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Pallesen J, Munier CC, Bosica F, Andrei SA, Edman K, Gunnarsson A, La Sala G, Putra OD, Srdanović S, Wilson AJ, Wissler L, Ottmann C, Perry MWD, O’Mahony G. Designing Selective Drug-like Molecular Glues for the Glucocorticoid Receptor/14-3-3 Protein-Protein Interaction. J Med Chem 2022; 65:16818-16828. [PMID: 36484727 PMCID: PMC9791658 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitously expressed glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a nuclear receptor that controls a broad range of biological processes and is activated by steroidal glucocorticoids such as hydrocortisone or dexamethasone. Glucocorticoids are used to treat a wide variety of conditions, from inflammation to cancer but suffer from a range of side effects that motivate the search for safer GR modulators. GR is also regulated outside the steroid-binding site through protein-protein interactions (PPIs) with 14-3-3 adapter proteins. Manipulation of these PPIs will provide insights into noncanonical GR signaling as well as a new level of control over GR activity. We report the first molecular glues that selectively stabilize the 14-3-3/GR PPI using the related nuclear receptor estrogen receptor α (ERα) as a selectivity target to drive design. These 14-3-3/GR PPI stabilizers can be used to dissect noncanonical GR signaling and enable the development of novel atypical GR modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob
S. Pallesen
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and
Metabolism, Biopharmaceuticals R&D,
AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden
1, 43183 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Claire C. Munier
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, 43183 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Francesco Bosica
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and
Metabolism, Biopharmaceuticals R&D,
AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden
1, 43183 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Sebastian A. Andrei
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Technische
Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Karl Edman
- Discovery
Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, 43183 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Anders Gunnarsson
- Discovery
Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, 43183 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Giuseppina La Sala
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and
Metabolism, Biopharmaceuticals R&D,
AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden
1, 43183 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Okky Dwichandra Putra
- Early
Product Development and Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical
Sciences R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, 43183 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Sonja Srdanović
- School
of
Chemistry, Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, West
Yorkshire LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Andrew J. Wilson
- School
of
Chemistry, Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, West
Yorkshire LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Lisa Wissler
- Discovery
Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, 43183 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Christian Ottmann
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Technische
Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew W. D. Perry
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, 43183 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Gavin O’Mahony
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and
Metabolism, Biopharmaceuticals R&D,
AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden
1, 43183 Mölndal, Sweden,
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2
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The Transcription Coregulator RIP140 Inhibits Cancer Cell Proliferation by Targeting the Pentose Phosphate Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137419. [PMID: 35806424 PMCID: PMC9267222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells switch their metabolism toward glucose metabolism to sustain their uncontrolled proliferation. Consequently, glycolytic intermediates are diverted into the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) to produce macromolecules necessary for cell growth. The transcription regulator RIP140 controls glucose metabolism in tumor cells, but its role in cancer-associated reprogramming of cell metabolism remains poorly understood. Here, we show that, in human breast cancer cells and mouse embryonic fibroblasts, RIP140 inhibits the expression of the gene-encoding G6PD, the first enzyme of the PPP. RIP140 deficiency increases G6PD activity as well as the level of NADPH, a reducing cofactor essential for macromolecule synthesis. Moreover, G6PD knock-down inhibits the gain of proliferation observed when RIP140 expression is reduced. Importantly, RIP140-deficient cells are more sensitive to G6PD inhibition in cell proliferation assays and tumor growth experiments. Altogether, this study describes a novel role for RIP140 in regulating G6PD levels, which links its effect on breast cancer cell proliferation to metabolic rewiring.
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3
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RIP140 inhibits glycolysis-dependent proliferation of breast cancer cells by regulating GLUT3 expression through transcriptional crosstalk between hypoxia induced factor and p53. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:270. [PMID: 35501580 PMCID: PMC9061696 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04277-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Glycolysis is essential to support cancer cell proliferation, even in the presence of oxygen. The transcriptional co-regulator RIP140 represses the activity of transcription factors that drive cell proliferation and metabolism and plays a role in mammary tumorigenesis. Here we use cell proliferation and metabolic assays to demonstrate that RIP140-deficiency causes a glycolysis-dependent increase in breast tumor growth. We further demonstrate that RIP140 reduces the transcription of the glucose transporter GLUT3 gene, by inhibiting the transcriptional activity of hypoxia inducible factor HIF-2α in cooperation with p53. Interestingly, RIP140 expression was significantly associated with good prognosis only for breast cancer patients with tumors expressing low GLUT3, low HIF-2α and high p53, thus confirming the mechanism of RIP140 anti-tumor activity provided by our experimental data. Overall, our work establishes RIP140 as a critical modulator of the p53/HIF cross-talk to inhibit breast cancer cell glycolysis and proliferation.
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4
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A Truncated NRIP1 Mutant Amplifies Microsatellite Instability of Colorectal Cancer by Regulating MSH2/MSH6 Expression, and Is a Prognostic Marker of Stage III Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174449. [PMID: 34503257 PMCID: PMC8430632 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The alteration of mismatch repair (MMR) genes leads to microsatellite instability and plays a key role in colorectal cancer (CRC) pathogenesis and prognosis. The transcription factor NRIP1 is involved in intestinal tumorigenesis and is a good prognostic marker in CRC. In this study, we demonstrate that NRIP1 induces MSH2 and MSH6 MMR gene transcription and reduces microsatellite instability. A dominant-negative truncated NRIP1 mutant amplifies the MMR-deficient phenotype and appears as a key player in MSI-driven tumorigenesis since it significantly correlates with a short overall survival of patients with advanced CRC, especially MLH1-deficient ones. Abstract Microsatellite instability (MSI) is related to the alteration of mismatch repair (MMR) genes and plays a key role in colorectal cancer (CRC) pathogenesis. We previously reported that the transcription factor Nuclear Receptor Interacting Protein 1 (NRIP1) is involved in sporadic intestinal tumorigenesis. The aim of this study was to decipher its role in MSI CRC. By using different mouse models and engineered cell lines, we demonstrated that NRIP1 increased MSH2 and MSH6 MMR gene transcription and mRNA/protein levels. In human CRC cells, NRIP1 expression was associated with decreased MSI and the hypermutator phenotype, and with resistance to chemotherapy drugs. Using a cohort of 194 CRC patients, we detected in 22% of the cases a MSI-induced frameshift mutation in the NRIP1 coding sequence. This genetic alteration generates a truncated protein with a dominant negative activity that increased human CRC cell proliferation and impaired the regulation of MSH2 and MSH6 gene expression. Moreover, the NRIP1 mutant correlated with a decreased overall survival of patients with advanced CRC, especially when MLH1-deficient. By decreasing the expression of MSH2 and MSH6 gene expression, the NRIP1 variant may amplify MLH1-dependent CRC progression and behave as a new prognostic marker of advanced MSI CRC.
