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Washida K, Saito S, Tanaka T, Nakaoku Y, Ishiyama H, Abe S, Kuroda T, Nakazawa S, Kakuta C, Omae K, Tanaka K, Minami M, Morita Y, Fukuda T, Shindo A, Maki T, Kitamura K, Tomimoto H, Aso T, Ihara M. A multicenter, single-arm, phase II clinical trial of adrenomedullin in patients with cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy. CEREBRAL CIRCULATION - COGNITION AND BEHAVIOR 2024; 6:100211. [PMID: 38375188 PMCID: PMC10875187 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccb.2024.100211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Background Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), the most common form of hereditary cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), currently lacks disease-modifying treatments. Adrenomedullin (AM), a vasoactive peptide with angiogenic, vasodilatory, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative properties, shows potential effects on the neuro-glial-vascular unit. Objective The AdrenoMedullin for CADASIL (AMCAD) study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of AM in patients with CADASIL. Sample size Overall, 60 patients will be recruited. Methods The AMCAD is a multicenter, investigator-initiated, single-arm phase II trial. Patients with a confirmed CADASIL diagnosis, based on NOTCH3 genetic testing, will receive an 8-h AM treatment (15 ng/kg/min) for 14 days following a baseline assessment (from day 1 to day 14). Follow-up evaluations will be performed on days 15, 28, 90, and 180. Study outcomes The primary endpoint is the cerebral blood flow change rate in the frontal cortex, evaluated using arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging, from baseline to day 28. Summary statistics, 95% confidence intervals, and a one-sample t-test will be used for analysis. Conclusion The AMCAD study aims to represent the therapeutic potential of AM in patients with CADASIL, addressing an unmet medical need in this challenging condition. Clinical Trial Registration jRCT 2,051,210,117 (https://jrct.niph.go.jp/en-latest-detail/jRCT2051210117).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Washida
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Satoshi Saito
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Tanaka
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Yuriko Nakaoku
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ishiyama
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Soichiro Abe
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Takehito Kuroda
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Shinsaku Nakazawa
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Chikage Kakuta
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Omae
- Department of Data Science, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Kenta Tanaka
- Department of Data Science, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Manabu Minami
- Department of Data Science, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Morita
- Department of Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Fukuda
- Department of Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Akihiro Shindo
- Department of Neurology, Mie University Graduate school of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Takakuni Maki
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kitamura
- Department of Projects Research, Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Tomimoto
- Department of Neurology, Mie University Graduate school of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Aso
- Laboratory for Brain Connectomics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ihara
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
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2
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Abstract
Despite enormous advances, cardiovascular disorders are still a major threat to global health and are responsible for one-third of deaths worldwide. Research for new therapeutics and the investigation of their effects on vascular parameters is often limited by species-specific pathways and a lack of high-throughput methods. The complex 3-dimensional environment of blood vessels, intricate cellular crosstalks, and organ-specific architectures further complicate the quest for a faithful human in vitro model. The development of novel organoid models of various tissues such as brain, gut, and kidney signified a leap for the field of personalized medicine and disease research. By utilizing either embryonic- or patient-derived stem cells, different developmental and pathological mechanisms can be modeled and investigated in a controlled in vitro environment. We have recently developed self-organizing human capillary blood vessel organoids that recapitulate key processes of vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, and diabetic vasculopathy. Since then, this organoid system has been utilized as a model for other disease processes, refined, and adapted for organ specificity. In this review, we will discuss novel and alternative approaches to blood vessel engineering and explore the cellular identity of engineered blood vessels in comparison to in vivo vasculature. Future perspectives and the therapeutic potential of blood vessel organoids will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Salewskij
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna (K.S., J.M.P.).,Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Austria (K.S.)
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna (K.S., J.M.P.).,Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (J.M.P.)
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Zhu T, Chen H, He C, Liu X. Transcription Factor HEY1 Improves Brain Vascular Endothelial Cell Function and Alleviates Ischemic Stroke by Upregulating NOTCH3. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:1442-1458. [PMID: 35316462 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03544-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the function of hairy/enhancer-of-split related with YRPW motif protein 1 (HEY1) and Notch receptor 3 (NOTCH3) in ischemic stroke. Stroke models were established by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) in rats and rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs), respectively. Neurological deficit evaluation and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining were used to assess cerebral injury. The expression of HEY1 and NOTCH3 was manipulated using gain and loss of function approaches. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling and Western blotting analysis of cleaved caspase-3 and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl2) were used to evaluate apoptosis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to measure the expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-18. The proliferation and migration of BMVECs were analyzed by Ki-67 immunofluorescence and scratch assay, respectively. Tube formation assay was conducted to measure the length of capillary-like tubes formed by BMVECs. Co-immunoprecipitation was used to testify the relationship between HEY1 and NOTCH3. HEY1 and NOTCH3 were upregulated in MCAO and OGD models. HEY1 ameliorated ischemic injuries in MCAO rats. Knockdown of HEY1 or NOTCH3 promoted OGD-induced apoptosis and inflammation and inhibited proliferation and migration in BMVECs. NOTCH3 was a binding protein of HEY1. Overexpression of HEY1 offset the disease-promoting effect of NOTCH3 silencing. HEY1 suppresses apoptosis and inflammation and promotes proliferation and migration in BMVECs by upregulating NOTCH3, thereby ameliorating ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxi Chen
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuihong He
