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Bello NT, Yeh CY, James MH. Reduced Sensory-Evoked Locus Coeruleus-Norepinephrine Neural Activity in Female Rats With a History of Dietary-Induced Binge Eating. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1966. [PMID: 31551861 PMCID: PMC6737582 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Noradrenergic pathways have been implicated in eating pathologies. These experiments sought to examine how dietary-induced binge eating influences the neuronal activity of the locus coeruleus (LC)-norepinephrine (NE) system. Young adult female Sprague Dawley rats (7-8 weeks old) were exposed to a repeated intermittent (twice weekly) cycle of 30-min access to a highly palatable sweetened fat (i.e., vegetable shortening with 10% sucrose) with or without intermittent (24 h) calorie restriction (Restrict Binge or Binge groups, respectively). Age- and weight-matched female control rats were exposed to standard chow feeding (Naive group) or intermittent chow feeding (Restrict group). The Binge and Restrict Binge groups demonstrated an escalation in sweet-fat food intake after 2.5 weeks. On week 3, in vivo single-unit LC electrophysiological activity was recorded under isoflurane anesthesia. Restrict Binge (20 cells from six rats) and Binge (27 cells from six rats) had significantly reduced (approximate 20% and 26%, respectively) evoked LC discharge rates compared with naive rats (22 cells, seven rats). Spontaneous and tonic discharge rates were not different among the groups. Signal-to-noise ratio was reduced in the groups with intermittent sweetened fat exposure. In order to investigate the neuropeptide alterations as a consequence of dietary binge eating, relative gene expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY), glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1r), prodynorphin, and related genes were measured in LC and hypothalamic arcuate (Arc) regions. Glp-1r, Npy2r, and Pdyn in LC region were reduced with repeated intermittent restriction. Npy1r was reduced by approximately 27% in ARC of Restrict compared with Naive group. Such data indicate that dietary-induced binge eating alters the neural response of LC neurons to sensory stimuli and dampens the neural stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas T. Bello
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
- Rutgers Brain Health Institute, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Chung-Yang Yeh
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Morgan H. James
- Rutgers Brain Health Institute, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Patel R, Dwivedi M, Mansuri MS, Ansarullah, Laddha NC, Thakker A, Ramachandran AV, Begum R. Association of Neuropeptide-Y (NPY) and Interleukin-1beta (IL1B), Genotype-Phenotype Correlation and Plasma Lipids with Type-II Diabetes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164437. [PMID: 27749914 PMCID: PMC5066977 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is known to play a role in the regulation of satiety, energy balance, body weight, and insulin release. Interleukin-1beta (IL1B) has been associated with loss of beta-cell mass in type-II diabetes (TIID). OBJECTIVES The present study attempts to investigate the association of NPY exon2 +1128 T/C (Leu7Pro; rs16139), NPY promoter -399 T/C (rs16147) and IL1B -511 C/T (rs16944) polymorphisms with TIID and their correlation with plasma lipid levels, BMI, and IL1B transcript levels. METHODS PCR-RFLP was used for genotyping these polymorphisms in a case-control study involving 558 TIID patients and 1085 healthy age-matched controls from Gujarat. Linkage disequilibrium and haplotype analysis of the NPY polymorphic sites were performed to assess their association with TIID. IL1B transcript levels in PBMCs were also assessed in 108 controls and 101 patients using real-time PCR. RESULTS Our results show significant association of both structural and promoter polymorphisms of NPY (p<0.0001 and p<0.0001 respectively) in patients with TIID. However, the IL1B C/T polymorphism did not show any association (p = 0.3797) with TIID patients. Haplotype analysis revealed more frequent association of CC and CT haplotypes (p = 3.34 x 10-5, p = 6.04 x 10-9) in diabetics compared to controls and increased the risk of diabetes by 3.02 and 2.088 respectively. Transcript levels of IL1B were significantly higher (p<0.0001) in patients as compared to controls. Genotype-phenotype correlation of IL1B polymorphism did not show any association with its higher transcript levels. In addition, NPY +1128 T/C polymorphism was found to be associated with increased plasma LDL levels (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION The present study provides an evidence for a strong correlation between structural and promoter polymorphisms of NPY gene and upregulation of IL1B transcript levels with susceptibility to TIID and altering the lipid metabolism in Gujarat population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roma Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Mitesh Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Mohmmad Shoab Mansuri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Ansarullah
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Naresh C. Laddha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Ami Thakker
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - A. V. Ramachandran
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
- * E-mail:
