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Sharma S, Ehrlich M, Zhang M, Blobe GC, Henis YI. NRP1 interacts with endoglin and VEGFR2 to modulate VEGF signaling and endothelial cell sprouting. Commun Biol 2024; 7:112. [PMID: 38242992 PMCID: PMC10799020 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05798-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells express neuropilin 1 (NRP1), endoglin (ENG) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), which regulate VEGF-A-mediated vascular development and angiogenesis. However, the link between complex formation among these receptors with VEGF-A-induced signaling and biology is yet unclear. Here, we quantify surface receptor interactions by IgG-mediated immobilization of one receptor, and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) measurements of the mobility of another coexpressed receptor. We observe stable ENG/NRP1, ENG/VEGFR2, and NRP1/VEGFR2 complexes, which are enhanced by VEGF-A. ENG augments NRP1/VEGFR2 interactions, suggesting formation of tripartite complexes bridged by ENG. Effects on signaling are measured in murine embryonic endothelial cells expressing (MEEC+/+) or lacking (MEEC-/-) ENG, along with NRP1 and/or ENG overexpression or knockdown. We find that optimal VEGF-A-mediated phosphorylation of VEGFR2 and Erk1/2 requires ENG and NRP1. ENG or NRP1 increase VEGF-A-induced sprouting, becoming optimal in cells expressing all three receptors, and both processes are inhibited by a MEK1/2 inhibitor. We propose a model where the maximal potency of VEGF-A involves a tripartite complex where ENG bridges VEGFR2 and NRP1, providing an attractive therapeutic target for modulation of VEGF-A signaling and biological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Sharma
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Marcelo Ehrlich
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Manqi Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Gerard C Blobe
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Yoav I Henis
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel.
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2
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Wang L, Zhang L, Zhao L, Shao S, Ning Q, Jing X, Zhang Y, Zhao F, Liu X, Gu S, Zhao X, Luo M. VEGFA/NRP-1/GAPVD1 axis promotes progression and cancer stemness of triple-negative breast cancer by enhancing tumor cell-macrophage crosstalk. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:446-463. [PMID: 38169627 PMCID: PMC10758102 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.86085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has long been considered a major clinical challenge due to its aggressive behavior and poor prognosis. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are known as the main cells responsible for tumor origination, progression, recurrence and metastasis. Here, we report that M2-type tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) contribute to cancer stemness in TNBC cells via the secretion of VEGFA. Reciprocally, elevated VEGFA expression by TAM-educated TNBC cells acts as a regulator of macrophage polarization, therefore constitute a feed-back loop between TNBC cells and TAMs. Mechanistically, VEGFA facilitates the CSC phenotype via the NRP-1 receptor and downstream GAPVD1/Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in TNBC cells. Our study underscores the crosstalk between TNBC cells and TAMs mediated by VEGFA and further clarifies the role and underlying mechanisms of the VEGFA/NRP-1/GAPVD1 axis in regulating cancer stemness. We also document an immunosuppressive function of VEGFA in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Therefore, the present study indicates crosstalk between TNBC cells and TAMs induced by VEGFA and provides a potential implication for the combination of immunotherapy and VEGFA-targeted agents in TNBC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Lifen Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Shan Shao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Qian Ning
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Xin Jing
- Department of Pathology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710068, China
| | - Yujiao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710004, China
| | - Fengyu Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Xizhi Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Shanzhi Gu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Xinhan Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Minna Luo
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
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Ibrahim MAA, Ali SSM, Abdeljawaad KAA, Abdelrahman AHM, Gabr GA, Shawky AM, Mekhemer GAH, Sidhom PA, Paré PW, Hegazy MEF. In-silico natural product database mining for novel neuropilin-1 inhibitors: molecular docking, molecular dynamics and binding energy computations. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2023.2182623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A. A. Ibrahim
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
- School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sara S. M. Ali
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Khlood A. A. Abdeljawaad
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Alaa H. M. Abdelrahman
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Gamal A. Gabr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Shawky
- Science and Technology Unit (STU), Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamal A. H. Mekhemer
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Peter A. Sidhom
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Paul W. Paré
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
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4
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Siegel F, Schmidt H, Juneja M, Smith J, Herrmann P, Kobelt D, Sharma K, Fichtner I, Walther W, Dittmar G, Volkmer R, Rathjen FG, Schlag PM, Stein U. GIPC1 regulates MACC1-driven metastasis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1280977. [PMID: 38144523 PMCID: PMC10748395 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1280977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Identification of cancer metastasis-relevant molecular networks is desired to provide the basis for understanding and developing intervention strategies. Here we address the role of GIPC1 in the process of MACC1-driven metastasis. MACC1 is a prognostic indicator for patient metastasis formation and metastasis-free survival. MACC1 controls gene transcription, promotes motility, invasion and proliferation of colon cancer cells in vitro, and causes tumor growth and metastasis in mice. Methods By using yeast-two-hybrid assay, mass spectrometry, co-immunoprecipitation and peptide array we analyzed GIPC1 protein binding partners, by using the MACC1 gene promoter and chromatin immunoprecipitation and electrophoretic mobility shift assay we probed for GIPC1 as transcription factor. We employed GIPC1/MACC1-manipulated cell lines for in vitro and in vivo analyses, and we probed the GIPC1/MACC1 impact using human primary colorectal cancer (CRC) tissue. Results We identified MACC1 and its paralogue SH3BP4 as protein binding partners of the protein GIPC1, and we also demonstrated the binding of GIPC1 as transcription factor to the MACC1 promoter (TSS to -60 bp). GIPC1 knockdown reduced endogenous, but not CMV promoter-driven MACC1 expression, and diminished MACC1-induced cell migration and invasion. GIPC1 suppression reduced tumor growth and metastasis in mice intrasplenically transplanted with MACC1-overexpressing CRC cells. In human primary CRC specimens, GIPC1 correlates with MACC1 expression and is of prognostic value for metastasis formation and metastasis-free survival. Combination of MACC1 and GIPC1 expression improved patient survival prognosis, whereas SH3BP4 expression did not show any prognostic value. Conclusions We identified an important, dual function of GIPC1 - as protein interaction partner and as transcription factor of MACC1 - for tumor progression and cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Siegel
- Department Translational Oncology of Solid Tumors, Experimental and Clinical Research Institute, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hannes Schmidt
- Department Developmental Neurobiology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manisha Juneja
- Department Translational Oncology of Solid Tumors, Experimental and Clinical Research Institute, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janice Smith