- Chengdu Women and Children's Central Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, 610015, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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Neely SA, Lyons DA. Insights Into Central Nervous System Glial Cell Formation and Function From Zebrafish. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:754606. [PMID: 34912801 PMCID: PMC8666443 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.754606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The term glia describes a heterogenous collection of distinct cell types that make up a large proportion of our nervous system. Although once considered the glue of the nervous system, the study of glial cells has evolved significantly in recent years, with a large body of literature now highlighting their complex and diverse roles in development and throughout life. This progress is due, in part, to advances in animal models in which the molecular and cellular mechanisms of glial cell development and function as well as neuron-glial cell interactions can be directly studied in vivo in real time, in intact neural circuits. In this review we highlight the instrumental role that zebrafish have played as a vertebrate model system for the study of glial cells, and discuss how the experimental advantages of the zebrafish lend themselves to investigate glial cell interactions and diversity. We focus in particular on recent studies that have provided insight into the formation and function of the major glial cell types in the central nervous system in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Neely
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Lyons
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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5
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Sahu A, Devi S, Jui J, Goldman D. Notch signaling via Hey1 and Id2b regulates Müller glia's regenerative response to retinal injury. Glia 2021; 69:2882-2898. [PMID: 34415582 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish Müller glia (MG) respond to retinal injury by suppressing Notch signaling and producing progenitors for retinal repair. A certain threshold of injury-derived signal must be exceeded in order to engage MG in a regenerative response (MG's injury-response threshold). Pan-retinal Notch inhibition expands the zone of injury-responsive MG at the site of focal injury, suggesting that Notch signaling regulates MG's injury-response threshold. We found that Notch signaling enhanced chromatin accessibility and gene expression at a subset of regeneration-associated genes in the uninjured retina. Two Notch effector genes, hey1 and id2b, were identified that reflect bifurcation of the Notch signaling pathway, and differentially regulate MG's injury-response threshold and proliferation of MG-derived progenitors. Furthermore, Notch signaling component gene repression in the injured retina suggests a role for Dll4, Dlb, and Notch3 in regulating Notch signaling in MG and epistasis experiments confirm that the Dll4/Dlb-Notch3-Hey1/Id2b signaling pathway regulates MG's injury-response threshold and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aresh Sahu
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sulochana Devi
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jonathan Jui
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Daniel Goldman
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Chen W, Xie L, Yu F, Li Y, Chen C, Xie W, Huang T, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Li P. Zebrafish as a Model for In-Depth Mechanistic Study for Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2021; 12:695-710. [PMID: 34050491 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-021-00907-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the world's leading causes of death and disability, posing enormous burden to the society. However, the pathogenesis and mechanisms that underlie brain injury and brain repair remain largely unknown. There's an unmet need of in-depth mechanistic research in this field. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a powerful tool in brain science research mainly due to its small size and transparent body, high genome synteny with human, and similar nervous system structures. It can be used to establish both hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke models easily and effectively through different ways. After the establishment of stroke model, research methods including behavioral test, in vivo imaging, and drug screening are available to explore mechanisms that underlie the brain injury and brain repair after stroke. This review focuses on the advantages and the feasibility of zebrafish stroke model, and will also introduce the key methods available for stroke studies in zebrafish, which may drive future mechanistic studies in the pursuit of discovering novel therapeutic targets for stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Lv Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Fang Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Wanqing Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Tingting Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yueman Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Peiying Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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7
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Windrem MS, Schanz SJ, Zou L, Chandler-Militello D, Kuypers NJ, Nedergaard M, Lu Y, Mariani JN, Goldman SA. Human Glial Progenitor Cells Effectively Remyelinate the Demyelinated Adult Brain. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107658. [PMID: 32433967 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatally transplanted human glial progenitor cells (hGPCs) can myelinate the brains of myelin-deficient shiverer mice, rescuing their phenotype and survival. Yet, it has been unclear whether implanted hGPCs are similarly able to remyelinate the diffusely demyelinated adult CNS. We, therefore, ask if hGPCs could remyelinate both congenitally hypomyelinated adult shiverers and normal adult mice after cuprizone demyelination. In adult shiverers, hGPCs broadly disperse and differentiate as myelinating oligodendrocytes after subcortical injection, improving both host callosal conduction and ambulation. Implanted hGPCs similarly remyelinate denuded axons after cuprizone demyelination, whether delivered before or after demyelination. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of hGPCs back from cuprizone-demyelinated brains reveals their transcriptional activation of oligodendrocyte differentiation programs, while distinguishing them from hGPCs not previously exposed to demyelination. These data indicate the ability of transplanted hGPCs to disperse throughout the adult CNS, to broadly myelinate regions of dysmyelination, and also to be recruited as myelinogenic oligodendrocytes later in life, upon demyelination-associated demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha S Windrem
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine and the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Steven J Schanz
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine and the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Lisa Zou
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine and the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Devin Chandler-Militello
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine and the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Nicholas J Kuypers
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine and the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine and the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yuan Lu
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine and the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - John N Mariani
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine and the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Steven A Goldman
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine and the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Neuroscience Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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8
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Li C, Xie Z, Xing Z, Zhu H, Zhou W, Xie S, Zhang Z, Li MH. The Notch Signaling Pathway Regulates Differentiation of NG2 Cells into Oligodendrocytes in Demyelinating Diseases. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:1-11. [PMID: 33826017 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01089-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
