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Ebright B, Duro MV, Chen K, Louie S, Yassine HN. Effects of APOE4 on omega-3 brain metabolism across the lifespan. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024:S1043-2760(24)00065-1. [PMID: 38609814 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have important roles in human nutrition and brain health by promoting neuronal functions, maintaining inflammatory homeostasis, and providing structural integrity. As Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology progresses, DHA metabolism in the brain becomes dysregulated, the timing and extent of which may be influenced by the apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE4) allele. Here, we discuss how maintaining adequate DHA intake early in life may slow the progression to AD dementia in cognitively normal individuals with APOE4, how recent advances in DHA brain imaging could offer insights leading to more personalized preventive strategies, and how alternative strategies targeting PUFA metabolism pathways may be more effective in mitigating disease progression in patients with existing AD dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Ebright
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Marlon V Duro
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Stan Louie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Hussein N Yassine
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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Xue Y, Wang L, Liu T, Zhao T, Xie K, Guo J, Chen J, Tang H, Tang M. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation improves memory in first-diagnosed, drug-naïve patients with depression: Secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord 2024; 350:403-410. [PMID: 38244783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cognitive impairments are found in most patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). It is believed that low Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) level raise the risk of anxiety, depressive symptoms and cognition dysfunction. Since our previous research has found n-3 PUFAs supplementation improves anxiety in MDD, this study was to further explore the effectiveness on cognitive impairment among depressed patients. METHODS A total of 72 venlafaxine treated outpatients with first-diagnosed, drug-naïve depression were enrolled. Daily n-3 PUFAs supplementation (2.4 g/d of fish oil, including 1440 mg eicosapentaenoic acid and 960 mg of docosahexaenoic acid) or placebo was used for 12 weeks. Cognitive function, measure by repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status ([RBANS]) scores, was compared over time. RESULTS Immediate memory, delayed memory and RBANS total scores were significant higher in both groups at week 4 and week 12 compared with baseline. Both groups exhibited improvement on attention scores at week 12. No significant differences were observed comparing n-3 PUFAs with placebo groups in the improvement of total RBANS scores and other subscales except in the change of immediate memory at both week 4 and week 12 (p < 0.05). LIMITATIONS Sample size was relatively low. Moreover, multiple ethnic populations and the income of patients should be considered. Lastly, we used raw scores instead of the standardized scores of RBANS. CONCLUSION N-3 PUFAs supplementation yielded a small but statistically significant improvement on immediate memory in first-diagnosed, drug-naïve depressed patients. While, antidepressant treatment resulted in significant improvement of cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Lu Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders and Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, National Center for Mental Disorders, and China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Tingyu Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Kaiqiang Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jimin Guo
- College of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jindong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, National Center for Mental Disorders, and China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, National Center for Mental Disorders, and China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Mimi Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
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Pausova Z, Sliz E. Large-Scale Population-Based Studies of Blood Metabolome and Brain Health. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 38509405 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2024_463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Metabolomics technologies enable the quantification of multiple metabolomic measures simultaneously, which provides novel insights into molecular aspects of human health and disease. In large-scale, population-based studies, blood is often the preferred biospecimen. Circulating metabolome may relate to brain health either by affecting or reflecting brain metabolism. Peripheral metabolites may act at or cross the blood-brain barrier and, subsequently, influence brain metabolism, or they may reflect brain metabolism if similar pathways are engaged. Peripheral metabolites may also include those penetrating the circulation from the brain, indicating, for example, brain damage. Most brain health-related metabolomics studies have been conducted in the context of neurodegenerative disorders and cognition, but some studies have also focused on neuroimaging markers of these disorders. Moreover, several metabolomics studies of neurodevelopmental disorders have been performed. Here, we provide a brief background on the types of blood metabolites commonly assessed, and we review the literature describing the relationships between human blood metabolome (n > 50 metabolites) and brain health reported in large-scale studies (n > 500 individuals).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdenka Pausova
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eeva Sliz
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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Wen J, Satyanarayanan SK, Li A, Yan L, Zhao Z, Yuan Q, Su KP, Su H. Unraveling the impact of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and glymphatic function. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 115:335-355. [PMID: 37914102 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other forms of dementia represent major public health challenges but effective therapeutic options are limited. Pathological brain aging is associated with microvascular changes and impaired clearance systems. The application of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 or omega-3 PUFAs) is one of the most promising nutritional interventions in neurodegenerative disorders from epidemiological data, clinical and pre-clinical studies. As essential components of neuronal membranes, n-3 PUFAs have shown neuroprotection and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as modulatory effects through microvascular pathophysiology, amyloid-beta (Aβ) clearance and glymphatic pathways. This review meticulously explores these underlying mechanisms that contribute to the beneficial effects of n-3 PUFAs against AD and dementia, synthesizing evidence from both animal and interventional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Senthil Kumaran Satyanarayanan
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
| | - Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Lingli Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Ziai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Qiuju Yuan
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Mind-Body Interface Research Center (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Huanxing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau.
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Bhuiyan NZ, Hasan MK, Mahmud Z, Hossain MS, Rahman A. Prevention of Alzheimer's disease through diet: An exploratory review. Metabol Open 2023; 20:100257. [PMID: 37781687 PMCID: PMC10539673 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2023.100257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This exploratory review article describes about the genetic factors behind Alzheimer's disease (AD), their association with foods, and their relationships with cognitive impairment. It explores the dietary patterns and economic challenges in AD prevention. Methods Scopus, PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for articles that examined the relationships between Diets, Alzheimer's Disease (AD), and Socioeconomic conditions in preventative Alzheimer's disease studies. Graphs and Network analysis data were taken from Scopus under the MeSH search method, including words, Alzheimer's, APoE4, Tau protein, APP, Amyloid precursor protein, Beta-Amyloid, Aβ, Mediterranean Diet, MD, DASH diet, MIND diet, SES, Socioeconomic, Developed country, Underdeveloped country, Preventions. The network analysis was done through VOS viewer. Results Mediterranean diet (MD) accurately lowers AD (Alzheimer's Disease) risk to 53% and 35% for people who follow it moderately. MIND scores had a statistically significant reduction in AD rate compared to those in the lowest tertial (53% and 35% reduction, respectively). Subjects with the highest adherence to the MD and DASH had a 54% and 39% lower risk of developing AD, respectively, compared to those in the lowest tertial. Omega-6, PUFA, found in nuts and fish, can play most roles in the clearance of Aβ. Vitamin D inhibits induced fibrillar Aβ apoptosis. However, the high cost of these diet components rise doubt about the effectiveness of AD prevention through healthy diets. Conclusion The finding of this study revealed an association between diet and the effects of the chemical components of foods on AD biomarkers. More research is required to see if nutrition is a risk or a protective factor for Alzheimer's disease to encourage research to be translated into therapeutic practice and to clarify nutritional advice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat Zahan Bhuiyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National University Bangladesh, Gazipur, 1704, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Kamrul Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National University Bangladesh, Gazipur, 1704, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Zimam Mahmud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Sabbir Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National University Bangladesh, Gazipur, 1704, Bangladesh
| | - Atiqur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
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Doughty KN, Blazek J, Leonard D, Barlow CE, DeFina LF, Omree Shuval, Farrell SW, Shuval K. Omega-3 index, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cognitive function in mid-age and older adults. Prev Med Rep 2023; 35:102364. [PMID: 37601829 PMCID: PMC10432782 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Higher levels of omega-3 fatty acids in red blood cell membranes (omega-3 index or O3I) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are each associated with reduced cognitive impairment, but little research has examined the relationship between O3I and cognitive function while accounting for CRF. We analyzed cross-sectional data from 5,464 healthy men and women aged 55-85 years who had preventive medical examinations between 2009 and 2023. Primary exposures included O3I (<4.0%, 4.0-7.9%, or ≥ 8.0%) and age- and sex-based CRF quintile (1 = low, 2-3 = moderate, 4-5 = high). Cognitive impairment was defined as a Montreal Cognitive Assessment score of ≤ 25. We used Poisson regression to estimate relative risks (RR) of cognitive impairment, controlling for covariates. O3I < 4% was associated with increased cognitive impairment relative to ≥ 8.0% (RR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.01-1.44) in a partially adjusted model. This association did not remain statistically significant in the fully adjusted model which included CRF. Low versus high CRF was associated with cognitive impairment (RR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.07-1.53), independent of O3I and clinical biomarkers. The interaction between CRF and O3I was not significant (P = 0.8). In joint association analysis, risk of cognitive impairment was elevated with lower omega-3 index or CRF or both. Additional research is needed to fully understand the association between O3I and cognitive function at varying CRF levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly N. Doughty
- Marion Peckham Egan School of Nursing & Health Studies, Fairfield University, Fairfield, CT, USA
| | - Juliana Blazek
- Department of Research, The Cooper Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - David Leonard
- Department of Research, The Cooper Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Laura F. DeFina
- Department of Research, The Cooper Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Kerem Shuval
- Department of Research, The Cooper Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
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Dhillon VS, Thomas P, Lee SL, Deo P, Fenech M. Red Blood Cell Fatty Acid Profiles Are Significantly Altered in South Australian Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease Cases Compared to Matched Controls. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14164. [PMID: 37762467 PMCID: PMC10531649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutritional imbalances have been associated with a higher risk for cognitive impairment. This study determined the red blood cell (RBC) fatty acid profile of newly diagnosed mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients compared to age and gender-matched controls. There was a significant increase in palmitic acid (p < 0.00001) for both MCI and AD groups. Saturated fatty acids were significantly elevated in the MCI group, including stearic acid (p = 0.0001), arachidic acid (p = 0.003), behenic acid (p = 0.0002), tricosanoic acid (p = 0.007) and lignoceric acid (p = 0.001). n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were significantly reduced in MCI, including linoleic acid (p = 0.001), γ-linolenic acid (p = 0.03), eicosatrienoic acid (p = 0.009) and arachidonic acid (p < 0.00004). The n-3 PUFAs, α-linolenic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, were both significantly reduced in MCI and AD (p = 0.0005 and p = 0.00003). A positive correlation was evident between the Mini-Mental State Examination score and nervonic acid in MCI (r = 0.54, p = 0.01) and a negative correlation with γ-linolenic acid in AD (r = -0.43, p = 0.05). Differences in fatty acid profiles may prove useful as potential biomarkers reflecting increased risk for dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varinderpal S. Dhillon
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (P.D.); (M.F.)
| | - Philip Thomas
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Adelaide 5000, Australia;
| | - Sau L. Lee
- College of Medical and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park 5042, Australia;
| | - Permal Deo
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (P.D.); (M.F.)
| | - Michael Fenech
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (P.D.); (M.F.)
- Genome Health Foundation, Adelaide 5048, Australia
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Loong S, Barnes S, Gatto NM, Chowdhury S, Lee GJ. Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Cognition, and Brain Volume in Older Adults. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1278. [PMID: 37759879 PMCID: PMC10526215 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13091278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The elderly population is growing at increased rates and is expected to double in size by 2050 in the United States and worldwide. The consumption of healthy foods and enriched diets have been associated with improved cognition and brain health. The key nutrients common to many healthy foods and diets are the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 FAs), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). We explored whether omega-3 FA levels are associated with brain volume and cognition. Forty healthy, cognitively normal, Seventh-day Adventist older adults (mean age 76.3 years at MRI scan, 22 females) completed neurocognitive testing, a blood draw, and structural neuroimaging from 2016 to 2018. EPA and an overall omega-3 index were associated with individual measures of delayed recall (RAVLT-DR) and processing speed (Stroop Color) as well as entorhinal cortex thickness. EPA, DHA, and the omega-3 index were significantly correlated with the total white matter volume. The entorhinal cortex, frontal pole, and total white matter were associated with higher scores on delayed memory recall. This exploratory study found that among healthy, cognitively older adults, increased levels of omega-3 FAs are associated with better memory, processing speed, and structural brain measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer Loong
- Department of Psychology, School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA;
| | - Samuel Barnes
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (S.B.)
| | - Nicole M. Gatto
- School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA;
| | - Shilpy Chowdhury
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (S.B.)
| | - Grace J. Lee
- Department of Psychology, School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA;
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Westra J, Annevelink C, Orchard T, Hou L, Harris WS, O'Connell TD, Shearer G, Tintle N. Genome-wide association study of Red Blood Cell fatty acids in the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2023; 194:102577. [PMID: 37285607 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2023.102577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite their widespread associations with a wide variety of disease phenotypes, the genetics of red blood cell fatty acids remains understudied. We present one of the first genome-wide association studies of red blood cell fatty acid levels, using the Women's Health Initiative Memory study - a prospective cohort of N = 7,479 women aged 65-79. Approximately 9 million SNPs were measured directly or imputed and, in separate linear models adjusted for age and genetic principal components of ethnicity, SNPs were used to predict 28 different fatty acids. SNPs were considered genome-wide significant using a standard genome-wide significance level of p < 1 × 10-8. Twelve separate loci were identified, seven of which replicated results of a prior RBC-FA GWAS. Of the five novel loci, two have functional annotations directly related to fatty acids (ELOVL6 and ACSL6). While overall explained variation is low, the twelve loci identified provide strong evidence of direct relationships between these genes and fatty acid levels. Further studies are needed to establish and confirm the biological mechanisms by which these genes may directly contribute to fatty acid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Westra
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, United States of America
| | - Carmen Annevelink
- Department of Nutrition, Penn State University, State College, PA, United States of America
| | - Tonya Orchard
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - William S Harris
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, United States of America; Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, United States of America
| | - Timothy D O'Connell
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Gregory Shearer
- Department of Nutrition, Penn State University, State College, PA, United States of America
| | - Nathan Tintle
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, United States of America; Department of Population Health Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois - Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America.
