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Ting CP, Ma MC, Chang HI, Huang CW, Chou MC, Chang CC. Diet Pattern Analysis in Alzheimer's Disease Implicates Gender Differences in Folate-B12-Homocysteine Axis on Cognitive Outcomes. Nutrients 2024; 16:733. [PMID: 38474861 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Low plasma B12 and folate levels or hyperhomocysteinemia are related to cognitive impairment. This study explores the relationships among diet pattern, blood folate-B12-homocysteine levels, and cognition measurement in Alzheimer's disease (AD) while exploring whether a gender effect may exist. METHODS This cross-sectional study enrolled 592 AD patients (246 males, 346 females) and the demographic data, blood biochemical profiles, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) for quantitative assessment of dietary frequency were collected. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed to explore the associations among dietary patterns, blood profiles, and cognition. A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression model, stratified by gender, was constructed to analyze the weighting of possible confounders. RESULTS Higher MMSE scores were related to higher frequencies of coffee/tea and higher educational levels, body mass index, and younger age. The SEM model revealed a direct influence of dietary frequencies (skimmed milk, thin pork, coffee/tea) and blood profiles (homocysteine, B12, and folate) on cognitive outcomes. At the same time, the influence of dietary pattern on cognition was not mediated by folate-B12-homocysteine levels. In males, a direct influence on the MMSE is attributed to B12, while in females, homocysteine is considered a more critical factor. CONCLUSIONS Dietary patterns and blood profiles are both associated with cognitive domains in AD, and there are gender differences in the associations of dietary patterns and the levels of B12 and homocysteine. To enhance the quality of dietary care and nutritional status for individuals with dementia, our study results still require future validations with multi-center and longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ping Ting
- Department of Nursing, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- School of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan
| | - Mi-Chia Ma
- Department of Statistics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-I Chang
- Department of Neurology, Cognition and Aging Center, Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123 Ta Pei Road, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wei Huang
- Department of Neurology, Cognition and Aging Center, Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123 Ta Pei Road, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Man-Chun Chou
- School of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan
- School of Nursing, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Chih Chang
- Department of Neurology, Cognition and Aging Center, Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123 Ta Pei Road, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80421, Taiwan
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Witucki Ł, Jakubowski H. Homocysteine metabolites inhibit autophagy, elevate amyloid beta, and induce neuropathy by impairing Phf8/H4K20me1-dependent epigenetic regulation of mTOR in cystathionine β-synthase-deficient mice. J Inherit Metab Dis 2023; 46:1114-1130. [PMID: 37477632 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The loss of cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), an important homocysteine (Hcy)-metabolizing enzyme or the loss of PHF8, an important histone demethylase participating in epigenetic regulation, causes severe intellectual disability in humans. Similar neuropathies were also observed in Cbs-/- and Phf8-/- mice. How CBS or PHF8 depletion can cause neuropathy was unknown. To answer this question, we examined a possible interaction between PHF8 and CBS using Cbs-/- mouse and neuroblastoma cell models. We quantified gene expression by RT-qPCR and western blotting, mTOR-bound H4K20me1 by chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIP) assay, and amyloid β (Aβ) by confocal fluorescence microscopy using anti-Aβ antibody. We found significantly reduced expression of Phf8, increased H4K20me1, increased mTOR expression and phosphorylation, and increased App, both on protein and mRNA levels in brains of Cbs-/- mice versus Cbs+/- sibling controls. Autophagy-related Becn1, Atg5, and Atg7 were downregulated while p62, Nfl, and Gfap were upregulated on protein and mRNA levels, suggesting reduced autophagy and increased neurodegeneration in Cbs-/- brains. In mouse neuroblastoma N2a or N2a-APPswe cells, treatments with Hcy-thiolactone, N-Hcy-protein or Hcy, or Cbs gene silencing by RNA interference significantly reduced Phf8 expression and increased total H4K20me1 as well as mTOR promoter-bound H4K20me1. This led to transcriptional mTOR upregulation, autophagy downregulation, and significantly increased APP and Aβ levels. The Phf8 gene silencing increased Aβ, but not APP, levels. Taken together, our findings identify Phf8 as a regulator of Aβ synthesis and suggest that neuropathy of Cbs deficiency is mediated by Hcy metabolites, which transcriptionally dysregulate the Phf8 → H4K20me1 → mTOR → autophagy pathway thereby increasing Aβ accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Witucki
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Hieronim Jakubowski
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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3
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Abstract
Elevated circulating homocysteine levels have been associated with cognitive impairment and cardio-cerebro-vascular events. Levodopa treatment of Parkinson's disease tends to further elevate circulating homocysteine levels due to the metabolism of levodopa via catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). COMT co-factors are vitamins B12, B6 and folic acid. Accumulating deficiencies of these vitamins are presumed to be the substrate for the homocysteine elevation. B-vitamin therapy reduces homocysteine levels. This begs the question of whether Parkinson's disease patients on levodopa should be concurrently treated with ongoing B-vitamin therapy (versus long-term monitoring of B-vitamins/homocysteine). There is a substantial literature on this topic that has accumulated over the last quarter-century, and this topic is still debated. This review summarizes the relevant literature with the aim of approximating closure on this issue. Also, noteworthy is that Parkinson's disease patients with renal insufficiency may not tolerate cyanocobalamin, the standard oral B12 supplement due to facilitation of renal decline; alternatives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Eric Ahlskog
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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4
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Wang J, Wang C, Li X, Guo J, Dove A, Cui Z, Xu W. Association of Anemia with Cognitive Function and Dementia Among Older Adults: The Role of Inflammation. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 96:125-134. [PMID: 37742647 PMCID: PMC10657670 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of anemia with cognitive function and dementia remains unclear. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the association of anemia with cognitive function and dementia risk and to explore the role of inflammation in these associations. METHODS Within the UK Biobank, 207,203 dementia-free participants aged 60+ were followed for up to 16 years. Hemoglobin (HGB) and C-creative protein (CRP) were measured from blood samples taken at baseline. Anemia was defined as HGB <13 g/dL for males and <12 g/dL for females. Inflammation was categorized as low or high according to the median CRP level (1.50 mg/L). A subset of 18,211 participants underwent cognitive assessments (including global and domain-specific cognitive). Data were analyzed using linear mixed-effects model, Cox regression, and Laplace regression. RESULTS Anemia was associated with faster declines in global cognition (β= -0.08, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.14, -0.01) and processing speed (β= -0.10, 95% CI: -0.19, -0.01). During the follow-up of 9.76 years (interquartile range 7.55 to 11.39), 6,272 developed dementia. The hazard ratio of dementia was 1.57 (95% CI: 1.38, 1.78) for people with anemia, and anemia accelerated dementia onset by 1.53 (95% CI: 1.08, 1.97) years. The risk of dementia tended to be higher in people with both anemia and high CRP (1.89, 95% CI: 1.60, 2.22). There was a statistically significant interaction between anemia and CRP on dementia risk (p-interaction = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS Anemia is associated with cognitive decline (specifically for processing speed) and increased risk of dementia, especially in people with high inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, The Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Guo
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Abigail Dove
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhuang Cui
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Weili Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Luzzi S, Cherubini V, Falsetti L, Viticchi G, Silvestrini M, Toraldo A. Homocysteine, Cognitive Functions, and Degenerative Dementias: State of the Art. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2741. [PMID: 36359260 PMCID: PMC9687733 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
There is strong evidence that homocysteine is a risk factor not only for cerebrovascular diseases but also for degenerative dementias. A recent consensus statement renewed the importance and the role of high levels of homocysteine in cognitive decline in several forms of degenerative dementia, such as Alzheimer's disease. Although the molecular mechanisms by which homocysteine causes cell dysfunction are known, both the impact of homocysteine on specific cognitive functions and the relationship between homocysteine level and non-Alzheimer dementias have been poorly investigated. Most of the studies addressing the impact of hyperhomocysteinemia on dementias have not examined the profile of performance across different cognitive domains, and have only relied on screening tests, which provide a very general and coarse-grained picture of the cognitive status of the patients. Yet, trying to understand whether hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with the impairment of specific cognitive functions would be crucial, as it would be, in parallel, learning whether some brain circuits are particularly susceptible to the damage caused by hyperhomocysteinemia. These steps would allow one to (i) understand the actual role of homocysteine in the pathogenesis of cognitive decline and (ii) improve the diagnostic accuracy, differential diagnosis and prognostic implications. This review is aimed at exploring and revising the state of the art of these two strictly related domains. Suggestions for future research are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Luzzi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Veronica Cherubini
- Neurology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Falsetti
- Internal and Subintensive Medicine Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria “Ospedali Riuniti” di Ancona, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Giovanna Viticchi
- Neurology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria “Ospedali Riuniti” di Ancona, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Mauro Silvestrini
- Neurology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Alessio Toraldo
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), 20126 Milan, Italy