NG2 cells are highly proliferative glial cells that can self-renew or differentiate into oligodendrocytes, promoting remyelination. Following demyelination, the proliferative and differentiation potentials of NG2 cells increase rapidly, enhancing their differentiation into functional myelinating cells. Levels of the transcription factors Olig1 and Olig2 increase during the differentiation of NG2 cells and play important roles in the development and repair of oligodendrocytes. However, the ability to generate new oligodendrocytes is hampered by injury-related factors (e.g., myelin fragments, Wnt and Notch signaling components), leading to failed differentiation and maturation of NG2 cells into oligodendrocytes. Here, we review Notch signaling as a negative regulator of oligodendrocyte differentiation and discuss the extracellular ligands, intracellular pathways, and key transcription factors involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcai Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwai Zheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiping Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwai Zheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zelong Xing
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwai Zheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaxin Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwai Zheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwai Zheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenke Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwai Zheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixiong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwai Zheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Hua Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwai Zheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Tseng WC, Johnson Escauriza AJ, Tsai-Morris CH, Feldman B, Dale RK, Wassif CA, Porter FD. The role of Niemann-Pick type C2 in zebrafish embryonic development. Development 2021; 148:dev194258. [PMID: 33722902 PMCID: PMC8077516 DOI: 10.1242/dev.194258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is a rare, fatal, neurodegenerative lysosomal disease caused by mutations of either NPC1 or NPC2. NPC2 is a soluble lysosomal protein that functions in coordination with NPC1 to efflux cholesterol from the lysosomal compartment. Mutations of either gene result in the accumulation of unesterified cholesterol and other lipids in the late endosome/lysosome, and reduction of cellular cholesterol bioavailability. Zygotic null npc2m/m zebrafish showed significant unesterified cholesterol accumulation at larval stages, a reduction in body size, and motor and balance defects in adulthood. However, the phenotype at embryonic stages was milder than expected, suggesting a possible role of maternal Npc2 in embryonic development. Maternal-zygotic npc2m/m zebrafish exhibited significant developmental defects, including defective otic vesicle development/absent otoliths, abnormal head/brain development, curved/twisted body axes and no circulating blood cells, and died by 72 hpf. RNA-seq analysis conducted on 30 hpf npc2+/m and MZnpc2m/m embryos revealed a significant reduction in the expression of notch3 and other downstream genes in the Notch signaling pathway, suggesting that impaired Notch3 signaling underlies aspects of the developmental defects observed in MZnpc2m/m zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chia Tseng
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ana J. Johnson Escauriza
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chon-Hwa Tsai-Morris
- Zebrafish Core, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Benjamin Feldman
- Zebrafish Core, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ryan K. Dale
- Bioinformatics and Scientific Programming Core, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christopher A. Wassif
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Forbes D. Porter
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Wang Y, Li W, Huang F, Wu X, Chen W, Dong M, Zhou J. Synthesis of sophocarpine triflorohydrazone and its proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction activity in myeloma cells through Notch3-p53 signaling activation. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:484-490. [PMID: 33156571 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is indicated by the presence of excessive monoclonal plasma cells in bone marrow, which result in the formation of osteolytic lesions. The present study investigated SCA as anti-proliferative agent for myeloma cells and explored the mechanism associated. Effect of SCA on viabilities of KRASA12 and AMO-1 cells was evaluated by MTT assay and apoptotic ratio using flow cytometry. Protein expression was investigated by western blotting and expression of genes related to Notch3-p53 signaling axis using RT-PCR assay. Increase in SCA concentration caused a significant (P < .01) reduction in KRASA12 and AMO-1 cell viability. The KRASA12 and AMO-1 cell viabilities were reduced to 29% and 21%, respectively on treatment with 21 μM doses of SCA. SCA treatment of KRASA12 and AMO-1 cells significantly (P < .05) increased apoptosis compared with untreated cells. The Bcl-2 (26 kDa) protein expression was reduced whereas the Bax (21 kDa) and cleaved caspase-3 levels elevated in SCA treated KRASA12 and AMO-1 cells. Treatment with SCA significantly promoted Hes1, p53 (53 kDa) and Hey1 mRNA expression in KRASA12 and AMO-1 cells. Treatment of KRASA12 and AMO-1 cells with SCA led to a marked reduction in Notch3 protein expression. SCA inhibits KRASA12 and AMO-1 myeloma cell proliferation by promoting pro-apoptotic proteins. Moreover, SCA treatment suppressed Hes1 and Hey1 mRNA expression and targeted Notch3 expression. Therefore, SCA may be studied further for development of treatment for myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
- Key Laboratory of System Bio-medicine of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
- Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine and Translational Medicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
- Key Laboratory of System Bio-medicine of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
- Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine and Translational Medicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Fangmei Huang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Xiaojian Wu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Wenbin Chen
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Ming Dong
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
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Manini A, Pantoni L. CADASIL from Bench to Bedside: Disease Models and Novel Therapeutic Approaches. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2558-2573. [PMID: 33464533 PMCID: PMC8128844 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02282-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a monogenic disease caused by NOTCH3 mutations and characterized by typical clinical, neuroradiological, and pathological features. NOTCH3 belongs to a family of highly conserved transmembrane receptors rich of epidermal growth factor repeats, mostly expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells and pericytes, which perform essential developmental functions and are involved in tissues maintenance and renewal. To date, no therapeutic option for CADASIL is available except for few symptomatic treatments. Novel in vitro and in vivo models are continuously explored with the aim to investigate underlying pathogenic mechanisms and to test novel therapeutic approaches. In this scenario, knock-out, knock-in, and transgenic mice studies have generated a large amount of information on molecular and biological aspects of CADASIL, despite that they incompletely reproduce the human phenotype. Moreover, the field of in vitro models has been revolutionized in the last two decades by the introduction of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) technology. As a consequence, novel therapeutic approaches, including immunotherapy, growth factors administration, and antisense oligonucleotides, are currently under investigation. While waiting that further studies confirm the promising results obtained, the data reviewed suggest that our therapeutic approach to the disease could be transformed, generating new hope for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Manini
- Stroke and Dementia Lab, "Luigi Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Giovanni Battista Grassi 74, 20157, Milano, Italy
| | - Leonardo Pantoni
- Stroke and Dementia Lab, "Luigi Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Giovanni Battista Grassi 74, 20157, Milano, Italy.
