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Gokyer D, Akinboro S, Zhou LT, Kleinhans A, Laronda MM, Duncan FE, Riley JK, Goldman KN, Babayev E. The oocyte microenvironment is altered in adolescents compared to oocyte donors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.04.588118. [PMID: 38617323 PMCID: PMC11014529 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.04.588118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Study question Are the molecular signatures of cumulus cells (CCs) and follicular fluid (FF) of adolescents undergoing fertility preservation differ from that of reproductively adult oocyte donors? Summary answer The microenvironment immediately surrounding the oocyte, including the CCs and FF, is altered in adolescents undergoing fertility preservation compared to oocyte donors. What is known already Adolescents experience a period of subfecundity following menarche. Recent evidence suggests that this may be at least partially due to increased oocyte aneuploidy. Reproductive juvenescence in mammals is associated with suboptimal oocyte quality. Study design size duration This was a prospective cohort study. Adolescents (10-19 years old, N=23) and oocyte donors (22-30 years old, N=31) undergoing ovarian stimulation and oocyte retrieval at the Northwestern Fertility and Reproductive Medicine Center between November 1, 2020 and May 1, 2023 were enrolled in this study. Participants/materials setting methods Patient demographics, ovarian stimulation, and oocyte retrieval outcomes were collected for all participants. The transcriptome of CCs associated with mature oocytes was compared between adolescents (10-19 years old, n=19), and oocyte donors (22-30 years old, n=19) using bulk RNA-sequencing. FF cytokine profiles (10-19 years old, n=18 vs. 25-30 years old, n=16) were compared using cytokine arrays. Main results and the role of chance RNA-seq analysis revealed 581 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in cumulus cells of adolescents relative to oocyte donors, with 361 genes downregulated and 220 upregulated. Genes enriched in pathways involved in cell cycle and cell division (e.g., GO:1903047, p= 3.5 × 10-43; GO:0051983, p= 4.1 × 10-30; GO:0000281, p= 7.7 × 10-15; GO:0044839, p= 5.3 × 10-13) were significantly downregulated, while genes enriched in several pathways involved in cellular and vesicle organization (e.g., GO:0010256, p= 1.2 × 10-8; GO:0051129, p= 6.8 × 10-7; GO:0016050, p= 7.4 × 10-7; GO:0051640, p= 8.1 × 10-7) were upregulated in CCs of adolescents compared to oocyte donors. The levels of 9 cytokines were significantly increased in FF of adolescents compared to oocyte donors: IL-1 alpha (2-fold), IL-1 beta (1.7-fold), I-309 (2-fold), IL-15 (1.6-fold), TARC (1.9-fold), TPO (2.1-fold), IGFBP-4 (2-fold), IL-12-p40 (1.7-fold) and ENA-78 (1.4-fold). Interestingly, 7 of these cytokines have known pro-inflammatory roles. Importantly, neither the CC transcriptomes or FF cytokine profiles were different in adolescents with or without cancer. Large scale data Original high-throughput sequencing data will be deposited in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) before publication, and the GEO accession number will be provided here. Limitations reasons for caution This study aims to gain insights into the associated gamete quality by studying the immediate oocyte microenvironment. The direct study of oocytes is more challenging due to sample scarcity, as they are cryopreserved for future use, but will provide a more accurate assessment of oocyte reproductive potential. Wider implications of the findings Understanding the underpinnings of altered immediate oocyte microenvironment of adolescent patients may provide insights into the reproductive potential of the associated gametes in the younger end of the age spectrum. This has implications for the fertility preservation cycles for very young patients. Study funding/competing interests This project was supported by Friends of Prentice organization SP0061324 (M.M.L and E.B.), Gesualdo Family Foundation (Research Scholar: M.M.L.), and NIH/NICHD K12 HD050121 (E.B.). The authors have declared that no conflict of interest exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilan Gokyer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611
| | - Sophia Akinboro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611
- Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208
| | - Luhan T. Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611
| | - Anna Kleinhans
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern Medicine Center for Fertility and Reproductive Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611
| | - Monica M. Laronda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611
- Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60611
| | - Francesca E. Duncan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611
| | - Joan K. Riley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern Medicine Center for Fertility and Reproductive Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611
| | - Kara N. Goldman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern Medicine Center for Fertility and Reproductive Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611
| | - Elnur Babayev
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern Medicine Center for Fertility and Reproductive Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611
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Conover CA, Oxvig C. The Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A (PAPP-A) Story. Endocr Rev 2023; 44:1012-1028. [PMID: 37267421 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) was first identified in the early 1970s as a placental protein of unknown function, present at high concentrations in the circulation of pregnant women. In the mid-to-late 1990s, PAPP-A was discovered to be a metzincin metalloproteinase, expressed by many nonplacental cells, that regulates local insulin-like growth factor (IGF) activity through cleavage of high-affinity IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs), in particular IGFBP-4. With PAPP-A as a cell surface-associated enzyme, the reduced affinity of the cleavage fragments results in increased IGF available to bind and activate IGF receptors in the pericellular environment. This proteolytic regulation of IGF activity is important, since the IGFs promote proliferation, differentiation, migration, and survival in various normal and cancer cells. Thus, there has been a steady growth in investigation of PAPP-A structure and function outside of pregnancy. This review provides historical perspective on the discovery of PAPP-A and its structure and cellular function, highlights key studies of the first 50 years in PAPP-A research, and introduces new findings from recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl A Conover
- Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Claus Oxvig
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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Lionikas A, Hernandez Cordero AI, Kilikevicius A, Carroll AM, Bewick GS, Bunger L, Ratkevicius A, Heisler LK, Harboe M, Oxvig C. Stanniocalcin-2 inhibits skeletal muscle growth and is upregulated in functional overload-induced hypertrophy. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15793. [PMID: 37568262 PMCID: PMC10510475 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Stanniocalcin-2 (STC2) has recently been implicated in human muscle mass variability by genetic analysis. Biochemically, STC2 inhibits the proteolytic activity of the metalloproteinase PAPP-A, which promotes muscle growth by upregulating the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis. The aim was to examine if STC2 affects skeletal muscle mass and to assess how the IGF axis mediates muscle hypertrophy induced by functional overload. METHODS We compared muscle mass and muscle fiber morphology between Stc2-/- (n = 21) and wild-type (n = 15) mice. We then quantified IGF1, IGF2, IGF binding proteins -4 and -5 (IGFBP-4, IGFBP-5), PAPP-A and STC2 in plantaris muscles of wild-type mice subjected to 4-week unilateral overload (n = 14). RESULTS Stc2-/- mice showed up to 10% larger muscle mass compared with wild-type mice. This increase was mediated by greater cross-sectional area of muscle fibers. Overload increased plantaris mass and components of the IGF axis, including quantities of IGF1 (by 2.41-fold, p = 0.0117), IGF2 (1.70-fold, p = 0.0461), IGFBP-4 (1.48-fold, p = 0.0268), PAPP-A (1.30-fold, p = 0.0154) and STC2 (1.28-fold, p = 0.019). CONCLUSION Here we provide evidence that STC2 is an inhibitor of muscle growth upregulated, along with other components of the IGF axis, during overload-induced muscle hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arimantas Lionikas
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and NutritionUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - Ana I. Hernandez Cordero
- Centre for Heart Lung InnovationUniversity of British Columbia, St. Paul's HospitalVancouverCanada
| | - Audrius Kilikevicius
- Department of Health Promotion and RehabilitationLithuanian Sports UniversityKaunasLithuania
| | - Andrew M. Carroll
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research LimitedPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
| | - Guy S. Bewick
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and NutritionUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - Lutz Bunger
- Animal Genetics Company (AnGeCo)EdinburghScotland
| | - Aivaras Ratkevicius
- Department of Health Promotion and RehabilitationLithuanian Sports UniversityKaunasLithuania
| | - Lora K. Heisler
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and NutritionUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - Mette Harboe
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Claus Oxvig
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
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Oxvig C, Conover CA. The Stanniocalcin-PAPP-A-IGFBP-IGF Axis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:1624-1633. [PMID: 36718521 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The pappalysin metalloproteinases, PAPP-A and PAPP-A2, have emerged as highly specific proteolytic enzymes involved in the regulation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling. The only known pappalysin substrates are a subset of the IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs), which bind IGF-I or IGF-II with high affinity to antagonize receptor binding. Thus, by cleaving IGFBPs, the pappalysins have the potential to increase IGF bioactivity and hence promote IGF signaling. This is relevant both in systemic and local IGF regulation, in normal and several pathophysiological conditions. Stanniocalcin-1 and -2 were recently found to be potent pappalysin inhibitors, thus comprising the missing components of a complete proteolytic system, the stanniocalcin-PAPP-A-IGFBP-IGF axis. Here, we provide the biological context necessary for understanding the properties of this molecular network, and we review biochemical data, animal experiments, clinical data, and genetic data supporting the physiological operation of this branch as an important part of the IGF system. However, although in vivo data clearly illustrate its power, it is a challenge to understand its subtle operation, for example, multiple equilibria and inhibitory kinetics may determine how, where, and when the IGF receptor is stimulated. In addition, literally all of the regulatory proteins have suspected or known activities that are not directly related to IGF signaling. How such activities may integrate with IGF signaling is also important to address in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Oxvig
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 C, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Cheryl A Conover
- Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Dya GA, Klychnikov OI, Adasheva DA, Vladychenskaya EA, Katrukha AG, Serebryanaya DV. IGF-Binding Proteins and Their Proteolysis as a Mechanism of Regulated IGF Release in the Nervous Tissue. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2023; 88:S105-S122. [PMID: 37069117 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923140079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 (IGF-1 and IGF-2) play a key role in the maintenance of the nervous tissue viability. IGF-1 and IGF-2 exhibit the neuroprotective effects by stimulating migration and proliferation of nervous cells, activating cellular metabolism, inducing regeneration of damaged cells, and regulating various stages of prenatal and postnatal development of the nervous system. The availability of IGFs for the cells is controlled via their interaction with the IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) that inhibit their activity. On the contrary, the cleavage of IGFBPs by specific proteases leads to the IGF release and activation of its cellular effects. The viability of neurons in the nervous tissue is controlled by a complex system of trophic factors secreted by auxiliary glial cells. The main source of IGF for the neurons are astrocytes. IGFs can accumulate as an extracellular free ligand near the neuronal membranes as a result of proteolytic degradation of IGFBPs by proteases secreted by astrocytes. This mechanism promotes interaction of IGFs with their genuine receptors and triggers intracellular signaling cascades. Therefore, the release of IGF by proteolytic cleavage of IGFBPs is an important mechanism of neuronal protection. This review summarizes the published data on the role of IGFs and IGFBPs as the key players in the neuroprotective regulation with a special focus on the specific proteolysis of IGFBPs as a mechanism for the regulation of IGF bioavailability and viability of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- German A Dya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Oleg I Klychnikov
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Daria A Adasheva
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Elizaveta A Vladychenskaya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Alexey G Katrukha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Daria V Serebryanaya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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Structure of the proteolytic enzyme PAPP-A with the endogenous inhibitor stanniocalcin-2 reveals its inhibitory mechanism. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6084. [PMID: 36257932 PMCID: PMC9579167 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33698-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The metzincin metalloproteinase PAPP-A plays a key role in the regulation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling by specific cleavage of inhibitory IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs). Using single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), we here report the structure of PAPP-A in complex with its endogenous inhibitor, stanniocalcin-2 (STC2), neither of which have been reported before. The highest resolution (3.1 Å) was obtained for the STC2 subunit and the N-terminal approximately 1000 residues of the PAPP-A subunit. The 500 kDa 2:2 PAPP-A·STC2 complex is a flexible multidomain ensemble with numerous interdomain contacts. In particular, a specific disulfide bond between the subunits of STC2 and PAPP-A prevents dissociation, and interactions between STC2 and a module located in the very C-terminal end of the PAPP-A subunit prevent binding of its main substrate, IGFBP-4. While devoid of activity towards IGFBP-4, the active site cleft of the catalytic domain is accessible in the inhibited PAPP-A·STC2 complex, as shown by its ability to hydrolyze a synthetic peptide derived from IGFBP-4. Relevant to multiple human pathologies, this unusual mechanism of proteolytic inhibition may support the development of specific pharmaceutical agents, by which IGF signaling can be indirectly modulated.
