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Kawa Y, Shindo M, Ohgane J, Inui M. Epigenome editing revealed the role of DNA methylation of T-DMR/CpG island shore on Runx2 transcription. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 38:101733. [PMID: 38799114 PMCID: PMC11127475 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
RUNX2 is a transcription factor crucial for bone formation. Mutant mice with varying levels of Runx2 expression display dosage-dependent skeletal abnormalities, underscoring the importance of Runx2 dosage control in skeletal formation. RUNX2 activity is regulated by several molecular mechanisms, including epigenetic modification such as DNA methylation. In this study, we investigated whether targeted repressive epigenome editing including hypermethylation to the Runx2-DMR/CpG island shore could influence Runx2 expression using Cas9-based epigenome-editing tools. Through the transient introduction of CRISPRoff-v2.1 and gRNAs targeting Runx2-DMR into MC3T3-E1 cells, we successfully induced hypermethylation of the region and concurrently reduced Runx2 expression during osteoblast differentiation. Although the epigenome editing of Runx2-DMR did not impact the expression of RUNX2 downstream target genes, these results indicate a causal relationship between the epigenetic status of the Runx2-DMR and Runx2 transcription. Additionally, we observed that hypermethylation of the Runx2-DMR persisted for at least 24 days under growth conditions but decreased during osteogenic differentiation, highlighting an endogenous DNA demethylation activity targeting the Runx2-DMR during the differentiation process. In summary, our study underscore the usefulness of the epigenome editing technology to evaluate the function of endogenous genetic elements and revealed that the Runx2-DMR methylation is actively regulated during osteoblast differentiation, subsequently could influence Runx2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Kawa
- Laboratory of Animal Regeneration Systemology, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Miyuki Shindo
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Jun Ohgane
- Laboratory of Genomic Function Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Masafumi Inui
- Laboratory of Animal Regeneration Systemology, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
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Hirose Y, Sato S, Hashiya K, Ooga M, Bando T, Sugiyama H. Chb-M', an Inhibitor of the RUNX Family Binding to DNA, Induces Apoptosis in p53-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Inhibits Tumor Growth and Repopulation In Vivo. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 38803164 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Runt-related transcription factor (RUNX) proteins are considered to play various roles in cancer. Here, we evaluated the anticancer activity of Chb-M', a compound that specifically and covalently binds to the consensus sequence for RUNX family proteins, in p53-mutated non-small cell lung cancer cells. Chb-M' killed the cancer cells by inducing apoptosis. The compound showed an anticancer effect comparable to that of the clinically used drugs alectinib and ceritinib in vivo. Notably, Chb-M' extended the cancer-free survival of mice after ending treatment more effectively than did the other two drugs. The results presented here suggest that Chb-M' is an attractive candidate as an anticancer drug applicable to the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer and various other types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Hirose
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Sato
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kaori Hashiya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Ooga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Bando
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Science (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Yano-Sakamoto K, Kitai Y, Toriu N, Yamamoto S, Mizuta K, Saitou M, Tsukiyama T, Taniuchi I, Osato M, Yanagita M. Expression pattern of Runt-related transcription factor (RUNX) family members and the role of RUNX1 during kidney development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 722:150155. [PMID: 38795454 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Runt-related transcription factor (RUNX) family members play critical roles in the development of multiple organs. Mammalian RUNX family members, consisting of RUNX1, RUNX2, and RUNX3, have distinct tissue-specific expression and function. In this study, we examined the spatiotemporal expression patterns of RUNX family members in developing kidneys and analyzed the role of RUNX1 during kidney development. In the developing mouse kidney, RUNX1 protein was strongly expressed in the ureteric bud (UB) tip and weakly expressed in the distal segment of the renal vesicle (RV), comma-shaped body (CSB), and S-shaped body (SSB). In contrast, RUNX2 protein was restricted to the stroma, and RUNX3 protein was only expressed in immune cells. We also analyzed the expression of RUNX family members in the cynomolgus monkey kidney. We found that expression patterns of RUNX2 and RUNX3 were conserved between rodents and primates, whereas RUNX1 was only expressed in the UB tip, not in the RV, CSB, or SSB of cynomolgus monkeys, suggesting a species differences. We further evaluated the roles of RUNX1 using two different conditional knockout mice: Runx1f/f:HoxB7-Cre and Runx1f/f:R26-CreERT2 and found no abnormalities in the kidney. Our findings showed that RUNX1, which is mainly expressed in the UB tip, is not essential for kidney development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Yano-Sakamoto
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Yuichiro Kitai
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Naoya Toriu
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan; Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Shinya Yamamoto
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Ken Mizuta
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Mitinori Saitou
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan; Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8397, Japan.
| | - Tomoyuki Tsukiyama
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan; Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Ichiro Taniuchi
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.
| | - Motomi Osato
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan.
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan; Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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Jiang Z, Jiang C, Teng X, Hou Y, Dai S, Liu C, Tuo Z, Bi L, Yang C, Wang J. Exploring the crosstalk of immune cells: The impact of dysregulated RUNX family genes in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29870. [PMID: 38707395 PMCID: PMC11066633 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Abnormally expressed Runt-associated transcription factor (RUNX) family has been reported in multiple tumors. Nevertheless, the immunological role of RUNX family in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) remains unknown. Methods We studied the RNA-seq data regarding tumor and healthy subjects from several public databases in detail for evaluating the prognostic and immunological functions owned by three RUNX genes in cancer patients. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining served for detecting their expressions in tumor and normal samples. Results We observed that KIRC patients presented high expressions of RUNX1, RUNX2, and RUNX3. The expressions of three genes were validated by qRT-PCR, which was same as bioinformatical results. Prognostic analysis indicated that the overexpression of RUNX1 and RUNX2 negatively affects the outcomes in patients with KIRC. Related functional predictions indicated that the RUNXs and co-expression genes were significantly related to the immune response pathway. Moreover, three RUNX members were associated with immune infiltration cells and their related gene markers. The expression of RUNX family in several immune cells is positively or negatively correlated, and its dysregulation is obviously associated with the differential distribution of immune cells. RUNX family genes were abnormally expressed in KIRC patients, and were closely related to the crosstalk of immune cells. Conclusions Our findings may help to understand the pathogenesis and immunologic roles of the RUNX family in KIRC patients from new perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Jiang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Xiangyu Teng
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yidong Hou
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Shuxin Dai
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Zhouting Tuo
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Liangkuan Bi
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Jinyou Wang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
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Gargalionis AN, Adamopoulos C, Vottis CT, Papavassiliou AG, Basdra EK. Runx2 and Polycystins in Bone Mechanotransduction: Challenges for Therapeutic Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5291. [PMID: 38791330 PMCID: PMC11121608 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone mechanotransduction is a critical process during skeletal development in embryogenesis and organogenesis. At the same time, the type and level of mechanical loading regulates bone remodeling throughout the adult life. The aberrant mechanosensing of bone cells has been implicated in the development and progression of bone loss disorders, but also in the bone-specific aspect of other clinical entities, such as the tumorigenesis of solid organs. Novel treatment options have come into sight that exploit the mechanosensitivity of osteoblasts, osteocytes, and chondrocytes to achieve efficient bone regeneration. In this regard, runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) has emerged as a chief skeletal-specific molecule of differentiation, which is prominent to induction by mechanical stimuli. Polycystins represent a family of mechanosensitive proteins that interact with Runx2 in mechano-induced signaling cascades and foster the regulation of alternative effectors of mechanotransuction. In the present narrative review, we employed a PubMed search to extract the literature concerning Runx2, polycystins, and their association from 2000 to March 2024. The keywords stated below were used for the article search. We discuss recent advances regarding the implication of Runx2 and polycystins in bone remodeling and regeneration and elaborate on the targeting strategies that may potentially be applied for the treatment of patients with bone loss diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios N. Gargalionis
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘Attikon’ University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece;
| | - Christos Adamopoulos
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (C.A.); (A.G.P.)
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Christos T. Vottis
- First Department of Orthopedics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘Attikon’ University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece;
| | - Athanasios G. Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (C.A.); (A.G.P.)
| | - Efthimia K. Basdra
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (C.A.); (A.G.P.)