- Department Translational Oncology of Solid Tumors, Experimental and Clinical Research Institute, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pia Herrmann
- Department Translational Oncology of Solid Tumors, Experimental and Clinical Research Institute, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dennis Kobelt
- Department Translational Oncology of Solid Tumors, Experimental and Clinical Research Institute, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kamal Sharma
- Department Developmental Neurobiology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Iduna Fichtner
- Experimental Pharmacology and Oncology, GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Walther
- Department Translational Oncology of Solid Tumors, Experimental and Clinical Research Institute, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gunnar Dittmar
- Department Mass Spectrometry, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rudolf Volkmer
- Institute for Medicinal Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fritz G. Rathjen
- Department Developmental Neurobiology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ulrike Stein
- Department Translational Oncology of Solid Tumors, Experimental and Clinical Research Institute, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
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5
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Yu Y, Uchida-Fukuhara Y, Weng Y, He Y, Ikegame M, Wang Z, Yoshida K, Okamura H, Qiu L. Neuropilin 1 (NRP1) Positively Regulates Adipogenic Differentiation in C3H10T1/2 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087394. [PMID: 37108554 PMCID: PMC10138427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropilin 1 (NRP1), a non-tyrosine kinase receptor for several ligands, is highly expressed in many kinds of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), but its function is poorly understood. In this study, we explored the roles of full-length NRP1 and glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-modifiable NRP1 in adipogenesis in C3H10T1/2 cells. The expression of full-length NRP1 and GAG-modifiable NRP1 increased during adipogenic differentiation in C3H10T1/2 cells. NRP1 knockdown repressed adipogenesis while decreasing the levels of Akt and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Moreover, the scaffold protein JIP4 was involved in adipogenesis in C3H10T1/2 cells by interacting with NRP1. Furthermore, overexpression of non-GAG-modifiable NRP1 mutant (S612A) greatly promoted adipogenic differentiation, accompanied by upregulation of the phosphorylated Akt and ERK1/2. Taken together, these results indicate that NRP1 is a key regulator that promotes adipogenesis in C3H10T1/2 cells by interacting with JIP4 and activating the Akt and ERK1/2 pathway. Non-GAG-modifiable NRP1 mutant (S612A) accelerates the process of adipogenic differentiation, suggesting that GAG glycosylation is a negative post-translational modification of NRP1 in adipogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiong Yu
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang 110002, China
| | - Yoko Uchida-Fukuhara
- Department of Oral Morphology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Yao Weng
- Department of Oral Morphology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Yuhan He
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang 110002, China
| | - Mika Ikegame
- Department of Oral Morphology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Kaya Yoshida
- Department of Oral Healthcare Education, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Okamura
- Department of Oral Morphology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Lihong Qiu
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang 110002, China
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6
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Patmanathan SN, Tong BT, Jackie Teo JH, Jonathan Ting YZ, Tan NS, Kenice Sim SH, Ta YC, Woo WM. A PDZ Protein GIPC3 Positively Modulates Hedgehog Signaling and Melanoma Growth. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:179-188.e4. [PMID: 34224745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway is essential for animal development but aberrant activation promotes cancer growth. Here we show that GIPC3, a PDZ domain-containing protein with putative adaptor protein function, positively modulates Hh target gene expression in normal fibroblasts and melanoma cells and supports melanoma tumor growth. Using overexpression and epistasis studies, we show that Gipc3 potentiates Hh transcriptional output and it modulates GLI-dependent transcription independently of Sufu. While we find GIPC3 protein does not interact with Hh pathway components, Ingenuity Pathway Analyses of GIPC3-interacting proteins identified by co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry show an association with cancer pathogenesis. Subsequent interrogation of TCGA and The Human Protein Atlas databases reveals GIPC3 upregulation in many cancers. Using expression screens in selected groups of GIPC3-upregulated cancers with reported Hh pathway activation, we find a significant positive correlation of GIPC3 expression with Hh pathway components GLI1, GLI2, and GPR161, in melanoma lines. Consistently, GIPC3 knockdown in melanoma lines significantly reduces GLI1 and GLI2 expression, cell viability, colony formation, and allograft tumor growth. Our findings highlight previously unidentified roles of Gipc3 in potentiating Hh response and melanoma tumorigenesis, and suggest that GIPC3 modulation on Hh signaling may be targeted to reduce melanoma growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bing Teck Tong
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Singapore Polytechnic, Singapore
| | - Jia Hao Jackie Teo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | | | - Nguan Soon Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | | | - Yng-Cun Ta
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Wei-Meng Woo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
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7
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Ahmed T, Mythreye K, Lee NY. Strength and duration of GIPC-dependent signaling networks as determinants in cancer. Neoplasia 2021; 23:181-188. [PMID: 33360508 PMCID: PMC7773760 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
GIPC is a PDZ-domain containing adaptor protein that regulates the cell surface expression and endocytic trafficking of numerous transmembrane receptors and signaling complexes. Interactions with over 50 proteins have been reported to date including VEGFR, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), GPCRs, and APPL, many of which have essential roles in neuronal and cardiovascular development. In cancer, a major subset of GIPC-binding receptors and cytoplasmic effectors have been shown to promote tumorigenesis or metastatic progression, while other subsets have demonstrated strong tumor-suppressive effects. Given that these diverse pathways are widespread in normal tissues and human malignancies, precisely how these opposing signals are integrated and regulated within the same tumor setting likely depend on the strength and duration of their interactions with GIPC. This review highlights the major pathways and divergent mechanisms of GIPC signaling in various cancers and provide a rationale for emerging GIPC-targeted cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasmia Ahmed
- Deparment of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Karthikeyan Mythreye
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nam Y Lee
- Deparment of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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8
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Bao R, Surriga O, Olson DJ, Allred JB, Strand CA, Zha Y, Carll T, Labadie BW, Bastos BR, Butler M, Hogg D, Musi E, Ambrosini G, Munster P, Schwartz GK, Luke JJ. Transcriptional analysis of metastatic uveal melanoma survival nominates NRP1 as a therapeutic target. Melanoma Res 2021; 31:27-37. [PMID: 33170593 PMCID: PMC7755667 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma is a rare form of melanoma with particularly poor outcomes in the metastatic setting. In contrast with cutaneous melanoma, uveal melanoma lacks BRAF mutations and demonstrates very low response rates to immune-checkpoint blockade. Our objectives were to study the transcriptomics of metastatic uveal melanoma with the intent of assessing gene pathways and potential molecular characteristics that might be nominated for further exploration as therapeutic targets. We initially analyzed transcriptional data from The Cancer Genome Atlas suggesting PI3K/mTOR and glycolysis as well as IL6 associating with poor survival. From tumor samples collected in a prospective phase II trial (A091201), we performed a transcriptional analysis of human metastatic uveal melanoma observing a novel role for epithelial-mesenchymal transition associating with survival. Specifically, we nominate and describe initial functional validation of neuropillin-1 from uveal melanoma cells as associated with poor survival and as a mediator of proliferation and migration for uveal melanoma in vitro. These results immediately nominate potential next steps in clinical research for patients with metastatic uveal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyue Bao
