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Behzadi P, St Hilaire C. Aging Two-Step: SOX9's Influence on Vascular Stiffness and Senescence. Circ Res 2024; 134:325-327. [PMID: 38300983 PMCID: PMC10836817 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.324212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Parya Behzadi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (P.B., C.S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Cynthia St Hilaire
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (P.B., C.S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Bioengineering (C.S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
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2
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Xu R, Li N, Shi B, Li Z, Han J, Sun J, Yallowitz A, Bok S, Xiao S, Wu Z, Chen Y, Xu Y, Qin T, Lin Z, Zheng H, Shen R, Greenblatt M. Schnurri-3 inhibition rescues skeletal fragility and vascular skeletal stem cell niche pathology in a mouse model of osteogenesis imperfecta. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3153957. [PMID: 37546916 PMCID: PMC10402191 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3153957/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a disorder of low bone mass and increased fracture risk due to a range of genetic variants that prominently include mutations in genes encoding type collagen. While it is well known that OI reflects defects in the activity of bone-forming osteoblasts, it is currently unclear whether OI also reflects defects in the many other cell types comprising bone, including defects in skeletal vascular endothelium or the skeletal stem cell populations that give rise to osteoblasts and whether correcting these broader defects could have therapeutic utility. Here, we find that numbers of skeletal stem cells (SSCs) and skeletal arterial endothelial cells (AECs) are augmented in Col1a2oim/oim mice, a well-studied animal model of moderate to severe OI, suggesting that disruption of a vascular SSC niche is a feature of OI pathogenesis. Moreover, crossing Col1a2oim/oim mice to mice lacking a negative regulator of skeletal angiogenesis and bone formation, Schnurri 3 (SHN3), not only corrected the SSC and AEC phenotypes but moreover robustly corrected the bone mass and spontaneous fracture phenotypes. As this finding suggested a strong therapeutic utility of SHN3 inhibition for the treatment of OI, a bone-targeting AAV was used to mediate Shn3 knockdown, rescuing the Col1a2oim/oim phenotype and providing therapeutic proof-of-concept for targeting SHN3 for the treatment of OI. Overall, this work both provides proof-of-concept for inhibition of the SHN3 pathway and more broadly addressing defects in the stem/osteoprogentior niche as is a strategy to treat OI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University
| | | | | | - Zan Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University
| | | | - Jun Sun
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University
| | | | - Seoyeon Bok
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Shuang Xiao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University-ICMRS Collaborating Center for Skeletal Stem Cells, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen
| | - Zouxing Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University-ICMRS Collaborating Center for Skeletal Stem Cells, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen
| | | | - Yan Xu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Tian Qin
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Zhiming Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University-ICMRS Collaborating Center for Skeletal Stem Cells, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen
| | - Haiping Zheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University-ICMRS Collaborating Center for Skeletal Stem Cells, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen
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3
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Tsutsumi R, Eiraku M. How might we build limbs in vitro informed by the modular aspects and tissue-dependency in limb development? Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1135784. [PMID: 37283945 PMCID: PMC10241304 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1135784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Building limb morphogenesis in vitro would substantially open up avenues for research and applications of appendage development. Recently, advances in stem cell engineering to differentiate desired cell types and produce multicellular structures in vitro have enabled the derivation of limb-like tissues from pluripotent stem cells. However, in vitro recapitulation of limb morphogenesis is yet to be achieved. To formulate a method of building limbs in vitro, it is critically important to understand developmental mechanisms, especially the modularity and the dependency of limb development on the external tissues, as those would help us to postulate what can be self-organized and what needs to be externally manipulated when reconstructing limb development in vitro. Although limbs are formed on the designated limb field on the flank of embryo in the normal developmental context, limbs can also be regenerated on the amputated stump in some animals and experimentally induced at ectopic locations, which highlights the modular aspects of limb morphogenesis. The forelimb-hindlimb identity and the dorsal-ventral, proximal-distal, and anterior-posterior axes are initially instructed by the body axis of the embryo, and maintained in the limb domain once established. In contrast, the aspects of dependency on the external tissues are especially underscored by the contribution of incoming tissues, such as muscles, blood vessels, and peripheral nerves, to developing limbs. Together, those developmental mechanisms explain how limb-like tissues could be derived from pluripotent stem cells. Prospectively, the higher complexity of limb morphologies is expected to be recapitulated by introducing the morphogen gradient and the incoming tissues in the culture environment. Those technological developments would dramatically enhance experimental accessibility and manipulability for elucidating the mechanisms of limb morphogenesis and interspecies differences. Furthermore, if human limb development can be modeled, drug development would be benefited by in vitro assessment of prenatal toxicity on congenital limb deficiencies. Ultimately, we might even create a future in which the lost appendage would be recovered by transplanting artificially grown human limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rio Tsutsumi
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Laboratory of Developmental Systems, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mototsugu Eiraku
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Laboratory of Developmental Systems, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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4
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Brown S, Malik S, Aljammal M, O'Flynn A, Hobbs C, Shah M, Roberts SJ, Logan MPO. The Prrx1eGFP Mouse Labels the Periosteum During Development and a Subpopulation of Osteogenic Periosteal Cells in the Adult. JBMR Plus 2022; 7:e10707. [PMID: 36751415 PMCID: PMC9893263 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The identity of the cells that form the periosteum during development is controversial with current dogma suggesting these are derived from a Sox9-positive progenitor. Herein, we characterize a newly created Prrx1eGFP reporter transgenic mouse line during limb formation and postnatally. Interestingly, in the embryo Prrx1eGFP-labeled cells become restricted around the Sox9-positive cartilage anlage without themselves becoming Sox9-positive. In the adult, the Prrx1eGFP transgene live labels a subpopulation of cells within the periosteum that are enriched at specific sites, and this population is diminished in aged mice. The green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled subpopulation can be isolated using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and represents approximately 8% of all isolated periosteal cells. The GFP-labeled subpopulation is significantly more osteogenic than unlabeled, GFP-negative periosteal cells. In addition, the osteogenic and chondrogenic capacity of periosteal cells in vitro can be extended with the addition of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) to the expansion media. We provide evidence to suggest that osteoblasts contributing to cortical bone formation in the embryo originate from Prrx1eGFP-positive cells within the perichondrium, which possibly piggyback on invading vascular cells and secrete new bone matrix. In summary, the Prrx1eGFP mouse is a powerful tool to visualize and isolate periosteal cells and to quantify their properties in the embryo and adult. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Brown
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular BiophysicsKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Saif Malik
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular BiophysicsKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Maria Aljammal
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular BiophysicsKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Aine O'Flynn
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular BiophysicsKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Carl Hobbs
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular BiophysicsKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Scott J Roberts
- UCB PharmaSloughUK,Department of Comparative Biomedical SciencesRoyal Veterinary CollegeLondonUK
| | - Malcolm PO Logan
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular BiophysicsKing's College LondonLondonUK
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5
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Miao M, Zhang Y, Wang X, Lei S, Huang X, Qin L, Shou D. The miRNA-144-5p/IRS1/AKT axis regulates the migration, proliferation, and mineralization of osteoblasts: A mechanism of bone repair in diabetic osteoporosis. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:2220-2231. [PMID: 36168858 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) is a disorder of bone metabolism induced by multiple mechanisms. Previous studies have revealed that microRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in bone metabolism. MiRNA-144-5p has been proven to participate in the regulation of osteoblast activities; however, its specific mechanism in DOP has not been elucidated. This study investigated whether high glucose (HG) inhibited osteoblasts by regulating miRNA-144-5p. Our results showed that HG inhibited bone formation not only in vivo but also in vitro. We observed that HG severely hindered the migration, proliferation and mineralization of osteoblasts, while miRNA-144-5p was upregulated by way of the cell counting kit-8 assay, wound healing assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay and alizarin red staining. Double luciferase reporter experiments showed that miRNA-144-5p directly targeted insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1). The IRS1/AKT signaling pathway is closely related to osteoblasts' migration, proliferation, and mineralization. Silencing miRNA-144-5p promoted the mRNA, and protein expression of IRS1, thereby letting the expression of total AKT down, and then preventing phosphorylation of AKT into the nucleus to regulate migration, proliferation, and mineralization genes of osteoblasts. In conclusion, this study indicated that HG regulated the migration, proliferation, and mineralization of osteoblasts via the miRNA-144-5p/IRS1/AKT axis, which suggested a possible mechanism for DOP pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maomao Miao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuping Wang
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Lei
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Huang
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luping Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan Shou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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6
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Tolonen J, Salo AM, Finnilä M, Aro E, Karjalainen E, Ronkainen V, Drushinin K, Merceron C, Izzi V, Schipani E, Myllyharju J. Reduced bone mass in collagen prolyl 4‐hydroxylase
P4ha1
+/‐
;
P4ha2
‐/‐