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Blood indices of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids are altered in hyperglycemia. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103577. [PMID: 36816730 PMCID: PMC9932443 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may favorably influence the risk and clinical course of diabetes mellitus (DM). In particular, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and arachidonic acid (AA) alleviate oxidative injury and insulin resistance characteristic of DM. Uncertainty still remains, however, as to the composition and proportions of blood PUFAs in relation to fasting blood glucose levels. This study, thus, aims to examine the patterns of blood PUFA indices in normoglycemic (NG) and hyperglycemic (HG) Saudi subjects. Age, gender, FA profiles, and laboratory records of 143 subjects collected from September 2014 to March 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Means, prevalence rates, associations, risk measures, and the diagnostic accuracy of PUFAs were determined. HG subjects had significantly lower AA (0.70%, 95% CI: 0.59-0.80% vs 0.46%, 95% CI: 0.38-0.53%) and higher EPA/AA ratio (0.36, 95% CI: 0.30-0.42 vs 0.69, 95% CI: 0.61-0.77). Gender-wise comparisons revealed that ώ-6/ώ-3 ratio was the only PUFA index significantly elevated in HG males (0.36, 95% CI: 0.26-0.45 vs 5.68, 95% CI: 4.98-6.38) while both DHA (2.91%, 95% CI: 2.54-3.29% vs 3.37%, 95% CI: 3.13-3.60%) and ώ-3 index (3.1%, 95% CI: 2.70-3.49% vs 3.63%, 95% CI: 3.38-3.88%) were significantly elevated in HG females. Furthermore, reduced AA and elevated EPA/AA ratio were more prevalent in HG subjects (26.53 vs 28.72 and 30.61 vs 38.29, respectively) and exhibited the highest diagnostic accuracy for HG among all PUFA indices. Altogether, our study revealed that distinct, gender-specific blood PUFA indices are differentially regulated in HG subjects which may be valuable for DM management.
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Perus L, Mangin JF, Deverdun J, Gutierrez LA, Gourieux E, Fischer C, Van Dokkum LEH, Manesco C, Busto G, Guyonnet S, Vellas B, Gabelle A, Le Bars E. Impact of multidomain preventive strategies on functional brain connectivity in older adults with cognitive complaint: Subset from the Montpellier center of the ancillary MAPT-MRI study. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 14:971220. [PMID: 36705622 PMCID: PMC9871772 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.971220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The impact of multi-domain preventive interventions on older adults, in particular on those with higher risk to develop Alzheimer's disease (AD), could be beneficial, as it may delay cognitive decline. However, the precise mechanism of such positive impact is not fully understood and may involve brain reserve and adaptability of brain functional connectivity (FC). Methods To determine the effect of multidomain interventions (involving physical activity, cognitive training, nutritional counseling alone or in combination with omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and vs. a placebo) on the brain, longitudinal FC changes were assessed after 36 months of intervention on 100 older adults (above 70 year-old) with subjective cognitive complaints. Results No global change in FC was detected after uni or multidomain preventive interventions. However, an effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation dependent on cognitive decline status was underlined for frontoparietal, salience, visual and sensorimotor networks FC. These findings were independent of the cortical thickness and vascular burden. Discussion These results emphasize the importance of patient stratification, based on risk factors, for preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Perus
- Memory Resources and Research Center, Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier, France,INM, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France,Institut d'Imagerie Fonctionnelle Humaine, I2FH, Department of Neuroradiology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France,CATI, US52-UAR2031, CEA, ICM, SU, CNRS, INSERM, APHP, Ile de France, France
| | - Jean-François Mangin
- CATI, US52-UAR2031, CEA, ICM, SU, CNRS, INSERM, APHP, Ile de France, France,Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Neurospin, UMR9027 Baobab, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jérémy Deverdun
- Institut d'Imagerie Fonctionnelle Humaine, I2FH, Department of Neuroradiology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Clara Fischer
- CATI, US52-UAR2031, CEA, ICM, SU, CNRS, INSERM, APHP, Ile de France, France
| | - Liesjet E. H. Van Dokkum
- Institut d'Imagerie Fonctionnelle Humaine, I2FH, Department of Neuroradiology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Clara Manesco
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Germain Busto
- Memory Resources and Research Center, Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier, France,INM, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Guyonnet
- Inserm UMR 1295, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France,Gérontopôle, Department of Geriatrics, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Vellas
- Inserm UMR 1295, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France,Gérontopôle, Department of Geriatrics, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Audrey Gabelle
- Memory Resources and Research Center, Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier, France,INM, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Emmanuelle Le Bars
- Institut d'Imagerie Fonctionnelle Humaine, I2FH, Department of Neuroradiology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France,*Correspondence: Emmanuelle Le Bars ✉
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12
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Salek M, Hosseini Hooshiar S, Salek M, Poorebrahimi M, Jafarnejad S. Omega-3 fatty acids: Current insights into mechanisms of action in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2023; 32:7-22. [PMID: 36433776 DOI: 10.1177/09612033221140724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is one of the autoimmune diseases characterized by the lack of self-tolerance and the formation of immune complexes and nuclear autoantigens resulting in inflammation in multiple organs. Nowadays, the major aim of SLE therapy is the control of disease activity. However, the biological heterogeneity between patients and the absence of safe and specific targeted treatments complicate the lupus management. Therefore, the potential prophylactic effects of natural therapy considering the potential side effects of classical pharmacology, also the role of diet therapy in decreasing co-morbidities and improving quality of life in SLE patients could be a promising approach to SLE disease. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFAs) are one of the agents that are considered for their preventive and therapeutic properties in disease activity of SLE and the related complications. The intake of omega-3 PUFAs likely has a direct relationship with improvements in inflammatory, cardiovascular, depressive, and neuromotor symptoms of the patients. The current review summarizes clinical and preclinical studies with comprehensive insights into the mechanisms of action of omega-3 fatty acids (omega-3 FAs) in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus to provide an update on the negative and positive aspects of the intake of omega-3 FAs in SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Salek
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, 440827Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Hosseini Hooshiar
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, 48462Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mahsa Salek
- Department of Medicine, 201564Islamic Azad University Najafabad Branch, Najafabad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Poorebrahimi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, 48462Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Sadegh Jafarnejad
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, 48462Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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13
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Adrien V, Bosc N, Fumat H, Tessier C, Ferreri F, Mouchabac S, Tareste D, Nuss P. Higher stress response and altered quality of life in schizophrenia patients with low membrane levels of docosahexaenoic acid. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1089724. [PMID: 36816405 PMCID: PMC9937080 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1089724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe, chronic, and heterogeneous mental disorder that affects approximately 1% of the world population. Ongoing research aims at clustering schizophrenia heterogeneity into various "biotypes" to identify subgroups of individuals displaying homogeneous symptoms, etiopathogenesis, prognosis, and treatment response. The present study is in line with this approach and focuses on a biotype partly characterized by a specific membrane lipid composition. We have examined clinical and biological data of patients with stabilized schizophrenia, including the fatty acid content of their erythrocyte membranes, in particular the omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Two groups of patients of similar size were identified: the DHA- group (N = 19) with a lower proportion of membrane DHA as compared to the norm in the general population, and the DHAn group (N = 18) with a normal proportion of DHA. Compared to DHAn, DHA- patients had a higher number of hospitalizations and a lower quality of life in terms of perceived health and physical health. They also exhibited significant higher interleukin-6 and cortisol blood levels. These results emphasize the importance of measuring membrane lipid and immunoinflammatory biomarkers in stabilized patients to identify a specific subgroup and optimize non-pharmacological interventions. It could also guide future research aimed at proposing specific pharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Adrien
- AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Department of Psychiatry, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,Infrastructure for Clinical Research in Neurosciences (iCRIN), Paris Brain Institute, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France.,Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S 1266, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Bosc
- AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Department of Psychiatry, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Hugo Fumat
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S 1266, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Cédric Tessier
- AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Department of Psychiatry, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Florian Ferreri
- AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Department of Psychiatry, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,Infrastructure for Clinical Research in Neurosciences (iCRIN), Paris Brain Institute, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Mouchabac
- AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Department of Psychiatry, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,Infrastructure for Clinical Research in Neurosciences (iCRIN), Paris Brain Institute, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - David Tareste
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S 1266, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Nuss
- AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Department of Psychiatry, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, INSERM UMR S938, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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14
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Pasya SKR, Copeland BJ. A Systematic Review of Dietary Supplements in Alzheimer's Disease. Cureus 2023; 15:e33982. [PMID: 36824566 PMCID: PMC9941033 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's is the most common neurodegenerative disease among the aging population, which has been a major global challenge. The pathogenesis of the disease is still undetermined but postulated to be involved in various mechanisms including oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, inflammation, cell death, genetic factors, protein accumulation, and degradation. There are few Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs available for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) that have limited benefits along with associated adverse effects. A retrospective review of randomized double-blind controlled trials of various supplements used in AD patients was performed on a PubMed search from January 1983 to March 2022. We found 10 articles that have shown positive outcomes in various cognitive domains. We conclude that there should be a global standard to endorse the quality and safety of these supplements.