- Hillman Cancer Center, UPMC
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Oliver Surriga
- Columbia University Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Daniel J. Olson
- University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | - Yuanyuan Zha
- University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Timothy Carll
- University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Brian W. Labadie
- University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Bruno R. Bastos
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
- Miami Cancer Institute, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Marcus Butler
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Hogg
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elgilda Musi
- Columbia University Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Grazia Ambrosini
- Columbia University Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Pamela Munster
- University of California at San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Gary K. Schwartz
- Columbia University Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jason J. Luke
- Hillman Cancer Center, UPMC
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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9
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Neuropilins (NRP1 and NRP2) are multifunctional receptor proteins that are involved in nerve, blood vessel, and tumor development. NRP1 was first found to be expressed in neurons, but subsequent studies have demonstrated its surface expression in cells from the endothelium and lymph nodes. NRP1 has been demonstrated to be involved in the occurrence and development of a variety of cancers. NRP1 interacts with various cytokines, such as vascular endothelial growth factor family and its receptor and transforming growth factor β1 and its receptor, to affect tumor angiogenesis, tumor proliferation, and migration. In addition, NRP1+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an inhibitory role in tumor immunity. High numbers of NRP1+ Tregs were associated with cancer prognosis. Targeting NRP1 has shown promise, and antagonists against NRP1 have had therapeutic efficacy in preliminary clinical studies. NRP1 treatment modalities using nanomaterials, targeted drugs, oncolytic viruses, and radio-chemotherapy have gradually been developed. Hence, we reviewed the use of NRP1 in the context of tumorigenesis, progression, and treatment.
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10
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Autocrine Signaling of NRP1 Ligand Galectin-1 Elicits Resistance to BRAF-Targeted Therapy in Melanoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082218. [PMID: 32784465 PMCID: PMC7463444 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma cells addicted to mutated BRAF oncogene activity can be targeted by specific kinase inhibitors until they develop resistance to therapy. We observed that the expression of Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a soluble ligand of Neuropilin-1 (NRP1), is upregulated in melanoma tumor samples and melanoma cells resistant to BRAF-targeted therapy. We then demonstrated that Gal-1 is a novel driver of resistance to BRAF inhibitors in melanoma and that its activity is linked to the concomitant upregulation of the NRP1 receptor observed in drug-resistant cells. Mechanistically, Gal-1 sustains increased expression of NRP1 and EGFR in drug-resistant melanoma cells. Moreover, consistent with its role as a NRP1 ligand, Gal-1 negatively controls p27 levels, a mechanism previously found to enable EGFR upregulation in cancer cells. Finally, the combined treatment with a Gal-1 inhibitor and a NRP1 blocking drug enabled resistant melanoma cell resensitization to BRAF-targeted therapy. In summary, we found that the activation of Galectin-1/NRP1 autocrine signaling is a new mechanism conferring independence from BRAF kinase activity to oncogene-addicted melanoma cells.
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11
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Confeld MI, Mamnoon B, Feng L, Jensen-Smith H, Ray P, Froberg J, Kim J, Hollingsworth MA, Quadir M, Choi Y, Mallik S. Targeting the Tumor Core: Hypoxia-Responsive Nanoparticles for the Delivery of Chemotherapy to Pancreatic Tumors. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:2849-2863. [PMID: 32521162 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), early onset of hypoxia triggers remodeling of the extracellular matrix, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, increased cell survival, the formation of cancer stem cells, and drug resistance. Hypoxia in PDAC is also associated with the development of collagen-rich, fibrous extracellular stroma (desmoplasia), resulting in severely impaired drug penetration. To overcome these daunting challenges, we created polymer nanoparticles (polymersomes) that target and penetrate pancreatic tumors, reach the hypoxic niches, undergo rapid structural destabilization, and release the encapsulated drugs. In vitro studies indicated a high cellular uptake of the polymersomes and increased cytotoxicity of the drugs under hypoxia compared to unencapsulated drugs. The polymersomes decreased tumor growth by nearly 250% and significantly increased necrosis within the tumors by 60% in mice compared to untreated controls. We anticipate that these polymer nanoparticles possess a considerable translational potential for delivering drugs to solid hypoxic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew I Confeld
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, United States
| | - Babak Mamnoon
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, United States
| | - Li Feng
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, United States
| | - Heather Jensen-Smith
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Priyanka Ray
- Coatings and Polymeric Materials Department, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - James Froberg
- Physics Department, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, United States
| | - Jiha Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Michael A Hollingsworth
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Mohiuddin Quadir
- Coatings and Polymeric Materials Department, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Yongki Choi
- Physics Department, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, United States
| | - Sanku Mallik
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, United States
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12
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The Role of Rho GTPases in VEGF Signaling in Cancer Cells. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2020; 2020:2097214. [PMID: 32377503 PMCID: PMC7182966 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2097214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) consist of five molecules (VEGFA through D as well as placental growth factor) which are crucial for regulating key cellular and tissue functions. The role of VEGF and its intracellular signaling and downstream molecular pathways have been thoroughly studied. Activation of VEGF signal transduction can be initiated by the molecules' binding to two classes of transmembrane receptors: (1) the VEGF tyrosine kinase receptors (VEGF receptors 1 through 3) and (2) the neuropilins (NRP1 and 2). The involvement of Rho GTPases in modulating VEGFA signaling in both cancer cells and endothelial cells has also been well established. Additionally, different isoforms of Rho GTPases, namely, RhoA, RhoC, and RhoG, have been shown to regulate VEGF expression as well as blood vessel formation. This review article will explore how Rho GTPases modulate VEGF signaling and the consequences of such interaction on cancer progression.