compound mutant mice. JBMR Plus 2022; 6:e10630. [PMID: 35720665 PMCID: PMC9189910 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper deposition of the extracellular matrix and its major components, the collagens, is essential for endochondral ossification and bone mass accrual. Collagen prolyl 4‐hydroxylases (C‐P4Hs) hydroxylate proline residues in the ‐X‐Pro‐Gly‐ repeats of all known collagen types. Their product, 4‐hydroxyproline, is essential for correct folding and thermal stability of the triple‐helical collagen molecules in physiological body temperatures. We have previously shown that inactivation of the mouse P4ha1 gene, which codes for the catalytic α subunit of the major C‐P4H isoform, is embryonic lethal, whereas inactivation of the P4ha2 gene produced only a minor phenotype. Instead, mice with a haploinsufficiency of the P4ha1 gene combined with a homozygous deletion of the P4ha2 gene present with a moderate chondrodysplasia due to transient cell death of the growth plate chondrocytes. Here, to further characterize the bone phenotype of the P4ha1+/−; P4ha2−/− mice, we have carried out gene expression analyses at whole‐tissue and single‐cell levels, biochemical analyses, microcomputed tomography, histomorphometric analyses, and second harmonic generation microscopy to show that C‐P4H α subunit expression peaks early and that the C‐P4H deficiency leads to reduced collagen amount, a reduced rate of bone formation, and a loss of trabecular and cortical bone volume in the long bones. The total osteoblast number in the proximal P4ha1+/−; P4ha2−/− tibia and the C‐P4H activity in primary P4ha1+/−; P4ha2−/− osteoblasts were reduced, whereas the population of osteoprogenitor colony‐forming unit fibroblasts was increased in the P4ha1+/−; P4ha2−/− marrow. Thus, the P4ha1+/−; P4ha2−/− mouse model recapitulates key aspects of a recently recognized congenital connective tissue disorder with short stature and bone dysplasia caused by biallelic variants of the human P4HA1 gene. Altogether, the data demonstrate the allele dose‐dependent importance of the C‐P4Hs to the developing organism and a threshold effect of C‐P4H activity in the proper production of bone matrix. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussi‐Pekka Tolonen
- Oulu Center for Cell‐Matrix Research
- Biocenter Oulu
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine University of Oulu Oulu Finland
| | - Antti M. Salo
- Oulu Center for Cell‐Matrix Research
- Biocenter Oulu
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine University of Oulu Oulu Finland
| | - Mikko Finnilä
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine University of Oulu Oulu Finland
| | - Ellinoora Aro
- Oulu Center for Cell‐Matrix Research
- Biocenter Oulu
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine University of Oulu Oulu Finland
| | - Emma Karjalainen
- Oulu Center for Cell‐Matrix Research
- Biocenter Oulu
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine University of Oulu Oulu Finland
| | | | - Kati Drushinin
- Oulu Center for Cell‐Matrix Research
- Biocenter Oulu
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine University of Oulu Oulu Finland
| | - Christophe Merceron
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medicine, and Cell and Developmental Biology University of Michigan School of Medicine Ann Arbor USA
| | - Valerio Izzi
- Oulu Center for Cell‐Matrix Research
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine University of Oulu Oulu Finland
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Oulu Oulu Finland
- Finnish Cancer Institute Helsinki Finland
| | - Ernestina Schipani
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medicine, and Cell and Developmental Biology University of Michigan School of Medicine Ann Arbor USA
| | - Johanna Myllyharju
- Oulu Center for Cell‐Matrix Research
- Biocenter Oulu
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine University of Oulu Oulu Finland
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7
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Zhang H, Fu X, Zhang S, Li Q, Chen Y, Liu H, Zhou W, Wei S. Strategy of Stem Cell Transplantation for Bone Regeneration with Functionalized Biomaterials and Vascularized Tissues in Immunocompetent Mice. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:1656-1666. [PMID: 35341241 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The use of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) to regenerate and repair bone tissue defects is a complex research field of bone tissue engineering; nevertheless, it is a hot topic. One of the biggest problems is the limited survival and osteogenic capacity of the transplanted cells within the host tissue. Even for hBMSCs with their low immunogenicity, the body will still cause a local immune-inflammatory response directed against the allogeneic cells and thereby reduce the activity of the transplanted cells. Even in the case of successful transplantation, the lack of vascularization at the transplantation site makes it difficult for the transplanted cells to exchange nutrients and metabolic wastes that ultimately affects bone regeneration. In this study, we covalently modified alginate with RGD and QK peptides that were injected subcutaneously into immunocompetent mice. Histological analysis, as well as ELISA techniques, proved that this method is able to provide bioactive stem cell transplant beds containing functionalized biomaterials and vascularized surrounding tissues. Inflammation-related factors, such as IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, around the cell graft beds decreased with time and were lowest at the second week. Then, the hBMSCs were injected into the cell transplantation beds intended to form vascularized bonelike tissues that were evaluated by micro-computed tomography (Micro CT), histological, and immunohistochemical analyses. The results showed that the expression of osteogenesis-related proteins RUNX2, COL1A1, and OPN, as well as the expression of angiogenic factor vWF and cartilage-related protein COL2A1 were significantly upregulated in the hBMSC-derived osteogenic tissue. These results suggest that the stem cell transplantation strategy by constructing bioactive cell transplant beds is effective to enhance the bone regeneration capacity of hBMSCs and holds great potential in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhang
- Central Laboratory, and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoming Fu
- Central Laboratory, and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Qian Li
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yang Chen
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- Central Laboratory, and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Central Laboratory, and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Shicheng Wei
- Central Laboratory, and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
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8
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Deshpande R, Shukla S, Kale A, Deshmukh N, Nisal A, Venugopalan P. Silk Fibroin Microparticle Scaffold for Use in Bone Void Filling: Safety and Efficacy Studies. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:1226-1238. [PMID: 35166518 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Silk fibroin (SF) is a natural biocompatible protein polymer extracted from cocoons of silkworm Bombyx mori. SF can be processed into a variety of different forms and shapes that can be used as scaffolds to support bone regeneration. Three-dimensional (3D) SF scaffolds have shown promise in bone-void-filling applications. In in vitro studies, it has been demonstrated that a microparticle-based SF (M-RSF) scaffold promotes the differentiation of stem cells into an osteoblastic lineage. The expression of differentiation markers was also significantly higher for M-RSF scaffolds as compared to other SF scaffolds and commercial ceramic scaffolds. In this work, we have evaluated the in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of M-RSF scaffolds as per the ISO 10993 guidelines in a Good Laboratory Practice (GLP)-certified facility. The cytotoxicity, immunogenicity, genotoxicity, systemic toxicity, and implantation studies confirmed that the M-RSF scaffold is biocompatible. Further, the performance of the M-RSF scaffold to support bone formation was evaluated in in vivo bone implantation studies in a rabbit model. Calcium sulfate (CaSO4) scaffolds were chosen as reference material for this study as they are one of the preferred materials for bone-void-filling applications. M-RSF scaffold implantation sites showed a higher number of osteoblast and osteoclast cells as compared to CaSO4 implantation sites indicating active bone remodeling. The number density of osteocytes was double for M-RSF scaffold implantation sites, and these M-RSF scaffold implantation sites were characterized by enhanced collagen deposition, pointing toward a finer quality of the new bone formed. Moreover, the M-RSF scaffold implantation sites had a negligible incidence of secondary fractures as compared to the CaSO4 implantation sites (∼50% sites with secondary fracture), implying a reduction in postsurgical complications. Thus, the study demonstrates that the M-RSF scaffold is nontoxic for bone-void-filling applications and facilitates superior healing of fracture defects as compared to commercial calcium-based bone void fillers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rucha Deshpande
- Serigen Mediproducts Pvt Ltd., Plot no. 9, Electronic Co-op Estate, Satara Road, Parvati Paytha, Pune 411009, India
| | - Swati Shukla
- Serigen Mediproducts Pvt Ltd., Plot no. 9, Electronic Co-op Estate, Satara Road, Parvati Paytha, Pune 411009, India
| | - Amod Kale
- Intox Private Limited, Pune, 375, Urawade, Tal. Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Narendra Deshmukh
- Intox Private Limited, Pune, 375, Urawade, Tal. Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Anuya Nisal
- Polymer Science and Engineering Dept., CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Premnath Venugopalan
- Polymer Science and Engineering Dept., CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
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9
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Wu J, Yao M, Zhang Y, Lin Z, Zou W, Li J, Habibovic P, Du C. Biomimetic three-layered membranes comprising (poly)-ε-caprolactone, collagen and mineralized collagen for guided bone regeneration. Regen Biomater 2021; 8:rbab065. [PMID: 34881047 PMCID: PMC8648192 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbab065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The distinct structural properties and osteogenic capacity are important aspects to be taken into account when developing guided bone regeneration membranes. Herein, inspired by the structure and function of natural periosteum, we designed and fabricated using electrospinning a fibrous membrane comprising (poly)--ε-caprolactone (PCL), collagen-I (Col) and mineralized Col (MC). The three-layer membranes, having PCL as the outer layer, PCL/Col as the middle layer and PCL/Col/MC in different ratios (5/2.5/2.5 (PCM-1); 3.3/3.3/3.3 (PCM-2); 4/4/4 (PCM-3) (%, w/w/w)) as the inner layer, were produced. The physiochemical properties of the different layers were investigated and a good integration between the layers was observed. The three-layered membranes showed tensile properties in the range of those of natural periosteum. Moreover, the membranes exhibited excellent water absorption capability without changes of the thickness. In vitro experiments showed that the inner layer of the membranes supported attachment, proliferation, ingrowth and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived stromal cells. In particular cells cultured on PCM-2 exhibited a significantly higher expression of osteogenesis-related proteins. The three-layered membranes successfully supported new bone formation inside a critical-size cranial defect in rats, with PCM-3 being the most efficient. The membranes developed here are promising candidates for guided bone regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, and Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Mengyu Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, and Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yonggang Zhang
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6229 ER, the Netherlands
| | - Zefeng Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, and Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Wenwu Zou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, and Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jiaping Li
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6229 ER, the Netherlands
| | - Pamela Habibovic
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6229 ER, the Netherlands
| | - Chang Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, and Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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10
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Madsen E, Mededovic M, Kohn DH. Review on material parameters to enhance bone cell function in vitro and in vivo. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:2039-50. [PMID: 32940685 DOI: 10.1042/BST20200210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone plays critical roles in support, protection, movement, and metabolism. Although bone has an innate capacity for regeneration, this capacity is limited, and many bone injuries and diseases require intervention. Biomaterials are a critical component of many treatments to restore bone function and include non-resorbable implants to augment bone and resorbable materials to guide regeneration. Biomaterials can vary considerably in their biocompatibility and bioactivity, which are functions of specific material parameters. The success of biomaterials in bone augmentation and regeneration is based on their effects on the function of bone cells. Such functions include adhesion, migration, inflammation, proliferation, communication, differentiation, resorption, and vascularization. This review will focus on how different material parameters can enhance bone cell function both in vitro and in vivo.
