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Donin A, Nightingale CM, Sattar N, Fraser WD, Owen CG, Cook DG, Whincup PH. Cross-sectional study of the associations between circulating vitamin D concentrations and insulin resistance in children aged 9-10 years of South Asian, black African Caribbean and white European origins. J Epidemiol Community Health 2023; 78:jech-2023-220626. [PMID: 38123968 PMCID: PMC11045364 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2023-220626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower circulating vitamin D 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations are associated with higher type 2 diabetes risk in adults, although causality remains uncertain. However, associations between 25(OH)D and type 2 diabetes risk markers in children have been little studied, particularly in ethnic minority populations. We examined whether 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with insulin resistance in children and whether lower 25(OH)D concentrations in South Asians and black African Caribbeans could contribute to their higher insulin resistance. METHODS Cross-sectional study of 4650 UK primary school children aged 9-10 years of predominantly South Asian, black African Caribbean and white European ethnicity. Children had fasting blood measurements of circulating 25(OH)D metabolite concentrations, insulin and glucose. RESULTS Lower 25(OH)D concentrations were observed in girls, South Asians and black African Caribbeans. In analyses adjusted for age, sex, month, ethnic group and school, circulating 25(OH)D was inversely associated with fasting insulin (-0.38%, 95% CI -0.49% to -0.27%), homoeostasis model assessment (HOMA) insulin resistance (-0.39%, 95% CI -0.50% to -0.28%) and fasting glucose (-0.03%, 95% CI -0.05% to -0.02%) per nmol/L increase in 25(OH)D; associations did not differ between ethnic groups. Ethnic differences in fasting insulin and HOMA insulin resistance (higher among South Asian and black African Caribbeans) were reduced by >40% after adjustment for circulating 25(OH)D concentrations. CONCLUSION Circulating vitamin D was inversely associated with insulin resistance in all ethnic groups; higher insulin resistance in South Asian and black African children were partly explained by their lower vitamin D levels. Whether vitamin D supplementation can reduce emerging type 2 diabetes risk needs further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Donin
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Claire M Nightingale
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - William D Fraser
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - Chris G Owen
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Derek G Cook
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Peter H Whincup
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
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Isart FA, Isart-Infante FJ, Heidel RE. Association of Blood Calcidiol Levels and Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents With Vitamin D Deficiency. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2023:99228231204444. [PMID: 37978861 DOI: 10.1177/00099228231204444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
This retrospective cohort study aimed to determine whether severe calcidiol deficiency [25-hydroxyvitamin (OH)D <30 nmol/L] improvement has a beneficial effect on cardiometabolic parameters in children and adolescents (5-17 years) with or without metabolic syndrome (MetS). Logistic regression analysis was performed to test for multivariate associations between potential confounders and changes in vitamin D (VD) status from baseline to follow-up care when predicting binary categorical outcomes. Of 562 participants, 146 (26%) had MetS. Individuals with severe VD deficiency (VDD) were more likely to have MetS with elevated blood pressure than those with sufficient (≥75 nmol) VD levels (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 4.46; 1.08-18.43; p < .05) at follow-up. In the logistic regression model, every unit increase in VD across time decreased the odds of MetS (AOR, 0.98; 95% confidence interval: [0.96, 0.99]; p < .05). Improvement in VD status demonstrated a beneficial metabolic effect in children and adolescents with severe VDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando A Isart
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Kids'n Teens Clinics P.A., Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - R Eric Heidel
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA
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Hofman-Hutna J, Hutny M, Matusik E, Olszanecka-Glinianowicz M, Matusik P. Vitamin D Deficiency in Obese Children Is Associated with Some Metabolic Syndrome Components, but Not with Metabolic Syndrome Itself. Metabolites 2023; 13:914. [PMID: 37623858 PMCID: PMC10456245 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency in children is a common nutritional issue in many populations worldwide, associated not only with skeletal malformations but, as recent studies suggest, also with the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome. The aim of this observational study was to assess the nutritional status of vitamin D in a group of Polish children with obesity and different grades of metabolic syndrome, with a consequent analysis of the correlation between vitamin D levels and the components of metabolic syndrome. For that purpose, the group of 78 participants (mean age: 14.18 ± 2.67 years) was recruited and further grouped in relation to vitamin D status into two groups of children with and without vitamin D deficiency. The biochemical parameters associated with obesity as well as anthropometric measures were assessed and analysed in search of significant differences between the groups. In the current group of children with obesity and vitamin D deficiency, HDL (45.00 ± 9.29) and adiponectin (7.21 ± 1.64) were found to be significantly lower than in their peers without vitamin D deficiency, whereas W/HtR (0.60 ± 0.04) and TG (171.31 ± 80.75) levels proved to be significantly higher. Body composition analysis using bioelectrical impedance returned no significant findings. The above findings suggest that vitamin D deficiency may influence lipid and glucose metabolism in children, leading to the development of abnormalities characteristic of the metabolic syndrome. A W/HtR parameter was shown to be a sensitive marker of abdominal obesity, which might provide an important means of assessing the correlation between vitamin D and this type of obesity. Independently, vitamin D deficiency may also influence the endocrinological function of adipose tissue, leading to lower concentrations of adiponectin. These in turn presented a linear correlation with the high results of the OGTT in the second hour of the test, hinting at its potential role in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagoda Hofman-Hutna