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13
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Neuropilin: Handyman and Power Broker in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1223:31-67. [PMID: 32030684 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-35582-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Neuropilin-1 and neuropilin-2 form a small family of transmembrane receptors, which, due to the lack of a cytosolic protein kinase domain, act primarily as co-receptors for various ligands. Performing at the molecular level both the executive and organizing functions of a handyman as well as of a power broker, they are instrumental in controlling the signaling of various receptor tyrosine kinases, integrins, and other molecules involved in the regulation of physiological and pathological angiogenic processes. In this setting, the various neuropilin ligands and interaction partners on various cells of the tumor microenvironment, such as cancer cells, endothelial cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and immune cells, are surveyed. The suitability of various neuropilin-targeting substances and the intervention in neuropilin-mediated interactions is considered as a possible building block of tumor therapy.
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14
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Jahejo AR, Niu S, Zhang D, Ning GB, Khan A, Mangi RA, Qadir MF, Khan A, Li JH, Tian WX. Transcriptome analysis of MAPK signaling pathway and associated genes to angiogenesis in chicken erythrocytes on response to thiram-induced tibial lesions. Res Vet Sci 2019; 127:65-75. [PMID: 31678455 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study was planned to investigate TD (Tibial dyschondroplasia) on the potential MAPK signaling pathway and angiogenesis related genes. Forty-eight broilers were allotted into control (C) and treatment (T) groups of 2, 6 and 15 days as C1, C2, C3, T1, T2 and T3. The histopathology results revealed that tibiotarsus bone of chickens had more lesions on day 6 (T2 group). The chondrocytes were disordered, and the size, shape and proliferation were affected. Transcriptome results revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified were 63, 1026, 623, 130, 141 and 146 in C1 (2 days control vs 6 days control); C2 (2 days control vs 15 days control); C3 (6 days control vs 15 days control); T1 (2 days treatment vs 6 days treatment); T2 (2 days treatment vs 15 days treatment) and T3 (6 days treatment vs 15 days treatment) groups respectively. Whereas, 10 angiogenesis related-genes RHOC, MEIS2, BAIAP2, TGFBI, KLF2, CYR61, PTPN11, PLXNC1, HSPH1 and NRP2 were downregulated on day 6 in the treatment group. The pathway which was found enriched in the control and treatment groups was MAPK signaling pathway. Therefore selected 10 MAPK signaling pathway-related genes RAC2, MAP3K1, PRKCB, FLNB, IL1R1, PTPN7, RPS6KA, MAP3K6, GNA12 and HSPA8 which were found significantly downregulated in the treatment group on day 6. It is concluded that angiogenesis and MAPK signaling pathway related genes has an essential role in TD, as those top screened genes found downregulated in the thiram fed chickens when TD observed severed on day 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Raza Jahejo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Sheng Niu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Ding Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Guan-Bao Ning
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Afrasyab Khan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Raza Ali Mangi
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Muhammad Farhan Qadir
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Ajab Khan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Jian-Hui Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Wen-Xia Tian
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China.
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15
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Ahmat Amin MKB, Shimizu A, Ogita H. The Pivotal Roles of the Epithelial Membrane Protein Family in Cancer Invasiveness and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1620. [PMID: 31652725 PMCID: PMC6893843 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The members of the family of epithelial membrane proteins (EMPs), EMP1, EMP2, and EMP3, possess four putative transmembrane domain structures and are composed of approximately 160 amino acid residues. EMPs are encoded by the growth arrest-specific 3 (GAS3)/peripheral myelin protein 22 kDa (PMP22) gene family. The GAS3/PMP22 family members play roles in cell migration, growth, and differentiation. Evidence indicates an association of these molecules with cancer progression and metastasis. Each EMP has pro- and anti-metastatic functions that are likely involved in the complex mechanisms of cancer progression. We have recently demonstrated that the upregulation of EMP1 expression facilitates cancer cell migration and invasion through the activation of a small GTPase, Rac1. The inoculation of prostate cancer cells overexpressing EMP1 into nude mice leads to metastasis to the lymph nodes and lungs, indicating that EMP1 contributes to metastasis. Pro-metastatic properties of EMP2 and EMP3 have also been proposed. Thus, targeting EMPs may provide new insights into their clinical utility. Here, we highlight the important aspects of EMPs in cancer biology, particularly invasiveness and metastasis, and describe recent therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Khusni B Ahmat Amin
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Japan.
- Translational Research Unit, Department of International Collaborative Research, Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Akio Shimizu
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Hisakazu Ogita
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Japan.