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5
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Shen X, Bai X, Luo C, Jiang D, Li X, Zhang X, Tian Y, Huang Y. Quantitative proteomic analysis of chicken serum reveals key proteins affecting follicle development during reproductive phase transitions. Poult Sci 2020; 100:325-333. [PMID: 33357697 PMCID: PMC7772657 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian reproductive behavior is regulated through the neuroendocrine system. The transition from laying to brooding is strictly controlled by the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Cross talk on the HPG axis relies on the circulatory system, where the dynamics of serum proteins can be observed during different reproductive phases. Some canonical hormones, such as prolactin and luteinizing hormone, play important roles in the transition through reproductive phases. However, little is known at the whole-proteome level. To discover novel serum proteins, we employed isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification to assay the serum proteome during different reproductive phases in chicken. We identified a total of 1,235 proteins from chicken serum; 239 of these proteins showed differential expression between the laying and brooding stages, including a low concentration of steroid metabolism-related proteins and a high concentration of calcium signaling-related proteins (fold change ≥1.5 or ≤0.66; P < 0.05). Pathway analysis and protein–protein interaction networks predicated the difference in follicle development between the brooding stage and laying stages and were related to the 14-3-3 protein family, which is associated with oocyte meiosis and maturation. Together, these results provided a proteomics foundation for investigating the dynamic changes taking place in the circulatory system during reproductive phase transition, and also uncovered new insights regarding follicle development that underlie the avian reproductive cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Shen
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chenlong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Danli Jiang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Xiujin Li
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Xumeng Zhang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Yunbo Tian
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Yunmao Huang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China.
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6
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Naderi A. SRARP and HSPB7 are epigenetically regulated gene pairs that function as tumor suppressors and predict clinical outcome in malignancies. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:724-755. [PMID: 29577611 PMCID: PMC5928383 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Deletions of chromosome 1p36 are common in cancers; however, despite extensive studies, there has been limited success for discovering candidate tumor suppressors in this region. SRARP has recently been identified as a novel corepressor of the androgen receptor (AR) and is located on chromosome 1p36. Here, bioinformatics analysis of large tumor datasets was performed to study SRARP and its gene pair, HSPB7. In addition, using cancer cell lines, mechanisms of SRARP and HSPB7 regulation and their molecular functions were investigated. This study demonstrated that SRARP and HSPB7 are a gene pair located 5.2 kb apart on 1p36.13 and are inactivated by deletions and epigenetic silencing in malignancies. Importantly, SRARP and HSPB7 have tumor suppressor functions in clonogenicity and cell viability associated with the downregulation of Akt and ERK. SRARP expression is inversely correlated with genes that promote cell proliferation and signal transduction, which supports its functions as a tumor suppressor. In addition, AR exerts dual regulatory effects on SRARP, and although an increased AR activity suppresses SRARP transcription, a minimum level of AR activity is required to maintain baseline SRARP expression in AR+ cancer cells. Furthermore, as observed with SRARP, HSPB7 interacts with the 14-3-3 protein, presenting a shared molecular feature between SRARP and HSPB7. Of note, genome- and epigenome-wide associations of SRARP and HSPB7 with survival strongly support their tumor suppressor functions. In particular, DNA hypermethylation, lower expression, somatic mutations, and lower copy numbers of SRARP are associated with worse cancer outcome. Moreover, DNA hypermethylation and lower expression of SRARP in normal adjacent tissues predict poor survival, suggesting that SRARP inactivation is an early event in carcinogenesis. In summary, SRARP and HSPB7 are tumor suppressors that are commonly inactivated in malignancies. SRARP inactivation is an early event in carcinogenesis that is strongly associated with worse survival, presenting potential translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Naderi
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
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7
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Naderi A. C1orf64 is a novel androgen receptor target gene and coregulator that interacts with 14-3-3 protein in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:57907-57933. [PMID: 28915724 PMCID: PMC5593696 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the network of genes that are co-expressed with androgen receptor (AR) to discover novel AR targets in breast cancer. Bioinformatics analysis of two datasets from breast cancer cell lines resulted in the identification of an AR-gene signature constituted of 98 genes that highly correlated with AR expression. Notably, C1orf64 showed the highest positive correlation with AR across the datasets with a correlation coefficient (CC) of 0.737. In addition, C1orf64 closely correlated with AR expression in primary and metastatic breast tumors and C1orf64 expression was relatively higher in breast tumors with a lower grade and lobular histology. Furthermore, there is a functional interplay between AR and C1orf64 in breast cancer. In this process, AR activation directly represses C1orf64 transcription and C1orf64, in turn, interacts with AR as a corepressor and negatively regulates the AR-mediated induction of prolactin-induced protein (PIP) and AR reporter activity. Moreover, the corepressor effect of C1orf64 results in a reduction of AR binding to PIP promoter. The other aspect of this interplay involves a cross-talk between AR and estrogen receptor (ER) signaling in which C1orf64 silencing intensifies the AR-mediated down-regulation of ER target gene, progesterone receptor. Therefore, the repression of C1orf64 by AR provides an underlying mechanism for the AR inhibitory effects on ER signaling. To elucidate the biochemical mechanisms of C1orf64 function, this study demonstrates that C1orf64 is a phosphothreonine protein that interacts with the chaperone protein 14-3-3. In summary, C1orf64 is a novel AR coregulator and a 14-3-3 binding partner in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Naderi
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Cancer Biology Program, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA
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8
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The Interactome of the Glucocorticoid Receptor and Its Influence on the Actions of Glucocorticoids in Combatting Inflammatory and Infectious Diseases. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2016; 80:495-522. [PMID: 27169854 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00064-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) have been widely used for decades as a first-line treatment for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. However, their use is often hampered by the onset of adverse effects or resistance. GCs mediate their effects via binding to glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a transcription factor belonging to the family of nuclear receptors. An important aspect of GR's actions, including its anti-inflammatory capacity, involves its interactions with various proteins, such as transcription factors, cofactors, and modifying enzymes, which codetermine receptor functionality. In this review, we provide a state-of-the-art overview of the protein-protein interactions (PPIs) of GR that positively or negatively affect its anti-inflammatory properties, along with mechanistic insights, if known. Emphasis is placed on the interactions that affect its anti-inflammatory effects in the presence of inflammatory and microbial diseases.
