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Radoszkiewicz K, Rybkowska P, Szymanska M, Krzesniak NE, Sarnowska A. The influence of biomimetic conditions on neurogenic and neuroprotective properties of dedifferentiated fat cells. Stem Cells 2025; 43:sxae066. [PMID: 39576128 PMCID: PMC11811640 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxae066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2025]
Abstract
In the era of a constantly growing number of reports on the therapeutic properties of dedifferentiated, ontogenetically rejuvenated cells and their use in the treatment of neurological diseases, the optimization of their derivation and long-term culture methods seem to be crucial. One of the solutions is seen in the use of dedifferentiated fat cells (DFATs) that are characterized by a greater homogeneity. Moreover, these cells seem to possess a higher expression of transcriptional factors necessary to maintain pluripotency (stemness-related transcriptional factors) as well as a greater ability to differentiate in vitro into 3 embryonic germ layers, and a high proliferative potential in comparison to adipose stem/stromal cells. However, the neurogenic and neuroprotective potential of DFATs is still insufficiently understood; hence, our research goal was to contribute to our current knowledge of the subject. To recreate the brain's physiological (biomimetic) conditions, the cells were cultured at 5% oxygen concentration. The neural differentiation capacity of DFATs was assessed in the presence of the N21 supplement containing the factors that are typically found in the natural environment of the neural cell niche or in the presence of cerebrospinal fluid and under various spatial conditions (microprinting). The neuroprotective properties of DFATs were assessed using the coculture method with the ischemically damaged nerve tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Radoszkiewicz
- Translational Platform for Regenerative Medicine, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02‐106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Rybkowska
- Translational Platform for Regenerative Medicine, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02‐106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szymanska
- Translational Platform for Regenerative Medicine, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02‐106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Ewa Krzesniak
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Prof. W. Orlowski Memorial Hospital, 00‐416 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Sarnowska
- Translational Platform for Regenerative Medicine, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02‐106 Warsaw, Poland
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Jenkner S, Clark JM, Gronthos S, O’Hare Doig RL. Molars to Medicine: A Focused Review on the Pre-Clinical Investigation and Treatment of Secondary Degeneration following Spinal Cord Injury Using Dental Stem Cells. Cells 2024; 13:817. [PMID: 38786039 PMCID: PMC11119219 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) can result in the permanent loss of mobility, sensation, and autonomic function. Secondary degeneration after SCI both initiates and propagates a hostile microenvironment that is resistant to natural repair mechanisms. Consequently, exogenous stem cells have been investigated as a potential therapy for repairing and recovering damaged cells after SCI and other CNS disorders. This focused review highlights the contributions of mesenchymal (MSCs) and dental stem cells (DSCs) in attenuating various secondary injury sequelae through paracrine and cell-to-cell communication mechanisms following SCI and other types of neurotrauma. These mechanistic events include vascular dysfunction, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, apoptosis and cell loss, neuroinflammation, and structural deficits. The review of studies that directly compare MSC and DSC capabilities also reveals the superior capabilities of DSC in reducing the effects of secondary injury and promoting a favorable microenvironment conducive to repair and regeneration. This review concludes with a discussion of the current limitations and proposes improvements in the future assessment of stem cell therapy through the reporting of the effects of DSC viability and DSC efficacy in attenuating secondary damage after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Jenkner
- School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (S.J.); (S.G.)
- Neil Sachse Centre for Spinal Cord Research, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide 5000, Australia;
| | - Jillian Mary Clark
- Neil Sachse Centre for Spinal Cord Research, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide 5000, Australia;
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Stan Gronthos
- School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (S.J.); (S.G.)