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12
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Ihara M, Washida K, Yoshimoto T, Saito S. Adrenomedullin: A vasoactive agent for sporadic and hereditary vascular cognitive impairment. CEREBRAL CIRCULATION - COGNITION AND BEHAVIOR 2021; 2:100007. [PMID: 36324729 PMCID: PMC9616331 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccb.2021.100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Adrenomedullin (AM) is an endogenous peptide mainly secreted from endothelial cells, which has multiple physiological actions such as anti-inflammation, vasodilation, vascular permeability regulation and angiogenesis. Blood AM levels are upregulated in a variety of pathological states including sepsis, severe COVID-19, acute ischemic stroke and vascular cognitive impairment with white matter changes, likely serving as a compensatory biological defense response against infection and ischemia. AM is currently being tested in clinical trials for ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, severe COVID-19 for its anti-inflammatory properties and in ischemic stroke for its additional angiogenic action. AM has been proposed as a therapeutic option for vascular cognitive impairment as its arteriogenic and angiogenic properties are thought to contribute to a slowing of cognitive decline in mice after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. As AM promotes differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells into mature oligodendrocytes under hypoxic conditions, AM could also be used in the treatment of CADASIL, where reduced oxygen delivery is thought to lead to the death of hypoxia-prone oligodendrocytes. AM therefore holds potential as an innovative therapeutic drug, which may regenerate blood vessels, while controlling inflammation in cerebrovascular diseases.
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13
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Shindo A, Ishikawa H, Ii Y, Niwa A, Tomimoto H. Clinical Features and Experimental Models of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:109. [PMID: 32431603 PMCID: PMC7214616 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) refers to a group of disease conditions affecting the cerebral small vessels, which include the small arteries, arterioles, capillaries, and postcapillary venules in the brain. SVD is the primary cause of vascular cognitive impairment and gait disturbances in aged people. There are several types of SVD, though arteriolosclerosis, which is mainly associated with hypertension, aging, and diabetes mellitus, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) comprise most SVD cases. The pathology of arteriolosclerosis-induced SVD is characterized by fibrinoid necrosis and lipohyalinosis, while CAA-associated SVD is characterized by progressive deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ) protein in the cerebral vessels. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used for examination of SVD lesions; typical lesions are characterized by white matter hyperintensity, lacunar infarcts, enlargement of perivascular spaces (EPVS), microbleeds, cortical superficial siderosis (cSS), and cortical microinfarcts. The microvascular changes that occur in the small vessels are difficult to identify clearly; however, these consequent image findings can represent the SVD. There are two main strategies for prevention and treatment of SVD, i.e., pharmacotherapy and lifestyle modification. In this review, we discuss clinical features of SVD, experimental models replicating SVD, and treatments to further understand the pathological and clinical features of SVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Shindo
- Department of Neurology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Ishikawa
- Department of Neurology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Ii
- Department of Neurology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Atsushi Niwa
- Department of Neurology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Tomimoto
- Department of Neurology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
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14
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Endocardial Notch Signaling Promotes Cardiomyocyte Proliferation in the Regenerating Zebrafish Heart through Wnt Pathway Antagonism. Cell Rep 2020; 26:546-554.e5. [PMID: 30650349 PMCID: PMC6366857 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrate that the regenerative zebrafish heart responds to injury by upregulating Notch receptors in the endocardium and epicardium. Moreover, global suppression of Notch activity following injury impairs cardiomyocyte proliferation and induces scarring. However, the lineage-specific requirements for Notch signaling and full array of downstream targets remain unidentified. Here, we demonstrate that inhibition of endocardial Notch signaling following ventricular amputation compromises cardiomyocyte proliferation and stimulates fibrosis. RNA sequencing uncovered reduced levels of two transcripts encoding secreted Wnt antagonists, Wif1 and Notum1b, in Notch-suppressed hearts. Like Notch receptors, wif1 and notum1b are induced following injury in the endocardium and epicardium. Small-molecule-mediated activation of Wnt signaling is sufficient to impair cardiomyocyte proliferation and induce scarring. Last, Wnt pathway suppression partially restored cardiomyocyte proliferation in hearts experiencing endocardial Notch inhibition. Taken together, our data demonstrate that Notch signaling supports cardiomyocyte proliferation by dampening myocardial Wnt activity during zebrafish heart regeneration. The highly regenerative zebrafish heart responds to injury by upregulating Notch receptors in the endocardium and epicardium to support myocardial proliferation and regeneration. Zhao et al. demonstrate that endocardial (EC) Notch signaling augments the expression of secreted endocardial Wnt antagonists that dampen myocardial Wnt signaling to support regenerative cardiomyocyte renewal.