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11
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Nascimento DR, Balaniuc SLB, Palhares DB, Underwood A, Palhares MG, Alves F, Vieira FO, Souza-Fagundes EM, Giuliani LDR, Xavier PCN, Puerto HLD, Santos RAS, Milsted A, Brum JM, Silva IS, Martins AS. Rare and intractable fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva shows different PBMC phenotype possibly modulated by ascorbic acid and propranolol treatment. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2021; 10:179-189. [PMID: 34466340 PMCID: PMC8397826 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2021.01012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP) is a rare congenital intractable disease associated with a mutation in ACVR1 gene, characterized by skeleton malformations. Ascorbic acid (AA) and propranolol (PP) in combination is reported to minimize flare-ups in patients. FOP leukocyte phenotype may possibly be modulated by AA and PP treatment. In this study, expression of 22 potential target genes was analyzed by RT-PCR in peripheral blood mononuclear cells culture (PBMC) from FOP patients and controls to determine effectiveness of the combination therapy. PBMC were treated with AA, PP and AA+PP combination. Basal expression of 12 of the 22 genes in FOP PBMC was statistically different from controls. ACVR1, ADCY2, ADCY9 and COL3 were downregulated while COL1 was upregulated. ADRB1, ADRB2, RUNX2, TNF-α and ACTB, were all overexpressed in FOP PBMC. In control, AA upregulated COL1, SVCT1, ACTB, AGTR2 and downregulated ADCY2. In FOP cells, AA upregulated ACVR1, BMP4, COL1, COL3, TNF-α, ADCY2, ADCY9, AGTR2 and MAS, while downregulated ADBR2, RUNX2, ADCY1, SVCT1 and ACTB. PP increased ADBR1 and decreased RUNX2, TNF-α, AGTR1, ACTB and CHRNA7 genes in treated control PBMC compared to untreated. PP upregulated ADBR1, ADBR2 and MAS, and downregulated TNF-α and ACTB in treated FOP PBMC versus untreated. AA+PP augmented ADRB1 and ADRB2 expressions in control PBMC. In FOP PBMC, AA+PP augmented ACVR1, COL1, COL3, ADBR1, AGTR2 and MAS expression and downregulated ADBR2, RUNX2, ACTB and MRGD. These data show distinct gene expression modulation in leukocytes from FOP patients when treated with AA and or PP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Adam Underwood
- Walsh University, Division of Mathematics and Sciences, North Canton, OH, USA
| | | | - Fabiana Alves
- UFMG/ Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Centro Universitário Metodista Izabela Hendrix- IMIH, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Francisco Oliveira Vieira
- UFMG/ Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Centro Universitário Metodista Izabela Hendrix- IMIH, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Amy Milsted
- Walsh University, Division of Mathematics and Sciences, North Canton, OH, USA
| | - Jose Mauro Brum
- Procter & Gamble Health Care & Global Clinical Sciences, Mason, OH, USA
| | | | - Almir Sousa Martins
- UFMS/ Faculty of Medicine, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
- UFMG/ Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Address correspondence to:Almir Sousa Martins, UFMG/ Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Av Antonio Carlos, 6627, A4-256, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil - 31.270-900. E-mail: ;
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12
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Urbizu A, Garrett ME, Soldano K, Drechsel O, Loth D, Marcé-Grau A, Mestres I Soler O, Poca MA, Ossowski S, Macaya A, Loth F, Labuda R, Ashley-Koch A. Rare functional genetic variants in COL7A1, COL6A5, COL1A2 and COL5A2 frequently occur in Chiari Malformation Type 1. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251289. [PMID: 33974636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chiari Malformation Type 1 (CM-1) is characterized by herniation of the cerebellar tonsils below the foramen magnum and the presence of headaches and other neurologic symptoms. Cranial bone constriction is suspected to be the most common biologic mechanism leading to CM-1. However, other mechanisms may also contribute, particularly in the presence of connective tissue disorders (CTDs), such as Ehlers Danlos Syndrome (EDS). Accumulating data suggest CM-1 with connective tissue disorders (CTD+) may have a different patho-mechanism and different genetic risk factors than CM-1 without CTDs (CTD-). To identify CM-1 genetic risk variants, we performed whole exome sequencing on a single large, multiplex family from Spain and targeted sequencing on a cohort of 186 unrelated adult, Caucasian females with CM-1. Targeted sequencing captured the coding regions of 21 CM-1 and EDS candidate genes, including two genes identified in the Spanish family. Using gene burden analysis, we compared the frequency of rare, functional variants detected in CM-1 cases versus publically available ethnically-matched controls from gnomAD. A secondary analysis compared the presence of rare variants in these genes between CTD+ and CTD- CM-1 cases. In the Spanish family, rare variants co-segregated with CM-1 in COL6A5, ADGRB3 and DST. A variant in COL7A1 was present in affected and unaffected family members. In the targeted sequencing analysis, rare variants in six genes (COL7A1, COL5A2, COL6A5, COL1A2, VEGFB, FLT1) were significantly more frequent in CM-1 cases compared to public controls. In total, 47% of CM-1 cases presented with rare variants in at least one of the four significant collagen genes and 10% of cases harbored variants in multiple significant collagen genes. Moreover, 26% of CM-1 cases presented with rare variants in the COL6A5 gene. We also identified two genes (COL7A1, COL3A1) for which the burden of rare variants differed significantly between CTD+ and CTD- CM-1 cases. A higher percentage of CTD+ patients had variants in COL7A1 compared to CTD+ patients, while CTD+ patients had fewer rare variants in COL3A1 than did CTD- patients. In summary, rare variants in several collagen genes are particularly frequent in CM-1 cases and those in COL6A5 co-segregated with CM-1 in a Spanish multiplex family. COL6A5 has been previously associated with musculoskeletal phenotypes, but this is the first association with CM-1. Our findings underscore the contribution of rare genetic variants in collagen genes to CM-1, and suggest that CM-1 in the presence and absence of CTD symptoms is driven by different genes.
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13
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Hootnick DR, Levinsohn EM. Embryology of the lower limb demonstrates that congenital absent fibula is a radiologic misnomer. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2021; 305:8-17. [PMID: 33773063 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The congenitally shortened limb (CSL) with fibular deficiency or absence has historically been graded by plain radiography, while associated cartilaginous and arterial soft tissue anomalies have been comparatively neglected. Consistent pathological evidence of remnant cartilaginous bodies in place of the fibula presupposes earlier existence of a preformed cartilaginous template of the fibula. In complete fibular radiographic absences, often associated with midline metatarsal deficiencies, the two usual nutrient arteries to the fibula fail to form, as they normally would have, around the (16-18 mm stage) sixth embryonic week. The histopathology of fallow persisting fibular anlagen, in association with missing arteries and retained primitive arteries, suggests the anlage is a dystrophic, but otherwise normally prefigured, cartilaginous scaffold of the fibula. Thus, the widely employed term absent fibula, which has been grounded in plain radiography, is a misnomer. Additionally, since the metatarsals missing in congenitally shortened limb are midline, the related term, fibular hemimelia, is similarly inaccurate. A new taxonomy, based on embryological principles rather than radiographic appearance alone, will promote limb dystrophism as a more accurate term combining arrested embryonic vascular development and congenitally shortened limb of the lower extremity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Hootnick
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.,Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - E Mark Levinsohn
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.,Department of Radiology, Crouse Irving Memorial Hospital, Syracuse, New York, USA
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14
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Abstract
Inorganic phosphate is a vital constituent of cells and cell membranes, body fluids, and hard tissues. It is a major intracellular divalent anion, participates in many genetic, energy and intermediary metabolic pathways, and is important for bone health. Although we usually think of phosphate mostly in terms of its level in the serum, it is needed for many biological and structural functions of the body. Availability of adequate calcium and inorganic phosphate in the right proportions at the right place is essential for proper acquisition, biomineralization, and maintenance of mass and strength of the skeleton. The three specialized mineralized tissues, bones, teeth, and ossicles, differ from all other tissues in the human body because of their unique ability to mineralize, and the degree and process of mineralization in these tissues also differ to suit the specific functions: locomotion, chewing, and hearing, respectively. Biomineralization is a dynamic, complex, and lifelong process by which precipitations of inorganic calcium and inorganic phosphate divalent ions form biological hard tissues. Understanding the biomineralization process is important for the management of diseases caused by both defective and abnormal mineralization. Hypophosphatemia results in mineralization defects and osteomalacia, and hyperphosphatemia is implicated in abnormal excess calcification and/or ossification, but the exact mechanisms underlying these processes are not fully understood. In this review, we summarize available evidence on the role of phosphate in biomineralization. Other manuscripts in this issue of the journal deal with other relevant aspects of phosphate homeostasis, phosphate signaling and sensing, and disorders resulting from hypo- and hyperphosphatemic states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sudhaker D Rao
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone & Mineral Disorders, Henry Ford Hospital, New Center One; Suite # 800, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
- Bone & Mineral Research Laboratory, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA.