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9
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Lee II, Maniar K, Lydon JP, Kim JJ. Akt regulates progesterone receptor B-dependent transcription and angiogenesis in endometrial cancer cells. Oncogene 2016; 35:5191-201. [PMID: 26996671 PMCID: PMC5031502 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Progestins have long been used clinically for the treatment of endometrial cancers, however, the response rates to progestin therapy vary and the molecular mechanisms behind progestin insensitivity are poorly understood. We hypothesized that in PTEN mutated endometrial cancers, hyperactive Akt signaling downregulates Progesterone Receptor B (PRB) transcriptional activity, leading to overall impaired progestin responses. We report that inhibition of Akt with the Akt inhibitor, MK-2206 (MK), in conjunction with progestin (R5020) treatment, is sufficient to upregulate a subset of PRB target genes in Ishikawa cells stably expressing PRB (PRB-Ishikawa). Through gene ontology analysis of Akt-regulated PRB target genes, angiogenesis was found to be the principle process regulated by Akt-PRB. To further interrogate the mechanism by which Akt modulates PRB transcriptional activity, ChIP-Mass Spectrometry was performed to identify potential cofactors that differentially interact with PRB in the presence of the R5020 and MK+R5020. 14-3-3σ was identified as a protein enriched in the MK+R5020 dataset, and it was demonstrated that 14-3-3σ is required for the upregulation in PRB target gene expression following inhibition of Akt. In order to determine the ramifications of MK+R5020 treatment on angiogenesis, in vitro assays were performed and combinatorial MK+R5020 treatment significantly decreased endothelial cell invasion and tube formation more than MK or R5020 treatment alone. Furthermore, we found that combinatorial MK-2206+Progesterone treatments decreased angiogenesis and proliferation in the Ptend/d conditional mouse model of endometrial cancer. Taken together, these findings suggest that a combinatorial therapeutic approach utilizing Akt inhibitors with progestins may improve the efficacy of progestin therapy for the treatment of endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- I I Lee
- Division of Reproductive Science in Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - K Maniar
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - J P Lydon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J J Kim
- Division of Reproductive Science in Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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10
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Lapierre M, Bonnet S, Bascoul-Mollevi C, Ait-Arsa I, Jalaguier S, Del Rio M, Plateroti M, Roepman P, Ychou M, Pannequin J, Hollande F, Parker M, Cavailles V. RIP140 increases APC expression and controls intestinal homeostasis and tumorigenesis. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:1899-913. [PMID: 24667635 DOI: 10.1172/jci65178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of the Wnt/APC/β-catenin signaling pathway is an important consequence of tumor suppressor APC dysfunction. Genetic and molecular data have established that disruption of this pathway contributes to the development of colorectal cancer. Here, we demonstrate that the transcriptional coregulator RIP140 regulates intestinal homeostasis and tumorigenesis. Using Rip140-null mice and mice overexpressing human RIP140, we found that RIP140 inhibited intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis. Interestingly, following whole-body irradiation, mice lacking RIP140 exhibited improved regenerative capacity in the intestine, while mice overexpressing RIP140 displayed reduced recovery. Enhanced RIP140 expression strongly repressed human colon cancer cell proliferation in vitro and after grafting onto nude mice. Moreover, in murine tissues and human cancer cells, RIP140 stimulated APC transcription and inhibited β-catenin activation and target gene expression. Finally, RIP140 mRNA and RIP140 protein levels were decreased in human colon cancers compared with those in normal mucosal tissue, and low levels of RIP140 expression in adenocarcinomas from patients correlated with poor prognosis. Together, these results support a tumor suppressor role for RIP140 in colon cancer.