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Alekseenkova EN, Selkov SA, Kapustin RV. Fetal growth regulation via insulin-like growth factor axis in normal and diabetic pregnancy. J Perinat Med 2022; 50:947-960. [PMID: 35363447 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2021-0510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diabetes mellitus (DM) in pregnancy and gestational diabetes remain a considerable cause of pregnancy complications, and fetal macrosomia is among them. Insulin, insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), and components of their signal-transduction axes belong to the predominant growth regulators and are implicated in glucose homeostasis. This study aimed to evaluate the available evidence on the association between the IGF axis and fetal anthropometric parameters in human diabetic pregnancy. METHODS PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, and CNKI databases (1981-2021) were searched. RESULTS Maternal and cord serum IGF-I levels are suggested to be positively associated with weight and length of neonates born to mothers with type 1 DM. The results concerning IGF-II and IGFBPs in type 1 DM or any of the IGF axis components in type 2 DM remain controversial. The alterations of maternal serum IGFs concentrations throughout diabetic and non-diabetic pregnancy do not appear to be the same. Maternal 1st trimester IGF-I level is positively associated with fetal birth weight in DM. CONCLUSIONS Research on the IGF axis should take gestational age of sampling, presence of DM, and insulin administration into account. Maternal 1st trimester IGF-I level might become a predictor for macrosomia development in diabetic pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena N Alekseenkova
- D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Medicine, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey A Selkov
- D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Medicine, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Roman V Kapustin
- D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Medicine, St Petersburg, Russian Federation.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, St Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
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Frøbert AM, Brohus M, Roesen TS, Kindberg J, Fröbert O, Conover CA, Overgaard MT. Circulating insulin-like growth factor system adaptations in hibernating brown bears indicate increased tissue IGF availability. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 323:E307-E318. [PMID: 35830688 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00429.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Brown bears conserve muscle and bone mass during 6 mo of inactive hibernation. The molecular mechanisms underlying hibernation physiology may have translational relevance for human therapeutics. We hypothesize that protective mechanisms involve increased tissue availability of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs). In subadult Scandinavian brown bears, we observed that mean plasma IGF-1 and IGF-2 levels during hibernation were reduced to 36 ± 10% and 56 ± 15%, respectively, compared with the active state (n = 12). Western ligand blotting identified IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-3 as the major IGFBP in the active state, whereas IGFBP-2 was codominant during hibernation. Acid labile subunit (ALS) levels in hibernation were reduced to 41±16% compared with the active state (n = 6). Analysis of available grizzly bear RNA sequencing data revealed unaltered liver mRNA IGF-1, IGFBP-2, and IGFBP-3 levels, whereas ALS levels were significantly reduced during hibernation (n = 6). Reduced ALS synthesis and circulating levels during hibernation should prompt a shift from ternary IGF/IGFBP/ALS to smaller binary IGF/IGFBP complexes, thereby increasing IGF tissue availability. Indeed, size-exclusion chromatography of bear plasma demonstrated a shift to lower molecular weight IGF-containing complexes in the hibernating versus the active state. Furthermore, we note that the major IGF-2 mRNA isoform expressed in livers in both Scandinavian brown bears and grizzly bears was an alternative splice variant in which Ser29 is replaced with a tetrapeptide possessing a positively charged Arg residue. Homology modeling of the bear IGF-2/IGFBP-2 complex showed the tetrapeptide in proximity to the heparin-binding domain involved in bone-specific targeting of this complex. In conclusion, this study provides data which suggest that increased IGF tissue availability combined with tissue-specific targeting contribute to tissue preservation in hibernating bears.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Brown bears shift from circulating ternary IGF/IGFBP/ALS complexes in the active state to binary IGF/IGFBP complexes during hibernation, indicating increased tissue IGF-bioactivity. Furthermore, brown bears use a splice variant of IGF-2, suggesting increased bone-specific targeting of IGF anabolic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Mette Frøbert
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Malene Brohus
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Tinna S Roesen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jonas Kindberg
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ole Fröbert
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Health, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Cheryl A Conover
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Michael T Overgaard
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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The Proteolytic Landscape of Ovarian Cancer: Applications in Nanomedicine. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179981. [PMID: 36077371 PMCID: PMC9456334 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OvCa) is one of the leading causes of mortality globally with an overall 5-year survival of 47%. The predominant subtype of OvCa is epithelial carcinoma, which can be highly aggressive. This review launches with a summary of the clinical features of OvCa, including staging and current techniques for diagnosis and therapy. Further, the important role of proteases in OvCa progression and dissemination is described. Proteases contribute to tumor angiogenesis, remodeling of extracellular matrix, migration and invasion, major processes in OvCa pathology. Multiple proteases, such as metalloproteinases, trypsin, cathepsin and others, are overexpressed in the tumor tissue. Presence of these catabolic enzymes in OvCa tissue can be exploited for improving early diagnosis and therapeutic options in advanced cases. Nanomedicine, being on the interface of molecular and cellular scales, can be designed to be activated by proteases in the OvCa microenvironment. Various types of protease-enabled nanomedicines are described and the studies that focus on their diagnostic, therapeutic and theranostic potential are reviewed.
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Martín-Estal I, Castorena-Torres F. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Energy-Dense Diet: What Is the Role of the Insulin/IGF Axis? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:916042. [PMID: 35813659 PMCID: PMC9259869 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.916042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), is one of the most important pregnancy complications affecting approximately 15% of pregnant women. It is related to several gestational adverse outcomes in the fetus, e.g., macrosomia, shoulder dystocia, stillbirth, neonatal hypoglycemia, and respiratory distress. Women with GDM have a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes in the future. The pathogenesis of GDM is not completely understood; nevertheless, two factors could contribute to its development: β-cell dysfunction and failure in insulin secretion in response to insulin resistance induced by gestation. Both processes, together with the physiological activities of the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), play a crucial role in glucose transport to the fetus and hence, fetal growth and development. IGFs (both IGF-1 and IGF-2) and their binding proteins (IGFBPs) regulate glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Maternal nutritional status determines the health of the newborn, as it has substantial effects on fetal growth and development. Maternal obesity and an energy-dense diet can cause an increase in insulin and IGF-1 serum levels, producing metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance, GDM, and high birth weight (> 4,000 g) due to a higher level of body fat. In this way, in GDM pregnancies there is an increase in IGF-1 and IGF-2 serum levels, and a decrease in IGFBP-1 and 4 serum levels, suggesting the crucial role of the insulin/IGF system in this gestational outcome. Here, the present review tries to elucidate the role that energy-dense diets and the insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway perform in GDM pregnancies.