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15
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Horton JA, Hootnick DR. The vascular origins of antero-medial tibial bowing in congenital fibular deficiency. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 304:1889-1900. [PMID: 33314725 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Anteromedial bowing and shortening of the tibia are intrinsic features of limbs with congenital fibular deficiency (CFD). Tibial bowing occurs more frequently when the fibula is radiographically absent rather than deficient. The bowing has been attributed to rapid longitudinal growth of the tibial anlage coupled with anteromedial tibial bending moments of the posterior crural and lateral peroneal musculature unopposed in the absence of a fibular strut. Eccentric mechanical loading results in asymmetric mineral deposition and thickening of the diaphyseal cortex. Skeletogenesis depends upon an intimate interplay between the normally prefigured tibial cartilage anlage and beginning muscular contractile actions during initial vascularization of the anlage, while the embryonic limb vasculature is undergoing a series of transitions. A diaphyseal periosteal collar normally forms at the site of nutrient artery invasion and stabilizes the growing anlage. In CFD however, arteriography consistently reveals anomalous tibial nutrient arterial branches, which originate from a primitive axial artery rather than from the usual posterior tibial artery. These anomalous nutrient arteries enter the tibial shaft at the posterior aspect of the proximal metaphysis, establishing an eccentric bone collar. The developing vasculature of the embryonic limb is responsive to the then most metabolically active tissues. Disruption of the reciprocal relationship between the transitioning vasculature and the developing long bones is pivotal in producing the diverse skeletal malformations of the congenital short limb (CSL). Embryonic vascular dysgenesis contributes not only to the well-recognized congenital tibial and fibular shortenings but also predisposes to congenital anteromedial bowing of the tibia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Horton
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.,Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - David R Hootnick
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.,Departments of Pediatrics, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.,Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
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16
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Hendriks M, Ramasamy SK. Blood Vessels and Vascular Niches in Bone Development and Physiological Remodeling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:602278. [PMID: 33330496 PMCID: PMC7729063 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.602278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in our understanding of blood vessels and vascular niches in bone convey their critical importance in regulating bone development and physiology. The contribution of blood vessels in bone functions and remodeling has recently gained enormous interest because of their therapeutic potential. The mammalian skeletal system performs multiple functions in the body to regulate growth, homeostasis and metabolism. Blood vessels provide support to various cell types in bone and maintain functional niches in the bone marrow microenvironment. Heterogeneity within blood vessels and niches indicate the importance of specialized vascular niches in regulating skeletal functions. In this review, we discuss physiology of bone vasculature and their specialized niches for hematopoietic stem cells and mesenchymal progenitor cells. We provide clinical and experimental information available on blood vessels during physiological bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Hendriks
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Saravana K. Ramasamy
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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17
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Silva Barreto I, Le Cann S, Ahmed S, Sotiriou V, Turunen MJ, Johansson U, Rodriguez‐Fernandez A, Grünewald TA, Liebi M, Nowlan NC, Isaksson H. Multiscale Characterization of Embryonic Long Bone Mineralization in Mice. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2020; 7:2002524. [PMID: 33173750 PMCID: PMC7610310 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Long bone mineralization occurs through endochondral ossification, where a cartilage template mineralizes into bone-like tissue with a hierarchical organization from the whole bone-scale down to sub-nano scale. Whereas this process has been extensively studied at the larger length scales, it remains unexplored at some of the smaller length scales. In this study, the changes in morphology, composition, and structure during embryonic mineralization of murine humeri are investigated using a range of high-resolution synchrotron-based imaging techniques at several length scales. With micro- and nanometer spatial resolution, the deposition of elements and the shaping of mineral platelets are followed. Rapid mineralization of the humeri occurs over approximately four days, where mineral to matrix ratio and calcium content in the most mineralized zone reach adult values shortly before birth. Interestingly, zinc is consistently found to be localized at the sites of ongoing new mineralization. The mineral platelets in the most recently mineralized regions are thicker, longer, narrower, and less aligned compared to those further into the mineralized region. In summary, this study demonstrates a specific spatial distribution of zinc, with highest concentration where new mineral is being deposited and that the newly formed mineral platelets undergo slight reshaping and reorganization during embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sophie Le Cann
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringLund UniversityLund22100Sweden
| | - Saima Ahmed
- Department of BioengineeringImperial College LondonLondonSW72AZUK
| | - Vivien Sotiriou
- Department of BioengineeringImperial College LondonLondonSW72AZUK
| | - Mikael J. Turunen
- Department of Applied PhysicsUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopio70211Finland
| | | | | | | | - Marianne Liebi
- Department of PhysicsChalmers University of TechnologyGothenburg41296Sweden
| | - Niamh C. Nowlan
- Department of BioengineeringImperial College LondonLondonSW72AZUK
| | - Hanna Isaksson
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringLund UniversityLund22100Sweden
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18
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Chen J, Hu G, Li T, Chen Y, Gao M, Li Q, Hao L, Jia Y, Wang L, Wang Y. Fusion peptide engineered "statically-versatile" titanium implant simultaneously enhancing anti-infection, vascularization and osseointegration. Biomaterials 2020; 264:120446. [PMID: 33069134 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although antimicrobial titanium implants can prevent biomaterial-associated infection (BAI) in orthopedics, they display cytotoxicity and delayed osseointegration. Therefore, versatile implants are desirable for simultaneously inhibiting BAI and promoting osseointegration, especially "statically-versatile" ones with nonessential external stimulations for facilitating applications. Herein, we develop a "statically-versatile" titanium implant by immobilizing an innovative fusion peptide (FP) containing HHC36 antimicrobial sequence and QK angiogenic sequence via sodium borohydride reduction promoted Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC-SB), which shows higher immobilization efficiency than traditional CuAAC with sodium ascorbate reduction (CuAAC-SA). The FP-engineered implant exhibits over 96.8% antimicrobial activity against four types of clinical bacteria (S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and methicillin-resistant S. aureus), being stronger than that modified with mixed peptides. This can be mechanistically attributed to the larger bacterial accessible surface area of HHC36 sequence. Notably, the implant can simultaneously enhance cellular proliferation, up-regulate expressions of angiogenesis-related genes/proteins (VEGF and VEGFR-2) of HUVECs and osteogenesis-related genes/proteins (ALP, COL-1, RUNX-2, OPN and OCN) of hBMSCs. In vivo assay with infection and non-infection bone-defect model reveals that the FP-engineered implant can kill 99.63% of S. aureus, and simultaneously promote vascularization and osseointegration. It is believed that this study presents an excellent strategy for developing "statically-versatile" orthopedic implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guansong Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Tianjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yunhua Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Meng Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qingtao Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lijing Hao
- School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yongguang Jia
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yingjun Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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19
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Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is needed to maintain the structural integrity of tissues and to mediate cellular dynamics. Its main components are fibrous proteins and glycosaminoglycans, which provide a suitable environment for biological functions. Thus, biomaterials with ECM-like properties have been extensively developed by modulating their key components and properties. In the field of cardiac tissue engineering, the use of biomaterials offers several advantages in that biophysical and biochemical cues can be designed to mediate cardiac cells, which is critical for maturation and regeneration. This suggests that understanding biomaterials and their use in vivo and in vitro is beneficial in terms of advancing cardiac engineering. The current review provides an overview of both natural and synthetic biomaterials and their use in cardiac engineering. In addition, we focus on different strategies to recapitulate the cardiac tissue in 2D and 3D approaches, which is an important step for the maturation of cardiac tissues toward regeneration of the adult heart.