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Toriseva M, Björkgren I, Junnila A, Mehmood A, Mattsson J, Raimoranta I, Kim B, Laiho A, Nees M, Elo L, Poutanen M, Breton S, Sipilä P. RUNX transcription factors are essential in maintaining epididymal epithelial differentiation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:183. [PMID: 38630262 PMCID: PMC11023966 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05211-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Apart from the androgen receptor, transcription factors (TFs) that are required for the development and formation of the different segments of the epididymis have remained unknown. We identified TF families expressed in the developing epididymides, of which many showed segment specificity. From these TFs, down-regulation of runt related transcription factors (RUNXs) 1 and 2 expression coincides with epithelial regression in Dicer1 cKO mice. Concomitant deletion of both Runx1 and Runx2 in a mouse epididymal epithelial cell line affected cell morphology, adhesion and mobility in vitro. Furthermore, lack of functional RUNXs severely disturbed the formation of 3D epididymal organoid-like structures. Transcriptomic analysis of the epididymal cell organoid-like structures indicated that RUNX1 and RUNX2 are involved in the regulation of MAPK signaling, NOTCH pathway activity, and EMT-related gene expression. This suggests that RUNXs are master regulators of several essential signaling pathways, and necessary for the maintenance of proper differentiation of the epididymal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervi Toriseva
- Institute of Biomedicine, Cancer Research Unit and FICAN West Cancer Centre Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Ida Björkgren
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Arttu Junnila
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Arfa Mehmood
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Jesse Mattsson
- Institute of Biomedicine, Cancer Research Unit and FICAN West Cancer Centre Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Inka Raimoranta
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Bongki Kim
- Program in Membrane Biology/Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Simches Research Center, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Kongju National University, Chungcheongnam-do, Yesan, 32439, Republic of Korea
| | - Asta Laiho
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Matthias Nees
- Institute of Biomedicine, Cancer Research Unit and FICAN West Cancer Centre Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura Elo
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Matti Poutanen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Sylvie Breton
- Program in Membrane Biology/Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Simches Research Center, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Research Center-CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Petra Sipilä
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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潘 子, 周 雪, 曹 志, 潘 剑. [Latest Findings on the Role of RUNX1 in Bone Development and Disorders]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2024; 55:256-262. [PMID: 38645858 PMCID: PMC11026898 DOI: 10.12182/20240360103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Runt-related transcription factor (RUNX1) is a transcription factor closely involved in hematopoiesis. RUNX1 gene mutation plays an essential pathogenic role in the initiation and development of hematological tumors, especially in acute myeloid leukemia. Recent studies have shown that RUNX1 is also involved in the regulation of bone development and the pathological progression of bone-related diseases. RUNX1 promotes the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into chondrocytes and osteoblasts and modulates the maturation and extracellular matrix formation of chondrocytes. The expression of RUNX1 in mesenchymal stem cells, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts is of great significance for maintaining normal bone development and the mass and quality of bones. RUNX1 also inhibits the differentiation and bone resorptive activities of osteoclasts, which may be influenced by sexual dimorphism. In addition, RUNX1 deficiency contributes to the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis, delayed fracture healing, and osteoporosis, which was revealed by the RUNX1 conditional knockout modeling in mice. However, the roles of RUNX1 in regulating the hypertrophic differentiation of chondrocytes, the sexual dimorphism of activities of osteoclasts, as well as bone loss in diabetes mellitus, senescence, infection, chronic inflammation, etc, are still not fully understood. This review provides a systematic summary of the research progress concerning RUNX1 in the field of bone biology, offering new ideas for using RUNX1 as a potential target for bone related diseases, especially osteoarthritis, delayed fracture healing, and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- 子建 潘
- 口腔疾病防治全国重点实验室 国家口腔医学中心 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 四川大学华西口腔医院 口腔颌面外科 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - 雪儿 周
- 口腔疾病防治全国重点实验室 国家口腔医学中心 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 四川大学华西口腔医院 口腔颌面外科 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - 志炜 曹
- 口腔疾病防治全国重点实验室 国家口腔医学中心 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 四川大学华西口腔医院 口腔颌面外科 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - 剑 潘
- 口腔疾病防治全国重点实验室 国家口腔医学中心 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 四川大学华西口腔医院 口腔颌面外科 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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López J, Hogan M, Sutton B, Church S, Angulo J, Nunes-Xavier C. Distinct spatial landscapes in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma as revealed by whole transcriptome analysis. IMMUNO-ONCOLOGY TECHNOLOGY 2024; 21:100690. [PMID: 38292905 PMCID: PMC10825646 DOI: 10.1016/j.iotech.2023.100690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Background Clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common and aggressive form of renal cancer and a paradigm of inter- and intratumor heterogeneity. We carried out an exploratory digital spatial profiling of the tumor interior and periphery of two ccRCC tumor specimens and mapped spatially the molecular and cellular composition of their tumor microenvironment and ecosystem. Materials and methods Digital spatial profiling of the whole transcriptome of 19 regions of interest (ROIs) was carried out from two selected highly immunogenic stage pT3a/grade 3 (G3) and stage pT3a/grade 4 (G4) ccRCC. A total of 9-10 ROIs were selected from distinct areas from each tumor, including tumor interior and tumor periphery, and differences in gene expression were analyzed by RNA sequencing, pathway enrichment analysis, and cell deconvolution. Results The distinct areas from the two locally advanced tumors displayed unique gene expression spatial patterns defining distinct biological pathways. Dimensional reduction analysis showed that the G3 ccRCC, compared to the G4 ccRCC, correlated with more variability between regions from the tumor interior and tumor periphery. Cell deconvolution analysis illustrated higher abundance of immune cells, including macrophages, myeloid dendritic cells, and CD4 T cells, and lower abundance of regulatory T cells in the tumor periphery compared to the tumor interior. Conclusions Transcriptome spatial profiling revealed high inter- and intratumor heterogeneity in the analyzed tumors and provided information with potential clinical utility. This included the finding of less intratumor heterogeneity and more tumor-infiltrated T cells in the ccRCC tumor specimen with a higher grade.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.I. López
- Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | | | - B. Sutton
- NanoString Technologies, Seattle, USA
| | | | - J.C. Angulo
- Service of Urology, University Hospital of Getafe, Getafe, Madrid
- Clinical Department, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - C.E. Nunes-Xavier
- Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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Shan L, Yang X, Liao X, Yang Z, Zhou J, Li X, Wang B. Histone demethylase KDM7A regulates bone homeostasis through balancing osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:136. [PMID: 38346941 PMCID: PMC10861515 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06521-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Histone methylation plays a crucial role in various cellular processes. We previously reported the in vitro function of histone lysine demethylase 7 A (KDM7A) in osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation. The current study was undertaken to investigate the physiological role of KDM7A in bone homeostasis and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. A conditional strategy was employed to delete the Kdm7a gene specifically in osterix-expressing osteoprogenitor cells in mice. The resulting mutant mice exhibited a significant increase in cancellous bone mass, accompanied by an increase in osteoblasts and bone formation, as well as a reduction in osteoclasts, marrow adipocytes and bone resorption. The bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and calvarial pre-osteoblastic cells derived from the mutant mice exhibited enhanced osteogenic differentiation and suppressed adipogenic differentiation. Additionally, osteoclastic precursor cells from the mutant mice exhibited impaired osteoclast differentiation. Co-culturing BMSCs from the mutant mice with wild-type osteoclast precursor cells resulted in the inhibition of osteoclast differentiation. Mechanistic investigation revealed that KDM7A was able to upregulate the expression of fibroblast activation protein α (FAP) and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) in BMSCs through removing repressive di-methylation marks of H3K9 and H3K27 from Fap and Rankl promoters. Moreover, recombinant FAP attenuated the dysregulation of osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation in BMSCs from Kdm7a deficient mice. Finally, Kdm7a deficiency prevented ovariectomy-induced bone loss in mice. This study establish the role of KDM7A in bone homeostasis through its epigenetic regulation of osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation. Consequently, inhibiting KDM7A may prove beneficial in ameliorating osteoporosis. KDM7A suppresses osteoblast differentiation and bone formation through. upregulating FAP expression and inactivating canonical Wnt signaling, and conversely promotes osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption through upregulating RANKL expression. These are based on its epigenetic removal of the repressive H3K9me2 and H3K27me2 marks from Fap and Rankl promoters. As a result, the expression of KDM7A in osteoprogenitor cells tends to negatively modulate bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Shan
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liao
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin, China
| | - Zheng Yang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Baoli Wang
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin, China.
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10
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Chen B, Zhao L, Yang R, Xu T. New insights about endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer: pathogenesis, risk factors, prediction and diagnosis and treatment. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1329133. [PMID: 38384812 PMCID: PMC10879431 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1329133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the risk of malignant transformation of endometriosis in premenopausal women is approximately 1%, significantly impacting the overall well-being and quality of life of affected women. Presently, the diagnostic gold standard for endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer (EAOC) continues to be invasive laparoscopy followed by histological examination. However, the application of this technique is limited due to its high cost, highlighting the importance of identifying a non-invasive diagnostic approach. Therefore, there is a critical need to explore non-invasive diagnostic methods to improve diagnostic precision and optimize clinical outcomes for patients. This review presents a comprehensive survey of the current progress in comprehending the pathogenesis of malignant transformation in endometriosis. Furthermore, it examines the most recent research discoveries concerning the diagnosis of EAOC and emphasizes potential targets for therapeutic intervention. The ultimate objective is to improve prevention, early detection, precise diagnosis, and treatment approaches, thereby optimizing the clinical outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tianmin Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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11
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Li J, Yin Y, Huang H, Li M, Li H, Zhang M, Jiang C, Yang R. RUNX1 methylation as a cancer biomarker in differentiating papillary thyroid cancer from benign thyroid nodules. Epigenomics 2023; 15:1257-1272. [PMID: 38126720 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2023-0338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: It remains a challenge to accurately identify malignancy of thyroid nodules when biopsy is indeterminate. The authors aimed to investigate the abnormal DNA methylation signatures in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) compared with benign thyroid nodules (BTNs). Methods: The authors performed genome profiling by 850K array and RNA sequencing in early-stage PTC and BTN tissue samples. The identified gene was validated in two independent case-control studies using mass spectrometry. Results: Hypomethylation of RUNX1 in PTC was identified and verified (all odds ratios: ≥1.50). RUNX1 methylation achieved good accuracy in differentiating early-stage PTC from BTNs, especially for younger women. Conclusion: The authors disclosed a significant association between RUNX1 hypomethylation and PTC, suggesting RUNX1 methylation as a potential biomarker for companion diagnosis of malignant thyroid nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Yifei Yin
- Department of Thyroid & Breast Surgery, Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University & Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, 223000, China
| | - Haixia Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Mengxia Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University & Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, 223000, China
| | - Minmin Zhang
- Department of Thyroid & Breast Surgery, Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University & Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, 223000, China
| | - Chenxia Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Rongxi Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
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12