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11
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Abstract
The Mediator complex is a multi-subunit assembly that appears to be required for regulating expression of most RNA polymerase II (pol II) transcripts, which include protein-coding and most non-coding RNA genes. Mediator and pol II function within the pre-initiation complex (PIC), which consists of Mediator, pol II, TFIIA, TFIIB, TFIID, TFIIE, TFIIF and TFIIH and is approximately 4.0 MDa in size. Mediator serves as a central scaffold within the PIC and helps regulate pol II activity in ways that remain poorly understood. Mediator is also generally targeted by sequence-specific, DNA-binding transcription factors (TFs) that work to control gene expression programs in response to developmental or environmental cues. At a basic level, Mediator functions by relaying signals from TFs directly to the pol II enzyme, thereby facilitating TF-dependent regulation of gene expression. Thus, Mediator is essential for converting biological inputs (communicated by TFs) to physiological responses (via changes in gene expression). In this review, we summarize an expansive body of research on the Mediator complex, with an emphasis on yeast and mammalian complexes. We focus on the basics that underlie Mediator function, such as its structure and subunit composition, and describe its broad regulatory influence on gene expression, ranging from chromatin architecture to transcription initiation and elongation, to mRNA processing. We also describe factors that influence Mediator structure and activity, including TFs, non-coding RNAs and the CDK8 module.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary C Poss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado , Boulder, CO , USA
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12
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Luman/CREB3 recruitment factor regulates glucocorticoid receptor activity and is essential for prolactin-mediated maternal instinct. Mol Cell Biol 2012; 32:5140-50. [PMID: 23071095 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01142-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is a major part of the neuroendocrine system in animal responses to stress. It is known that the HPA axis is attenuated at parturition to prevent detrimental effects of glucocorticoid secretion including inhibition of lactation and maternal responsiveness. Luman/CREB3 recruitment factor (LRF) was identified as a negative regulator of CREB3 which is involved in the endoplasmic reticulum stress response. Here, we report a LRF gene knockout mouse line that has a severe maternal behavioral defect. LRF(-/-) females lacked the instinct to tend pups; 80% of their litters died within 24 h, while most pups survived if cross-fostered. Prolactin levels were significantly repressed in lactating LRF(-/-) dams, with glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling markedly augmented. In cell culture, LRF repressed transcriptional activity of GR and promoted its protein degradation. LRF was found to colocalize with the known GR repressor, RIP140/NRIP1, which inhibits the activity by GR within specific nuclear punctates that are similar to LRF nuclear bodies. Furthermore, administration of prolactin or the GR antagonist RU486 restored maternal responses in mutant females. We thus postulate that LRF plays a critical role in the attenuation of the HPA axis through repression of glucocorticoid stress signaling during parturition and the postpartum period.
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13
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Docquier A, Harmand PO, Fritsch S, Chanrion M, Darbon JM, Cavaillès V. The transcriptional coregulator RIP140 represses E2F1 activity and discriminates breast cancer subtypes. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:2959-70. [PMID: 20410059 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-3153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Receptor-interacting protein of 140 kDa (RIP140) is a transcriptional cofactor for nuclear receptors involved in reproduction and energy homeostasis. Our aim was to investigate its role in the regulation of E2F1 activity and target genes both in breast cancer cell lines and in tumor biopsies. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays, coimmunoprecipitation experiments, and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis were used to evidence interaction between RIP140 and E2F1. The effects of RIP140 expression on E2F1 activity were determined using transient transfection and quantification of E2F target mRNAs by quantitative real-time PCR. The effect on cell cycle was assessed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis on cells overexpressing green fluorescent protein-tagged RIP140. A tumor microarray data set was used to investigate the expression of RIP140 and E2F1 target genes in 170 breast cancer patients. RESULTS We first evidenced the complex interaction between RIP140 and E2F1 and showed that RIP140 represses E2F1 transactivation on various transiently transfected E2F target promoters and inhibits the expression of several E2F1 target genes (such as CCNE1 and CCNB2). In agreement with a role for RIP140 in the control of E2F activity, we show that increasing RIP140 levels results in a reduction in the proportion of cells in S phase in various human cell lines. Finally, analysis of human breast cancers shows that low RIP140 mRNA expression was associated with high E2F1 target gene levels and basal-like tumors. CONCLUSION This study shows that RIP140 is a regulator of the E2F pathway, which discriminates luminal- and basal-like tumors, emphasizing the importance of these regulations for a clinical cancer phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Docquier
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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14
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Titus MA, Tan JA, Gregory CW, Ford OH, Subramanian RR, Fu H, Wilson EM, Mohler JL, French FS. 14-3-3{eta} Amplifies Androgen Receptor Actions in Prostate Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:7571-7581. [PMID: 19996220 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-1976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE: Androgen receptor abundance and androgen receptor-regulated gene expression in castration-recurrent prostate cancer are indicative of androgen receptor activation in the absence of testicular androgen. Androgen receptor transactivation of target genes in castration-recurrent prostate cancer occurs in part through mitogen signaling that amplifies the actions of androgen receptor and its coregulators. Herein we report on the role of 14-3-3eta in androgen receptor action. Experimental Design and RESULTS: Androgen receptor and 14-3-3eta colocalized in COS cell nuclei with and without androgen, and 14-3-3eta promoted androgen receptor nuclear localization in the absence of androgen. 14-3-3eta interacted with androgen receptor in cell-free binding and coimmunoprecipitation assays. In the recurrent human prostate cancer cell line, CWR-R1, native endogenous androgen receptor transcriptional activation was stimulated by 14-3-3eta at low dihydrotestosterone concentrations and was increased by epidermal growth factor. Moreover, the dihydrotestosterone- and epidermal growth factor-dependent increase in androgen receptor transactivation was inhibited by a dominant negative 14-3-3eta. In the CWR22 prostate cancer xenograft model, 14-3-3eta expression was increased by androgen, suggesting a feed-forward mechanism that potentiates both 14-3-3eta and androgen receptor actions. 