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Serebryanaya DV, Adasheva DA, Konev AA, Artemieva MM, Katrukha IA, Postnikov AB, Medvedeva NA, Katrukha AG. IGFBP-4 Proteolysis by PAPP-A in a Primary Culture of Rat Neonatal Cardiomyocytes under Normal and Hypertrophic Conditions. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2021; 86:1395-1406. [PMID: 34906040 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921110043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are among the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) is a matrix metalloprotease localized on the cell surface. One of the substrates that PAPP-A cleaves is the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4), a member of the family of proteins that bind insulin-like growth factor (IGF). Proteolysis of IGFBP-4 by PAPP-A occurs at a specific site resulting in formation of two proteolytic fragments - N-terminal IGFBP-4 (NT-IGFBP-4) and C-terminal IGFBP-4 (CT-IGFBP-4), and leads to the release of IGF activating various cellular processes including migration, proliferation, and cell growth. Increased levels of the proteolytic IGFBP-4 fragments correlate with the development of CVD complications and increased risk of death in patients with the coronary heart disease, acute coronary syndrome, and heart failure. However, there is no direct evidence that PAPP-A specifically cleaves IGFBP-4 in the cardiac tissue under normal and pathological conditions. In the present study, using a primary culture of rat neonatal cardiomyocytes as a model, we have demonstrated that: 1) proteolysis of IGFBP-4 by PAPP-A occurs in the conditioned medium of cardiomyocytes, 2) PAPP-A-specific IGFBP-4 proteolysis is increased when cardiomyocytes are transformed to a hypertrophic state. Thus, it can be assumed that the enhancement of IGFBP-4 cleavage by PAPP-A and hypertrophic changes in cardiomyocytes accompanying CVD are interrelated, and PAPP-A appears to be one of the activators of the IGF-dependent processes in normal and hypertrophic-state cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria V Serebryanaya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
| | - Daria A Adasheva
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | | | - Marina M Artemieva
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Ivan A Katrukha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
- HyTest Ltd., Turku, 20520, Finland
| | - Alexander B Postnikov
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
- HyTest Ltd., Turku, 20520, Finland
| | - Natalia A Medvedeva
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Alexey G Katrukha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
- HyTest Ltd., Turku, 20520, Finland
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12
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Šimják P, Anderlová K, Cinkajzlová A, Pařízek A, Kršek M, Haluzík M. The possible role of endocrine dysfunction of adipose tissue in gestational diabetes mellitus. MINERVA ENDOCRINOL 2021; 45:228-242. [PMID: 33000620 DOI: 10.23736/s0391-1977.20.03192-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is diabetes that is first diagnosed in the second or third trimester of pregnancy in patients who did not have a history of diabetes before pregnancy. Consequences of GDM include increased risk of macrosomia and birth complications in the infant and an increased risk of maternal type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) after pregnancy. There is also a longer-term risk of obesity, T2DM, and cardiovascular diseases in the child. GDM is the result of impaired glucose tolerance due to pancreatic β-cell dysfunction on a background of insulin resistance that physiologically increases during pregnancy. The strongest clinical predictors of GDM are overweight and obesity. The fact that women with GDM are more likely to be overweight or obese suggests that adipose tissue dysfunction may be involved in the pathogenesis of GDM, similarly to T2DM. Adipose tissue is not only involved in energy storage but also functions as an active endocrine organ secreting adipokines (specific hormones and cytokines) with the ability to alter insulin sensitivity. Recent evidence points to a crucial role of numerous adipokines produced by fat in the development of GDM. The following text summarizes the current knowledge about a possible role of selected adipokines in the development of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Šimják
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Anderlová
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.,Third Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Cinkajzlová
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Pařízek
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kršek
- Third Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Haluzík
- Diabetes Center, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic -
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13
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Timofeeva AV, Fedorov IS, Pirogova MM, Vasilchenko ON, Chagovets VV, Ezhova LS, Zabelina TM, Shmakov RG, Sukhikh GT. Clusterin and Its Potential Regulatory microRNAs as a Part of Secretome for the Diagnosis of Abnormally Invasive Placenta: Accreta, Increta, and Percreta Cases. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11040270. [PMID: 33805203 PMCID: PMC8064394 DOI: 10.3390/life11040270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound methods used for the diagnosis of an abnormally invasive placenta (AIP) have a wide range of sensitivity (Se, 33–93%) and specificity (Sp, 71–100%) levels, which results in a high risk of unfavorable maternal and perinatal outcomes. The relevance of optimizing the diagnosis of AIP is beyond doubt. Given the epigenetic nature of trophoblast invasion, we aimed to quantitate microRNAs and proteins of their target genes that are potentially associated with AIP in blood plasma samples from 64 pregnant women at gestation weeks 30–34 by reverse transcription coupled with polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting, respectively. Statistically significant increases in the expression levels of hsa-miR-17-5p, hsa-miR-21-5p, hsa-miR-25-3p, hsa-miR-92a-3p, and hsa-miR-320a-3p were revealed in the groups of women with AIP (accreta, increta, percreta) relative to the group of women with scars on the uterus or to the group with placenta previa. Opposite changes in the expression level of “gene–target protein/miRNA” pairs were found for the α-subunit of the clusterin secretory form and any of the hsa-miR-21-5p, hsa-miR-25-3p, hsa-miR-92a-3p, hsa-miR-320a-3p, and hsa-miR-17-5p in all cases of AIP. The developed logistic regression models to diagnose AIP cases of various severity gave Se values of 88.8–100% and Sp values of 91.6–100% using a combination of hsa-miR-21-5p, hsa-miR-92a-3p, hsa-miR-320a-3p, or clusterin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika V. Timofeeva
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Ac. Oparina 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.F.); (M.M.P.); (O.N.V.); (V.V.C.); (L.S.E.); (T.M.Z.); (R.G.S.); (G.T.S.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +7-4955314444
| | - Ivan S. Fedorov
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Ac. Oparina 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.F.); (M.M.P.); (O.N.V.); (V.V.C.); (L.S.E.); (T.M.Z.); (R.G.S.); (G.T.S.)
| | - Mariya M. Pirogova
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Ac. Oparina 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.F.); (M.M.P.); (O.N.V.); (V.V.C.); (L.S.E.); (T.M.Z.); (R.G.S.); (G.T.S.)
| | - Oksana N. Vasilchenko
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Ac. Oparina 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.F.); (M.M.P.); (O.N.V.); (V.V.C.); (L.S.E.); (T.M.Z.); (R.G.S.); (G.T.S.)
| | - Vitaliy V. Chagovets
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Ac. Oparina 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.F.); (M.M.P.); (O.N.V.); (V.V.C.); (L.S.E.); (T.M.Z.); (R.G.S.); (G.T.S.)
| | - Larisa S. Ezhova
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Ac. Oparina 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.F.); (M.M.P.); (O.N.V.); (V.V.C.); (L.S.E.); (T.M.Z.); (R.G.S.); (G.T.S.)
| | - Tatiana M. Zabelina
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Ac. Oparina 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.F.); (M.M.P.); (O.N.V.); (V.V.C.); (L.S.E.); (T.M.Z.); (R.G.S.); (G.T.S.)
| | - Roman G. Shmakov
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Ac. Oparina 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.F.); (M.M.P.); (O.N.V.); (V.V.C.); (L.S.E.); (T.M.Z.); (R.G.S.); (G.T.S.)
| | - Gennadiy T. Sukhikh
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Ac. Oparina 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.F.); (M.M.P.); (O.N.V.); (V.V.C.); (L.S.E.); (T.M.Z.); (R.G.S.); (G.T.S.)
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, Perinatology and Reproductology, First Moscow State Medical University Named after I.M. Sechenov, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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14
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Kashyap S, Zeidler JD, Chini CCS, Chini EN. Implications of the PAPP-A-IGFBP-IGF-1 pathway in the pathogenesis and treatment of polycystic kidney disease. Cell Signal 2020; 73:109698. [PMID: 32569826 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is one of the most common genetic diseases implicated in the development of end stage renal disease (ESRD). Although FDA has recently approved a drug against ADPKD, there is still a great need for development of alternative management strategies for ADPKD. Understanding the different mechanisms that lead to cystogenesis and cyst expansion in ADPKD is imperative to develop new therapies against ADPKD. Recently, we demonstrated that caloric restriction can prevent the development of cystic disease in animal models of ADPKD and through these studies identified a new role for pregnancy associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), a component of the insulin-like growth factors (IGF) pathway, in the pathogenesis of this disease. The PAPP-A-IGF pathway plays an important role in regulation of cell growth, differentiation, and transformation and dysregulation of this pathway has been implicated in many diseases. Several indirect studies support the involvement of IGF-1 in the pathogenesis of ADPKD. However, it was only recently that we described a direct role for a component of this pathway in pathogenesis of ADPKD, opening a new avenue for the therapeutic approaches for this cystic disease. The present literature review will critically discuss the evidence that supports the role of components of IGF pathway in the pathogenesis of ADPKD and discuss the pharmacological implications of PAPP-A-IGF axis in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Kashyap
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Julianna D Zeidler
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Claudia C S Chini
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Eduardo Nunes Chini
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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15
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Borges VF, Lyons TR, Germain D, Schedin P. Postpartum Involution and Cancer: An Opportunity for Targeted Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatments? Cancer Res 2020; 80:1790-1798. [PMID: 32075799 PMCID: PMC8285071 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-3448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Childbirth at any age confers a transient increased risk for breast cancer in the first decade postpartum and this window of adverse effect extends over two decades in women with late-age first childbirth (>35 years of age). Crossover to the protective effect of pregnancy is dependent on age at first pregnancy, with young mothers receiving the most benefit. Furthermore, breast cancer diagnosis during the 5- to 10-year postpartum window associates with high risk for subsequent metastatic disease. Notably, lactation has been shown to be protective against breast cancer incidence overall, with varying degrees of protection by race, multiparity, and lifetime duration of lactation. An effect for lactation on breast cancer outcome after diagnosis has not been described. We discuss the most recent data and mechanistic insights underlying these epidemiologic findings. Postpartum involution of the breast has been identified as a key mediator of the increased risk for metastasis in women diagnosed within 5-10 years of a completed pregnancy. During breast involution, immune avoidance, increased lymphatic network, extracellular matrix remodeling, and increased seeding to the liver and lymph node work as interconnected pathways, leading to the adverse effect of a postpartum diagnosis. We al discuss a novel mechanism underlying the protective effect of breastfeeding. Collectively, these mechanistic insights offer potential therapeutic avenues for the prevention and/or improved treatment of postpartum breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia F Borges
- Young Women's Breast Cancer Translational Program, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado.
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Traci R Lyons
- Young Women's Breast Cancer Translational Program, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Doris Germain
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Pepper Schedin
- Young Women's Breast Cancer Translational Program, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado.