- Scientific Society of Medical Students, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Michał Hutny
- Scientific Society of Medical Students, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Edyta Matusik
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Olszanecka-Glinianowicz
- Unit of Public Health and Obesity, Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Pawel Matusik
- Department of Paediatrics, Paediatric Obesity and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
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Bacchetta J, Edouard T, Laverny G, Bernardor J, Bertholet-Thomas A, Castanet M, Garnier C, Gennero I, Harambat J, Lapillonne A, Molin A, Naud C, Salles JP, Laborie S, Tounian P, Linglart A. Vitamin D and calcium intakes in general pediatric populations: A French expert consensus paper. Arch Pediatr 2022; 29:312-325. [PMID: 35305879 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2022.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nutritional vitamin D supplements are often used in general pediatrics. Here, the aim is to address vitamin D supplementation and calcium nutritional intakes in newborns, infants, children, and adolescents to prevent vitamin D deficiency and rickets in general populations. STUDY DESIGN We formulated clinical questions relating to the following categories: the Patient (or Population) to whom the recommendation will apply; the Intervention being considered; the Comparison (which may be "no action," placebo, or an alternative intervention); and the Outcomes affected by the intervention (PICO). These PICO elements were arranged into the questions to be addressed in the literature searches. Each PICO question then formed the basis for a statement. The population covered consisted of children aged between 0 and 18 years and premature babies hospitalized in neonatology. Two groups were assembled: a core working group and a voting panel from different scientific pediatric committees from the French Society of Pediatrics and national scientific societies. RESULTS We present here 35 clinical practice points (CPPs) for the use of native vitamin D therapy (ergocalciferol, vitamin D2 and cholecalciferol, vitamin D3) and calcium nutritional intakes in general pediatric populations. CONCLUSION This consensus document was developed to provide guidance to health care professionals on the use of nutritional vitamin D and dietary modalities to achieve the recommended calcium intakes in general pediatric populations. These CPPs will be revised periodically. Research recommendations to study key vitamin D outcome measures in children are also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bacchetta
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares du Calcium et du Phosphore, Service de Néphrologie Rhumatologie Dermatologie Pédiatriques, Filières Santé Maladies Rares OSCAR, ORKID et ERKNet, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, 59 Boulevard Pinel, Bron 69677 CEDEX, France; INSERM U1033, LYOS, Prévention des Maladies Osseuses, Lyon, France; Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.
| | - T Edouard
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares du Calcium et du Phosphore, Unité d'Endocrinologie, Génétique et Pathologies Osseuses, Filières Santé Maladies Rares OSCAR et BOND, Hôpital des Enfants, Toulouse, France
| | - G Laverny
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U1258, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - J Bernardor
- INSERM U1033, LYOS, Prévention des Maladies Osseuses, Lyon, France; Département de Pédiatrie, CHU de Nice, Nice, France
| | - A Bertholet-Thomas
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares du Calcium et du Phosphore, Service de Néphrologie Rhumatologie Dermatologie Pédiatriques, Filières Santé Maladies Rares OSCAR, ORKID et ERKNet, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, 59 Boulevard Pinel, Bron 69677 CEDEX, France; INSERM U1033, LYOS, Prévention des Maladies Osseuses, Lyon, France
| | - M Castanet
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares du Calcium et du Phosphore, Département de Pédiatrie, Filière Santé Maladies Rares OSCAR, CHU Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - C Garnier
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares du Calcium et du Phosphore, Service de Néphrologie Rhumatologie Dermatologie Pédiatriques, Filières Santé Maladies Rares OSCAR, ORKID et ERKNet, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, 59 Boulevard Pinel, Bron 69677 CEDEX, France
| | - I Gennero
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares du Calcium et du Phosphore, Unité d'Endocrinologie, Génétique et Pathologies Osseuses, Filières Santé Maladies Rares OSCAR et BOND, Hôpital des Enfants, Toulouse, France
| | - J Harambat
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rénales Rares, Unité de Néphrologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Pellegrin-Enfants, Bordeaux, France; INSERM U1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - A Lapillonne
- Service de Pédiatrie et Réanimation Néonatales, EHU 7328 Université de Paris, Hôpital Necker- Enfants Malades, Paris, France; CNRC, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A Molin
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares du Calcium et du Phosphore, Département de Génétique, Filière Santé Maladies Rares OSCAR, CHU Caen, Caen, France
| | - C Naud
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares du Calcium et du Phosphore, Service de Néphrologie Rhumatologie Dermatologie Pédiatriques, Filières Santé Maladies Rares OSCAR, ORKID et ERKNet, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, 59 Boulevard Pinel, Bron 69677 CEDEX, France
| | - J P Salles
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares du Calcium et du Phosphore, Unité d'Endocrinologie, Génétique et Pathologies Osseuses, Filières Santé Maladies Rares OSCAR et BOND, Hôpital des Enfants, Toulouse, France
| | - S Laborie