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16
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Ma L, Zhai B, Zhu H, Li W, Jiang W, Lei L, Zhang S, Qiao H, Jiang X, Sun X. The miR-141/neuropilin-1 axis is associated with the clinicopathology and contributes to the growth and metastasis of pancreatic cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:248. [PMID: 31572065 PMCID: PMC6764122 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0963-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) is a non-tyrosine kinase receptor interacting with multiple signaling pathways that underpin the biological behavior and fate of cancer cells. However, in pancreatic cancer, the mechanisms underlying the function of NRP-1 in cell proliferation and metastasis and the involvement of regulatory upstream miRNAs remain unclear. Methods Potential miRNAs were mined by using multiple bioinformatics prediction tools and validated by luciferase assays. The expression of NRP-1 and miRNA-141 (miR-141) in pancreatic tissues and cells was examined by immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting and/or real-time RT-PCR. Stable transfected cells depleted of NRP-1 were generated, and regulatory effects of miR-141 were investigated by transfecting cells with miR-141 mimics and anti-miR-141. Assays of cell viability, proliferation, cell cycle distribution, transwell migration and cell scratch were employed. Xenograft tumor models were established to assess the effects of NRP-1 depletion on tumorigenesis and liver metastasis, and therapeutic effects of miR-141 on tumor growth. The role of miR-141/NRP-1 axis in regulating epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) by co-interacting the TGF-β pathway was examined. Results In this study, of 12 candidate miRNAs identified, miR-141 showed the strongest ability to regulate NRP-1. In pancreatic cancer tissues and cells, the expression level of NRP-1 was negatively correlated with that of miR-141. NRP-1 was highly expressed in pancreatic cancer tissues compared with normal pancreatic tissues, and its expression levels were positively correlated with tumor grade, lymph metastasis and AJCC staging. NRP-1 depletion inhibited cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase through upregulating p27 and downregulating cyclin E and cyclin-dependent kinase 2, and reduced cell migration by inhibiting EMT through upregulating E-cadherin and downregulating Snail and N-cadherin. Through downregulating NRP-1, miR-141 mimics showed a similar effect as NRP-1 depletion on cell proliferation and migration. NRP-1 depletion suppressed tumor growth and liver metastasis and miR-141 mimics inhibited the growth of established tumors in mice. NRP-1 depletion and/or miR-141 mimics inhibited the activation of the TGF-β pathway stimulated by TGF-β ligand. Conclusions The present results indicate that NRP-1 is negatively regulated by miR-141 and the miR-141/NRP-1 axis may serve as potentially valuable biomarkers and therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Ma
- 1Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001 China
| | - Bo Zhai
- 2Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001 China.,3The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001 China
| | - Huaqiang Zhu
- 4Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, 250021 China
| | - Weidong Li
- 2Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001 China.,3The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001 China
| | - Wenjing Jiang
- 3The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001 China
| | - Liwang Lei
- 1Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001 China
| | - Shujun Zhang
- 5Department of Pathology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001 China
| | - Haiquan Qiao
- 1Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001 China
| | - Xian Jiang
- 1Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001 China.,3The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001 China
| | - Xueying Sun
- 3The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001 China
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17
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Carretero-Ortega J, Chhangawala Z, Hunt S, Narvaez C, Menéndez-González J, Gay CM, Zygmunt T, Li X, Torres-Vázquez J. GIPC proteins negatively modulate Plexind1 signaling during vascular development. eLife 2019; 8:e30454. [PMID: 31050647 PMCID: PMC6499541 DOI: 10.7554/elife.30454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Semaphorins (SEMAs) and their Plexin (PLXN) receptors are central regulators of metazoan cellular communication. SEMA-PLXND1 signaling plays important roles in cardiovascular, nervous, and immune system development, and cancer biology. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that modulate SEMA-PLXND1 signaling. As PLXND1 associates with GIPC family endocytic adaptors, we evaluated the requirement for the molecular determinants of their association and PLXND1's vascular role. Zebrafish that endogenously express a Plxnd1 receptor with a predicted impairment in GIPC binding exhibit low penetrance angiogenesis deficits and antiangiogenic drug hypersensitivity. Moreover, gipc mutant fish show angiogenic impairments that are ameliorated by reducing Plxnd1 signaling. Finally, GIPC depletion potentiates SEMA-PLXND1 signaling in cultured endothelial cells. These findings expand the vascular roles of GIPCs beyond those of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)-dependent, proangiogenic GIPC1-Neuropilin 1 complex, recasting GIPCs as negative modulators of antiangiogenic PLXND1 signaling and suggest that PLXND1 trafficking shapes vascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Carretero-Ortega
- Department of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular MedicineNew York University Langone Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Zinal Chhangawala
- Department of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular MedicineNew York University Langone Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Shane Hunt
- Department of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular MedicineNew York University Langone Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Carlos Narvaez
- Department of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular MedicineNew York University Langone Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Javier Menéndez-González
- Department of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular MedicineNew York University Langone Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Carl M Gay
- Department of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular MedicineNew York University Langone Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Tomasz Zygmunt
- Department of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular MedicineNew York University Langone Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Xiaochun Li
- Department of Population HealthNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Jesús Torres-Vázquez
- Department of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular MedicineNew York University Langone Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
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18
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Grun D, Adhikary G, Eckert RL. NRP-1 interacts with GIPC1 and SYX to activate p38 MAPK signaling and cancer stem cell survival. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:488-499. [PMID: 30456845 PMCID: PMC6417965 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal cancer stem cells (ECS cells) comprise a limited population of cells that form aggressive, rapidly growing, and highly vascularized tumors. VEGF-A/NRP-1 signaling is a key driver of the ECS cell phenotype and aggressive tumor formation. However, relatively less is known regarding the downstream events following VEGF-A/NRP-1 interaction. In the present study, we show that VEGF-A/NRP-1, GIPC1, and Syx interact to increase RhoA-dependent p38 MAPK activity to enhance ECS cell spheroid formation, invasion, migration, and angiogenic potential. Inhibition or knockdown of NRP-1, GIPC1 or Syx attenuates RhoA and p38 activity to reduce the ECS cell phenotype, and NRP-1 knockout, or pharmacologic inhibition of VEGF-A/NRP-1 interaction or RhoA activity, reduces p38 MAPK activity and tumor growth. Moreover, expression of wild-type or constitutively-active RhoA, or p38, in NRP1-knockout cells, restores p38 activity and the ECS cell phenotype. These findings suggest that NRP-1 forms a complex with GIPC1 and Syx to activate RhoA/ROCK-dependent p38 activity to enhance the ECS cell phenotype and tumor formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Grun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gautam Adhikary