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Rahmawati M, Stadler KM, Lopez-Biladeau B, Hoisington TM, Law NC. Core binding factor subunit β plays diverse and essential roles in the male germline. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1284184. [PMID: 38020932 PMCID: PMC10653448 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1284184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Much of the foundation for lifelong spermatogenesis is established prior to puberty, and disruptions during this developmental window negatively impact fertility long into adulthood. However, the factors that coordinate prepubertal germline development are incompletely understood. Here, we report that core-binding factor subunit-β (CBFβ) plays critical roles in prepubertal development and the onset of spermatogenesis. Using a mouse conditional knockout (cKO) approach, inactivation of Cbfb in the male germline resulted in rapid degeneration of the germline during the onset of spermatogenesis, impaired overall sperm production, and adult infertility. Utilizing a different Cre driver to generate another Cbfb cKO model, we determined that the function of CBFβ in the male germline is likely limited to undifferentiated spermatogonia despite expression in other germ cell types. Within undifferentiated spermatogonia, CBFβ regulates proliferation, survival, and overall maintenance of the undifferentiated spermatogonia population. Paradoxically, we discovered that CBFβ also distally regulates meiotic progression and spermatid formation but only with Cbfb cKO within undifferentiated spermatogonia. Spatial transcriptomics revealed that CBFβ modulates cell cycle checkpoint control genes associated with both proliferation and meiosis. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that core programs established within the prepubertal undifferentiated spermatogonia population are necessary for both germline maintenance and sperm production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustika Rahmawati
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resources Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Kassie M. Stadler
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resources Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Blanca Lopez-Biladeau
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resources Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Tia M. Hoisington
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resources Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Nathan C. Law
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resources Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
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13
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Ji W, Sun Z, Yang Y, Hu M, Zhang Q, Fu J, Chen J, Huang Y, Cheng Y. Downregulation of RUNX1-Activated Osteopontin Facilitates Burn Wound Healing by Activating the MAPK Pathways. J Burn Care Res 2023; 44:1371-1381. [PMID: 36913234 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irad036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Burn wounds require intervention to ensure timely progression to reduce morbidity and mortality. The migrative and proliferative capabilities of keratinocytes are impaired in wounds. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) can degrade the extracellular matrix (ECM), allowing epithelial cells to migrate. As reported, osteopontin can regulate cell migration, cell adhesion, and ECM invasion in endothelial and epithelial cells, and its expression is significantly increased in chronic wounds. Therefore, this study investigates the biological functions of osteopontin and its related mechanisms involved in burn wounds. We established cellular and animal models of burn injury. Levels of osteopontin, RUNX1, MMPs, collagen I, CK19, PCNA, and pathway-associated proteins were measured by RT-qPCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining. Cell viability and migration were examined by CCK-8 and wound scratch assays. Histological changes were analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson's trichrome staining. For in vitro analysis, osteopontin silencing facilitated the growth and migration of HaCaT cells and promoted ECM degradation in HaCaT cells. Mechanistically, RUNX1 bound to osteopontin promoter, and RUNX1 upregulation attenuated the promoting efficacy of osteopontin silencing on cell growth and migration and ECM degradation. Additionally, RUNX1-activated osteopontin inactivated the MAPK signaling pathway. For in vivo analysis, osteopontin depletion facilitated burn wound healing by promoting reepithelialization and ECM degradation. In conclusion, RUNX1 activates the osteopontin expression at the transcriptional level and osteopontin depletion facilitates the recovery of burn wounds by promoting the migration of keratinocytes and reepithelization and ECM degradation by activating the MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ji
- Department of Plastic surgery, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Third Hospital), Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Zhibo Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yanqing Yang
- Department of Plastic surgery, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Third Hospital), Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Meng Hu
- Department of Plastic surgery, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Third Hospital), Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Plastic surgery, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Third Hospital), Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Jie Fu
- Department of Plastic surgery, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Third Hospital), Wuhan 430060, China
| | - JunWei Chen
- Department of Plastic surgery, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Third Hospital), Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Plastic surgery, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Third Hospital), Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yanyang Cheng
- Department of Paediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
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14
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Hojo H, Ohba S. Runt-related Transcription Factors and Gene Regulatory Mechanisms in Skeletal Development and Diseases. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2023; 21:485-492. [PMID: 37436583 PMCID: PMC10543954 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00808-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Runt-related transcription factors (RUNX) play critical roles in skeletal development, metabolism, and diseases. In mammals, three RUNX members, namely RUNX1, RUNX2, and RUNX3, play distinct and redundant roles, although RUNX2 is a dominant factor in skeletal development and several skeletal diseases. This review is to provide an overview of the current understanding of RUNX-mediated transcriptional regulation in different skeletal cell types. RECENT FINDINGS Advances in chromatin immunoprecipitation and next-generation sequencing (ChIP-seq) have revealed genome-wide RUNX-mediated gene regulatory mechanisms, including their association with cis-regulatory elements and putative target genes. Further studies with genome-wide analysis and biochemical assays have shed light on RUNX-mediated pioneering action and involvements of RUNX2 in lipid-lipid phase separation. Emerging multi-layered mechanisms of RUNX-mediated gene regulations help us better understanding of skeletal development and diseases, which also provides clues to think how genome-wide studies can help develop therapeutic strategies for skeletal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Hojo
- Division of Clinical Biotechnology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ohba
- Department of Tissue and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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15
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Krajnović M, Kožik B, Božović A, Jovanović-Ćupić S. Multiple Roles of the RUNX Gene Family in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Their Potential Clinical Implications. Cells 2023; 12:2303. [PMID: 37759525 PMCID: PMC10527445 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent cancers in humans, characterised by a high resistance to conventional chemotherapy, late diagnosis, and a high mortality rate. It is necessary to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in hepatocarcinogenesis to improve diagnosis and treatment outcomes. The Runt-related (RUNX) family of transcription factors (RUNX1, RUNX2, and RUNX3) participates in cardinal biological processes and plays paramount roles in the pathogenesis of numerous human malignancies. Their role is often controversial as they can act as oncogenes or tumour suppressors and depends on cellular context. Evidence shows that deregulated RUNX genes may be involved in hepatocarcinogenesis from the earliest to the latest stages. In this review, we summarise the topical evidence on the roles of RUNX gene family members in HCC. We discuss their possible application as non-invasive molecular markers for early diagnosis, prognosis, and development of novel treatment strategies in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bojana Kožik
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, Vinča, 11351 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.K.); (A.B.); (S.J.-Ć.)
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16
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She C, Wu C, Guo W, Xie Y, Li S, Liu W, Xu C, Li H, Cao P, Yang Y, Wang X, Chang A, Feng Y, Hao J. Combination of RUNX1 inhibitor and gemcitabine mitigates chemo-resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by modulating BiP/PERK/eIF2α-axis-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:238. [PMID: 37697370 PMCID: PMC10494371 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02814-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gemcitabine (GEM)-based chemotherapy is the first-line option for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, the development of drug resistance limits its efficacy, and the specific mechanisms remain largely unknown. RUNX1, a key transcription factor in hematopoiesis, also involved in the malignant progression of PDAC, but was unclear in the chemoresistance of PDAC. METHODS Comparative analysis was performed to screen GEM-resistance related genes using our single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq) data and two public RNA-sequencing datasets (GSE223463, GSE183795) for PDAC. The expression of RUNX1 in PDAC tissues was detected by qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blot. The clinical significance of RUNX1 in PDAC was determined by single-or multivariate analysis and survival analysis. We constructed the stably expressing cell lines with shRUNX1 and RUNX1, and successfully established GEM-resistant cell line. The role of RUNX1 in GEM resistance was determined by CCK8 assay, plate colony formation assay and apoptosis analysis in vitro and in vivo. To explore the mechanism, we performed bioinformatic analysis using the scRNA-seq data to screen for the endoplasm reticulum (ER) stress signaling that was indispensable for RUNX1 in GEM resistance. We observed the cell morphology in ER stress by transmission electron microscopy and validated RUNX1 in gemcitabine resistance depended on the BiP/PERK/eIF2α pathway by in vitro and in vivo oncogenic experiments, using ER stress inhibitor(4-PBA) and PERK inhibitor (GSK2606414). The correlation between RUNX1 and BiP expression was assessed using the scRNA-seq data and TCGA dataset, and validated by RT-PCR, immunostaining and western blot. The mechanism of RUNX1 regulation of BiP was confirmed by ChIP-PCR and dual luciferase assay. Finally, the effect of RUNX1 inhibitor on PDAC was conducted in vivo mouse models, including subcutaneous xenograft and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models. RESULTS RUNX1 was aberrant high expressed in PDAC and closely associated with GEM resistance. Silencing of RUNX1 could attenuate resistance in GEM-resistant cell line, and its inhibitor Ro5-3335 displayed an enhanced effect in inhibiting tumor growth, combined with GEM treatment, in PDX mouse models and GEM-resistant xenografts. In detail, forced expression of RUNX1 in PDAC cells suppressed apoptosis induced by GEM exposure, which was reversed by the ER stress inhibitor 4-PBA and PERK phosphorylation inhibitor GSK2606414. RUNX1 modulation of ER stress signaling mediated GEM resistance was supported by the analysis of scRNA-seq data. Consistently, silencing of RUNX1 strongly inhibited the GEM-induced activation of BiP and PERK/eIF2α signaling, one of the major pathways involved in ER stress. It was identified that RUNX1 directly bound to the promoter region of BiP, a primary ER stress sensor, and stimulated BiP expression to enhance the reserve capacity for cell adaptation, which in turn facilitated GEM resistance in PDAC cells. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies RUNX1 as a predictive biomarker for response to GEM-based chemotherapy. RUNX1 inhibition may represent an effective strategy for overcoming GEM resistance in PDAC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua She
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Weihua Guo
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yongjie Xie
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Shouyi Li
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Weishuai Liu
- Department of Pain Management, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Pei Cao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yanfang Yang
- Second Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Xiuchao Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Antao Chang
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
| | - Yukuan Feng
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
- Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China.
| | - Jihui Hao
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
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17
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Rozen EJ, Ozeroff CD, Allen MA. RUN(X) out of blood: emerging RUNX1 functions beyond hematopoiesis and links to Down syndrome. Hum Genomics 2023; 17:83. [PMID: 37670378 PMCID: PMC10481493 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-023-00531-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RUNX1 is a transcription factor and a master regulator for the specification of the hematopoietic lineage during embryogenesis and postnatal megakaryopoiesis. Mutations and rearrangements on RUNX1 are key drivers of hematological malignancies. In humans, this gene is localized to the 'Down syndrome critical region' of chromosome 21, triplication of which is necessary and sufficient for most phenotypes that characterize Trisomy 21. MAIN BODY Individuals with Down syndrome show a higher predisposition to leukemias. Hence, RUNX1 overexpression was initially proposed as a critical player on Down syndrome-associated leukemogenesis. Less is known about the functions of RUNX1 in other tissues and organs, although growing reports show important implications in development or homeostasis of neural tissues, muscle, heart, bone, ovary, or the endothelium, among others. Even less is understood about the consequences on these tissues of RUNX1 gene dosage alterations in the context of Down syndrome. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on RUNX1 activities outside blood/leukemia, while suggesting for the first time their potential relation to specific Trisomy 21 co-occurring conditions. CONCLUSION Our concise review on the emerging RUNX1 roles in different tissues outside the hematopoietic context provides a number of well-funded hypotheses that will open new research avenues toward a better understanding of RUNX1-mediated transcription in health and disease, contributing to novel potential diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for Down syndrome-associated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban J Rozen
- Crnic Institute Boulder Branch, BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Ave., Boulder, CO, 80303, USA.
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Christopher D Ozeroff
- Crnic Institute Boulder Branch, BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Ave., Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, 1945 Colorado Ave., Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Mary Ann Allen
- Crnic Institute Boulder Branch, BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Ave., Boulder, CO, 80303, USA.