14-3-3eta mRNA and protein decreased following castration of tumor-bearing mice and increased in tumors of castrate mice after treatment with testosterone. CWR22 tumors that recurred 5 months after castration contained 14-3-3eta levels similar to the androgen-stimulated tumors removed before castration. In a human prostate tissue microarray of clinical specimens, 14-3-3eta localized with androgen receptor in nuclei, and the similar amounts expressed in castration-recurrent prostate cancer, androgen-stimulated prostate cancer, and benign prostatic hyperplasia were consistent with androgen receptor activation in recurrent prostate cancer. CONCLUSION: 14-3-3eta enhances androgen- and mitogen-induced androgen receptor transcriptional activity in castration-recurrent prostate cancer. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(24):7571-81).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Titus
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Pediatrics (Laboratories for Reproductive Biology), Surgery (Division of Urology) and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Urologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, and Department of Urology, University at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biotechnology, Buffalo, New York; and Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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15
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Gupta P, Ho PC, Huq MDM, Khan AA, Tsai NP, Wei LN. PKCepsilon stimulated arginine methylation of RIP140 for its nuclear-cytoplasmic export in adipocyte differentiation. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2658. [PMID: 18628823 PMCID: PMC2440817 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2008] [Accepted: 06/02/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Receptor interacting protein 140 (RIP140) is a versatile transcriptional co-repressor that plays roles in diverse metabolic processes including fat accumulation in adipocytes. Previously we identified three methylated arginine residues in RIP140, which rendered its export to the cytoplasm; but it was unclear what triggered RIP140 arginine methylation. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, we determined the activated PKCε as the specific trigger for RIP140 arginine methylation and its subsequent export. We identified two PKCε–phosphorylated residues of RIP140, Ser-102 and Ser-1003, which synergistically stimulated direct binding of RIP140 by 14-3-3 that recruited protein arginine methyl transferase 1 to methylate RIP140. The methylated RIP140 then preferentially recruited exportin 1 for nuclear export. As a result, the nuclear gene-repressive activity of RIP140 was reduced. In RIP140 null adipocyte cultures, the defect in fat accumulation was effectively rescued by the phosphoylation-deficient mutant RIP140 that resided predominantly in the nucleus, but less so by the phospho-mimetic RIP140 that was exported to the cytoplasm. Conclusions/Significance This study uncovers a novel means, via a cascade of protein modifications, to inactivate, or suppress, the nuclear action of an important transcription coregulator RIP140, and delineates the first specific phosphorylation-arginine methylation cascade that could alter protein subcellular distribution and biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ping-Chih Ho
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - M. D. Mostaqul Huq
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Amjad Ali Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Nien-Pei Tsai
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Li-Na Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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16
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A novel protein, Luman/CREB3 recruitment factor, inhibits Luman activation of the unfolded protein response. Mol Cell Biol 2008; 28:3952-66. [PMID: 18391022 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01439-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Luman/CREB3 (also called LZIP) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-bound cellular transcription factor. It has been implicated in the mammalian unfolded protein response (UPR), as well as herpes simplex virus reactivation from latency in sensory neurons. Here, we report the identification of a novel Luman recruitment factor (LRF). Like Luman, LRF is a UPR-responsive basic-region leucine zipper protein that is prone to proteasomal degradation. Being a highly unstable protein, LRF interacts with Luman through the leucine zipper region and promotes Luman degradation. LRF was found to recruit the nuclear form of Luman to discrete nuclear foci, which overlap with the nuclear receptor coactivator GRIP1 bodies, and repress the transactivation activity of Luman. Compared to LRF+/+ mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells, the levels of CHOP, EDEM, and Herp were elevated in LRF-/- MEF cells. We propose that LRF is a negative regulator of the UPR. For Luman, it may represent another level of regulation following Luman proteolytic cleavage on the ER and nuclear translocation. In addition to inducing rapid Luman turnover, LRF may repress the transactivation potential of Luman by sequestering it in the LRF nuclear bodies away from key cofactors (such as HCF-1) that are required for transcriptional activation.
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17
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Jakobsson T, Osman W, Gustafsson JÅ, Zilliacus J, Wärnmark A. Molecular basis for repression of liver X receptor-mediated gene transcription by receptor-interacting protein 140. Biochem J 2007; 405:31-9. [PMID: 17391100 PMCID: PMC1925237 DOI: 10.1042/bj20070004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Similarities in physiological roles of LXR (liver X receptors) and co-repressor RIP140 (receptor-interacting protein 140) in regulating energy homoeostasis and lipid and glucose metabolism suggest that the effects of LXR could at least partly be mediated by recruitment of the co-repressor RIP140. In the present study, we have elucidated the molecular basis for regulation of LXR transcriptional activity by RIP140. LXR is evenly localized in the nucleus and neither the N-terminal domain nor the LBD (ligand-binding domain) is necessary for nuclear localization. Both LXR subtypes, LXRalpha and LXRbeta, interact with RIP140 and co-localize in diffuse large nuclear domains. Interaction and co-localization are dependent on the LBD of the receptor. The C-terminal domain of RIP140 is sufficient for full repressive effect. None of the C-terminal NR (nuclear receptor)-boxes is required for the co-repressor activity, whereas the NR-box-like motif as well as additional elements in the C-terminal region are required for full repressive function. The C-terminal NR-box-like motif is necessary for interaction with LXRbeta, whereas additional elements are needed for strong interaction with LXRalpha. In conclusion, our results suggest that co-repression of LXR activity by RIP140 involves an atypical binding mode of RIP140 and a repression element in the RIP140 C-terminus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Jakobsson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Waffa Osman