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20
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Khajuria DK, Soliman M, Elfar JC, Lewis GS, Abraham T, Kamal F, Elbarbary RA. Aberrant structure of fibrillar collagen and elevated levels of advanced glycation end products typify delayed fracture healing in the diet-induced obesity mouse model. Bone 2020; 137:115436. [PMID: 32439570 PMCID: PMC7938873 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Impaired fracture healing in patients with obesity-associated type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a significant unmet clinical problem that affects millions of people worldwide. However, the underlying causes are poorly understood. Additionally, limited clinical information is available on how pre-diabetic hyperglycemia in obese individuals impacts bone healing. Here, we use the diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse (C57BL/6J) model to study the impact of obesity-associated pre-diabetic hyperglycemia on bone healing and fibrillar collagen organization as healing proceeds from one phase to another. We show that DIO mice exhibit defective healing characterized by reduced bone mineral density, bone volume, and bone volume density. Differences in the healing pattern between lean and DIO mice occur early in the healing process as evidenced by faster resorption of the fibrocartilaginous callus in DIO mice. However, the major differences between lean and DIO mice occur during the later phases of endochondral ossification and bone remodeling. Comprehensive analyses of fibrillar collagen microstructure and expression pattern during these phases, using a set of complementary techniques that include histomorphometry, immunofluorescence staining, and second harmonic generation microscopy, demonstrate significant defects in DIO mice. Defects include strikingly sparse and disorganized collagen fibers, as well as pathological accumulation of unfolded collagen triple helices. We also demonstrate that DIO-associated changes in fibrillar collagen structure are attributable, at least in part, to the accumulation of advanced glycation end products, which increase the collagen-fiber crosslink density. These major changes impair fibrillar collagens functions, culminating in defective callus mineralization, remodeling, and strength. Our data extend the understanding of mechanisms by which obesity and its associated hyperglycemia impair fracture healing and underline defective fibrillar collagen microstructure as a novel and important contributor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar Khajuria
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Center for Orthopaedic Research and Translational Science (CORTS), The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Marwa Soliman
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Center for Orthopaedic Research and Translational Science (CORTS), The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - John C Elfar
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Center for Orthopaedic Research and Translational Science (CORTS), The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Gregory S Lewis
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Center for Orthopaedic Research and Translational Science (CORTS), The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Thomas Abraham
- Microscopy Imaging Facility, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Department of Neural and Behavioural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Fadia Kamal
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Center for Orthopaedic Research and Translational Science (CORTS), The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Reyad A Elbarbary
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Center for Orthopaedic Research and Translational Science (CORTS), The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Center for RNA Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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21
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Abstract
The skeleton is highly vascularized due to the various roles blood vessels play in the homeostasis of bone and marrow. For example, blood vessels provide nutrients, remove metabolic by-products, deliver systemic hormones, and circulate precursor cells to bone and marrow. In addition to these roles, bone blood vessels participate in a variety of other functions. This article provides an overview of the afferent, exchange and efferent vessels in bone and marrow and presents the morphological layout of these blood vessels regarding blood flow dynamics. In addition, this article discusses how bone blood vessels participate in bone development, maintenance, and repair. Further, mechanical loading-induced bone adaptation is presented regarding interstitial fluid flow and pressure, as regulated by the vascular system. The role of the sympathetic nervous system is discussed in relation to blood vessels and bone. Finally, vascular participation in bone accrual with intermittent parathyroid hormone administration, a medication prescribed to combat age-related bone loss, is described and age- and disease-related impairments in blood vessels are discussed in relation to bone and marrow dysfunction. © 2020 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 10:1009-1046, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda D Prisby
- Bone Vascular and Microcirculation Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
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22
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Zheng Y, Zheng Y, Jia L, Zhang Y, Lin Y. Integrated analysis of lncRNA-mRNA networks associated with an SLA titanium surface reveals the potential role of HIF1A-AS1 in bone remodeling. RSC Adv 2020; 10:20972-20990. [PMID: 35517763 PMCID: PMC9054372 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01242d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microstructured titanium surface implants, such as typical sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA) titanium implants, are widely used to promote bone apposition in prosthetic treatment by dental implants following tooth loss. Although there are multiple factors associated with the superior osseointegration of an SLA titanium surface, the molecular mechanisms of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are still unclear. In this study, we characterized smooth (SMO) and SLA surfaces, and compared the osteoinduction of these surfaces using human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) in vitro and implants in a rat model in vivo. Then, we used microarrays and bioinformatics analysis to investigate the differential expression profiles of mRNAs and lncRNAs on SMO and SLA titanium surfaces. An lncRNA–mRNA network was constructed, which showed an interaction between lncRNA HIF1A antisense RNA 1 (HIF1A-AS1) and vascular endothelial growth factor. We further found that knockdown of HIF1A-AS1 significantly decreased osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. This study screened SLA-induced lncRNAs using a systemic strategy and showed that lncRNA HIF1A-AS1 plays a role in promotion of new bone formation in the peri-implant area, providing a novel insight for future surface modifications of implants. Long non-coding RNA HIF1A-AS1 plays a role in SLA titanium surface-induced osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs by regulating p38 MAPK.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zheng
- Department of Oral Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District Beijing 100081 China +86-10-62173402 +86-10-62179977 ext. 5344
| | - Yunfei Zheng
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Lingfei Jia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology Beijing 100081 China.,Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District Beijing 100081 China +86-10-62173402 +86-10-62179977 ext. 5344
| | - Ye Lin
- Department of Oral Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District Beijing 100081 China +86-10-62173402 +86-10-62179977 ext. 5344
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23
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Huang S, Kong A, Cao Q, Tong Z, Wang X. The role of blood vessels in broiler chickens with tibial dyschondroplasia. Poult Sci 2020; 98:6527-6532. [PMID: 31433842 PMCID: PMC8913930 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is an intractable tibiotarsal bone disorder of rapid growing avian species, which leads to huge economic losses and compromised poultry welfare. However, the exact pathogenesis and treatment of TD remain largely unknown. Based on continuous research findings, we propose the TD pathogenesis hypothesis: during skeletal development of TD chickens, due to the absence of vasculature of proximal tibial growth plates (TGP), hypertrophic chondrocytes of the TGP are unable to complete calcification in normal bone development and less dead chondrocytes in the corresponding area can be timely transported through the blood vessels. Moreover, recent studies demonstrate that the TD formation mechanism gradually tends to a large number of dead chondrocytes in the TGP region or apoptosis occur due to various factors (such as, reduction of vascular invasion and blood cells, and increased weight or mechanical force of the tibia), while the reduction of blood vessels is insufficient to remove these chondrocytes and eventually leads to the TD formation. Recognizing the possible role of the blood vessels in the incidence of TD and can propose that the improvement in vasculature might be a novel therapeutic approach for ending TD in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shucheng Huang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Anan Kong
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Qinqin Cao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Zongxi Tong
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xuebing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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24
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Hashimoto K, Kaito T, Furuya M, Seno S, Okuzaki D, Kikuta J, Tsukazaki H, Matsuda H, Yoshikawa H, Ishii M. In vivo dynamic analysis of BMP-2-induced ectopic bone formation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4751. [PMID: 32179857 PMCID: PMC7076033 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61825-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 plays a central role in bone-tissue engineering because of its potent bone-induction ability. However, the process of BMP-induced bone formation in vivo remains poorly elucidated. Here, we aimed to establish a method for intravital imaging of the entire process of BMP-2-induced ectopic bone formation. Using multicolor intravital imaging in transgenic mice, we visualized the spatiotemporal process of bone induction, including appearance and motility of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, angiogenesis, collagen-fiber formation, and bone-mineral deposition. Furthermore, we investigated how PTH1-34 affects BMP-2-induced bone formation, which revealed that PTH1-34 administration accelerated differentiation and increased the motility of osteoblasts, whereas it decreased morphological changes in osteoclasts. This is the first report on visualization of the entire process of BMP-2-induced bone formation using intravital imaging techniques, which, we believe, will contribute to our understanding of ectopic bone formation and provide new parameters for evaluating bone-forming activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiko Hashimoto
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine & Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takashi Kaito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Furuya
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine & Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety Osaka Rosai Hospital, Osaka, 591-8025, Japan
| | - Shigeto Seno
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science & Technology, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Junichi Kikuta
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine & Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsukazaki
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine & Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideo Matsuda
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science & Technology, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideki Yoshikawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaru Ishii
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine & Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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25
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Ding W, Xu C, Zhang Y, Chen H. Advances in the understanding of the role of type-H vessels in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Arch Osteoporos 2020; 15:5. [PMID: 31897773 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-019-0677-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis in the bone and its role in bone metabolic plays a fundamental role in the pathology of osteoporosis. Type-H vessels have been reported to exhibit distinct morphological, molecular, and functional properties. This review is aimed to illustrate the relationship between type-H vessels in the bone and bone metabolism. METHODS This manuscript reviews the articles on in vitro and in vivo experiments concerning the topic of type-H vessels and osteoporosis, and other researches in the area published by the author within the time frame from 2014 to 2019. RESULTS Current literatures have demonstrated that age-related loss of type-H vessels plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Impaired bone mass can be reserved by enhancing the formation of type-H vessels. Activation of the Notch and Hif-1α signaling pathway in bone tissue and exogenous PDGF-BB treatment increase the number of type-H vessels, along with the restoration of bone mass. The effects of osteoblasts and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on type-H vessels remain to be further studied. CONCLUSIONS These studies support unique functions for type-H vessels in the bone that may enable new therapeutic approaches to osteoporosis.
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26
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Haimov H, Shimoni E, Brumfeld V, Shemesh M, Varsano N, Addadi L, Weiner S. Mineralization pathways in the active murine epiphyseal growth plate. Bone 2020; 130:115086. [PMID: 31669250 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.115086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Endochondral ossification in the growth plate of long bones involves cartilage mineralization, bone formation and the budding vasculature. Many of these processes take place in a complex and dynamic zone, the provisional ossification zone, of the growth plate. Here we investigate aspects of mineralization in 2D and 3D in the provisional ossification zone at different length scales using samples preserved under cryogenic or fully hydrated conditions. We use confocal light microscopy, cryo-SEM and micro-CT in the phase contrast mode. We show in 9 week old BALB/c mice the presence of vesicles containing mineral particles in the blood serum, as well as mineral particles without membranes integrated with the blood vessel walls. We also observe labeled mineral particles within cells associated with bone formation, but not in the hypertrophic cartilage cells that are involved with cartilage mineralization. High resolution micro-CT images of fresh hydrated tibiae, show that there are open continuous pathways between the blood vessel extremities and the hypertrophic chondrocyte zone. As the blood vessel extremities, the mineralizing cartilage and the forming bone are all closely associated within this narrow zone, we raise the possibility that in addition to ion transport, mineral necessary for both cartilage and bone formation is also transported through the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heden Haimov
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eyal Shimoni
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Vlad Brumfeld
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michal Shemesh
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Neta Varsano
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lia Addadi
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Steve Weiner
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel.