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Silberstein RB, Pipingas A, Scholey AB. Homocysteine Modulates Brain Functional Connectivity in a Memory Retrieval Task. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:199-209. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-220612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Homocysteine, a methionine metabolite, is a recognized risk factor for accelerated age-related cognitive decline and dementia. Objective: In the light of studies indicating increases in brain activity and brain functional connectivity in the early stages of age-related cognitive decline, we undertook a study to examine the relationship between plasma homocysteine levels and brain functional connectivity in a group of late middle-aged males at risk of cognitive decline due to high body mass index and a sedentary lifestyle. Methods: Brain functional connectivity was measured using the steady state visual evoked potential event related partial coherence while 38 participants performed a memory task where each trial comprised an object recognition task followed by a location memory task. Results: We observed a significant transient peak in the correlation between plasma homocysteine levels and fronto-parietal brain functional connectivity immediately before the presentation of the memory location component of the task. Significantly, this correlation was only apparent if the participant pool included individuals with homocysteine concentrations above 11μmole/L. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the increased brain functional connectivity observed in the earlier stages of age-related cognitive decline reflects pathognomonic changes in brain function and not compensatory changes engaged to enhance task performance. Our findings also suggest that homocysteine interferes with the inhibition of cortical networks where this inhibition is necessary for optimum task performance. Finally, we observed that the effect of homocysteine on brain functional connectivity is only apparent at concentrations above 11μmol/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B. Silberstein
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
- Neuro-Insight Pty Ltd, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Pipingas
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew B. Scholey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
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7
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Przybycien-gaweda PM, Lee TS, Lim WS, Chong MS, Yap P, Cheong CY, Rawtaer I, Liew TM, Gwee X, Gao Q, Yap KB, Ng TP. One-Carbon Metabolism Biomarkers and Risks of Incident Neurocognitive Disorder among Cognitively Normal Older Adults. Nutrients 2022; 14:3535. [PMID: 36079793 PMCID: PMC9459953 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a lack of evidence supporting an association between folate and vitamin B12 exposure with cognitive outcomes. We examined serum folate and vitamin B12 and plasma homocysteine in 690 cognitively-normal adults (aged ≥ 55) from the Singapore Longitudinal Aging Study (SLAS-2) followed-up over 4.5 years on incident neurocognitive disorder (NCD): mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. At follow-up, 5.7% (39) of participants developed NCD (34 MCI and 5 dementia). Comparing with those who remained cognitively-normal, participants progressed to NCD had significantly lower mean baseline vitamin B12 (420 [SD ± 221] vs. 510 [SD ± 290] pmol/L, p = 0.026), higher homocysteine (14.6 [SD ± 4.2] vs. 12.9 [SD ± 4.3], p = 0.018) and lower one-carbon index (Z-scores: −0.444 [SD ± 0.819] vs. −0.001 [SD ± 0.990], p = 0.006). Adjusted for confounders, significant associations with incident NCD were found for lower vitamin B12 (per-SD OR = 2.10, 95%CI = 1.26–3.52), higher homocysteine (per-SD OR = 1.96, 95%CI = 1.18–3.24) and lower one-carbon index (per-SD OR = 1.67, 95%CI = 1.06–2.64). Folate was not significantly associated with progression to NCD. Notably, low B12 in the presence of high folate was significantly associated with incident NCD (adjusted OR = 3.81, 95%CI = 1.04–13.9). Low B12, high homocysteine, low B12 in the presence of high folate, and a one-carbon index of hypo-methylation were independently associated with progression to NCD among cognitively normal.
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8
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Wang Q, Zhao J, Chang H, Liu X, Zhu R. Homocysteine and Folic Acid: Risk Factors for Alzheimer's Disease-An Updated Meta-Analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:665114. [PMID: 34122042 PMCID: PMC8188894 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.665114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent studies have reported that homocysteine (Hcy) may play a vital role in the pathogenesis of vascular dementia (VaD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our study explored the relationship between the plasma Hcy and folate levels and the risk of dementia. Methods: We searched Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science for published literature, including case-control studies and prospective cohort studies, and performed a systematic analysis. Results: The results of our meta-analysis, consisting of case-control studies, showed higher levels of Hcy and lower levels of folate in dementia, AD, and VaD patients than those in non-demented controls (for dementia: SMD = 0.812, 95% CI [0.689, 0.936], p = 0.000 for Hcy; SMD = −0.677, 95% CI [−0.828, −0.525], p = 0.000 for folate). AD patients showed significantly lower plasma Hcy levels compared to VaD patients (SMD = −0.278, 95% CI [−0.466, −0.09], p = 0.000). Subgroup analysis revealed that ethnicity, average age, and dementia type had no significant effect on this association. Furthermore, from the analysis of prospective cohort studies, we identified that elevated plasma Hcy levels were associated with an increased risk of dementia, AD, and VaD (RRdementia = 1.22, 95% CI [1.08, 1.36]; RRAD = 1.07, 95% CI [1.04, 1.11]; RRVaD = 1.13, 95% CI [1.04, 1.23]). In addition, every 5 μmol/L increase in the plasma Hcy level was associated with a 9% increased risk of dementia and a 12% increased risk of AD. Conclusion: Hcy and folic acid are potential predictors of the occurrence and development of AD. A better understanding of their function in dementia could provide evidence for clinicians to rationalize clinical intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongtao Chang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ruixia Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Beydoun MA, Shaked D, Hossain S, Beydoun HA, Katzel LI, Davatzikos C, Gullapalli RP, Seliger SL, Erus G, Evans MK, Zonderman AB, Waldstein SR. Corrigendum: Vitamin D, Folate, and Cobalamin Serum Concentrations Are Related to Brain Volume and White Matter Integrity in Urban Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:660049. [PMID: 33953664 PMCID: PMC8092045 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.660049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- May A Beydoun
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, The National Institute on Aging (NIA) the Intramural Research Program (IRP), The National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Danielle Shaked
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, The National Institute on Aging (NIA) the Intramural Research Program (IRP), The National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD, United States
| | - Sharmin Hossain
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, The National Institute on Aging (NIA) the Intramural Research Program (IRP), The National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Hind A Beydoun
- Department of Research Programs, Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, Fort Belvoir, VA, United States
| | - Leslie I Katzel
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Division of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- Section for Biomedical Image Analysis, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Rao P Gullapalli
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Stephen L Seliger
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Guray Erus
- Section for Biomedical Image Analysis, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michele K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, The National Institute on Aging (NIA) the Intramural Research Program (IRP), The National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, The National Institute on Aging (NIA) the Intramural Research Program (IRP), The National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Shari R Waldstein
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD, United States.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Division of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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10
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Beydoun MA, Shaked D, Hossain S, Beydoun HA, Katzel LI, Davatzikos C, Gullapalli RP, Seliger SL, Erus G, Evans MK, Zonderman AB, Waldstein SR. Vitamin D, Folate, and Cobalamin Serum Concentrations Are Related to Brain Volume and White Matter Integrity in Urban Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:140. [PMID: 32523528 PMCID: PMC7261885 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives: Lower vitamin status has been linked to cognitive deficits, pending mechanistic elucidation. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], folate and cobalamin were explored against brain volumes and white matter integrity (WMI). Methods: Two prospective waves from Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity Across the Life Span (HANDLS) study were primarily used [Baltimore, City, MD, 2004–2015, N = 183–240 urban adults (Agev1: 30–64 years)]. Serum vitamin 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], folate and cobalamin concentrations were measured at visits 1 (v1: 2004–2009), while structural and diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (sMRI/dMRI) outcomes were measured at vscan: 2011–2015. Top 10 ranked adjusted associations were corrected for multiple testing using familywise Bonferroni (FWER < 0.05) and false discovery rates (FDR, q-value < 0.10). Results: We found statistically significant (FWER < 0.05; β±SE) direct associations of 25(OH)D(v1) with WM volumes [overall: +910 ± 336/males: +2,054 ± 599], occipital WM; [overall: +140 ± 40, males: +261 ± 67 and Agev1 > 50 years: +205 ± 54]; parietal WM; [overall: +251 ± 77, males: +486 ± 129 and Agev1 > 50 years: +393 ± 108] and left occipital pole volume [overall: +15.70 ± 3.83 and above poverty: 19.0 ± 4.3]. Only trends were detected for cobalamin exposures (q < 0.10), while serum folate (v1) was associated with lower mean diffusivity (MD) in the Anterior Limb of the Internal Capsule (ALIC), reflecting greater WMI, overall, while regional FA (e.g., cingulum gyrus) was associated with greater 25(OH)D concentration. Conclusions: Among urban adults, serum 25(OH)D status was consistently linked to larger occipital and parietal WM volumes and greater region-specific WMI. Pending longitudinal replication of our findings, randomized controlled trials of vitamin D supplementation should be conducted against brain marker outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- May A Beydoun
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, The National Institute on Aging (NIA) The Intramural Research Program (IRP), The National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Danielle Shaked
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, The National Institute on Aging (NIA) The Intramural Research Program (IRP), The National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD, United States
| | - Sharmin Hossain
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, The National Institute on Aging (NIA) The Intramural Research Program (IRP), The National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Hind A Beydoun
- Department of Research Programs, Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, Fort Belvoir, VA, United States
| | - Leslie I Katzel
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Division of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- Section for Biomedical Image Analysis, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Rao P Gullapalli
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Stephen L Seliger
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Guray Erus
- Section for Biomedical Image Analysis, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michele K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, The National Institute on Aging (NIA) The Intramural Research Program (IRP), The National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, The National Institute on Aging (NIA) The Intramural Research Program (IRP), The National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Shari R Waldstein