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jan-Åke Gustafsson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Johanna Zilliacus
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Anette Wärnmark
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
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18
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Quayle SN, Sadar MD. 14-3-3 sigma increases the transcriptional activity of the androgen receptor in the absence of androgens. Cancer Lett 2007; 254:137-45. [PMID: 17433535 PMCID: PMC2040346 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2007.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2006] [Revised: 03/14/2007] [Accepted: 03/05/2007] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that regulates numerous target genes, including prostate-specific antigen (PSA). We examined the ability of each member of the 14-3-3 family to modulate transcription of PSA through the AR. Despite significant homology within the 14-3-3 family we observed differences in the ability of each isoform to alter the transcriptional activity of the AR. Significantly, 14-3-3 sigma activated PSA-luciferase reporters not only at castrate levels of androgens, but also in the complete absence of androgens. 14-3-3 sigma also increased expression of the endogenous PSA gene in the absence of androgens. Knockdown of the AR by siRNA oligonucleotides abolished activation of these reporters by 14-3-3 sigma. These findings may have greatest significance in hormone refractory prostate cancer where the AR may be activated in a ligand-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven N Quayle
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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19
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Li C, Wu RC, Amazit L, Tsai SY, Tsai MJ, O'Malley BW. Specific amino acid residues in the basic helix-loop-helix domain of SRC-3 are essential for its nuclear localization and proteasome-dependent turnover. Mol Cell Biol 2007; 27:1296-308. [PMID: 17158932 PMCID: PMC1800725 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00336-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2006] [Revised: 04/26/2006] [Accepted: 11/22/2006] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SRC-3/AIB1/ACTR/pCIP/RAC3/TRAM-1 is a primary transcriptional coactivator for the estrogen receptor. Here we report that deletion of the SRC-3 basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain blocks its proteasome-dependent turnover. We further identified two residues (K17 and R18) in the SRC-3 bHLH domain that are essential for its stability. Moreover, we found that the bHLH domain contains a bipartite nuclear localization signal (NLS). SRC-3 NLS mutants block its translocation into the nucleus, and this correlates with its insensitivity to proteasome-dependent turnover. SRC-3 shows a time-dependent decay in the presence of cycloheximide which is not apparent for the cytoplasmic mutant. Fusion of a simian virus 40 T antigen NLS to the cytoplasmic localized SRC-3 mutant drives it back into the nucleus and restores its proteasomal sensitivity. In addition, the cytoplasmic mutants are inactive for transcriptional coactivation and cancer cell growth. Taken together, our data indicate that proteasome-dependent turnover of SRC-3 occurs in the nucleus and that two amino acid residues in the bHLH domain provide a signal for its nuclear localization and proteasome-dependent degradation as well as for regulation of SRC-3 transcriptional coactivator capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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20
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Augereau P, Badia E, Carascossa S, Castet A, Fritsch S, Harmand PO, Jalaguier S, Cavaillès V. The nuclear receptor transcriptional coregulator RIP140. NUCLEAR RECEPTOR SIGNALING 2006; 4:e024. [PMID: 17088940 PMCID: PMC1630689 DOI: 10.1621/nrs.04024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2006] [Accepted: 10/17/2006] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear receptor superfamily comprises ligand-regulated transcription factors that control various developmental and physiological pathways. These receptors share a common modular structure and regulate gene expression through the recruitment of a large set of coregulatory proteins. These transcription cofactors regulate, either positively or negatively, chromatin structure and transcription initiation. One of the first proteins to be identified as a hormone-recruited cofactor was RIP140. Despite its recruitment by agonist-liganded receptors, RIP140 exhibits a strong transcriptional repressive activity which involves several inhibitory domains and different effectors. Interestingly, the RIP140 gene, located on chromosome 21 in humans, is finely regulated at the transcriptional level by various nuclear receptors. In addition, the protein undergoes several post-translational modifications which control its repressive activity. Finally, experiments performed in mice devoid of the RIP140 gene indicate that this transcriptional cofactor is essential for female fertility and energy homeostasis. RIP140 therefore appears to be an important modulator of nuclear receptor activity which could play major roles in physiological processes and hormone-dependent diseases.
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21
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Carascossa S, Gobinet J, Georget V, Lucas A, Badia E, Castet A, White R, Nicolas JC, Cavaillès V, Jalaguier SS. Receptor-interacting protein 140 is a repressor of the androgen receptor activity. Mol Endocrinol 2006; 20:1506-18. [PMID: 16527872 PMCID: PMC2246011 DOI: 10.1210/me.2005-0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that controls growth and survival of prostate cancer cells. In the present study, we investigated the regulation of AR activity by the receptor-interacting protein 140 (RIP140). We first showed that RIP140 could be coimmunoprecipitated with the receptor when coexpressed in 293T cells. This interaction appeared physiologically relevant because chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that, under R1881 treatment, RIP140 could be recruited to the prostate-specific antigen encoding gene in LNCaP cells. In vitro glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays provided evidence that the carboxy-terminal domain of AR could interact with different regions of RIP140. By means of fluorescent proteins, we demonstrated that ligand-activated AR was not only able to translocate to the nucleus but also to relocate RIP140 from very structured nuclear foci to a diffuse pattern. Overexpression of RIP140 strongly repressed AR-dependent transactivation by preferentially targeting the ligand binding domain-dependent activity. Moreover, disruption of RIP140 expression induced AR overactivation, thus revealing RIP140 as a strong AR repressor. We analyzed its mechanism of transrepression and first demonstrated that different regions of RIP140 could mediate AR-dependent repression. We then showed that the carboxy-terminal end of RIP140 could reverse transcriptional intermediary factor 2-dependent overactivation of AR. The use of mutants of RIP140 allowed us to suggest that C-terminal binding protein played no role in RIP140-dependent inhibition of AR activity, whereas histone deacetylases partly regulated that transrepression. Finally, we provided evidence for a stimulation of RIP140 mRNA expression in LNCaP cells under androgen treatment, further emphasizing the role of RIP140 in androgen signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Carascossa