- Service de Réanimation Néonatale, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Bron, France
| | - P Tounian
- Service de Nutrition et Gastroentérologie Pédiatriques, Hôpital Trousseau, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - A Linglart
- AP-HP, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares du Calcium et du Phosphore, Service d'Endocrinologie et diabète de l'enfant, Filières Santé Maladies Rares OSCAR, ERN endoRARE et BOND, Plateforme d'expertise des maladies rares Paris Saclay, Hôpital Bicêtre Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Saclay, INSERM U1185, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
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Vitamin D status and cardiometabolic risk factors in Greek adolescents with obesity - the effect of vitamin D supplementation: a pilot study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 5:e64-e71. [PMID: 32529108 PMCID: PMC7277522 DOI: 10.5114/amsad.2020.95569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Obesity is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors as well as decreased 25(OH) vitamin D serum levels. We aimed to study 25(OH) vitamin D levels in adolescents with obesity compared with normal weight controls in association with CVD risk factors, and the possible effect of vitamin D supplementation. Material and methods In a cross-sectional study, 69 obese and 34 normal-weight adolescents were included. In an interventional study 15 adolescents with obesity and vitamin D insufficiency were given 2000 IU vitamin D per os daily for 3 months. Results Adolescents with obesity had significantly lower 25(OH) vitamin D levels compared with normal-weight controls (12.0 (3.0–36.0) vs. 34.0 (10.0–69.0) ng/ml, respectively, p < 0.001). In adolescents with obesity, 25(OH) vitamin D was inversely associated with leptin even after adjustment for body mass index (BMI) (r = –0.340, p = 0.009). Conversely, 25(OH) vitamin D was not related with other parameters, such as BMI, blood pressure, lipids, glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index, adiponectin, leptin/adiponectin ratio, and visfatin levels. Following supplementation in 15 vitamin D insufficient adolescents with obesity, 25(OH) vitamin D significantly increased (from 17.3 (12.5–27.8) to 32.6 (14.3–68.0) ng/ml, p = 0.005) and so did low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (from 85.4 ±9.5 to 92.1 ±15.8 mg/dl, p = 0.022), while there were reductions in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) (from 5.8 ±0.2 to 5.5 ±0.1%, p = 0.03) and leptin (from 19.7 (7.8–45.5) to 15.1 (4.3–37.3) ng/ml, p = 0.03). Oxidised LDL, paraoxonase, arylesterase, and urine isoprostanes remained unchanged. Conclusions Adolescents with obesity had lower 25(OH) vitamin D, which may be associated with higher leptin levels. Vitamin D supplementation may lead to HbA1c and leptin reductions, but also to an increase in LDL-C.
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Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Risk: which Implications in Children? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103536. [PMID: 32429489 PMCID: PMC7279000 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D (25OHD) pleiotropic effects are widely recognized and studied. Recently, vitamin D cardiovascular effects are gaining interest, especially in children, although the studies present conflicting data. Some randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated that cardiovascular risk markers, such as lipid parameters, inflammation markers, blood pressure, and arterial stiffness, are unaffected by vitamin D supplementation. By contrast, other studies show that low vitamin D levels are associated with higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality, and support that increased risk of these diseases occurs primarily in people with vitamin D deficiency. An update on these points in pediatric patients is certainly of interest to focus on possible benefits of its supplementation.
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Rajakumar K, Moore CG, Khalid AT, Vallejo AN, Virji MA, Holick MF, Greenspan SL, Arslanian S, Reis SE. Effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on vascular and metabolic health of vitamin D-deficient overweight and obese children: a randomized clinical trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 111:757-768. [PMID: 31950134 PMCID: PMC7138671 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obese children are vulnerable to vitamin D deficiency and impaired cardiovascular health; vitamin D replenishment might improve their cardiovascular health. OBJECTIVES The aims were to determine, in vitamin D-deficient overweight and obese children, whether supplementation with vitamin D3 1000 or 2000 IU/d is more effective than 600 IU/d in improving arterial endothelial function, arterial stiffness, central and systemic blood pressure (BP), insulin sensitivity (1/fasting insulin concentration), fasting glucose concentration, and lipid profile and to explore whether downregulation of adipocytokines and markers of systemic inflammation underlies vitamin D effects. METHODS We conducted a randomized, double-masked, controlled clinical trial in 225 10- to 18-y-old eligible children. Change in endothelial function at 6 mo was the primary outcome. RESULTS Dose-response increases in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were significant and tolerated without developing hypercalcemia. Changes at 3 and 6 mo in endothelial function, arterial stiffness, systemic-systolic BP, lipids, and inflammatory markers did not differ between children receiving 1000 or 2000 IU vitamin D and children receiving 600 IU. Some secondary outcomes differed between groups. Compared with the 600-IU group, central-systolic, central-diastolic, and systemic-diastolic BP was lower at 6 mo in the 1000-IU group [-2.66 (95% CI: -5.27, -0.046), -3.57 (-5.97, -1.17), and -3.28 (-5.55, -1.00) mm Hg, respectively]; insulin sensitivity increased at 3 and 6 mo and fasting glucose concentration declined at 6 mo (-2.67; 95% CI: -4.88, -0.46 mg/dL) in the 2000-IU group. CONCLUSIONS Correction of vitamin D deficiency in overweight and obese children by vitamin D3 supplementation with 1000 or 2000 IU/d versus 600 IU/d did not affect measures of arterial endothelial function or stiffness, systemic inflammation, or lipid profile, but resulted in reductions in BP and fasting glucose concentration and in improvements in insulin sensitivity. Optimization of children's vitamin D status may improve their cardiovascular health. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01797302.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumaravel Rajakumar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Address correspondence to KR (e-mail: )