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15
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Liu C, Dai X, Li Y, Li H. Lifestyle Adjustment: Influential Risk Factors in Cognitive Aging. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1419:185-194. [PMID: 37418215 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-1627-6_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive aging is inevitable. However, researchers have demonstrated that lifestyle adjustments can reduce the risk of cognitive impairment. A healthy diet style, the Mediterranean diet, has been proven to benefit the elderly. Oil, salt, sugar, and fat are, on the contrary, risk factors for cognitive dysfunction because of the resultant high caloric intake. Physical and mental exercises, especially cognitive training, are also beneficial for aging. At the same time, several risk factors need to be noted, such as smoking, alcohol consumption, insomnia, and excessive daytime sleeping, which are highly relative to cognitive impairment, cardiovascular diseases, and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangwei Dai
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanglan Li
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - He Li
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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16
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Rouch L, Virecoulon Giudici K, Cantet C, Guyonnet S, Delrieu J, Legrand P, Catheline D, Andrieu S, Weiner M, de Souto Barreto P, Vellas B. Associations of erythrocyte omega-3 fatty acids with cognition, brain imaging and biomarkers in the Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative: cross-sectional and longitudinal retrospective analyses. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 116:1492-1506. [PMID: 36253968 PMCID: PMC9761759 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between omega-3 (ω-3) PUFAs and cognition, brain imaging and biomarkers is still not fully established. OBJECTIVES The aim was to analyze the cross-sectional and retrospective longitudinal associations between erythrocyte ω-3 index and cognition, brain imaging, and biomarkers among older adults. METHODS A total of 832 Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 3 (ADNI-3) participants, with a mean (SD) age of 74.0 (7.9) y, 50.8% female, 55.9% cognitively normal, 32.7% with mild cognitive impairment, and 11.4% with Alzheimer disease (AD) were included. A low ω-3 index (%EPA + %DHA) was defined as the lowest quartile (≤3.70%). Cognitive tests [composite score, AD Assessment Scale Cognitive (ADAS-Cog), Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS), Trail Making Test, Category Fluency, Mini-Mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment] and brain variables [hippocampal volume, white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), positron emission tomography (PET) amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau] were considered as outcomes in regression models. RESULTS Low ω-3 index was not associated with cognition, hippocampal, and WMH volume or brain Aβ and tau after adjustment for demographics, ApoEε4, cardiovascular disease, BMI, and total intracranial volume in the cross-sectional analysis. In the retrospective analysis, low ω-3 index was associated with greater Aβ accumulation (adjusted β = 0.02; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.03; P = 0.003). The composite cognitive score did not differ between groups; however, low ω-3 index was significantly associated with greater WMS-delayed recall cognitive decline (adjusted β = -1.18; 95% CI: -2.16, -0.19; P = 0.019), but unexpectedly lower total ADAS-Cog cognitive decline. Low ω-3 index was cross-sectionally associated with lower WMS performance (adjusted β = -1.81, SE = 0.73, P = 0.014) and higher tau accumulation among ApoE ε4 carriers. CONCLUSIONS Longitudinally, low ω-3 index was associated with greater Aβ accumulation and WMS cognitive decline but unexpectedly with lower total ADAS-Cog cognitive decline. Although no associations were cross-sectionally found in the whole population, low ω-3 index was associated with lower WMS cognition and higher tau accumulation among ApoE ε4 carriers. The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00106899.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Rouch
- Gerontopole of Toulouse, Institute of Ageing, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, Franc
| | | | - Christelle Cantet
- Gerontopole of Toulouse, Institute of Ageing, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, Franc
| | - Sophie Guyonnet
- Gerontopole of Toulouse, Institute of Ageing, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, Franc
- CERPOP Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Recherche en Santé des Populations, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale 1295, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Julien Delrieu
- Gerontopole of Toulouse, Institute of Ageing, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, Franc
- CERPOP Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Recherche en Santé des Populations, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale 1295, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Legrand
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Institut Agro, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale 1241, Rennes, France
| | - Daniel Catheline
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Institut Agro, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale 1241, Rennes, France
| | - Sandrine Andrieu
- CERPOP Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Recherche en Santé des Populations, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale 1295, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Michael Weiner
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Philipe de Souto Barreto
- Gerontopole of Toulouse, Institute of Ageing, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, Franc
- CERPOP Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Recherche en Santé des Populations, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale 1295, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Vellas
- Gerontopole of Toulouse, Institute of Ageing, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, Franc
- CERPOP Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Recherche en Santé des Populations, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale 1295, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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Yassine HN. The omega-3 index in Alzheimer's disease: Ready for prime time? Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 116:1474-1475. [PMID: 36253954 PMCID: PMC9761771 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hussein N Yassine
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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18
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Satizabal CL, Himali JJ, Beiser AS, Ramachandran V, Melo van Lent D, Himali D, Aparicio HJ, Maillard P, DeCarli CS, Harris WS, Seshadri S. Association of Red Blood Cell Omega-3 Fatty Acids With MRI Markers and Cognitive Function in Midlife: The Framingham Heart Study. Neurology 2022; 99:e2572-e2582. [PMID: 36198518 PMCID: PMC9754651 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000201296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Diet may be a key contributor to brain health in midlife. In particular, omega-3 fatty acids have been related to better neurologic outcomes in older adults. However, studies focusing on midlife are lacking. We investigated the cross-sectional association of red blood cell (RBC) omega-3 fatty acid concentrations with MRI and cognitive markers of brain aging in a community-based sample of predominantly middle-aged adults and further explore effect modification by APOE genotype. METHODS We included participants from the Third-Generation and Omni 2 cohorts of the Framingham Heart Study attending their second examination. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) concentrations were measured from RBC using gas chromatography, and the Omega-3 index was calculated as EPA + DHA. We used linear regression models to relate omega-3 fatty acid concentrations to brain MRI measures (i.e., total brain, total gray matter, hippocampal, and white matter hyperintensity volumes) and cognitive function (i.e., episodic memory, processing speed, executive function, and abstract reasoning) adjusting for potential confounders. We further tested for interactions between omega-3 fatty acid levels and APOE genotype (e4 carrier vs noncarrier) on MRI and cognitive outcomes. RESULTS We included 2,183 dementia-free and stroke-free participants (mean age of 46 years, 53% women, 22% APOE-e4 carriers). In multivariable models, higher Omega-3 index was associated with larger hippocampal volumes (standard deviation unit beta ±standard error; 0.003 ± 0.001, p = 0.013) and better abstract reasoning (0.17 ± 0.07, p = 0.013). Similar results were obtained for DHA or EPA concentrations individually. Stratification by APOE-e4 status showed associations between higher DHA concentrations or Omega-3 index and larger hippocampal volumes in APOE-e4 noncarriers, whereas higher EPA concentrations were related to better abstract reasoning in APOE-e4 carriers. Finally, higher levels of all omega-3 predictors were related to lower white matter hyperintensity burden but only in APOE-e4 carriers. DISCUSSION Our results, albeit exploratory, suggest that higher omega-3 fatty acid concentrations are related to better brain structure and cognitive function in a predominantly middle-aged cohort free of clinical dementia. These associations differed by APOE genotype, suggesting potentially different metabolic patterns by APOE status. Additional studies in middle-aged populations are warranted to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia L Satizabal
- From the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., J.J.H., D.M.L., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Population Health Sciences (C.L.S., J.J.H.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., D.M.L., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., V.R., D.M.L., D.H., H.J.A., S.S.), Framingham, MA; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine (V.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology (V.R.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Center for Computing and Data Sciences (V.R.), Boston University, Boston, MA; Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory and Center for Neurosciences (P.M., C.S.D.), Davis, CA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; Sanford School of Medicine (W.S.H.), University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD; and Fatty Acid Research Institute (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD.
| | - Jayandra Jung Himali
- From the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., J.J.H., D.M.L., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Population Health Sciences (C.L.S., J.J.H.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., D.M.L., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., V.R., D.M.L., D.H., H.J.A., S.S.), Framingham, MA; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine (V.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology (V.R.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Center for Computing and Data Sciences (V.R.), Boston University, Boston, MA; Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory and Center for Neurosciences (P.M., C.S.D.), Davis, CA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; Sanford School of Medicine (W.S.H.), University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD; and Fatty Acid Research Institute (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Alexa S Beiser
- From the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., J.J.H., D.M.L., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Population Health Sciences (C.L.S., J.J.H.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., D.M.L., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., V.R., D.M.L., D.H., H.J.A., S.S.), Framingham, MA; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine (V.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology (V.R.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Center for Computing and Data Sciences (V.R.), Boston University, Boston, MA; Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory and Center for Neurosciences (P.M., C.S.D.), Davis, CA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; Sanford School of Medicine (W.S.H.), University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD; and Fatty Acid Research Institute (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Vasan Ramachandran
- From the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., J.J.H., D.M.L., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Population Health Sciences (C.L.S., J.J.H.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., D.M.L., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., V.R., D.M.L., D.H., H.J.A., S.S.), Framingham, MA; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine (V.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology (V.R.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Center for Computing and Data Sciences (V.R.), Boston University, Boston, MA; Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory and Center for Neurosciences (P.M., C.S.D.), Davis, CA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; Sanford School of Medicine (W.S.H.), University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD; and Fatty Acid Research Institute (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Debora Melo van Lent
- From the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., J.J.H., D.M.L., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Population Health Sciences (C.L.S., J.J.H.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., D.M.L., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., V.R., D.M.L., D.H., H.J.A., S.S.), Framingham, MA; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine (V.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology (V.R.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Center for Computing and Data Sciences (V.R.), Boston University, Boston, MA; Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory and Center for Neurosciences (P.M., C.S.D.), Davis, CA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; Sanford School of Medicine (W.S.H.), University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD; and Fatty Acid Research Institute (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Dibya Himali
- From the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., J.J.H., D.M.L., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Population Health Sciences (C.L.S., J.J.H.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., D.M.L., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., V.R., D.M.L., D.H., H.J.A., S.S.), Framingham, MA; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine (V.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology (V.R.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Center for Computing and Data Sciences (V.R.), Boston University, Boston, MA; Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory and Center for Neurosciences (P.M., C.S.D.), Davis, CA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; Sanford School of Medicine (W.S.H.), University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD; and Fatty Acid Research Institute (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Hugo J Aparicio
- From the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., J.J.H., D.M.L., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Population Health Sciences (C.L.S., J.J.H.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., D.M.L., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., V.R., D.M.L., D.H., H.J.A., S.S.), Framingham, MA; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine (V.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology (V.R.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Center for Computing and Data Sciences (V.R.), Boston University, Boston, MA; Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory and Center for Neurosciences (P.M., C.S.D.), Davis, CA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; Sanford School of Medicine (W.S.H.), University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD; and Fatty Acid Research Institute (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Pauline Maillard
- From the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., J.J.H., D.M.L., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Population Health Sciences (C.L.S., J.J.H.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., D.M.L., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., V.R., D.M.L., D.H., H.J.A., S.S.), Framingham, MA; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine (V.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology (V.R.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Center for Computing and Data Sciences (V.R.), Boston University, Boston, MA; Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory and Center for Neurosciences (P.M., C.S.D.), Davis, CA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; Sanford School of Medicine (W.S.H.), University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD; and Fatty Acid Research Institute (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Charles S DeCarli
- From the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., J.J.H., D.M.L., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Population Health Sciences (C.L.S., J.J.H.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., D.M.L., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., V.R., D.M.L., D.H., H.J.A., S.S.), Framingham, MA; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine (V.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology (V.R.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Center for Computing and Data Sciences (V.R.), Boston University, Boston, MA; Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory and Center for Neurosciences (P.M., C.S.D.), Davis, CA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; Sanford School of Medicine (W.S.H.), University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD; and Fatty Acid Research Institute (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD
| | - William S Harris
- From the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., J.J.H., D.M.L., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Population Health Sciences (C.L.S., J.J.H.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., D.M.L., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., V.R., D.M.L., D.H., H.J.A., S.S.), Framingham, MA; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine (V.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology (V.R.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Center for Computing and Data Sciences (V.R.), Boston University, Boston, MA; Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory and Center for Neurosciences (P.M., C.S.D.), Davis, CA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; Sanford School of Medicine (W.S.H.), University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD; and Fatty Acid Research Institute (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- From the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., J.J.H., D.M.L., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Population Health Sciences (C.L.S., J.J.H.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., D.M.L., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., V.R., D.M.L., D.H., H.J.A., S.S.), Framingham, MA; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine (V.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology (V.R.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Center for Computing and Data Sciences (V.R.), Boston University, Boston, MA; Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory and Center for Neurosciences (P.M., C.S.D.), Davis, CA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; Sanford School of Medicine (W.S.H.), University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD; and Fatty Acid Research Institute (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD
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19
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Ali S, Aiello A, Zotti T, Accardi G, Cardinale G, Vito P, Calabrò A, Ligotti ME, Intrieri M, Corbi G, Caruso C, Candore G, Scapagnini G, Davinelli S. Age-associated changes in circulatory fatty acids: new insights on adults and long-lived individuals. GeroScience 2022; 45:781-796. [PMID: 36449220 PMCID: PMC9886696 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00696-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-lived individuals (LLIs) are considered an ideal model to study healthy human aging. Blood fatty acid (FA) profile of a cohort of LLIs (90-111 years old, n = 49) from Sicily was compared to adults (18-64 years old, n = 69) and older adults (65-89 years old, n = 54) from the same area. Genetic variants in key enzymes related to FA biosynthesis and metabolism were also genotyped to investigate a potential genetic predisposition in determining the FA profile. Gas chromatography was employed to determine the FA profile, and genotyping was performed using high-resolution melt (HRM) analysis. Blood levels of total polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) and total trans-FA decreased with age, while the levels of saturated FA (SFA) remained unchanged. Interestingly, distinctively higher circulatory levels of monounsaturated FA (MUFA) in LLIs compared to adults and older adults were observed. In addition, among LLIs, rs174537 in the FA desaturase 1/2 (FADS1/2) gene was associated with linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6) and docosatetraenoic acid (DTA, 22:4n-6) levels, and the rs953413 in the elongase of very long FA 2 (ELOVL2) was associated with DTA levels. We further observed that rs174579 and rs174626 genotypes in FADS1/2 significantly affect delta-6 desaturase (D6D) activity. In conclusion, our results suggest that the LLIs have a different FA profile characterized by high MUFA content, which indicates reduced peroxidation while maintaining membrane fluidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawan Ali
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Via De Sanctis 1, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Anna Aiello
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Tiziana Zotti
- Dipartimento Di Scienze E Tecnologie, Università Degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Giulia Accardi
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Pasquale Vito
- Dipartimento Di Scienze E Tecnologie, Università Degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Anna Calabrò
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mattia Emanuela Ligotti
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mariano Intrieri
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Via De Sanctis 1, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Graziamaria Corbi
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Via De Sanctis 1, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Calogero Caruso
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Candore
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Via De Sanctis 1, Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Via De Sanctis 1, Campobasso, Italy
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20
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Effect of Docosahexaenoic Acid and Eicosapentaenoic Acid Supplementation on Sleep Quality in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194136. [PMID: 36235788 PMCID: PMC9573173 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-omega-3 fatty acids with various functions-influence sleep in children and young adults. However, only limited studies on their effects on sleep in middle- and old-aged adults have been reported. Therefore, we investigated the effects of DHA and EPA on sleep quality in subjects aged ≥ 45 years. We performed a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, parallel-grouped study, in which we randomly assigned 66 healthy Japanese males and females. Each individual received six 480 mg capsules containing 576 mg DHA and 284 mg EPA per day (DHA/EPA group, n = 33), or corn oil (placebo group, n = 33), for 12 weeks. Before and after the intervention, the Oguri-Shirakawa-Azumi sleep inventory MA version (OSA-MA) and the sleep state test were conducted. In the DHA/EPA group, factor III (frequent dreaming) scores among the OSA-MA scores were significantly improved compared to the placebo group. Additionally, sleep state tests revealed that sleep efficiency improved in the DHA/EPA group. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report that DHA/EPA improves sleep quality in middle- and old-aged individuals, even at doses lower than those administered in previous studies.