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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18
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Olson WJ, Derudder E. The miR-142 miRNAs: Shaping the naïve immune system. Immunol Lett 2023; 261:37-46. [PMID: 37459958 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Immunity in a naïve organism is tightly controlled. Adequate proportions of the many immune cell subsets must be produced to mount efficient responses to eventual challenges. In addition, a functioning immune system is highly dynamic at steady state. Mature immune cells must be positioned properly and/or circulate to facilitate the detection of dangers. They must also be poised to promptly react to unusual encounters, while ignoring innocuous germs and self. Numerous regulatory mechanisms act at the molecular level to generate such an exquisite structure, including miRNA-mediated repression of protein synthesis. Notably, the miRNAs from the miR-142 locus are preferentially expressed in hematopoietic cells. Their importance is underscored by the deeply disturbed immune system seen upon inactivation of the locus in mice. In this review, we explore reported roles for the miR-142 miRNAs in the shaping of immunity in vertebrates, discussing in particular their contributions to the generation, migration and survival of hematopoietic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Olson
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Emmanuel Derudder
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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19
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Koyama Y, Okazaki H, Shi Y, Mezawa Y, Wang Z, Sakimoto M, Ishizuka A, Ito Y, Koyama T, Daigo Y, Takano A, Miyagi Y, Yokose T, Yamashita T, Sugahara K, Hino O, Yang L, Maruyama R, Katakura A, Yasukawa T, Orimo A. Increased RUNX3 expression mediates tumor-promoting ability of human breast cancer-associated fibroblasts. Cancer Med 2023; 12:18062-18077. [PMID: 37641472 PMCID: PMC10523979 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a major stromal component of human breast cancers and often promote tumor proliferation, progression and malignancy. We previously established an experimental CAF (exp-CAF) cell line equipped with a potent tumor-promoting ability. It was generated through prolonged incubation of immortalized human mammary fibroblasts with human breast cancer cells in a tumor xenograft mouse model. RESULTS Herein, we found that the exp-CAFs highly express Runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3), while counterpart fibroblasts do not. In breast cancer patients, the proportion of RUNX3-positive stromal fibroblast-like cells tends to be higher in cancerous regions than in non-cancerous regions. These findings suggest an association of RUNX3 with CAF characteristics in human breast cancers. To investigate the functional role of RUNX3 in CAFs, the exp-CAFs with or without shRNA-directed knockdown of RUNX3 were implanted with breast cancer cells subcutaneously in immunodeficient mice. Comparison of the resulting xenograft tumors revealed that tumor growth was significantly attenuated when RUNX3 expression was suppressed in the fibroblasts. Consistently, Ki-67 and CD31 immunohistochemical staining of the tumor sections indicated reduction of cancer cell proliferation and microvessel formation in the tumors formed with the RUNX3-suppressed exp-CAFs. CONCLUSION These results suggest that increased RUNX3 expression could contribute to the tumor-promoting ability of CAFs through mediating cancer cell growth and neoangiogenesis in human breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Koyama
- Department of Oral Pathobiological Science and SurgeryTokyo Dental CollegeTokyoJapan
- Department of Pathology and OncologyJuntendo University Faculty of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroya Okazaki
- Department of Oral Pathobiological Science and SurgeryTokyo Dental CollegeTokyoJapan
- Department of Pathology and OncologyJuntendo University Faculty of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Yang Shi
- Department of Pathology and OncologyJuntendo University Faculty of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Department of Molecular PathogenesisJuntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Yoshihiro Mezawa
- Department of Pathology and OncologyJuntendo University Faculty of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Department of Molecular PathogenesisJuntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Zixu Wang
- Department of Pathology and OncologyJuntendo University Faculty of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Department of Molecular PathogenesisJuntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Mizuki Sakimoto
- Department of Pathology and OncologyJuntendo University Faculty of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Akane Ishizuka
- Department of Pathology and OncologyJuntendo University Faculty of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Department of Molecular PathogenesisJuntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Yasuhiko Ito
- Department of Pathology and OncologyJuntendo University Faculty of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Present address:
Department of Immunological DiagnosisJuntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Takumi Koyama
- Department of Oral Pathobiological Science and SurgeryTokyo Dental CollegeTokyoJapan
- Department of Pathology and OncologyJuntendo University Faculty of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Yataro Daigo
- Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, Research HospitalThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Center, and Center for Advanced Medicine against CancerShiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuJapan
| | - Atsushi Takano
- Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, Research HospitalThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Center, and Center for Advanced Medicine against CancerShiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuJapan
| | - Yohei Miyagi
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics DivisionKanagawa Cancer Center Research InstituteYokohamaJapan
| | | | - Toshinari Yamashita
- Department of Breast Surgery and OncologyKanagawa Cancer CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Keisuke Sugahara
- Department of Oral Pathobiological Science and SurgeryTokyo Dental CollegeTokyoJapan
| | - Okio Hino
- Department of Pathology and OncologyJuntendo University Faculty of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Liying Yang
- Project for Cancer Epigenomics, Cancer InstituteJapanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchTokyoJapan
| | - Reo Maruyama
- Project for Cancer Epigenomics, Cancer InstituteJapanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchTokyoJapan
| | - Akira Katakura
- Department of Oral Pathobiological Science and SurgeryTokyo Dental CollegeTokyoJapan
| | - Takehiro Yasukawa
- Department of Pathology and OncologyJuntendo University Faculty of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Department of Molecular PathogenesisJuntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Akira Orimo
- Department of Pathology and OncologyJuntendo University Faculty of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Department of Molecular PathogenesisJuntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
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20
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Block TJ, Shore‐Lorenti C, Zebaze R, Kerr PG, Kalff A, Perkins AC, Ebeling PR, Milat F. A Novel RUNX1 Genetic Variant Identified in a Young Male with Severe Osteoporosis. JBMR Plus 2023; 7:e10791. [PMID: 37701147 PMCID: PMC10494497 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This case describes a young man with an unusual cause of severe osteoporosis and markedly deranged bone microarchitecture resulting in multiple fractures. A potentially pathogenic germline variant in the runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) gene was discovered by a focused 51-gene myeloid malignancy panel during investigation for his unexplained normochromic normocytic anemia. Further bone-specific genetic testing and a pedigree analysis were declined by the patient. Recent experimental evidence demonstrates that RUNX1 plays a key role in the regulation of osteogenesis and bone homeostasis during skeletal development, mediated by the bone morphogenic protein and Wnt signaling pathways. Therefore, rarer causes of osteoporosis, including those affecting bone formation, should be considered in young patients with multiple unexpected minimal trauma fractures. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz J. Block
- Department of EndocrinologyMonash HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Cat Shore‐Lorenti
- Centre for Endocrinology and MetabolismHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Roger Zebaze
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Peter G. Kerr
- Department of NephrologyMonash HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Anna Kalff
- Department of HaematologyAlfred HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | | | - Peter R. Ebeling
- Department of EndocrinologyMonash HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Frances Milat
- Department of EndocrinologyMonash HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Centre for Endocrinology and MetabolismHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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21
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Chen Y, He Y, Liu S. RUNX1-Regulated Signaling Pathways in Ovarian Cancer. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2357. [PMID: 37760803 PMCID: PMC10525517 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of gynecological death worldwide, and its poor prognosis and high mortality seriously affect the life of ovarian cancer patients. Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) has been widely studied in hematological diseases and plays an important role in the occurrence and development of hematological diseases. In recent years, studies have reported the roles of RUNX1 in solid tumors, including the significantly increased expression of RUNX1 in ovarian cancer. In ovarian cancer, the dysregulation of the RUNX1 signaling pathway has been implicated in tumor progression, metastasis, and response to therapy. At the same time, the decreased expression of RUNX1 in ovarian cancer can significantly improve the sensitivity of clinical chemotherapy and provide theoretical support for the subsequent diagnosis and treatment target of ovarian cancer, providing prognosis and treatment options to patients with ovarian cancer. However, the role of RUNX1 in ovarian cancer remains unclear. Therefore, this article reviews the relationship between RUNX1 and the occurrence and development of ovarian cancer, as well as the closely regulated signaling pathways, to provide some inspiration and theoretical support for future research on RUNX1 in ovarian cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yingying He
- School of Chemical Science & Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Shubai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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22
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Wang Y, Dai L, Huang R, Li W, Wu W. Prognosis signature for predicting the survival and immunotherapy response in esophageal carcinoma based on cellular senescence-related genes. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1203351. [PMID: 37664030 PMCID: PMC10470646 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1203351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cellular senescence occurs throughout life and can play beneficial roles in a variety of physiological processes, including embryonic development, tissue repair, and tumor suppression. However, the relationship between cellular senescence-related genes (CSRGs) and immunotherapy in esophageal carcinoma (ECa) remains poorly defined. Methods The data set used in the analysis was retrieved from TCGA (Research Resource Identifier (RRID): SCR_003193), GEO (RRID: SCR_005012), and CellAge databases. Data processing, statistical analysis, and diagram formation were conducted in R software (RRID: SCR_001905) and GraphPad Prism (RRID: SCR_002798). Based on CSRGs, we used the TCGA database to construct a prognostic signature for ECa and then validated it in the GEO database. The predictive efficiency of the signature was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, Cox regression analysis, nomogram, and calibration curves. According to the median risk score derived from CSRGs, patients with ECa were divided into high- and low-risk groups. Immune infiltration and immunotherapy were also analyzed between the two risk groups. Finally, the hub genes of the differences between the two risk groups were identified by the STRING (RRID: SCR_005223) database and Cytoscape (RRID: SCR_003032) software. Results A six-gene risk signature (DEK, RUNX1, SMARCA4, SREBF1, TERT, and TOP1) was constructed in the TCGA database. Patients in the high-risk group had a worse overall survival (OS) was disclosed by survival analysis. As expected, the signature presented equally prognostic significance in the GSE53624 cohort. Next, the Area Under ROC Curve (AUC=0.854) and multivariate Cox regression analysis (HR=3.381, 2.073-5.514, P<0.001) also proved that the risk signature has a high predictive ability. Furthermore, we can more accurately predict the prognosis of patients with ECa by nomogram constructed by risk score. The result of the TIDE algorithm showed that ECa patients in the high-risk group had a greater possibility of immune escape. At last, a total of ten hub genes (APOA1, MUC5AC, GC, APOA4, AMBP, FABP1, APOA2, SOX2, MUC8, MUC17) between two risk groups with the highest interaction degrees were identified. By further analysis, four hub genes (APOA4, AMBP, FABP1, and APOA2) were related to the survival differences of ECa. Conclusions Our study reveals comprehensive clues that a novel signature based on CSRGs may provide reliable prognosis prediction and insight into new therapy for patients with ECa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Anhui No.2 Provinicial People's Hospital Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of General Surgery, Anhui No.2 Provinicial People's Hospital, Hefei, China