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15
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Zhang Y, Lin XY, Zhang JH, Xie ZL, Deng H, Huang YF, Huang XH. Apoptosis of mouse myeloma cells induced by curcumin via the Notch3-p53 signaling axis. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:127-134. [PMID: 30655747 PMCID: PMC6313093 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to apoptosis is a characteristic of cancer. Curcumin has become a potential anticancer drug for its pro-apoptotic effects, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Furthermore, the Notch3-p53 signaling axis serves an important role in cell fate. The present study was designed to investigate the antitumor effect of curcumin by the Notch3-p53 axis in mouse myeloma P3X63Ag8 cells. The effects of curcumin on the viability of P3X63Ag8 cells were evaluated using an MTT assay. Quantitative expression of the Notch3-p53 signaling axis-associated genes was measured by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and western blot analysis was used to investigate the expression of proteins. Additionally, flow cytometry was used to measure the ratio of apoptosis. The results demonstrated that curcumin could significantly inhibit cell viability. No significant pro-apoptotic effect was observed when the concentration of curcumin was <30 µM. At 30 µM, curcumin-treated cells exhibited an apoptotic phenomenon, and the ratio of late apoptosis increased with the concentration of curcumin, and reached 28.4 and 51.8% in the medium- and high-dose groups, respectively. Curcumin inhibited the expression of Notch3, while the middle- and high-dose groups promoted p53. The expression of Notch3-responsive genes Hes family BHLH transcription factor 1 and Hes-related family transcription factor with YRPW motif 1 were notably promoted. Curcumin treatment significantly downregulated B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) at the mRNA and protein levels, but upregulated Bcl-2-associated X. These data indicated that curcumin exhibited antitumor effects in mouse myeloma cells with induction of apoptosis by affecting the Notch3-p53 signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Yu Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P.R. China
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P.R. China
| | - Jiao-Hui Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P.R. China
| | - Zheng-Lu Xie
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P.R. China
| | - Hui Deng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Fang Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Hong Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P.R. China
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16
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Than-Trong E, Ortica-Gatti S, Mella S, Nepal C, Alunni A, Bally-Cuif L. Neural stem cell quiescence and stemness are molecularly distinct outputs of the Notch3 signalling cascade in the vertebrate adult brain. Development 2018; 145:dev.161034. [PMID: 29695612 PMCID: PMC6001379 DOI: 10.1242/dev.161034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult vertebrate brain are found in a quiescent state and can preserve long-lasting progenitor potential (stemness). Whether and how these two properties are linked, and to what extent they can be independently controlled by NSC maintenance pathways, is unresolved. We have previously identified Notch3 signalling as a major quiescence-promoting pathway in adult NSCs of the zebrafish pallium. We now show that Notch3 also controls NSC stemness. Using parallel transcriptomic characterizations of notch3 mutant NSCs and adult NSC physiological states, we demonstrate that a set of potentially direct Notch3 target genes distinguishes quiescence and stemness control. As a proof of principle, we focus on one ‘stemness’ target, encoding the bHLH transcription factor Hey1, that has not yet been analysed in adult NSCs. We show that abrogation of Hey1 function in adult pallial NSCs in vivo, including quiescent NSCs, leads to their differentiation without affecting their proliferation state. These results demonstrate that quiescence and stemness are molecularly distinct outputs of Notch3 signalling, and identify Hey1 as a major Notch3 effector controlling NSC stemness in the vertebrate adult brain. Highlighted Article: Notch3 signalling selectively controls neural stem cell stemness through the activity of the Hey1 transcription factor, independently of its molecular regulation of neural stem cell quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Than-Trong
- Institut Pasteur, Unit Zebrafish Neurogenetics, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR3738, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sara Ortica-Gatti
- Institut Pasteur, Unit Zebrafish Neurogenetics, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR3738, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Mella
- CNRS, UMR3738, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, Unit Stem Cells and Development, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Chirag Nepal
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alessandro Alunni
- Institut Pasteur, Unit Zebrafish Neurogenetics, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France .,CNRS, UMR3738, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Laure Bally-Cuif
- Institut Pasteur, Unit Zebrafish Neurogenetics, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France .,CNRS, UMR3738, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
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17
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Hogan BM, Schulte-Merker S. How to Plumb a Pisces: Understanding Vascular Development and Disease Using Zebrafish Embryos. Dev Cell 2017; 42:567-583. [PMID: 28950100 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Our vasculature plays diverse and critical roles in homeostasis and disease. In recent decades, the use of zebrafish has driven our understanding of vascular development into new areas, identifying new genes and mechanisms controlling vessel formation and allowing unprecedented observation of the cellular and molecular events that shape the developing vasculature. Here, we highlight key mechanisms controlling formation of the zebrafish vasculature and investigate how knowledge from this highly tractable model system has informed our understanding of vascular disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Hogan
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Stefan Schulte-Merker
- Institute for Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, WWU Münster, Münster 48149, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC-1003), WWU Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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18
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Tang M, Shi C, Song B, Yang J, Yang T, Mao C, Li Y, Liu X, Zhang S, Wang H, Luo H, Xu Y. CADASIL mutant NOTCH3(R90C) decreases the viability of HS683 oligodendrocytes via apoptosis. Mol Biol Rep 2017; 44:273-280. [PMID: 28601945 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-017-4107-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is the most common hereditary cerebral small vessel disease caused by mutations in NOTCH3. Prevailing models suggest that demyelination occurs secondary to vascular pathology. However, in zebrafish, NOTCH3 is also expressed in mature oligodendrocytes. Thus, we hypothesized that in addition to vascular defects, mutant NOTCH3 may alter glial function in individuals with CADASIL. The aim of this study was to characterize the direct effects of a mutant NOTCH3 protein in HS683 oligodendrocytes. HS683 oligodendrocytes transfected with wild-type NOTCH3, mutant NOTCH3(R90C), and empty control vector were used to study the impact of the NOTCH3(R90C) mutant on its protein hydrolytic processing, cell viability, apoptosis, autophagy, oxidative stress, and the related upstream events using immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, RT-PCR, and flow cytometry. We determined that HS683 oligodendrocytes transfected with mutant NOTCH3(R90C), which is the hotspot mutation site-associated with CADASIL, exhibited aberrant NOTCH3 proteolytic processing. Compared to cells overexpressing wild-type NOTCH3, cells overexpressing NOTCH3(R90C) were less viable and had a higher rate of apoptosis. Immunoblotting revealed that cells transfected with NOTCH3(R90C) had higher levels of intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis, extrinsic death receptor path-related apoptosis, and autophagy compared with cells transfected with wild-type NOTCH3. This study suggests that in patients with CADASIL, early defects in glia influenced by NOTCH3(R90C) may directly contribute to white matter pathology in addition to secondary vascular defects. This study provides a potential therapeutic target for the future treatment of CADASIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mibo Tang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Changhe Shi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Bo Song