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Jaakkola U, Kakko T, Juonala M, Lehtimäki T, Viikari J, Jääskeläinen AE, Mononen N, Kähönen M, Koskinen T, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Raitakari O, Kallio J. Neuropeptide Y polymorphism increases the risk for asthma in overweight subjects; protection from atherosclerosis in asthmatic subjects--the cardiovascular risk in young Finns study. Neuropeptides 2012; 46:321-8. [PMID: 23122776 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 09/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The role of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and its gene polymorphisms in the development of atherosclerosis has become increasingly evident. In asthma, NPY has been shown to be involved as immunomodulator. In this study, we investigated the role of two functional NPY polymorphisms, NPY-Leu7Pro (rs16139) and NPY-399C/T (rs16147) and obesity for the development of asthma as well as atherosclerosis in asthmatic and non-asthmatic subjects. Also, we measured heart rate variability (HRV) and NPY in serum since these might contribute through these polymorphisms to both diseases. METHODS AND RESULTS Thousand hundred and seventy six Finnish young adults were genotyped and three groups (G1-G3) were formed based on the observed diplotypes. The NPY-Pro7 allele always co-existed with the NPY-399T allele indicating complete linkage disequilibrium. Here we show that overweight (BMI≥25kg/m2) was associated with 2.5-fold increased risk for asthma in subjects with the NPY-399T allele without NPY-Pro7 allele (G2, n=716). Overweight was also associated with increased atherosclerosis determined by carotid intima media thickness (cIMT), but asthma seemed to be more significant determinant than overweight in determing cIMT having a decreasing effect. NPY concentration in serum was diplotype-driven (G1=792.2(29.5), G2=849.0(18.9), G3=873.9(45.2) pg/ml) and correlated positively with cIMT in the group having NPY-Pro7 allele (G3, n=142). However, the subjects with asthma had a negative NPY-cIMT relationship. Total HRV was increased in asthma and correlated negatively with cIMT irrespective of the NPY genotype. CONCLUSIONS Overweight together with the NPY-399T allele without NPY-Pro7 allele was associated with increased risk for asthma. Atherosclerosis was decreased in subjects with asthma depending on the NPY genotype. The results reveal novel insights into the genetics and biology of the relationship of atherosclerosis and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Jaakkola
- Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Koefoed P, Woldbye DPD, Hansen TVO, Eplov LF, Christiansen SH, Mors O, Kessing LV, Werge T, Kaipio K, Pesonen U, Fahmy T, Mellerup E, Jakobsen KD, Hansen ES, Knudsen GM, Bukh JD, Bock C, Lindberg C, Kristensen AS, Dam H, Nordentoft M, Als TD, Wang AG, Gether U, Rehfeld JF, Bolwig TG. Association of the leucine-7 to proline-7 variation in the signal sequence of neuropeptide Y with major depression. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2012; 24:81-90. [PMID: 26952950 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5215.2011.00600.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is clear evidence of a genetic component in major depression, and several studies indicate that neuropeptide Y (NPY) could play an important role in the pathophysiology of the disease. A well-known polymorphism encoding the substitution of leucine to proline in the signal peptide sequence of NPY (Leu7Pro variation) was previously found to protect against depression. Our study aimed at replicating this association in a large Danish population with major depression. METHOD Leu7Pro was studied in a sample of depressed patients and ethnically matched controls, as well as psychiatric disease controls with schizophrenia. Possible functional consequences of Leu7Pro were explored in vitro. RESULTS In contrast to previous studies, Pro7 appeared to be a risk allele for depression, being significantly more frequent in the depression sample (5.5%, n = 593; p = 0.009; odds ratio, OR: 1.46) as compared to ethnically matched controls (3.8%, n = 2912), while schizophrenia patients (4.1%, n = 503) did not differ. In vitro, the Pro7 substitution appeared to be associated with reduced levels of NPY without affecting its mRNA level. CONCLUSION The Leu7Pro variation may increase the risk of major depression, possibly by affecting the biosynthesis of NPY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Koefoed
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David P D Woldbye
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas V O Hansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lene F Eplov
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Copenhagen University Hospital Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark and Research Unit for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Mental Health Centre Ballerup, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Søren H Christiansen
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Mors
- Centre for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Lars V Kessing
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Werge
- Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre St. Hans Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Katja Kaipio
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ullamari Pesonen
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Thomas Fahmy
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erling Mellerup
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus D Jakobsen
- Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre St. Hans Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Elsebeth S Hansen
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte M Knudsen
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens D Bukh
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Bock
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Lindberg
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ann S Kristensen
- Centre for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Henrik Dam
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas D Als
- Centre for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark
| | | | - Ulrik Gether
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Group and Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens F Rehfeld
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tom G Bolwig