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Richard L Eckert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Dermatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Reproductive Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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19
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Niland S, Eble JA. Neuropilins in the Context of Tumor Vasculature. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030639. [PMID: 30717262 PMCID: PMC6387129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropilin-1 and Neuropilin-2 form a small family of plasma membrane spanning receptors originally identified by the binding of semaphorin and vascular endothelial growth factor. Having no cytosolic protein kinase domain, they function predominantly as co-receptors of other receptors for various ligands. As such, they critically modulate the signaling of various receptor tyrosine kinases, integrins, and other molecules involved in the regulation of physiological and pathological angiogenic processes. This review highlights the diverse neuropilin ligands and interacting partners on endothelial cells, which are relevant in the context of the tumor vasculature and the tumor microenvironment. In addition to tumor cells, the latter contains cancer-associated fibroblasts, immune cells, and endothelial cells. Based on the prevalent neuropilin-mediated interactions, the suitability of various neuropilin-targeted substances for influencing tumor angiogenesis as a possible building block of a tumor therapy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Niland
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Johannes A Eble
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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20
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Rizzolio S, Cagnoni G, Battistini C, Bonelli S, Isella C, Van Ginderachter JA, Bernards R, Di Nicolantonio F, Giordano S, Tamagnone L. Neuropilin-1 upregulation elicits adaptive resistance to oncogene-targeted therapies. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:3976-3990. [PMID: 29953416 DOI: 10.1172/jci99257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell dependence on activated oncogenes is therapeutically targeted, but acquired resistance is virtually unavoidable. Here we show that the treatment of addicted melanoma cells with BRAF inhibitors, and of breast cancer cells with HER2-targeted drugs, led to an adaptive rise in neuropilin-1 (NRP1) expression, which is crucial for the onset of acquired resistance to therapy. Moreover, NRP1 levels dictated the efficacy of MET oncogene inhibitors in addicted stomach and lung carcinoma cells. Mechanistically, NRP1 induced a JNK-dependent signaling cascade leading to the upregulation of alternative effector kinases EGFR or IGF1R, which in turn sustained cancer cell growth and mediated acquired resistance to BRAF, HER2, or MET inhibitors. Notably, the combination with NRP1-interfering molecules improved the efficacy of oncogene-targeted drugs and prevented or even reversed the onset of resistance in cancer cells and tumor models. Our study provides the rationale for targeting the NRP1-dependent upregulation of tyrosine kinases, which are responsible for loss of responsiveness to oncogene-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Rizzolio
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.,Oncology Department, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Gabriella Cagnoni
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.,Oncology Department, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Battistini
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.,Oncology Department, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Bonelli
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium.,Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Claudio Isella
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.,Oncology Department, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Jo A Van Ginderachter
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium.,Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - René Bernards
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Federica Di Nicolantonio
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.,Oncology Department, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Giordano
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.,Oncology Department, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Tamagnone
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.,Oncology Department, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
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21
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Grun D, Adhikary G, Eckert RL. NRP-1 interacts with GIPC1 and α6/β4-integrins to increase YAP1/∆Np63α-dependent epidermal cancer stem cell survival. Oncogene 2018; 37:4711-4722. [PMID: 29755126 PMCID: PMC6381998 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0290-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We have identified an epidermal cancer stem (ECS) cell population that drives formation of rapidly growing and highly invasive and vascularized tumors. VEGF-A and neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) are highly expressed in ECS cell tumors and VEGF-A/NRP-1 interaction is required for ECS cell survival and tumor vascularization. We now identify a novel signaling cascade that is triggered by VEGF-A/NRP-1. We show that NRP-1 forms a complex with GIPC1 and α6/β4-integrin to activate FAK/Src signaling, which leads to stabilization of a YAP1/∆Np63α to enhance ECS cell survival, invasion, and angiogenesis. Loss of NRP-1, GIPC1, α6/β4-integrins, YAP1, or ∆Np63α reduces these responses. Moreover, restoration of constituently active YAP1 or ∆Np63α in NRP-1 null cells restores the ECS cell phenotype. Tumor xenograft experiments show that NRP-1 knockout ECS cells form small tumors characterized by reduced vascularization as compared to wild-type cells. The NRP-1 knockout tumors display signaling changes consistent with a role for the proposed signaling cascade. These studies suggest that VEGF-A interacts with NRP-1 and GIPC1 to regulate α6/β4-integrin, FAK, Src, PI3K/PDK1, LATS1 signaling to increase YAP1/∆Np63α accumulation to drive ECS cell survival, angiogenesis, and tumor formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Grun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Gautam Adhikary
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Richard L Eckert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,Department of Dermatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,Department of Reproductive Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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22
