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Oliveira Monteiro E Pereira de Almeida MP, Valle Pedroso R, Mantellatto Grigoli M, Vicente Silva T, Manzine PR, Cominetti MR. ADAM10 as a biomarker for Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2024; 180:1-11. [PMID: 37460331 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) is the main α-secretase in the non-amyloidogenic cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), avoiding the production of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), one of the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVE To investigate ADAM10 from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma/serum as a potential biomarker for AD. METHODS A systematic review was carried out in the MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus databases using the terms and Boolean operators: "Alzheimer" AND "ADAM10" AND "biomarker". Citation searching was also adopted. The inclusion criteria were original studies of ADAM10 in blood or CSF in patients with AD. The risk of bias was assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. The analysis methods were registered in the PROSPERO database (#CRD42021274239). RESULTS Of the 97 records screened, 17 were included. There is strong evidence for lower levels of ADAM10 in platelets of persons with AD compared to cognitively healthy participants. On the other hand, higher levels of ADAM10 were found in plasma. Regarding CSF, controversial results were found with lower and higher levels of ADAM10 in persons with AD compared to healthy older adults. The differences may be due to diverse reasons, including different sample collection and processing and different antibodies, highlighting the importance of standardizing the experiments and choosing the appropriate antibodies for ADAM10 detection. CONCLUSION Evidence shows that ADAM10 levels are altered in platelets, plasma, serum, and CSF of individuals with AD. The alteration was evident in all stages of the disease, and therefore, the protein may represent a complementary biomarker for the disease. However, more studies must be performed to establish cut-off values for ADAM10 levels to discriminate AD participants from cognitively unimpaired older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R Valle Pedroso
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos. Rod. Washington Luis, km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - M Mantellatto Grigoli
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos. Rod. Washington Luis, km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - T Vicente Silva
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos. Rod. Washington Luis, km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - P R Manzine
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos. Rod. Washington Luis, km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - M R Cominetti
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos. Rod. Washington Luis, km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Global Brain Health Institute, Dublin, Ireland.
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Tu R, Xia J. Stroke and Vascular Cognitive Impairment: The Role of Intestinal Microbiota Metabolite TMAO. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:102-121. [PMID: 36740795 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230203140805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome interacts with the brain bidirectionally through the microbiome-gutbrain axis, which plays a key role in regulating various nervous system pathophysiological processes. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is produced by choline metabolism through intestinal microorganisms, which can cross the blood-brain barrier to act on the central nervous system. Previous studies have shown that elevated plasma TMAO concentrations increase the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events, but there are few studies on TMAO in cerebrovascular disease and vascular cognitive impairment. This review summarized a decade of research on the impact of TMAO on stroke and related cognitive impairment, with particular attention to the effects on vascular cognitive disorders. We demonstrated that TMAO has a marked impact on the occurrence, development, and prognosis of stroke by regulating cholesterol metabolism, foam cell formation, platelet hyperresponsiveness and thrombosis, and promoting inflammation and oxidative stress. TMAO can also influence the cognitive impairment caused by Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease via inducing abnormal aggregation of key proteins, affecting inflammation and thrombosis. However, although clinical studies have confirmed the association between the microbiome-gut-brain axis and vascular cognitive impairment (cerebral small vessel disease and post-stroke cognitive impairment), the molecular mechanism of TMAO has not been clarified, and TMAO precursors seem to play the opposite role in the process of poststroke cognitive impairment. In addition, several studies have also reported the possible neuroprotective effects of TMAO. Existing therapies for these diseases targeted to regulate intestinal flora and its metabolites have shown good efficacy. TMAO is probably a new target for early prediction and treatment of stroke and vascular cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxin Tu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Jian Xia
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
- Human Clinical Research Center for Cerebrovascular Disease, Changsha, China
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Arzehgar A, Davarinia F, Ferns GA, Hakimi A, Bahrami A. Predicting the Cognitive Ability of Young Women Using a New Feature Selection Algorithm. J Mol Neurosci 2023; 73:678-691. [PMID: 37581703 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-023-02145-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive abilities are the capabilities to perform mental processes that include executive function, comprehension, decision-making, work performance, and educational attainment. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between several biomarkers and individuals' cognitive ability using various machine learning methods. A total of 144 young women aged between 18 and 24 years old were recruited into the study. Cognitive performance was assessed using a standard questionnaire. A panel of biochemical, hematological, inflammatory, and oxidative stress biomarkers in serum and urine was measured for all participants. A novel combination of feature selection and feature scoring techniques within a hierarchical ensemble structure has been proposed to identify the most effective features in recognizing the importance of various biomarker signatures in cognitive abilities classification. Multiple feature selection methods were employed in conjunction with different classifiers to construct this model. In this manner, using three filter methods, the scores of each feature were considered. The combination of high-scoring features for each filter method was stored as the primary feature subset. A high-accuracy feature subset was selected by using a wrapper method. The collection of highly scored features from each filter method formed the primary feature subset. A wrapper method was also employed to select a feature subset with high accuracy. To ensure robustness and minimize random variations in the feature subset search process, a repeative tenfold cross-validation was conducted. The most frequently recurring features were determined. This iterative step facilitated the identification of an optimal feature subset, effectively reducing the dimensionality of features while maintaining accuracy. Among the 47 extracted factors, serum level of NOx (nitrite ± nitrate), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and phosphate as well as blood platelet count (PLT) was entered into the model of cognitive abilities with the highest accuracy of approximately 70.9% using a decision tree classifier. Therefore, the serum levels of NOx, ALP, phosphate, and blood PLT count may be important markers of the cognitive abilities in apparently healthy young women. These factors my provide a simple procedure to identify mental abilities and earlier cognitive decline in healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afrooz Arzehgar
- Department of Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Department of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9PH, Sussex, UK
| | - Ali Hakimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Afsane Bahrami
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Akbar Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Hershkovits AS, Gelley S, Hanna R, Kleifeld O, Shulman A, Fishman A. Shifting the balance: soluble ADAM10 as a potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1171123. [PMID: 37266401 PMCID: PMC10229884 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1171123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Accumulation of amyloid β in the brain is regarded as a key initiator of Alzheimer's disease pathology. Processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) in the amyloidogenic pathway yields neurotoxic amyloid β species. In the non-amyloidogenic pathway, APP is processed by membrane-bound ADAM10, the main α-secretase in the nervous system. Here we present a new enzymatic approach for the potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease using a soluble form of ADAM10. Methods The ability of the soluble ADAM10 to shed overexpressed and endogenous APP was determined with an ADAM10 knockout cell line and a human neuroblastoma cell line, respectively. We further examined its effect on amyloid β aggregation by thioflavin T fluorescence, HPLC, and confocal microscopy. Using N-terminal and C-terminal enrichment proteomic approaches, we identified soluble ADAM10 substrates. Finally, a truncated soluble ADAM10, based on the catalytic domain, was expressed in Escherichia coli for the first time, and its activity was evaluated. Results The soluble enzyme hydrolyzes APP and releases the neuroprotective soluble APPα when exogenously added to cell cultures. The soluble ADAM10 inhibits the formation and aggregation of characteristic amyloid β extracellular neuronal aggregates. The proteomic investigation identified new and verified known substrates, such as VGF and N-cadherin, respectively. The truncated variant also exhibited α-secretase capacity as shown with a specific ADAM10 fluorescent substrate in addition to shedding overexpressed and endogenous APP. Discussion Our in vitro study demonstrates that exogenous treatment with a soluble variant of ADAM10 would shift the balance toward the non-amyloidogenic pathway, thus utilizing its natural neuroprotective effect and inhibiting the main neurotoxic amyloid β species. The potential of such a treatment for Alzheimer's disease needs to be further evaluated in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelet Sarah Hershkovits
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- The Interdisciplinary Program for Biotechnology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sivan Gelley
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Rawad Hanna
- Department of Biology Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Oded Kleifeld
- Department of Biology Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Ayelet Fishman
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Khezri MR, Mohebalizadeh M, Ghasemnejad-Berenji M. Therapeutic potential of ADAM10 modulation in Alzheimer's disease: a review of the current evidence. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:60. [PMID: 36918870 PMCID: PMC10012555 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01072-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide, is caused by loss of neurons and synapses in central nervous system. Several causes for neuronal death in AD have been introduced, the most important of which are extracellular amyloid β (Aβ) accumulation and aggregated tau proteins. Increasing evidence suggest that targeting the process of Aβ production to reduce its deposition can serve as a therapeutic option for AD management. In this regard, therapeutic interventions shown that a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein (ADAM) 10, involved in non-amyloidogenic pathway of amyloid precursor protein processing, is known to be a suitable candidate. Therefore, this review aims to examine the molecular properties of ADAM10, its role in AD, and introduce it as a therapeutic target to reduce the progression of the disease. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rafi Khezri
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Sero Road, Urmia, 5715799313, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Mohebalizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Sero Road, Urmia, 5715799313, Iran.,Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Ghasemnejad-Berenji
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Sero Road, Urmia, 5715799313, Iran. .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran. .,Research Center for Experimental and Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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Rangasamy SB, Jana M, Dasarathi S, Kundu M, Pahan K. Treadmill workout activates PPARα in the hippocampus to upregulate ADAM10, decrease plaques and improve cognitive functions in 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 109:204-218. [PMID: 36682514 PMCID: PMC10023420 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Although liver is rich in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), recently we have described the presence of PPARα in hippocampus where it is involved in non-amyloidogenic metabolism of amyloid precursor protein (APP) via ADAM10, decreasing amyloid plaques and improving memory and learning. However, mechanisms to upregulate PPARα in vivo in the hippocampus are poorly understood. Regular exercise has multiple beneficial effects on human health and here, we describe the importance of regular mild treadmill exercise in upregulating PPARα in vivo in the hippocampus of 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. We also demonstrate that treadmill exercise remained unable to stimulate ADAM10, reduce plaque pathology and improve cognitive functions in 5XFADΔPPARα mice (5XFAD mice lacking PPARα). On the other hand, treadmill workout increased ADAM10, decreased plaque pathology and protected memory and learning in 5XFADΔPPARβ mice (5XFAD mice lacking PPARβ). Moreover, the other PPAR (PPARγ) also did not play any role in the transcription of ADAM10 in vivo in the hippocampus of treadmill exercised 5XFAD mice. These results underline an important role of PPARα in which treadmill exercise remains unable to exhibit neuroprotection in the hippocampus in the absence of PPARα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh B Rangasamy
- Division of Research and Development, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Malabendu Jana
- Division of Research and Development, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Sridevi Dasarathi
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Madhuchhanda Kundu
- Division of Research and Development, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Kalipada Pahan
- Division of Research and Development, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA.
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Li Y, Wang H, Zhao Z, Yang Y, Meng Z, Qin L. Effects of the interactions between platelets with other cells in tumor growth and progression. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1165989. [PMID: 37153586 PMCID: PMC10158495 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1165989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been confirmed that platelets play a key role in tumorigenesis. Tumor-activated platelets can recruit blood cells and immune cells to migrate, establish an inflammatory tumor microenvironment at the sites of primary and metastatic tumors. On the other hand, they can also promote the differentiation of mesenchymal cells, which can accelerate the proliferation, genesis and migration of blood vessels. The role of platelets in tumors has been well studied. However, a growing number of studies suggest that interactions between platelets and immune cells (e.g., dendritic cells, natural killer cells, monocytes, and red blood cells) also play an important role in tumorigenesis and tumor development. In this review, we summarize the major cells that are closely associated with platelets and discuss the essential role of the interaction between platelets with these cells in tumorigenesis and tumor development.