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21
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Kadyrov M, Whiley L, Brown B, Erickson KI, Holmes E. Associations of the Lipidome with Ageing, Cognitive Decline and Exercise Behaviours. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090822. [PMID: 36144226 PMCID: PMC9505967 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most recognisable features of ageing is a decline in brain health and cognitive dysfunction, which is associated with perturbations to regular lipid homeostasis. Although ageing is the largest risk factor for several neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia, a loss in cognitive function is commonly observed in adults over the age of 65. Despite the prevalence of normal age-related cognitive decline, there is a lack of effective methods to improve the health of the ageing brain. In light of this, exercise has shown promise for positively influencing neurocognitive health and associated lipid profiles. This review summarises age-related changes in several lipid classes that are found in the brain, including fatty acyls, glycerolipids, phospholipids, sphingolipids and sterols, and explores the consequences of age-associated pathological cognitive decline on these lipid classes. Evidence of the positive effects of exercise on the affected lipid profiles are also discussed to highlight the potential for exercise to be used therapeutically to mitigate age-related changes to lipid metabolism and prevent cognitive decline in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kadyrov
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Discipline of Exercise Science, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (B.B.); (E.H.)
| | - Luke Whiley
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Belinda Brown
- Discipline of Exercise Science, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (B.B.); (E.H.)
| | - Kirk I. Erickson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- AdventHealth Research Institute, Neuroscience Institute, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Division of Integrative Systems and Digestive Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (B.B.); (E.H.)
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22
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Li M, Gao Y, Wang D, Hu X, Jiang J, Qing Y, Yang X, Cui G, Wang P, Zhang J, Sun L, Wan C. Impaired Membrane Lipid Homeostasis in Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2022; 48:1125-1135. [PMID: 35751100 PMCID: PMC9434453 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Multiple lines of clinical, biochemical, and genetic evidence suggest that disturbances of membrane lipids and their metabolism are probably involved in the etiology of schizophrenia (SCZ). Lipids in the membrane are essential to neural development and brain function, however, their role in SCZ remains largely unexplored. STUDY DESIGN Here we investigated the lipidome of the erythrocyte membrane of 80 patients with SCZ and 40 healthy controls using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Based on the membrane lipids profiling, we explored the potential mechanism of membrane phospholipids metabolism. STUDY RESULTS By comparing 812 quantified lipids, we found that in SCZ, membrane phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines, especially the plasmalogen, were significantly decreased. In addition, the total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the membrane of SCZ were significantly reduced, resulting in a decrease in membrane fluidity. The accumulation of membrane oxidized lipids and the level of peripheral lipid peroxides increased, suggesting an elevated level of oxidative stress in SCZ. Further study of membrane-phospholipid-remodeling genes showed that activation of PLA2s and LPCATs expression in patients, supporting the imbalance of unsaturated and saturated fatty acyl remodeling in phospholipids of SCZ patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the mechanism of impaired membrane lipid homeostasis is related to the activated phospholipid remodeling caused by excessive oxidative stress in SCZ. Disordered membrane lipids found in this study may reflect the membrane dysfunction in the central nervous system and impact neurotransmitter transmission in patients with SCZ, providing new evidence for the membrane lipids hypothesis of SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowen Hu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Qing
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuhan Yang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gaoping Cui
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengkun Wang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liya Sun
- To whom correspondence should be addressed; Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China, tel: +86-021-62822491, fax: +86-021-62932059, e-mail: (C.W.), (L.S.)
| | - Chunling Wan
- To whom correspondence should be addressed; Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China, tel: +86-021-62822491, fax: +86-021-62932059, e-mail: (C.W.), (L.S.)
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23
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Sala-Vila A, Satizabal CL, Tintle N, Melo van Lent D, Vasan RS, Beiser AS, Seshadri S, Harris WS. Red Blood Cell DHA Is Inversely Associated with Risk of Incident Alzheimer's Disease and All-Cause Dementia: Framingham Offspring Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:2408. [PMID: 35745137 PMCID: PMC9228504 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) might help prevent Alzheimer's disease (AD). Red blood cell (RBC) status of DHA is an objective measure of long-term dietary DHA intake. In this prospective observational study conducted within the Framingham Offspring Cohort (1490 dementia-free participants aged ≥65 years old), we examined the association of RBC DHA with incident AD, testing for an interaction with APOE-ε4 carriership. During the follow-up (median, 7.2 years), 131 cases of AD were documented. In fully adjusted models, risk for incident AD in the highest RBC DHA quintile (Q5) was 49% lower compared with the lowest quintile (Q1) (Hazard ratio [HR]: 0.51, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.27, 0.96). An increase in RBC DHA from Q1 to Q5 was predicted to provide an estimated 4.7 additional years of life free of AD. We observed an interaction DHA × APOE-ε4 carriership for AD. Borderline statistical significance for a lower risk of AD was observed per standard deviation increase in RBC DHA (HR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.51, 1.00, p = 0.053) in APOE-ε4 carriers, but not in non-carriers (HR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.65, 1.11, p = 0.240). These findings add to the increasing body of literature suggesting a robust association worth exploring dietary DHA as one strategy to prevent or delay AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleix Sala-Vila
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD 57106, USA; (N.T.); (W.S.H.)
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia L. Satizabal
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78299, USA; (C.L.S.); (D.M.v.L.); (S.S.)
- Department of Population Health Sciences, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Nathan Tintle
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD 57106, USA; (N.T.); (W.S.H.)
- Department of Statistics, Dordt University, Sioux Center, IA 51250, USA
| | - Debora Melo van Lent
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78299, USA; (C.L.S.); (D.M.v.L.); (S.S.)
- Department of Population Health Sciences, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | | | - Alexa S. Beiser
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78299, USA; (C.L.S.); (D.M.v.L.); (S.S.)
- Department of Population Health Sciences, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - William S. Harris
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD 57106, USA; (N.T.); (W.S.H.)
- Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57069, USA
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24
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Kozielec-Oracka BJ, Min Y, Bhullar AS, Stasiak B, Ghebremeskel K. Plasma and red blood cell n3 fatty acids correlate positively with the WISC-R verbal and full-scale intelligence quotients and inversely with Conner's parent-rated ADHD index t-scores in children with high functioning autism and Asperger's syndrome. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2022; 178:102414. [PMID: 35338846 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Findings of the fatty acid status of people with autism spectrum disorders have been incongruent perhaps because of the diversity of the condition. A cross-sectional design study was used to investigated fatty acid levels and relationships between fatty acids, and cognition and behaviour in a homogenous group of children with autism spectrum disorder. Children with Asperger's syndrome (AS) /high functioning autism (n = 44) and healthy siblings (n = 17) were recruited from the Diagnostic and Therapeutic Centre for Children with Autism, Warsaw, Poland. In the AS group, plasma phosphatidylcholine 22:5n3 correlated positively with verbal (r = 0.357, p = 0.019) and full scale (r = 0.402, p = 0.008) IQs, red blood cell phosphatidylcholine 22:5n3 with verbal (r = 0.308, p = 0.044), performance (r = 0.304, p = 0.047) and full scale (r = 0.388, p = 0.011) IQs and red blood cell phosphatidylethanolamine 22:5n3 with verbal (r = 0.390, p = 0.010) and full scale (r = 0.370, p = 0.016) IQs. Whilst, plasma phosphatidycholine 20:5n3 (r = -0.395, p = 0.009), 22:6n3 (r = -0.402, p = 0.007) and total n3 fatty acids (r = -425, p = 0.005), red blood cell phosphatidlycholine 20:5n3 (r = -0.321, p = 0.036) and red blood cell phosphatidylethanolamine 20:5n3 (r = -0.317, p = 0.038), 22:6n3 (r = -0.297, p = 0.05) and total n3 fatty acids (r = -0.306, p = 0.046) correlated inversly with ADHD index. Similarly, inattention was negatively related with plasma phosphatidylcholine 22:6n3 (r = -0.335, p = 0.028), and total n3 fatty acids (r = -0.340, p = 0.026), oppositional with plasma phosphatidylcholine 18:3n3 (r = -0.333, p = 0.029), 20:5n3 (r = -0.365, p = 0.016), total n3 fatty acids (r = -0.293, p < 0.05), red blood cell phosphatidylcholine 18:3n3 (r = -0.337, p = 0.027) and red blood cell ethanolamine 18:3n3 (r = - 0.333, p = 0.029), 20:5n3 (r = -0.328, p = 0.032), 22:6n3 (r = 0.362, p = 0.017) and total n-3 fatty acids (r = -0.298, p < 0.05) and hyperactivity with plasma phosphatidylcholine 22:6n3 (r = -0.320, p = 0.039). In contrast, there were inverse correlations between red blood cell phosphatidylcholine 18:2n6 and performance (r = -0.358, p = 0.019) and full scale (r = -0.320, p = 0.039) IQs, and direct correlations between red blood cell phosphatidylcholine 22:4n6 (r = 0.339, p = 0.026) and 22:5n6 (r = 0.298, p < 0.05) and ADHD index, between red blood cell phosphatidylcholine 22:4n6 (r = 0.308, p = 0.044) and inattention, between plasma phosphatidylcholine 22:4n6 (r = 0.341, p = 0.025), red blood cell phosphatidylcholine 20:4n6 (r = 0.314, p = 0.041) and total n6 fatty acids (r = 0.336, p = 0.028) and oppositional and plasma phosphatidylcholine 20:3n6 (r = 0.362, p = 0.018) and red blood cell phosphatidylcholine 20:3n6 (r = 0.401, p = 0.009) and hyperactivity. The findings of the ethnically homogenous children with Asperger's syndrome/high functioning autism study revealed positive associations between 22:5n3 and cognition, and negative relationships between 20:5n3 and 22:6n3 and behavioural problem. In contrast, cognitive ability and behavioural problems were negatively and positively associated with n6 fatty acids. Further investigation is required to establish whether there a cause and effect relationship. Regardless, it would be prudent to ensure that children with the conditions have optimum n3 PUFA intake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoeju Min
- Lipidomics and Nutrition Research Centre, School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, 166-220 Holloway Road, London N7 8DB, UK
| | - Amritpal S Bhullar
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Barbara Stasiak
- Mental Health Clinic for Children and Youth, Masovian Neuropsychiatry Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kebreab Ghebremeskel
- Lipidomics and Nutrition Research Centre, School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, 166-220 Holloway Road, London N7 8DB, UK.