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Chengyuan Mao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Xinjing Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Haiyang Luo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Yuming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
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19
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Stratman AN, Pezoa SA, Farrelly OM, Castranova D, Dye LE, Butler MG, Sidik H, Talbot WS, Weinstein BM. Interactions between mural cells and endothelial cells stabilize the developing zebrafish dorsal aorta. Development 2016; 144:115-127. [PMID: 27913637 DOI: 10.1242/dev.143131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mural cells (vascular smooth muscle cells and pericytes) play an essential role in the development of the vasculature, promoting vascular quiescence and long-term vessel stabilization through their interactions with endothelial cells. However, the mechanistic details of how mural cells stabilize vessels are not fully understood. We have examined the emergence and functional role of mural cells investing the dorsal aorta during early development using the zebrafish. Consistent with previous literature, our data suggest that cells ensheathing the dorsal aorta emerge from a sub-population of cells in the adjacent sclerotome. Inhibition of mural cell recruitment to the dorsal aorta through disruption of pdgfr signaling leads to a reduced vascular basement membrane, which in turn results in enhanced dorsal aorta vessel elasticity and failure to restrict aortic diameter. Our results provide direct in vivo evidence for a functional role for mural cells in patterning and stabilization of the early vasculature through production and maintenance of the vascular basement membrane to prevent abnormal aortic expansion and elasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber N Stratman
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sofia A Pezoa
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Olivia M Farrelly
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel Castranova
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Louis E Dye
- Microscopy & Imaging Core, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Matthew G Butler
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Harwin Sidik
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - William S Talbot
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Brant M Weinstein
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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20
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Abstract
Myelin is a lipid-rich sheath formed by the spiral wrapping of specialized glial cells around axon segments. Myelinating glia allow for rapid transmission of nerve impulses and metabolic support of axons, and the absence of or disruption to myelin results in debilitating motor, cognitive, and emotional deficits in humans. Because myelin is a jawed vertebrate innovation, zebrafish are one of the simplest vertebrate model systems to study the genetics and development of myelinating glia. The morphogenetic cellular movements and genetic program that drive myelination are conserved between zebrafish and mammals, and myelin develops rapidly in zebrafish larvae, within 3-5days postfertilization. Myelin ultrastructure can be visualized in the zebrafish from larval to adult stages via transmission electron microscopy, and the dynamic development of myelinating glial cells may be observed in vivo via transgenic reporter lines in zebrafish larvae. Zebrafish are amenable to genetic and pharmacological screens, and screens for myelinating glial phenotypes have revealed both genes and drugs that promote myelin development, many of which are conserved in mammalian glia. Recently, zebrafish have been employed as a model to understand the complex dynamics of myelinating glia during development and regeneration. In this chapter, we describe these key methodologies and recent insights into mechanisms that regulate myelination using the zebrafish model.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D'Rozario
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - K R Monk
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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21
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Shindo A, Liang AC, Maki T, Miyamoto N, Tomimoto H, Lo EH, Arai K. Subcortical ischemic vascular disease: Roles of oligodendrocyte function in experimental models of subcortical white-matter injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2016; 36:187-98. [PMID: 25920960 PMCID: PMC4758561 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2015.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes are one of the major cell types in cerebral white matter. Under normal conditions, they form myelin sheaths that encircle axons to support fast nerve conduction. Under conditions of cerebral ischemia, oligodendrocytes tend to die, resulting in white-matter dysfunction. Repair of white matter involves the ability of oligodendrocyte precursors to proliferate and mature. However, replacement of lost oligodendrocytes may not be the only mechanism for white-matter recovery. Emerging data now suggest that coordinated signaling between neural, glial, and vascular cells in the entire neurovascular unit may be required. In this mini-review, we discuss how oligodendrocyte lineage cells participate in signaling and crosstalk with other cell types to underlie function and recovery in various experimental models of subcortical white-matter injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Shindo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Anna C Liang
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Takakuni Maki
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nobukazu Miyamoto
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hidekazu Tomimoto
- Department of Neurology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Eng H Lo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ken Arai
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
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22
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Combined deficiency of Notch1 and Notch3 causes pericyte dysfunction, models CADASIL, and results in arteriovenous malformations. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16449. [PMID: 26563570 PMCID: PMC4643246 DOI: 10.1038/srep16449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pericytes regulate vessel stability and pericyte dysfunction contributes to retinopathies, stroke, and cancer. Here we define Notch as a key regulator of pericyte function during angiogenesis. In Notch1+/−; Notch3−/− mice, combined deficiency of Notch1 and Notch3 altered pericyte interaction with the endothelium and reduced pericyte coverage of the retinal vasculature. Notch1 and Notch3 were shown to cooperate to promote proper vascular basement membrane formation and contribute to endothelial cell quiescence. Accordingly, loss of pericyte function due to Notch deficiency exacerbates endothelial cell activation caused by Notch1 haploinsufficiency. Mice mutant for Notch1 and Notch3 develop arteriovenous malformations and display hallmarks of the ischemic stroke disease CADASIL. Thus, Notch deficiency compromises pericyte function and contributes to vascular pathologies.