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Wang Z, Zheng Y, Cai H, Yang C, Li S, Lv H, Feng T, Yu Z. Aβ1-42-containing platelet-derived extracellular vesicle is associated with cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1170663. [PMID: 37122378 PMCID: PMC10140302 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1170663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cortical amyloid deposition is a common observation in Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) patients. Aβ1-42 is linked to a more rapid progression of dementia. Platelets, which degranulate upon activation, are a primary source of Aβ. It has been repeatedly reported that peripheral extracellular vesicles (EVs) can partially reach the central nervous system. Thus, we speculate that activated platelet-derived Aβ1-42-containing EVs (PEV-Aβ1-42) play a crucial role in the cognitive decline of PD patients. Methods The study included 189 participants: 66 with non-dementia PD, 73 with PDD, and 50 healthy controls. All participants underwent blood collection and clinical assessments. Twenty PD patients underwent re-examination and repeated blood collection 14 months later. A nano-scale flow cytometry assay was used to detect PEVs and PEV-Aβ1-42 using fluorescence-labeled CD62P and Aβ1-42 antibodies. Results Parkinson's disease dementia patients had higher PEV-Aβ1-42 concentrations than healthy controls (p = 0.028). The ratio of PEV-Aβ1-42 to PEV was significantly higher in PDD patients compared to those in non-dementia PD and healthy controls (p PD-ND < 0.001, p HC = 0.041). The PEV-Aβ1-42/PEV ratio appears to influence the odds of developing dementia (OR = 1.76, p < 0.001). The change in the PEV-Aβ1-42/PEV ratio was also correlated with cognitive decline over 14 months (r = -0.447, p < 0.05). Conclusion The plasma PEV-Aβ1-42/PEV ratio may serve as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for PDD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Wang
- Center for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanchu Zheng
- Center for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huihui Cai
- Center for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Center for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Siming Li
- Center for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Lv
- Clinical Diagnosis Department of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenwei Yu, ; Tao Feng, , ; Hong Lv,
| | - Tao Feng
- Center for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenwei Yu, ; Tao Feng, , ; Hong Lv,
| | - Zhenwei Yu
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenwei Yu, ; Tao Feng, , ; Hong Lv,
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Cai H, Pang Y, Wang Q, Qin W, Wei C, Li Y, Li T, Li F, Wang Q, Li Y, Wei Y, Jia L. Proteomic profiling of circulating plasma exosomes reveals novel biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2022; 14:181. [PMID: 36471423 PMCID: PMC9720984 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-022-01133-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuronal- and astrocyte-derived exosomes have been identified as an optimal source for screening biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, few studies focus on the bulk exosome population isolated from plasma of AD. This study investigated whether proteins in bulk exosomes can aid in the diagnosis of AD. METHODS The plasma exosomes were collected by ultracentrifuge. Protein samples were extracted from exosomes. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of amyloid β (Aβ)42 and phosphorylated tau (P-tau)181 were measured for diagnostic purposes. A pilot study (controls, 20; AD, 20) followed by a second dataset (controls, 56; AD, 58) was used to establish a diagnostic model of AD. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics was performed to profile the plasma exosomal proteome. Parallel reaction monitoring was used to further confirm the differentially expressed proteins. RESULTS In total, 328 proteins in plasma exosomes were quantified. Among them, 31 proteins were altered in AD patients, and 12 were validated. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed a combination of six proteins (upregulated: Ig-like domain-containing protein (A0A0G2JRQ6), complement C1q subcomponent subunit C (C1QC), complement component C9 (CO9), platelet glycoprotein Ib beta chain (GP1BB), Ras suppressor protein 1 (RSU1); downregulated: disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 10 (ADA10)) has the capacity to differentiate AD patients from healthy controls with high accuracy. Linear correlation analysis showed that the combination was significantly correlated with cognitive performance. CONCLUSIONS The combination of plasma exosomal proteins A0A0G2JRQ6, C1QC, CO9, GP1BB, RSU1, and ADA10 acts as a novel candidate biomarker to differentiate AD patients from healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Cai
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XInnovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 45 Changchun St, Beijing, 100000 China
| | - Yana Pang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XInnovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 45 Changchun St, Beijing, 100000 China
| | - Qi Wang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XInnovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 45 Changchun St, Beijing, 100000 China
| | - Wei Qin
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XInnovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 45 Changchun St, Beijing, 100000 China
| | - Cuibai Wei
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XInnovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 45 Changchun St, Beijing, 100000 China
| | - Ying Li
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XInnovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 45 Changchun St, Beijing, 100000 China
| | - Tingting Li
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XInnovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 45 Changchun St, Beijing, 100000 China
| | - Fangyu Li
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XInnovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 45 Changchun St, Beijing, 100000 China
| | - Qigeng Wang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XInnovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 45 Changchun St, Beijing, 100000 China
| | - Yan Li
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XInnovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 45 Changchun St, Beijing, 100000 China
| | - Yiping Wei
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XInnovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 45 Changchun St, Beijing, 100000 China
| | - Longfei Jia
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XInnovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 45 Changchun St, Beijing, 100000 China
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10
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Maglione AV, do Nascimento BPP, Ribeiro MO, de Souza TJL, da Silva REC, Sato MA, Penatti CAA, Britto LRG, de Souza JS, Maciel RMB, da Conceição RR, Laureano-Melo R, Giannocco G. Triiodothyronine Treatment reverses Depression-Like Behavior in a triple-transgenic animal model of Alzheimer's Disease. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2735-2750. [PMID: 35951206 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01055-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease's (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive and behavioral impairment. The central nervous system is an important target of thyroid hormones (TH). An inverse association between serum triiodothyronine (T3) levels and the risk of AD symptoms and progression has been reported. We investigated the effects of T3 treatment on the depression-like behavior in male transgenic 3xTg-AD mice. Animals were divided into 2 groups treated with daily intraperitoneal injections of 20 ng/g of body weight (b.w.) L-T3 (T3 group) or saline (vehicle, control group). The experimental protocol lasted 21 days, and behavioral tests were conducted on days 18-20. At the end of the experiment, the TH profile and hippocampal gene expression were evaluated. The T3-treated group significantly increased serum T3 and decreased thyroxine (T4) levels. When compared to control hippocampal samples, the T3 group exhibited attenuated glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3), metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10), amyloid-beta precursor-protein (APP), serotonin transporter (SERT), 5HT1A receptor, monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) and bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) gene expression, whereas augmented superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and Hairless gene expression. T3-treated animals also displayed reduced immobility time in both the tail suspension and forced swim tests, and in the latter presented a higher latency time compared to the control group. Therefore, our findings suggest that in an AD mouse model, T3 supplementation promotes improvements in depression-like behavior, through the modulation of the serotonergic related genes involved in the transmission mediated by 5HT1A receptors and serotonin reuptake, and attenuated disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa V Maglione
- Dept. Medicine, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Translational Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP/EPM, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna P P do Nascimento
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP/EPM, São Paulo, Brazil
- Developmental Disorders Program, Center of Biological Science and Health, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miriam O Ribeiro
- Developmental Disorders Program, Center of Biological Science and Health, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Talytha J L de Souza
- Dept. Medicine, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Translational Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP/EPM, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata E C da Silva
- Dept. Medicine, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Translational Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP/EPM, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monica A Sato
- Dept. Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitário FMABC, Santo André- Brazil, São Paulo, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Carlos A A Penatti
- Laboratory of Human Physiology, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz R G Britto
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Janaina S de Souza
- Dept. Medicine, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Translational Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP/EPM, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui M B Maciel
- Dept. Medicine, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Translational Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP/EPM, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Rodrigues da Conceição
- Dept. Medicine, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Translational Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP/EPM, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Roberto Laureano-Melo
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacoly and Behavior, Universidade de Barra Mansa, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gisele Giannocco
- Dept. Medicine, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Translational Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP/EPM, São Paulo, Brazil.
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11
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Elsworthy RJ, Hill EJ, Dunleavy C, Aldred S. The role of ADAM10 in astrocytes: Implications for Alzheimer’s disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1056507. [DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1056507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Much of the early research into AD relies on a neuron-centric view of the brain, however, evidence of multiple altered cellular interactions between glial cells and the vasculature early in AD has been demonstrated. As such, alterations in astrocyte function are widely recognized a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of AD. The processes by which astrocytes may be involved in AD make them an interesting target for therapeutic intervention, but in order for this to be most effective, there is a need for the specific mechanisms involving astrocyte dysfunction to be investigated. “α disintegrin and metalloproteinase” 10 (ADAM10) is capable of proteolytic cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein which prevents amyloid-β generation. As such ADAM10 has been identified as an interesting enzyme in AD pathology. ADAM10 is also known to play a role in a significant number of cellular processes, most notable in notch signaling and in inflammatory processes. There is a growing research base for the involvement of ADAM10 in regulating astrocytic function, primarily from an immune perspective. This review aims to bring together available evidence for ADAM10 activity in astrocytes, and how this relates to AD pathology.
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12
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Cdk5-p25 as a key element linking amyloid and tau pathologies in Alzheimer's disease: Mechanisms and possible therapeutic interventions. Life Sci 2022; 308:120986. [PMID: 36152679 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite the fact that the small atypical serine/threonine cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is expressed in a number of tissues, its activity is restricted to the central nervous system due to the neuron-only localization of its activators p35 and p39. Although its importance for the proper development and function of the brain and its role as a switch between neuronal survival and death are unmistakable and unquestionable, Cdk5 is nevertheless increasingly emerging, as supported by a large number of publications on the subject, as a therapeutic target of choice in the fight against Alzheimer's disease. Thus, its aberrant over activation via the calpain-dependent conversion of p35 into p25 is observed during the pathogenesis of the disease where it leads to the hyperphosphorylation of the β-amyloid precursor protein and tau. The present review highlights the pivotal roles of the hyperactive Cdk5-p25 complex activity in contributing to the development of Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on the linking function between Aβ and tau that this kinase fulfils and on the fact that Cdk5-p25 is part of a deleterious feed forward loop giving rise to a molecular machinery runaway leading to AD pathogenesis. Additionally, we discuss the advances and challenges related to the possible strategies aimed at specifically inhibiting Cdk5-p25 activity and which could lead to promising anti-AD therapeutics.