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Kindler J, Bailer U, de Zwaan M, Fuchs K, Leisch F, Grün B, Strnad A, Stojanovic M, Windisch J, Lennkh-Wolfsberg C, El-Giamal N, Sieghart W, Kasper S, Aschauer H. No association of the neuropeptide Y (Leu7Pro) and ghrelin gene (Arg51Gln, Leu72Met, Gln90Leu) single nucleotide polymorphisms with eating disorders. Nord J Psychiatry 2011; 65:203-7. [PMID: 21047193 DOI: 10.3109/08039488.2010.525258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic factors likely contribute to the biological vulnerability of eating disorders. AIMS Case-control association study on one neuropeptide Y gene (Leu7Pro) polymorphism and three ghrelin gene (Arg51Gln, Leu72Met and Gln90Leu) polymorphisms. METHODS 114 eating disorder patients (46 with anorexia nervosa, 30 with bulimia nervosa, 38 with binge eating disorder) and 164 healthy controls were genotyped. RESULTS No differences were detected between patients and controls for any of the four polymorphisms in allele frequency and genotype distribution (P > 0.05). Allele frequencies and genotypes had no significant influence on body mass index (P > 0.05) in eating disorder patients. CONCLUSION Positive findings of former case-control studies of associations between ghrelin gene polymorphisms and eating disorders could not be replicated. Neuropeptide Y gene polymorphisms have not been investigated in eating disorders before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Kindler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Biological Psychiatry, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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NPY L7P polymorphism and metabolic diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 149:51-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2007.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2007] [Accepted: 08/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Ruohonen ST, Pesonen U, Moritz N, Kaipio K, Röyttä M, Koulu M, Savontaus E. Transgenic mice overexpressing neuropeptide Y in noradrenergic neurons: a novel model of increased adiposity and impaired glucose tolerance. Diabetes 2008; 57:1517-25. [PMID: 18276767 DOI: 10.2337/db07-0722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A functional polymorphism leucine 7 proline in the human neuropeptide Y (NPY) gene leading to increased NPY release from sympathetic nerves is associated with traits of metabolic syndrome. Although hypothalamic NPY neurons play an established role in promoting positive energy balance, the role of NPY colocalized with norepinephrine in sympathetic nervous system and brain noradrenergic neurons remains obscure. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS To clarify the role of NPY in noradrenergic neurons, we generated a transgenic mouse overexpressing NPY under dopamine-beta-hydroxylase promoter and characterized the metabolic phenotype of the OE-NPY(DbetaH) mouse. RESULTS NPY levels are increased by 1.3-fold in adrenal glands and 1.8-fold in the brainstem but not in the hypothalamus in OE-NPY(DbetaH) mice. They display increased white adipose tissue mass and cellularity and liver triglyceride accumulation without hyperphagia or increased body weight. Hyperinsulinemia and impaired glucose tolerance develop by the age of 6 months in the OE-NPY(DbetaH) mice. Furthermore, circulating ghrelin is significantly increased in comparison with wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS The present study shows that even a moderate increase in NPY levels in noradrenergic neurons leads to disturbances in glucose and lipid metabolism. The OE-NPY(DbetaH) mouse is an interesting new model to investigate the pathophysiology of some key components of the cluster of abnormalities characterizing the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvi T Ruohonen
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Neuropeptide Y polymorphism significantly magnifies diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk in obesity: the Hoorn Study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2007; 63:150-2. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Ukkola O, Kesäniemi YA. Leu7Pro polymorphism of PreproNPY associated with an increased risk for type II diabetes in middle-aged subjects. Eur J Clin Nutr 2007; 61:1102-5. [PMID: 17268419 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neuropeptide Y (NPY) plays a central in energy homeostasis and potentially in the development of obesity-related comorbidities, like type II diabetes. As the PreproNPY Leu7Pro polymorphism probably changes the intracellular processing of the synthesized preproNPY peptide, we assessed the hypothesis that PreproNPY Leu7Pro polymorphism is a risk factor for type II diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance and hypertension. DESIGN Blood pressure recordings and oral glucose tolerance test were performed in the hypertensive (n=515) and control cohorts (n=525) of our well-defined Oulu Project Elucidating Risk of Atherosclerosis (OPERA) study. The prevalence of type II diabetes was 9% (n=93). The genotypes, insulin and glucose metabolism indexes and plasma ghrelin of the subjects were determined. RESULTS Pro7 allele frequencies were 5.9, 5.3 and 11.3% in the total cohort, in subjects without and with type II diabetes, respectively. The PreproNPY Pro7 carrier status was a significant risk factor for type II diabetes, and the effect remained significant after adjustment for age, sex, waist circumference and study group (odds ratio=3.02, confidence interval: 1.67-5.44 and P<0.001). Pro7 carriers were more insulin resistant and showed lower ghrelin levels compared to non-carriers. CONCLUSIONS The PreproNPY Pro7 allele is associated with an increased risk for type II diabetes. The risk seems to be associated with a higher insulin resistance among Pro7 carriers whereas low ghrelin concentrations in Pro7 carriers are possibly a consequence of high insulin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Ukkola
- Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ullamari Pesonen
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Turku, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4B, FIN-20520, Turku, Finland.
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