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Ahmat Amin MKB, Shimizu A, Zankov DP, Sato A, Kurita S, Ito M, Maeda T, Yoshida T, Sakaue T, Higashiyama S, Kawauchi A, Ogita H. Epithelial membrane protein 1 promotes tumor metastasis by enhancing cell migration via copine-III and Rac1. Oncogene 2018; 37:5416-5434. [PMID: 29867202 PMCID: PMC6172191 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0286-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is the most common cause of cancer death. Elucidation of the mechanism of tumor metastasis is therefore important in the development of novel, effective anti-cancer therapies to reduce cancer mortality. Interaction between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment is a key factor in tumor metastasis. Using a co-culture assay system with human prostate cancer LNCaP cells and primary human prostate stromal cells, we identified epithelial membrane protein 1 (EMP1) as a gene with elevated expression in the cancer cells. The orthotopic injection of LNCaP cells overexpressing EMP1 (EMP1-LNCaP cells) into the prostate of nude mice induced lymph node and lung metastases, while that of control LNCaP cells did not. EMP1-LNCaP cells had higher cell motility and Rac1 activity than control LNCaP cells. These results were also observed in other lines of cancer cells. We newly identified copine-III as an intracellular binding partner of EMP1. Knockdown of copine-III attenuated the increased cell motility and Rac1 activity in EMP1-LNCaP cells. Reduced cell motility and Rac1 activity following knockdown of copine-III in EMP1-LNCaP cells were recovered by re-expression of wild-type copine-III, but not of a copine-III mutant incapable of interacting with EMP1, suggesting the importance of the EMP1–copine-III interaction. Phosphorylated and activated Src and a Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor Vav2 were found to be involved in the EMP1-induced enhancement of cell motility and Rac1 activation. Moreover, EMP1 was highly expressed in prostate cancer samples obtained from patients with higher Gleason score. These results demonstrate that upregulation of EMP1 significantly increases cancer cell migration that leads to tumor metastasis, suggesting that EMP1 may play an essential role as a positive regulator of tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Khusni B Ahmat Amin
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Akio Shimizu
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Dimitar P Zankov
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Akira Sato
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Souichi Kurita
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Masami Ito
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Toshinaga Maeda
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yoshida
- Department of Urology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Sakaue
- Division of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Proteo-Science Center (PROS), Ehime University, Toon, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Shigeki Higashiyama
- Division of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Proteo-Science Center (PROS), Ehime University, Toon, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kawauchi
- Department of Urology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Ogita
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
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Shimizu A, Zankov DP, Kurokawa-Seo M, Ogita H. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A Exerts Diverse Cellular Effects via Small G Proteins, Rho and Rap. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041203. [PMID: 29659486 PMCID: PMC5979568 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) include five molecules (VEGF-A, -B, -C, -D, and placental growth factor), and have various roles that crucially regulate cellular functions in many kinds of cells and tissues. Intracellular signal transduction induced by VEGFs has been extensively studied and is usually initiated by their binding to two classes of transmembrane receptors: receptor tyrosine kinase VEGF receptors (VEGF receptor-1, -2 and -3) and neuropilins (NRP1 and NRP2). In addition to many established results reported by other research groups, we have previously identified small G proteins, especially Ras homologue gene (Rho) and Ras-related protein (Rap), as important mediators of VEGF-A-stimulated signaling in cancer cells as well as endothelial cells. This review article describes the VEGF-A-induced signaling pathways underlying diverse cellular functions, including cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis, and the involvement of Rho, Rap, and their related molecules in these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Shimizu
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Dimitar P Zankov
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Misuzu Kurokawa-Seo
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan.
| | - Hisakazu Ogita
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
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Zhu H, Jiang X, Zhou X, Dong X, Xie K, Yang C, Jiang H, Sun X, Lu J. Neuropilin-1 regulated by miR-320 contributes to the growth and metastasis of cholangiocarcinoma cells. Liver Int 2018; 38:125-135. [PMID: 28618167 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) activates signalling pathways as multifunctional co-receptors in cancer cells. However, its role and how it is regulated by miRNAs in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) have not yet been investigated. METHODS The expression of NRP-1, miR-320 and key molecules involved in cell proliferation, migration and related signalling pathways were detected by immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting and qRT-PCR. Stable transfectants depleted of NRP-1 were generated. The regulatory effect of miR-320 on NRP-1 was evaluated by luciferase reporter assays. Cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution and migration were examined. Xenograft tumour models were established to assess tumourigenesis, tumour growth and lung metastasis. RESULTS Cholangiocarcinoma tissues expressed higher levels of NRP-1 than adjacent normal biliary tissues, and its expression negatively correlated with miR-320. NRP-1 depletion inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest in the G1/S phase by upregulating p27, and downregulating cyclin E and cyclin-dependent kinase 2; and reduced cell migration by inhibiting the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase. NRP-1 depletion suppressed tumourigenesis, tumour growth and lung metastasis by inhibiting cell proliferation and tumour angiogenesis in experimental animals. Depletion of NRP-1 inhibited the activation of VEGF/VEGFR2, EGF/EGFR and HGF/c-Met pathways stimulated by respective ligands. MiR-320 negatively regulated the expression of NRP-1 by binding to the 3'-UTR of NRP-1 promoter, and miR-320 mimics inhibited cell proliferation and migration, and the growth of established tumours in animals by downregulating NRP-1. CONCLUSIONS The present results indicate that NRP-1 is negatively regulated by miR-320, and both of them may be potentially therapeutic targets for CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqiang Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xuesong Dong
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Kai Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chuncheng Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongchi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xueying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Xu D, Chen X, He Q, Luo C. MicroRNA-9 suppresses the growth, migration, and invasion of malignant melanoma cells via targeting NRP1. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:7047-7057. [PMID: 27895497 PMCID: PMC5117879 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s107235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate the gene expression by directly binding to the 3' untranslated region of their target mRNA, thus resulting in mRNA degradation or translational repression. miR-9 has recently been demonstrated to play a role in the development and progression of malignant melanoma (MM), but the regulatory mechanism of miR-9 in the malignant phenotypes of MM still remains largely unknown. In this study, a total of 73 pairs of MM tissues and adjacent normal tissues were collected. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of miR-9. MTT assay, wound healing assay, and transwell assay were conducted to determine the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Luciferase reporter assay was used to determine the targeting relationship between miR-9 and NRP1. Our data demonstrated that miR-9 expression was significantly downregulated in MM tissues compared with that in adjacent normal tissues. The decreased miR-9 level was significantly associated with the tumor stage and metastasis of MM. We also found that the expression level of miR-9 was decreased in MM cell lines (G361, B16, A375, and HME1) compared with normal skin HACAT cells. Ectopic expression of miR-9 led to a significant decrease in the ability of proliferation, migration, and invasion in A375 cells. NRP1 was further identified as a direct target gene of miR-9, and the protein expression of NRP1 was negatively regulated by miR-9 in A375 cells. Furthermore, overexpression of NRP1 reversed the suppressive effects of miR-9 on the malignant phenotypes of A375 cells. In vivo study revealed that miR-9 overexpression decreased the tumor growth, while overexpression of NRP1 increased MM growth. In summary, our findings suggest that the miR-9/NRP1 axis may serve as a potential target for the treatment of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanyong He
