
- Department of Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Fuminori Kawabata
- Department of Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Mako Nakamura
- Department of Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Tatsumi
- Department of Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Ikeuchi
- Department of Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Wataru Mizunoya
- Department of Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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47
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Moreno-Santos I, Garcia-Serrano S, Boughanem H, Garrido-Sanchez L, Tinahones FJ, Garcia-Fuentes E, Macias-Gonzalez M. The Antagonist Effect of Arachidonic Acid on GLUT4 Gene Expression by Nuclear Receptor Type II Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040963. [PMID: 30813326 PMCID: PMC6412497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Obesity is a complex disease that has a strong association with diet and lifestyle. Dietary factors can influence the expression of key genes connected to insulin resistance, lipid metabolism, and adipose tissue composition. In this study, our objective was to determine gene expression and fatty acid (FA) profiles in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) from lean and morbidly obese individuals. We also aimed to study the agonist effect of dietary factors on glucose metabolism. DESIGN AND METHODS Lean and low and high insulin resistance morbidly obese subjects (LIR-MO and HIR-MO) were included in this study. The gene expression of liver X receptor type alpha (LXR-α) and glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) and the FA profiles in VAT were determined. Additionally, the in vivo and in vitro agonist effects of oleic acid (OA), linoleic acid (LA), and arachidonic acid (AA) by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor type gamma 2 (PPAR-γ2) on the activity of GLUT4 were studied. RESULTS Our results showed a dysregulation of GLUT4 and LXR-α in VAT of morbidly obese subjects. In addition, a specific FA profile for morbidly obese individuals was found. Finally, AA was an PPAR-γ2 agonist that activates the expression of GLUT4. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests a dysregulation of LXR-α and GLUT4 expression in VAT of morbidly obese individuals. FA profiles in VAT could elucidate their possible role in lipolysis and adipogenesis. Finally, AA binds to PPAR-γ2 to activate the expression of GLUT4 in the HepG2 cell line, showing an alternative insulin-independent activation of GLUT4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Moreno-Santos
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, University of Malaga (IBIMA), 29010 Malaga, Spain.
| | - Sara Garcia-Serrano
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Hatim Boughanem
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Lourdes Garrido-Sanchez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, University of Malaga (IBIMA), 29010 Malaga, Spain.
- CIBEROBN (CIBER in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB06/03/0018), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francisco José Tinahones
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, University of Malaga (IBIMA), 29010 Malaga, Spain.
- CIBEROBN (CIBER in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB06/03/0018), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Eduardo Garcia-Fuentes
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), University of Malaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain.
| | - Manuel Macias-Gonzalez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, University of Malaga (IBIMA), 29010 Malaga, Spain.
- CIBEROBN (CIBER in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB06/03/0018), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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48
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The association between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor Δ rs3777744, rs3798343, and rs6922548 and coronary artery disease. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20181510. [PMID: 30429241 PMCID: PMC6328892 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the present study is to investigate the association between the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor Δ (PPARD) and the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). To this end, a prospective observational single-center study of the clinical data from 880 subjects in a Chinese population was conducted. Methods: A total of 880 subjects, including 609 CAD patients and 271 control subjects, were selected for the present study. All inpatients had 4 ml of venous blood drawn after 12 h of fasting, and then clinical tests were conducted to obtain the biochemical parameters. CAD patients and Controls were distinguished by coronary angiography. Statistical analysis was conducted with SPSS software (ver 16.0). Results: A significant association between the G-alleles of PPARD rs3777744 and rs3798343 and a decreased risk for CAD was found. Moreover, we found an interaction between high fasting high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) serum levels, low serum glucose levels and their genotypes, ultimately decreasing the risk of CAD. Haplotype analysis was conducted on the three SNP sites, rs3777744 and rs3798343 to form a block [r2 = 0.79, D′ = 0.99). The A-C haplotypes were associated with an increased risk of CAD (odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.321 (1.060–1.647), P=0.013], and the G-G haplotypes were associated with a decreased risk [OR, 95% CI: 0.714 (0.567–0.849), P=0.004]. Conclusions: Our study indicates a significant association between the G-alleles of PPARD rs3777744 and rs3798343 and a decreased CAD risk. In addition, genotypes interact with high serum HDL-C levels and low serum glucose levels, resulting in decreased prevalence of CAD.
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49
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Kochansky CJ, Lyman MJ, Fauty SE, Vlasakova K, D'mello AP. Administration of Fenofibrate Markedly Elevates Fabp3 in Rat Liver and Plasma and Confounds Its Use as a Preclinical Biomarker of Cardiac and Muscle Toxicity. Lipids 2018; 53:947-960. [PMID: 30592062 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Proteins involved in lipid homeostasis are often regulated through the nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR). PPARα is the target for the fibrate-class of drugs. Fenofibrate has been approved for its lipid-lowering effects in patients with hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia. We were interested in understanding the expression of the energy transporters in energy-utilizing tissues like liver, heart, muscle, and adipose tissues in rat with the hypothesis that the change in transporter expression would align with the known lipid-lowering effects of PPARα agonists like fenofibrate. We found that several fatty-acid transporter proteins had significantly altered levels following 8 days of fenofibrate dosing. The mRNA levels of the highly abundant Fatp2 and Fatp5 in rat liver increased approximately twofold and decreased fourfold, respectively. Several fatty-acid-binding proteins and acyl-CoA-binding proteins had a significant increase in mRNA abundance but not the major liver fatty-acid-binding protein, Fabp1. Of particular interest was the increased liver expression of Fabp3 also known as heart-fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP or FABP3). FABP3 has been proposed as a circulating clinical biomarker for cardiomyopathy and muscle toxicity, as well as a preclinical marker for PPARα-induced muscle toxicity. Here, we show that fenofibrate induces liver mRNA levels of Fabp3 ~5000-fold resulting in an approximately 50-fold increase in FABP3 protein levels in the whole liver. This increased liver expression complicates the interpretation and potential use of FABP3 as a specific biomarker for PPARα-induced muscle toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Kochansky
- Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, WP75A-203A, West Point, PA, 19486, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, 600 South 43rd Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4495, USA
| | - Michael J Lyman
- Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, WP75A-203A, West Point, PA, 19486, USA
| | - Scott E Fauty
- Safety Assessment, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, WP81-217, West Point, PA, 19486, USA
| | - Katerina Vlasakova
- Safety Assessment, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, WP81-217, West Point, PA, 19486, USA
| | - Anil P D'mello
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, 600 South 43rd Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4495, USA
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50
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Hsieh YC, Chiang MC, Huang YC, Yeh TH, Shih HY, Liu HF, Chen HY, Wang CP, Cheng YC. Pparα deficiency inhibits the proliferation of neuronal and glial precursors in the zebrafish central nervous system. Dev Dyn 2018; 247:1264-1275. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Che Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine; Chang Gung University; Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chang Chiang
- Department of Life Science; Fu Jen Catholic University; New Taipei City Taiwan
| | - Yin-Cheng Huang
- College of Medicine; Chang Gung University; Taoyuan Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Linkou, Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Tu-Hsueh Yeh
- College of Medicine; Chang Gung University; Taoyuan Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Linkou, Taoyuan Taiwan
- Section of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Linkou, Taoyuan Taiwan
- Department of Neurology; Taipei Medical University Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yu Shih
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine; Chang Gung University; Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Han-Fang Liu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine; Chang Gung University; Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Hao-Yuan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine; Chang Gung University; Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ping Wang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University; Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chuan Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine; Chang Gung University; Taoyuan Taiwan
- College of Medicine; Chang Gung University; Taoyuan Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Linkou, Taoyuan Taiwan
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