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27
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Sun Z, Jin H, Zhou H, Yu L, Wan H, He Y. Guhong Injection promotes fracture healing by activating Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 120:109436. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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28
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Charbonnier B, Baradaran A, Sato D, Alghamdi O, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Gbureck U, Gilardino M, Harvey E, Makhoul N, Barralet J. Material-Induced Venosome-Supported Bone Tubes. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2019; 6:1900844. [PMID: 31508287 PMCID: PMC6724474 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201900844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of alternatives to vascular bone grafts, the current clinical standard for the surgical repair of large segmental bone defects still today represents an unmet medical need. The subcutaneous formation of transplantable bone has been successfully achieved in scaffolds axially perfused by an arteriovenous loop (AVL) and seeded with bone marrow stromal cells or loaded with inductive proteins. Although demonstrating clinical potential, AVL-based approaches involve complex microsurgical techniques and thus are not in widespread use. In this study, 3D-printed microporous bioceramics, loaded with autologous total bone marrow obtained by needle aspiration, are placed around and next to an unoperated femoral vein for 8 weeks to assess the effect of a central flow-through vein on bone formation from marrow in a subcutaneous site. A greater volume of new bone tissue is observed in scaffolds perfused by a central vein compared with the nonperfused negative control. These analyses are confirmed and supplemented by calcified and decalcified histology. This is highly significant as it indicates that transplantable vascularized bone can be grown using dispensable vein and marrow tissue only. This is the first report illustrating the capacity of an intrinsic vascularization by a single vein to support ectopic bone formation from untreated marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Charbonnier
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringMcGill University817 Sherbrooke Street WestMontrealH3A 0C3QuebecCanada
| | - Aslan Baradaran
- Experimental Surgery DivisionDepartment of SurgeryFaculty of MedicineMontreal General Hospital1650 Cedar AvenueMontrealH3G 1A4QuebecCanada
| | - Daisuke Sato
- Department of Implant DentistryShowa University Dental Hospital2 Chome‐1‐1 KitasenzokuOta CityTokyo145‐8515Japan
| | - Osama Alghamdi
- Division of Oral & Maxillofacial SurgeryMcGill UniversityMontreal General Hospital1650 Cedar AvenueMontrealH3G 1A4QuebecCanada
| | - Zishuai Zhang
- Faculty of DentistryMcGill University3640, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, University StreetMontrealH3A 0C7QuebecCanada
| | - Yu‐Ling Zhang
- Faculty of DentistryMcGill University3640, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, University StreetMontrealH3A 0C7QuebecCanada
| | - Uwe Gbureck
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and DentistryUniversity of WürzburgPleicherwall 2D‐97070WürzburgGermany
| | - Mirko Gilardino
- Experimental Surgery DivisionDepartment of SurgeryFaculty of MedicineMontreal General Hospital1650 Cedar AvenueMontrealH3G 1A4QuebecCanada
| | - Edward Harvey
- Experimental Surgery DivisionDepartment of SurgeryFaculty of MedicineMontreal General Hospital1650 Cedar AvenueMontrealH3G 1A4QuebecCanada
| | - Nicholas Makhoul
- Division of Oral & Maxillofacial SurgeryMcGill UniversityMontreal General Hospital1650 Cedar AvenueMontrealH3G 1A4QuebecCanada
| | - Jake Barralet
- Experimental Surgery DivisionDepartment of SurgeryFaculty of MedicineMontreal General Hospital1650 Cedar AvenueMontrealH3G 1A4QuebecCanada
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29
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Koivunen J, Kemppainen AV, Finnilä MA, Keski-Filppula R, Härönen H, Tu H, Pellikka H, Heikkinen A, Kylmäoja E, Sormunen R, Miinalainen I, Saarakkala S, Izzi V, Pihlajaniemi T. Collagen XIII-derived ectodomain regulates bone angiogenesis and intracortical remodeling. Matrix Biol 2019; 83:6-25. [PMID: 31220558 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is the most common degenerative bone disease that occurs when the balance of bone production and resorption is perturbed. Loss of bone mass or alteration in its quality leads to significant weakening of the bones and subsequently to higher fracture risk. Collagen XIII (ColXIII) is a conserved transmembrane protein expressed in many mesenchymal tissues. Here we show that ColXIII is a regulator of bone remodeling niche. In this study, we found that ColXIII expression is significantly upregulated in osteoporotic patients. In view of that, we studied bone homeostasis in ColXIII-overexpressing mice (Col13a1oe) up to 72 weeks of age and observed a cortical bone overgrowth followed by a drastic bone loss, together with increased bone vascularization. Moreover, our results demonstrate that the ColXIII-derived ectodomain enhances angiogenesis through β1-integrins and the JNK pathway. Consequently, these data suggest that ColXIII has a role in age-dependent cortical bone deterioration with possible implications for osteoporosis and fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarkko Koivunen
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research and Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, P.O. Box 5400, FIN-90014, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Antti V Kemppainen
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research and Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, P.O. Box 5400, FIN-90014, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mikko A Finnilä
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 5000, FIN-90014, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Riikka Keski-Filppula
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research and Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, P.O. Box 5400, FIN-90014, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Heli Härönen
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research and Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, P.O. Box 5400, FIN-90014, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hongmin Tu
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research and Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, P.O. Box 5400, FIN-90014, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Henri Pellikka
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research and Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, P.O. Box 5400, FIN-90014, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anne Heikkinen
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research and Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, P.O. Box 5400, FIN-90014, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Elina Kylmäoja
- Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Research Center, P.O. Box 5000, FIN-90014, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Raija Sormunen
- Biocenter Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FIN-90014, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ilkka Miinalainen
- Biocenter Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FIN-90014, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Simo Saarakkala
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 5000, FIN-90014, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Valerio Izzi
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research and Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, P.O. Box 5400, FIN-90014, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Taina Pihlajaniemi
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research and Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, P.O. Box 5400, FIN-90014, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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30
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Shang N, Bhullar KS, Hubbard BP, Wu J. Tripeptide IRW initiates differentiation in osteoblasts via the RUNX2 pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:1138-1146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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31
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Morgulis M, Gildor T, Roopin M, Sher N, Malik A, Lalzar M, Dines M, Ben-Tabou de-Leon S, Khalaily L, Ben-Tabou de-Leon S. Possible cooption of a VEGF-driven tubulogenesis program for biomineralization in echinoderms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:12353-62. [PMID: 31152134 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1902126116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomineralization is the process by which living organisms use minerals to form hard structures that protect and support them. Biomineralization is believed to have evolved rapidly and independently in different phyla utilizing preexisting components. The mechanistic understanding of the regulatory networks that drive biomineralization and their evolution is far from clear. Sea urchin skeletogenesis is an excellent model system for studying both gene regulation and mineral uptake and deposition. The sea urchin calcite spicules are formed within a tubular cavity generated by the skeletogenic cells controlled by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling. The VEGF pathway is essential for biomineralization in echinoderms, while in many other phyla, across metazoans, it controls tubulogenesis and vascularization. Despite the critical role of VEGF signaling in sea urchin spiculogenesis, the downstream program it activates was largely unknown. Here we study the cellular and molecular machinery activated by the VEGF pathway during sea urchin spiculogenesis and reveal multiple parallels to the regulation of vertebrate vascularization. Human VEGF rescues sea urchin VEGF knockdown, vesicle deposition into an internal cavity plays a significant role in both systems, and sea urchin VEGF signaling activates hundreds of genes, including biomineralization and interestingly, vascularization genes. Moreover, five upstream transcription factors and three signaling genes that drive spiculogenesis are homologous to vertebrate factors that control vascularization. Overall, our findings suggest that sea urchin spiculogenesis and vertebrate vascularization diverged from a common ancestral tubulogenesis program, broadly adapted for vascularization and specifically coopted for biomineralization in the echinoderm phylum.