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Ma H, Zhou T, Li X, Heianza Y, Qi L. Use of fish oil supplements is differently related to incidence of all-cause and vascular dementia among people with the distinct APOE ε4 dosage. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:731-736. [PMID: 35172255 PMCID: PMC8897253 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS &AIMS Previous studies have shown that marine omega-3 PUFAs (fish oil) supplements was associated with improved cognitive function, whereas the association between use of fish oil supplements and risk of incident dementia was still unclear. We aimed to prospectively assess the relations between use of fish oil supplements and risks of all-cause and disease-specific dementia according to the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 dosage. METHODS A total of 445,961 participants from UK biobank, who were free of dementia at baseline and completed data on supplement use and genetic information were analyzed in this study. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) comparing incident dementia rates in participants who did and did not use fish oil. RESULTS During a median of 12.2 years of follow-up, a total of 5795 incident cases of dementia were documented, including 1266 cases of vascular dementia and 2382 cases of AD. After adjustment for covariates, use of fish oil supplements was significantly associated with lower risks of all-cause dementia (Hazard ratios, HR, 95% CI, 0.90, 0.85-0.96) and vascular dementia (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.75-0.97), but not AD (HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.91-1.09). For all-cause dementia and vascular dementia, we found that the protective associations appeared to be attenuated by the increasing APOE ε4 dosage (P-interaction = 0.002 and 0.002, respectively). Notably, the use of fish oil supplements was significantly associated with an 86.0% higher risk of vascular dementia in participants with two APOE-ε4 alleles (HR, 1.86, 95%CI, 1.23-2.80). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that use of fish oil supplements is differently associated with risks of all-cause dementia and vascular dementia according to the APOE ε4 dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Yoriko Heianza
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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Abstract
Although a relationship between traditional cardiovascular risk factors and stroke has long been recognized, these risk factors likely play a role in other aspects of brain health. Clinical stroke is only the tip of the iceberg of vascular brain injury that includes covert infarcts, white matter hyperintensities, and microbleeds. Furthermore, an individual's risk for not only stroke but poor brain health includes not only these traditional vascular risk factors but also lifestyle and genetic factors. The purpose of this narrative review is to summarize the state of the evidence on traditional and nontraditional vascular risk factors and their contributions to brain health. Additionally, we will review important modifiers that interact with these risk factors to increase, or, in some cases, reduce risk of adverse brain health outcomes, with an emphasis on genes and biomarkers associated with Alzheimer disease. Finally, we will consider the importance of social determinants of health in brain health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca F Gottesman
- Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD (R.F.G.)
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, UTHSA, San Antonio, TX (S.S.).,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (S.S.)
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Jakše B. Placing a Well-Designed Vegan Diet for Slovenes. Nutrients 2021; 13:4545. [PMID: 34960098 PMCID: PMC8706043 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interest in vegan diets has increased globally as well as in Slovenia. The quantity of new scientific data requires a thorough synthesis of new findings and considerations about the current reserved position of the vegan diet in Slovenia. There is frequently confusion about the benefits of vegetarian diets that are often uncritically passed on to vegan diets and vice versa. This narrative review aims to serve as a framework for a well-designed vegan diet. We present advice on how to maximize the benefits and minimize the risks associated with the vegan diet and lifestyle. We highlight the proper terminology, present the health effects of a vegan diet and emphasize the nutrients of concern. In addition, we provide guidance for implementing a well-designed vegan diet in daily life. We conducted a PubMed search, up to November 2021, for studies on key nutrients (proteins, vitamin B12, vitamin D, omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)), calcium, iron, zinc, iodine and selenium) in vegan diets. Given the limited amount of scientific evidence, we focus primarily on the general adult population. A well-designed vegan diet that includes a wide variety of plant foods and supplementation of vitamin B12, vitamin D in the winter months and potentially EPA/DHA is safe and nutritionally adequate. It has the potential to maintain and/or to improve health. For physically active adult populations, athletes or individuals with fast-paced lifestyles, there is room for further appropriate supplementation of a conventional vegan diet according to individuals' health status, needs and goals without compromising their health. A healthy vegan lifestyle, as included in government guidelines for a healthy lifestyle, includes regular physical activity, avoidance of smoking, restriction of alcohol and appropriate sleep hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boštjan Jakše
- Department of Food Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Chen C, Hayden KM, Kaufman JD, Espeland MA, Whitsel EA, Serre ML, Vizuete W, Orchard TS, Wang X, Chui HC, D’Alton ME, Chen JC, Kahe K. Adherence to a MIND-Like Dietary Pattern, Long-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter Air Pollution, and MRI-Based Measures of Brain Volume: The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study-MRI. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:127008. [PMID: 34939828 PMCID: PMC8698852 DOI: 10.1289/ehp8036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies suggest that certain dietary patterns and constituents may be beneficial to brain health. Airborne exposures to fine particulate matter [particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μ m (PM 2.5 )] are neurotoxic, but the combined effects of dietary patterns and PM 2.5 have not been investigated. OBJECTIVES We examined whether previously reported association between PM 2.5 exposure and lower white matter volume (WMV) differed between women whose usual diet during the last 3 months before baseline was more or less consistent with a Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND)-like diet, a dietary pattern that may slow neurodegenerative changes. METHODS This study included 1,302 U.S. women who were 65-79 y old and free of dementia in the period 1996-1998 (baseline). In the period 2005-2006, structural brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were performed to estimate normal-appearing brain volumes (excluding areas with evidence of small vessel ischemic disease). Baseline MIND diet scores were derived from a food frequency questionnaire. Three-year average PM 2.5 exposure prior to MRI was estimated using geocoded participant addresses and a spatiotemporal model. RESULTS Average total and temporal lobe WMVs were 0.74 cm 3 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.001, 1.48) and 0.19 cm 3 (95% CI: 0.002, 0.37) higher, respectively, with each 0.5-point increase in the MIND score and were 4.16 cm 3 (95% CI: - 6.99 , - 1.33 ) and 1.46 cm 3 (95% CI: - 2.16 , - 0.76 ) lower, respectively, with each interquartile range (IQR) (IQR = 3.22 μ g / m 3 ) increase in PM 2.5 . The inverse association between PM 2.5 per IQR and WMV was stronger (p -interaction < 0.001 ) among women with MIND scores below the median (for total WMV, - 12.47 cm 3 ; 95% CI: - 17.17 , - 7.78 ), but absent in women with scores above the median (0.16 cm 3 ; 95% CI: - 3.41 , 3.72), with similar patterns for WMV in the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes. For total cerebral and hippocampus brain volumes or WMV in the corpus callosum, the associations with PM 2.5 were not significantly different for women with high MIND scores and women with low MIND scores. DISCUSSION In this cohort of U.S. women, PM 2.5 exposure was associated with lower MRI-based WMV, an indication of brain aging, only among women whose usual diet was less consistent with the MIND-like dietary pattern at baseline. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP8036.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vagelos College of Physician and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kathleen M. Hayden
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joel D. Kaufman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences; Department of Medicine; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mark A. Espeland
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Eric A. Whitsel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Marc L. Serre
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - William Vizuete
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tonya S. Orchard
- Department of Human Sciences, Human Nutrition Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Helena C. Chui
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mary E. D’Alton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vagelos College of Physician and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jiu-Chiuan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ka Kahe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vagelos College of Physician and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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Thomas A, Crivello F, Mazoyer B, Debette S, Tzourio C, Samieri C. Fish Intake and MRI Burden of Cerebrovascular Disease in Older Adults. Neurology 2021; 97:e2213-e2222. [PMID: 34732545 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000012916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Fish intake may prevent cerebrovascular disease (CVD), yet the mechanisms are unclear, especially regarding its impact on subclinical damage. Assuming that fish may have pleiotropic effect on cerebrovascular health, we investigated the association of fish intake with global CVD burden based on brain MRI markers. METHODS This cross-sectional analysis included participants from the Three-City Dijon population-based cohort (age ≥65 years) without dementia, stroke, or history of hospitalized cardiovascular disease who underwent brain MRI with automated assessment of white matter hyperintensities, visual detection of covert infarcts, and grading of dilated perivascular spaces. Fish intake was assessed through a frequency questionnaire, and the primary outcome measure was defined as the first component of a factor analysis of mixed data applied to MRI markers. The association of fish intake with the CVD burden indicator was studied with linear regressions. RESULTS In total, 1,623 participants (mean age 72.3 years, 63% women) were included. The first component of factor analysis (32.4% of explained variance) was associated with higher levels of all 3 MRI markers. Higher fish intake was associated with lower CVD burden. In a model adjusted for total intracranial volume, compared to participants consuming fish <1 time per week, those consuming fish 2 to 3 and ≥4 times per week had a β = -0.19 (95% confidence interval -0.37 to -0.01) and β = -0.30 (-0.57 to -0.03) lower indicator of CVD burden, respectively (p trend < 0.001). We found evidence of effect modification by age such that the association of fish to CVD was stronger in younger participants (65-69 years) and not significant in participants ≥75 years of age. For comparison, in the younger age group, consuming fish 2 to 3 times a week was roughly equivalent (in the opposite direction) to the effect of hypertension. DISCUSSION In this large population-based study, higher frequency of fish intake was associated with lower CVD burden, especially among participants <75 years of age, suggesting a beneficial effect on brain vascular health before manifestation of overt brain disease. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class II evidence that in individuals without stroke or dementia, higher fish intake is associated with lower subclinical CVD on MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Thomas
- From the University of Bordeaux (A.T., S.D., C.T., C.S.), INSERM, BPH, U1219; and University of Bordeaux (F.C., B.M.), CNRS, CEA, Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, France.
| | - Fabrice Crivello
- From the University of Bordeaux (A.T., S.D., C.T., C.S.), INSERM, BPH, U1219; and University of Bordeaux (F.C., B.M.), CNRS, CEA, Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, France
| | - Bernard Mazoyer
- From the University of Bordeaux (A.T., S.D., C.T., C.S.), INSERM, BPH, U1219; and University of Bordeaux (F.C., B.M.), CNRS, CEA, Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, France
| | - Stephanie Debette
- From the University of Bordeaux (A.T., S.D., C.T., C.S.), INSERM, BPH, U1219; and University of Bordeaux (F.C., B.M.), CNRS, CEA, Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, France
| | - Christophe Tzourio
- From the University of Bordeaux (A.T., S.D., C.T., C.S.), INSERM, BPH, U1219; and University of Bordeaux (F.C., B.M.), CNRS, CEA, Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, France
| | - Cecilia Samieri
- From the University of Bordeaux (A.T., S.D., C.T., C.S.), INSERM, BPH, U1219; and University of Bordeaux (F.C., B.M.), CNRS, CEA, Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, France
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Jia L, Yang J, Zhu M, Pang Y, Wang Q, Wei Q, Li Y, Li T, Li F, Wang Q, Li Y, Wei Y. A metabolite panel that differentiates Alzheimer's disease from other dementia types. Alzheimers Dement 2021; 18:1345-1356. [PMID: 34786838 PMCID: PMC9545206 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with altered metabolites. This study aimed to determine the validity of using circulating metabolites to differentiate AD from other dementias. Methods Blood metabolites were measured in three data sets. Data set 1 (controls, 27; AD, 28) was used for analyzing differential metabolites. Data set 2 (controls, 93; AD, 92) was used to establish a diagnostic AD model with use of a metabolite panel. The model was applied to Data set 3 (controls, 76; AD, 76; other dementias, 205) to verify its capacity for differentiating AD from other dementias. Results Data set 1 revealed 7 upregulated and 77 downregulated metabolites. In Data set 2, a panel of 11 metabolites was included in a model that could distinguish AD from controls. In Data set 3, this panel was used to successfully differentiate AD from other dementias. Discussion This study revealed an AD‐specific panel of 11 metabolites that may be used for AD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Jia
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwei Yang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yana Pang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Wei
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Li
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - TingTing Li
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Fangyu Li
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Qigeng Wang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yiping Wei
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
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Multi-Omics Interpretation of Anti-Aging Mechanisms for ω-3 Fatty Acids. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111691. [PMID: 34828297 PMCID: PMC8625527 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is one of the hottest topics in biomedicine. Previous research suggested that ω-3 fatty acids have preventive effects on aging. However, most of previous studies on the anti-aging effects of ω-3 fatty acids are focused on clinical observations, and the anti-aging mechanisms of ω-3 fatty acids have not been fully elucidated. This stimulated our interest to use multi-omics data related to ω-3 fatty acids in order to interpret the anti-aging mechanisms of ω-3 fatty acids. First, we found that ω-3 fatty acids can affect methylation levels and expression levels of genes associated with age-related diseases or pathways in humans. Then, a Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted to determine whether there is a causal relationship between the effect of ω-3 fatty acids on blood lipid levels and variation in the gut microbiome. Our results indicate that the impact of ω-3 fatty acids on aging is partially mediated by the gut microbiome (including Actinobacteria, Bifidobacteria and Streptococcus). In conclusion, this study provides deeper insights into the anti-aging mechanisms of ω-3 fatty acids and supports the dietary supplementation of ω-3 fatty acids in aging prevention.