| | - Charity G Moore
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Arshad T Khalid
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Abbe N Vallejo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mohamed A Virji
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael F Holick
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan L Greenspan
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Silva Arslanian
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Steven E Reis
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Hauger H, Laursen RP, Ritz C, Mølgaard C, Lind MV, Damsgaard CT. Effects of vitamin D supplementation on cardiometabolic outcomes in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Nutr 2020; 59:873-884. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02150-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Vitamin D-related genes and cardiometabolic markers in healthy children: a Mendelian randomisation study. Br J Nutr 2020; 123:1138-1147. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520000148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObservational studies show associations between low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and cardiometabolic risk markers. This Mendelian randomisation study examined associations between cardiometabolic markers in children and SNP in genes related to vitamin D metabolism (DHCR7; group-specific complement (GC); cytochrome P450 subfamily IIR1 (CYP2R1); and CYP24A1) and action (CYP27B1 and VDR). In 699 healthy 8–11-year-old children, we genotyped eleven SNP. We generated a genetic risk score based on SNP associated with low 25(OH)D and investigated associations between this and blood pressure, plasma lipids and insulin. Furthermore, we examined whether SNP related to vitamin D actions modified associations between 25(OH)D and the cardiometabolic markers. All GC and CYP2R1 SNP influenced serum 25(OH)D. A risk score based on four of the six SNP was associated with 3·4 (95 % CI 2·6, 4·2) mmol/l lower 25(OH)D per risk allele (P < 0·001), but was not associated with the cardiometabolic markers. However, interactions were indicated for the three VDR SNP (Pinteraction < 0·081) on associations between 25(OH)D and TAG, systolic blood pressure and insulin, which all decreased with increasing 25(OH)D only in major allele homozygotes (β –0·02 (95 % CI –0·04, –0·01) mmol/l; β –0·5 (95 % CI –0·9, –0·1) mmHg; and β –0·5 (95 % CI –1·4, 0·3) pmol/l, respectively). In conclusion, genetic variation affected 25(OH)D substantially, but the genetic score was not associated with cardiometabolic markers in children. However, VDR polymorphisms modified associations with vitamin D, which warrants further investigation of VDR's role in the relationship between vitamin D and cardiometabolic risk.
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Coheley LM, Shivappa N, Hebert JR, Lewis RD. Dietary inflammatory index® and cortical bone outcomes in healthy adolescent children. Osteoporos Int 2019; 30:1645-1654. [PMID: 31143990 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-019-04946-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Diet is thought to modulate inflammation. This study shows no relationships between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and biomarkers of inflammation or bone after adjusting for covariates. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 was inversely associated with peripheral tibia cortical thickness and prospective childhood studies should be conducted to better understand this relationship and to determine if there are long-term consequences in adulthood. INTRODUCTION Examine the relationships between the DII-scores and bone and biomarkers of inflammation in 290 adolescents, ages 9-13 years. METHODS DII-scores were calculated from 3-day diet records and categorized into tertiles, low (< - 1.34), medium (- 1.34 to 1.41), and high (> 1.41) inflammation. Radius and tibia bone were assessed via peripheral quantitative computed tomography (Stratec XCT 2000) at the 66% site relative to the distal growth plate. Fasting serum was measured for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). The relationships between DII-scores and bone and biomarkers of inflammation were assessed using bivariate and partial correlations adjusting for sexual maturation, sex, race, muscle cross-sectional area, and height. ANOVA/ANCOVA models were used to compare DII-tertiles with dependent variables. RESULTS DII-scores were negatively associated with tibia trabecular area (TtAr; r = - .141, P = .019), periosteal perimeter (PsPM; r = - .145, P = .016), endosteal perimeter (r = - .145, P = .016), strength strain index (SSI; r = - .129, P = .032), and radius TtAr (r = - .140, P = .020), PsPM (r = -.138, P = .027) and SSI (r = -.131, P = .036) but nullified when adjusting for covariates. Tibia PsPM was higher in the low DII group compared to the medium (P = .050) and high (P = .046) groups but nullified after controlling for covariates. DII-scores were not associated with TNF-α, VEGF, or IL-6, but were associated with MCP-1 only in the unadjusted model (r = .125, P = .042). In the adjusted model, MCP-1 was inversely associated with tibia cortical thickness (r = -.150 P = .030). CONCLUSION The DII-scores were not related to biomarkers of inflammation or bone; however, the biomarker of inflammation, MCP-1 was negatively associated with tibia CtTh. Future prospective pediatric studies should be conducted to better understand this relationship and determine if there are long-term implications in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Coheley
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, 279 Dawson Hall, 305 Sanford Drive, Athens, GA, USA
| | - N Shivappa
- The Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, 915 Green Street, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - J R Hebert
- The Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, 915 Green Street, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - R D Lewis
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, 279 Dawson Hall, 305 Sanford Drive, Athens, GA, USA.