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD, United States.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Division of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Beydoun MA, Tajuddin SM, Shaked D, Beydoun HA, Evans MK, Zonderman AB. One-carbon metabolism gene polymorphisms are associated with cognitive trajectory among African-American adults. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 84:238.e5-238.e18. [PMID: 31208817 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The sex-specific link between longitudinal annual rate of cognitive change (LARCC) and polymorphisms in one-carbon metabolism enzymatic genes remains unclear, particularly among African-American adults. We tested associations of 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from MTHFR, MTRR, MTR, and SHMT genes and select MTHFR haplotypes and latent classes (SNPHAP/SNPLC) with LARCC. Up to 797 African-American participants in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span study (age: 30-64 y, 52% women) had 1.6-1.7 (i.e., 1 or 2) repeated measures (follow-up time, mean = 4.69 y) on 9 cognitive test scores, reflecting verbal and visual memory, verbal fluency, psychomotor speed, attention, and executive function: California Verbal Learning Test-immediate recall (CVLT-List A), CVLT-DFR (delayed free recall), Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT), Animal Fluency (AF), Digits Span Forward and Backward tests, and Trail Making Test parts A and B (Trails A and B). Multiple linear mixed-effects and multiple linear regression models were conducted. Overall, MTHFR SNPs rs4846051(A1317G, G>A) and rs1801131(A1298C, G>T) were associated with slower and faster declines on AF, respectively, whereas rs2066462(C1056T, A>G) was related to slower decline on Trails B (executive function). Among men, rs4846051(A1317G, G>A) was linked to faster decline on BVRT (visual memory), whereas rs2066462(C1056T, A>G) and rs9651118(C>T) were associated with slower decline on CVLT-List A and rs9651118(C>T) with faster decline on CVLT-DFR. Among women, a slower decline on the domain "verbal memory/fluency" was observed with rs1801133(C677T, A>G). MTHFR2SNPHAP [rs1801133(C677T, A>G)/rs1801131(A1298C, G>T): GG] was associated with slower decline on AF among women, whereas MTHFR3SNPHAP(AT) was linked with slower decline on CVLT-List A among men but faster decline on "verbal memory/fluency" among women. Similar patterns were observed for MTHFR SNPLCs. In sum, MTHFR gene variations can differentially impact longitudinal changes in multiple cognitive domains among African-American adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- May A Beydoun
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Salman M Tajuddin
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Danielle Shaked
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Catonsville, MD, USA
| | - Hind A Beydoun
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michele K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Tan B, Venketasubramanian N, Vrooman H, Cheng CY, Wong TY, Ikram MK, Chen C, Hilal S. Homocysteine and Cerebral Atrophy: The Epidemiology of Dementia in Singapore Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 62:877-885. [PMID: 29480177 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma homocysteine levels are increasingly studied as a potential risk factor for dementia. Elevated homocysteine levels have been linked with gray and white matter volume reduction among individuals with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. However, the effects of homocysteine on brain changes in preclinical stages of dementia remain unexplored. OBJECTIVE To examine the association of elevated homocysteine levels with markers of neurodegeneration, i.e., white and gray matter volume in an elderly population. METHODS The study included 768 participants (mean age: 69.6±6.5 years, 51.3% women) from the Epidemiology of Dementia In Singapore study. Participants underwent a brain MRI scan and blood tests. Serum homocysteine was measured using competitive immunoassay. Cortical thickness and subcortical structural volume were quantified using FreeSurfer whereas white matter volume was quantified using a previous validated method. RESULTS Higher homocysteine levels were significantly associated with decreased global white matter volume [mean difference (β) in volume (ml) per micromole per liter (μmol/l) increase in homocysteine levels: - 0.555, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): - 0.873; - 0.237], decreased parietal cortical thickness [β in thickness (μm) per μmol/l increase in homocysteine levels:- 1.429, 95% CI: - 2.781; - 0.077], and smaller volumes of the thalamus [β: - 0.017, 95% CI: - 0.026; - 0.008], brainstem [β: - 0.037, 95% CI: - 0.058; - 0.016], and accumbens [β: - 0.004, 95% CI: - 0.006; - 0.002]. CONCLUSION Higher homocysteine levels were associated with cerebral atrophy. Further studies are required to assess whether lowering plasma homocysteine levels may prevent neurodegenerative changes or delay progression of clinical symptoms before the development of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce Tan
- Memory Ageing and Cognition Center (MACC), National University Health System, Singapore
| | | | - Henri Vrooman
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore.,Academic Medicine Research Institute, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Tien Yin Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore.,Academic Medicine Research Institute, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | | | - Christopher Chen
- Memory Ageing and Cognition Center (MACC), National University Health System, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Saima Hilal
- Memory Ageing and Cognition Center (MACC), National University Health System, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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13
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Reddan JM, Macpherson H, White DJ, Scholey A, Pipingas A. Examining the relationship between nutrition and cerebral structural integrity in older adults without dementia. Nutr Res Rev 2019; 32:79-98. [PMID: 30378509 DOI: 10.1017/S0954422418000185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The proportion of adults aged 60 years and over is expected to increase over the coming decades. This ageing of the population represents an important health issue, given that marked reductions to cerebral macro- and microstructural integrity are apparent with increasing age. Reduced cerebral structural integrity in older adults appears to predict poorer cognitive performance, even in the absence of clinical disorders such as dementia. As such, it is becoming increasingly important to identify those factors predicting cerebral structural integrity, especially factors that are modifiable. One such factor is nutritional intake. While the literature is limited, data from available cross-sectional studies indicate that increased intake of nutrients such as B vitamins (for example, B6, B12 and folate), choline, n-3 fatty acids and vitamin D, or increased adherence to prudent whole diets (for example, the Mediterranean diet) predicts greater cerebral structural integrity in older adults. There is even greater scarcity of randomised clinical trials investigating the effects of nutritional supplementation on cerebral structure, though it appears that supplementation with B vitamins (B6, B12 and folic acid) or n-3 fatty acids (DHA or EPA) may be beneficial. The current review presents an overview of available research examining the relationship between key nutrients or adherence to select diets and cerebral structural integrity in dementia-free older adults.
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Fahmy EM, Elfayoumy NM, Abdelalim AM, Sharaf SAA, Ismail RS, Elshebawy H. Relation of serum levels of homocysteine, vitamin B12 and folate to cognitive functions in multiple sclerosis patients. Int J Neurosci 2018; 128:835-841. [PMID: 29384421 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2018.1435538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperhomocysteinemia, vitamin B12 and folate deficiency have been linked to cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the relation of serum homocysteine (Hcy), vitamin B12 and folate to cognitive functions in MS patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Forty-five MS patients and twenty matched healthy controls were included. Subjects were submitted to cognitive assessment using a selected psychometric battery and measurement of serum levels of homocysteine, B12 and folic acid. RESULTS MS patients showed significant worse performance in cognitive scales compared to controls (P ≤ 0.05). Serum homocysteine, vitamin B12 and folate showed no significant difference between patients and controls (P > 0.05). Serum homocysteine was negatively correlated with total score of Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE), paced auditory serial addition test and controlled oral word association test scores. Serum vitamin B12 was positively correlated with ACE language, visuospatial and total scores and negatively correlated with trail making B score. Serum folate was significantly positively correlated with ACE language and total scores. Homocysteine was the only significant predictor for cognitive impairment in MS patients. CONCLUSION Serum homocysteine may play a role in cognitive dysfunction in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rania Shehata Ismail
- a Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Haidy Elshebawy
- a Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
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15
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16
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Qin B, Xun P, Jacobs DR, Zhu N, Daviglus ML, Reis JP, Steffen LM, Van Horn L, Sidney S, He K. Intake of niacin, folate, vitamin B-6, and vitamin B-12 through young adulthood and cognitive function in midlife: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 106:1032-1040. [PMID: 28768650 PMCID: PMC5611785 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.117.157834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Epidemiologic evidence regarding niacin, folate, vitamin B-6, and vitamin B-12 intake in relation to cognitive function is limited, especially in midlife.Objective: We hypothesize that higher intake of these B vitamins in young adulthood is associated with better cognition later in life.Design: This study comprised a community-based multicenter cohort of black and white men and women aged 18-30 y in 1985-1986 (year 0, i.e., baseline) from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study (n = 3136). We examined participants' CARDIA diet history at years 0, 7, and 20 to assess nutrient intake, including dietary and supplemental B vitamins. We measured cognitive function at year 25 (mean ± SD age: 50 ± 4 y) through the use of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) for verbal memory, the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) for psychomotor speed, and a modified Stroop interference test for executive function. Higher RAVLT and DSST scores and a lower Stroop score indicated better cognitive function. We used multivariable-adjusted linear regressions to estimate mean differences in cognitive scores and 95% CIs.Results: Comparing the highest quintile with the lowest (quintile 5 compared with quintile 1), cumulative total intake of niacin was significantly associated with 3.92 more digits on the DSST (95% CI: 2.28, 5.55; P-trend < 0.01) and 1.89 points lower interference score on the Stroop test (95% CI: -3.10, -0.68; P-trend = 0.05). Total folate was associated with 2.56 more digits on the DSST (95% CI: 0.82, 4.31; P-trend = 0.01). We also found that higher intakes of vitamin B-6 (quartile 5 compared with quartile 1: 2.62; 95% CI: 0.97, 4.28; P-trend = 0.02) and vitamin B-12 (quartile 5 compared with quartile 1: 2.08; 95% CI: 0.52, 3.65; P-trend = 0.02) resulted in better psychomotor speed measured by DSST scores.Conclusion: Higher intake of B vitamins throughout young adulthood was associated with better cognitive function in midlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Qin
- Department of Population Science, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Pengcheng Xun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN
| | - David R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Na Zhu
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Martha L Daviglus
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Jared P Reis
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Lyn M Steffen
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Linda Van Horn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; and
| | - Stephen Sidney