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23
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Sidik H, Talbot WS. A zinc finger protein that regulates oligodendrocyte specification, migration and myelination in zebrafish. Development 2015; 142:4119-28. [PMID: 26459222 DOI: 10.1242/dev.128215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Precise control of oligodendrocyte migration and development is crucial for myelination of axons in the central nervous system (CNS), but important questions remain unanswered about the mechanisms controlling these processes. In a zebrafish screen for myelination mutants, we identified a mutation in zinc finger protein 16-like (znf16l). znf16l mutant larvae have reduced myelin basic protein (mbp) expression and reduced CNS myelin. Marker, time-lapse and ultrastructural studies indicated that oligodendrocyte specification, migration and myelination are disrupted in znf16l mutants. Transgenic studies indicated that znf16l acts autonomously in oligodendrocytes. Expression of Zfp488 from mouse rescued mbp expression in znf16l mutants, indicating that these homologs have overlapping functions. Our results defined the function of a new zinc finger protein with specific function in oligodendrocyte specification, migration and myelination in the developing CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harwin Sidik
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
| | - William S Talbot
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
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24
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Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) originate in the ventricular zones (VZs) of the brain and spinal cord and migrate throughout the developing central nervous system (CNS) before differentiating into myelinating oligodendrocytes (OLs). It is not known whether OPCs or OLs from different parts of the VZ are functionally distinct. OPCs persist in the postnatal CNS, where they continue to divide and generate myelinating OLs at a decreasing rate throughout adult life in rodents. Adult OPCs respond to injury or disease by accelerating their cell cycle and increasing production of OLs to replace lost myelin. They also form synapses with unmyelinated axons and respond to electrical activity in those axons by generating more OLs and myelin locally. This experience-dependent "adaptive" myelination is important in some forms of plasticity and learning, for example, motor learning. We review the control of OL lineage development, including OL population dynamics and adaptive myelination in the adult CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwight E Bergles
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, WBSB 1001, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - William D Richardson
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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25
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Henshall TL, Keller A, He L, Johansson BR, Wallgard E, Raschperger E, Mäe MA, Jin S, Betsholtz C, Lendahl U. Notch3 is necessary for blood vessel integrity in the central nervous system. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 35:409-20. [PMID: 25477343 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.304849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) are important for contraction, blood flow distribution, and regulation of blood vessel diameter, but to what extent they contribute to the integrity of blood vessels and blood-brain barrier function is less well understood. In this report, we explored the impact of the loss of VSMC in the Notch3(-/-) mouse on blood vessel integrity in the central nervous system. APPROACH AND RESULTS Notch3(-/-) mice showed focal disruptions of the blood-brain barrier demonstrated by extravasation of tracers accompanied by fibrin deposition in the retinal vasculature. This blood-brain barrier leakage was accompanied by a regionalized and patchy loss of VSMC, with VSMC gaps predominantly in arterial resistance vessels of larger caliber. The loss of VSMC appeared to be caused by progressive degeneration of VSMC resulting in a gradual loss of VSMC marker expression and a progressive acquisition of an aberrant VSMC phenotype closer to the gaps, followed by enhanced apoptosis and cellular disintegration in the gaps. Arterial VSMC were the only mural cell type that was morphologically affected, despite Notch3 also being expressed in pericytes. Transcriptome analysis of isolated brain microvessels revealed gene expression changes in Notch3(-/-) mice consistent with loss of arterial VSMC and presumably secondary transcriptional changes were observed in endothelial genes, which may explain the compromised vascular integrity. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that Notch3 is important for survival of VSMC, and reveal a critical role for Notch3 and VSMC in blood vessel integrity and blood-brain barrier function in the mammalian vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya L Henshall
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (T.H., S.J., U.L.) and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Vascular Biology (C.B., E.R.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.K., L.H., E.R., M.A.M., C.B.); EM Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (B.R.J.); and Octapharma AB, Stockholm, Sweden (E.W.)
| | - Annika Keller
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (T.H., S.J., U.L.) and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Vascular Biology (C.B., E.R.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.K., L.H., E.R., M.A.M., C.B.); EM Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (B.R.J.); and Octapharma AB, Stockholm, Sweden (E.W.)
| | - Liqun He
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (T.H., S.J., U.L.) and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Vascular Biology (C.B., E.R.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.K., L.H., E.R., M.A.M., C.B.); EM Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (B.R.J.); and Octapharma AB, Stockholm, Sweden (E.W.)
| | - Bengt R Johansson
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (T.H., S.J., U.L.) and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Vascular Biology (C.B., E.R.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.K., L.H., E.R., M.A.M., C.B.); EM Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (B.R.J.); and Octapharma AB, Stockholm, Sweden (E.W.)
| | - Elisabet Wallgard
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (T.H., S.J., U.L.) and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Vascular Biology (C.B., E.R.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.K., L.H., E.R., M.A.M., C.B.); EM Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (B.R.J.); and Octapharma AB, Stockholm, Sweden (E.W.)
| | - Elisabeth Raschperger
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (T.H., S.J., U.L.) and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Vascular Biology (C.B., E.R.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.K., L.H., E.R., M.A.M., C.B.); EM Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (B.R.J.); and Octapharma AB, Stockholm, Sweden (E.W.)
| | - Maarja Andaloussi Mäe
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (T.H., S.J., U.L.) and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Vascular Biology (C.B., E.R.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.K., L.H., E.R., M.A.M., C.B.); EM Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (B.R.J.); and Octapharma AB, Stockholm, Sweden (E.W.)
| | - Shaobo Jin
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (T.H., S.J., U.L.) and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Vascular Biology (C.B., E.R.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.K., L.H., E.R., M.A.M., C.B.); EM Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (B.R.J.); and Octapharma AB, Stockholm, Sweden (E.W.)
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (T.H., S.J., U.L.) and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Vascular Biology (C.B., E.R.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.K., L.H., E.R., M.A.M., C.B.); EM Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (B.R.J.); and Octapharma AB, Stockholm, Sweden (E.W.).
| | - Urban Lendahl
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (T.H., S.J., U.L.) and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Vascular Biology (C.B., E.R.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.K., L.H., E.R., M.A.M., C.B.); EM Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (B.R.J.); and Octapharma AB, Stockholm, Sweden (E.W.).