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Kindler JM, Laing EM, Liu W, Dain JA, Lewis RD. Pentosidine Is Associated With Cortical Bone Geometry and Insulin Resistance in Otherwise Healthy Children. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:1446-1450. [PMID: 31220375 PMCID: PMC6697211 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Pentosidine is an advanced glycation end product (AGE) associated with fracture in adults with diabetes. AGE accumulation in bone collagen contributes to bone fragility but might also adversely influence bone turnover and, consequently, bone geometry. The relationships between AGEs and bone health have yet to be studied in children. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess relationships between pentosidine and cortical bone volumetric density, geometry, and estimated strength in children. Participants were otherwise healthy black and white boys and girls, ages 9 to 13 years, who were at sexual maturation stage 2 or 3 (N = 160). Tibia and radius cortical bone and muscle area (66% site) were assessed via pQCT. In fasting sera, insulin, glucose, and pentosidine were measured. The Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI), a measure of insulin sensitivity, was calculated. While controlling for race, sex, maturation, and height, pentosidine negatively correlated with QUICKI (P < 0.05). In unadjusted analyses, pentosidine was associated with lower radius and tibia cortical volumetric bone mineral density, bone mineral content (Ct.BMC), area (Ct.Ar), and thickness (Ct.Th); a larger radius endosteal circumference (Endo.Circ); and lower tibia polar strength strain index (all P < 0.05). While controlling for race, sex, maturation, height, and muscle area, pentosidine was negatively associated with tibia Ct.BMC, Ct.Ar, and Ct.Th but positively associated with Endo.Circ (all P < 0.05). Linear regression revealed a significant interaction between pentosidine and QUICKI in relation to tibia Ct.Th (pinteraction = 0.049), indicating that the negative relationship between pentosidine and Ct.Th was stronger in those with lower QUICKI (ie, greater insulin resistance). This is the first study to report evidence of a potentially adverse influence of AGEs on bone strength in otherwise healthy children. This relationship was strongest in children with the greatest insulin resistance, supporting further work in youth with chronic metabolic health conditions. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Kindler
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Emma M Laing
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Weixi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Joel A Dain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Richard D Lewis
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Extra-Skeletal Effects of Vitamin D. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071460. [PMID: 31252594 PMCID: PMC6683065 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The vitamin D receptor is expressed in multiple cells of the body (other than osteoblasts), including beta cells and cells involved in immune modulation (such as mononuclear cells, and activated T and B lymphocytes), and most organs in the body including the brain, heart, skin, gonads, prostate, breast, and gut. Consequently, the extra-skeletal impact of vitamin D deficiency has been an active area of research. While epidemiological and case-control studies have often suggested a link between vitamin D deficiency and conditions such as type 1 and type 2 diabetes, connective tissue disorders, inflammatory bowel disorders, chronic hepatitis, food allergies, asthma and respiratory infections, and cancer, interventional studies for the most part have failed to confirm a causative link. This review examines available evidence to date for the extra-skeletal effects of vitamin D deficiency, with a focus on randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses.
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Vitamin D supplementation after the second year of life: joint position of the Committee on Nutrition, German Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine (DGKJ e.V.), and the German Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology (DGKED e.V.). Mol Cell Pediatr 2019; 6:3. [PMID: 31062205 PMCID: PMC6502918 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-019-0090-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Low vitamin D serum concentrations have been associated with rickets and other disorders in observational studies. Since vitamin D serum concentrations in children and adolescents are frequently below reference values, it is debated whether vitamin D should be supplemented after infancy. Methods The effects of vitamin D supplementation in children > 2 years of age are analyzed based on a literature review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Results Vitamin D supplementation can potentially reduce the risk for influenza infections and improve asthma bronchiale exacerbation; however, it has no impact on asthma bronchiale severity. Vitamin D supplementation has no relevant effect on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders, cardiac failure, hypertension, or incidence of type II diabetes mellitus. Vitamin D supplementation has no effect on the rate of multiple sclerosis relapses, but on the number of new lesions detected by MRI. For other endpoints, RCTs are lacking. Conclusion Based on currently available studies, routine vitamin D supplementation is not be recommended for children aged > 2 years, even when they have serum concentrations below reference values. Routine vitamin D supplementation is not recommended in children who do not have risk factors and chronic diseases which are associated with calcium or vitamin D resorption disorders.