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Longfei Dai
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ran Huang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Weisong Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenyong Wu
- Anhui No.2 Provinicial People's Hospital Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of General Surgery, Anhui No.2 Provinicial People's Hospital, Hefei, China
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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23
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An F, Wang X, Wang C, Liu Y, Sun B, Zhang J, Gao P, Yan C. Research progress on the role of lncRNA-miRNA networks in regulating adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in osteoporosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1210627. [PMID: 37645421 PMCID: PMC10461560 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1210627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is characterized by a decrease in osteoblasts and an increase in adipocytes in the bone marrow compartment, alongside abnormal bone/fat differentiation, which ultimately results in imbalanced bone homeostasis. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) can differentiate into osteoblasts and adipocytes to maintain bone homeostasis. Several studies have shown that lncRNAs are competitive endogenous RNAs that form a lncRNA-miRNA network by targeting miRNA for the regulation of bone/fat differentiation in BMSCs; this mechanism is closely related to the corresponding treatment of OP and is important in the development of novel OP-targeted therapies. However, by reviewing the current literature, it became clear that there are limited summaries discussing the effects of the lncRNA-miRNA network on osteogenic/adipogenic differentiation in BMSCs. Therefore, this article provides a review of the current literature to explore the impact of the lncRNA-miRNA network on the osteogenic/adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs, with the aim of providing a new theoretical basis for the treatment of OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyu An
- Teaching Experiment Training Center, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaxia Wang
- School of Tradional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Bai Sun
- School of Tradional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Peng Gao
- School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Chunlu Yan
- School of Tradional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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24
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Lee EC, Kim K, Jung WJ, Kim HP. Vorinostat-induced acetylation of RUNX3 reshapes transcriptional profile through long-range enhancer-promoter interactions in natural killer cells. BMB Rep 2023; 56:398-403. [PMID: 37220907 PMCID: PMC10390292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are an essential part of the innate immune system that helps control infections and tumors. Recent studies have shown that Vorinostat, a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, can cause significant changes in gene expression and signaling pathways in NK cells. Since gene expression in eukaryotic cells is closely linked to the complex three-dimensional (3D) chromatin architecture, an integrative analysis of the transcriptome, histone profiling, chromatin accessibility, and 3D genome organization is needed to gain a more comprehensive understanding of how Vorinostat impacts transcription regulation of NK cells from a chromatin-based perspective. The results demonstrate that Vorinostat treatment reprograms the enhancer landscapes of the human NK-92 NK cell line while overall 3D genome organization remains largely stable. Moreover, we identified that the Vorinostat-induced RUNX3 acetylation is linked to the increased enhancer activity, leading to elevated expression of immune response-related genes via long-range enhancerpromoter chromatin interactions. In summary, these findings have important implications in the development of new therapies for cancer and immune-related diseases by shedding light on the mechanisms underlying Vorinostat's impact on transcriptional regulation in NK cells within the context of 3D enhancer network. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(7): 398-403].
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Chong Lee
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Kyungwoo Kim
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Woong-Jae Jung
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hyoung-Pyo Kim
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Yonsei Genome Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Division of Biology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
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25
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Vimalraj S, Sekaran S. RUNX Family as a Promising Biomarker and a Therapeutic Target in Bone Cancers: A Review on Its Molecular Mechanism(s) behind Tumorigenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3247. [PMID: 37370857 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor runt-related protein (RUNX) family is the major transcription factor responsible for the formation of osteoblasts from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, which are involved in bone formation. Accumulating evidence implicates the RUNX family for its role in tumor biology and cancer progression. The RUNX family has been linked to osteosarcoma via its regulation of many tumorigenicity-related factors. In the regulatory network of cancers, with numerous upstream signaling pathways and its potential target molecules downstream, RUNX is a vital molecule. Hence, a pressing need exists to understand the precise process underpinning the occurrence and prognosis of several malignant tumors. Until recently, RUNX has been regarded as one of the therapeutic targets for bone cancer. Therefore, in this review, we have provided insights into various molecular mechanisms behind the tumorigenic role of RUNX in various important cancers. RUNX is anticipated to grow into a novel therapeutic target with the in-depth study of RUNX family-related regulatory processes, aid in the creation of new medications, and enhance clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Vimalraj
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saravanan Sekaran
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
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26
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Zerella JR, Homan CC, Arts P, Brown AL, Scott HS, Hahn CN. Transcription factor genetics and biology in predisposition to bone marrow failure and hematological malignancy. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1183318. [PMID: 37377909 PMCID: PMC10291195 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1183318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) play a critical role as key mediators of a multitude of developmental pathways, with highly regulated and tightly organized networks crucial for determining both the timing and pattern of tissue development. TFs can act as master regulators of both primitive and definitive hematopoiesis, tightly controlling the behavior of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). These networks control the functional regulation of HSPCs including self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation dynamics, which are essential to normal hematopoiesis. Defining the key players and dynamics of these hematopoietic transcriptional networks is essential to understanding both normal hematopoiesis and how genetic aberrations in TFs and their networks can predispose to hematopoietic disease including bone marrow failure (BMF) and hematological malignancy (HM). Despite their multifaceted and complex involvement in hematological development, advances in genetic screening along with elegant multi-omics and model system studies are shedding light on how hematopoietic TFs interact and network to achieve normal cell fates and their role in disease etiology. This review focuses on TFs which predispose to BMF and HM, identifies potential novel candidate predisposing TF genes, and examines putative biological mechanisms leading to these phenotypes. A better understanding of the genetics and molecular biology of hematopoietic TFs, as well as identifying novel genes and genetic variants predisposing to BMF and HM, will accelerate the development of preventative strategies, improve clinical management and counseling, and help define targeted treatments for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarna R. Zerella
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Claire C. Homan
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Peer Arts
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Anna L. Brown
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Hamish S. Scott
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Christopher N. Hahn
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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27
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Qin G, Zhao Y, Gan Y, Yu X, Zhao Y, Peng H, Fang S. Alterations in gene expressions of Caco-2 cell responses to LPS and ploy(I:C) stimulation. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15459. [PMID: 37304876 PMCID: PMC10257391 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium barrier serves as a highly dynamic immunologic frontier in the defense against invading pathogenic bacteria and viruses. Hence, understanding of the complicated underlying relationship between enteric pathogens and the intestinal epithelium barrier is vital for developing strategies to improve the intestinal health of farm animals. To this end, Caco-2 cells were stimulated by 1 µg/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 h and 5 µg/ml polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (ploy(I:C)) for 4 h to imitate bacterial and viral infection processes, respectively. The specific alterations in gene expression of Caco-2 cells after stimulation were characterized by transcriptome sequencing. Seventy differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified under LPS exposure, and 17 DEGs were observed under ploy(I:C) exposure. We found that most DEGs were specific, and only one common DEG SPAG7 was observed. Gene Ontology (GO) annotation analysis indicated that all DEGs identified in the different treatments were mainly derived from GO terms related to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Moreover, specific DEGs such as SLC39A10, MT2A, and MT1E regulated by LPS treatment, while IFIT2 and RUNX2 mediated by ploy(I:C) treatment, which are derived from immune function modulation related GO terms, were confirmed by both transcriptome sequencing and qRT-PCR. In addition, both transcriptome sequencing and qRT-PCR results verified that LPS specifically down-regulated the DEGs INHBE and ARF6, which are involved in inflammation responses related to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway including the TGF-beta signaling pathways and the Ras signaling pathway. Ploy(I:C) uniquely suppressed the DEGs GABARAP and LAMTOR3, which participated in viral replication-associated pathways including autophagy and mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Qin
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuanjie Zhao
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yating Gan
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Yu
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yifan Zhao
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Shaoming Fang
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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28
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Zhang J, Yang Y, Wei Y, Li L, Wang X, Ye Z. Hsa-miR-301a-3p inhibited the killing effect of natural killer cells on non-small cell lung cancer cells by regulating RUNX3. Cancer Biomark 2023:CBM220469. [PMID: 37302028 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-220469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most commonly diagnosed solid tumor. Natural killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapy is a promising anti-tumor strategy in various cancers including NSCLC. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the specific mechanisms that regulate the killing effect of NK cells to NSCLC cells. METHODS Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assay was applied to measure the levels of hsa-microRNA (miR)-301a-3p and Runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α. Lactate dehydrogenase assay was applied to detect the killing effect of NK cells. Dualluciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay were carried out to confirm the regulatory relationship between hsa-miR-301a-3p and RUNX3. RESULTS A low expression of hsa-miR-301a-3p was observed in NK cells stimulated by IL-2. The levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α were increased in NK cells of the IL-2 group. Overexpression of hsa-miR-301a-3p reduced the levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α as well as the killing effect of NK cells. Furthermore, RUNX3 was identified to be a target of hsamiR-301a-3p. hsa-miR-301a-3p suppressed the cytotoxicity of NK cells to NSCLC cells by inhibiting the expression of RUNX3. We found hsa-miR-301a-3p promoted tumor growth by suppressing the killing effect of NK cells against NSCLC cells in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Hsa-miR-301a-3p suppressed the killing effect of NK cells on NSCLC cells by targeting RUNX3, which may provide promising strategies for NK cell-based antitumor therapies.