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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16
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Liu C, Li S, Noer PR, Kjaer-Sorensen K, Juhl AK, Goldstein A, Ke C, Oxvig C, Duan C. The metalloproteinase Papp-aa controls epithelial cell quiescence-proliferation transition. eLife 2020; 9:e52322. [PMID: 32293560 PMCID: PMC7185994 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human patients carrying PAPP-A2 inactivating mutations have low bone mineral density. The underlying mechanisms for this reduced calcification are poorly understood. Using a zebrafish model, we report that Papp-aa regulates bone calcification by promoting Ca2+-transporting epithelial cell (ionocyte) quiescence-proliferation transition. Ionocytes, which are normally quiescent, re-enter the cell cycle under low [Ca2+] stress. Genetic deletion of Papp-aa, but not the closely related Papp-ab, abolished ionocyte proliferation and reduced calcified bone mass. Loss of Papp-aa expression or activity resulted in diminished IGF1 receptor-Akt-Tor signaling in ionocytes. Under low Ca2+ stress, Papp-aa cleaved Igfbp5a. Under normal conditions, however, Papp-aa proteinase activity was suppressed and IGFs were sequestered in the IGF/Igfbp complex. Pharmacological disruption of the IGF/Igfbp complex or adding free IGF1 activated IGF signaling and promoted ionocyte proliferation. These findings suggest that Papp-aa-mediated local Igfbp5a cleavage functions as a [Ca2+]-regulated molecular switch linking IGF signaling to bone calcification by stimulating epithelial cell quiescence-proliferation transition under low Ca2+ stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengdong Liu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Pernille Rimmer Noer
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Anna Karina Juhl
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Allison Goldstein
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Caihuan Ke
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Claus Oxvig
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Cunming Duan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
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17
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Loussert L, Vidal F, Parant O, Hamdi SM, Vayssiere C, Guerby P. Aspirin for prevention of preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction. Prenat Diagn 2020; 40:519-527. [PMID: 31955436 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For the past decades, growing attention has been given to aspirin use during pregnancy. It favors placentation by its proangiogenic, antithrombotic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, low doses of aspirin are prescribed in the prevention of placenta-mediated complications, mainly preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction. However, questions regarding its clinical application are still debated. Aspirin is effective in preventing preeclampsia in a high-risk population. Most guidelines recommend that risk stratification should rely on medical history. Nevertheless, screening performances dramatically improve if biochemical and biophysical markers are included. Concerning the appropriate timing and dose, latest studies suggest aspirin should be started before 16 weeks of pregnancy and at a daily dose of 100 mg or more. Further studies are needed to improve the identification of patients likely to benefit from prophylactic aspirin. Besides, the role of aspirin in the prevention of fetal growth restriction is still questioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lola Loussert
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Paule de Viguier Hospital, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Fabien Vidal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Paule de Viguier Hospital, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Parant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Paule de Viguier Hospital, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Safouane M Hamdi
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et d'Hormonologie, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Christophe Vayssiere
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Paule de Viguier Hospital, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Paul Guerby
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Paule de Viguier Hospital, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Inserm U-1048, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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18
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Janssen JAMJL, Varewijck AJ, Brugts MP. The insulin-like growth factor-I receptor stimulating activity (IRSA) in health and disease. Growth Horm IGF Res 2019; 48-49:16-28. [PMID: 31493625 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Determination of true IGF-I bioactivity in serum and other biological fluids is still a substantial challenge. The IGF-IR Kinase Receptor Activation assay (IGF-IR KIRA assay) is a novel tool to asses IGF-IR stimulating activity (IRSA) and has opened a new era in studying the IGF system. In this paper we discuss many studies showing that measuring IRSA by the IGF-IR KIRA assay often provides fundamentally different information about the IGF system than the commonly used total IGF-I immunoassays. With the IGF-IR KIRA assay phosphorylation of tyrosine residues of the IGF-IR is used as read out to quantify IRSA in unknown (serum) samples. The IGF-IR KIRA assay gives information about net overall effects of circulating IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBPs and IGFBP-proteases on IGF-IR activation and seems especially superior to immunoreactive total IGF-I in monitoring therapeutic interventions. Although the IRSA as measured by the IGF-IR KIRA assay probably more closely reflects true bioactive IGF-I than measurements of total IGF-I in serum, the IGF-IR KIRA assay in its current form does not give information about all the post-receptor intracellular events mediated by the IGF-IR. Interestingly, in several conditions in health and disease IRSA measured by the IGF-IR KIRA assay is considerably higher in interstitial fluid and ascites than in serum. This suggests that both the paracrine (local) and endocrine (circulating) IRSA should be measured to get a complete picture about the role of the IGF system in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A M J L Janssen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Aimee J Varewijck
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michael P Brugts
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ikazia Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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19
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Kallestrup M, Frystyk J, Espelund U, Hjortebjerg R, Tankisi H, Andersen H. PAPP-A activity is increased in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with diabetic polyneuropathy and correlates with peripheral nerve impairment. Growth Horm IGF Res 2019; 48-49:53-59. [PMID: 31670029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) have neuroprotective effects. IGF activity is partly controlled by pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), an enzyme which enhances IGF-action by cleavage of IGF-binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4). To study the role of PAPP-A and the IGF system in diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN), we measured immunoreactive (total) concentrations of IGF-I and IGF-II, bioactive IGF by cell-based bioassay, PAPP-A, as well as intact and PAPP-A-cleaved IGFBP-4 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum from patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) with and without DPN. DESIGN Twenty-three patients with T2D were included. Based on clinical examination, vibratory perception thresholds and nerve conduction studies, patients were diagnosed with (n = 9) or without (n = 14) DPN. RESULTS In CSF, PAPP-A activity, as estimated by IGFBP-4 fragment levels, was higher in patients with than without DPN (34.57 vs 13.79 μg/L, p = .003) and concentrations correlated with peripheral nerve impairment measures (r = 0.73, p < .01). Furthermore, serum bioactive IGF was lower in patients with than without DPN (0.8 vs 1.3 μg/L, p = .006) and correlated inversely to the severity of DPN (r = -0.67, p < .01). CONCLUSIONS In both CSF and serum, members of the IGF system correlated with measures of peripheral nerve impairment in patients with T2D. This supports a relationship between the IGF system and the development of DPN. Further studies are needed to clarify if these changes are causally linked to the pathogenesis of DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kallestrup
- Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - J Frystyk
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5000 Odense, Denmark; Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Kløvervænget 6, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - U Espelund
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - R Hjortebjerg
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; The Danish Diabetes Academy, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - H Tankisi
- Department of Neurophysiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - H Andersen
- Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
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20
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Steffensen LB, Conover CA, Oxvig C. PAPP-A and the IGF system in atherosclerosis: what's up, what's down? Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H1039-H1049. [PMID: 31518159 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00395.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) is a metalloproteinase with a well-established role in releasing bioactive insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) from IGF-binding protein-2, -4, and -5 by proteolytic processing of these. The IGF system has repeatedly been suggested to be involved in the pathology of atherosclerosis, and both PAPP-A and IGF-1 are proposed biomarkers and therapeutic targets for this disease. Several experimental approaches based on atherosclerosis mouse models have been undertaken to obtain causative and mechanistic insight to the role of these molecules in atherogenesis. However, reports seem conflicting. The literature suggests that PAPP-A is detrimental, while IGF-1 is beneficial. This raises important questions that need to be addressed. Here we summarize the various studies and discuss potential underlying explanations for this seemingly inconsistency with the objective of better understanding complexities and limitations when manipulating the IGF system in mouse models of atherosclerosis. A debate clarifying what's up and what's down is highly warranted going forward with the ultimate goal of improving atherosclerosis therapy by targeting the IGF system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse B Steffensen
- Centre for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Claus Oxvig
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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21
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Bøtkjær JA, Noer PR, Oxvig C, Yding Andersen C. A common variant of the pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPPA) gene encodes a protein with reduced proteolytic activity towards IGF-binding proteins. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13231. [PMID: 31519945 PMCID: PMC6744435 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49626-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) is a key regulator of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) bioactivity, by releasing the IGFs from their corresponding IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs). The minor allele of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs7020782 (serine < tyrosine), in PAPPA has previously been associated with recurrent pregnancy loss as well as with significant reduced levels of PAPP-A protein in human ovarian follicles. The aim of the present study was to reveal a possible functional effect of the rs7020782 SNP in PAPPA by comparing recombinant PAPP-A proteins from transfected human embryonic kidney 293 T cells. The proteolytic cleavage of IGFBP-4 was shown to be affected by the rs7020782 SNP in PAPPA, showing a significantly reduced cleavage rate for the serine variant compared to the tyrosine variant (p-value < 0.001). The serine variant also showed a trend towards reduced cleavage rates, that was not significant, towards IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-5 compared to the tyrosine variant. No differences were found when analysing cell surface binding, complex formation between PAPP-A and STC2 or proMBP, nor when analysing STC1 inhibition of PAPP-A-mediated IGFBP-4 cleavage. Regulation of IGF bioactivity in reproductive tissues is important and the rs7020782 SNP in PAPPA may disturb this regulation by altering the specific activity of PAPP-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Alrø Bøtkjær
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark.
| | - Pernille Rimmer Noer
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Claus Oxvig
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Claus Yding Andersen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
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Bøtkjær JA, Pors SE, Petersen TS, Kristensen SG, Jeppesen JV, Oxvig C, Andersen CY. Transcription profile of the insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway during human ovarian follicular development. J Assist Reprod Genet 2019; 36:889-903. [PMID: 30877600 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-019-01432-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The IGF signaling cascade exerts important regulatory functions in human ovarian folliculogenesis. The scope of this study was to evaluate the transcription profile of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) genes during human ovarian follicle development and to analyze follicle fluid levels of key IGF proteins. METHODS Gene expression profiling was performed with microarray gene analysis. The analysis was assessed from ovarian follicles and granulosa cells (GCs) obtained from isolated stage-specific human ovarian follicles, including preantral follicles, small antral follicles, and preovulatory follicles. Numerous genes involved in the IGF signaling pathway was evaluated and key genes were validated by qPCR from GCs. Protein levels of various IGF components of human follicular fluid (FF) were measured by ELISA and time-resolved immunofluorometric assays (TRIFMA). RESULTS The gene expression levels of PAPPA, IGF2, IGF receptors and intracellular IGF-activated genes increased with increasing follicle size. This was especially prominent in the late preovulatory stage where IGF2 expression peaked. Protein levels of intact IGF binding protein-4 decreased significantly in FF from large preovulatory follicles compared with small antral follicles concomitant with higher protein levels of PAPP-A. The IGF modulators IGF-2 receptor, IGFBPs, stanniocalcins, and IGF-2 mRNA binding proteins were all observed to be expressed in the different follicle stages. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms and highlights the importance of PAPP-A regulating bioactive IGF levels throughout folliculogenesis and especially for the high rate of granulosa cell proliferation and expression of key ovarian hormones important in the last part of the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Alrø Bøtkjær