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | - Ka He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN;
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Arora K, Sequeira JM, Hernández AI, Alarcon JM, Quadros EV. Behavioral alterations are associated with vitamin B12 deficiency in the transcobalamin receptor/CD320 KO mouse. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177156. [PMID: 28545069 PMCID: PMC5436650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency is prevalent worldwide and causes megaloblastic anemia and neurologic deficits. While the anemia can be treated, the neurologic deficits can become refractive to treatment as the disease progresses. Therefore, timely intervention is critical for a favorable outcome. Moreover, the metabolic basis for the neuro-pathologic changes and the role of cobalamin deficiency in the pathology still remains unexplained. Using a transcobalamin receptor / CD320 knockout mouse that lacks the receptor for cellular uptake of transcobalamin bound cobalamin, we aimed to determine whether cobalamin deficiency in the central nervous system produced functional neurologic deficits in the mouse that would parallel those observed in humans. Our behavioral analyses indicate elevated anxiety and deficits in learning, memory and set-shifting of a spatial memory task in the KO mouse. Consistent with the behavioral deficits, the knockout mouse shows impaired expression of the early phase of hippocampal long-term potentiation along with reduced expression of GluR1, decreased brain mass and a significant reduction in the size of nuclei of the hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Our study suggests that the CD320 knockout mouse develops behavioral deficits associated with cobalamin deficiency and therefore could provide a model to understand the metabolic and genetic basis of neuro-pathologic changes due to cobalamin deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveri Arora
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey M. Sequeira
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Alejandro I. Hernández
- Department of Pathology, The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Juan M. Alarcon
- Department of Pathology, The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Edward V. Quadros
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
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18
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Vauzour D, Camprubi-Robles M, Miquel-Kergoat S, Andres-Lacueva C, Bánáti D, Barberger-Gateau P, Bowman GL, Caberlotto L, Clarke R, Hogervorst E, Kiliaan AJ, Lucca U, Manach C, Minihane AM, Mitchell ES, Perneczky R, Perry H, Roussel AM, Schuermans J, Sijben J, Spencer JPE, Thuret S, van de Rest O, Vandewoude M, Wesnes K, Williams RJ, Williams RSB, Ramirez M. Nutrition for the ageing brain: Towards evidence for an optimal diet. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 35:222-240. [PMID: 27713095 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As people age they become increasingly susceptible to chronic and extremely debilitating brain diseases. The precise cause of the neuronal degeneration underlying these disorders, and indeed normal brain ageing remains however elusive. Considering the limits of existing preventive methods, there is a desire to develop effective and safe strategies. Growing preclinical and clinical research in healthy individuals or at the early stage of cognitive decline has demonstrated the beneficial impact of nutrition on cognitive functions. The present review is the most recent in a series produced by the Nutrition and Mental Performance Task Force under the auspice of the International Life Sciences Institute Europe (ILSI Europe). The latest scientific advances specific to how dietary nutrients and non-nutrient may affect cognitive ageing are presented. Furthermore, several key points related to mechanisms contributing to brain ageing, pathological conditions affecting brain function, and brain biomarkers are also discussed. Overall, findings are inconsistent and fragmented and more research is warranted to determine the underlying mechanisms and to establish dose-response relationships for optimal brain maintenance in different population subgroups. Such approaches are likely to provide the necessary evidence to develop research portfolios that will inform about new dietary recommendations on how to prevent cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Vauzour
- University of East Anglia, Norwich Medical School, Norwich NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Camprubi-Robles
- Abbott Nutrition R&D, Abbott Laboratories, Camino de Purchil 68, 18004 Granada, Spain
| | | | | | - Diána Bánáti
- International Life Sciences Institute, Europe (ILSI Europe), Av E. Mounier 83, Box 6, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Gene L Bowman
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laura Caberlotto
- The Microsoft Research-University of Trento, Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), Piazza Manifattura 1, 38068 Rovereto, TN, Italy
| | - Robert Clarke
- Oxford University, Richard Doll Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, OX3 7LF Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Eef Hogervorst
- Loughborough University, Brockington Building, Asby Road, LE11 3TU Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda J Kiliaan
- Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ugo Lucca
- IRCCS-Instituto di Richerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via G. La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudine Manach
- INRA, UMR 1019, Human Nutrition Unit, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Anne-Marie Minihane
- University of East Anglia, Norwich Medical School, Norwich NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Robert Perneczky
- Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh Perry
- University of Southampton, Tremona Road, SO16 6YD Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Anne-Marie Roussel
- Joseph Fourier University, Domaine de la Merci, 38706 La Tronche, France
| | - Jeroen Schuermans
- International Life Sciences Institute, Europe (ILSI Europe), Av E. Mounier 83, Box 6, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - John Sijben
- Nutricia Research, Nutricia Advances Medical Nutrition, P.O. Box 80141, 3508TC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeremy P E Spencer
- University of Reading, Whiteknights, P.O. Box 217, RG6 6AH Reading, Berkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Sandrine Thuret
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, The Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, 125 Coldharbour Lane, SE5 9NU London, United Kingdom
| | - Ondine van de Rest
- Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Keith Wesnes
- Wesnes Cognition Ltd., Little Paddock, Streatley on Thames RG8 9RD, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle, United Kingdom; Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia; Medicinal Plant Research Group, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | | | - Robin S B Williams
- Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Ramirez
- Abbott Nutrition R&D, Abbott Laboratories, Camino de Purchil 68, 18004 Granada, Spain
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Hooper C, De Souto Barreto P, Coley N, Caussé E, Payoux P, Salabert AS, Cesari M, Andrieu S, Bowman GL, Weiner M, Vellas B. Cross-Sectional Associations of Total Plasma Homocysteine with Cortical β-Amyloid Independently and as a Function of Omega 3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Status in Older Adults at Risk of Dementia. J Nutr Health Aging 2017; 21:1075-1080. [PMID: 29188863 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-017-0989-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Elevated total plasma homocysteine is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and there is some evidence that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) can modulate the effects of homocysteine-lowering B vitamins on AD related pathologies. Hence we investigated the relationship between total plasma homocysteine and cortical β-amyloid (Aβ) in older adults at risk of dementia. The role of erythrocyte membrane n-3 PUFAs (omega 3 index) on this relationship was also explored. DESIGN This is a cross-sectional study using data from the Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial (MAPT); a randomised controlled trial. SETTING French community dwellers aged 70 or over reporting subjective memory complaints, but free from a diagnosis of clinical dementia. PARTICIPANTS Individuals were from the MAPT trial (n = 177) with data on total plasma homocysteine at baseline and cortical Aβ load. MEASUREMENTS Cortical-to-cerebellar standard uptake value ratios were assessed using [18F] florbetapir positron emission tomography (PET). Total baseline plasma homocysteine was measured using an enzymatic cycling assay. Baseline omega 3 index was measured using gas chromatography. Cross-sectional associations were explored using adjusted multiple linear regression models. RESULTS We found that total baseline plasma homocysteine was not significantly associated with cortical Aβ as demonstrated using multiple linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, education, cognitive status, time interval between baseline and PET-scan, omega-3 index, MAPT group allocation and Apolipoprotein E ε4 status (B-coefficient -0.001, 95 % CI: -0.008,0.006, p = 0.838). Exploratory analysis showed that homocysteine was however significantly associated with cortical Aβ in subjects with low baseline omega-3 index (< 4.72 %) after adjustment for Apolipoprotein E ε4 status (B-coefficient 0.041, 95 % CI: 0.017,0.066, p = 0.005, n = 10), but not in subjects with a high baseline omega-3 index (B-coefficient -0.010, 95 % CI: -0.023,0.003, p = 0.132, n = 66). CONCLUSIONS The role of n-3 PUFAs on the relationship between homocysteine and cerebral Aβ warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hooper
- Claudie Hooper, Gérontopôle, Department of Geriatrics, CHU Toulouse, Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, France, , Tel : +33 (5) 61 77 64 25; Fax : +33 (5) 61 77 64 75
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van der Zwaluw NL, Brouwer-Brolsma EM, van de Rest O, van Wijngaarden JP, In 't Veld PH, Kourie DI, Swart KMA, Enneman AW, van Dijk SC, van der Velde N, Kessels RPC, Smeets PAM, Kok FJ, Dhonukshe-Rutten RAM, de Groot LCPGM. Folate and Vitamin B 12-Related Biomarkers in Relation to Brain Volumes. Nutrients 2016; 9:nu9010008. [PMID: 28029114 PMCID: PMC5295052 DOI: 10.3390/nu9010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM We investigated cross-sectional associations between circulating homocysteine, folate, biomarkers of vitamin B12 status and brain volumes. We furthermore compared brain volumes of participants who received daily folic acid and vitamin B12 supplementation with participants who did not. METHODS Participants of the B-PROOF study (n = 2919) were assigned to 400 µg folic acid and 500 µg vitamin B12, or a placebo. After two years of intervention, T₁-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were made in a random subsample (n = 218) to obtain grey and white matter volume, and total brain volume (TBV). Plasma homocysteine, serum folate, vitamin B12, holotranscobalamin, and methylmalonic acid concentrations were measured. RESULTS Multiple linear regression analyses showed inverse associations between plasma homocysteine with TBV (β = -0.91, 95% CI -1.85-0.03; p = 0.06) and between serum folate and TBV (β = -0.20, 95% CI -0.38, -0.02; p = 0.03). No significant associations were observed for serum vitamin B12 and holotranscobalamin. Fully adjusted ANCOVA models showed that the group that received B-vitamins had a lower TBV (adjusted mean 1064, 95% CI 1058-1069 mL) than the non-supplemented group (1072, 95% CI 1067-1078 mL, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Results were contradictory, with higher Hcy levels associated with lower TBV, but also with higher folate levels associated with lower TBV. In addition, the lack of a baseline measurement withholds us from giving recommendations on whether folic acid and vitamin B12 supplementation will be beneficial above and beyond normal dietary intake for brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita L van der Zwaluw
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Elske M Brouwer-Brolsma
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ondine van de Rest