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13
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Li TR, Liu FQ. β-Amyloid promotes platelet activation and activated platelets act as bridge between risk factors and Alzheimer's disease. Mech Ageing Dev 2022; 207:111725. [PMID: 35995275 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an evolving challenge that places an enormous burden on families and society. The presence of obvious brain β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition is a premise to diagnose AD, which induces the subsequent tau hyperphosphorylation and neurodegeneration. Platelets are the primary source of circulating amyloid precursor protein (APP). Upon activation, they can secrete significant amounts of Aβ into the blood, which can be actively transported to the brain across the blood-brain barrier and promote amyloid deposition. In this review, we summarized the changes in the platelet APP metabolic pathway in patients with AD and further comprehensively explored the targets and downstream events of Aβ-activated platelets. In addition, we attempted to clarify whether patients with AD are in a state of general platelet activation, with inconsistent results. Considering the increasingly evident bidirectional relationship between AD and vascular events, we speculate that the AD pathology alone seems to be insufficient to induce the general activation of platelets; however, the intervention of third-party factors, such as atherosclerosis, exposes the extracellular matrix and leads to platelet activation, further promoting AD progression. Therefore, we proposed a framework in which the relationship between platelets and AD is indirect and mediated by vascular factors. Therapies targeting platelets and interventions for vascular risk factors are likely to contribute to the prevention and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao-Ran Li
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Feng-Qi Liu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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14
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Zakharova NV, Bugrova AE, Indeykina MI, Fedorova YB, Kolykhalov IV, Gavrilova SI, Nikolaev EN, Kononikhin AS. Proteomic Markers and Early Prediction of Alzheimer's Disease. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2022; 87:762-776. [PMID: 36171657 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922080089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common socially significant neurodegenerative pathology, which currently affects more than 30 million elderly people worldwide. Since the number of patients grows every year and may exceed 115 million by 2050, and due to the lack of effective therapies, early prediction of AD remains a global challenge, solution of which can contribute to the timely appointment of a preventive therapy in order to avoid irreversible changes in the brain. To date, clinical assays for the markers of amyloidosis in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have been developed, which, in conjunction with the brain MRI and PET studies, are used either to confirm the diagnosis based on obligate clinical criteria or to predict the risk of AD developing at the stage of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, the problem of predicting AD at the asymptomatic stage remains unresolved. In this regard, the search for new protein markers and studies of proteomic changes in CSF and blood plasma are of particular interest and may consequentially identify particular pathways involved in the pathogenesis of AD. Studies of specific proteomic changes in blood plasma deserve special attention and are of increasing interest due to the much less invasive method of sample collection as compared to CSF, which is important when choosing the object for large-scale screening. This review briefly summarizes the current knowledge on proteomic markers of AD and considers the prospects of developing reliable methods for early identification of AD risk factors based on the proteomic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Zakharova
- Emanuel Institute for Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia.
| | - Anna E Bugrova
- Emanuel Institute for Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Maria I Indeykina
- Emanuel Institute for Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Evgeny N Nikolaev
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, 121205, Russia
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15
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Musardo S, Therin S, Pelucchi S, D'Andrea L, Stringhi R, Ribeiro A, Manca A, Balducci C, Pagano J, Sala C, Verpelli C, Grieco V, Edefonti V, Forloni G, Gardoni F, Meli G, Di Marino D, Di Luca M, Marcello E. The development of ADAM10 endocytosis inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Ther 2022; 30:2474-2490. [PMID: 35390543 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of new therapeutic avenues that target the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is urgently necessary. ADAM10 is a sheddase that is involved in dendritic spine shaping and limits the generation of amyloid-β. ADAM10 endocytosis increases in the hippocampus of AD patients, resulting in the decreased postsynaptic localization of the enzyme. To restore this altered pathway, we developed a cell-permeable peptide (PEP3) with a strong safety profile that is able to interfere with ADAM10 endocytosis, upregulating the postsynaptic localization and activity of ADAM10. After extensive validation, experiments in a relevant animal model clarified the optimal timing of the treatment window. PEP3 administration was effective for the rescue of cognitive defects in APP/PS1 mice only if administered at an early disease stage. Increased ADAM10 activity promoted synaptic plasticity, as revealed by changes in the molecular compositions of synapses and the spine morphology. Even though further studies are required to evaluate efficacy and safety issues of long-term administration of PEP3, these results provide preclinical evidence to support the therapeutic potential of PEP3 in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Musardo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Sebastien Therin
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Pelucchi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura D'Andrea
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Ramona Stringhi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Ana Ribeiro
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Manca
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Balducci
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Jessica Pagano
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, Via Raoul Follereau 3, 20854 Vedano al Lambro (MB), Italy
| | - Carlo Sala
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, Via Raoul Follereau 3, 20854 Vedano al Lambro (MB), Italy
| | - Chiara Verpelli
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, Via Raoul Follereau 3, 20854 Vedano al Lambro (MB), Italy
| | - Valeria Grieco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Valeria Edefonti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Epidemiology "G.A. Maccacaro", Universita` degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 22, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Forloni
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Gardoni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Meli
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Di Marino
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, New York-Marche Structural Biology Center (NY-MaSBiC), Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Monica Di Luca
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Elena Marcello
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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16
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Rodziewicz-Flis EA, Kawa M, Skrobot WR, Flis DJ, Wilczyńska D, Szaro-Truchan M, Bolek-Adamek J, Kaczor JJ. The positive impact of 12 weeks of dance and balance training on the circulating amyloid precursor protein and serotonin concentration as well as physical and cognitive abilities in elderly women. Exp Gerontol 2022; 162:111746. [PMID: 35217193 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of 12-weeks dance training with balance training on fall risk, physical and cognitive functions. The study's second aim was to evaluate the association between physical and cognitive functions with circulating markers of neurodegeneration and cognitive impairments in elders. MATERIALS AND METHODS 30 older women (aged 73.3 ± 4.5) were randomly assigned into three groups: balance training (BG), dance training (DG) and control group (CG). To assess the study aims Time up and go test (TUG), 6 minute walk test (6MWT), determination test (DT), blood amyloid precursor protein (APP) and serotonin concentration were performed. RESULTS The results showed an improvement in 6MWT (p = 0.0001 for DG and BD), walking speed (p = 0.0001 for DG and BG) and TUG, only for DG (p = 0.0013). The number of correct responses in DT increased in both groups (p = 0.014 and p = 0.005, for DG and BG, respectively). In DG the increase in the total number of reactions was observed (p = 0.013). The improvement in cognitive and physical functions was associated with an increase in APP (p = 0.036 and p = 0.014) and a decrease in serotonin concentrations (p = 0.042 and p = 0.049), respectively in DG and BG. CONCLUSION Dance training intervention could have more benefits on elders' physical and cognitive functions. However, both trainings may be important factors modifying the concentration of circulating proteins associated with neurodegenerative and cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Aleksandra Rodziewicz-Flis
- Department of Basic Physiotherapy, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, K. Gorkiego 1 Street, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Kawa
- Department of Basic Physiotherapy, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, K. Gorkiego 1 Street, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Romuald Skrobot
- Department of Clinical Physiotherapy, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, K. Gorkiego 1 Street, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Damian Józef Flis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 Street, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Dominika Wilczyńska
- Department of Psychology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, K. Gorkiego 1 Street, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Marzena Szaro-Truchan
- Department of Basic Physiotherapy, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, K. Gorkiego 1 Street, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Justyna Bolek-Adamek
- Department of Fitness, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, K. Gorkiego 1 Street, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Jan Jacek Kaczor
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, University of Gdansk, J Bazynskiego 8 Street, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland.
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17
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Varesi A, Pierella E, Romeo M, Piccini GB, Alfano C, Bjørklund G, Oppong A, Ricevuti G, Esposito C, Chirumbolo S, Pascale A. The Potential Role of Gut Microbiota in Alzheimer’s Disease: from Diagnosis to Treatment. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030668. [PMID: 35277027 PMCID: PMC8840394 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota is emerging as a key regulator of many disease conditions and its dysregulation is implicated in the pathogenesis of several gastrointestinal and extraintestinal disorders. More recently, gut microbiome alterations have been linked to neurodegeneration through the increasingly defined gut microbiota brain axis, opening the possibility for new microbiota-based therapeutic options. Although several studies have been conducted to unravel the possible relationship between Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) pathogenesis and progression, the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of approaches aiming at restoring gut microbiota eubiosis remain to be fully addressed. In this narrative review, we briefly summarize the role of gut microbiota homeostasis in brain health and disease, and we present evidence for its dysregulation in AD patients. Based on these observations, we then discuss how dysbiosis might be exploited as a new diagnostic tool in early and advanced disease stages, and we examine the potential of prebiotics, probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and diets as complementary therapeutic interventions on disease pathogenesis and progression, thus offering new insights into the diagnosis and treatment of this devastating and progressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Varesi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Almo Collegio Borromeo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.V.); (G.R.)
| | - Elisa Pierella
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK; (E.P.); (A.O.)
| | - Marcello Romeo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | | | - Claudia Alfano
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), 8610 Mo i Rana, Norway;
| | - Abigail Oppong
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK; (E.P.); (A.O.)
| | - Giovanni Ricevuti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.V.); (G.R.)
| | - Ciro Esposito
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, ICS Maugeri, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37121 Verona, Italy;
| | - Alessia Pascale
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
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18
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Pelucchi S, Gardoni F, Di Luca M, Marcello E. Synaptic dysfunction in early phases of Alzheimer's Disease. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2022; 184:417-438. [PMID: 35034752 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819410-2.00022-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The synapse is the locus of plasticity where short-term alterations in synaptic strength are converted to long-lasting memories. In addition to the presynaptic terminal and the postsynaptic compartment, a more holistic view of the synapse includes the astrocytes and the extracellular matrix to form a tetrapartite synapse. All these four elements contribute to synapse health and are crucial for synaptic plasticity events and, thereby, for learning and memory processes. Synaptic dysfunction is a common pathogenic trait of several brain disorders. In Alzheimer's Disease, the degeneration of synapses can be detected at the early stages of pathology progression before neuronal degeneration, supporting the hypothesis that synaptic failure is a major determinant of the disease. The synapse is the place where amyloid-β peptides are generated and is the target of the toxic amyloid-β oligomers. All the elements constituting the tetrapartite synapse are altered in Alzheimer's Disease and can synergistically contribute to synaptic dysfunction. Moreover, the two main hallmarks of Alzheimer's Disease, i.e., amyloid-β and tau, act in concert to cause synaptic deficits. Deciphering the mechanisms underlying synaptic dysfunction is relevant for the development of the next-generation therapeutic strategies aimed at modifying the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pelucchi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Gardoni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Di Luca
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Marcello
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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19
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Carbone MG, Pagni G, Tagliarini C, Imbimbo BP, Pomara N. Can platelet activation result in increased plasma Aβ levels and contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease? Ageing Res Rev 2021; 71:101420. [PMID: 34371202 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
One of the central lesions in the brain of subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is represented by aggregates of β-amyloid (Aβ), a peptide of 40-42 amino acids derived from the amyloid precursor protein (APP). The reasons why Aβ accumulates in the brain of individuals with sporadic forms of AD are unknown. Platelets are the primary source of circulating APP and, upon activation, can secrete significant amounts of Aβ into the blood which can be actively transported to the brain across the blood-brain barrier and promote amyloid deposition. Increased platelet activity can stimulate platelet adhesion to endothelial cells, trigger the recruitment of leukocytes into the vascular wall and cause perivascular inflammation, which can spread inflammation in the brain. Neuroinflammation is fueled by activated microglial cells and reactive astrocytes that release neurotoxic cytokines and chemokines. Platelet activation is also associated with the progression of carotid artery disease resulting in an increased risk of cerebral hypoperfusion which may also contribute to the AD neurodegenerative process. Platelet activation may thus be a pathophysiological mechanism of AD and for the strong link between AD and cerebrovascular diseases. Interfering with platelet activation may represent a promising potential adjunct therapeutic approach for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Glauco Carbone
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Division of Psychiatry, University of Insubria, Viale Luigi Borri 57, 21100, Varese, Italy; Pisa-School of Experimental and Clinical Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Via Roma 57, 56100, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Pagni
- Pisa-School of Experimental and Clinical Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Via Roma 57, 56100, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Claudia Tagliarini
- Pisa-School of Experimental and Clinical Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Via Roma 57, 56100, Pisa, Italy.
| | | | - Nunzio Pomara
- Geriatric Psychiatry Department, Nathan Kline Institute, and Departments of Psychiatry and Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 140 Old Orangeburg Road Orangeburg, New York, 10962, United States.