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29
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LaSalle JM. Epigenomic signatures reveal mechanistic clues and predictive markers for autism spectrum disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:1890-1901. [PMID: 36650278 PMCID: PMC10560404 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01917-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) comprises a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental outcomes in children with a commonality in deficits in social communication and language combined with repetitive behaviors and interests. The etiology of ASD is heterogeneous, as several hundred genes have been implicated as well as multiple in utero environmental exposures. Over the past two decades, epigenetic investigations, including DNA methylation, have emerged as a novel way to capture the complex interface of multivariate ASD etiologies. More recently, epigenome-wide association studies using human brain and surrogate accessible tissues have revealed some convergent genes that are epigenetically altered in ASD, many of which overlap with known genetic risk factors. Unlike transcriptomes, epigenomic signatures defined by DNA methylation from surrogate tissues such as placenta and cord blood can reflect past differences in fetal brain gene transcription, transcription factor binding, and chromatin. For example, the discovery of NHIP (neuronal hypoxia inducible, placenta associated) through an epigenome-wide association in placenta, identified a common genetic risk for ASD that was modified by prenatal vitamin use. While epigenomic signatures are distinct between different genetic syndromic causes of ASD, bivalent chromatin and some convergent gene pathways are consistently epigenetically altered in both syndromic and idiopathic ASD, as well as some environmental exposures. Together, these epigenomic signatures hold promising clues towards improved early prediction and prevention of ASD as well genes and gene pathways to target for pharmacological interventions. Future advancements in single cell and multi-omic technologies, machine learning, as well as non-invasive screening of epigenomic signatures during pregnancy or newborn periods are expected to continue to impact the translatability of the recent discoveries in epigenomics to precision public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine M LaSalle
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Perinatal Origins of Disparities Center, MIND Institute, Genome Center, Environmental Health Sciences Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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30
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Zhou J, Toh SHM, Tan TK, Balan K, Lim JQ, Tan TZ, Xiong S, Jia Y, Ng SB, Peng Y, Jeyasekharan AD, Fan S, Lim ST, Ong CAJ, Ong CK, Sanda T, Chng WJ. Super-enhancer-driven TOX2 mediates oncogenesis in Natural Killer/T Cell Lymphoma. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:69. [PMID: 37032358 PMCID: PMC10084643 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01767-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTL) is an aggressive type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma with dismal outcome. A better understanding of disease biology and key oncogenic process is necessary for the development of targeted therapy. Super-enhancers (SEs) have been shown to drive pivotal oncogenes in various malignancies. However, the landscape of SEs and SE-associated oncogenes remain elusive in NKTL. METHODS We used Nano-ChIP-seq of the active enhancer marker histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac) to profile unique SEs NKTL primary tumor samples. Integrative analysis of RNA-seq and survival data further pinned down high value, novel SE oncogenes. We utilized shRNA knockdown, CRISPR-dCas9, luciferase reporter assay, ChIP-PCR to investigate the regulation of transcription factor (TF) on SE oncogenes. Multi-color immunofluorescence (mIF) staining was performed on an independent cohort of clinical samples. Various function experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of TOX2 on the malignancy of NKTL in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS SE landscape was substantially different in NKTL samples in comparison with normal tonsils. Several SEs at key transcriptional factor (TF) genes, including TOX2, TBX21(T-bet), EOMES, RUNX2, and ID2, were identified. We confirmed that TOX2 was aberrantly overexpressed in NKTL relative to normal NK cells and high expression of TOX2 was associated with worse survival. Modulation of TOX2 expression by shRNA, CRISPR-dCas9 interference of SE function impacted on cell proliferation, survival and colony formation ability of NKTL cells. Mechanistically, we found that RUNX3 regulates TOX2 transcription by binding to the active elements of its SE. Silencing TOX2 also impaired tumor formation of NKTL cells in vivo. Metastasis-associated phosphatase PRL-3 has been identified and validated as a key downstream effector of TOX2-mediated oncogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Our integrative SE profiling strategy revealed the landscape of SEs, novel targets and insights into molecular pathogenesis of NKTL. The RUNX3-TOX2-SE-TOX2-PRL-3 regulatory pathway may represent a hallmark of NKTL biology. Targeting TOX2 could be a valuable therapeutic intervene for NKTL patients and warrants further study in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbiao Zhou
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), 14 Medical Drive, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Sabrina Hui-Min Toh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Tze King Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Kalpnaa Balan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Jing Quan Lim
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Lymphoma Genomic Translational Research Laboratory, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Tuan Zea Tan
- Genomics and Data Analytics Core (GeDaC), Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Sinan Xiong
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Yunlu Jia
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Siok-Bian Ng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Yanfen Peng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Anand D Jeyasekharan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), 14 Medical Drive, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Shuangyi Fan
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Soon Thye Lim
- Director's office, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Office of Education, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Chin-Ann Johnny Ong
- Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- Laboratory of Applied Human Genetics, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, 168583, Singapore
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Oncology Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Surgery Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Choon Kiat Ong
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Lymphoma Genomic Translational Research Laboratory, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore.
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
| | - Takaomi Sanda
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
| | - Wee-Joo Chng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), 14 Medical Drive, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore (NCIS), National University Health System (NUHS), 1E, Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
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Krishnan V. The RUNX Family of Proteins, DNA Repair, and Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:cells12081106. [PMID: 37190015 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The RUNX family of transcription factors, including RUNX1, RUNX2, and RUNX3, are key regulators of development and can function as either tumor suppressors or oncogenes in cancer. Emerging evidence suggests that the dysregulation of RUNX genes can promote genomic instability in both leukemia and solid cancers by impairing DNA repair mechanisms. RUNX proteins control the cellular response to DNA damage by regulating the p53, Fanconi anemia, and oxidative stress repair pathways through transcriptional or non-transcriptional mechanisms. This review highlights the importance of RUNX-dependent DNA repair regulation in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaidehi Krishnan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
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32
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Shrestha BR, Wu L, Goodrich LV. Runx1 controls auditory sensory neuron diversity in mice. Dev Cell 2023; 58:306-319.e5. [PMID: 36800995 PMCID: PMC10202259 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Sound stimulus is encoded in mice by three molecularly and physiologically diverse subtypes of sensory neurons, called Ia, Ib, and Ic spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). Here, we show that the transcription factor Runx1 controls SGN subtype composition in the murine cochlea. Runx1 is enriched in Ib/Ic precursors by late embryogenesis. Upon the loss of Runx1 from embryonic SGNs, more SGNs take on Ia rather than Ib or Ic identities. This conversion was more complete for genes linked to neuronal function than to connectivity. Accordingly, synapses in the Ib/Ic location acquired Ia properties. Suprathreshold SGN responses to sound were enhanced in Runx1CKO mice, confirming the expansion of neurons with Ia-like functional properties. Runx1 deletion after birth also redirected Ib/Ic SGNs toward Ia identity, indicating that SGN identities are plastic postnatally. Altogether, these findings show that diverse neuronal identities essential for normal auditory stimulus coding arise hierarchically and remain malleable during postnatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brikha R Shrestha
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Lorna Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lisa V Goodrich
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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33
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Khan AS, Campbell KJ, Cameron ER, Blyth K. The RUNX/CBFβ Complex in Breast Cancer: A Conundrum of Context. Cells 2023; 12:641. [PMID: 36831308 PMCID: PMC9953914 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dissecting and identifying the major actors and pathways in the genesis, progression and aggressive advancement of breast cancer is challenging, in part because neoplasms arising in this tissue represent distinct diseases and in part because the tumors themselves evolve. This review attempts to illustrate the complexity of this mutational landscape as it pertains to the RUNX genes and their transcription co-factor CBFβ. Large-scale genomic studies that characterize genetic alterations across a disease subtype are a useful starting point and as such have identified recurring alterations in CBFB and in the RUNX genes (particularly RUNX1). Intriguingly, the functional output of these mutations is often context dependent with regards to the estrogen receptor (ER) status of the breast cancer. Therefore, such studies need to be integrated with an in-depth understanding of both the normal and corrupted function in mammary cells to begin to tease out how loss or gain of function can alter the cell phenotype and contribute to disease progression. We review how alterations to RUNX/CBFβ function contextually ascribe to breast cancer subtypes and discuss how the in vitro analyses and mouse model systems have contributed to our current understanding of these proteins in the pathogenesis of this complex set of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adiba S. Khan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Rd, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; (A.S.K.); (K.J.C.)
- School of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Kirsteen J. Campbell
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Rd, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; (A.S.K.); (K.J.C.)
| | - Ewan R. Cameron
- School of Biodiversity One Health & Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK;
| | - Karen Blyth
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Rd, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; (A.S.K.); (K.J.C.)
- School of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
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Chen Y, Zhang C. Role of noncoding RNAs in orthodontic tooth movement: new insights into periodontium remodeling. J Transl Med 2023; 21:101. [PMID: 36759852 PMCID: PMC9912641 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03951-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is biologically based on the spatiotemporal remodeling process in periodontium, the mechanisms of which remain obscure. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), especially microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs, play a pivotal role in maintaining periodontal homeostasis at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and epigenetic levels. Under force stimuli, mechanosensitive ncRNAs with altered expression levels transduce mechanical load to modulate intracellular genes. These ncRNAs regulate the biomechanical responses of periodontium in the catabolic, anabolic, and coupling phases throughout OTM. To achieve this, down or upregulated ncRNAs actively participate in cell proliferation, differentiation, autophagy, inflammatory, immune, and neurovascular responses. This review highlights the regulatory mechanism of fine-tuning ncRNAs in periodontium remodeling during OTM, laying the foundation for safe, precise, and personalized orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Chen
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280 China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
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35
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Hojo H. Emerging RUNX2-Mediated Gene Regulatory Mechanisms Consisting of Multi-Layered Regulatory Networks in Skeletal Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032979. [PMID: 36769300 PMCID: PMC9917854 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal development is tightly coordinated by chondrocytes and osteoblasts, which are derived from skeletal progenitors, and distinct cell-type gene regulatory programs underlie the specification and differentiation of cells. Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) is essential to chondrocyte hypertrophy and osteoblast differentiation. Genetic studies have revealed the biological functions of Runx2 and its involvement in skeletal genetic diseases. Meanwhile, molecular biology has provided a framework for our understanding of RUNX2-mediated transactivation at a limited number of cis-regulatory elements. Furthermore, studies using next-generation sequencing (NGS) have provided information on RUNX2-mediated gene regulation at the genome level and novel insights into the multiple layers of gene regulatory mechanisms, including the modes of action of RUNX2, chromatin accessibility, the concept of pioneer factors and phase separation, and three-dimensional chromatin organization. In this review, I summarize the emerging RUNX2-mediated regulatory mechanism from a multi-layer perspective and discuss future perspectives for applications in the treatment of skeletal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Hojo
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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36
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Synthesis, Regulatory Factors, and Signaling Pathways of Estrogen in the Ovary. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:350-360. [PMID: 35384637 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-00932-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
New insights have been thrown for understanding the significant role of estrogen on various systems of humans. Increasing evidences have determined the significant roles of estrogen in female reproductive system. So, the normal synthesis and secretion of estrogen play important roles in maintaining the function of tissues and organs. The ovaries are the main synthetic organs of estrogen. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge of the estrogen synthesis in the ovaries. A series of factors and signaling pathways that regulate the synthesis of estrogen are expounded in detail. Understanding the regulating factors and potential mechanism related to estrogen synthesis will be beneficial for understanding estrogen disorder related diseases and may provide novel therapeutic targets.