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen University, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Susanne Elisabeth Pors
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen University, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tonny Studsgaard Petersen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen University, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine Gry Kristensen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen University, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janni Vikkelsø Jeppesen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen University, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Oxvig
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, DK-8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Claus Yding Andersen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen University, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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23
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Yu XH, He LH, Gao JH, Zhang DW, Zheng XL, Tang CK. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A in atherosclerosis: Molecular marker, mechanistic insight, and therapeutic target. Atherosclerosis 2018; 278:250-258. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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24
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Smith YE, Toomey S, Napoletano S, Kirwan G, Schadow C, Chubb AJ, Mikkelsen JH, Oxvig C, Harmey JH. Recombinant PAPP-A resistant insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4 (dBP4) inhibits angiogenesis and metastasis in a murine model of breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:1016. [PMID: 30348128 PMCID: PMC6196427 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4950-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway plays a role in tumour development and progression. In vivo, IGF1 activity is regulated by the IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs). IGFBP4 inhibits the activity of IGF1 but proteolytic cleavage by pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) releases active IGF1. A modified IGFBP4, dBP4, which was resistant to PAPP-A cleavage but retained IGF1 binding capacity, was engineered, expressed in Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) 293 cells and purified. This study examined the effects of dBP4 on IGF1-induced cell migration, invasion and angiogenesis in vitro. The effect of intra-tumour injections of dBP4 on tumour angiogenesis and metastasis was examined using the 4T1.2luc orthotopic model of breast cancer. METHODS PAPP-A resistance and IGF binding capacity of dBP4 were characterized by Western blot and surface plasmon resonance, respectively. 4T1.2luc are mouse mammary adenocarcinoma cells transfected with luciferase to allow in vivo imaging. The effect of dBP4 on IGF1-induced Akt activation in 4T1.2luc cells was assessed by Western blot. Cell migration and invasion assays were performed using 4T1.2luc cells. Angiokit™ assays and Matrigel® implants were used to assess the effects of dBP4 on angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo, respectively. An orthotopic breast cancer model - 4T1.2luc cells implanted in the mammary fat pad of BALB/c mice - was used to assess the effect of intra tumour injection of purified dBP4 on tumour angiogenesis and metastasis. Tumour growth and lung metastasis were examined by in vivo imaging and tumour angiogenesis was evaluated by CD31 immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Our engineered, PAPP-A resistant IGFBP4 (dBP4) retained IGF1 binding capacity and inhibited IGF1 activation of Akt as well as IGF1-induced migration and invasion by 4T1.2 mammary adenocarcinoma cells. dBP4 inhibited IGF1-induced angiogenesis in vitro and in Matrigel implants in vivo. Direct intra-tumour injection of soluble dBP4 reduced angiogenesis in 4T1.2 luc mammary tumours tumour and reduced lung metastasis. CONCLUSION A PAPP-A resistant IGFBP4, dBP4, inhibits angiogenesis and metastasis in 4T1.2 mammary fat pad tumours. This study highlights the therapeutic potential of dBP4 as an approach to block the tumour-promoting actions of IGF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y E Smith
- Angiogenesis and Metastasis Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - S Toomey
- Angiogenesis and Metastasis Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - S Napoletano
- Angiogenesis and Metastasis Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - G Kirwan
- Angiogenesis and Metastasis Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - C Schadow
- Angiogenesis and Metastasis Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - A J Chubb
- Angiogenesis and Metastasis Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - J H Mikkelsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - C Oxvig
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - J H Harmey
- Angiogenesis and Metastasis Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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25
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Hjortebjerg R. IGFBP-4 and PAPP-A in normal physiology and disease. Growth Horm IGF Res 2018; 41:7-22. [PMID: 29864720 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4) is a modulator of the IGF system, exerting both inhibitory and stimulatory effects on IGF-induced cellular growth. IGFBP-4 is the principal substrate for the enzyme pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A). Through IGF-dependent cleavage of IGFBP-4 in the vicinity of the IGF receptor, PAPP-A is able to increase IGF bioavailability and stimulate IGF-mediated growth. Recently, the stanniocalcins (STCs) were identified as novel inhibitors of PAPP-A proteolytic activity, hereby adding additional members to the seemingly endless list of proteins belonging to the IGF family. Our understanding of these proteins has advanced throughout recent years, and there is evidence to suggest that the role of IGFBP-4 and PAPP-A in defining the relationship between total IGF and IGF bioactivity can be linked to a number of pathological conditions. This review provides an overview of the experimental and clinical findings on the IGFBP-4/PAPP-A/STC axis as a regulator of IGF activity and examines the conundrum surrounding extrapolation of circulating concentrations to tissue action of these proteins. The primary focus will be on the biological significance of IGFBP-4 and PAPP-A in normal physiology and in pathophysiology with emphasis on metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Finally, the review assesses current new trajectories of IGFBP-4 and PAPP-A research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Hjortebjerg
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; The Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark.
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26
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Placenta Accreta Spectrum: A Review of Pathology, Molecular Biology, and Biomarkers. DISEASE MARKERS 2018; 2018:1507674. [PMID: 30057649 PMCID: PMC6051104 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1507674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background. Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is a condition of abnormal placental invasion encompassing placenta accreta, increta, and percreta and is a major cause of severe maternal morbidity and mortality. The diagnosis of a PAS is made on the basis of histopathologic examination and characterised by an absence of decidua and chorionic villi are seen to directly adjacent to myometrial fibres. The underlying molecular biology of PAS is a complex process that requires further research; for ease, we have divided these processes into angiogenesis, proliferation, and inflammation/invasion. A number of diagnostic serum biomarkers have been investigated in PAS, including human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). They have shown variable reliability and variability of measurement depending on gestational age at sampling. At present, a sensitive serum biomarker for invasive placentation remains elusive. In summary, there are a limited number of studies that have contributed to our understanding of the molecular biology of PAS, and additional biomarkers are needed to aid diagnosis and disease stratification.
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Abstract
The zinc metalloproteinase, PAPP-A, enhances local insulin-like growth factor (IGF) action through cleavage of inhibitory IGF-binding proteins, thereby increasing IGF available for IGF receptor-mediated cell proliferation, migration and survival. In many tumors, enhanced IGF receptor signaling is associated with tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. We will first discuss PAPP-A structure and function, and post-translational inhibitors of PAPP-A expression or proteolytic activity. We will then review the evidence supporting an important role for PAPP-A in many cancers, including breast, ovarian and lung cancer, and Ewing sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl A Conover
- From the Division of Endocrinology Mayo ClinicRochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Claus Oxvig
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsAarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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28
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Argente J, Chowen JA, Pérez-Jurado LA, Frystyk J, Oxvig C. One level up: abnormal proteolytic regulation of IGF activity plays a role in human pathophysiology. EMBO Mol Med 2018; 9:1338-1345. [PMID: 28801361 PMCID: PMC5623872 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201707950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of a mutation in a specific gene can be very important for determining the pathophysiology underlying the disease of a patient and may also help to decide the best treatment protocol on an individual basis. However, sometimes the discovery of mutations in new proteins advances our comprehension in a more widespread manner. The growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 axis is fundamental for systemic growth, but is also involved in many other important processes. Our understanding of this system in physiology and pathophysiology has advanced throughout the years with each discovery of mutations in members of this axis. This review focuses on the most recent discovery: mutations in the metalloproteinase pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A2 (PAPP-A2), one of the proteases involved in liberating IGF-1 from the complexes in which it circulates, in patients with delayed growth failure. We also discuss the advances in the stanniocalcins (STC1 and STC2), proteins that modulate PAPP-A2, as well as PAPP-A. These new advances not only bring us one step closer to understanding the strict spatial and temporal control of this axis in systemic growth and maturation, but also highlight possible therapeutic targets when this system goes awry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Argente
- Department of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain .,Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julie A Chowen
- Department of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis A Pérez-Jurado
- Genetics Unit, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jan Frystyk
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Claus Oxvig
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
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29
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Cediel G, Rueda F, Oxvig C, Oliveras T, Labata C, de Diego O, Ferrer M, Aranda-Nevado MC, Serra-Gregori J, Núñez J, García C, Bayes-Genis A. Prognostic value of the Stanniocalcin-2/PAPP-A/IGFBP-4 axis in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018; 17:63. [PMID: 29712555 PMCID: PMC5925828 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-018-0710-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic value of the Stanniocalcin-2/PAPP-A/IGFBP-4 axis in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods Observational cohort study performed in 1085 consecutive STEMI patients treated with early reperfusion between February 2011 and August 2014. Stanniocalcin-2, PAPP-A, and IGFBP-4 were measured using state-of-the art immunoassays. The primary outcome was the composite endpoint of all-cause mortality and readmission due to heart failure (HF). Results Median follow-up was 3.3 years (IQR 1.0–3.7), during which 176 patients (16.2%) presented a composite endpoint. Multivariable cox regression analysis revealed that Stanniocalcin-2 (HR 2.06; 95% CI 1.13–3.75; p = 0.018), IGFBP-4 (HR 1.73; 95% CI 1.14–2.64; p = 0.010), Killip–Kimball class III–IV (HR 1.40; 95% CI 1.13–1.74; p = 0.002), NT-ProBNP (HR 1.21; 95% CI 1.07–1.37; p = 0.002), age (HR 1.06; 95% CI 1.04–1.08; p < 0.001) and left ventricular ejection fraction (HR 0.97; 95% CI 0.95–0.98; p < 0.001) were independent predictors of the composite endpoint. A model containing Stanniocalcin-2 and IGFBP-4 on top of clinical variables significantly improved C-index discrimination (p = 0.036). Stanniocalcin-2 was also identified as independent predictor of all-cause mortality (HR 2.23; 95% CI 1.16–4.29; p = 0.017) and readmission due to HF (HR 3.42; 95% CI 1.22–9.60; p = 0.020). Conclusions In STEMI patients, Stanniocalcin-2 and IGFBP-4 emerged as independent predictors of all-cause death and readmission due to HF. The Stanniocalcin-2/PAPP-A/IGFBP-4 axis exhibits a significant role in STEMI risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán Cediel
- Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Carretera de Canyet s/n, Badalona, 08916, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, CIBERCV, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ferran Rueda
- Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Carretera de Canyet s/n, Badalona, 08916, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, CIBERCV, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claus Oxvig
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Teresa Oliveras
- Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Carretera de Canyet s/n, Badalona, 08916, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, CIBERCV, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Labata
- Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Carretera de Canyet s/n, Badalona, 08916, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, CIBERCV, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol de Diego
- Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Carretera de Canyet s/n, Badalona, 08916, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, CIBERCV, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Ferrer
- Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Carretera de Canyet s/n, Badalona, 08916, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, CIBERCV, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Cruz Aranda-Nevado
- Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Carretera de Canyet s/n, Badalona, 08916, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, CIBERCV, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Serra-Gregori
- Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Carretera de Canyet s/n, Badalona, 08916, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, CIBERCV, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julio Núñez
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, INCLIVA, Departamento de Medicina, CIBERCV Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cosme García
- Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Carretera de Canyet s/n, Badalona, 08916, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, CIBERCV, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Bayes-Genis
- Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Carretera de Canyet s/n, Badalona, 08916, Barcelona, Spain. .,Department of Medicine, CIBERCV, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Abstract
Healthy tissue growth depends on a well-controlled and context-appropriate balance of cellular proliferation, cell cycle arrest, and programmed cell death (apoptosis). Disturbance of this balance by activation of oncogenes, inactivation/mutation of tumor suppressor genes, or inhibition of apoptosis can promote tumorigenesis. This mini-review will focus on evidence for the contribution of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling and its regulation by the transcription factor, p53, to tumor development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl A Conover
- Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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31
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Hjortebjerg R, Berryman DE, Comisford R, List EO, Oxvig C, Bjerre M, Frystyk J, Kopchick JJ. Depot-specific and GH-dependent regulation of IGF binding protein-4, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A, and stanniocalcin-2 in murine adipose tissue. Growth Horm IGF Res 2018; 39:54-61. [PMID: 29398370 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) stimulates insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I action through proteolytic cleavage of IGF binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4). Recently, stanniocalcin-2 (STC2) was discovered as an inhibitor of PAPP-A. Most members of the IGF system are expressed in adipose tissue (AT), but there is a relative paucity of information on the distribution of IGFBP-4, PAPP-A, and STC2 in different AT depots. Since IGF-I expression in AT is highly GH-dependent, we used bovine GH transgenic (bGH) and GH receptor knockout (GHR-/-) mice to investigate AT depot-specific expression patterns of IGFBP-4, PAPP-A, and STC2, and whether the regulation is GH-dependent. METHODS Seven-month-old male bGH, GHR-/- and wild type (WT) control mice were used. Body composition was determined, and subcutaneous, epididymal, retroperitoneal, mesenteric and brown adipose tissue (BAT) depots were collected. RNA expression of Igfbp4, Pappa, and Stc2 was assessed by reverse transcription quantitative PCR and IGFBP-4 protein by Western blotting. RESULTS Igfbp4, Pappa, and Stc2 RNA levels were differentially expressed in an AT depot-dependent manner in WT mice. Igfbp4 RNA levels were significantly higher in all white AT depots than in BAT. Pappa was most highly expressed in the mesenteric depot: levels were 7.5-fold higher in mesenteric than in subcutaneous AT (p < .001). Although intraabdominal in origin, epididymal and retroperitoneal Pappa expression levels were 69% and 68% lower, respectively, as compared to mesenteric levels (p < .001). Stc2 RNA expression was significantly higher in all intraabdominal white AT as compared to subcutaneous AT and BAT; levels in epididymal, retroperitoneal, and mesenteric were all more than three-fold higher than in subcutaneous AT (p < .001) and 12-fold higher than in BAT (p < .001). Gene expression patterns in bGH and GHR-/- mice mimicked those in WT mice, suggesting that GH does not affect the transcription of the STC2-PAPP-A-IGFBP-4-axis in AT. However, proteins levels of intact IGFBP-4 were significantly increased in bGH mice and decreased in GHR-/- mice, whereas the PAPP-A-generated IGFBP-4 fragment level was unaltered. CONCLUSION Expression of Igfbp4, Pappa, and Stc2 differ between AT depots and is generally higher in white AT than in BAT. The transcription appears to occur in a GH-independent manner, whereas IGFBP-4 protein levels are highly influenced by altered GH activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Hjortebjerg
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark; Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
| | - Darlene E Berryman
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
| | - Ross Comisford
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
| | - Edward O List
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
| | - Claus Oxvig
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Mette Bjerre
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Jan Frystyk
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - John J Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
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32
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Barile L, Cervio E, Lionetti V, Milano G, Ciullo A, Biemmi V, Bolis S, Altomare C, Matteucci M, Di Silvestre D, Brambilla F, Fertig TE, Torre T, Demertzis S, Mauri P, Moccetti T, Vassalli G. Cardioprotection by cardiac progenitor cell-secreted exosomes: role of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A. Cardiovasc Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Barile
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Elisabetta Cervio
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Vincenzo Lionetti
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna and UOS Anesthesiology, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Milano
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Heart and Vessels Department, CHUV-University of Lausanne Medical Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Ciullo
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Biemmi
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Sara Bolis
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Altomare
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Marco Matteucci
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna and UOS Anesthesiology, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Tiziano Torre
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Stefanos Demertzis
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | | | - Tiziano Moccetti
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Vassalli
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Heart and Vessels Department, CHUV-University of Lausanne Medical Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiology, Molecular Cardiology Institute, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Iacobaeus C, Kahan T, Jörneskog G, Bremme K, Andolf E, Thorsell M. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A is positively correlated with first-trimester skin microvascular reactivity. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2018; 51:361-367. [PMID: 28397320 DOI: 10.1002/uog.17486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between levels of circulating maternal pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) and first-trimester maternal vascular function. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 53 healthy, non-smoking, nulliparous pregnant women in Stockholm, Sweden. PAPP-A levels and vascular function were assessed during gestational weeks 11-14. Forearm skin microcirculation was investigated by laser Doppler perfusion imaging during iontophoresis of acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) to assess endothelium-dependent and -independent microvascular vasodilatation, respectively. Microvascular endothelial function index was calculated as peak ACh/peak SNP. Endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilatation in the brachial artery was evaluated, respectively, by postischemic hyperemia-induced flow-mediated vasodilatation (FMD) and by response to sublingual intake of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN). RESULTS PAPP-A was correlated with skin microvascular endothelial function index (β = 1.008 (95% CI, 0.34-1.68), r2 = 0.17, P = 0.004). PAPP-A also correlated inversely with FMD (β = -0.052 (95% CI, -0.094 to -0.011), r2 = 0.13, P = 0.014) but did not relate to forearm endothelial function index (i.e. FMD/GTN). The results were retained in multivariate analyses including known confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS First-trimester endothelium-dependent skin microvascular reactivity was positively related to PAPP-A levels. If confirmed, these novel findings suggest that first-trimester skin microvascular reactivity could be a useful early pregnancy marker of placental function. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Iacobaeus
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Kahan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G Jörneskog
- Division of Medicine, Microcirculation Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K Bremme
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Andolf
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Thorsell
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Hoeflich A, David R, Hjortebjerg R. Current IGFBP-Related Biomarker Research in Cardiovascular Disease-We Need More Structural and Functional Information in Clinical Studies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:388. [PMID: 30061864 PMCID: PMC6054974 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death around the world and the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-system has multiple functions for the pathological conditions of atherosclerosis. IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) are widely investigated as biomarkers for pathological disorders, including those of the heart. At the tissue level, IGFBP-1 to -6 decrease bioactivity of IGF-I and -II due to their high affinity IGF-binding sites. By contrast, in the circulation, the IGFBPs increase biological half-life of the IGFs and may therefore be regarded as positive regulators of IGF-effects. The IGFBPs may also exert IGF-independent functions inside or outside the cell. Importantly, the circulating IGFBP-concentrations are regulated by trophic, metabolic, and reproductive hormones. In a multitude of studies of healthy subjects and patients with coronary heart diseases, various significant associations between circulating IGFBP-levels and defined parameters have been reported. However, the complex hormonal and conditional control of IGFBPs may explain the lack of clear associations between IGFBPs and parameters of cardiac failure in broader studies including larger populations. Furthermore, the IGFBPs are subject to posttranslational modifications and proteolytic degradation by proteases, upon which the IGFs are released. In this review, we emphasize that, with the exception of IGFBP-4 and in sharp contrast to the preclinical studies, virtually all clinical studies do not have structural or functional information on their biomarker. The use of analytical systems with no discriminatory potential toward intact vs. fragmented IGFBPs represents a major issue in IGFBP-related biomarker research and an important focus point for the future. Overall, measurements of selected IGFBPs or more complex IGFBP-signatures of the family of IGFBPs have potential to identify pathophysiological alterations in the heart or patients with high cardiovascular risk, particularly if defined cohorts are to be assessed. However, a more thorough understanding of the dynamic IGF-IGFBP system as well as its proteases and protease inhibitors in both normal physiology and in cardiovascular diseases is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hoeflich
- Department of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
- Andreas Hoeflich
| | - Robert David
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- Department Life, Light and Matter, Interdisciplinary Faculty, Rostock University, Rostock, Germany
| | - Rikke Hjortebjerg
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Rikke Hjortebjerg
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Mazerbourg S, Monget P. Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins and IGFBP Proteases: A Dynamic System Regulating the Ovarian Folliculogenesis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:134. [PMID: 29643837 PMCID: PMC5890141 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present article is to update our understanding of the expression of the insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs), IGFBP proteases and their implication in the different processes of ovarian folliculogenesis in mammals. In the studied species, IGFs and several small-molecular weight IGFBPs (in particular IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-4) are considered, respectively, as stimulators and inhibitors of follicular growth and maturation. IGFs play a key role in sensitizing ovarian granulosa cells to FSH action during terminal follicular growth. Concentrations of IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-4 in follicular fluid strongly decrease during follicular growth, leading to an increase in IGF bioavailability. Inversely, atresia is characterized by an increase of IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-4 levels, leading to a decrease in IGF bioavailability. Changes in intrafollicular IGFBPs content are due to variations in mRNA expression and/or proteolytic degradation by the pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), and likely participates in the selection of dominant follicles. The identification of PAPP-A2, as an IGFBP-3 and -5 protease, and stanniocalcins (STCs) as inhibitors of PAPP-A activity extends the IGF system. Studies on their implication in folliculogenesis in mammals are still in the early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Mazerbourg
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, Nancy, France
- *Correspondence: Sabine Mazerbourg, ; Philippe Monget,
| | - Philippe Monget
- INRA, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR 6078 INRA-CNRS-Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
- *Correspondence: Sabine Mazerbourg, ; Philippe Monget,