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Ryan Louis O’Hare Doig
- Neil Sachse Centre for Spinal Cord Research, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide 5000, Australia;
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide 5000, Australia
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Bueno C, García-Bernal D, Martínez S, Blanquer M, Moraleda JM. The nuclei of human adult stem cells can move within the cell and generate cellular protrusions to contact other cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:32. [PMID: 38321563 PMCID: PMC10848534 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03638-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neuronal transdifferentiation of adult bone marrow cells (BMCs) is still considered an artifact based on an alternative explanation of experimental results supporting this phenomenon obtained over decades. However, recent studies have shown that following neural induction, BMCs enter an intermediate cellular state before adopting neural-like morphologies by active neurite extension and that binucleated BMCs can be formed independent of any cell fusion events. These findings provide evidence to reject the idea that BMC neural transdifferentiation is merely an experimental artifact. Therefore, understanding the intermediate states that cells pass through during transdifferentiation is crucial given their potential application in regenerative medicine and disease modelling. METHODS In this study, we examined the functional significance of the variety of morphologies and positioning that cell nuclei of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) can adopt during neural-like differentiation using live-cell nuclear fluorescence labelling, time-lapse microscopy, and confocal microscopy analysis. RESULTS Here, we showed that after neural induction, hBM-MSCs enter an intermediate cellular state in which the nuclei are able to move within the cells, switching shapes and positioning and even generating cellular protrusions as they attempt to contact the cells around them. These findings suggest that changes in nuclear positioning occur because human cell nuclei somehow sense their environment. In addition, we showed the process of direct interactions between cell nuclei, which opens the possibility of a new level of intercellular interaction. CONCLUSIONS The present study advances the understanding of the intermediate stage through which hBM-MSCs pass during neural transdifferentiation, which may be crucial to understanding the mechanisms of these cell conversion processes and eventually harness them for use in regenerative medicine. Importantly, our study provides for the first time evidence that the nuclei of hBM-MSC-derived intermediate cells somehow sense their environment, generating cellular protrusions to contact other cells. In summary, human mesenchymal stromal cells could not only help to increase our understanding of the mechanisms underlying cellular plasticity but also facilitate the exact significance of nuclear positioning in cellular function and in tissue physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Bueno
- Medicine Department and Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIB), University of Murcia, 30120, Murcia, Spain.
| | - David García-Bernal
- Medicine Department and Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIB), University of Murcia, 30120, Murcia, Spain
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Salvador Martínez
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante (UMH-CSIC), Universidad Miguel Hernandez, 03550, San Juan, Alicante, Spain
- Center of Biomedical Network Research on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010, Alicante, Spain
| | - Miguel Blanquer
- Medicine Department and Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIB), University of Murcia, 30120, Murcia, Spain
| | - José M Moraleda
- Medicine Department and Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIB), University of Murcia, 30120, Murcia, Spain
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Bueno C, Blanquer M, García-Bernal D, Martínez S, Moraleda JM. Binucleated human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells can be formed during neural-like differentiation with independence of any cell fusion events. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20615. [PMID: 36450873 PMCID: PMC9712539 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24996-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it has been reported that bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) can transdifferentiate into neural cells, the findings are considered unlikely. It has been argued that the rapid neural transdifferentiation of BMDCs reported in culture studies is actually due to cytotoxic changes induced by the media. While transplantation studies indicated that BMDCs can form new neurons, it remains unclear whether the underlying mechanism is transdifferentiation or BMDCs-derived cell fusion with the existing neuronal cells. Cell fusion has been put forward to explain the presence of gene-marked binucleated neurons after gene-marked BMDCs transplantation. In the present study, we demostrated that human BMDCs can rapidly adopt a neural-like morphology through active neurite extension and binucleated human BMDCs can form with independence of any cell fusion events. We also showed that BMDCs neural-like differentiation involves the formation of intermediate cells which can then redifferentiate into neural-like cells, redifferentiate back to the mesenchymal fate or even repeatedly switch lineages without cell division. Furthermore, we have discovered that nuclei from intermediate cells rapidly move within the cell, adopting different morphologies and even forming binucleated cells. Therefore, our results provide a stronger basis for rejecting the idea that BMDCs neural transdifferentiation is merely an artefact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Bueno
- grid.10586.3a0000 0001 2287 8496Medicine Department and Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIB), Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Miguel Blanquer
- grid.10586.3a0000 0001 2287 8496Medicine Department and Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIB), Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - David García-Bernal
- grid.10586.3a0000 0001 2287 8496Medicine Department and Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIB), Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain ,grid.10586.3a0000 0001 2287 8496Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Salvador Martínez
- grid.26811.3c0000 0001 0586 4893Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante (UMH-CSIC), Universidad Miguel Hernandez, 03550 San Juan, Alicante, Spain
| | - José M. Moraleda
- grid.10586.3a0000 0001 2287 8496Medicine Department and Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIB), Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
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Differentiation of human adult-derived stem cells towards a neural lineage involves a dedifferentiation event prior to differentiation to neural phenotypes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12034. [PMID: 34103613 PMCID: PMC8187441 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91566-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it has been reported that mesenchymal stem cells isolated from adult tissues can be induced to overcome their mesenchymal fate and transdifferentiate into neural cells, the findings and their interpretation have been challenged. The main argument against this process is that the cells rapidly adopt neuron-like morphologies through retraction of the cytoplasm rather than active neurite extension. In this study, we examined the sequence of biological events during neural differentiation of human periodontal ligament-derived stem cells (hPDLSCs), human bone marrow-derived stem cells (hBMSCs) and human dental pulp-derived stem cells (hDPSCs) by time-lapse microscopy. We have demonstrated that hPDLSCs, hBMSCs and hDPSCs can directly differentiate into neuron-like cells without passing through a mitotic stage and that they shrink dramatically and change their morphology to that of neuron-like cells through active neurite extension. Furthermore, we observed micronuclei movement and transient cell nuclei lobulation concurrent to in vitro neurogenesis from hBMSCs and hDPSCs. Our results demonstrate that the differentiation of hPDLSCs, hBMSCs and hDPSCs towards a neural lineage occurs through a dedifferentiation step followed by differentiation to neural phenotypes, and therefore we definitively confirm that the rapid acquisition of the neural phenotype is via a differentiation trait.