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26
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Abstract
The zebrafish is a premier vertebrate model system that offers many experimental advantages for in vivo imaging and genetic studies. This review provides an overview of glial cell types in the central and peripheral nervous system of zebrafish. We highlight some recent work that exploited the strengths of the zebrafish system to increase the understanding of the role of Gpr126 in Schwann cell myelination and illuminate the mechanisms controlling oligodendrocyte development and myelination. We also summarize similarities and differences between zebrafish radial glia and mammalian astrocytes and consider the possibility that their distinct characteristics may represent extremes in a continuum of cell identity. Finally, we focus on the emergence of zebrafish as a model for elucidating the development and function of microglia. These recent studies have highlighted the power of the zebrafish system for analyzing important aspects of glial development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Lyons
- Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, United Kingdom
| | - William S Talbot
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
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27
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Schraut KG, Jakob SB, Weidner MT, Schmitt AG, Scholz CJ, Strekalova T, El Hajj N, Eijssen LMT, Domschke K, Reif A, Haaf T, Ortega G, Steinbusch HWM, Lesch KP, Van den Hove DL. Prenatal stress-induced programming of genome-wide promoter DNA methylation in 5-HTT-deficient mice. Transl Psychiatry 2014; 4:e473. [PMID: 25335169 PMCID: PMC4350514 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2014.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The serotonin transporter gene (5-HTT/SLC6A4)-linked polymorphic region has been suggested to have a modulatory role in mediating effects of early-life stress exposure on psychopathology rendering carriers of the low-expression short (s)-variant more vulnerable to environmental adversity in later life. The underlying molecular mechanisms of this gene-by-environment interaction are not well understood, but epigenetic regulation including differential DNA methylation has been postulated to have a critical role. Recently, we used a maternal restraint stress paradigm of prenatal stress (PS) in 5-HTT-deficient mice and showed that the effects on behavior and gene expression were particularly marked in the hippocampus of female 5-Htt+/- offspring. Here, we examined to which extent these effects are mediated by differential methylation of DNA. For this purpose, we performed a genome-wide hippocampal DNA methylation screening using methylated-DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) on Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse Promoter 1.0 R arrays. Using hippocampal DNA from the same mice as assessed before enabled us to correlate gene-specific DNA methylation, mRNA expression and behavior. We found that 5-Htt genotype, PS and their interaction differentially affected the DNA methylation signature of numerous genes, a subset of which showed overlap with the expression profiles of the corresponding transcripts. For example, a differentially methylated region in the gene encoding myelin basic protein (Mbp) was associated with its expression in a 5-Htt-, PS- and 5-Htt × PS-dependent manner. Subsequent fine-mapping of this Mbp locus linked the methylation status of two specific CpG sites to Mbp expression and anxiety-related behavior. In conclusion, hippocampal DNA methylation patterns and expression profiles of female prenatally stressed 5-Htt+/- mice suggest that distinct molecular mechanisms, some of which are promoter methylation-dependent, contribute to the behavioral effects of the 5-Htt genotype, PS exposure and their interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Schraut
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - S B Jakob
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - M T Weidner
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany,Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A G Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - C J Scholz
- Laboratory for Microarray Applications, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - T Strekalova
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands,Institute for Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, New University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - N El Hajj
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - L M T Eijssen
- Department of Bioinformatics-BiGCaT, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - K Domschke
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - A Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - T Haaf
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - G Ortega
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - H W M Steinbusch
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - K P Lesch
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany,Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands,Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany. E-mail:
| | - D L Van den Hove
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany,Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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28
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Walcott BP, Peterson RT. Zebrafish models of cerebrovascular disease. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2014; 34:571-7. [PMID: 24517974 PMCID: PMC3982096 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2014.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Perturbations in cerebral blood flow and abnormalities in blood vessel structure are the hallmarks of cerebrovascular disease. While there are many genetic and environmental factors that affect these entities through a heterogeneous group of disease processes, the ultimate final pathologic insult in humans is defined as a stroke, or damage to brain parenchyma. In the case of ischemic stroke, blood fails to reach its target destination whereas in hemorrhagic stroke, extravasation of blood occurs outside of the blood vessel lumen, resulting in direct damage to brain parenchyma. As these acute events can be neurologically devastating, if not fatal, development of novel therapeutics are urgently needed. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an attractive model for the study of cerebrovascular disease because of its morphological and physiological similarity to human cerebral vasculature, its ability to be genetically manipulated, and its fecundity allowing for large-scale, phenotype-based screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Walcott
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Randall T Peterson
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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29
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Quillien A, Moore JC, Shin M, Siekmann AF, Smith T, Pan L, Moens CB, Parsons MJ, Lawson ND. Distinct Notch signaling outputs pattern the developing arterial system. Development 2014; 141:1544-52. [PMID: 24598161 DOI: 10.1242/dev.099986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation of arteries and veins is essential for the development of a functional circulatory system. In vertebrate embryos, genetic manipulation of Notch signaling has demonstrated the importance of this pathway in driving artery endothelial cell differentiation. However, when and where Notch activation occurs to affect endothelial cell fate is less clear. Using transgenic zebrafish bearing a Notch-responsive reporter, we demonstrate that Notch is activated in endothelial progenitors during vasculogenesis prior to blood vessel morphogenesis and is maintained in arterial endothelial cells throughout larval stages. Furthermore, we find that endothelial progenitors in which Notch is activated are committed to a dorsal aorta fate. Interestingly, some arterial endothelial cells subsequently downregulate Notch signaling and then contribute to veins during vascular remodeling. Lineage analysis, together with perturbation of both Notch receptor and ligand function, further suggests several distinct developmental windows in which Notch signaling acts to promote artery commitment and maintenance. Together, these findings demonstrate that Notch acts in distinct contexts to initiate and maintain artery identity during embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelie Quillien
- Program in Gene Function and Expression, UMass Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
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30
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Wang Y, Pan L, Moens CB, Appel B. Notch3 establishes brain vascular integrity by regulating pericyte number. Development 2013; 141:307-17. [PMID: 24306108 DOI: 10.1242/dev.096107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Brain pericytes are important regulators of brain vascular integrity, permeability and blood flow. Deficiencies of brain pericytes are associated with neonatal intracranial hemorrhage in human fetuses, as well as stroke and neurodegeneration in adults. Despite the important functions of brain pericytes, the mechanisms underlying their development are not well understood and little is known about how pericyte density is regulated across the brain. The Notch signaling pathway has been implicated in pericyte development, but its exact roles remain ill defined. Here, we report an investigation of the Notch3 receptor using zebrafish as a model system. We show that zebrafish brain pericytes express notch3 and that notch3 mutant zebrafish have a deficit of brain pericytes and impaired blood-brain barrier function. Conditional loss- and gain-of-function experiments provide evidence that Notch3 signaling positively regulates brain pericyte proliferation. These findings establish a new role for Notch signaling in brain vascular development whereby Notch3 signaling promotes expansion of the brain pericyte population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Wang
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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