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University
| | - Chengqun Luo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University
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Hamm MJ, Kirchmaier BC, Herzog W. Sema3d controls collective endothelial cell migration by distinct mechanisms via Nrp1 and PlxnD1. J Cell Biol 2016; 215:415-430. [PMID: 27799363 PMCID: PMC5100291 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201603100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Semaphorins regulate guidance during cell migration. In addition to repelling endothelial cells, Hamm et al. identify a novel mechanism by which Semaphorin3d/Neuropilin1 regulates collective endothelial cell migration through activating a kinase cascade, which regulates Actin network organization and cell–cell contacts. During cardiovascular development, tight spatiotemporal regulation of molecular cues is essential for controlling endothelial cell (EC) migration. Secreted class III Semaphorins play an important role in guidance of neuronal cell migration and were lately linked to regulating cardiovascular development. Recently, SEMA3D gene disruptions were associated with cardiovascular defects in patients; however, the mechanisms of action were not revealed. Here we show for the first time that Sema3d regulates collective EC migration in zebrafish through two separate mechanisms. Mesenchymal Sema3d guides outgrowth of the common cardinal vein via repulsion and signals through PlexinD1. Additionally, within the same ECs, we identified a novel function of autocrine Sema3d signaling in regulating Actin network organization and EC morphology. We show that this new function requires Sema3d signaling through Neuropilin1, which then regulates Actin network organization through RhoA upstream of Rock, stabilizing the EC sheet. Our findings are highly relevant for understanding EC migration and the mechanisms of collective migration in other contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mailin Julia Hamm
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Bettina Carmen Kirchmaier
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany.,Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, University of Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Wiebke Herzog
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany .,Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Muenster, Germany
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Neuropilin 1 Receptor Is Up-Regulated in Dysplastic Epithelium and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:1055-64. [PMID: 26877262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neuropilins are receptors for disparate ligands, including proangiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor and inhibitory class 3 semaphorin (SEMA3) family members. Differentiated cells in skin epithelium and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma highly express the neuropilin-1 (NRP1) receptor. We examined the expression of NRP1 in human and mouse oral mucosa. NRP1 was significantly up-regulated in oral epithelial dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). NRP1 receptor localized to the outer suprabasal epithelial layers in normal tongue, an expression pattern similar to the normal skin epidermis. However, dysplastic tongue epithelium and OSCC up-regulated NRP1 in basal and proliferating epithelial layers, a profile unseen in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. NRP1 up-regulation is observed in a mouse carcinogen-induced OSCC model and in human tongue OSCC biopsies. Human OSCC cell lines express NRP1 protein in vitro and in mouse tongue xenografts. Sites of capillary infiltration into orthotopic OSCC tumors correlate with high NRP1 expression. HSC3 xenografts, which express the highest NRP1 levels of the cell lines examined, showed massive intratumoral lymphangiogenesis. SEMA3A inhibited OSCC cell migration, suggesting that the NRP1 receptor was bioactive in OSCC. In conclusion, NRP1 is regulated in the oral epithelium and is selectively up-regulated during epithelial dysplasia. NRP1 may function as a reservoir to sequester proangiogenic ligands within the neoplastic compartment, thereby recruiting neovessels toward tumor cells.
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Li L, Jiang X, Zhang Q, Dong X, Gao Y, He Y, Qiao H, Xie F, Xie X, Sun X. Neuropilin-1 is associated with clinicopathology of gastric cancer and contributes to cell proliferation and migration as multifunctional co-receptors. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2016; 35:16. [PMID: 26795388 PMCID: PMC4722781 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0291-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein participating in the growth and metastasis of cancer cells as multifunctional co-receptors by interacting with the signaling pathways. However, its role in gastric cancer has not yet been clarified. This study aims to investigate whether NRP-1 expression is associated with the clinicopathology of gastric cancer, and involved in the growth and metastasis of gastric cancer cells. Methods NRP-1 expression in clinical gastric cancer specimens was examined by immunohistochemistry and its association with clinicopathology analyzed. The expression of NRP-1 in a panel of human gastric cancer cells was examined by real-time RT-PCR and immunoblotting. Stable transfectants depleted of NRP-1, termed MGC-803-NRPlow, were generated from MGC-803 cells. Cell proliferation was analyzed by the Cell Counting Kit-8 and Bromodeoxyuridine incorporation assays, and migrating ability analyzed by migration assays. The xenograft model was used to assess the effects of NRP-1 depletion on tumorigenesis, growth, metastasis and therapeutic potentials. The role of NRP-1 as co-receptors in the signaling pathways stimulated by ligands was examined. The key molecules involved in cell proliferation, migration and related signaling pathways were detected by immunoblotting. Results Gastric cancer tissues expressed higher levels of NRP-1 compared to normal gastric mucosa. Its expression correlated with clinical staging, tumor differentiation and pathological types. NRP-1 depletion inhibited cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest in the G1/S phase by upregulating p27, and downregulating cyclin E and cyclin-dependent kinase 2. NRP-1 depletion reduced the ability of cells to migrate by inhibiting the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase. NRP-1 depletion suppressed tumorigenesis, tumor growth and lung metastasis by inhibiting cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis in situ. Therapeutic NRP-1 shRNA inhibited the growth of established BGC823 tumors. Depletion of NRP-1 inhibited the activation of VEGF/VEGFR2, EGF/EGFR and HGF/c-Met pathways stimulated by respective recombinant human VEGF-165, EGF and HGF proteins. Conclusions The present results indicate that NRP-1 may be a potentially valuable biomarker and therapeutic target for gastric cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-016-0291-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266011, China.
| | - Xian Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266011, China.
| | - Xuesong Dong
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Yuqiang Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, No. 1 Jiaozhou Road, Qingdao, 266011, China.
| | - Yuanlong He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, No. 1 Jiaozhou Road, Qingdao, 266011, China.
| | - Haiquan Qiao
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Fangyu Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, No. 1 Jiaozhou Road, Qingdao, 266011, China.
| | - Xiangjun Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, No. 1 Jiaozhou Road, Qingdao, 266011, China.
| | - Xueying Sun
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, 150001, China.
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