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A Two-Stage Process for Differentiation of Wharton's Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Neuronal-like Cells. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:6631651. [PMID: 34135973 PMCID: PMC8177978 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6631651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
With no permanent cure for neurodegenerative diseases, the symptoms reappear shortly after the withdrawal of medicines. A better treatment outcome can be expected if the damaged neurons are partly replaced by functional neurons and/or they are repaired using trophic factors. In this regard, safe cell therapy has been considered as a potential alternative to conventional treatment. Here, we have described a two-stage culture process to differentiate Wharton Jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) into neuronal-like cells in the presence of various cues involved in neurogenesis. The fate of cells at the end of each stage was analyzed at the morphometric, transcriptional, and translational levels. In the first stage of priming, constitutively, wingless-activated WJ-MSCs crossed the lineage boundary in favor of neuroectodermal lineage, identified by the loss of mesenchymal genes with concomitant expression of neuron-specific markers, like SOX1, PAX6, NTRK1, and NEUROD2. Neuronal-like cells formed in the second stage expressed many mature neuronal proteins like Map2, neurofilament, and Tuj1 and possessed axon hillock-like structures. In conclusion, the differentiation of a large number of neuronal-like cells from nontumorigenic and trophic factors secreting WJ-MSCs promises the development of a therapeutic strategy to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
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Cheng H, Huang Y, Chen W, Che J, Liu T, Na J, Wang R, Fan Y. Cyclic Strain and Electrical Co-stimulation Improve Neural Differentiation of Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:624755. [PMID: 34055769 PMCID: PMC8150581 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.624755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated the combinatorial effect of cyclic strain and electrical stimulation on neural differentiation potential of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) under epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) inductions in vitro. We developed a prototype device which can provide cyclic strain and electrical signal synchronously. Using this system, we demonstrated that cyclic strain and electrical co-stimulation promote the differentiation of BMCSs into neural cells with more branches and longer neurites than strain or electrical stimulation alone. Strain and electrical co-stimulation can also induce a higher expression of neural markers in terms of transcription and protein level. Neurotrophic factors and the intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) are also upregulated with co-stimulation. Importantly, the co-stimulation further enhances the calcium influx of neural differentiated BMSCs when responding to acetylcholine and potassium chloride (KCl). Finally, the phosphorylation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1 and 2 and protein kinase B (AKT) was elevated under co-stimulation treatment. The present work suggests a synergistic effect of the combination of cyclic strain and electrical stimulation on BMSC neuronal differentiation and provides an alternative approach to physically manipulate stem cell differentiation into mature and functional neural cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Cheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Jifei Che
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Taidong Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Na
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruojin Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
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Phenotypical Characterization and Neurogenic Differentiation of Rabbit Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12030431. [PMID: 33802902 PMCID: PMC8002684 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the rabbit is a frequently used biological model, the phenotype of rabbit adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rAT-MSCs) is not well characterized. One of the reasons is the absence of specific anti-rabbit antibodies. The study aimed to characterize rAT-MSCs using flow cytometry and PCR methods, especially digital droplet PCR, which confirmed the expression of selected markers at the mRNA level. A combination of these methods validated the expression of MSCs markers (CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90 and CD105). In addition, cells were also positive for CD49f, vimentin, desmin, α-SMA, ALDH and also for the pluripotent markers: NANOG, OCT4 and SOX2. Moreover, the present study proved the ability of rAT-MSCs to differentiate into a neurogenic lineage based on the confirmed expression of neuronal markers ENO2 and MAP2. Obtained results suggest that rAT-MSCs have, despite the slight differences in marker expression, the similar phenotype as human AT-MSCs and possess the neurodifferentiation ability. Accordingly, rAT-MSCs should be subjected to further studies with potential application in veterinary medicine but also, in case of their cryopreservation, as a source of genetic information of endangered species stored in the gene bank.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Bueno