- Endocrinologie moléculaire et cellulaire des cancers
INSERM : U540Université Montpellier I60 rue de Navacelles
34090 Montpellier,FR
| | - Jérôme Gobinet
- Endocrinologie moléculaire et cellulaire des cancers
INSERM : U540Université Montpellier I60 rue de Navacelles
34090 Montpellier,FR
| | - Virginie Georget
- Institut Biologie Intégrative
Institut Biologie intégrative7 quai Saint-Bernard 75252 Paris Cedex 05,FR
| | - Annick Lucas
- Endocrinologie moléculaire et cellulaire des cancers
INSERM : U540Université Montpellier I60 rue de Navacelles
34090 Montpellier,FR
| | - Eric Badia
- Endocrinologie moléculaire et cellulaire des cancers
INSERM : U540Université Montpellier I60 rue de Navacelles
34090 Montpellier,FR
| | - Audrey Castet
- Endocrinologie moléculaire et cellulaire des cancers
INSERM : U540Université Montpellier I60 rue de Navacelles
34090 Montpellier,FR
| | - Roger White
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental
Imperial College LondonDu Cane Road, London W12 0NN,GB
| | - Jean-Claude Nicolas
- Endocrinologie moléculaire et cellulaire des cancers
INSERM : U540Université Montpellier I60 rue de Navacelles
34090 Montpellier,FR
| | - Vincent Cavaillès
- Endocrinologie moléculaire et cellulaire des cancers
INSERM : U540Université Montpellier I60 rue de Navacelles
34090 Montpellier,FR
| | - Stéphan Sj Jalaguier
- Endocrinologie moléculaire et cellulaire des cancers
INSERM : U540Université Montpellier I60 rue de Navacelles
34090 Montpellier,FR
- * Correspondence should be adressed to: Stéphan Sj Jalaguier
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22
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Caballero V, Ruiz R, Sainz JA, Cruz M, López-Nevot MA, Galán JJ, Real LM, de Castro F, López-Villaverde V, Ruiz A. Preliminary molecular genetic analysis of the Receptor Interacting Protein 140 (RIP140) in women affected by endometriosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 2:11. [PMID: 16131398 PMCID: PMC1242355 DOI: 10.1186/1743-1050-2-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2005] [Accepted: 08/30/2005] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Endometriosis is a complex disease affecting 10–15% of women at reproductive age. Very few genes are known to be altered in this pathology. RIP140 protein is an important cofactor of oestrogen receptor and many other nuclear receptors. Targeting disruption experiments of nrip1 gene in mice have demonstrated that nuclear receptor interacting protein 1 gene (nrip1), the gene encoding for rip140 protein, is essential for female fertility. Specifically, mice null for nrip1 gene are viable, but females are infertile because of complete failure of mature follicles to release oocytes at ovulation stage. The ovarian phenotype observed in mice devoid of rip140 closely resembles the luteinized unruptured follicle (LUF) syndrome that is observed in a high proportion of women affected of endometriosis or idiopathic infertility. Here we present a preliminary work that analyses the role of NRIP1 gene in humans. Methods We have sequenced the complete coding region of NRIP1 gene in 20 unrelated patients affected by endometriosis. We have performed genetic association studies by using the DNA variants identified during the sequencing process. Results We identified six DNA variants within the coding sequence of NRIP1 gene, and five of them generated amino acid changes in the protein. We observed that three of twenty sequenced patients have specific combinations of amino-acid variants within the RIP140 protein that are poorly represented in the control population (p = 0.006). Moreover, we found that Arg448Gly, a common polymorphism located within NRIP1 gene, is associated with endometriosis in a case-control study (59 cases and 141 controls, pallele positivity test = 0.027). Conclusion Our results suggest that NRIP1 gene variants, separately or in combinations, might act as predisposing factors for human endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Caballero
- Unidad de Reproducción. Servicio de Obstetricia y Ginecología. Hospital de Valme, Ctra. Cádiz, s/n 41014 Seville, Spain
| | - Rocío Ruiz
- Department of Structural Genomics. neoCodex. Averroes N°8. Edf. Acrópolis 110-1. 41020 Seville, Spain
| | - José Antonio Sainz
- Unidad de Reproducción. Servicio de Obstetricia y Ginecología. Hospital de Valme, Ctra. Cádiz, s/n 41014 Seville, Spain
| | - Marina Cruz
- Unidad de Reproducción. Servicio de Obstetricia y Ginecología. Hospital de Valme, Ctra. Cádiz, s/n 41014 Seville, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel López-Nevot
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos. Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves. Avda. Fuerzas Armadas, 2 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - José Jorge Galán
- Department of Structural Genomics. neoCodex. Averroes N°8. Edf. Acrópolis 110-1. 41020 Seville, Spain
| | - Luis Miguel Real
- Department of Structural Genomics. neoCodex. Averroes N°8. Edf. Acrópolis 110-1. 41020 Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco de Castro
- Unidad de Reproducción Humana Asistida. Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias. Ctra. Alcalá-Meco s/n. 28805 Madrid. Spain
| | - Vicente López-Villaverde
- Unidad de Reproducción. Servicio de Obstetricia y Ginecología. Hospital de Valme, Ctra. Cádiz, s/n 41014 Seville, Spain
| | - Agustín Ruiz
- Department of Structural Genomics. neoCodex. Averroes N°8. Edf. Acrópolis 110-1. 41020 Seville, Spain
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23
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Mackintosh C. Dynamic interactions between 14-3-3 proteins and phosphoproteins regulate diverse cellular processes. Biochem J 2004; 381:329-42. [PMID: 15167810 PMCID: PMC1133837 DOI: 10.1042/bj20031332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 440] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2003] [Revised: 04/14/2004] [Accepted: 05/28/2004] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
14-3-3 proteins exert an extraordinarily widespread influence on cellular processes in all eukaryotes. They operate by binding to specific phosphorylated sites on diverse target proteins, thereby forcing conformational changes or influencing interactions between their targets and other molecules. In these ways, 14-3-3s 'finish the job' when phosphorylation alone lacks the power to drive changes in the activities of intracellular proteins. By interacting dynamically with phosphorylated proteins, 14-3-3s often trigger events that promote cell survival--in situations from preventing metabolic imbalances caused by sudden darkness in leaves to mammalian cell-survival responses to growth factors. Recent work linking specific 14-3-3 isoforms to genetic disorders and cancers, and the cellular effects of 14-3-3 agonists and antagonists, indicate that the cellular complement of 14-3-3 proteins may integrate the specificity and strength of signalling through to different cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Mackintosh
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK.