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Barnes S, Chowdhury S, Gatto NM, Fraser GE, Lee GJ. Omega-3 fatty acids are associated with blood-brain barrier integrity in a healthy aging population. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e2273. [PMID: 34327870 PMCID: PMC8413753 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In aging populations, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been associated with better cognitive function, slower rates of cognitive decline, and lower risk of developing dementia. Animal studies have shown that diets rich in omega-3 PUFAs reduce blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption associated with aging, but this has yet to be observed in humans. Forty-five healthy subjects (mean age, 76 years) were recruited and underwent cognitive assessment (verbal learning and memory, language, processing speed, executive function, and motor control) and measurement of PUFAs. Forty of the same subjects also underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to measure BBB integrity (Ktrans using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI). The long chain omega-3 score (DHA+EPA) was negatively correlated with Ktrans values in the internal capsule, indicating higher omega-3 levels were associated with greater BBB integrity in this region (r = -0.525, p = .004). Trends were observed for a positive correlation between the long chain omega-3 score and both memory and language scores, but not with executive function, speed, or motor control. The omega-6 score was not significantly correlated with any cognitive scores or Ktrans values. The significant correlations between long chain omega-3 levels and BBB integrity provide a possible mechanism by which omega-3 PUFAs are associated with brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Barnes
- Department of Radiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Shilpy Chowdhury
- Department of Radiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, California, USA.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Nicole M Gatto
- School of Community and Global Health, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, California, USA
| | - Gary E Fraser
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Grace J Lee
- Department of Psychology, School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
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Pontifex MG, Martinsen A, Saleh RNM, Harden G, Tejera N, Müller M, Fox C, Vauzour D, Minihane AM. APOE4 genotype exacerbates the impact of menopause on cognition and synaptic plasticity in APOE-TR mice. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21583. [PMID: 33891334 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002621rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The impact of sex and menopausal status in Alzheimer's disease remains understudied despite increasing evidence of greater female risk, particularly in APOE4 carriers. Utilizing female APOE-TR mice maintained on a high-fat diet background we induced ovarian failure through repeated VCD injections, to mimic human menopause. At 12 months of age, recognition memory and spatial memory were assessed using object recognition, Y-maze spontaneous alternation, and Barnes maze. A VCD*genotype interaction reduced the recognition memory (P < .05), with APOE4 VCD-treated animals unable to distinguish between novel and familiar objects. APOE4 mice displayed an additional 37% and 12% reduction in Barnes (P < .01) and Y-maze (P < .01) performance, indicative of genotype-specific spatial memory impairment. Molecular analysis indicated both VCD and genotype-related deficits in synaptic plasticity with BDNF, Akt, mTOR, and ERK signaling compromised. Subsequent reductions in the transcription factors Creb1 and Atf4 were also evident. Furthermore, the VCD*genotype interaction specifically diminished Ephb2 expression, while Fos, and Cnr1 expression reduced as a consequence of APOE4 genotype. Brain DHA levels were 13% lower in VCD-treated animals independent of genotype. Consistent with this, we detected alterations in the expression of the DHA transporters Acsl6 and Fatp4. Our results indicate that the combination of ovarian failure and APOE4 leads to an exacerbation of cognitive and neurological deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Glenn Harden
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Noemi Tejera
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Michael Müller
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Chris Fox
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - David Vauzour
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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Zou R, El Marroun H, Voortman T, Hillegers M, White T, Tiemeier H. Maternal polyunsaturated fatty acids during pregnancy and offspring brain development in childhood. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:124-133. [PMID: 33742211 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggests an association of maternal PUFA concentrations during pregnancy with child cognitive and neuropsychiatric outcomes such as intelligence and autistic traits. However, little is known about prenatal maternal PUFAs in relation to child brain development, which may underlie these associations. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the association of maternal PUFA status during pregnancy with child brain morphology, including volumetric and white matter microstructure measures. METHODS This study was embedded in a prospective population-based study. In total, 1553 mother-child dyads of Dutch origin were included. Maternal plasma glycerophospholipid PUFAs were assessed in midpregnancy. Child brain morphologic outcomes, including total gray and white matter volumes, as well as white matter microstructure quantified by global fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity, were measured using MRI (including diffusion tensor imaging) at age 9-11 y. RESULTS Maternal ω-3 (n-3) long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) concentrations during pregnancy had an inverted U-shaped relation with child total gray volume (linear term: β: 16.7; 95% CI: 2.0, 31.5; quadratic term: β: -1.1; 95% CI: -2.1, -0.07) and total white matter volume (linear term: β: 15.7; 95% CI: 3.6, 27.8; quadratic term: β: -1.0; 95% CI: -1.8, -0.16). Maternal gestational ω-6 LC-PUFA concentrations did not predict brain volumetric differences in children, albeit the linolenic acid concentration was inversely associated with child total white matter volume. Maternal PUFA status during pregnancy was not related to child white matter microstructure. CONCLUSIONS Sufficient maternal ω-3 PUFAs during pregnancy may be related to more optimal child brain development in the long term. In particular, exposure to lower ω-3 PUFA concentrations in fetal life was associated with less brain volume in childhood. Maternal ω-6 LC-PUFAs were not related to child brain morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runyu Zou
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanan El Marroun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Trudy Voortman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manon Hillegers
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tonya White
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
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Palacios N, Lee JS, Scott T, Kelly RS, Bhupathiraju SN, Bigornia SJ, Tucker KL. Circulating Plasma Metabolites and Cognitive Function in a Puerto Rican Cohort. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 76:1267-1280. [PMID: 32716356 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minorities, including mainland Puerto Ricans, are impacted disproportionally by Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia, and cognitive decline. Studying blood metabolomics in this population has the potential to probe the biological underpinnings of this health disparity. OBJECTIVE We performed a comprehensive analysis of circulating plasma metabolites in relation to cognitive function in 736 participants from the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (BPRHS) who underwent untargeted mass-spectrometry based metabolomics analysis and had undergone a battery of in-person cognitive testing at baseline. METHODS After relevant exclusions, 621 metabolites were examined. We used multivariable regression, adjusted for age, sex, education, apolipoprotein E genotype, smoking, and Mediterranean dietary pattern, to identify metabolites related to global cognitive function in our cohort. LASSO machine learning was used in a complementary analysis to identify metabolites that could discriminate good from poor extremes of cognition. We also conducted sensitivity analyses: restricted to participants without diabetes, and to participants with good adherence to Mediterranean diet. RESULTS Of 621 metabolites, FDR corrected (p < 0.05) multivariable linear regression identified 3 metabolites positively, and 10 negatively, associated with cognitive function in the BPRHS. In a combination of FDR-corrected linear regression, logistic regression regularized via LASSO, and sensitivity analyses restricted to participants without diabetes, and with good adherence to the Mediterranean diet, β-cryptoxanthin plasma concentration was consistently associated with better cognitive function and N-acetylisoleucine and tyramine O-sulfate concentrations were consistently associated with worse cognitive function. CONCLUSION This untargeted metabolomics study identified potential biomarkers for cognitive function in a cohort of Puerto Rican older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Palacios
- Department of Public Health, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Geriatric Research Education Clinical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, ENRM VA Hospital, Bedford, MA, USA
| | - Jong Soo Lee
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Tammy Scott
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel S Kelly
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shilpa N Bhupathiraju
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sherman J Bigornia
- University of New Hampshire, Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems
| | - Katherine L Tucker
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
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Baumel BS, Doraiswamy PM, Sabbagh M, Wurtman R. Potential Neuroregenerative and Neuroprotective Effects of Uridine/Choline-Enriched Multinutrient Dietary Intervention for Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Narrative Review. Neurol Ther 2021; 10:43-60. [PMID: 33368017 PMCID: PMC8139993 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-020-00227-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer disease (AD), also known as prodromal AD, there is evidence for a pathologic shortage of uridine, choline, and docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]), which are key nutrients needed by the brain. Preclinical and clinical evidence shows the importance of nutrient bioavailability to support the development and maintenance of brain structure and function in MCI and AD. Availability of key nutrients is limited in MCI, creating a distinct nutritional need for uridine, choline, and DHA. Evidence suggests that metabolic derangements associated with ageing and disease-related pathology can affect the body's ability to generate and utilize nutrients. This is reflected in lower levels of nutrients measured in the plasma and brains of individuals with MCI and AD dementia, and progressive loss of cognitive performance. The uridine shortage cannot be corrected by normal diet, making uridine a conditionally essential nutrient in affected individuals. It is also challenging to correct the choline shortfall through diet alone, because brain uptake from the plasma significantly decreases with ageing. There is no strong evidence to support the use of single-agent supplements in the management of MCI due to AD. As uridine and choline work synergistically with DHA to increase phosphatidylcholine formation, there is a compelling rationale to combine these nutrients. A multinutrient enriched with uridine, choline, and DHA developed to support brain function has been evaluated in randomized controlled trials covering a spectrum of dementia from MCI to moderate AD. A randomized controlled trial in subjects with prodromal AD showed that multinutrient intervention slowed brain atrophy and improved some measures of cognition. Based on the available clinical evidence, nutritional intervention should be considered as a part of the approach to the management of individuals with MCI due to AD, including adherence to a healthy, balanced diet, and consideration of evidence-based multinutrient supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry S Baumel
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - P Murali Doraiswamy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Marwan Sabbagh
- Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Richard Wurtman
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Białecka-Dębek A, Granda D, Pietruszka B. The role of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the prevention
of cognitive impairment in the elderly. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2021. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.8986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is an inevitable and progressive biological process that leads to irreversible physiological
and functional changes, also in the nervous system. Cognitive decline occurring with age can
significantly affect the quality of life of older people. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is necessary
for the proper functioning of the nervous system; it can affect its action directly through its
impact on neurogenesis and neuroplasticity, but also indirectly by affecting the functioning
of the cardiovascular system or anti-inflammatory effect. Literature analysis shows that good
nutritional status of n-3 fatty acids, determined on the basis of their level in blood plasma or
erythrocytes, is associated with a lower risk of cognitive decline in selected cognitive domains,
as well as a lower risk of dementia or Alzheimer’s disease, although studies are also available
where the above relationship has not been confirmed. Apart from this, studies on DHA and
EPA diet intake, as well as in the form of dietary supplements, show their beneficial effects in
the context of cognitive functioning and the risk of dementia. Also, the results of intervention
studies, although not explicit, suggest that high doses of DHA and EPA in the form of dietary
supplements may slow down the process of deteriorating the cognitive functioning of the elderly within selected domains. Based on the review of the literature, it can be concluded
that DHA and EPA play an essential role in the prevention of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Białecka-Dębek
- Katedra Żywienia Człowieka, Instytut Nauk o Żywieniu Człowieka, Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
| | - Dominika Granda
- Katedra Żywienia Człowieka, Instytut Nauk o Żywieniu Człowieka, Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
| | - Barbara Pietruszka
- Katedra Żywienia Człowieka, Instytut Nauk o Żywieniu Człowieka, Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
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Coughlan G, Larsen R, Kim M, White D, Gillings R, Irvine M, Scholey A, Cohen N, Legido-Quigley C, Hornberger M, Minihane AM. APOE ε4 alters associations between docosahexaenoic acid and preclinical markers of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab085. [PMID: 34007965 PMCID: PMC8112902 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid is the main long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the brain and accounts for 30−40% of fatty acids in the grey matter of the human cortex. Although the influence of docosahexaenoic acid on memory function is widely researched, its association with brain volumes is under investigated and its association with spatial navigation is virtually unknown. This is despite the fact that spatial navigation deficits are a new cognitive fingerprint for symptomatic and asymptomatic Alzheimer’s disease. We investigated the cross-sectional relationship between docosahexaenoic acid levels and the major structural and cognitive markers of preclinical Alzheimer’s disease, namely hippocampal volume, entorhinal volume and spatial navigation ability. Fifty-three cognitively normal adults underwent volumetric magnetic resonance imaging, measurements of serum docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, including lysophosphatidylcholine DHA) and APOE ε4 genotyping. Relative regional brain volumes were calculated and linear regression models were fitted to examine DHA associations with brain volume. APOE genotype modulated serum DHA associations with entorhinal cortex volume and hippocampal volume. Linear models showed that greater serum DHA was associated with increased entorhinal cortex volume, but not hippocampal volume, in non APOΕ ε4 carriers. APOE also interacted with serum lysophosphatidylcholine DHA to predict hippocampal volume. After testing interactions between DHA and APOE on brain volume, we investigated whether DHA and APOE interact to predict spatial navigation performance on a novel virtual reality diagnostic test for Alzheimer’s disease in an independent population of APOE genotyped adults (n = 46). APOE genotype modulated DHA associations with spatial navigation performance, showing that DHA was inversely associated with path integration in APOE ε4 carriers only. This exploratory analysis suggests that interventions aiming to increase DHA blood levels to protect against cognitive decline should consider APOE ε4 carrier status. Future work should focus on replicating our initial findings and establishing whether a specific dose of supplementary DHA, at a particular time in the preclinical disease course can have a positive impact on Alzheimer’s disease progression in APOE ε4 carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Coughlan