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Cabrera-Salcedo C, Mizuno T, Tyzinski L, Andrew M, Vinks AA, Frystyk J, Wasserman H, Gordon CM, Hwa V, Backeljauw P, Dauber A. Pharmacokinetics of IGF-1 in PAPP-A2-Deficient Patients, Growth Response, and Effects on Glucose and Bone Density. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:4568-4577. [PMID: 29029190 PMCID: PMC5718699 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-01411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The pregnancy-associated plasma protein A2 (PAPP-A2) cleaves insulinlike growth factor binding proteins 3 and 5, releasing free insulinlike growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Homozygous mutations in PAPP-A2 result in growth failure with elevated total but low free IGF-1. OBJECTIVE To determine the 24-hour pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of free and total IGF-1 after a dose of recombinant human insulinlike growth factor 1 (rhIGF-1). We describe the growth response and effects on glucose metabolism and bone mineral density (BMD) after 1 year of rhIGF-1 therapy. DESIGN AND PATIENTS Three affected siblings, their heterozygous parents, and two healthy controls participated. The subjects received a dose of rhIGF-1, followed by serial blood samples collected over 24 hours. The two younger siblings were started on rhIGF-1 treatment. An oral glucose tolerance test and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans were obtained at baseline and after 1 year of treatment. RESULTS Subcutaneous administration of rhIGF-1 increased the concentration of free and total IGF-1 in patients with PAPP-A2 deficiency. The PK profile was comparable in all participants. At baseline, all three subjects demonstrated insulin resistance and below-average BMD. Treatment with rhIGF-1 is ongoing in the youngest patient but was discontinued in his brother because of the development of pseudotumor cerebri. The treated patient had an increase in height velocity from 3.0 to 6.2 cm/y, resolution of insulin resistance, and an increase in total body BMD. CONCLUSIONS rhIGF-1 at standard dosages resulted in similar PK characteristics in patients with PAPP-A2 deficiency, heterozygous relatives, and healthy controls. The youngest affected patient experienced a modest growth response to therapy with rhIGF-1, as well as beneficial effects on glucose metabolism and bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Cabrera-Salcedo
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Tomoyuki Mizuno
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
- Clinical Pharmacology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Leah Tyzinski
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Melissa Andrew
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Alexander A. Vinks
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
- Clinical Pharmacology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Jan Frystyk
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Halley Wasserman
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Catherine M. Gordon
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Vivian Hwa
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Philippe Backeljauw
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Andrew Dauber
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
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Dauber A, Muñoz-Calvo MT, Barrios V, Domené HM, Kloverpris S, Serra-Juhé C, Desikan V, Pozo J, Muzumdar R, Martos-Moreno GÁ, Hawkins F, Jasper HG, Conover CA, Frystyk J, Yakar S, Hwa V, Chowen JA, Oxvig C, Rosenfeld RG, Pérez-Jurado LA, Argente J. Mutations in pregnancy-associated plasma protein A2 cause short stature due to low IGF-I availability. EMBO Mol Med 2017; 8:363-74. [PMID: 26902202 PMCID: PMC4818753 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201506106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in multiple genes of the growth hormone/IGF‐I axis have been identified in syndromes marked by growth failure. However, no pathogenic human mutations have been reported in the six high‐affinity IGF‐binding proteins (IGFBPs) or their regulators, such as the metalloproteinase pregnancy‐associated plasma protein A2 (PAPP‐A2) that is hypothesized to increase IGF‐I bioactivity by specific proteolytic cleavage of IGFBP‐3 and ‐5. Multiple members of two unrelated families presented with progressive growth failure, moderate microcephaly, thin long bones, mildly decreased bone density and elevated circulating total IGF‐I, IGFBP‐3, and ‐5, acid labile subunit, and IGF‐II concentrations. Two different homozygous mutations in PAPPA2, p.D643fs25* and p.Ala1033Val, were associated with this novel syndrome of growth failure. In vitro analysis of IGFBP cleavage demonstrated that both mutations cause a complete absence of PAPP‐A2 proteolytic activity. Size‐exclusion chromatography showed a significant increase in IGF‐I bound in its ternary complex. Free IGF‐I concentrations were decreased. These patients provide important insights into the regulation of longitudinal growth in humans, documenting the critical role of PAPP‐A2 in releasing IGF‐I from its BPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Dauber
- Cincinnati Center for Growth Disorders, Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - María T Muñoz-Calvo
- Department of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús Instituto de Investigación La Princesa Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain Program of Pediatric Obesity, CIBEROBN Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Barrios
- Department of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús Instituto de Investigación La Princesa Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain Program of Pediatric Obesity, CIBEROBN Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Horacio M Domené
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET, FEI, División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Soren Kloverpris
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Clara Serra-Juhé
- Genetics Unit, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM) & CIBERER. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vardhini Desikan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, New York Medical College, Valhalla NY, USA
| | - Jesús Pozo
- Department of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús Instituto de Investigación La Princesa Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain Program of Pediatric Obesity, CIBEROBN Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Radhika Muzumdar
- Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gabriel Á Martos-Moreno
- Department of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús Instituto de Investigación La Princesa Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain Program of Pediatric Obesity, CIBEROBN Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Federico Hawkins
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Héctor G Jasper
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET, FEI, División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Jan Frystyk
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Shoshana Yakar
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vivian Hwa
- Cincinnati Center for Growth Disorders, Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Julie A Chowen
- Department of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús Instituto de Investigación La Princesa Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain Program of Pediatric Obesity, CIBEROBN Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Claus Oxvig
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ron G Rosenfeld
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA STAT5 LLC, Los Altos, CA, USA
| | - Luis A Pérez-Jurado
- Genetics Unit, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM) & CIBERER. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Argente
- Department of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús Instituto de Investigación La Princesa Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain Program of Pediatric Obesity, CIBEROBN Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Takabatake Y, Oxvig C, Nagi C, Adelson K, Jaffer S, Schmidt H, Keely PJ, Eliceiri KW, Mandeli J, Germain D. Lactation opposes pappalysin-1-driven pregnancy-associated breast cancer. EMBO Mol Med 2017; 8:388-406. [PMID: 26951623 PMCID: PMC4818749 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201606273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is associated with a transient increase in risk for breast cancer. However, the mechanism underlying pregnancy‐associated breast cancer (PABC) is poorly understood. Here, we identify the protease pappalysin‐1 (PAPP‐A) as a pregnancy‐dependent oncogene. Transgenic expression of PAPP‐A in the mouse mammary gland during pregnancy and involution promotes the deposition of collagen. We demonstrate that collagen facilitates the proteolysis of IGFBP‐4 and IGFBP‐5 by PAPP‐A, resulting in increased proliferative signaling during gestation and a delayed involution. However, while studying the effect of lactation, we found that although PAPP‐A transgenic mice lactating for an extended period of time do not develop mammary tumors, those that lactate for a short period develop mammary tumors characterized by a tumor‐associated collagen signature (TACS‐3). Mechanistically, we found that the protective effect of lactation is associated with the expression of inhibitors of PAPP‐A, STC1, and STC2. Collectively, these results identify PAPP‐A as a pregnancy‐dependent oncogene while also showing that extended lactation is protective against PAPP‐A‐mediated carcinogenesis. Our results offer the first mechanism that explains the link between breast cancer, pregnancy, and breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukie Takabatake
- Division of Hematology/Oncology of the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Tisch Cancer Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Claus Oxvig
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Chandandeep Nagi
- Department of Pathology of the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Tisch Cancer Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kerin Adelson
- Dubin Breast Center of the Icahn School of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shabnam Jaffer
- Department of Pathology of the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Tisch Cancer Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hank Schmidt
- Dubin Breast Center of the Icahn School of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patricia J Keely
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kevin W Eliceiri
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - John Mandeli
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Doris Germain
- Division of Hematology/Oncology of the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Tisch Cancer Institute, New York, NY, USA
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Conover CA, Oxvig C. PAPP-A: a promising therapeutic target for healthy longevity. Aging Cell 2017; 16:205-209. [PMID: 28035757 PMCID: PMC5334524 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) is a proteolytic enzyme that was discovered to increase local insulin-like growth factor (IGF) availability for receptor activation through cleavage of inhibitory IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs). Reduced IGF signaling has been associated with increased lifespan and healthspan. Therefore, inhibition of PAPP-A represents a novel approach to indirectly decrease the availability of bioactive IGF. Here, we will review data in support of PAPP-A as a therapeutic target to promote healthy longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claus Oxvig
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Aarhus Universitet; Aarhus Denmark
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40
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Donegan D, Bale LK, Conover CA. PAPP-A in normal human mesangial cells: effect of inflammation and factors related to diabetic nephropathy. J Endocrinol 2016; 231:71-80. [PMID: 27519211 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are implicated in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and are shown to increase proliferation and extracellular matrix production in mesangial cells. The IGF system is complex and is composed of ligands, receptors, six binding proteins (IGF BPs) and a novel zinc metalloproteinase - pregnancy-associated plasma protein (PAPP)-A. PAPP-A increases the local bioavailability of IGF through the cleavage of IGF BP-4. Mesangial expansion is a major component of DN, and PAPP-A is shown to be increased in the glomeruli of patients with DN. Therefore, we determined the expression of PAPP-A and components of the IGF system in normal human mesangial cells (HMCs) and their regulation by factors known to be involved in DN. Under basal conditions, HMCs expressed PAPP-A, IGF1 receptor and all six IGF BPs. Interleukin (IL)-1β was the most potent stimulus for PAPP-A expression (5-fold) followed by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (2.5-fold). This PAPP-A was secreted, cell associated and proteolytically active. IL1β also increased IGF BP-1expression (3-fold) with either reduction or no effect on other IGF BPs. Generally, TNF-α treatment decreased IGF BP expression. No treatment effect on PAPP-A or IGF BPs was seen with IL6, IGFs, advanced glycation end products or prolonged hyperglycemia. In addition, stimulation of HMCs with IGF1 alone or IGF1 complexed to wild-type, but not protease-resistant, IGF BP-4 led to increased [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation. In conclusion, these novel findings of PAPP-A and its regulation by proinflammatory cytokines, as well as the comprehensive analysis of the IGF system regulation in HMCs, suggest a mechanism by which inflammatory states such as DN can impact IGF activity in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Donegan
- Division of EndocrinologyDiabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Laurie K Bale
- Division of EndocrinologyDiabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Cheryl A Conover
- Division of EndocrinologyDiabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Suman P, Gandhi S, Kumar P, Garg K. Prospects of electrochemical immunosensors for early diagnosis of preeclampsia. Am J Reprod Immunol 2016; 77. [PMID: 27666125 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a vascular multisystem disorder that accounts for varying degree of morbidity and mortality of mother and the fetus. This can be significantly averted if diagnosed at an early (18-20 weeks) stage of gestation, as there is no known way to prevent preeclampsia. In spite of extensive work on biomarker discovery, the existing method for its detection is mostly based on colorimetric immunoassays whose sensitivity is ranging in nanomolar range. Further, it has also been observed that change in the expression of a single biomarker is not sufficient to diagnose this condition. So, for early diagnosis (by 18-20 weeks), an immuno-diagnostic platform with detection limits in picomolar range and beyond along with the ability to do simultaneous detection of multiple analyte would be of great importance. A nano-immunosensors with an electrochemical readout system can be a potential alternative that promises for the ultrasensitive detection of analyte with high specificity as well as suitability for on-site analysis. Coupling the lateral flow technology with immunosensors would make it feasible to detect more than one biomarker simultaneously on a microchip. This review intends to summarize the potential preeclampsia biomarkers, limitations of existing diagnostic methods along with the recent advancements, and prospects to develop electrochemical immunosensors for early clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Suman
- Veterianry Hospital Dhanarua, Animal and Fishery Resources Department (Govt. of Bihar), Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Sonu Gandhi
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prabhanshu Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kirti Garg
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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42