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante (UMH-CSIC), San Juan, Alicante, Spain
| | - Salvador Martínez
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante (UMH-CSIC), San Juan, Alicante, Spain
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Zheng Y, Zhang F, Deng C, Wei Z. [Research progress on effects of high glucose microenvironment on biological activity of adipose-derived stem cells]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2020; 34:1602-1606. [PMID: 33319543 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202003094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective To summarize the research progress of the effects of high glucose microenvironment on the biological activity of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). Methods The literature on the high glucose microenvironment and ADSCs at home and abroad in recent years was reviewed, and the effects of high glucose microenvironment on the general characteristics, differentiation potential, angiogenesis, and nerve regeneration of ADSCs were summarized. Results The accumulation of advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) in the high glucose microenvironment led to changes in the biological activities of ADSCs through various pathways, including cell surface markers, proliferation, migration, multi-lineage differentiation, secretory function, and tissue repair ability. The ability of ADSCs to promote angiogenesis and nerve regeneration in high glucose microenvironment is still controversial. Conclusion High glucose microenvironment can affect the biological activity of ADSCs, and the effect and mechanism of ADSCs on angiogenesis and nerve regeneration in high glucose microenvironment need to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Zheng
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou, 563000, P.R.China
| | - Fengling Zhang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou, 563000, P.R.China
| | - Chengliang Deng
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou, 563000, P.R.China
| | - Zairong Wei
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou, 563000, P.R.China
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Choudhary P, Gupta A, Singh S. Therapeutic Advancement in Neuronal Transdifferentiation of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Neurological Disorders. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 71:889-901. [PMID: 33047251 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01714-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders have become the leading cause of chronic pain and death. Treatments available are not sufficient to help the patients as they only alleviate the symptoms and not the cause. In this regard, stem cells therapy has emerged as an upcoming option for the replacement of dead and damaged neurons. Stem cells, in general, are characterized as cells exhibiting potency properties, i.e., on being subjected to specific conditions they transform into cells of another lineage. Of all the types, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known for their pluripotent nature without the obstacle of ethical concern surrounding the procurement of other cell types. Although fibroblasts are quite similar to MSCs morphologically, certain markers like CD73, CD 90 are specific to MSCs, making both the cell types distinguishable from each other. This is implemented while procuring MSCs from a plethora of sources like umbilical cord blood, adipose tissue, bone marrow, etc. Among these, bone marrow MSCs are the most widely used type for neural regeneration. Neural regeneration is achieved via transdifferentiation. Several studies have either transplanted the stem cells into rodent models or have carried out transdifferentiation in vitro. The process involves a combination of growth factors, pre-treatment factors, and neuronal differentiation inducing mediums. The results obtained are characterized by neuron-like morphology, expression of markers, along with electrophysical activity in some. Recent attempts involve exploring biomaterials that may mimic the native ECM and therefore can be directly introduced at the site of interest. The review gives a brief description of MSCs, their sources and markers, and the different attempts that have been made towards achieving the goal of differentiating MSCs into neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Princy Choudhary
- Applied Science Department, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, UP, India
| | - Ayushi Gupta
- Applied Science Department, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, UP, India
| | - Sangeeta Singh
- Applied Science Department, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, UP, India.