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37
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Ernst MPT, Pronk E, van Dijk C, van Strien PMH, van Tienhoven TVD, Wevers MJW, Sanders MA, Bindels EMJ, Speck NA, Raaijmakers MHGP. Hematopoietic Cell Autonomous Disruption of Hematopoiesis in a Germline Loss-of-function Mouse Model of RUNX1-FPD. Hemasphere 2023; 7:e824. [PMID: 36741355 PMCID: PMC9891454 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
RUNX1 familial platelet disorder (RUNX1-FPD) is a hematopoietic disorder caused by germline loss-of-function mutations in the RUNX1 gene and characterized by thrombocytopathy, thrombocytopenia, and an increased risk of developing hematologic malignancies, mostly of myeloid origin. Disease pathophysiology has remained incompletely understood, in part because of a shortage of in vivo models recapitulating the germline RUNX1 loss of function found in humans, precluding the study of potential contributions of non-hematopoietic cells to disease pathogenesis. Here, we studied mice harboring a germline hypomorphic mutation of one Runx1 allele with a loss-of-function mutation in the other Runx1 allele (Runx1 L148A/- mice), which display many hematologic characteristics found in human RUNX1-FPD patients. Runx1 L148A/- mice displayed robust and pronounced thrombocytopenia and myeloid-biased hematopoiesis, associated with an HSC intrinsic reconstitution defect in lymphopoiesis and expansion of myeloid progenitor cell pools. We demonstrate that specific deletion of Runx1 from bone marrow stromal cells in Prrx1-cre;Runx1 fl/fl mice did not recapitulate these abnormalities, indicating that the hematopoietic abnormalities are intrinsic to the hematopoietic lineage, and arguing against a driving role of the bone marrow microenvironment. In conclusion, we report a RUNX1-FPD mouse model faithfully recapitulating key characteristics of human disease. Findings do not support a driving role of ancillary, non-hematopoietic cells in the disruption of hematopoiesis under homeostatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn P. T. Ernst
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eline Pronk
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Claire van Dijk
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Michiel J. W. Wevers
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mathijs A. Sanders
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric M. J. Bindels
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nancy A. Speck
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Fernández NB, Sosa SM, Roberts JT, Recouvreux MS, Rocha-Viegas L, Christenson JL, Spoelstra NS, Couto FL, Raimondi AR, Richer JK, Rubinstein N. RUNX1 Is Regulated by Androgen Receptor to Promote Cancer Stem Markers and Chemotherapy Resistance in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030444. [PMID: 36766786 PMCID: PMC9913961 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast cancer subtype for which no effective targeted therapies are available. Growing evidence suggests that chemotherapy-resistant cancer cells with stem-like properties (CSC) may repopulate the tumor. The androgen receptor (AR) is expressed in up to 50% of TNBCs, and AR inhibition decreases CSC and tumor initiation. Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) correlates with poor prognosis in TNBC and is regulated by the AR in prostate cancer. Our group has shown that RUNX1 promotes TNBC cell migration and regulates tumor gene expression. We hypothesized that RUNX1 is regulated by the AR and that both may work together in TNBC CSC to promote disease recurrence following chemotherapy. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) experiments in MDA-MB-453 revealed AR binding to RUNX1 regulatory regions. RUNX1 expression is upregulated by dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in MDA-MB-453 and in an AR+-TNBC HCI-009 patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumors (p < 0.05). RUNX1 is increased in a CSC-like experimental model in MDA-MB-453 and SUM-159PT cells (p < 0.05). Inhibition of RUNX1 transcriptional activity reduced the expression of CSC markers. Interestingly, RUNX1 inhibition reduced cell viability and enhanced paclitaxel and enzalutamide sensitivity. Targeting RUNX1 may be an attractive strategy to potentiate the anti-tumor effects of AR inhibition, specifically in the slow-growing CSC-like populations that resist chemotherapy which lead to metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia B. Fernández
- Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional (iB3), Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina
| | - Sofía M. Sosa
- Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional (iB3), Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina
| | - Justin T. Roberts
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - María S. Recouvreux
- Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional (iB3), Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Luciana Rocha-Viegas
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Jessica L. Christenson
- Department of Pathology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Nicole S. Spoelstra
- Department of Pathology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Facundo L. Couto
- Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional (iB3), Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Ana R. Raimondi
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Jennifer K. Richer
- Department of Pathology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Natalia Rubinstein
- Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional (iB3), Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina
- Correspondence:
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Dutta B, Osato M. The RUNX Family, a Novel Multifaceted Guardian of the Genome. Cells 2023; 12:255. [PMID: 36672189 PMCID: PMC9856552 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The DNA repair machinery exists to protect cells from daily genetic insults by orchestrating multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors. One such factor recently identified is the Runt-related transcription factor (RUNX) family, a group of proteins that act as a master transcriptional regulator for multiple biological functions such as embryonic development, stem cell behaviors, and oncogenesis. A significant number of studies in the past decades have delineated the involvement of RUNX proteins in DNA repair. Alterations in RUNX genes cause organ failure and predisposition to cancers, as seen in patients carrying mutations in the other well-established DNA repair genes. Herein, we review the currently existing findings and provide new insights into transcriptional and non-transcriptional multifaceted regulation of DNA repair by RUNX family proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibek Dutta
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Motomi Osato
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
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KUNTJORO M, HENDRIJANTINI N, PRASETYO EP, LEGOWO D, SITALAKSMI RM, AGUSTONO B, ARI MDA, HONG G. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells accelerate and increase implant osseointegration in diabetic rats. J Appl Oral Sci 2023; 31:e20220375. [PMID: 36995883 PMCID: PMC10065760 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2022-0375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to assess the effect of hUCMSCs injection on the osseointegration of dental implant in diabetic rats via Runt-related Transcription Factor 2 (Runx2), Osterix (Osx), osteoblasts, and Bone Implant Contact (BIC). METHODOLOGY The research design was a true experimental design using Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain. Rattus norvegicus were injected with streptozotocin to induce experimental diabetes mellitus. The right femur was drilled and loaded with titanium implant. Approximately 1 mm from proximal and distal implant site were injected with hUCMSCs. The control group was given only gelatin solvent injection. After 2 and 4 weeks of observation, the rats were sacrificed for further examination around implant site using immunohistochemistry staining (RUNX2 and Osterix expression), hematoxylin eosin staining, and bone implant contact area. Data analysis was done using ANOVA test. RESULTS Data indicated a significant difference in Runx2 expression (p<0.001), osteoblasts (p<0.009), BIC value (p<0.000), and Osterix expression (p<0.002). In vivo injection of hUCMSCs successfully increased Runx2, osteoblasts, and BIC value significantly, while decreased Osterix expression, indicating an acceleration of the bone maturation process. CONCLUSION The results proved hUCMSCs to accelerate and enhance implant osseointegration in diabetic rat models.
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LIU JIA, WANG FAPING, YUAN BO, LUO FENGMING. Transcriptional factor RUNX1: A potential therapeutic target for fibrotic pulmonary disease. BIOCELL 2023. [DOI: 10.32604/biocell.2023.026148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
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The roles of Runx1 in skeletal development and osteoarthritis: A concise review. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12656. [PMID: 36636224 PMCID: PMC9830174 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Runt-related transcription factor-1 (Runx1) is well known for its functions in hematopoiesis and leukemia but recent research has focused on its role in skeletal development and osteoarthritis (OA). Deficiency of the Runx1 gene is fatal in early embryonic development, and specific knockout of Runx1 in cell lineages of cartilage and bone leads to delayed cartilage formation and impaired bone calcification. Runx1 can regulate genes including collagen type II (Col2a1) and X (Col10a1), SRY-box transcription factor 9 (Sox9), aggrecan (Acan) and matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13), and the up-regulation of Runx1 improves the homeostasis of the whole joint, even in the pathological state. Moreover, Runx1 is activated as a response to mechanical compression, but impaired in the joint with the pathological progress associated with osteoarthritis. Therefore, interpretation about the role of Runx1 could enlarge our understanding of key marker genes in the skeletal development and an increased understanding of Runx1 could be helpful to identify treatments for osteoarthritis. This review provides the most up-to-date advances in the roles and bio-mechanisms of Runx1 in healthy joints and osteoarthritis from all currently published articles and gives novel insights in therapeutic approaches to OA based on Runx1.