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Kunitomi Y, Hara ES, Okada M, Nagaoka N, Kuboki T, Nakano T, Kamioka H, Matsumoto T. Biomimetic mineralization using matrix vesicle nanofragments. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 107:1021-1030. [PMID: 30675987 PMCID: PMC6594056 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In vitro synthesis of bone tissue has been paid attention in recent years; however, current methods to fabricate bone tissue are still ineffective due to some remaining gaps in the understanding of real in vivo bone formation process, and application of the knowledge in bone synthesis. Therefore, the objectives of this study were first, to perform a systematic and ultrastructural investigation of the initial mineral formation during intramembranous ossification of mouse calvaria from a material scientists' viewpoint, and to develop novel mineralization methods based on the in vivo findings. First, the very initial mineral deposition was found to occur at embryonic day E14.0 in mouse calvaria. Analysis of the initial bone formation process showed that it involved the following distinct steps: collagen secretion, matrix vesicle (MV) release, MV mineralization, MV rupture, and collagen fiber mineralization. Next, we performed in vitro mineralization experiments using MVs and hydrogel scaffolds. Intact MVs embedded in collagen gel did not mineralize, whereas, interestingly, MV nanofragments obtained by ultrasonication could promote rapid mineralization. These results indicate that mechanically ruptured MV membrane can be a promising material for in vitro bone tissue synthesis. © 2019 The Authors. journal Of Biomedical Materials Research Part A Published By Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 1021-1030, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Kunitomi
- Department of BiomaterialsOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
- Department of OrthodonticsOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
| | - Emilio Satoshi Hara
- Department of BiomaterialsOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
| | - Masahiro Okada
- Department of BiomaterialsOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
| | - Noriyuki Nagaoka
- Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial SciencesOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
| | - Takuo Kuboki
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative MedicineOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
| | - Takayoshi Nakano
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing ScienceGraduate School of Engineering, Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Hiroshi Kamioka
- Department of OrthodonticsOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
| | - Takuya Matsumoto
- Department of BiomaterialsOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
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33
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Liu C, Cabahug-Zuckerman P, Stubbs C, Pendola M, Cai C, Mann KA, Castillo AB. Mechanical Loading Promotes the Expansion of Primitive Osteoprogenitors and Organizes Matrix and Vascular Morphology in Long Bone Defects. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:896-910. [PMID: 30645780 PMCID: PMC8263903 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Elucidating the effects of mechanical stimulation on bone repair is crucial for optimization of the healing process. Specifically, the regulatory role that mechanical loading exerts on the osteogenic stem cell pool and vascular morphology during healing is incompletely understood. Because dynamic loading has been shown to enhance osteogenesis and repair, we hypothesized that loading induces the expansion of the osteoprogenitor cell population within a healing bone defect, leading to an increased presence of osteogenic cells. We further hypothesized that loading during the repair process regulates vascular and collagen matrix morphology and spatial interactions between vessels and osteogenic cells. To address these hypotheses, we used a mechanobiological bone repair model, which produces a consistent and reproducible intramembranous repair response confined in time and space. Bilateral tibial defects were created in adult C57BL/6 mice, which were subjected to axial compressive dynamic loading either during the early cellular invasion phase on postsurgical days (PSDs) 2 to 5 or during the matrix deposition phase on PSD 5 to 8. Confocal and two-photon microscopy was used to generate high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) renderings of longitudinal thick sections of the defect on PSD 10. Endomucin (EMCN)-positive vessels, Paired related homeobox 1 (Prrx1+) stem cell antigen-1 positive (Sca-1+) primitive osteoprogenitors (OPCs), and osterix positive (Osx+) preosteoblasts were visualized and quantified using deep tissue immunohistochemistry. New bone matrix was visualized with second harmonic generation autofluorescence of collagen fibers. We found that mechanical loading during the matrix deposition phase (PSD 5 to 8) increased vessel volume and number, and aligned vessels and collagen fibers to the load-bearing direction of bone. Furthermore, loading led to a significant increase in the proliferation and number of Prrx1+ Sca-1+ primitive OPCs, but not Osx+ preosteoblasts within the defect. Together, these data illustrate the adaptation of both collagen matrix and vascular morphology to better withstand mechanical load during bone repair, and that the mechanoresponsive cell population consists of the primitive osteogenic progenitors. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA.,Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pamela Cabahug-Zuckerman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher Stubbs
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martin Pendola
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cinyee Cai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth A Mann
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Upstate Medical University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alesha B Castillo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA.,Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY, USA
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35
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Abstract
During bone development, homeostasis and repair, a dense vascular system provides oxygen and nutrients to highly anabolic skeletal cells. Characteristic for the vascular system in bone is the serial organization of two capillary systems, each typified by specific morphological and physiological features. Especially the arterial capillaries mediate the growth of the bone vascular system, serve as a niche for skeletal and hematopoietic progenitors and couple angiogenesis to osteogenesis. Endothelial cells and osteoprogenitor cells interact not only physically, but also communicate to each other by secretion of growth factors. A vital angiogenic growth factor is vascular endothelial growth factor and its expression in skeletal cells is controlled by osteogenic transcription factors and hypoxia signaling, whereas the secretion of angiocrine factors by endothelial cells is regulated by Notch signaling, blood flow and possibly hypoxia. Bone loss and impaired fracture repair are often associated with reduced and disorganized blood vessel network and therapeutic targeting of the angiogenic response may contribute to enhanced bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Stegen
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Chen Y, George A. TRIP-1 Promotes the Assembly of an ECM That Contains Extracellular Vesicles and Factors That Modulate Angiogenesis. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1092. [PMID: 30158875 PMCID: PMC6104305 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta receptor II interacting protein-1 (TRIP-1) was recently localized in the mineralized matrices of bone and dentin. The function of TRIP-1 in the ECM is enigmatic, as it is known to function as an intracellular endoplasmic reticulum protein during protein synthesis. Based on its localization pattern in bones and teeth, we posited that TRIP-1 must function as a regulatory protein with multiple functions during mineralization. In this study, we determined the in vivo function of TRIP-1 by an implantation assay performed using recombinant TRIP-1 and TRIP-1 overexpressing and knocked down cells embedded in a 3D biomimetic scaffold. After 4 weeks, the subcutaneous tissues from TRIP-1 overexpressing cells and scaffolds containing recombinant TRIP-1 showed higher expression levels of several ECM proteins such as fibronectin and collagen I. Picrosirius red and polarized microscopy was used to identify the birefringence of the collagen fibrils in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Interestingly, knockdown of TRIP-1 resulted in lower fibronectin and downregulation of the activation of the ERK MAP kinase. We further demonstrate that TRIP-1 overexpression leads to higher expression of pro-angiogenic marker VEGF and downregulation of anti-angiogenic factors such as pigment epithelium-derived factor and thrombospondin. Field emission scanning electron microscope results demonstrated that TRIP-1 overexpressing cells released large amount of extracellular microvesicles which were localized on the fibrillar matrix in the ECM. Overall, this study demonstrates that TRIP-1 can promote secretion of extracellular vesicles, synthesis of key osteogenic ECM matrix proteins and promote angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Chen
- Brodie Tooth Development Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Oral Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Anne George
- Brodie Tooth Development Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Oral Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Ba Z, Chen Z, Huang Y, Feng D, Zhao Q, Zhu J, Wu D. Nanoporous diopside modulates biocompatibility, degradability and osteogenesis of bioactive scaffolds of gliadin-based composites for new bone formation. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:3883-3896. [PMID: 30013342 PMCID: PMC6038888 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s162262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is predicted that with increased life expectancy in the whole world, there will be a greater demand for synthetic biomedical materials to repair or regenerate lost, injured or diseased tissues. Natural polymers, as biomedical materials, have been widely applied in the field of regenerative medicine. MATERIALS AND METHODS By incorporation of nanoporous diopside bioglass (nDPB) into glia-din (GL) matrix, macro-nanoporous scaffolds of nDPB/GL composites (DGC) were fabricated by method of solution compressing and particles leaching. RESULTS The results revealed that the DGC scaffolds possessed well-interconnected macropores of 200-500 μm and nanopores of 4 nm, and the porosity and degradability of DGC scaffolds remarkably increased with the increase in nDPB content. In addition, in vitro cell experiments revealed that the adhesion and growth of MC3T3-E1 cells on DGC scaffolds were significantly promoted, which depended on nDPB content. Moreover, the results of histological evaluations confirmed that the osteogenic properties and degradability of DGC scaffolds in vivo significantly improved, which were nDPB content dependent. Furthermore, the results of immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that, with the increase in nDPB content, the type I collagen expression in DGC scaffolds in vivo obviously enhanced, indicating excellent osteogenesis. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that the DGC scaffolds containing 30 wt% nDPB (30nDGC) exhibited good biocompatibility and new bone formation ability, which might have a great potential for applications in bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyu Ba
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,
| | - Zhaoxiong Chen
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,
| | - Yufeng Huang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,
| | - Du Feng
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinghui Zhao
- Biobank, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianguang Zhu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,
| | - Desheng Wu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,
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Muñoz D, Castillo H, Henríquez JP, Marcellini S. Bone regeneration after traumatic skull injury in Xenopus tropicalis. Mech Dev 2018; 154:153-161. [PMID: 30420272 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The main purpose of regenerative biology is to improve human health by exploiting cellular and molecular mechanisms favoring tissue repair. In recent years, non-mammalian vertebrates have emerged as powerful model organisms to tackle the problem of tissue regeneration. Here, we analyze the process of bone repair in metamorphosing Xenopus tropicalis tadpoles subjected to traumatic skull injury. Five days after skull perforation, a dense and highly vascularized mesenchymal is apparent over the injury site. Using an in vivo bone staining procedure based on independent pulses of Alizarin red and Calcein green, we show that the deposition of new bone matrix completely closes the wound in 15 days. The absence of cartilage implies that bone repair follows an intramembranous ossification route. Collagen second harmonic imaging reveals that while a well-organized lamellar type of bone is deposited during development, a woven type of bone is produced during the early-phase of the regeneration process. Osteoblasts lying against the regenerating bone robustly express fibrillar collagen 1a1, SPARC and Dlx5. These analyses establish Xenopus tropicalis as a new model system to improve traumatic skull injury recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Muñoz
- Group for the Study of Developmental Processes (GDeP), Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Chile; Laboratory of Development and Evolution (LADE), University of Concepción, Chile
| | - Héctor Castillo
- Group for the Study of Developmental Processes (GDeP), Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Chile; Laboratory of Development and Evolution (LADE), University of Concepción, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Henríquez
- Group for the Study of Developmental Processes (GDeP), Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Chile; Center for Advanced Microscopy (CMA Bio-Bio), University of Concepción, Chile
| | - Sylvain Marcellini
- Group for the Study of Developmental Processes (GDeP), Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Chile; Laboratory of Development and Evolution (LADE), University of Concepción, Chile.