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Paulette H In 't Veld
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Daniella I Kourie
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Karin M A Swart
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Anke W Enneman
- Division of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Suzanne C van Dijk
- Division of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Nathalie van der Velde
- Division of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Geriatric Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, Postbus 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Roy P C Kessels
- Department of Medical Psychology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Postbus 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Radboud Alzheimer Centre, Radboud University Medical Centre, Postbus 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Paul A M Smeets
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Frans J Kok
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Lisette C P G M de Groot
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. David Smith
- OPTIMA, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom;
| | - Helga Refsum
- OPTIMA, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom;
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway;
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Abstract
The associations between homocysteine (Hcy), folic acid, and vitamin B12 and Alzheimer's disease (AD) have gained much interest, while remaining controversial. We aim to perform meta-analyses to evaluate comprehensively: i) Hcy, folic acid, and vitamin B12 levels in AD patients in comparison with controls; and ii) the association between Hcy, folic acid, and vitamin B12 levels and risk of AD. A literature search was performed using Medline and Scopus databases. A total of 68 studies were identified and included in the meta-analyses. Stata 12.0 statistical software was used to perform the meta-analyses. First, AD patients may have higher level of Hcy, and lower levels of folate and vitamin B12 in plasma than controls. Further age-subgroup analysis showed no age effect for Hcy levels in plasma between AD patients and matched controls, while the differences in folate and vitamin B12 levels further enlarged with increased age. Second, data suggests that high Hcy and low folate levels may correlate with increased risk of AD occurrence. The comprehensive meta-analyses not only confirmed higher Hcy, lower folic acid, and vitamin B12 levels in AD patients than controls, but also implicated that high Hcy and low folic acid levels may be risk factors of AD. Further studies are encouraged to elucidate mechanisms linking these conditions.
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Cheng D, Kong H, Pang W, Yang H, Lu H, Huang C, Jiang Y. B vitamin supplementation improves cognitive function in the middle aged and elderly with hyperhomocysteinemia. Nutr Neurosci 2016; 19:461-466. [PMID: 24938711 DOI: 10.1179/1476830514y.0000000136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An intervention study was performed to determine if supplement containing folic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 could improve cognitive function and lower homocysteine in middle-aged and elderly patients with hyperhomocysteinemia. METHODS One hundred and four participants with hyperhomocysteinemia were recruited in Tianjin, China, aged 55-94 years old. Fifty-seven individuals with hyperhomocysteinemia were included in the intervention group (vitamin B group, which received 800 µg/day of folate, with 10 mg of vitamin B6 and 25 µg of vitamin B12) and 47 patients in the placebo group. The endpoint was the improvement in cognitive function as evaluated by Basic Cognitive Aptitude Tests (BCATs). All parameters were measured before and after the treatment period of 14 weeks. RESULTS The BCAT total score and four sub-tests scores (digit copy, Chinese character rotation, digital working memory, and recognition of meaningless figure) of BCAT at 14 weeks significantly increased only for the vitamin B group. Serum total homocysteine (tHcy) levels significantly decreased in the intervention group, while serum concentrations of folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 significantly increased in the intervention group. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that supplement containing folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 in middle-aged and elderly patients with hyperhomocysteinemia could improve their cognitive function partly and reduce serum tHcy levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daomei Cheng
- a Department of Nutrition , Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine , Tianjin , China.,b Department of Nutrition and Food Safety , West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China.,c Department of Public Health , Chengdu Medical College , Chengdu , China
| | - Haiyan Kong
- b Department of Nutrition and Food Safety , West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Wei Pang
- a Department of Nutrition , Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine , Tianjin , China
| | - Hongpeng Yang
- a Department of Nutrition , Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine , Tianjin , China
| | - Hao Lu
- d Center for Disease Control and Prevention , PLA Chengdu Military Area Command, Chengdu , China
| | - Chengyu Huang
- b Department of Nutrition and Food Safety , West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Yugang Jiang
- a Department of Nutrition , Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine , Tianjin , China
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Murphy MM, Fernandez-Ballart JD, Molloy AM, Canals J. Moderately elevated maternal homocysteine at preconception is inversely associated with cognitive performance in children 4 months and 6 years after birth. Matern Child Nutr 2016; 13. [PMID: 26817572 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal methyl donor deficiency leads to homocysteine accumulation in the brain and impaired neurodevelopment in rats. We investigated the effect of moderately elevated preconception fasting total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) on child neurodevelopment in a prospective study of 67 and 76 mother-child pairs at 4 months and 6 years of age, respectively. Fasting blood samples at 2-10 weeks preconception, from the cord (nonfasting) and the mother and child 6 years after birth, were collected. Psychomotor and mental development were assessed at 4 months using the Bayley Scale of Infant Development (BSID) and cognitive development at 6 years using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI). Highest tertile preconception tHcy (≥9.04 µmol/L) was categorized as moderately elevated and low-mid tertile tHcy as normal. Children, born to mothers with moderately elevated compared to normal preconception tHcy, scored lower [mean (95% CI)] in the BSID psychomotor [115 (105, 124) vs. 126 (121, 130), p = 0.03] and mental [101 (93, 109) vs. 113 (107, 119), p = 0.03] development tests. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that moderately elevated compared to normal preconception tHcy was associated with greater probability, OR (95%CI), of scoring in the lowest tertile for BSID psychomotor development (≤120): 4.0 (1.1, 14.3) and lowest tertiles for WPPSI full (≤111), verbal (≤104) and performance (≤111), intellectual quotient: 6.0 (1.5, 23.7), 3.5 (1.1, 11.2) and 4.1 (1.1, 15.7), respectively. We conclude that moderately elevated preconception tHcy is inversely associated with psychomotor and cognitive development scores in infants and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Murphy
- Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), IISPV, Reus, Spain.,CIBER (CB06/03) ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan D Fernandez-Ballart
- Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), IISPV, Reus, Spain.,CIBER (CB06/03) ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anne M Molloy
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
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25
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Lee YM, Ha JK, Park JM, Lee BD, Moon E, Chung YI, Kim JH, Kim HJ, Mun CW, Kim TH, Kim YH. Apolipoprotein E genotype modulates effects of vitamin B12 and homocysteine on grey matter volume in Alzheimer's disease. Psychogeriatrics 2016; 16:3-11. [PMID: 25919635 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the effects of vitamin B12 and homocysteine on brain volume are influenced by apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype. We examined the effects in each subgroup (APOE ε4 carriers and non-carriers) of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and healthy normal controls. METHODS Forty participants with AD and 20 healthy normal controls were recruited from memory impairment clinics at Pusan National University Hospital in Korea. All participants were APOE genotyped and underwent magnetic resonance imaging, including 3-D volumetric images for grey matter (GM) volume. A multiple regression model integrated into statistical parametric mapping was used to see if there was any correlation between vitamin B12 or homocysteine and GM volume in each subgroup (APOE ε4 carriers and non-carriers) of AD patients and healthy normal controls. RESULTS There was a significant positive correlation between serum concentrations of vitamin B12 and regional GM volume in APOE ε4 carriers with AD but not in non-carriers. We also found that there was a significant negative correlation between serum concentrations of homocysteine and regional GM volume in APOE ε4 non-carriers with AD but not in carriers (P < 0.001, uncorrected for multiple comparisons; extent threshold = 100 voxel). CONCLUSION The present findings suggest that the effects of vitamin B12 and homocysteine on GM volume might be influenced by APOE genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Min Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Ji-Kyung Ha
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Je-Min Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Byung-Dae Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - EunSoo Moon
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Young-In Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hak-Jin Kim
- Department of Radiology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Chi-Woong Mun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and FIRST, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
| | - Tae-Hyung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and FIRST, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, Korea
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26
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Sharma GS, Kumar T, Dar TA, Singh LR. Protein N-homocysteinylation: From cellular toxicity to neurodegeneration. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:2239-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Abstract
Several neurodegenerative conditions, such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, or vascular dementia and cognitive impairment, are associated with mild hyperhomocysteinemia. Hyperhomocysteinemia is defined as an increase of the homocysteine (Hcy) level beyond 10 μM. Although the adverse effect of Hcy on neurons is well documented, knowledge about the impact of this amino acid on glial cells is missing. Therefore, with the aim to evaluate the neurotoxic properties of Hcy on glial cells, we used a glioblastoma cell line as a study model. The viability of cells was assayed biochemically and cytologically. At a concentration around 50 μM in the culture medium D,L-Hcy induced cell death. It is noteworthy that Hcy induces cell death of human glial cells at concentrations encountered during mild hyperhomocysteinemia. Therefore, we propose that Hcy-induced impairment of neuronal functions along with damage of glial cells may contribute to the etiopathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases associated with hyperhomocysteinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - R. MURÍN
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
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28