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Turnbull G, Clarke J, Picard F, Zhang W, Riches P, Li B, Shu W. 3D biofabrication for soft tissue and cartilage engineering. Med Eng Phys 2020; 82:13-39. [PMID: 32709263 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Soft tissue injuries (STIs) affect patients of all age groups and represent a common worldwide clinical problem, resulting from conditions including trauma, infection, cancer and burns. Within the spectrum of STIs a mixture of tissues can be injured, ranging from skin to underlying nerves, blood vessels, tendons and cartilaginous tissues. However, significant limitations affect current treatment options and clinical demand for soft tissue and cartilage regenerative therapies continues to rise. Improving the regeneration of soft tissues has therefore become a key area of focus within tissue engineering. As an emerging technology, 3D bioprinting can be used to build complex soft tissue constructs "from the bottom up," by depositing cells, growth factors, extracellular matrices and other biomaterials in a layer-by-layer fashion. In this way, regeneration of cartilage, skin, vasculature, nerves, tendons and other bodily tissues can be performed in a patient specific manner. This review will focus on recent use of 3D bioprinting and other biofabrication strategies in soft tissue repair and regeneration. Biofabrication of a variety of soft tissue types will be reviewed following an overview of available cell sources, bioinks and bioprinting techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth Turnbull
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wolfson Building, University of Strathclyde, 106 Rottenrow, Glasgow G4 0NW, United Kingdom; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Agamemnon St, Clydebank G81 4DY, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Clarke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Agamemnon St, Clydebank G81 4DY, United Kingdom
| | - Frédéric Picard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wolfson Building, University of Strathclyde, 106 Rottenrow, Glasgow G4 0NW, United Kingdom; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Agamemnon St, Clydebank G81 4DY, United Kingdom
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Philip Riches
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wolfson Building, University of Strathclyde, 106 Rottenrow, Glasgow G4 0NW, United Kingdom
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenmiao Shu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wolfson Building, University of Strathclyde, 106 Rottenrow, Glasgow G4 0NW, United Kingdom.
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13
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Aali E, Madjd Z, Tekiyehmaroof N, Sharifi AM. Control of Hyperglycemia Using Differentiated and Undifferentiated Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Rats with Type 1 Diabetes. Cells Tissues Organs 2020; 209:13-25. [PMID: 32634811 DOI: 10.1159/000507790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their ability in self-renewing and differentiation into a wide variety of tissues, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit outstanding potential for regenerative medicine. This study was aimed at investigating different aspects of MSC therapy in controlling hyperglycemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetes rats. Using an islet cell differentiation protocol, bone marrow (BM) MSCs were differentiated into insulin-producing cells (IPCs). The differentiation process was evaluated by immunocytochemistry, reverse transcriptase PCR, and dithizone staining. Diabetic animals in 4 diabetic individual groups received normal saline, BM-MSCs, coadministration of BM-MSCs with supernatant, and IPCs. Blood glucose and insulin levels were monitored during the experiment. Immunohistochemical analysis of the pancreas was performed at the end of the experiment. Administration of BM-MSCs could not reverse glucose and insulin levels in experimental animals as efficiently as cotransplantation of BM-MSCs with supernatant. The effect of coadministration of BM-MSCs with supernatant and transplantation of IPCs on controlling hyperglycemia is comparable. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that number and size of islets per section were significantly increased in groups receiving IPCs and BM-MSC-supernatant compared to the MSC group of animals. In conclusion, coadministration of BM-MSCs with supernatant could be used as efficiently as IPC transplantation in controlling hyperglycemia in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Aali
- Department of Pharmacology, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Zahra Madjd
- Department of Pathology, Oncology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Tekiyehmaroof
- Razi Drug Research Center and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Sharifi
- Razi Drug Research Center and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
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14
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The Cellular and Molecular Patterns Involved in the Neural Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1298:23-41. [PMID: 32514816 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2020_547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Injuries to the nervous system cause serious problems among affected patients by preventing them from the possibility of living a normal life. As this tissue possesses a reduced capacity of self-regeneration currently, lots of different strategies are being developed in order to make the regeneration in the nervous system possible. Among them, tissue engineering and stem cell-based therapies are to date very exploded fields and tremendous progress has been made in this direction. As the two main components of the nervous system, react differently to injuries and behave different during disease, it is clear that two separate regeneration approaches have been taken into consideration during development of treatment. Special attention is constantly given to the potential of adipose-derived stem cells for this kind of application. Due to the fact that they present remarkable properties, they can easily be obtained and have demonstrated that are capable of engaging in neural and glial lineages, adipose-derived stem cells are promising tools for the field of nervous system regeneration. Moreover, new insights into epigenetic control and modifications during the differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells towards the neural liege could provide new methods to maximize the regeneration process. In this review, we summarize the current applications of adipose-derived stem cells for neural regeneration and discuss in-depth molecular patterns involved in the differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells in neuron-like cells and Schwann-like cells.