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20
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Page MJ, Pretorius E. Platelet Behavior Contributes to Neuropathologies: A Focus on Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease. Semin Thromb Hemost 2021; 48:382-404. [PMID: 34624913 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1733960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The functions of platelets are broad. Platelets function in hemostasis and thrombosis, inflammation and immune responses, vascular regulation, and host defense against invading pathogens, among others. These actions are achieved through the release of a wide set of coagulative, vascular, inflammatory, and other factors as well as diverse cell surface receptors involved in the same activities. As active participants in these physiological processes, platelets become involved in signaling pathways and pathological reactions that contribute to diseases that are defined by inflammation (including by pathogen-derived stimuli), vascular dysfunction, and coagulation. These diseases include Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, the two most common neurodegenerative diseases. Despite their unique pathological and clinical features, significant shared pathological processes exist between these two conditions, particularly relating to a central inflammatory mechanism involving both neuroinflammation and inflammation in the systemic environment, but also neurovascular dysfunction and coagulopathy, processes which also share initiation factors and receptors. This triad of dysfunction-(neuro)inflammation, neurovascular dysfunction, and hypercoagulation-illustrates the important roles platelets play in neuropathology. Although some mechanisms are understudied in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, a strong case can be made for the relevance of platelets in neurodegeneration-related processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Page
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, South Africa
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, South Africa
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21
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Platelet APP Processing: Is It a Tool to Explore the Pathophysiology of Alzheimer's Disease? A Systematic Review. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11080750. [PMID: 34440494 PMCID: PMC8401829 DOI: 10.3390/life11080750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a critical event in the formation of amyloid plaques. Platelets contain most of the enzymatic machinery required for APP processing and correlates of intracerebral abnormalities have been demonstrated in platelets of patients with AD. The goal of the present paper was to analyze studies exploring platelet APP metabolism in Alzheimer's disease patients trying to assess potential reliable peripheral biomarkers, to offer new therapeutic solutions and to understand the pathophysiology of the AD. According to the PRISMA guidelines, we performed a systematic review through the PubMed database up to June 2020 with the search terms: "((((((APP) OR Amyloid Precursor Protein) OR AbetaPP) OR Beta Amyloid) OR Amyloid Beta) OR APP-processing) AND platelet". Thirty-two studies were included in this systematic review. The papers included are analytic observational studies, namely twenty-nine cross sectional studies and three longitudinal studies, specifically prospective cohort study. The studies converge in an almost unitary way in affirming that subjects with AD show changes in APP processing compared to healthy age-matched controls. However, the problem of the specificity and sensitivity of these biomarkers is still at issue and would deserve to be deepened in future studies.
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22
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Analyzing Olfactory Neuron Precursors Non-Invasively Isolated through NADH FLIM as a Potential Tool to Study Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126311. [PMID: 34204595 PMCID: PMC8231156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Among all the proposed pathogenic mechanisms to understand the etiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), increased oxidative stress seems to be a robust and early disease feature where many of those hypotheses converge. However, despite the significant lines of evidence accumulated, an effective diagnosis and treatment of AD are not yet available. This limitation might be partially explained by the use of cellular and animal models that recapitulate partial aspects of the disease and do not account for the particular biology of patients. As such, cultures of patient-derived cells of peripheral origin may provide a convenient solution for this problem. Peripheral cells of neuronal lineage such as olfactory neuronal precursors (ONPs) can be easily cultured through non-invasive isolation, reproducing AD-related oxidative stress. Interestingly, the autofluorescence of key metabolic cofactors such as reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) can be highly correlated with the oxidative state and antioxidant capacity of cells in a non-destructive and label-free manner. In particular, imaging NADH through fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) has greatly improved the sensitivity in detecting oxidative shifts with minimal intervention to cell physiology. Here, we discuss the translational potential of analyzing patient-derived ONPs non-invasively isolated through NADH FLIM to reveal AD-related oxidative stress. We believe this approach may potentially accelerate the discovery of effective antioxidant therapies and contribute to early diagnosis and personalized monitoring of this devastating disease.
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Prendecki M, Kowalska M, Toton E, Kozubski W. Genetic Editing and Pharmacogenetics in Current And Future Therapy Of Neurocognitive Disorders. Curr Alzheimer Res 2021; 17:238-258. [PMID: 32321403 DOI: 10.2174/1567205017666200422152440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dementia is an important issue in western societies, and in the following years, this problem will also rise in the developing regions, such as Africa and Asia. The most common types of dementia in adults are Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB), Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) and Vascular Dementia (VaD), of which, AD accounts for more than half of the cases. The most prominent symptom of AD is cognitive impairment, currently treated with four drugs: Donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine, enhancing cholinergic transmission; as well as memantine, protecting neurons against glutamate excitotoxicity. Despite ongoing efforts, no new drugs in the treatment of AD have been registered for the last ten years, thus multiple studies have been conducted on genetic factors affecting the efficacy of antidementia pharmacotherapy. The researchers investigate the effects of variants in multiple genes, such as ABCB1, ACE, CHAT, CHRNA7, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP3A7, NR1I2, NR1I3, POR, PPAR, RXR, SLC22A1/2/5, SLC47A1, UGT1A6, UGT1A9 and UGT2B7, associated with numerous pathways: the development of pathological proteins, formation and metabolism of acetylcholine, transport, metabolism and excretion of antidementia drugs and transcription factors regulating the expression of genes responsible for metabolism and transport of drugs. The most promising results have been demonstrated for APOE E4, dementia risk variant, BCHE-K, reduced butyrylcholinesterase activity variant, and CYP2D6 UM, ultrarapid hepatic metabolism. Further studies investigate the possibilities of the development of emerging drugs or genetic editing by CRISPR/Cas9 for causative treatment. In conclusion, the pharmacogenetic studies on dementia diseases may improve the efficacy of pharmacotherapy in some patients with beneficial genetic variants, at the same time, identifying the carriers of unfavorable alleles, the potential group of novel approaches to the treatment and prevention of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Prendecki
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta Kowalska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Toton
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kozubski
- Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
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24
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Yu H, Liu Y, He B, He T, Chen C, He J, Yang X, Wang J. Platelet biomarkers for a descending cognitive function: A proteomic approach. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13358. [PMID: 33942972 PMCID: PMC8135080 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory loss is the most common clinical sign in Alzheimer's disease (AD); thus, searching for peripheral biomarkers to predict cognitive decline is promising for early diagnosis of AD. As platelets share similarities to neuron biology, it may serve as a peripheral matrix for biomarkers of neurological disorders. Here, we conducted a comprehensive and in-depth platelet proteomic analysis using TMT-LC-MS/MS in the populations with mild cognitive impairment (MCI, MMSE = 18-23), severe cognitive impairments (AD, MMSE = 2-17), and the age-/sex-matched normal cognition controls (MMSE = 29-30). A total of 360 differential proteins were detected in MCI and AD patients compared with the controls. These differential proteins were involved in multiple KEGG pathways, including AD, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, telomerase RNA localization, platelet activation, and complement activation. By correlation analysis with MMSE score, three positively correlated pathways and two negatively correlated pathways were identified to be closely related to cognitive decline in MCI and AD patients. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) showed that changes of nine proteins, including PHB, UQCRH, CD63, GP1BA, FINC, RAP1A, ITPR1/2, and ADAM10 could effectively distinguish the cognitively impaired patients from the controls. Further machine learning analysis revealed that a combination of four decreased platelet proteins, that is, PHB, UQCRH, GP1BA, and FINC, was most promising for predicting cognitive decline in MCI and AD patients. Taken together, our data provide a set of platelet biomarkers for predicting cognitive decline which may be applied for the early screening of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders School of Basic Medicine Department of Pathophysiology Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shenzhen China
| | - Yanchao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders School of Basic Medicine Department of Pathophysiology Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Benrong He
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders School of Basic Medicine Department of Pathophysiology Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Ting He
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders School of Basic Medicine Department of Pathophysiology Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Chongyang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders School of Basic Medicine Department of Pathophysiology Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shenzhen China
| | - Jiahua He
- School of Physics Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Xifei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shenzhen China
| | - Jian‐Zhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders School of Basic Medicine Department of Pathophysiology Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
- Co‐innovation Center of Neuroregeneration Nantong University Nantong China
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25
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Hinterleitner C, Zhou Y, Tandler C, Heitmann JS, Kropp KN, Hinterleitner M, Koch A, Hartkopf AD, Zender L, Salih HR, Maurer S. Platelet-Expressed TNFRSF13B (TACI) Predicts Breast Cancer Progression. Front Oncol 2021; 11:642170. [PMID: 33816291 PMCID: PMC8010255 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.642170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although treatment options in breast cancer have been improved significantly, predictive biomarkers for disease progression and metastasis are still lacking. Recent studies indicate that several TNF Receptor Superfamily members are involved in breast cancer cell proliferation and survival. Interestingly, TNFRSF13B (TACI) mRNA level were of prognostic relevance in breast cancer patients. In this study we provide evidence for TACI expression on platelets of breast cancer patients. The level of platelet-expressed TACI (pTACI) was significantly increased on platelets derived from breast cancer patients compared to healthy controls. Upon platelet activation, pTACI was downregulated on the platelet surface of healthy donors and breast cancer patients. Of note, inhibition of matrix metalloprotease (MMP) prevented downregulation of pTACI ex vivo, indicating that proteolytic cleavage of pTACI is responsible for reduction of pTACI level. Stimulation of pTACI via BAFF, BAFF 60-mer or APRIL did not influence platelet activation and function. Remarkably, pTACI was particularly regulated during tumor progression in our breast cancer cohort. TACI expression levels on platelets were correlated with clinical parameters including tumor stage, occurrence of metastasis and tumor cell proliferation (Ki67). In conclusion, our data emphasize the potential use of platelets as a liquid biomarker in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Hinterleitner
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pneumology (Internal Medicine VIII), University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Yanjun Zhou
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Tandler
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jonas S Heitmann
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Korbinian N Kropp
- Department of Hematology, Medical Oncology and Pneumology, University Medical Center of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Martina Hinterleitner
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pneumology (Internal Medicine VIII), University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - André Koch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andreas D Hartkopf
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Lars Zender
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pneumology (Internal Medicine VIII), University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Cancer Research Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Tübingen, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Helmut R Salih
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Maurer
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
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26
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The Effect of TCM-Induced HAMP on Key Enzymes in the Hydrolysis of AD Model Cells. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1068-1080. [PMID: 33683629 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03235-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) process is characterized classically by two hallmark pathologies: β-amyloid (Aβ) plaque deposition and neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau. Aβ peptides play an important role in AD, but despite much effort the molecular mechanisms of how Aβ contributes to AD remain unclear. The present study evaluated the effects of the active components of Epimedium, Astragalus and Radix Puerariae induced HAMP on key enzymes in the hydrolysis of APP in HT22 cells. The active components of Epimedium, Astragalus and Radix Puerariae could effectively up-regulate the expression of HAMP, alleviate the iron overload in the brain tissues of mice, significantly improve the learning and memory ability of AD, down-regulate the expression of Aβ and reduce the deposition of SP in an APPswe/PS1ΔE9 transgenic mouse model of AD. HAMP and Aβ25-35 induced HT22 cells are used as AD cell models in this study to investigate the effect of the compound consisting of the effective components of Epimedium, Astragalus and Pueraria on the key enzymes in the hydrolysis of APP. After the administration of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the expression levels of ADAM10 and ADAM17 were increased while the expression level of BACE1 decreased. This indicates that TCM can promote the expression level of ADAM10 and ADAM17, inhibit the expression level of BACE1, thus further inhibiting the production of amyloid protein and reducing the production of Aβ and SP. Compared with RNAi group, the expression level of ADAM10 and ADAM17 in Aβ + RNAi group was decreased while the expression level of BACE1 increased. Compared with the Aβ + RNAi group the expression level of ADAM10 and ADAM17 in the Aβ + RNAi + TCM group was increased while the expression level of BACE1 was decreased. The present study indicated the effects of the active components of Epimedium, Astragalus and Radix Puerariae may alleviate AD by up-regulating the expression of HAMP, thus reducing brain iron overload, promoting the expression of ADAM10 and ADAM17, inhibiting the expression of BACE1, and reducing the deposition of Aβ.