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Park SH, Kim H, Lee KJ. Correlations between homocysteine and grey matter volume in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Psychogeriatrics 2015; 15:116-122. [PMID: 25560091 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported that elevated total homocysteine levels are associated with cognitive dysfunction. However, few studies have examined the radiological markers of associated neuropathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We hypothesized that elevated levels of homocysteine are associated with cerebral grey matter volume loss. We compared the grey matter in a high homocysteine group and a normal homocysteine group using an optimized voxel-based morphometry. METHODS The study included 79 patients with AD who were divided into two groups: a high homocysteine group and a normal homocysteine group. The participants underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging using a standardized protocol and neurocognitive evaluation. Homocysteine tests and other routine laboratory examinations for dementia assessment were carried out in all patients. RESULTS There was no significant difference in grey matter volume between the patients with high homocysteine levels and those with normal homocysteine levels. A multiple regression analysis also revealed that the levels of homocysteine were not associated with the grey matter volume in patients with AD. Homocysteine levels were not correlated significantly with Mini-Mental State Examination, Global Deterioration Scale, or Clinical Dementia Rating. CONCLUSION Our results showed that elevated homocysteine levels are not associated with reduced cerebral grey matter volume in AD. Larger samples will be needed to assess potential correlations between homocysteine and neuroanatomical pathology in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hyeok Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Hyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Kang Joon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, South Korea
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Souchet B, Latour A, Gu Y, Daubigney F, Paul JL, Delabar JM, Janel N. Molecular rescue of DYRK1A overexpression in cystathionine beta synthase-deficient mouse brain by enriched environment combined with voluntary exercise. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 55:318-23. [PMID: 24819931 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0324-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia resulting from cystathionine beta synthase (CBS) deficiency can produce cognitive dysfunction. We recently found that CBS-deficient mice exhibit increased expression of the serine/threonine kinase dual-specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) in the brain. When dysregulated, DYRK1A contributes to the neurodegeneration, neuronal death, and loss of function observed in neurodegenerative diseases. However, brain plasticity can be improved by interventions like enriched environment combined with voluntary exercise (EE/VE). The present study sought to assess the effects of EE/VE on molecular mechanisms linked to DYRK1A overexpression in the brain of CBS-deficient mice. EE/VE was applied to 3-month-old female CBS-deficient mice for 1 month. Without intervention, CBS-deficient mice exhibited increased DYRK1A and decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the cortex and hippocampus. However, EE/VE rescued these altered DYRK1A and BDNF levels in the hippocampus of CBS-deficient mice. We conclude that exercise combined with enriched environment can restore the altered molecular mechanisms in the brain of CBS-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Souchet
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA), Université Paris Diderot, UMR 8251 CNRS, 75205, Paris, France
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Delabar JM, Latour A, Noll C, Renon M, Salameh S, Paul JL, Arbones M, Movassat J, Janel N. One-carbon cycle alterations induced by Dyrk1a dosage. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2014; 1:487-492. [PMID: 27896129 PMCID: PMC5121348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia due to cystathionine beta synthase deficiency confers diverse clinical manifestations. It is characterized by elevated plasma homocysteine levels, a common amino acid metabolized by remethylation to methionine or transsulfuration to cysteine. We recently found a relationship between hepatic Dyrk1A protein expression, a serine/threonine kinase involved in signal transduction in biological processes, hepatic S-adenosylhomocysteine activity, and plasma homocysteine levels. We aimed to study whether there is also a relationship between Dyrk1a and cystathionine beta synthase activity. We used different murine models carrying altered gene coy numbers for Dyrk1a, and found a decreased cystathionine beta synthase activity in the liver of mice under-expressing Dyrk1a, and an increased in liver of mice over-expressing Dyrk1a. For each model, a positive correlation was found between cystathionine beta synthase activity and Dyrk1a protein expression in the liver of mice, which was confirmed in a non-modified genetic context. The positive correlation found between liver Dyrk1a protein expression and CBS activity in modified and non-modified genetic context strengthens the role of this kinase in one carbon metabolism.
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Key Words
- CBS, cystathionine beta synthase
- Cystathionine beta synthase
- DS, Down syndrome
- DYRK, dual-specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation regulated kinase
- Dyrk1a
- EGCG, epigallocatechin-gallate
- GABA, gamma-amino-butyric-acid
- GK, Goto-Kakizaki
- Homocysteine
- Liver
- Murine model
- NQO1, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase
- PLP, pyridoxal phosphate
- PTZ, pentylenetetrazole
- SAH, S-adenosylhomocysteine
- SAHH, SAH hydrolase
- hcy, homocysteine
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Maurice Delabar
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA), UMR 8251 CNRS, F-75205 Paris, France
| | - Alizée Latour
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA), UMR 8251 CNRS, F-75205 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Noll
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA), UMR 8251 CNRS, F-75205 Paris, France
| | - Marjorie Renon
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA), UMR 8251 CNRS, F-75205 Paris, France
| | - Sacha Salameh
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA), UMR 8251 CNRS, F-75205 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Louis Paul
- AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service de Biochimie, 75015 Paris, France; Univ Paris-Sud, EA 4529, UFR de Pharmacie, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Mariona Arbones
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jamileh Movassat
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA), UMR 8251 CNRS, F-75205 Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Janel
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA), UMR 8251 CNRS, F-75205 Paris, France
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Moustafa AA, Hewedi DH, Eissa AM, Frydecka D, Misiak B. Homocysteine levels in schizophrenia and affective disorders-focus on cognition. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:343. [PMID: 25339876 PMCID: PMC4186289 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although homocysteine (Hcy) has been widely implicated in the etiology of various physical health impairments, especially cardiovascular diseases, overwhelming evidence indicates that Hcy is also involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and affective disorders. There are several mechanisms linking Hcy to biological underpinnings of psychiatric disorders. It has been found that Hcy interacts with NMDA receptors, initiates oxidative stress, induces apoptosis, triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and leads to vascular damage. Elevated Hcy levels might also contribute to cognitive impairment that is widely observed among patients with affective disorders and schizophrenia. Supplementation of vitamins B and folic acid has been proved to be effective in lowering Hcy levels. There are also studies showing that this supplementation strategy might be beneficial for schizophrenia patients with respect to alleviating negative symptoms. However, there are no studies addressing the influence of add-on therapies with folate and vitamins B on cognitive performance of patients with schizophrenia and affective disorders. In this article, we provide an overview of Hcy metabolism in psychiatric disorders focusing on cognitive correlates and indicating future directions and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Moustafa
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology and Marcs Institute for Brain and Behaviour, University of Western Sydney Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Doaa H Hewedi
- Psychogeriatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Ain Shams University Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abeer M Eissa
- Psychogeriatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Ain Shams University Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dorota Frydecka
- Department and Clinic of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Błażej Misiak
- Department and Clinic of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University Wroclaw, Poland ; Department of Genetics, Wroclaw Medical University Wroclaw, Poland
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Haghdoost-Yazdi H, Sarookhani M, Faraj A, Fraidouni N, Dargahi T, Yaghoubidoust MH, Azhdari-Zarmehri H. Evaluation of the association between blood homocysteine concentration and the degree of behavioral symptoms in the 6-hydroxydopamine-induced Parkinsonism in rat. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 124:297-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Choe YM, Sohn BK, Choi HJ, Byun MS, Seo EH, Han JY, Kim YK, Yoon EJ, Lee JM, Park J, Woo JI, Lee DY. Association of homocysteine with hippocampal volume independent of cerebral amyloid and vascular burden. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 35:1519-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Beydoun MA, Beydoun HA, Gamaldo AA, Teel A, Zonderman AB, Wang Y. Epidemiologic studies of modifiable factors associated with cognition and dementia: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:643. [PMID: 24962204 PMCID: PMC4099157 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 461] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cognitive impairment, including dementia, is a major health concern with the increasing aging population. Preventive measures to delay cognitive decline are of utmost importance. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most frequent cause of dementia, increasing in prevalence from <1% below the age of 60 years to >40% above 85 years of age. Methods We systematically reviewed selected modifiable factors such as education, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, caffeine, antioxidants, homocysteine (Hcy), n-3 fatty acids that were studied in relation to various cognitive health outcomes, including incident AD. We searched MEDLINE for published literature (January 1990 through October 2012), including cross-sectional and cohort studies (sample sizes > 300). Analyses compared study finding consistency across factors, study designs and study-level characteristics. Selecting studies of incident AD, our meta-analysis estimated pooled risk ratios (RR), population attributable risk percent (PAR%) and assessed publication bias. Results In total, 247 studies were retrieved for systematic review. Consistency analysis for each risk factor suggested positive findings ranging from ~38.9% for caffeine to ~89% for physical activity. Education also had a significantly higher propensity for “a positive finding” compared to caffeine, smoking and antioxidant-related studies. Meta-analysis of 31 studies with incident AD yielded pooled RR for low education (RR = 1.99; 95% CI: 1.30-3.04), high Hcy (RR = 1.93; 95% CI: 1.50-2.49), and current/ever smoking status (RR = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.23-1.52) while indicating protective effects of higher physical activity and n-3 fatty acids. Estimated PAR% were particularly high for physical activity (PAR% = 31.9; 95% CI: 22.7-41.2) and smoking (PAR%=31.09%; 95% CI: 17.9-44.3). Overall, no significant publication bias was found. Conclusions Higher Hcy levels, lower educational attainment, and decreased physical activity were particularly strong predictors of incident AD. Further studies are needed to support other potential modifiable protective factors, such as caffeine.