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.,Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ryan Larsen
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, USA
| | - Min Kim
- King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, London, UK
| | - David White
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Australia
| | - Rachel Gillings
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Michael Irvine
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Andrew Scholey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Australia
| | - Neal Cohen
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, USA
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Liu C, Ralston NVC. Seafood and health: What you need to know? ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2021; 97:275-318. [PMID: 34311902 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Seafood, including fish and shellfish, provides an ideal package of nutrients and is an important part of a healthy diet. Strong evidence has shown that eating fish and other seafoods improve brain, eye, and heart health. The new 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommend that Americans of all ages should eat more seafood-at least twice a week-particularly pregnant women and young children. However, less than one in five Americans heed that advice. About one-third of Americans eat seafood once a week, while nearly half eat fish only occasionally or not at all. This calls for a drastic shift in the American diet to vary protein sources and include more seafood products in order to receive the most health benefits. This chapter covers (1) seafood nutrition and health benefits, (2) seafood's protective effects against mercury toxicity, (3) selenium health benefit values (HBVs), and (4) challenges and opportunities for seafood production, demand and sustainability. This chapter aims to convey recent advances in science-based information to increase public awareness of seafood safety, nutrition and health benefits of seafood as part of a healthy diet, and to advocate healthy eating with smart food choices by promoting two servings of seafood per week. This will support the healthy eating patterns and promotes a minimum two to three servings of seafood recommended by the current DGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengchu Liu
- University of Maryland-UME Sea Grant Extension Program, Center for Food Science and Technology, Princess Anne, MD, United States.
| | - Nicholas V C Ralston
- Earth System Science and Policy, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
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Macaron T, Giudici KV, Bowman GL, Sinclair A, Stephan E, Vellas B, de Souto Barreto P. Associations of Omega-3 fatty acids with brain morphology and volume in cognitively healthy older adults: A narrative review. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 67:101300. [PMID: 33607289 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human neurodevelopment is complete by the 4th decade of life at which point brain atrophy ensues with variable rate and regionality into old age. Literally all regions of the brain experience atrophy with older age, however the pattern and rate of atrophy can dictate the behavioral consequences (i.e., cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease). Substantial research has aimed to discover the reasons why some people experience greater morphologic changes that produce undesirable consequences with aging and how it may be prevented. One possible explanation is diet, particularly fish consumption and the intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega 3) concentrated in fish oil. This narrative review examines the available evidence on the association between omega-3 and brain volume in non-demented older adults. METHODS A PubMed search of the literature was conducted in search of studies that investigated the associations of omega-3 on brain morphology and volume in cognitively intact older adults. Inclusion criteria were: populations of adults aged 45 years or over, who were cognitively intact, free of any central nervous system disease, and free of advanced structural brain atrophy. Study participants had to have DHA and EPA levels measured either by blood testing or scoring of dietary intake. There were no restrictions to dates of publication. Studies including demented participants, or participants with substantial white or grey matter atrophy visible on magnetic resonance imaging were excluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The search identified only 12 studies, 8 of which were cross-sectional observational studies, 3 longitudinal observational studies, and 1 randomized controlled trial published between 2007 and 2019. The largest amount of evidence indicated that the hippocampus was most frequently involved in this association, with a higher volume associated with higher omega-3 levels. Larger total grey matter, total brain volume, and lower white matter lesion volume were also associated with higher omega-3 among four of the reviewed studies. However, most studies reviewed provided mixed findings regarding the presence or absence of the association of interest, and the findings were observed to be brain region-dependent. Current evidence is still insufficient to formulate recommendations for omega-3 intake to support brain health specifically.
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Van Dael P. Role of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in human nutrition and health: review of recent studies and recommendations. Nutr Res Pract 2021; 15:137-159. [PMID: 33841720 PMCID: PMC8007408 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2021.15.2.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-chain (LC) n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), in particular docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), are nutrients involved in many metabolic and physiological processes, and are referred to as n-3 LCPUFA. They have been extensively studied for their effects in human nutrition and health. This paper provides an overview on metabolism, sources, dietary intake, and status of n-3 LCPUFA. A summary of the dietary recommendations for n-3 LCPUFAs for different age groups as well as specific physiological conditions is provided. Evidence for n-3 LCPUFA in cardiovascular diseases, including new studies, is reviewed. Expert recommendations generally support a beneficial effect of n-3 LCPUFA on cardiovascular health and recommend a daily intake of 500 mg as DHA and EPA, or 1-2 servings of fish per week. The role of n-3 LCPUFA on brain health, in particular neurodegenerative disorders and depression, is reviewed. The evidence for beneficial effects of n-3 LCPUFA on neurodegenerative disorders is non-conclusive despite mechanistic support and observational data. Hence, no definite n-3 LCPUFA expert recommendations are made. Data for the beneficial effect of n-3 LCPUFA on depression are generally compelling. Expert recommendations have been established: 200-300 mg/day for depression; up to 1-2 g/day for major depressive disorder. Recent studies support a beneficial role of n-3 LCPUFAs in reducing the risk for premature birth, with a daily intake of 600-800 mg of DHA during pregnancy. Finally, international experts recently reviewed the scientific evidence on DHA and arachidonic acid (ARA) in infant nutrition and concluded that the totality of data support that infant and follow-on formulas should provide both DHA and ARA at levels similar to those in breast milk. In conclusion, the available scientific data support that dietary recommendations for n-3 LCPUFA should be established for the general population and for subjects with specific physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Van Dael
- Nutrition Science & Advocacy, DSM Nutritional Products, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
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Importance of EPA and DHA Blood Levels in Brain Structure and Function. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041074. [PMID: 33806218 PMCID: PMC8066148 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain structure and function depend on a constant and sufficient supply with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) by blood. Blood levels of EPA and DHA reflect dietary intake and other variables and are preferably assessed as percentage in erythrocytes with a well-documented and standardized analytical method (HS-Omega-3 Index®). Every human being has an Omega-3 Index between 2 and 20%, with an optimum of 8–11%. Compared to an optimal Omega-3 Index, a lower Omega-3 Index was associated with increased risk for total mortality and ischemic stroke, reduced brain volume, impaired cognition, accelerated progression to dementia, psychiatric diseases, compromises of complex brain functions, and other brain issues in epidemiologic studies. Most intervention trials, and their meta-analyses considered EPA and DHA as drugs with good bioavailability, a design tending to produce meaningful results in populations characterized by low baseline blood levels (e.g., in major depression), but otherwise responsible for many neutral results and substantial confusion. When trial results were evaluated using blood levels of EPA and DHA measured, effects were larger than comparing EPA and DHA to placebo groups, and paralleled epidemiologic findings. This indicates future trial design, and suggests a targeted use EPA and DHA, based on the Omega-3 Index.
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Sala-Vila A, Arenaza-Urquijo EM, Sánchez-Benavides G, Suárez-Calvet M, Milà-Alomà M, Grau-Rivera O, González-de-Echávarri JM, Crous-Bou M, Minguillón C, Fauria K, Operto G, Falcón C, Salvadó G, Cacciaglia R, Ingala S, Barkhof F, Schröder H, Scarmeas N, Gispert JD, Molinuevo JL. DHA intake relates to better cerebrovascular and neurodegeneration neuroimaging phenotypes in middle-aged adults at increased genetic risk of Alzheimer disease. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 113:1627-1635. [PMID: 33733657 PMCID: PMC8168359 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of APOE-ε4 alleles is a major nonmodifiable risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer disease (AD). There is increasing evidence on the benefits of dietary DHA (22:6n-3) before the onset of AD symptoms, particularly in APOE-ε4 carriers. Brain alterations in the preclinical stage can be detected by structural MRI. OBJECTIVES We aimed, in middle-aged cognitively unimpaired individuals at increased risk of AD, to cross-sectionally investigate whether dietary DHA intake relates to cognitive performance and to MRI-based markers of cerebral small vessel disease and AD-related neurodegeneration, exploring the effect modification by APOE-ε4 status. METHODS In 340 participants of the ALFA (ALzheimer and FAmilies) study, which is enriched for APOE-ε4 carriership (n = 122, noncarriers; n = 157, 1 allele; n = 61, 2 alleles), we assessed self-reported DHA intake through an FFQ. We measured cognitive performance by administering episodic memory and executive function tests. We performed high-resolution structural MRI to assess cerebral small vessel disease [white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) and cerebral microbleeds (CMBs)] and AD-related brain atrophy (cortical thickness in an AD signature). We constructed regression models adjusted for potential confounders, exploring the interaction DHA × APOE-ε4. RESULTS We observed no significant associations between DHA and cognitive performance or WMH burden. We observed a nonsignificant inverse association between DHA and prevalence of lobar CMBs (OR: 0.446; 95% CI: 0.195, 1.018; P = 0.055). DHA was found to be significantly related to greater cortical thickness in the AD signature in homozygotes but not in nonhomozygotes (P-interaction = 0.045). The association strengthened when analyzing homozygotes and nonhomozygotes matched for risk factors. CONCLUSIONS In cognitively unimpaired APOE-ε4 homozygotes, dietary DHA intake related to structural patterns that may result in greater resilience to AD pathology. This is consistent with the current hypothesis that those subjects at highest risk would obtain the largest benefits from DHA supplementation in the preclinical stage.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01835717.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eider M Arenaza-Urquijo
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain,Center for Biomedical Research Network on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Sánchez-Benavides
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain,Center for Biomedical Research Network on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc Suárez-Calvet
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain,Center for Biomedical Research Network on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain,Neurology Service, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Milà-Alomà
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain,Center for Biomedical Research Network on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Oriol Grau-Rivera
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain,Neurology Service, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M González-de-Echávarri
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain,Center for Biomedical Research Network on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Crous-Bou
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain,Center for Biomedical Research Network on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)–Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Minguillón
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Karine Fauria
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Grégory Operto
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain,Center for Biomedical Research Network on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carles Falcón
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain,Center for Biomedical Research Network on Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBERBBN), Madrid, Spain,Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Salvadó
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain,Center for Biomedical Research Network on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raffaele Cacciaglia
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain,Center for Biomedical Research Network on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Ingala
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands,Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom,Institute of Healthcare Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helmut Schröder
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain,Center for Biomedical Research Network on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nikolaos Scarmeas
- 1st Department of Neurology, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece,Department of Neurology, The Gertrude H Sergievsky Center, Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Juan-Domingo Gispert
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain,Center for Biomedical Research Network on Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBERBBN), Madrid, Spain,Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
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Asher A, Tintle NL, Myers M, Lockshon L, Bacareza H, Harris WS. Blood omega-3 fatty acids and death from COVID-19: A pilot study. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2021; 166:102250. [PMID: 33516093 PMCID: PMC7816864 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Very-long chain omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) have anti-inflammatory properties that may help reduce morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 infection. We conducted a pilot study in 100 patients to test the hypothesis that RBC EPA+DHA levels (the Omega-3 Index, O3I) would be inversely associated with risk for death by analyzing the O3I in banked blood samples drawn at hospital admission. Fourteen patients died, one of 25 in quartile 4 (Q4) (O3I ≥5.7%) and 13 of 75 in Q1-3. After adjusting for age and sex, the odds ratio for death in patients with an O3I in Q4 vs Q1-3 was 0.25, p = 0.07. Although not meeting the classical criteria for statistical significance, this strong trend suggests that a relationship may indeed exist, but more well-powered studies are clearly needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Asher
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Nathan L Tintle
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Dordt University, Sioux Center, IA
| | | | - Laura Lockshon
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Heribert Bacareza
- Department of Medical Affairs, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - William S Harris
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD; Department of Internal Medicine, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD.