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Hauger H, Mølgaard C, Mortensen C, Ritz C, Frøkiær H, Smith TJ, Hart K, Lanham-New SA, Damsgaard CT. Winter Cholecalciferol Supplementation at 55°N Has No Effect on Markers of Cardiometabolic Risk in Healthy Children Aged 4-8 Years. J Nutr 2018; 148:1261-1268. [PMID: 29917069 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] has been associated with unfavorable cardiometabolic risk profiles in many observational studies in children, but very few randomized controlled trials have investigated this. Objective We explored the effect of winter-time cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) supplementation on cardiometabolic risk markers in young, white, 4- to 8-y-old healthy Danish children (55°N) as part of the pan-European ODIN project. Methods In the ODIN Junior double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-response trial, 119 children (mean ± SD age: 6.7 ± 1.5 y; 36% male; 82% normal weight) were randomly allocated to 0, 10 or 20 µg/d of vitamin D3 for 20 wk (October-March). Cardiometabolic risk markers including BMI-for-age z score (BMIz), waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum triglycerides and cholesterol (total, LDL, HDL, and total:HDL), plasma glucose and insulin, and whole-blood glycated hemoglobin were measured at baseline and endpoint as secondary outcomes together with serum 25(OH)D. Intervention effects were evaluated in linear regression models as between-group differences at endpoint adjusted for baseline value of the outcome, and additionally for age, sex, baseline serum 25(OH)D, BMIz, time since breakfast, and breakfast content. Results Mean ± SD serum 25(OH)D was 56.7 ± 12.3 nmol/L at baseline and differed between groups at endpoint with concentrations of 31.1 ± 7.5, 61.8 ± 10.6, and 75.8 ± 11.5 nmol/L in the 0-, 10-, and 20 µg/d groups, respectively (P < 0.0001). Vitamin D3 supplementation had no effect on any of the cardiometabolic risk markers in analyses adjusted for baseline value of the outcome (all P ≥ 0.05), and additional covariate adjustment did not change the results notably. Conclusions Preventing the winter decline in serum 25(OH)D with daily vitamin D3 supplementation of 10 or 20 µg had no cardiometabolic effects in healthy 4- to 8-y-old Danish children. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02145195.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Hauger
- Departments of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports and Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Mølgaard
- Departments of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports and Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Mortensen
- Departments of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports and Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Ritz
- Departments of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports and Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne Frøkiær
- Departments of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Taryn J Smith
- Departments of Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn Hart
- Departments of Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Susan A Lanham-New
- Departments of Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Camilla T Damsgaard
- Departments of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports and Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Coheley LM, Kindler JM, Laing EM, Oshri A, Hill Gallant KM, Warden SJ, Peacock M, Weaver CM, Lewis RD. Whole egg consumption and cortical bone in healthy children. Osteoporos Int 2018; 29:1783-1791. [PMID: 29713797 PMCID: PMC6604058 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-018-4538-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Eggs contain bioactive compounds thought to benefit pediatric bone. This cross-sectional study shows a positive link between childhood egg intake and radius cortical bone. If randomized trials confirm our findings, incorporating eggs into children's diets could have a significant impact in preventing childhood fractures and reducing the risk of osteoporosis. INTRODUCTION This study examined the relationships between egg consumption and cortical bone in children. METHODS The cross-sectional study design included 294 9-13-year-old black and white males and females. Three-day diet records determined daily egg consumption. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography measured radius and tibia cortical bone. Body composition and biomarkers of bone turnover were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and ELISA, respectively. RESULTS Egg intake was positively correlated with radius and tibia cortical bone mineral content (Ct.BMC), total bone area, cortical area, cortical thickness, periosteal circumference, and polar strength strain index in unadjusted models (r = 0.144-0.224, all P < 0.050). After adjusting for differences in race, sex, maturation, fat-free soft tissue mass (FFST), and protein intakes, tibia relationships were nullified; however, egg intake remained positively correlated with radius Ct.BMC (r = 0.138, P = 0.031). Egg intake positively correlated with total body bone mineral density, BMC, and bone area in the unadjusted models only (r = 0.119-0.224; all P < 0.050). After adjusting for covariates, egg intake was a positive predictor of radius FFST (β = 0.113, P < 0.050) and FFST was a positive predictor of Ct.BMC (β = 0.556, P < 0.050) in path analyses. There was a direct influence of egg on radius Ct.BMC (β = 0.099, P = 0.035), even after adjusting for the mediator, FFST (β = 0.137, P = 0.020). Egg intake was positively correlated with osteocalcin in both the unadjusted (P = 0.005) and adjusted (P = 0.049) models. CONCLUSION If the positive influence of eggs on Ct.BMC observed in this study is confirmed through future randomized controlled trials, whole eggs may represent a viable strategy to promote pediatric bone development and prevent fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Coheley
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, 279 Dawson Hall, 305 Sanford Drive, Athens, GA, USA
| | - J M Kindler
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, Stone Hall 220-B, 770 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - E M Laing
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, 279 Dawson Hall, 305 Sanford Drive, Athens, GA, USA
| | - A Oshri
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, The University of Georgia, 208 Family Science Center (House A), 403 Sanford Drive, Athens, GA, USA
| | - K M Hill Gallant
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, STON 207, 700 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - S J Warden
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 1140 West Michigan Street, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - M Peacock
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Gatch Hall Suite 265, 1120 West Michigan Street, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - C M Weaver
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, Stone Hall 220-B, 770 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - R D Lewis
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, 279 Dawson Hall, 305 Sanford Drive, Athens, GA, USA.