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Affiliation(s)
- May A Beydoun
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIA/NIH/IRP, 251 Bayview Blvd,, Suite 100, Room #: 04B118, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Abstract
Adequate nutrition plays an important role in the maintenance of cognitive function, particularly during aging. Malnutrition is amongst the risk factors for developing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Epidemiological studies have associated deficiencies in some nutrients with a higher risk of cognitive dysfunction and/or AD. Cognitive decline in AD is correlated with synaptic loss and many of the components required to maintain optimal synaptic function are derived from dietary sources. As synapses are part of the neuronal membrane and are continuously being remodelled, the availability of sufficient levels of nutritional precursors (mainly uridine monophosphate, choline and omega-3 fatty acids) to make the phospholipids required to build neuronal membranes may have beneficial effects on synaptic degeneration in AD. In addition, B-vitamins, phospholipids and other micronutrients act as cofactors to enhance the supply of precursors required to make neuronal membranes and synapses. Despite this, no randomized controlled trial has hitherto provided evidence that any single nutrient has a beneficial effect on cognition or lowers the risk for AD. However, a multi-target approach using combinations of (micro)nutrients might have beneficial effects on cognitive function in neurodegenerative brain disorders like AD leading to synaptic degeneration. Here we review the clinical evidence for supplementation, based on a multi-target approach with a focus on key nutrients with a proposed role in synaptic dysfunction. Based on preclinical evidence, a nutrient mixture, Souvenaid(®) (Nutricia N.V., Zoetermeer, The Netherlands) was developed. Clinical trials with Souvenaid(®) have shown improved memory performance in patients with mild AD. Further clinical trials to evaluate the effects of nutritional intervention in MCI and early dementia due to AD are on-going.
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Sazci A, Ozel MD, Ergul E, Onder ME. Association of nicotinamide-N-methyltransferase (NNMT) gene rs694539 variant with bipolar disorder. Gene 2013; 532:272-5. [PMID: 24004542 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Here we report the association of the rs694539 variant of nicotinamide-N-methyltransferase gene with bipolar disorder in a case-control study of 95 bipolar disorder patients and 201 healthy controls (χ(2)=13.382, P=0.001). With the polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism method we developed we were able to show the association for the first time. This new finding may provide evidence to understand the mechanism of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Sazci
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kocaeli, 41380 Kocaeli, Turkey.
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Abstract
Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are used by millions of people worldwide for the treatment of epilepsy, as well as in many other neurological and psychiatric conditions. They are frequently associated with adverse effects (AEs), which have an impact on the tolerability and success of treatment. Half the people who develop intolerable AEs discontinue treatment early on after initiation, while the majority of people will continue to be exposed to their effects for long periods of time. The long-term safety of AEDs reflects their potential for chronic, cumulative dose effects; rare, but potentially serious late idiosyncratic effects; late, dose-related effects; and delayed, teratogenic or neurodevelopmental effects. These AEs can affect every body system and are usually insidious. With the exception of delayed effects, most other late or chronic AEs are reversible. To date, there is no clear evidence of a carcinogenic effect of AEDs in humans. While physicians are aware of the long-term AEs of old AEDs (the traditional liver enzyme-inducing AEDs and valproate), information about AEs of new AEDs (such as lamotrigine, levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, topiramate or zonisamide), particularly of their teratogenic effects, has emerged over the years. Sporadic publications have raised issues about AEs of the newer AEDs eslicarbazepine, retigabine, rufinamide, lacosamide and perampanel but their long-term safety profiles may take years to be fully appreciated. Physicians should not only be aware of the late and chronic AEs of AEDs but should systematically enquire and screen for these according to the individual AED AE profile. Care should be taken for individuals with comorbid conditions that may render them more susceptible to specific AEs. Prevention and appropriate management of long-term AED AEs is expected to improve adherence to treatment, quality of life and control of epilepsy.
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Planque C, Dairou J, Noll C, Bui LC, Ripoll C, Guedj F, Delabar JM, Janel N. Mice deficient in cystathionine beta synthase display increased Dyrk1A and SAHH activities in brain. J Mol Neurosci 2013; 50:1-6. [PMID: 22700376 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-012-9835-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with brain disease. However, biological actions linking hyperhomocysteinemia to neuronal abnormalities are not well understood. We recently found a relationship between Dyrk1A protein expression, a serine/threonine kinase that might be responsible for cognitive functions in Down's syndrome, and hepatic S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHH) activity, which plays a key role in S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methylation reactions. Considering the role of methylation and Dyrk1A in cognitive functions, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between Dyrk1A and SAHH activity in brain of hyperhomocysteinemic mice. We found an increase in Dyrk1A protein expression and activity in brain of hyperhomocysteinemic mice, concomitant with an increased SAHH activity. The effect of overexpression of protein Dyrk1A on SAHH activity was confirmed in brain of Dyrk1A transgenic mice, and additionally we found a positive correlation between Dyrk1A and SAHH activity. These observations suggest a potential effect of Dyrk1A on brain phenotypes linked to hyperhomocysteinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Planque
- Unit of Functional and Adaptative Biology, University of Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, EAC-CNRS 4413, 75013 Paris, France
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Kong HY, Cheng DM, Pang W, Sun SD, Liu J, Huang CY, Jiang YG. Homocysteine levels and cognitive function scores measured with MMSE and BCAT of middle-aged and elderly subjects in Tianjin City. J Nutr Health Aging 2013; 17:527-32. [PMID: 23732549 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-013-0026-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE China is proceeding into the aging society. There are near 6 million elderly suffering senile dementia,while cognitive impairment is an important clinical feature in dementia. The factors involved in cognitive dysfunction in the middle-aged and the elderly persons were investigated. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Community dwellers and nursing home residents in Tianjin, China. SUBJECTS Total of 662 subjects(284 men and 378 women) aged 55-93. METHODS A designed questionnaire was used to collect their demographic data, information of disease and medication, and life style. Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and Basic Cognitive Aptitude Tests (BCAT) software were applied to evaluate their cognitive function. Serum total homocysteine (tHcy) level was quantified by enzyme conversion method. A multiple linear stepwise regression analysis was applied to find the influencing factors of cognitive function. RESULTS The average serum tHcy concentrations was 15.95±7.29 μmol/L, while the prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHE) was 45.4%. The average serum tHcy level and prevalence of HHE were higher in men than those in women after ruling out the age differences. The mean MMSE and BCAT scores were 26.74±2.71 and 50.26±18.84 respectively. The BCAT score was negatively correlated with age and positively correlated with education. Multiple linear stepwise regression equations showed that the P value was less than 0.001, the BCAT regression equation showed that the R2=0.453. Serum tHcy concentration was negatively correlated with total scores of BCAT, digit copy, Chinese character comparison, mental arithmetic, Chinese character rotation and recall answer of mental arithmetic test. Total scores of BCAT were negatively correlated with education, inhabitancy, serum tHcy concentration and age. In addition, Chinese character rotation was correlated with tea consumption. Remembrance and recognition of dual words and nonsense figures was correlated with income level. CONCLUSIONS Hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with cognitive impairment in the middle-aged and the elderly persons in Tianjin. The BCAT scores could well represent the detailed cognitive function in elderly and negatively correlate with age, but positively correlated with education level. Serum tHcy concentration was negatively correlated with total BCAT scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Kong
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Tianjin, 300050, PR China
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Jochemsen HM, Kloppenborg RP, Groot LC, Kampman E, Mali WP, Graaf Y, Geerlings MI; SMART Study Group. Homocysteine, progression of ventricular enlargement, and cognitive decline: The Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease‐Magnetic Resonance study. Alzheimers Dement 2013; 9:302-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2011.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Haghdoost-Yazdi H, Fraidouni N, Faraji A, Jahanihashemi H, Sarookhani M. High intake of folic acid or complex of B vitamins provides anti-Parkinsonism effect: No role for serum level of homocysteine. Behav Brain Res 2012; 233:375-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2012] [Revised: 05/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Abstract