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45
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Kim JS, Steffen BT, Podolanczuk AJ, Kawut SM, Noth I, Raghu G, Michos ED, Hoffman EA, Axelsson GT, Gudmundsson G, Gudnason V, Gudmundsson EF, Murphy RA, Dupuis J, Xu H, Vasan RS, O'Connor GT, Harris WS, Hunninghake GM, Barr RG, Tsai MY, Lederer DJ. Associations of ω-3 Fatty Acids With Interstitial Lung Disease and Lung Imaging Abnormalities Among Adults. Am J Epidemiol 2021; 190:95-108. [PMID: 32803215 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaa168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, attenuates interstitial lung disease (ILD) in experimental models, but human studies are lacking. We examined associations of circulating levels of DHA and other polyunsaturated fatty acids with hospitalization and death due to ILD over 12 years in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA; n = 6,573). We examined cross-sectional associations with CT lung abnormalities in MESA (2000-2012; n = 6,541), the Framingham Heart Study (2005-2011; n = 3,917), and the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik Study (AGES-Reykjavik) (2002-2006; n = 1,106). Polyunsaturated fatty acid levels were determined from fasting blood samples and extracted from plasma phospholipids (MESA and AGES-Reykjavik) or red blood cell membranes (Framingham Heart Study). Higher DHA levels were associated with a lower risk of hospitalization due to ILD (per standard-deviation increment, adjusted rate ratio = 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.48, 0.99) and a lower rate of death due to ILD (per standard-deviation increment, adjusted hazard ratio = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.47, 0.98). Higher DHA was associated with fewer interstitial lung abnormalities on computed tomography (per natural log increment, pooled adjusted odds ratio = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.46, 0.91). Higher DHA levels were associated with a lower risk of hospitalization and death due to ILD and fewer lung abnormalities on computed tomography in a meta-analysis of data from population-based cohort studies.
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46
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Cisbani G, Bazinet RP. The role of peripheral fatty acids as biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease and brain inflammation. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2021; 164:102205. [PMID: 33271431 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex and heterogeneous neurodegenerative disease. A wide range of techniques have been proposed to facilitate early diagnosis of AD, including biomarkers from the cerebrospinal fluid and blood. Although phosphorylated tau and amyloid beta are amongst the most promising biomarkers of AD, other peripheral biomarkers have been identified and in this review we synthesize the current knowledge on circulating fatty acids. Fatty acids are involved in different biological process including neurotransmission and inflammation. Interestingly, some fatty acids appear to be modulated during disease progression, including long chain saturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as docosahexaenoic acid . However, discrepant results have been reported in the literature and there is the need for further validation and method standardization. Nonetheless, our literature review suggests that fatty acid analyses could potentially provide a valuable source of data to further inform the pathology and progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cisbani
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Richard P Bazinet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada.
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Giudici KV. Nutrition-Based Approaches in Clinical Trials Targeting Cognitive Function: Highlights of the CTAD 2020. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2021; 8:118-122. [PMID: 33569556 PMCID: PMC7872721 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2021.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Clinical Trials on Alzheimer's Disease (CTAD) 2020 conference was the stage for researchers from all over the world to present their recent and ongoing research focused on potential Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatments and prevention of cognitive decline. Among a varied range of topics, nutritional aspects arose as possibilities of treatments towards the promotion of a healthy aging. Among the discussed themes, supplementation of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and multi-nutrient approaches were presented, suggesting that long-term supplementation (i.e., over 3 years) might be needed for observing positive effects on cognitive performance. Trials testing ketogenic agents and carbohydrate-restricted diet were also presented and showed promising effects on improving cognitive function of mild-cognitive impaired (MCI) and pre-diabetic individuals, respectively, in a short-term way (i.e. after 3 to 6 months). The combination of some of the nutritional approaches with physical activity interventions raises the question on whether they would individually perform in a similar way. Promising therapies involving nutrition appear to be safe and well tolerated by volunteers. Failures on achieving positive findings raise questions on whether they were driven by specific characteristics of the studied populations, insufficient doses or duration of treatment. Notwithstanding, current evidence on the applicability of nutrition-based approaches as AD treatments are encouraging but demand further research on the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Giudici
- Kelly Virecoulon Giudici, Gérontopôle of Toulouse, Institute of Aging, 37 Allée Jules Guesde, 31000 Toulouse, France, E-mail:
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Bai D, Fan J, Li M, Dong C, Gao Y, Fu M, Huang G, Liu H. Effects of Folic Acid Combined with DHA Supplementation on Cognitive Function and Amyloid-β-Related Biomarkers in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment by a Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 81:155-167. [PMID: 33749643 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neuroprotective benefits of combined folic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on cognitive function in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients are suggested but unconfirmed. OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of 6-month folic acid + DHA on cognitive function in patients with MCI. METHODS Our randomized controlled trial (trial number ChiCTR-IOR-16008351) was conducted in Tianjin, China. We divided 160 MCI patients aged > 60 years into four regimen groups randomly: folic acid (0.8 mg/day) + DHA (800 mg/day), folic acid (0.8 mg/day), DHA (800 mg/day), and placebo, for 6 months. Cognitive function and blood amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) biomarker levels were measured at baseline and 6 months. Cognitive function was also measured at 12 months. RESULTS A total of 138 patients completed this trial. Folic acid improved the full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ), arithmetic, and picture complement scores; DHA improved the FSIQ, information, arithmetic, and digit span scores; folic acid + DHA improved the arithmetic (difference 1.67, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.31) and digital span (1.33, 0.24 to 2.43) scores compared to placebo. At 12 months, all scores declined in the intervention groups. Folic acid and folic acid + DHA increased blood folate (folic acid + DHA: 7.70, 3.81 to 11.59) and S-adenosylmethionine (23.93, 1.86 to 46.00) levels and reduced homocysteine levels (-6.51, -10.57 to -2.45) compared to placebo. DHA lower the Aβ40 levels (-40.57, -79.79 to -1.35) compared to placebo (p < 0.05), and folic acid + DHA reduced the Aβ42 (-95.59, -150.76 to -40.43) and Aβ40 levels (-45.75, -84.67 to -6.84) more than DHA (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Folic acid and DHA improve cognitive function and reduce blood Aβ production in MCI patients. Combination therapy may be more beneficial in reducing blood Aβ-related biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Bai
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Nutrition, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Junting Fan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition, and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengyue Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition, and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Cuixia Dong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition, and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiming Gao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Hujiayuan Community Health Service Center of Binhai New Area, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Fu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition, and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Guowei Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition, and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition, and Public Health, Tianjin, China
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49
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Cutuli D, Landolfo E, Nobili A, De Bartolo P, Sacchetti S, Chirico D, Marini F, Pieroni L, Ronci M, D'Amelio M, D'Amato FR, Farioli-Vecchioli S, Petrosini L. Behavioral, neuromorphological, and neurobiochemical effects induced by omega-3 fatty acids following basal forebrain cholinergic depletion in aged mice. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2020; 12:150. [PMID: 33198763 PMCID: PMC7667851 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-00705-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background In recent years, mechanistic, epidemiologic, and interventional studies have indicated beneficial effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) against brain aging and age-related cognitive decline, with the most consistent effects against Alzheimer’s disease (AD) confined especially in the early or prodromal stages of the pathology. In the present study, we investigated the action of n-3 PUFA supplementation on behavioral performances and hippocampal neurogenesis, volume, and astrogliosis in aged mice subjected to a selective depletion of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons. Such a lesion represents a valuable model to mimic one of the most reliable hallmarks of early AD neuropathology. Methods Aged mice first underwent mu-p75-saporin immunotoxin intraventricular lesions to obtain a massive cholinergic depletion and then were orally supplemented with n-3 PUFA or olive oil (as isocaloric control) for 8 weeks. Four weeks after the beginning of the dietary supplementation, anxiety levels as well as mnesic, social, and depressive-like behaviors were evaluated. Subsequently, hippocampal morphological and biochemical analyses and n-3 PUFA brain quantification were carried out. Results The n-3 PUFA treatment regulated the anxiety alterations and reverted the novelty recognition memory impairment induced by the cholinergic depletion in aged mice. Moreover, n-3 PUFA preserved hippocampal volume, enhanced neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus, and reduced astrogliosis in the hippocampus. Brain levels of n-3 PUFA were positively related to mnesic abilities. Conclusions The demonstration that n-3 PUFA are able to counteract behavioral deficits and hippocampal neurodegeneration in cholinergically depleted aged mice promotes their use as a low-cost, safe nutraceutical tool to improve life quality at old age, even in the presence of first stages of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Cutuli
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy. .,University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
| | - Eugenia Landolfo
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Nobili
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,University "Campus Bio-Medico", Rome, Italy
| | - Paola De Bartolo
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Department of Human Sciences, Guglielmo Marconi University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Doriana Chirico
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CNR, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Federica Marini
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Ronci
- Department of Pharmacy, University G. D'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marcello D'Amelio
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,University "Campus Bio-Medico", Rome, Italy
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50
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The association of dietary patterns with cognition through the lens of neuroimaging-a Systematic review. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 63:101145. [PMID: 32818651 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite the reported benefits of diet on cognition in older adults, randomized controlled trials (RCT) testing the impact of dietary interventions on cognitive scores have yielded less promising results when cognition was assessed via neuropsychological tests. More recently, neuroimaging has been used to identify more subtle brain-related changes associated to cognition. Hence, employing a combination of neuroimaging techniques with neuropsychological tests could clarify this controversy. To determine the effect of diet on cognitive performance, we conducted a systematic review of PubMed and Scopus databases for all studies, on middle-aged and older adults, combining neuroimaging, neuropsychological tests, and data on dietary patterns. The inclusion criteria were met by 14 observational studies and no RCTs. The range of brain measures assessed varied from volumes to white matter integrity, functional connectivity, brain glucose metabolism and beta-amyloid deposition. Given the variability of methods used in assessing cognitive performance, diet and brain correlates, conducting a meta-analysis was not possible. Here the evidence suggests that, in observational studies, dietary patterns may be associated with brain correlates that have been shown to precede cognitive decline. As such, neuroimaging should be included in future RCTs to identify any benefits of diet on brain measures linked with cognitive health.
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