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27
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Pereira Vatanabe I, Peron R, Mantellatto Grigoli M, Pelucchi S, De Cesare G, Magalhães T, Manzine PR, Figueredo Balthazar ML, Di Luca M, Marcello E, Cominetti MR. ADAM10 Plasma and CSF Levels Are Increased in Mild Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052416. [PMID: 33670873 PMCID: PMC7957802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
ADAM10 is the main α-secretase that participates in the non-amyloidogenic cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) in neurons, inhibiting the production of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Strong recent evidence indicates the importance of the localization of ADAM10 for its activity as a protease. In this study, we investigated ADAM10 activity in plasma and CSF samples of patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and mild AD compared with cognitively healthy controls. Our results indicated that plasma levels of soluble ADAM10 were significantly increased in the mild AD group, and that in these samples the protease was inactive, as determined by activity assays. The same results were observed in CSF samples, indicating that the increased plasma ADAM10 levels reflect the levels found in the central nervous system. In SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, ADAM10 achieves its major protease activity in the fraction obtained from plasma membrane lysis, where the mature form of the enzyme is detected, confirming the importance of ADAM10 localization for its activity. Taken together, our results demonstrate the potential of plasma ADAM10 to act as a biomarker for AD, highlighting its advantages as a less invasive, easier, faster, and lower-cost processing procedure, compared to existing biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Pereira Vatanabe
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil; (I.P.V.); (R.P.); (M.M.G.); (P.R.M.)
| | - Rafaela Peron
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil; (I.P.V.); (R.P.); (M.M.G.); (P.R.M.)
| | - Marina Mantellatto Grigoli
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil; (I.P.V.); (R.P.); (M.M.G.); (P.R.M.)
| | - Silvia Pelucchi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Universitá Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (G.D.C.); (M.D.L.)
| | - Giulia De Cesare
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Universitá Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (G.D.C.); (M.D.L.)
| | - Thamires Magalhães
- Department of Neurology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-887, Brazil; (T.M.); (M.L.F.B.)
| | - Patricia Regina Manzine
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil; (I.P.V.); (R.P.); (M.M.G.); (P.R.M.)
| | | | - Monica Di Luca
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Universitá Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (G.D.C.); (M.D.L.)
| | - Elena Marcello
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Universitá Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (G.D.C.); (M.D.L.)
- Correspondence: (E.M.); (M.R.C.); Tel.: +39-02-5031-8314 (E.M.); +55-16-3306-6663 (M.R.C.)
| | - Marcia Regina Cominetti
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil; (I.P.V.); (R.P.); (M.M.G.); (P.R.M.)
- Correspondence: (E.M.); (M.R.C.); Tel.: +39-02-5031-8314 (E.M.); +55-16-3306-6663 (M.R.C.)
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28
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Oliveira Monteiro MPA, Salheb Oliveira DSM, Manzine PR, Crispim Nascimento CM, Dos Santos Orlandi AA, de Oliveira Gomes GA, Dos Santos Orlandi F, Zazzetta MS, Pott-Junior H, Cominetti MR. ADAM10 plasma levels predict worsening in cognition of older adults: a 3-year follow-up study. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2021; 13:18. [PMID: 33419480 PMCID: PMC7792035 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-00750-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are highly needed in clinic practice. So far, the gold standards for AD diagnosis are brain neuroimaging and beta-amyloid peptide, total tau, and phosphorylated tau in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); however, they are not attractive for large-scale screening. Blood-based biomarkers allow an initial large-scale screening of patients under suspicion that could later be tested for the already established CSF biomarkers. To this regard, in this study, we evaluated whether plasma ADAM10 levels would be predictors of declines in cognition in community-dwelling older adults after a 3-year period follow-up. METHODS This was a 3-year longitudinal cohort study that included 219 community-dwelling older adults. Sociodemographic, clinical, lifestyle, depressive symptoms (GDS), and cognitive data (Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE; Clock Drawing test, CDT) were gathered. The measurement of ADAM10 plasma levels was performed using a sandwich ELISA kit. Bivariate comparisons between groups were performed using Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney for continuous data and Pearson's chi-square tests with Yates continuity correction for categorical data. Longitudinal analyzes of changes in the MMSE scores were performed using linear mixed-effects modeling. RESULTS Baseline MMSE scores and ADAM10 levels were significantly associated with MMSE scores on the follow-up assessment. When analyzing the interaction with time, normal MMSE scores and the ADAM10 plasma levels at baseline presented a significant and independent negative association with MMSE score values on the follow-up assessment. The analyses also showed that the predictive effect of ADAM10 plasma levels on decreasing MMSE scores on follow-up seems to be more pronounced in participants with normal MMSE, when compared with those with altered MMSE scores at baseline. CONCLUSIONS Considering that ADAM10 increase in plasma is detected as soon as in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, the results presented here may support the complementary clinical use of this biomarker, in addition to the classical AD biomarkers. Taken together, these results provide the first direct evidence that changes in ADAM10 plasma levels are predictors of cognitive worsening in older adults. Moreover, this work can shed light on the study of blood biomarkers for AD and contribute to the advancement of the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Patrícia A Oliveira Monteiro
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Danielle S M Salheb Oliveira
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Patrícia R Manzine
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Carla M Crispim Nascimento
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | | | - Grace A de Oliveira Gomes
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Dos Santos Orlandi
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Marisa S Zazzetta
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Henrique Pott-Junior
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Marcia R Cominetti
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil.
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29
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Shi Y, Gu L, Wang Q, Gao L, Zhu J, Lu X, Zhou F, Zhu D, Zhang H, Xie C, Zhang Z. Platelet Amyloid-β Protein Precursor (AβPP) Ratio and Phosphorylated Tau as Promising Indicators for Early Alzheimer's Disease. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 75:664-670. [PMID: 31336382 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify whether platelet amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) ratio, phosphorylated-tau (P-tau) 231, P-tau181, and serine 396 and 404 (Ser396/404) phosphorylated tau are potential peripheral indicators for early Alzheimer's disease (AD). Forty-three amnesic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients and 45 normal controls were recruited. Peripheral venous blood was drawn and platelets were collected and evaluated for potential indicators by Western blot analysis. Subsequent meta-analysis was completed on these selected indicators. In platelets of aMCI patients, the AβPP ratio level was significantly lower and levels of P-tau231 and Ser396/404 phosphorylated tau were significantly higher. Moreover, in aMCI patients, a negative correlation was observed between platelet P-tau231 level and the Trail Making Tests A score, and it was found that higher platelet P-tau231 levels significantly associated with a worse performance of information processing speed. Furthermore, values of the area under the curve of platelet P-tau231 and Ser396/404 phosphorylated tau were 0.624 and 0.657, respectively. Finally, a meta-analysis indicated platelet AβPP ratio level was significantly lower in MCI cohorts. In conclusion, platelets of aMCI subjects showed a lower AβPP ratio and higher levels of P-tau231 and Ser396/404 phosphorylated tau when compared to normal controls, which may be critical in identifying early AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachen Shi
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lihua Gu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lijuan Gao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianli Zhu
- Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haisan Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Chunming Xie
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
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30
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Wang H, Muthu Karuppan MK, Nair M, Lakshmana MK. Autophagy-Dependent Increased ADAM10 Mature Protein Induced by TFEB Overexpression Is Mediated Through PPARα. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2269-2283. [PMID: 33417226 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02230-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Nonamyloidogenic processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by augmenting ADAM10 is a promising therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore identification of molecular pathways that regulate ADAM10 expression is crucial. Autophagy is strongly dysregulated in AD, and TFEB was recently shown to be a master regulator of autophagy-lysosome pathway (ALP). Here, we report that TFEB expression in HeLa cells increased ADAM10 mature form by 72% (p < 0.01, n = 4), while TFEB knockdown by CRISPR strategy reduced ADAM10 mature form by 36% (p < 0.05, n = 4). Autophagy inhibition by 3-methyladenine (3-MA), but not bafilomycin A1 (BAF1), reduced ADAM10 mature form by 49% (p < 0.05, n = 4) in the TFEB expressing HeLa cells. Autophagy activation by 3 h of starvation increased ADAM10 to 91% (p < 0.001, n = 6) relative to 51% (p < 0.01, n = 6) in the nutrient-fed cells. Further, siRNAs targeted against PPARα in HeLa cells decreased ADAM10 levels by 28% (p < 0.05, n = 6) relative to the cells treated with scrambled siRNAs. Further, incubation of EGFP-TFEB expressing HeLa cells with PPARα antagonist, but not PPARβ or PPARγ antagonists, prevented TFEB-induced increase in ADAM10 levels. Importantly, flag-TFEB expression in the brain also increased ADAM10 by 60% (p < 0.05, n = 3) in the cortical and 34% (p < 0.001, n = 3) in the hippocampal homogenates. ADAM10 activity also increased by 57% (p < 0.01, n = 3) in the HeLa cells. Finally, TFEB-induced ADAM10 potentiation led to increased secretion of sAPPα by 154% (p < 0.001, n = 3) in the cortex and 62% (p < 0.001, n = 3) in the hippocampus. Thus, TFEB expression enhances nonamyloidogenic processing of APP. In conclusion, TFEB expression induces ADAM10 in an autophagy-dependent manner through PPARα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Wang
- Institute for Human Health & Disease Intervention (I-HEALTH), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Florida Atlantic University, 5353 Parkside Drive, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Mohan Kumar Muthu Karuppan
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, 11200, 8th Street, University Park, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Madhavan Nair
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, 11200, 8th Street, University Park, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Madepalli K Lakshmana
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, 11200, 8th Street, University Park, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
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Maurer S, Ferrari de Andrade L. NK Cell Interaction With Platelets and Myeloid Cells in the Tumor Milieu. Front Immunol 2020; 11:608849. [PMID: 33424862 PMCID: PMC7785787 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.608849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells recognize and kill tumor cells via germ-line encoded receptors and polarized degranulation of cytotoxic molecules, respectively. As such, NK cells help to inhibit the development of cancers. The activating receptor NKG2D induces NK cell-mediated killing of metastasizing tumor cells by recognition of the stress-induced ligands MICA, MICB, and ULBP1-6. However, platelets enable escape from this immune surveillance mechanism by obstructing the interactions between NK cells and tumor cells or by cleaving the stress-induced ligands. It is also being increasingly appreciated that NK cells play additional roles in cancer immunity, including chemokine-mediated recruitment of antigen presenting cells in the tumor microenvironment that is followed by generation of adaptive immunity. However, the NK cell interplays with dendritic cells, and macrophages are extremely complex and involve molecular interactions via NKG2D and cytokine receptors. Specifically, NKG2D-mediated chronic interaction between NK cells and tumor-infiltrating macrophages causes immune suppression by differentiating NK cells toward a dysfunctional state. Here we discuss the underlying mechanisms of NK cell control by platelets and myeloid cells with focus on NKG2D and its ligands, and provide a timely perspective on how to harness these pathways with novel immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Maurer
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lucas Ferrari de Andrade
- Precision Immunology Institute, Department of Oncological Sciences, and The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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Beyond Haemostasis and Thrombosis: Platelets in Depression and Its Co-Morbidities. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228817. [PMID: 33233416 PMCID: PMC7700239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alongside their function in primary haemostasis and thrombo-inflammation, platelets are increasingly considered a bridge between mental, immunological and coagulation-related disorders. This review focuses on the link between platelets and the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) and its most frequent comorbidities. Platelet- and neuron-shared proteins involved in MDD are functionally described. Platelet-related studies performed in the context of MDD, cardiovascular disease, and major neurodegenerative, neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders are transversally presented from an epidemiological, genetic and functional point of view. To provide a complete scenario, we report the analysis of original data on the epidemiological link between platelets and depression symptoms suggesting moderating and interactive effects of sex on this association. Epidemiological and genetic studies discussed suggest that blood platelets might also be relevant biomarkers of MDD prediction and occurrence in the context of MDD comorbidities. Finally, this review has the ambition to formulate some directives and perspectives for future research on this topic.