Chronic alcohol abuse results in a variety of pathological effects including damage to the brain. The causes of alcohol-induced brain pathology are presently unclear. Several mechanisms of pathogenicity of chronic alcoholism have been proposed, including accumulation of DNA damage in the absence of repair, resulting in genomic instability and death of neurons. Genomic instability is a unified genetic mechanism leading to a variety of neurodegenerative disorders. Ethanol also likely interacts with various metabolic pathways, including one-carbon metabolism (OCM). OCM is critical for the synthesis of DNA precursors, essential for DNA repair, and as a methyl donor for various methylation events, including DNA methylation. Both DNA repair and DNA methylation are critical for maintaining genomic stability. In this review, we outline the role of DNA damage and DNA repair dysfunction in chronic alcohol-induced neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna I Kruman
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, South Plains Alcohol and Addiction Research Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
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Bromberg A, Lerer E, Udawela M, Scarr E, Dean B, Belmaker RH, Ebstein R, Agam G. Nicotinamide-N-methyltransferase (NNMT) in schizophrenia: genetic association and decreased frontal cortex mRNA levels. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2012; 15:727-37. [PMID: 21791160 DOI: 10.1017/S1461145711001179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests impaired one-carbon metabolism in schizophrenia. Homocysteine is one of the key components of one-carbon metabolism. Elevated plasma homocysteine levels were reported in schizophrenia. A linkage study found that nicotinamide-N-methyltransferase (NNMT), an enzyme involved in one-carbon metabolism, is a determinant of plasma homocysteine levels. In an association study the rs694539 NNMT single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was found significantly associated with hyperhomocysteinaemia. Aiming to assess the possible involvement of NNMT in the aetiology of schizophrenia we (1) performed an association study of eight NNMT tagged SNPs in 202 families sharing the same ethnic origin including healthy parents and a schizophrenia proband; (2) assessed NNMT mRNA levels in post-mortem frontal cortex of schizophrenia patients. Genotyping was performed using the ABI SNaPshot and the HRM methods. Individual SNPs and haplotypes were analysed for association using the family-based association test (UNPHASED software). NNMT mRNA levels were measured using RT real-time PCR. In the single SNP analysis, rs694539, previously reported to be associated with hyperhomocysteinaemia, and rs1941404 were significantly associated with schizophrenia (p<0.004 and p=0.033, respectively, following permutation test adjustment). Several haplotypes were also significantly associated with schizophrenia (global p values <0.05 following permutation test adjustment). This is the first study demonstrating an association of NNMT with schizophrenia. Post-mortem frontal cortex NNMT mRNA levels were ~35% lower in schizophrenia patients vs. control subjects. Our study favours the notion that NNMT is involved in the aetiology of schizophrenia.
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Awara MA, Zahid S, Elnenaei MO. Rapid cycling bipolar affective disorder and recurrent strokes secondary to high blood homocysteine. J Ment Health 2012; 23:276-9. [DOI: 10.3109/09638237.2012.670884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Dietrich-Muszalska A, Malinowska J, Olas B, Głowacki R, Bald E, Wachowicz B, Rabe-Jabłońska J. The oxidative stress may be induced by the elevated homocysteine in schizophrenic patients. Neurochem Res 2012; 37:1057-62. [PMID: 22270909 PMCID: PMC3321271 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-012-0707-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Revised: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of oxidative stress in schizophrenic patients are not fully understood. In the present study, we investigated the effect of elevated level of homocysteine (Hcys) on some parameters of oxidative stress, namely thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), an index of lipid peroxidation in plasma, the level of carbonyl groups in plasma proteins, as well as the amount of 3-nitrotyrosine in plasma proteins isolated from schizophrenic patients. Patients hospitalised in I and II Psychiatric Department of Medical University in Lodz, Poland were interviewed with special questionnaire (treatment, course of diseases, dyskinesis and other EPS). According to DSM-IV criteria all patients had diagnosis of paranoid type. They were treated with antipsychotic drugs (clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine). Mean time of schizophrenia duration was about 5 years. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to analyse the total level of homocysteine in plasma. Levels of carbonyl groups and 3-nitrotyrosine residues in plasma proteins were measured by ELISA and a competition ELISA, respectively. The lipid peroxidation in plasma was measured by the level of TBARS. Our results showed that in schizophrenic patients the amount of homocysteine in plasma was higher in comparison with the control group. We also observed a statistically increased level of biomarkers of oxidative/nitrative stress such as carbonyl groups or 3-nitrotyrosine in plasma proteins from schizophrenic patients. Moreover, our experiments indicate that the correlation between the increased amount of homocysteine and the oxidative stress exists. Considering the data presented in this study, we suggest that the elevated Hcys in schizophrenic patients may stimulate the oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dietrich-Muszalska
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka 8/10, 92-216 Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Malinowska
- Department of General Biochemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/3, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Beata Olas
- Department of General Biochemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/3, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Rafal Głowacki
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Edward Bald
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Barbara Wachowicz
- Department of General Biochemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/3, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jolanta Rabe-Jabłońska
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka 8/10, 92-216 Lodz, Poland
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Ford AH, Garrido GJ, Beer C, Lautenschlager NT, Arnolda L, Flicker L, Almeida OP. Homocysteine, grey matter and cognitive function in adults with cardiovascular disease. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33345. [PMID: 22413017 PMCID: PMC3296688 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) has been associated with cognitive impairment, vascular disease and brain atrophy. METHODS We investigated 150 volunteers to determine if the association between high tHcy and cerebral grey matter volume and cognitive function is independent of cardiovascular disease. RESULTS Participants with high tHcy (≥15 µmol/L) showed a widespread relative loss of grey matter compared with people with normal tHcy, although differences between the groups were minimal once the analyses were adjusted for age, gender, diabetes, hypertension, smoking and prevalent cardiovascular disease. Individuals with high tHcy had worse cognitive scores across a range of domains and less total grey matter volume, although these differences were not significant in the adjusted models. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the association between high tHcy and loss of cerebral grey matter volume and decline in cognitive function is largely explained by increasing age and cardiovascular diseases and indicate that the relationship is not causal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H Ford
- Western Australian Centre for Health & Ageing, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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Zhao H, Brunk UT, Garner B. Age-related lysosomal dysfunction: an unrecognized roadblock for cobalamin trafficking? Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:3963-9. [PMID: 22015613 PMCID: PMC11114728 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0861-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin-B(12) is a generic term for corrinoid compounds that exhibit the biological activity of cyanocobalamin and are collectively referred to as cobalamins. Methylcobalamin and 5-deoxyadenosylcobalamin are the active cobalamins in human metabolism. Cobalamin plays a crucial role in the maintenance of homocysteine and methylmalonyl-CoA homeostasis and is required for erythrocyte formation and DNA synthesis. Data from human and animal studies indicate that cobalamin deficiency impairs neuronal function; a process that is thought to contribute to age-related cognitive decline and dementia. Cobalamin deficiency also results in dysfunction of the peripheral nervous system; among other disorders. Although there is a detailed understanding of the biochemical pathways that are perturbed in cobalamin deficiency, the mechanisms underlying age-related dyshomeostasis in such pathways remain to be addressed. Because cobalamin utilization is dependent on its efficient transit through lysosomes, and mounting evidence indicates that lysosomal function deteriorates in aging long-lived post-mitotic cells such as neurons, in the present article we review published data that supports the proposition that impaired lysosomal processing of cobalamin may play a significant role in age-related (neuro) degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhao
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
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Narayan SK, Firbank MJ, Saxby BK, Stansby G, Hansrani M, O'Brien JT, Ford GA. Elevated plasma homocysteine is associated with increased brain atrophy rates in older subjects with mild hypertension. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2011; 31:341-8. [PMID: 21597295 DOI: 10.1159/000328118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We determined using serial MR imaging whether raised plasma homocysteine levels are associated with increased brain atrophy, white matter lesion (WML) progression or incidence of silent brain infarcts (SBIs) in older hypertensive subjects. Brain atrophy rates (0.58 ± 0.48% per year, mean ± SD) were significantly correlated with homocysteine (β = 0.46, p = 0.001 homocysteine; β = 0.44, p = 0.007 homocysteine/folate/B12 models) but not with folate or B12 levels. Progression of WML (0.08 ± 0.16%) was not associated with homocysteine level (B = 0.01, p = 0.29). New SBIs were uncommon. In older hypertensive individuals, plasma homocysteine levels are associated with increased rates of whole-brain atrophy but not WML progression.
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