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Thomsen J, Hjortebjerg R, Espelund U, Ørtoft G, Vestergaard P, Magnusson NE, Conover CA, Tramm T, Hager H, Høgdall C, Høgdall E, Oxvig C, Frystyk J. PAPP-A proteolytic activity enhances IGF bioactivity in ascites from women with ovarian carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:32266-78. [PMID: 26336825 PMCID: PMC4741676 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) stimulates insulin-like growth factor (IGF) action through proteolysis of IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-4. In experimental animals, PAPP-A accelerates ovarian tumor growth by this mechanism. To investigate the effect of PAPP-A in humans, we compared serum and ascites from 22 women with ovarian carcinoma. We found that ascites contained 46-fold higher PAPP-A levels as compared to serum (P < 0.001). The majority (80%) of PAPP-A was enzymatically active. This is supported by the finding that ascites contained more cleaved than intact IGFBP-4 (P < 0.03). Ascites was more potent than serum in activating the IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) in vitro (+31%, P < 0.05); in 8 of 22 patients by more than two-fold. In contrast, ascites contained similar levels of immunoreactive IGF-I, and lower levels of IGF-II (P < 0.001). Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the presence of IGF-IR in all but one tumor, whereas all tumors expressed PAPP-A, IGFBP-4, IGF-I and IGF-II. Addition of recombinant PAPP-A to ascites increased the cleavage of IGFBP-4 and enhanced IGF-IR activation (P < 0.05). In conclusion, human ovarian tumors express PAPP-A, IGFBP-4 and IGFs and these proteins are also present in ascites. We suggest that both soluble PAPP-A in ascites and tissue-associated PAPP-A serve to increase IGF bioactivity and, thereby, to stimulate IGF-IR-mediated tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Thomsen
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Rikke Hjortebjerg
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ulrick Espelund
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Gitte Ørtoft
- Department of Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Poul Vestergaard
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Nils E Magnusson
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Cheryl A Conover
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Trine Tramm
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Henrik Hager
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Claus Høgdall
- Clinic of Gynecology, Juliane Marie Centret, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Estrid Høgdall
- Department of Pathology, Herlev University Hospital, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Claus Oxvig
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science & Technology, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jan Frystyk
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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43
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PAPP-A and the IGF system. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2016; 77:90-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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44
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Mesdaghi-nia E, Behrashi M, Saeidi A, Abedzadeh Kalahroodi M. Association between PAPP-A and placental thickness. Int J Reprod Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.29252/ijrm.14.6.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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45
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Steffensen LB, Conover CA, Bjørklund MM, Ledet T, Bentzon JF, Oxvig C. Stanniocalcin-2 overexpression reduces atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic mice. Atherosclerosis 2016; 248:36-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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46
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Jepsen MR, Kløverpris S, Bøtkjær JA, Wissing ML, Andersen CY, Oxvig C. The proteolytic activity of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A is potentially regulated by stanniocalcin-1 and -2 during human ovarian follicle development. Hum Reprod 2016; 31:866-74. [PMID: 26874357 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dew013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is the proteolytic activity of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) regulated by the stanniocalcins (STC1 and STC2) during human follicle maturation? SUMMARY ANSWER The STCs and PAPP-A show similar expression by immunohistochemistry in developing follicles, and regulation of PAPP-A proteolytic activity is suggested by the identification of inhibited protein complexes between PAPP-A and STC1 or STC2 in human follicular fluid (FF). WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-regulating proteinase PAPP-A is secreted by the granulosa cells of estrogen-dominant follicles and is involved in follicle growth. STC1 and STC2 have recently been identified as novel PAPP-A inhibitors, and their expression in non-human mammalian ovaries has previously been observed. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The proteolytic activity of PAPP-A in human follicular fluid was assessed, and the interaction between PAPP-A and the STCs in human ovarian tissues and follicular fluid was analyzed using immunoassays. From 21 women, matched pairs of follicular fluid were obtained from one follicle just prior to final maturation of follicles with human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), and from another follicle in connection with oocyte aspiration after hCG treatment. Ovarian tissues were obtained from women having one ovary removed for fertility preservation by cryopreservation prior to gonadotoxic treatment. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The concentration and activity of PAPP-A were determined in all samples of follicular fluid. Furthermore, to investigate PAPP-A regulation during follicle development, immunohistochemical staining of PAPP-A, STC1, and STC2 was performed on pre-antral and antral human follicles. To attempt the demonstration of native complexes between PAPP-A and the STCs, immunoprecipitation from a pool of human follicular fluid was performed. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The concentration of PAPP-A antigen in follicular fluid increased upon stimulation of ovulation with hCG (P < 0.02), but at the same time, PAPP-A activity was decreased. PAPP-A, STC1, and STC2 were localized together in primordial, late primary, and antral follicles, indicating that complex formation is possible in ovarian tissue. Covalent PAPP-A:STC2 and non-covalent PAPP-A:STC1 complexes were immunoprecipitated from follicular fluid, documenting for the first time native inhibited complexes between PAPP-A and the STCs. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION We have demonstrated the presence of native complexes between PAPP-A and the STCs in the human ovary, indicating STC-mediated PAPP-A proteolytic inhibition. Further investigation is required to extend this principle to other tissues. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our data suggest that the STCs contribute to PAPP-A regulation during folliculogenesis and support a general model in which STC1 and STC2 are regulators of mammalian IGF activity through inhibition of PAPP-A. We suggest that future functional studies take both PAPP-A and the STCs into consideration. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This work was supported by grants from the Novo Nordisk Foundation, and the Danish Council for Independent Research. No competing interests declared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malene R Jepsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren Kløverpris
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jane A Bøtkjær
- Laboratory of reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen University, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Claus Y Andersen
- Laboratory of reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen University, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Oxvig
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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Kløverpris S, Mikkelsen JH, Pedersen JH, Jepsen MR, Laursen LS, Petersen SV, Oxvig C. Stanniocalcin-1 Potently Inhibits the Proteolytic Activity of the Metalloproteinase Pregnancy-associated Plasma Protein-A. J Biol Chem 2015. [PMID: 26195635 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.650143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stanniocalcin-1 (STC1) is a disulfide-bound homodimeric glycoprotein, first identified as a hypocalcemic hormone important for maintaining calcium homeostasis in teleost fish. STC1 was later found to be widely expressed in mammals, although it is not believed to function in systemic calcium regulation in these species. Several physiological functions of STC1 have been reported, although many molecular details are still lacking. We here demonstrate that STC1 is an inhibitor of the metzincin metalloproteinase, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), which modulates insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling through proteolytic cleavage of IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs). STC1 potently (Ki = 68 pm) inhibits PAPP-A cleavage of IGFBP-4, and we show in a cell-based assay that STC1 effectively antagonizes PAPP-A-mediated type 1 IGF receptor (IGF1R) phosphorylation. It has recently been found that the homologous STC2 inhibits PAPP-A proteolytic activity, and that this depends on the formation of a covalent complex between the inhibitor and the proteinase, mediated by Cys-120 of STC2. We find that STC1 is unable to bind covalently to PAPP-A, in agreement with the absence of a corresponding cysteine residue. It rather binds to PAPP-A with high affinity (KD = 75 pm). We further demonstrate that both STC1 and STC2 show inhibitory activity toward PAPP-A2, but not selected serine proteinases and metalloproteinases. We therefore conclude that the STCs are proteinase inhibitors, probably restricted in specificity to the pappalysin family of metzincin metalloproteinases. Our data are the first to identify STC1 as a proteinase inhibitor, suggesting a previously unrecognized function of STC1 in the IGF system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Steen V Petersen
- the Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Claus Oxvig
- From the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics and
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Insulin-like growth factor and epidermal growth factor signaling in breast cancer cell growth: focus on endocrine resistant disease. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2015; 2015:975495. [PMID: 26258011 PMCID: PMC4518167 DOI: 10.1155/2015/975495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer for women worldwide with a lifetime risk amounting to a staggering total of 10%. It is well established that the endogenous synthesis of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) polypeptide growth factors are closely correlated to malignant transformation and all the steps of the breast cancer metastatic cascade. Numerous studies have demonstrated that both estrogens and growth factors stimulate the proliferation of steroid-dependent tumor cells, and that the interaction between these signaling pathways occurs at several levels. Importantly, the majority of breast cancer cases are estrogen receptor- (ER-) positive which have a more favorable prognosis and pattern of recurrence with endocrine therapy being the backbone of treatment. Unfortunately, the majority of patients progress to endocrine therapy resistant disease (acquired resistance) whereas a proportion of patients may fail to respond to initial therapy (de novo resistance). The IGF-I and EGF downstream signaling pathways are closely involved in the process of progression to therapy resistant disease. Modifications in the bioavailability of these growth factors contribute critically to disease progression. In the present review therefore, we will discuss in depth how IGF and EGF signaling participate in breast cancer pathogenesis and progression to endocrine resistant disease.
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49
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Jespersen CHB, Vestergaard KR, Schou M, Teisner B, Goetze JP, Iversen K. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A and the vulnerable plaque. Biomark Med 2015; 8:1033-47. [PMID: 25343675 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.14.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
For more than a decade, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) has been examined for its relation to acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the vulnerable plaque. This review summarizes the current knowledge of plasma PAPP-A in relation to nonpregnant individuals focusing on patients with ACS, discusses its use as a possible biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis in ACS, briefly describes the challenges in different assay technologies and describes the effect of heparin administration on PAPP-A concentrations in plasma.
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50
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The effect of heparin on pregnancy associated plasma protein-A concentration in healthy, non-pregnant individuals. Clin Biochem 2015; 48:757-61. [PMID: 25998835 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to determine the differences in pregnancy associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) concentrations in heparin naive and heparin treated healthy men and non-pregnant women, to find a possible difference in different age groups, and to determine the response in PAPP-A concentration to repeated injections of unfractionated heparin. DESIGN AND METHODS Twenty-five healthy, non-pregnant volunteers divided into five groups (determined by gender and age) received 5000 IU unfractionated heparin intravenously. Five young men received an additional 5000 IU after 90 and 180 min. Blood samples to determine PAPP-A concentration and APTT were drawn at different time points. RESULTS Injection of heparin elicited increase in and rapid normalization of PAPP-A concentrations in all subjects. The group of 20-30-year-old never-pregnant women had lower responses than the individuals of the four other groups. The difference was not significant (p > 0.05). Repeated injections of heparin caused additional peaks in PAPP-A concentration of about the same sizes as the first peak. We observed an increase in time to normalization of PAPP-A concentration (from 75-90 min to 90-150 min) and APTT levels with repeated injections. CONCLUSIONS We observed a rapid normalization of PAPP-A. Our result has a great similarity to the half-life of unfractionated heparin. This result combined with the finding of equally sized peaks in PAPP-A concentration, and that all of this was found in healthy, non-pregnant individuals, suggests that heparin might compete for a binding-site on PAPP-A or with PAPP-A itself for a common receptor in healthy arterial vessels.
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