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Manzine PR, Vatanabe IP, Peron R, Grigoli MM, Pedroso RV, Nascimento CMC, Cominetti MR. Blood-based Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease: The Long and Winding Road. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1300-1315. [PMID: 31942855 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200114105515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood-based biomarkers can be very useful in formulating new diagnostic and treatment proposals in the field of dementia, especially in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, due to the influence of several factors on the reproducibility and reliability of these markers, their clinical use is still very uncertain. Thus, up-to-date knowledge about the main blood biomarkers that are currently being studied is extremely important in order to discover clinically useful and applicable tools, which could also be used as novel pharmacological strategies for the AD treatment. METHODS A narrative review was performed based on the current candidates of blood-based biomarkers for AD to show the main results from different studies, focusing on their clinical applicability and association with AD pathogenesis. OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper was to carry out a literature review on the major blood-based biomarkers for AD, connecting them with the pathophysiology of the disease. RESULTS Recent advances in the search of blood-based AD biomarkers were summarized in this review. The biomarkers were classified according to the topics related to the main hallmarks of the disease such as inflammation, amyloid, and tau deposition, synaptic degeneration and oxidative stress. Moreover, molecules involved in the regulation of proteins related to these hallmarks were described, such as non-coding RNAs, neurotrophins, growth factors and metabolites. Cells or cellular components with the potential to be considered as blood-based AD biomarkers were described in a separate topic. CONCLUSION A series of limitations undermine new discoveries on blood-based AD biomarkers. The lack of reproducibility of findings due to the small size and heterogeneity of the study population, different analytical methods and other assay conditions make longitudinal studies necessary in this field to validate these structures, especially when considering a clinical evaluation that includes a broad panel of these potential and promising blood-based biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia R Manzine
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, Km 235, Monjolinho, CEP 13565-905, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Izabela P Vatanabe
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, Km 235, Monjolinho, CEP 13565-905, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Peron
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, Km 235, Monjolinho, CEP 13565-905, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina M Grigoli
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, Km 235, Monjolinho, CEP 13565-905, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata V Pedroso
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, Km 235, Monjolinho, CEP 13565-905, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla M C Nascimento
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, Km 235, Monjolinho, CEP 13565-905, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcia R Cominetti
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, Km 235, Monjolinho, CEP 13565-905, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Elsworthy RJ, Aldred S. Depression in Alzheimer's Disease: An Alternative Role for Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors? J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 69:651-661. [PMID: 31104017 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a common co-morbidity seen in people with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the successful treatment of depressive symptoms in people with AD is rarely seen. In fact, multiple randomized controlled trials have shown selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), the current best recommended treatment for depression, to be ineffective in treating depressive symptoms in people with AD. One explanation for this lack of treatment effect may be that depressive symptoms can reflect the progression of AD, rather than clinical depression and are a consequence of more severe neurodegeneration. This raises several questions regarding not only the efficacy of SSRIs in the treatment of depression in people with AD but also regarding the accuracy of diagnosis of depression in AD. However, there may be a rationale for the prescription of SSRIs in early AD. Even in the absence of depression, SSRIs have been shown to slow the conversion from mild cognitive impairment to AD. This may be attributed to the effect of SSRIs on the processing of amyloid-β precursor protein, which may cause a reduction in the accumulation of amyloid-β. Thus, although SSRIs may lack efficacy in treating depression in people with AD, they may hold therapeutic potential for treating and delaying the progression of AD especially if treatment begins in the early stages of AD. This article reviews the current consensus for SSRI treatment of depression in people with AD and highlights the possibility of SSRIs being a treatment option for delaying the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Elsworthy
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Sarah Aldred
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
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Lancour D, Dupuis J, Mayeux R, Haines JL, Pericak-Vance MA, Schellenberg GC, Crovella M, Farrer LA, Kasif S. Analysis of brain region-specific co-expression networks reveals clustering of established and novel genes associated with Alzheimer disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2020; 12:103. [PMID: 32878640 PMCID: PMC7469336 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-00674-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying and understanding the functional role of genetic risk factors for Alzheimer disease (AD) has been complicated by the variability of genetic influences across brain regions and confounding with age-related neurodegeneration. METHODS A gene co-expression network was constructed using data obtained from the Allen Brain Atlas for multiple brain regions (cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and brain stem) in six individuals. Gene network analyses were seeded with 52 reproducible (i.e., established) AD (RAD) genes. Genome-wide association study summary data were integrated with the gene co-expression results and phenotypic information (i.e., memory and aging-related outcomes) from gene knockout studies in Drosophila to generate rankings for other genes that may have a role in AD. RESULTS We found that co-expression of the RAD genes is strongest in the cortical regions where neurodegeneration due to AD is most severe. There was significant evidence for two novel AD-related genes including EPS8 (FDR p = 8.77 × 10-3) and HSPA2 (FDR p = 0.245). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that AD-related risk factors are potentially associated with brain region-specific effects on gene expression that can be detected using a gene network approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lancour
- Bioinformatics Graduate Program, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics E200), Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord St., Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Richard Mayeux
- Department of Neurology and Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
| | - Jonathan L. Haines
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH USA
| | | | - Gerard C. Schellenberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Mark Crovella
- Bioinformatics Graduate Program, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Computer Science, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Lindsay A. Farrer
- Bioinformatics Graduate Program, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics E200), Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord St., Boston, MA 02118 USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Simon Kasif
- Bioinformatics Graduate Program, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
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Liu S, Gao J, Zhu M, Liu K, Zhang HL. Gut Microbiota and Dysbiosis in Alzheimer's Disease: Implications for Pathogenesis and Treatment. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:5026-5043. [PMID: 32829453 PMCID: PMC7541367 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02073-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how gut flora influences gut-brain communications has been the subject of significant research over the past decade. The broadening of the term “microbiota-gut-brain axis” from “gut-brain axis” underscores a bidirectional communication system between the gut and the brain. The microbiota-gut-brain axis involves metabolic, endocrine, neural, and immune pathways which are crucial for the maintenance of brain homeostasis. Alterations in the composition of gut microbiota are associated with multiple neuropsychiatric disorders. Although a causal relationship between gut dysbiosis and neural dysfunction remains elusive, emerging evidence indicates that gut dysbiosis may promote amyloid-beta aggregation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Illustration of the mechanisms underlying the regulation by gut microbiota may pave the way for developing novel therapeutic strategies for AD. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of gut microbiota and their dysregulation in the pathogenesis of AD. Novel insights into the modification of gut microbiota composition as a preventive or therapeutic approach for AD are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liu
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jiguo Gao
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Mingqin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71, Changchun, 130021, China.,Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Neurology and Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kangding Liu
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Hong-Liang Zhang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Shuangqing Road 83, Beijing, 100085, China.
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de Oliveira TR, Erbereli CR, Manzine PR, Magalhães TNC, Balthazar MLF, Cominetti MR, Faria RC. Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease in Blood Using a Disposable Electrochemical Microfluidic Platform. ACS Sens 2020; 5:1010-1019. [PMID: 32207606 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b02463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition that affects a large number of elderly people worldwide and has a high social and economic impact. The diagnosis of AD in early stage can significantly improve the evolution and prognosis of the disease. We report the use of A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10) as a blood biomarker for the early diagnosis of AD. A simple, low-cost, sensitive, and disposable microfluidic platform (DμP) was developed for ADAM10 detection in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid based on electrochemical immunosensors. The assay was designed to accurately detect ADAM10 in serum, with a limit of detection of 0.35 fg/mL. ADAM10 was detected in subjects divided into cognitively healthy subjects, subjects with mild cognitive impairment, and AD patients in different disease stages. An increase in protein levels was found throughout the disease, and good DμP accuracy in differentiating individuals was observed. The DμP provided significantly better sensitivity than the well-established enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test. ADAM10 and its detection using the DμP were proven to be an alternative tool for the early diagnosis and monitoring of AD, bringing new exciting possibilities to improve the quality of life of AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tássia R. de Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Camila R. Erbereli
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Patricia R. Manzine
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | | | | | - Márcia R. Cominetti
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo C. Faria
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
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Tereshkina EB, Boksha IS, Prokhorova TA, Savushkina OK, Burbaeva GS, Morozova MA, Mukaetova-Ladinska EB. Decrease in 130 kDa- amyloid protein precursor protein (APP) and APP protein ratio in schizophrenia platelets. Neurosci Lett 2020; 725:134914. [PMID: 32194134 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.134914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction is common among people with schizophrenia. The molecular substrates underlying this remain poorly understood. To address this, we analyzed changes in amyloid precursor protein (APP) in platelets of people with acute schizophrenia (n=24) and control subjects (n=20) by ECL-immunoblotting. APP bands corresponding to molecular masses of ∼130, ∼110 and ∼100 kDa, and the APP ratio (APPr: highest APP molecular mass vs lowest APP molecular mass bands) were quantified. The intensity of 130 kDa-APP and the APPr were significantly reduced in schizophrenia patients compared to control subjects. The age-associated decreases in the 130 kDa, ∼110 kDa proteins and APPr were present in patients, but not controls. Our results confirm peripheral APP metabolism is altered in people with schizophrenia. Further work is now warranted on a larger sample of diseased subjects with detailed cognitive assessment to determine the APP role in cognitive processing in schizophrenia, how it is related to severity and disease progression, as well as outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - I S Boksha
- Mental Health Research Centre, Moscow, Russia; N. F. Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia.
| | | | | | | | | | - E B Mukaetova-Ladinska
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behavior, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK; The Evington Centre, Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Rd, Leicester LE5 4QG, UK
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Elsworthy RJ, Aldred S. The effect of age and obesity on platelet amyloid precursor protein processing and plasma markers of oxidative stress and inflammation. Exp Gerontol 2020; 132:110838. [PMID: 31981682 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Advancing age is a major risk factor for a range of diseases such as, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, over a third of the population are overweight and obesity is becoming more prevalent in younger people. Ageing and obesity are both linked to a chronic proinflammatory state and elevated oxidative stress, which have both been implicated in cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Platelets contain all the necessary machinery to process the Amyloid precursor protein AβPP, a pathway thought to be perturbed in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). The ratio of AβPP isoforms present in platelets, and the amount of alpha secretase ADAM10, that works to process AβPP, appear to be associated with cognitive decline and a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. The aim of this study was to assess changes in AβPP ratio, ADAM10 and markers of inflammation and oxidative stress with ageing and obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety participants were recruited to this study to provide one blood sample. Platelet-rich plasma and platelet lysates were collected and the expression of AβPPr, proADAM10 and mADAM10 was assessed by Western blotting. In addition, markers of inflammation (IL-6) and oxidative stress (8-Isoprostane) were assessed in plasma. RESULTS Participants were placed into one of four groups based on their age and body mass index (Young/Lean, Young/obese, Old/Lean and Old/Obese). IL-6 was able to significantly distinguish obese from lean participants (AUC of 0.80, SE = 0.05, P < 0.001). Plasma isoprostanes were able to distinguish between both young/old (AUC of 0.73, SE = 0.05, P < 0.01), and obese/non-obese participants (AUC of 0.66, SE = 0.01, P < 0.01). Plasma protein carbonyls could distinguish young and old participants (AUC of 0.69, SE = 0.07 P < 0.02). Old Lean participants had significantly lower mADAM10 expression than both Young Lean and Young Obese participants (p < 0.05). Old obese participants had significantly lower proADAM10 expression compared to both Young Lean and Young Obese (p < 0.05). Both mADAM10 and proADAM10 were significantly decreased with advancing age (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The findings presented in this study provide evidence that blood-based biomarkers related to the pathology of AD are altered with age and obesity in otherwise healthy adults. Ageing was more strongly associated with elevated markers of oxidative stress whereas obesity was associated with elevated inflammatory IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Elsworthy
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Sarah Aldred
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK.