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Smith TJ, Tripkovic L, Hauger H, Damsgaard CT, Mølgaard C, Lanham-New SA, Hart KH. Winter Cholecalciferol Supplementation at 51°N Has No Effect on Markers of Cardiometabolic Risk in Healthy Adolescents Aged 14-18 Years. J Nutr 2018; 148:1269-1275. [PMID: 29920594 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiologic studies have supported inverse associations between low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and cardiometabolic risk markers, but few randomized trials have investigated the effect of vitamin D supplementation on these markers in adolescents. Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of winter-time cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) supplementation on cardiometabolic risk markers in white, healthy 14- to 18-y-old adolescents in the UK (51°N) as part of the ODIN Project. Methods In a dose-response trial, 110 adolescents (mean ± SD age: 15.9 ± 1.4 y; 43% male; 81% normal weight) were randomly assigned to receive 0, 10 or 20 μg/d vitamin D3 for 20 wk (October-March). Cardiometabolic risk markers including BMI-for-age z score (BMIz), waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting plasma triglycerides, cholesterol (total, HDL, LDL, and total:HDL), and glucose were measured at baseline and endpoint as secondary outcomes, together with serum 25(OH)D. Intervention effects were evaluated in linear regression models as between-group differences at endpoint, adjusted for the baseline value of the outcome variable and additionally for age, sex, Tanner stage, BMIz, and baseline serum 25(OH)D. Results Mean ± SD baseline serum 25(OH)D was 49.1 ± 12.3 nmol/L and differed between groups at endpoint with concentrations of 30.7 ± 8.6, 56.6 ± 12.4, and 63.9 ± 10.6 nmol/L in the 0, 10, and 20 μg/d groups, respectively (P ≤ 0.001). Vitamin D3 supplementation had no effect on any of the cardiometabolic risk markers (all P > 0.05), except for lower HDL (-0.12 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.21, 0.04 mmol/L; P = 0.003) and total cholesterol (-0.21 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.42, 0.00 mmol/L; P = 0.05) in the 20 μg/d than in the 10 μg/d group, which disappeared in the fully adjusted analysis (P = 0.27 and P = 0.30, respectively). Conclusions Supplementation with vitamin D3 at 10 and 20 μg/d, which increased serum 25(OH)D concentrations during the winter-time, had no effect on markers of cardiometabolic risk in healthy 14- to 18-y-old adolescents. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02150122.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taryn J Smith
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Tripkovic
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Hanne Hauger
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla T Damsgaard
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Mølgaard
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susan A Lanham-New
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn H Hart
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, United Kingdom
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Saggese G, Vierucci F, Prodam F, Cardinale F, Cetin I, Chiappini E, de’ Angelis GL, Massari M, Miraglia Del Giudice E, Miraglia Del Giudice M, Peroni D, Terracciano L, Agostiniani R, Careddu D, Ghiglioni DG, Bona G, Di Mauro G, Corsello G. Vitamin D in pediatric age: consensus of the Italian Pediatric Society and the Italian Society of Preventive and Social Pediatrics, jointly with the Italian Federation of Pediatricians. Ital J Pediatr 2018; 44:51. [PMID: 29739471 PMCID: PMC5941617 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-018-0488-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D plays a pivotal role in the regulation of calcium-phosphorus metabolism, particularly during pediatric age when nutritional rickets and impaired bone mass acquisition may occur.Besides its historical skeletal functions, in the last years it has been demonstrated that vitamin D directly or indirectly regulates up to 1250 genes, playing so-called extraskeletal actions. Indeed, recent data suggest a possible role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of several pathological conditions, including infectious, allergic and autoimmune diseases. Thus, vitamin D deficiency may affect not only musculoskeletal health but also a potentially wide range of acute and chronic conditions. At present, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is high in Italian children and adolescents, and national recommendations on vitamin D supplementation during pediatric age are lacking. An expert panel of the Italian Society of Preventive and Social Pediatrics reviewed available literature focusing on randomized controlled trials of vitamin D supplementation to provide a practical approach to vitamin D supplementation for infants, children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Saggese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Paediatrics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Flavia Prodam
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Fabio Cardinale
- Pediatric Unit, Division of Pulmonology, Allergy, and Immunology, AOU Policlinico-Giovanni XXIII, Bari, Italy
| | - Irene Cetin
- Department of Mother and Child, Hospital Luigi Sacco, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Chiappini
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Anna Meyer Children’s University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Gian Luigi de’ Angelis
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit and Clinical Paediatrics Unit, Department of Paediatrics and Maternal Medicine, University of Parma Hospital Trust, Parma, Italy
| | - Maddalena Massari
- Department of Mother and Child, Hospital Luigi Sacco, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Miraglia Del Giudice
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Miraglia Del Giudice
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Diego Peroni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Paediatrics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luigi Terracciano
- Pediatric Primary Care, National Pediatric Health Care System, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Domenico Careddu
- Pediatric Primary Care, National Pediatric Health Care System, Novara, Italy
| | - Daniele Giovanni Ghiglioni
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianni Bona
- Division of Pediatrics, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Mauro
- Pediatric Primary Care, National Pediatric Health Care System, Caserta, Italy
| | - Giovanni Corsello
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, AOUP, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Brar PC, Contreras M, Fan X, Visavachaipan N. Effect of one time high dose “stoss therapy” of vitamin D on glucose homeostasis in high risk obese adolescents. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2018; 62:193-200. [PMID: 29641737 PMCID: PMC10118987 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of using a one time high dose "stoss therapy" of vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol: VD2) on indices of insulin sensitivity {whole body sensitivity index: WBISI} and secretion {insulinogenic index: IGI} measured during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in obese adolescents with VDD (25 OHD; serum metabolite of vit D: < 30 ng/dL). SUBJECTS AND METHODS In a randomized placebo controlled cross over design 20 obese adolescents with vitamin D deficiency (VDD) had baseline OGTT. Arm A received one time high dose 300,000 IU of ergocalciferol and Arm B received placebo. After 6 weeks the adolescents were reassigned to Arm A if they were in Arm B and vice versa. 25OHD, calcium, parathyroid hormone, comprehensive metabolic panel, urine calcium creatinine ratio were measured at each study visit. OGTTs to assess indices of sensitivity and secretion were done at baseline, 6 weeks and 12 weeks respectively. RESULTS Adolescents were obese and insulin resistant (mean ± SD: mean age = 15.1 ± 1.9 years; BMI: 32.7 ± 9.8; homeostatic model of insulin resistance: HOMA-IR: 4.2 ± 2.8). Stoss therapy with VD2 increased 25OHD from baseline (16.7 ± 2.9 to 19.5 ± 4.5; p = 0.0029) when compared to the placebo. WBISI (2.8 ± 1.9) showed a trend towards improvement in Rx group (p = 0.0577) after adjustment for covariates. IGI (3 ± 2.2) showed an improvement in both Rx and placebo groups. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that using a high dose of VD2 (300,000 IU) did not have any beneficial effect on insulin sensitivity (whole body sensitivity index {WBISI}) and secretory indices (insulinogenic index {IGI}) in obese adolescents. High dose "stoss therapy" of VD2 did not appear to have any beneficial effect on glucose homeostasis on obese adolescents.