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Abstract
Blood vessels are essential for the distribution of oxygen, nutrients, and immune cells, as well as the removal of waste products. In addition to this conventional role as a versatile conduit system, the endothelial cells forming the innermost layer of the vessel wall also possess important signaling capabilities and can control growth, patterning, homeostasis, and regeneration of the surrounding organ. In the skeletal system, blood vessels regulate developmental and regenerative bone formation as well as hematopoiesis by providing vascular niches for hematopoietic stem cells. Here we provide an overview of blood vessel architecture, growth and properties in the healthy, aging, and diseased skeletal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Watson
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, and University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ralf H Adams
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, and University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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Bourckhardt GF, Cecchini MS, da Silveira Hahmeyer ML, Remor AP, Latini A, Ammar D, Müller YMR, Nazari EM. Impact of homocysteine on vasculogenic factors and bone formation in chicken embryos. Cell Biol Toxicol 2019; 35:49-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s10565-018-9436-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Wen L, Chen J, Duan L, Li S. Vitamin K‑dependent proteins involved in bone and cardiovascular health (Review). Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:3-15. [PMID: 29749440 PMCID: PMC6059683 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In postmenopausal women and elderly men, bone density decreases with age and vascular calcification is aggravated. This condition is closely associated with vitamin K2 deficiency. A total of 17 different vitamin K-dependent proteins have been identified to date. Vitamin K-dependent proteins are located within the bone, heart and blood vessels. For instance, carboxylated osteocalcin is beneficial for bone and aids the deposition of calcium into the bone matrix. Carboxylated matrix Gla protein effectively protects blood vessels and may prevent calcification within the vascular wall. Furthermore, carboxylated Gla-rich protein has been reported to act as an inhibitor in the calcification of the cardiovascular system, while growth arrest-specific protein-6 protects endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells, resists apoptosis and inhibits the calcification of blood vessels by inhibiting the apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells. In addition, periostin may promote the differentiation, aggregation, adhesion and proliferation of osteoblasts. Periostin also occurs in the heart and may be associated with the reconstruction of heart function. These vitamin K-dependent proteins may exert their functions following γ-carboxylation with vitamin K, and different vitamin K-dependent proteins may exhibit synergistic effects or antagonistic effects on each other. In the cardiovascular system with vitamin K antagonist supplement or vitamin K deficiency, calcification occurs in the endothelium of blood vessels and vascular smooth muscle cells are transformed into osteoblast-like cells, a phenomenon that resembles bone growth. Both the bone and cardiovascular system are closely associated during embryonic development. Thus, the present study hypothesized that embryonic developmental position and tissue calcification may have a certain association for the bone and the cardiovascular system. This review describes and briefly discusses several important vitamin K-dependent proteins that serve an important role in bone and the cardiovascular system. The results of the review suggest that the vascular calcification and osteogenic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells may be associated with the location of the bone and cardiovascular system during embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianpu Wen
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Jiepeng Chen
- Sungen Bioscience Co., Ltd., Shantou, Guangdong 515000, P.R. China
| | - Lili Duan
- Sungen Bioscience Co., Ltd., Shantou, Guangdong 515000, P.R. China
| | - Shuzhuang Li
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
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Cheng X, Li K, Xu S, Li P, Yan Y, Wang G, Berman Z, Guo R, Liang J, Traore S, Yang X. Applying chlorogenic acid in an alginate scaffold of chondrocytes can improve the repair of damaged articular cartilage. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195326. [PMID: 29621359 PMCID: PMC5886530 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Damaged cartilage has very low regenerative potential which has led to the search for novel tissue-engineering approaches to help treat cartilage defects. While various approaches have been reported, there is no perfect treatment currently. In this study we evaluated the effects of a plant extract, chlorogenic acid (CGA), as part of chondrocyte transplantation on a model of knee joint injury in chicks. First, primary cultured chondrocytes used to evaluate the effects of CGA on chondrogenesis. Then using an articular cartilage injury model of chick knee we assessed the functional recovery after transplantation of the complexes containing chondrocytes and CGA in an alginate scaffold. Histological analysis, PCR, and western blot were further used to understand the underlying mechanisms. We showed that 60 μM CGA in alginate exhibited notable effects on stimulating chondrogenesis in vitro. Secondly, it was shown that the application of these complexes accelerated the recovery of injury-induced dysfunction by gait analysis when followed for 21 days. Histochemical analysis demonstrated that there was less abnormal vasculature formation, more chondrocyte proliferation and cartilage matrix synthesis in the presence of the complexes containing CGA. We discovered CGA treated transplantation up-regulated the expressions of Sox9 and Col2a1 which were responsible for the stimulation of chondrogenesis. Furthermore, the application of these complexes could suppress the abnormal angiogenesis and fibrosis at the injury site. Lastly, the elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, p-p65, and MMPs expression were decreased in the presence of CGA. This may be caused through adjusting cellular redox homeostasis associated with Nrf2. This study suggests that combining chondrocytes and CGA on an alginate scaffold can improve the recovery of damaged articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cheng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shengsong Xu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peizhi Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zachary Berman
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianxin Liang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sira Traore
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail:
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Hu DP, Ferro F, Yang F, Taylor AJ, Chang W, Miclau T, Marcucio RS, Bahney CS. Cartilage to bone transformation during fracture healing is coordinated by the invading vasculature and induction of the core pluripotency genes. Development 2017; 144:221-234. [PMID: 28096214 DOI: 10.1242/dev.130807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fractures heal predominantly through the process of endochondral ossification. The classic model of endochondral ossification holds that chondrocytes mature to hypertrophy, undergo apoptosis and new bone forms by invading osteoprogenitors. However, recent data demonstrate that chondrocytes transdifferentiate to osteoblasts in the growth plate and during regeneration, yet the mechanism(s) regulating this process remain unknown. Here, we show a spatially-dependent phenotypic overlap between hypertrophic chondrocytes and osteoblasts at the chondro-osseous border in the fracture callus, in a region we define as the transition zone (TZ). Hypertrophic chondrocytes in the TZ activate expression of the pluripotency factors [Sox2, Oct4 (Pou5f1), Nanog], and conditional knock-out of Sox2 during fracture healing results in reduction of the fracture callus and a delay in conversion of cartilage to bone. The signal(s) triggering expression of the pluripotency genes are unknown, but we demonstrate that endothelial cell conditioned medium upregulates these genes in ex vivo fracture cultures, supporting histological evidence that transdifferentiation occurs adjacent to the vasculature. Elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying fracture repair is important for understanding why some fractures fail to heal and for developing novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane P Hu
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) & San Francisco General Hospital (SFGH), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, 2550 23rd Street, Building 9, 3rd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Federico Ferro
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) & San Francisco General Hospital (SFGH), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, 2550 23rd Street, Building 9, 3rd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Frank Yang
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) & San Francisco General Hospital (SFGH), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, 2550 23rd Street, Building 9, 3rd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Aaron J Taylor
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) & San Francisco General Hospital (SFGH), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, 2550 23rd Street, Building 9, 3rd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Wenhan Chang
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) & San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), Department of Medicine, 1700 Owens Street, 4th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Theodore Miclau
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) & San Francisco General Hospital (SFGH), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, 2550 23rd Street, Building 9, 3rd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Ralph S Marcucio
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) & San Francisco General Hospital (SFGH), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, 2550 23rd Street, Building 9, 3rd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Chelsea S Bahney
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) & San Francisco General Hospital (SFGH), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, 2550 23rd Street, Building 9, 3rd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
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Costa DG, Ferraz EP, Abuna RPF, de Oliveira PT, Morra M, Beloti MM, Rosa AL. The effect of collagen coating on titanium with nanotopography on in vitro
osteogenesis. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G. Costa
- Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - Emanuela P. Ferraz
- Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - Rodrigo P. F. Abuna
- Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - Paulo T. de Oliveira
- Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - Marco Morra
- Nobil Bio Ricerche srl; Portacomaro Asti Italy
| | - Marcio M. Beloti
- Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - Adalberto L. Rosa
- Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
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Filipowska J, Tomaszewski KA, Niedźwiedzki Ł, Walocha JA, Niedźwiedzki T. The role of vasculature in bone development, regeneration and proper systemic functioning. Angiogenesis 2017; 20:291-302. [PMID: 28194536 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-017-9541-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bone is a richly vascularized connective tissue. As the main source of oxygen, nutrients, hormones, neurotransmitters and growth factors delivered to the bone cells, vasculature is indispensable for appropriate bone development, regeneration and remodeling. Bone vasculature also orchestrates the process of hematopoiesis. Blood supply to the skeletal system is provided by the networks of arteries and arterioles, having distinct molecular characteristics and localizations within the bone structures. Blood vessels of the bone develop through the process of angiogenesis, taking place through different, bone-specific mechanisms. Impaired functioning of the bone blood vessels may be associated with the occurrence of some skeletal and systemic diseases, i.e., osteonecrosis, osteoporosis, atherosclerosis or diabetes mellitus. When a disease or trauma-related large bone defects appear, bone grafting or bone tissue engineering-based strategies are required. However, a successful bone regeneration in both approaches largely depends on a proper blood supply. In this paper, we review the most recent data on the functions, molecular characteristics and significance of the bone blood vessels, with a particular emphasis on the role of angiogenesis and blood vessel functioning in bone development and regeneration, as well as the consequences of its impairment in the course of different skeletal and systemic diseases.
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