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Guo W, Zhou M, Qiu J, Lin Y, Chen X, Huang S, Mo M, Liu H, Peng G, Zhu X, Xu P. Association of LAG3 genetic variation with an increased risk of PD in Chinese female population. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:270. [PMID: 31847878 PMCID: PMC6918662 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1654-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence suggests that α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation and intercellular transmission contributes to pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and the toxic fibrillary α-syn binds lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG3) receptor that mediates α-syn transmission. The deletion of LAG3 in animal models was shown to limit α-syn spreading and alleviate the pathological changes of dopaminergic neurons and animal behavioral deficits induced by α-syn aggregation. However, little is known about the genetic association of LAG3 variation with human PD development. Objective Here we investigated LAG3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and examined the levels of soluble LAG3 (sLAG3) of CSF and serum from Chinese PD patients. Methods We enrolled 646 PD patients and 536 healthy controls to conduct a case-control study. All the participants were genotyped using Sequenom iPLEX Assay and the partial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples were assessed by Meso Scale Discovery electrochemiluminescence (MSD-ECL) immunoassay to measure sLAG3 concentration. Results As a result, distributions of rs1922452-AA (1.975, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.311–2.888, p = 0.001) and rs951818-CC (OR = 2.03, 95% CI 1.369–3.010, p = 0.001) genotype frequencies were found higher in the female PD patients than controls, respectively, and a strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) was calculated on the variants. The level of sLAG3 in CSF of PD patients was found to significantly differ from that of controls (51.56 ± 15.05 pg/ml vs 88.49 ± 62.96 pg/ml, p < 0.0001). Meanwhile, the concentration of α-synuclein in CSF of patients was significantly lower than that of controls (939.9 ± 2900 pg/ml vs 2476 ± 4403 pg/ml, p < 0.0001) and the level of sLAG3 was detected to be positive correlation with that of α-synuclein in the control group (r = 0.597, p = 0.0042), but not in PD group (r = 0.111, p = 0.408). Conclusion In summary, our data suggested that LAG3 SNPs increase the PD risk of Chinese female population and the sLAG3 may be a potential biomarker predicted for PD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Guo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jiewen Qiu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yuwan Lin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Shuxuan Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Mingshu Mo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Hanqun Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Guoyou Peng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Pingyi Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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Gao Q, Wang Y, Wang X, Fu S, Zhang X, Wang RT, Zhang X. Decreased levels of circulating trimethylamine N-oxide alleviate cognitive and pathological deterioration in transgenic mice: a potential therapeutic approach for Alzheimer's disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:8642-8663. [PMID: 31612864 PMCID: PMC6814608 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite of gut microbiota, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the mechanisms by which TMAO influence cognitive and pathological processes in the AD have not been investigated. In this study, we found that the circulating TMAO levels displayed an age-related increase in both WT and APP/PS1 mice and association with AD-like behavioral and pathological profile. Reduced TMAO by 3,3-Dimethyl-1-butanol (DMB) treatment ameliorated the cognitive deterioration and long-term potentiation (LTP) in APP/PS1 mice. Moreover, DMB treatment also induced a decrease in the Amyloid-β (Aβ)1-42, β-secretase, and β-secretase-cleaved C-terminal fragment (βCTF) levels in the hippocampus. Finally, the effects obtained after treatment with DMB were accompanied by a reduction in circulating clusterin levels and hippocampal neuroinflammatory status in APP/PS1 mice. These findings demonstrate that elevated circulating TMAO during the aging process might deteriorate cognitive function and pathology in APP/PS1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Shuang Fu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Rui-Tao Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
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Socha K, Fife E, Kroc Ł, Kostka T. The association between platelet indices, cognitive screening tests and functional dependence screening questionnaires in hospitalized older people. Eur Geriatr Med 2019; 10:785-791. [PMID: 34652696 DOI: 10.1007/s41999-019-00214-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Activated platelets have been suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of dementia. Recent studies have shown contradictory results concerning the relationship between blood platelet indices and cognitive performance. METHODS This cross-sectional study evaluates the relationship between basic platelet indices and cognitive and functional performance of 754 men and women, aged 60-105 years old, admitted to the geriatric hospital unit. Assessment of global cognitive function and functional ability were performed using Mini-Mental State Examination, the seven-point Clock Drawing Test, the Katz Activities of Daily Living, the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale and the Vulnerable Elders Survey Questionnaire. As platelet indices, platelet count, mean platelet volume, plateletcrit and platelet distribution width were measured. RESULTS There was no significant correlation between cognitive performance and platelet indices. Out of the functional dependence questionnaires, only the Katz Activities of Daily Living and the Vulnerable Elders Survey Questionnaire were weakly correlated with platelet count (r = - 0.080 and r = 0.096) and plateletcrit (r = - 0.075 and 0.082, respectively), but these associations diminished in sex-specific analyses. CONCLUSIONS Cognitive and functional status are not systematically related to platelet indices in multimorbid hospitalized older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Socha
- Department of Geriatrics, Medical University of Lodz, Pieniny 30, 92-115, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Elizaveta Fife
- Department of Geriatrics, Medical University of Lodz, Pieniny 30, 92-115, Lodz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Kroc
- Department of Geriatrics, Medical University of Lodz, Pieniny 30, 92-115, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kostka
- Department of Geriatrics, Medical University of Lodz, Pieniny 30, 92-115, Lodz, Poland
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Wiest I, Wiemers T, Kraus MJ, Neeb H, Strasser EF, Hausner L, Frölich L, Bugert P. Multivariate Platelet Analysis Differentiates Between Patients with Alzheimer's Disease and Healthy Controls at First Clinical Diagnosis. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 71:993-1004. [PMID: 31450503 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is challenging, and easily accessible biomarkers are an unmet need. Blood platelets frequently serve as peripheral model for studying AD pathogenesis and might represent a reasonable biomarker source. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we investigated the potential to differentiate AD patients from healthy controls (HC) based on blood count, platelet morphology, and function as well as molecular markers at the time of first clinical diagnosis. METHODS Blood samples from 40 AD patients and 29 age-matched HC were included for determination of 78 parameter by blood counting, platelet morphometry, aggregometry, flow cytometry (CD62P, CD63, activated fibrinogen receptor), protein quantification of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α7 (nAChRα7) and caveolin-1 (CAV-1), and miRNA quantification (miR-26b, miR-199a, miR-335). Group comparison between patients and controls was performed in univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. RESULTS AD patients showed significantly lower aggregation response to ADP and arachidonic acid and significantly decreased CD62P and CD63 surface expression induced by ADP and U46619 compared to HC. Relative nAChRα7 and CAV-1 expression was significantly higher AD platelets than in HC. Multivariate analysis of 63 parameter revealed significant differences between AD patients and healthy controls. The best performing feature model revealed a sensitivity of 96.6%, a specificity of 80.0%, and a positive predictive value of 89.3%. No grouping could be achieved by using single parameter groups. CONCLUSION Significant differences between platelet characteristics from AD patients and HC at the time of first clinical diagnosis were observed. The best performing parameter can be used as a blood-based biomarker for AD diagnosis in a multivariate model in addition to the standardized mental tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Wiest
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Mannheim, German Red Cross Blood Service of Baden-Württemberg - Hessen gGmbH, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tim Wiemers
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Mannheim, German Red Cross Blood Service of Baden-Württemberg - Hessen gGmbH, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Max-Joseph Kraus
- Geiselgasteig Ambulance Gruenwald, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Medical Engineering and Information Processing, University of Koblenz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Heiko Neeb
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Information Processing, University of Koblenz, Mainz, Germany.,Multimodal Imaging Physics Group, University of Applied Sciences Koblenz, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Erwin F Strasser
- Department of Transfusion and Hemostaseology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lucrezia Hausner
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Central Institute for Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lutz Frölich
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Central Institute for Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter Bugert
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Mannheim, German Red Cross Blood Service of Baden-Württemberg - Hessen gGmbH, Mannheim, Germany
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44
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Morrissey JA, Mockett BG, Singh A, Kweon D, Ohline SM, Tate WP, Hughes SM, Abraham WC. A C-terminal peptide from secreted amyloid precursor protein-α enhances long-term potentiation in rats and a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neuropharmacology 2019; 157:107670. [PMID: 31202608 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Processing of the amyloid precursor protein by alternative secretases results in ectodomain shedding of either secreted amyloid precursor protein-α (sAPPα) or its counterpart secreted amyloid precursor protein-β (sAPPβ). Although sAPPα contains only 16 additional amino acids at its C-terminus compared to sAPPβ, it displays significantly greater potency in neuroprotection, neurotrophism and enhancement of long-term potentiation (LTP). In the current study, this 16 amino acid peptide sequence (CTα16) was characterised for its ability to replicate the synaptic plasticity-enhancing properties of sAPPα. An N-acetylated version of CTα16 produced concentration-dependent increases in the induction and persistence of LTP at Schaffer collateral/commissural synapses in area CA1 of young adult rat hippocampal slices. A scrambled peptide had no effect. CTα16 significantly enhanced de novo protein synthesis, and correspondingly its enhancement of LTP was blocked by the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide, as well as by the α7-nicotinic receptor blocker α-bungarotoxin. The impaired LTP of 14-16 month old APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mice, a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, was completely restored to the wild-type level by CTα16. These results indicate that the CTα16 peptide fragment of sAPPα mimics the larger protein's functionality with respect to LTP, stimulation of protein synthesis and activation of α7-nAChRs, and thus like sAPPα may have potential as a therapeutic agent against the plasticity and cognitive deficits observed in AD and other neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi A Morrissey
- Department of Psychology, Brain Health Research Centre, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Department of Biochemistry, Brain Health Research Centre, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Bruce G Mockett
- Department of Psychology, Brain Health Research Centre, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Anurag Singh
- Department of Psychology, Brain Health Research Centre, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - David Kweon
- Department of Psychology, Brain Health Research Centre, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Shane M Ohline
- Department of Psychology, Brain Health Research Centre, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Warren P Tate
- Department of Biochemistry, Brain Health Research Centre, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Stephanie M Hughes
- Department of Biochemistry, Brain Health Research Centre, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Wickliffe C Abraham
- Department of Psychology, Brain Health Research Centre, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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45
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Akingbade OES, Gibson C, Kalaria RN, Mukaetova-Ladinska EB. Platelets: Peripheral Biomarkers of Dementia? J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 63:1235-1259. [PMID: 29843245 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Dementia continues to be the most burdening neurocognitive disorder, having a negative impact on the lives of millions. The search for biomarkers to improve the clinical diagnosis of dementia is ongoing, with the focus on effective use of readily accessible peripheral markers. In this review, we concentrate on platelets as biomarkers of dementia and analyze their potential as easily-accessible clinical biomarkers for various subtypes of dementia. Current platelet protein biomarkers that have been investigated for their clinical utility in the diagnosis of dementia, in particular Alzheimer's disease, include amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP), the AβPP secretases (BACE1 and ADAM10), α-synuclein, tau protein, serotonin, cholesterol, phospholipases, clusterin, IgG, surface receptors, MAO-B, and coated platelets. Few of them, i.e., platelet tau, AβPP (particularly with regards to coated platelets) and secreted ADAM10 and BACE1 show the most promise to be taken forward into clinical setting to diagnose dementia. Aside from protein biomarkers, changes in factors such as mean platelet volume have the potential to play a very specific role in both the dementia diagnosis and prognosis. This review raises a number of research questions for consideration before application of the above biomarkers to routine clinical setting. It is without doubt that there is a need for more clarification on the effects of dementia on platelet morphology and protein content before these changes can be clinically applied as dementia biomarkers and explored further in differentiating distinct dementia subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatomi E S Akingbade
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,School of Life Sciences, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Claire Gibson
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Raj N Kalaria
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Elizabeta B Mukaetova-Ladinska
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,Evington Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
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46
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Kondo M, Yamada H, Munetsuna E, Yamazaki M, Hatta T, Iwahara A, Ohashi K, Ishikawa H, Tsuboi Y, Inoue T, Fujii R, Suzuki K. Associations of serum microRNA-20a, -27a, and -103a with cognitive function in a Japanese population: The Yakumo study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2019; 82:155-160. [PMID: 30802839 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES MicroRNAs (miRNAs) dysregulate gene expression by binding to target messenger RNAs, and play an important role in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including cancers, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Circulating miRNAs have increasingly been recognized as biomarkers for detecting and diagnosing those diseases. Few studies have investigated the association of circulating miRNA with the early stages of cognitive impairment, such as mild cognitive impairment, in the general population. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between cognitive function and several serum miRNAs levels related to amyloid precursor protein (APP) proteolysis in a Japanese general population who had never been diagnosed with dementia. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of 337 Japanese subjects (144 men, 193 women) who attended a health examination. The short form of the Mini-Mental State Examination (SMMSE) was used to assess cognitive function. Serum levels of 6 miRNAs (let-7d, miR-17, miR-20a, miR-27a, miR-34a, miR-103a) were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for lower SMMSE score (SMMSE score < 28) were significantly increased in the lowest tertile of serum miR-20a (OR, 2.08; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.09-4.04) and miR-103a (OR, 1.91; 95%CI, 1.00-3.69) compared to the highest tertile. Moreover, serum levels of miR-20a, -27a, and -103a were linearly and positively associated with SMMSE scores after adjustment for confounding factors. CONCLUSION Low serum levels of miR-20a, -27a, and -103a are independently associated with cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Kondo
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroya Yamada
- Department of Hygiene, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Eiji Munetsuna
- Department of Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Mirai Yamazaki
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hatta
- Department of Health Sciences, Kansai University of Welfare Sciences Faculty of Health and Welfare, 3-11-1 Asahigaoka, Kashiwara, Osaka, 582-0026, Japan
| | - Akihiko Iwahara
- Department of Education, Kyoto Women's University Faculty of Human Development and Education, 35 Kitahiyoshi-cho, Imakumano, Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto, 605-8501, Japan
| | - Koji Ohashi
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ishikawa
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Tsuboi
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Takashi Inoue
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan; Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Fujii
- Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Koji Suzuki
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan; Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan.