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Kataoka T. Biological properties of the BCL-2 family protein BCL-RAMBO, which regulates apoptosis, mitochondrial fragmentation, and mitophagy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1065702. [PMID: 36589739 PMCID: PMC9800997 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1065702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play an essential role in the regulation of cellular stress responses, including cell death. Damaged mitochondria are removed by fission and fusion cycles and mitophagy, which counteract cell death. BCL-2 family proteins possess one to four BCL-2 homology domains and regulate apoptosis signaling at mitochondria. BCL-RAMBO, also known as BCL2-like 13 (BCL2L13), was initially identified as one of the BCL-2 family proteins inducing apoptosis. Mitophagy receptors recruit the ATG8 family proteins MAP1LC3/GABARAP via the MAP1LC3-interacting region (LIR) motif to initiate mitophagy. In addition to apoptosis, BCL-RAMBO has recently been identified as a mitophagy receptor that possesses the LIR motif and regulates mitochondrial fragmentation and mitophagy. In the 20 years since its discovery, many important findings on BCL-RAMBO have been increasingly reported. The biological properties of BCL-RAMBO are reviewed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Kataoka
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan,Biomedical Research Center, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan,*Correspondence: Takao Kataoka,
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Persyn E, Wahlen S, Kiekens L, Van Loocke W, Siwe H, Van Ammel E, De Vos Z, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Matthys P, Taghon T, Vandekerckhove B, Van Vlierberghe P, Leclercq G. IRF2 is required for development and functional maturation of human NK cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1038821. [PMID: 36544762 PMCID: PMC9762550 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1038821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic and cytokine-producing lymphocytes that play an important role in the first line of defense against malignant or virus-infected cells. A better understanding of the transcriptional regulation of human NK cell differentiation is crucial to improve the efficacy of NK cell-mediated immunotherapy for cancer treatment. Here, we studied the role of the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 2 in human NK cell differentiation by stable knockdown or overexpression in cord blood hematopoietic stem cells and investigated its effect on development and function of the NK cell progeny. IRF2 overexpression had limited effects in these processes, indicating that endogenous IRF2 expression levels are sufficient. However, IRF2 knockdown greatly reduced the cell numbers of all early differentiation stages, resulting in decimated NK cell numbers. This was not caused by increased apoptosis, but by decreased proliferation. Expression of IRF2 is also required for functional maturation of NK cells, as the remaining NK cells after silencing of IRF2 had a less mature phenotype and showed decreased cytotoxic potential, as well as a greatly reduced cytokine secretion. Thus, IRF2 plays an important role during development and functional maturation of human NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Persyn
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sigrid Wahlen
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laura Kiekens
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wouter Van Loocke
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hannah Siwe
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Els Van Ammel
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Zenzi De Vos
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Patrick Matthys
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Taghon
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Vandekerckhove
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Van Vlierberghe
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Georges Leclercq
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium,*Correspondence: Georges Leclercq,
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Bao N, Cheng L, Wang Y, Peng Z, Wang Z, Chen S. Protein-protein interactions between RUNX3 and ZEB1 in chronic lung injury induced by methamphetamine abuse. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1025922. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1025922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) is the most common and highly addictive substance abuse drug. Runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) and Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) are associated with lung inflammation and fibrosis. However, the protein-protein interactions (PPIs) between RUNX3 and ZEB1 and its involvement in MA-induced chronic lung injury is still unclear. In this study, we evaluated lung injury using echocardiography, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and western blot analysis. The viability of alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) was assessed using cell counting kit-8. Molecular Operating Environment software, Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins database, co-immunoprecipitation, assay and confocal immunofluorescence assay were used to predict and identify the PPIs between RUNX3 and ZEB1. The expression of RUNX3 and ZEB1 were knockdown in AECs using siRNA. The results revealed that MA exposure increased the peak blood flow velocity of the pulmonary artery and the acceleration time of pulmonary artery blood flow. Further, exposure to MA also causes adhesion and fusion of the alveolar walls and altered AEC activity. A decrease in the expression of RUNX3 and an increase in the expression of ZEB1 and its downstream signaling molecules were observed on MA exposure. The PPIs between RUNX3 and ZEB1 were identified. Further, an increase in the protein binding rate of RUNX3-ZEB1 was observed in MA-induced lung injury. These results show interactions between RUNX3 and ZEB1. RUNX3 protects against lung injury; however, ZEB1 expression and the PPIs between ZEB1 and RUNX3 has deleterious effects on chronic lung injury induced by MA exposure. Our results provide a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of chronic lung injury due to MA exposure.
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RUNX Proteins as Epigenetic Modulators in Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223687. [PMID: 36429115 PMCID: PMC9688118 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RUNX proteins are highly conserved in metazoans and perform critical functions during development. Dysregulation of RUNX proteins through various molecular mechanisms facilitates the development and progression of various cancers, where different RUNX proteins show tumor type-specific functions and regulate different aspects of tumorigenesis by cross-talking with different signaling pathways such as Wnt, TGF-β, and Hippo. Molecularly, they could serve as transcription factors (TFs) to activate their direct target genes or interact with many other TFs to modulate chromatin architecture globally. Here, we review the current knowledge on the functions and regulations of RUNX proteins in different cancer types and highlight their potential role as epigenetic modulators in cancer.
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Xie S, Chen M, Fang W, Liu S, Wu Q, Liu C, Xing Y, Shi W, Xu M, Zhang M, Chen S, Zeng X, Wang S, Deng W, Tang Q. Diminished arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase perturbs phase separation and transcriptional response of Runx2 to reverse pathological ventricular remodeling. EBioMedicine 2022; 86:104359. [PMID: 36395739 PMCID: PMC9672960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (Alox5) belongs to a class of nonheme iron-containing dioxygenases involved in the catalysis of leukotriene biosynthesis. However, the effects of Alox5 itself on pathological cardiac remodeling and heart failure remain elusive. METHODS The role of Alox5 in pathological cardiac remodeling was investigated by Alox5 genetic depletion, AAV9-mediated overexpression in cardiomyocytes, and a bone marrow (BM) transplantation approach. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were used to explore the effects of Alox5 in vitro. Molecular and signaling pathways were revealed by CUT &Tag, IP-MS, RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analyses. FINDINGS Untargeted metabolomics showed that serum 5-HETE (a primary product of Alox5) levels were little changed in patients with cardiac hypertrophy, while Alox5 expression was significantly upregulated in murine hypertensive cardiac samples and human cardiac samples of hypertrophy, which prompted us to test whether high Alox5 levels under hypertensive stimuli were directly associated with pathologic myocardium in an enzymatic activity-independent manner. Herein, we revealed that Alox5 deficiency significantly ameliorated transverse aortic constriction (TAC)-induced hypertrophy. Cardiomyocyte-specific Alox5 depletion attenuated hypertensive ventricular remodeling. Conversely, cardiac-specifical Alox5 overexpression showed a pro-hypertrophic cardiac phenotype. Ablation of Alox5 in bone marrow-derived cells did not affect pathological cardiac remodeling and heart failure. Mechanically, Runx2 was identified as a target of Alox5. In this regard, Alox5 PEST domain could directly bind to Runx2 PTS domain, promoting nuclear localization of Runx2 in an enzymatic activity-independent manner, simultaneously contributed to liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of Runx2 at specific domain in the nucleus and increased transcription of EGFR in cardiomyocytes. Runx2 depletion alleviated hypertrophy in Ang II-pretreated Alox5-overexpressing cardiomyocytes. INTERPRETATION Overall, our study demonstrated that targeting Alox5 exerted a protective effect against cardiac remodeling and heart failure under hypertensive stimuli by disturbing LLPS of Runx2 and substantial reduction of EGFR transcription activation in cardiomyocytes. Our findings suggest that negative modulation of Alox5-Runx2 may provide a therapeutic approach against pathological cardiac remodeling and heart failure. FUNDING National Natural Science Foundation of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiyang Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengya Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenxi Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiqiang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingqing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Xing
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenke Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Man Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Si Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zeng
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China,Department of Cardiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China,Corresponding author. Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan 430060, China.
| | - Qizhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China,Corresponding author. Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan 430060, China.
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48
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Nguyen T, Gao H, Liu D, Philips TJ, Ye Z, Lee JH, Shi GX, Copenhaver K, Zhang L, Wei L, Yu J, Zhang H, Barath A, Luong M, Zhang C, Gaspar-Maia A, Li H, Wang L, Ordog T, Weinshilboum R. Glucocorticoids unmask silent non-coding genetic risk variants for common diseases. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:11635-11653. [PMID: 36399508 PMCID: PMC9723631 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac1045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the function of non-coding genomic sequence variants represents a challenge for biomedicine. Many diseases are products of gene-by-environment interactions with complex mechanisms. This study addresses these themes by mechanistic characterization of non-coding variants that influence gene expression only after drug or hormone exposure. Using glucocorticoid signaling as a model system, we integrated genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic approaches to unravel mechanisms by which variant function could be revealed by hormones or drugs. Specifically, we identified cis-regulatory elements and 3D interactions underlying ligand-dependent associations between variants and gene expression. One-quarter of the glucocorticoid-modulated variants that we identified had already been associated with clinical phenotypes. However, their affected genes were 'unmasked' only after glucocorticoid exposure and often with function relevant to the disease phenotypes. These diseases involved glucocorticoids as risk factors or therapeutic agents and included autoimmunity, metabolic and mood disorders, osteoporosis and cancer. For example, we identified a novel breast cancer risk gene, MAST4, with expression that was repressed by glucocorticoids in cells carrying the risk genotype, repression that correlated with MAST4 expression in breast cancer and treatment outcomes. These observations provide a mechanistic framework for understanding non-coding genetic variant-chemical environment interactions and their role in disease risk and drug response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Thanh L Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic; Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic; Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Huanyao Gao
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic; Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Duan Liu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic; Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Trudy Janice Philips
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic; Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Zhenqing Ye
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic; Rochester, MN, USA
- Current affiliation: Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio; San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jeong-Heon Lee
- Epigenomics Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic; Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Geng-xian Shi
- Epigenomics Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic; Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kaleigh Copenhaver
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic; Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lingxin Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic; Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lixuan Wei
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic; Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic; Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic; Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Maggie Luong
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic; Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic; Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alexandre Gaspar-Maia
- Epigenomics Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic; Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology and Lab Medicine, Mayo Clinic; Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic; Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Liewei Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic; Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tamas Ordog
- Epigenomics Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic; Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic; Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic; Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Richard M Weinshilboum
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic; Rochester, MN, USA
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Qin Q, Liu Y, Yang Z, Aimaijiang M, Ma R, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Zhou Y. Hypoxia-Inducible Factors Signaling in Osteogenesis and Skeletal Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911201. [PMID: 36232501 PMCID: PMC9569554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sufficient oxygen is required to maintain normal cellular and physiological function, such as a creature’s development, breeding, and homeostasis. Lately, some researchers have reported that both pathological hypoxia and environmental hypoxia might affect bone health. Adaptation to hypoxia is a pivotal cellular event in normal cell development and differentiation and in pathological settings such as ischemia. As central mediators of homeostasis, hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs) can allow cells to survive in a low-oxygen environment and are essential for the regulation of osteogenesis and skeletal repair. From this perspective, we summarized the role of HIF-1 and HIF-2 in signaling pathways implicated in bone development and skeletal repair and outlined the molecular mechanism of regulation of downstream growth factors and protein molecules such as VEGF, EPO, and so on. All of these present an opportunity for developing therapies for bone regeneration.
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50
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Wijdeven RH, Cabukusta B, Behr FM, Qiu X, Amiri D, Borras DM, Arens R, Liang Y, Neefjes J. CRISPR Activation Screening Identifies VGLL3–TEAD1–RUNX1/3 as a Transcriptional Complex for PD-L1 Expression. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 209:907-915. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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