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20
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Kindler JM, Pollock NK, Laing EM, Oshri A, Jenkins NT, Isales CM, Hamrick MW, Ding KH, Hausman DB, McCabe GP, Martin BR, Hill Gallant KM, Warden SJ, Weaver CM, Peacock M, Lewis RD. Insulin Resistance and the IGF-I-Cortical Bone Relationship in Children Ages 9 to 13 Years. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:1537-1545. [PMID: 28300329 PMCID: PMC5489353 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
IGF-I is a pivotal hormone in pediatric musculoskeletal development. Although recent data suggest that the role of IGF-I in total body lean mass and total body bone mass accrual may be compromised in children with insulin resistance, cortical bone geometric outcomes have not been studied in this context. Therefore, we explored the influence of insulin resistance on the relationship between IGF-I and cortical bone in children. A secondary aim was to examine the influence of insulin resistance on the lean mass-dependent relationship between IGF-I and cortical bone. Children were otherwise healthy, early adolescent black and white boys and girls (ages 9 to 13 years) and were classified as having high (n = 147) or normal (n = 168) insulin resistance based on the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Cortical bone at the tibia diaphysis (66% site) and total body fat-free soft tissue mass (FFST) were measured by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), respectively. IGF-I, insulin, and glucose were measured in fasting sera and HOMA-IR was calculated. Children with high HOMA-IR had greater unadjusted IGF-I (p < 0.001). HOMA-IR was a negative predictor of cortical bone mineral content, cortical bone area (Ct.Ar), and polar strength strain index (pSSI; all p ≤ 0.01) after adjusting for race, sex, age, maturation, fat mass, and FFST. IGF-I was a positive predictor of most musculoskeletal endpoints (all p < 0.05) after adjusting for race, sex, age, and maturation. However, these relationships were moderated by HOMA-IR (pInteraction < 0.05). FFST positively correlated with most cortical bone outcomes (all p < 0.05). Path analyses demonstrated a positive relationship between IGF-I and Ct.Ar via FFST in the total cohort (βIndirect Effect = 0.321, p < 0.001). However, this relationship was moderated in the children with high (βIndirect Effect = 0.200, p < 0.001) versus normal (βIndirect Effect = 0.408, p < 0.001) HOMA-IR. These data implicate insulin resistance as a potential suppressor of IGF-I-dependent cortical bone development, though prospective studies are needed. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Kindler
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Emma M Laing
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Assaf Oshri
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Nathan T Jenkins
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Carlos M Isales
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Mark W Hamrick
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Ke-Hong Ding
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Dorothy B Hausman
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - George P McCabe
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Berdine R Martin
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Stuart J Warden
- Department of Physical Therapy, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Connie M Weaver
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Munro Peacock
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Richard D Lewis
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Lobene AJ, Kindler JM, Jenkins NT, Pollock NK, Laing EM, Grider A, Lewis RD. Zinc Supplementation Does Not Alter Indicators of Insulin Secretion and Sensitivity in Black and White Female Adolescents. J Nutr 2017; 147:1296-1300. [PMID: 28592518 DOI: 10.3945/jn.117.248013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Zinc is a micronutrient involved in the production of, and peripheral sensitivity to, pancreatic β cell-derived insulin. To our knowledge, the effect of zinc supplementation on insulin outcomes, and potential risk of diabetes, in otherwise healthy children in the United States has not been investigated.Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the influence of zinc supplementation on insulin outcomes in black and white girls in the early stages of adolescence. A secondary objective was to determine relations between baseline zinc concentrations and insulin outcomes.Methods: Healthy black and white girls aged 9-11 y were randomly assigned to daily supplementation of zinc (9 mg elemental Zn/d; n = 75; blacks: n = 35) or placebo (n = 72; blacks: n = 32) for 4 wk. Fasting serum insulin, glucose, and C-peptide were assessed at baseline and at 4 wk. C-peptide and glucose values were used to calculate the computer model-derived homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR). Changes in outcome measures were compared by using repeated-measures, mixed-model ANOVA.Results: Baseline plasma zinc was not correlated with C-peptide (r = -0.07), insulin (r = -0.06), or HOMA2-IR (r = -0.09) (all P > 0.05) after controlling for race and age. Treatment × time interactions for C-peptide and HOMA2-IR were not significant (both P > 0.05). Although the treatment × race × time interactions for C-peptide and HOMA2-IR were not significant (both P = 0.08), black girls who received the placebo experienced slight increases in C-peptide (15.7%) and HOMA2-IR (17.7%) (P = 0.06).Conclusions: Four weeks of zinc supplementation had no effect on insulin outcomes in healthy black and white early-adolescent girls, although C-peptide and HOMA2-IR tended to increase in black girls who received placebo. Additional trials that are appropriately powered should further explore the effect of zinc on markers of diabetes risk, and whether race affects this relation. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01892098.
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