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47
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Sepúlveda C, Hernández B, Burgos CF, Fuentes E, Palomo I, Alarcón M. The cAMP/PKA Pathway Inhibits Beta-amyloid Peptide Release from Human Platelets. Neuroscience 2018; 397:159-171. [PMID: 30496824 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The main component of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ), the brain of these patients is characterized by deposits in the parenchyma and cerebral blood vessels known as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). On the other hand, the platelets are the major source of the Aβ peptide in circulation and once secreted can activate the platelets and endothelial cells producing the secretion of several inflammatory mediators that finally end up unchaining the CAA and later AD. In the present study we demonstrate that cAMP/PKA pathway plays key roles in the regulation of calpain activation and secretion of Aβ in human platelets. We confirmed that inhibition of platelet functionality occurred when platelets were incubated with forskolin (molecule that rapidly increased cAMP levels). In this sense we found that platelets pre-incubated with forskolin (20 μM) present a complete inhibition of calpain activity and this effect is reversed using an inhibitor of protein kinase A. Consequentially, when platelets were inhibited by forskolin a reduction in the processing of the APP with the consequent decrease in the Aβ peptide secretion was observed. Therefore our study provides novel insight in relation to the mechanism of processing and release of the Aβ peptide from human platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sepúlveda
- Thrombosis Reasearch Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Chile; Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), CONICYT-Regional, Gore Maule, R09I2001 Talca, Chile
| | - B Hernández
- Thrombosis Reasearch Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Chile; Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), CONICYT-Regional, Gore Maule, R09I2001 Talca, Chile
| | - C F Burgos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - E Fuentes
- Thrombosis Reasearch Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Chile; Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), CONICYT-Regional, Gore Maule, R09I2001 Talca, Chile
| | - I Palomo
- Thrombosis Reasearch Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Chile; Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), CONICYT-Regional, Gore Maule, R09I2001 Talca, Chile
| | - M Alarcón
- Thrombosis Reasearch Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Chile; Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), CONICYT-Regional, Gore Maule, R09I2001 Talca, Chile.
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48
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The Correlations of Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Amyloid-Beta Levels with Platelet Count in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7302045. [PMID: 30410937 PMCID: PMC6205107 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7302045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Recent study shows that blood-derived amyloid-beta (Aβ) can induce cerebral amyloidosis and is involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The vast majority of blood Aβ is generated from platelet. Whether blood Aβ levels are associated with the count of platelets remains unknown. Methods 58 clinically diagnosed AD patients, 18 11C-PIB-PET diagnosed AD patients, and 61 age- and gender-matched cognitively normal controls were included to analyze the correlation of plasma Aβ levels with platelet count. 13 AD patients and 40 controls with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were included to further analyze the correlation of CSF Aβ levels with platelet count. Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels in plasma and CSF were measured by ELISA kits. Results The plasma Aβ42 level was positively correlated with platelet count in both AD patients and control group, especially in AD patients with positive PIB-PET, while there was no correlation as to Aβ40. The CSF Aβ levels also had no significant correlation with platelet count. Conclusion It suggests that platelets may be involved in the pathogenesis of AD and become a potential peripheral biomarker for AD.
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49
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Tranah GJ, Maglione JE, Yaffe K, Katzman SM, Manini TM, Kritchevsky S, Newman AB, Harris TB, Cummings SR. Mitochondrial DNA m.13514G>A heteroplasmy is associated with depressive symptoms in the elderly. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2018; 33:1319-1326. [PMID: 29984425 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) heteroplasmy is a mixture of normal and mutated mtDNA molecules in a cell. High levels of heteroplasmy at several mtDNA sites in complex I lead to inherited neurological neurologic diseases and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities. Here, we test the hypothesis that mtDNA heteroplasmy at these complex I sites is associated with depressive symptoms in the elderly. METHODS We examined platelet mtDNA heteroplasmy for associations with depressive symptoms among 137 participants over age 70 from the community-based Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 10-point version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D 10). Complete mtDNA sequencing was performed and heteroplasmy derived for 5 mtDNA sites associated with neurologic mitochondrial diseases and tested for associations with depressive symptoms. RESULTS Of 5 candidate complex I mtDNA mutations examined for effects on depressive symptoms, increased heteroplasmy at m.13514A>G, ND5, was significantly associated with higher CES-D score (P = .01). A statistically significant interaction between m.13514A > G heteroplasmy and sex was detected (P = .04); in sex-stratified analyses, the impact of m.13514A>G heteroplasmy was stronger in male (P = .003) than in female (P = .98) participants. Men in highest tertile of mtDNA heteroplasmy exhibited significantly higher (P = .0001) mean ± SE CES-D 10 scores, 5.37 ± 0.58, when compared with those in the middle, 2.13 ± 0.52, and lowest tertiles, 2.47 ± 0.58. No associations between the 4 other candidate sites and depressive symptoms were observed. CONCLUSIONS Increased mtDNA heteroplasmy at m.13514A>G is associated with depressive symptoms in older men. Heteroplasmy may represent a novel biological risk factor for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J Tranah
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeanne E Maglione
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- University of California, San Francisco, Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Epidemiology, San Francisco, CA, USA.,San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Todd M Manini
- University of Florida, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Stephen Kritchevsky
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Sticht Center on Aging, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Anne B Newman
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Epidemiology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tamara B Harris
- National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Steven R Cummings
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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50
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G V, S K, Sureshkumar, G S, S S, Preethikrishnan, S D, A S, D B, Riya, P V. Therapeutic impact of rHuEPO on abnormal platelet APP, BACE 1, presenilin 1, ADAM 10 and Aβ expressions in chronic kidney disease patients with cognitive dysfunction like Alzheimer's disease: A pilot study. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 104:211-222. [PMID: 29775888 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive dysfunction is reported to be a major cause of morbidity in chronic kidney disease (CKD). The senile plaques (SPs) in the brain are one of the most pathophysiological characteristics of cognitive dysfunction and its major constituent amyloid β (Aβ) released from amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β (BACE1) and γ (presenilin 1) secretases . Platelets contain more than 95% of the circulating APP and implicate as a candidate biomarker for cognitive decline. Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) is a standard therapy for anemia in CKD and also acts as a neuroprotective agent. The aim of the study is to determine the impact of rHuEPO therapy on platelet APP processing in CKD with Cognitive Dysfunction. METHODS A total of 60 subjects comprising of 30 CKD without cognitive dysfunction and 30 CKD with cognitive dysfunction based on neuropsychological assessment. APP, BACE1, Presenilin 1, ADAM 10 (α secretase) and Aβ expressions in platelets were determined by western blotting and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in platelet rich plasma (PRP) was done by spectrophotometrically. The parameters were statistically compared with Alzheimer's disease (AD), Normocytic normochromic anemic and healthy subjects. RESULTS Significantly (p < 0.05) decreased APP, ADAM 10 while increased BACE1, Presenilin 1, Aβ and LPO were observed in CKD with cognitive dysfunction like AD subjects compared to other groups. The parameters were reassessed in CKD with cognitive dysfunction subjects after rHuEPO (100 IU/ kg, weekly twice, 6 months) therapy. All the parameters were retrieved significantly (p < 0.05) along with improved neuropsychological tests scoring after rHuEPO therapy. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that rHuEPO is an effective neuroprotective agent in the context of CKD associated cognitive dysfunction and proved its clinical usefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinothkumar G
- Department of Medical Research, SRM Medical college Hospital, SRM University, Chennai, India
| | - Krishnakumar S
- Department of Nephrology, SRM Medical college Hospital, SRM University, Chennai, India
| | - Sureshkumar
- Department of Neurology, Balaji Medical college Hospital, Chrompet, Chennai, India
| | - Shivashekar G
- Department of Pathology, SRM Medical college Hospital, SRM University, Chennai, India
| | - Sreedhar S
- Department of Nephrology, SRM Medical college Hospital, SRM University, Chennai, India
| | - Preethikrishnan
- Department of Clinical Psychology, SRM Medical college Hospital, SRM University, Chennai, India
| | - Dinesh S
- Department of Clinical Psychology, SRM Medical college Hospital, SRM University, Chennai, India
| | - Sundaram A
- Department of Medical Research, SRM Medical college Hospital, SRM University, Chennai, India
| | - Balakrishnan D
- Department of Medical Research, SRM Medical college Hospital, SRM University, Chennai, India
| | - Riya
- Department of Clinical Psychology, SRM Medical college Hospital, SRM University, Chennai, India
| | - Venkataraman P
- Department of Medical Research, SRM Medical college Hospital, SRM University, Chennai, India.
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