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24
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Huang D, Liu X, Plymate SR, Idowu M, Grimes M, Best AM, McKinney JL, Ware JL. Proteomic identification of 14-3-3 sigma as a common component of the androgen receptor and the epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathways of the human prostate epithelial cell line M12. Oncogene 2004; 23:6881-9. [PMID: 15300238 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1207788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor and androgen receptor (AR) both play major roles in the control of prostate growth. Our hypothesis is that shared downstream components of these two signaling pathways are significant participants in androgen-independent growth. Our first objective was to identify proteins whose activation and/or expression in AR-positive prostate epithelial cells are induced by both epidermal growth factor (EGF) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). AR expression was induced in a tumorigenic, metastatic subline of the SV40 large T-antigen immortalized human prostate epithelial subline M12 by stable transfection with human wild-type AR cDNA. These M12AR (+) cells with functional AR were treated in parallel with EGF (10 ng/ml) or DHT (10(-8) M) for 24 h before 2D gel electrophoresis and Western immunoblotting with antiphosphotyrosine monoclonal antibody. Coomassie blue-stained spots on a 2D gel run in parallel were aligned with the phosphoproteins on the Western immunoblot, and identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time-of-flight mass spectroscopy. The most interesting of the seven proteins that appeared to be phosphorylated by these criteria was 14-3-3 protein sigma. Protein extracted after either EGF or DHT treatment, immunoprecipitated with antiphosphotyrosine monoclonal antibody, and immunoblotted by anti-14-3-3 sigma confirmed phosphorylation of 14-3-3 sigma. Addition of either DHT or EGF to the M12AR(+) cells induced subcellular migration of 14-3-3 sigma and activated a 14-3-3 sigma reporter construct. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed nuclear localization of 14-3-3 sigma in higher Gleason grade prostate cancers relative to benign glands. These findings implicate 14-3-3 sigma in the development of human prostate cancer cells and could provide a new target for intervention in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Huang
- Department of Pathology, Medical Center of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-5008, USA
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25
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Castet A, Boulahtouf A, Versini G, Bonnet S, Augereau P, Vignon F, Khochbin S, Jalaguier S, Cavaillès V. Multiple domains of the Receptor-Interacting Protein 140 contribute to transcription inhibition. Nucleic Acids Res 2004; 32:1957-66. [PMID: 15060175 PMCID: PMC390375 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkh524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we have investigated the role of C-terminal binding proteins (CtBPs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) in the repressive activity of the nuclear receptor cofactor Receptor-Interacting Protein 140 (RIP140). We have defined the interaction of both CtBP1 and CtBP2 with RIP140 and delineated two motifs (PIDLS and PINLS) differentially required for in vitro interaction. Using different approaches (titration of endogenous CtBPs, mutagenesis and transfection in CtBP knock-out cells), we find that recruitment of CtBPs only partially explains the negative regulation exerted by RIP140. We then demonstrate that RIP140 associates in vitro not only with class I HDACs but also with class II enzymes such as HDAC5. This interaction mainly involves the N-terminus of RIP140 (residues 27-199) and two domains of HDAC5. Moreover, the two proteins functionally interfere in transfection experiments, and confocal microscopy indicates that they co-localize in the nucleus. Interestingly, using the specific HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A, we show that HDAC activity is dispensable for active transrepression by RIP140. Finally, we demonstrate that the C-terminal region of RIP140 contains two additional silencing domains and confers strong active transrepression independently of HDAC activity and CtBPs. Altogether, these data indicate that transcriptional inhibition by the cofactor RIP140 involves complex mechanisms relying on multiple domains and partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Castet
- INSERM U540, Endocrinologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Cancers and Université de Montpellier I, 60 rue de Navacelles, 34090 Montpellier, France
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26
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Tazawa H, Osman W, Shoji Y, Treuter E, Gustafsson JA, Zilliacus J. Regulation of subnuclear localization is associated with a mechanism for nuclear receptor corepression by RIP140. Mol Cell Biol 2003; 23:4187-98. [PMID: 12773562 PMCID: PMC156128 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.23.12.4187-4198.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2002] [Revised: 10/23/2002] [Accepted: 03/31/2003] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of gene transcription by nuclear receptors involves association with numerous coregulators. Receptor-interacting protein 140 (RIP140) is a corepressor that negatively regulates the ligand-induced activity of several nuclear receptors, including the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). In the present study, we have characterized the role of the intranuclear localization of RIP140 in its corepressor activity. In the absence of ligand-activated GR, RIP140 is localized in small nuclear foci targeted by a 40-amino-acid-long sequence. Although the focus-targeting domain overlaps with a binding sequence for the corepressor CtBP (C-terminal binding protein), interaction with CtBP is not involved in the localization. RIP140 foci do not correspond to PML bodies but partly colocalize with domains harboring the corepressor SMRT. Upon ligand binding, GR and RIP140 are redistributed to large nuclear domains distinct from the RIP140 foci. The redistribution requires regions of RIP140 with corepressor activity, as well as the DNA-binding domain of GR. Furthermore, we show that full RIP140 corepressor activity is contributed both by C-terminal receptor-binding LXXLL motifs and interaction with the CtBP corepressor. In conclusion, our results suggest that the corepressor function of RIP140 is multifaceted and involves binding to nuclear receptors, as well as additional functions mediated by the formation and intranuclear relocalization of a repressive protein complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tazawa
- Departments of Medical Nutrition. Biosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, S-141 86 Huddinge, Sweden
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Activation of Bcl-2-associated death protein and counter-response of Akt within cell populations during seizure-induced neuronal death. J Neurosci 2002. [PMID: 12351720 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.22-19-08458.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bcl-2 family gene products are critical to the integration of cell death stimuli that target the mitochondrion. Proapoptotic BAD (Bcl-2-associated death protein) has been shown to dissociate from its sequestered site with the molecular chaperone protein 14-3-3 and displace proapoptotic BAX (Bcl-2-associated X protein) from antiapoptotic BCL-Xl. BAX subsequently translocates to the mitochondrion and induces cytochrome c release and caspase activation. Herein we report the response of the key members of this proposed pathway after seizures. Seizures evoked by microinjection of kainic acid into the amygdala of the rat induced unilateral CA3 pyramidal neuron death with features of apoptosis. In control hippocampus and cortex, BAD was found constitutively bound to 14-3-3, whereas BCL-Xl bound BAX. Within damaged hippocampus, seizures induced the dissociation of BAD from 14-3-3 and the subsequent dimerization of BAD with BCL-Xl as determined by immunoprecipitation and immunohistochemical colocalization. 14-3-3 was found to translocate to the nucleus of degenerating neurons, whereas BAX accumulated at mitochondrial membranes. In contrast, the primarily uninjured cortex exhibited increased phosphorylation of Akt (protein kinase B), which may phosphorylate and inhibit BAD, and no altered binding of BAD to BCL-Xl. Finally, administration of an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (LY294002), thought to be an upstream activator of Akt, exacerbated cortical apoptosis after seizures. These data suggest that seizures elicit divergent cell death and survival responses within neuronal populations and that the BAD cell death pathway may perform an instigator or reinforcement role in seizure-induced neuronal death.
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