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15
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Zhu Q, Lu P. Stem Cell Transplantation for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1266:71-97. [PMID: 33105496 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-4370-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a motor neuronal degeneration disease, in which the death of motor neurons causes lost control of voluntary muscles. The consequence is weakness of muscles with a wide range of disabilities and eventually death. Most patients died within 5 years after diagnosis, and there is no cure for this devastating neurodegenerative disease up to date. Stem cells, including non-neural stem cells and neural stem cells (NSCs) or neural progenitor cells (NPCs), are very attractive cell sources for potential neuroprotection and motor neuron replacement therapy which bases on the idea that transplant-derived and newly differentiated motor neurons can replace lost motor neurons to re-establish voluntary motor control of muscles in ALS. Our recent studies show that transplanted NSCs or NPCs not only survive well in injured spinal cord, but also function as neuronal relays to receive regenerated host axonal connection and extend their own axons to host for connectivity, including motor axons in ventral root. This reciprocal connection between host neurons and transplanted neurons provides a strong rationale for neuronal replacement therapy for ALS to re-establish voluntary motor control of muscles. In addition, a variety of new stem cell resources and the new methodologies to generate NSCs or motor neuron-specific progenitor cells have been discovered and developed. Together, it provides the basis for motor neuron replacement therapy with NSCs or NPCs in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhu
- Ludwig Institute, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Paul Lu
- Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA. .,Department of Neurosciences, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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16
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Radhakrishnan S, Trentz OA, Reddy MS, Rela M, Kandasamy M, Sellathamby S. In vitro transdifferentiation of human adipose tissue-derived stem cells to neural lineage cells - a stage-specific incidence. Adipocyte 2019; 8:164-177. [PMID: 31033391 PMCID: PMC6768268 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2019.1607424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The present Study investigated the intrinsic ability of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and their neural transdifferentiation in a stage-specific manner. Woodbury's Chemical induction was implemented with modifications to achieve neural transdifferentiation. In Group I, ADSCs were preinduced with β-mercaptoethanol (β-ME) and later, with neural induction medium (NIM). In Group II, ADSCs were directly treated with NIM. In Group III, a DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor 5-azacytidine was applied to understand whether transdifferentiation is controlled by epigenetic marks. Irrespective of the presence of (β-ME), the differentiation protocol resulted in glial-lineage cells. Group III produced poorly -differentiated neural cells with neuron-specific enolase positivity. A neuroprogenitor stage (NPC) was identified at d 11 after induction only in Group I. In other groups, this stage was not morphologically distinct. We explored the stage-specific incidence NPC, by alternatively treating them with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and antioxidants to validate if different signalling could cause varied outcomes (Group IV). They differentiated into neurons, as defined by cell polarity and expression of specific proteins. Meanwhile, neuroprogenitors exposed to NIM (Group I) produced glial-lineage cells. Further refinement and study of the occurrence and terminal differentiation of neuroprogenitors would identify a promising source for neural tissue replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subathra Radhakrishnan
- National Foundation for Liver Research (NFLR), Gleneagles Global Health City, Chennai, India
- Department of Biomedical Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Omana Anna Trentz
- MIOT Institute of Research (MIR), MIOT International, Chennai, India
| | - Mettu Srinivas Reddy
- National Foundation for Liver Research (NFLR), Gleneagles Global Health City, Chennai, India
- Institute of Liver Disease and Transplantation, Gleneagles Global Health City, Chennai, India
| | - Mohamed Rela
- National Foundation for Liver Research (NFLR), Gleneagles Global Health City, Chennai, India
- Institute of Liver Disease and Transplantation, Gleneagles Global Health City, Chennai, India
| | - Mahesh Kandasamy
- Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
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17
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Adult Human Liver: Hype or Hope? Cells 2019; 8:cells8101127. [PMID: 31546729 PMCID: PMC6830330 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases constitute a significant economic, social, and biomedical burden. Among commonly adopted approaches, only organ transplantation can radically help patients with end-stage liver pathologies. Cell therapy with hepatocytes as a treatment for chronic liver disease has demonstrated promising results. However, quality human hepatocytes are in short supply. Stem/progenitor cells capable of differentiating into functionally active hepatocytes provide an attractive alternative approach to cell therapy for liver diseases, as well as to liver-tissue engineering, drug screening, and basic research. The application of methods generally used to isolate mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and maintain them in culture to human liver tissue provides cells, designated here as liver MSCs. They have much in common with MSCs from other tissues, but differ in two aspects-expression of a range of hepatocyte-specific genes and, possibly, inherent commitment to hepatogenic differentiation. The aim of this review is to analyze data regarding liver MSCs, probably another type of liver stem/progenitor cells different from hepatic stellate cells or so-called hepatic progenitor cells. The review presents an analysis of the phenotypic characteristics of liver MSCs, their differentiation and therapeutic potential, methods for isolating these cells from human liver, and discusses issues of their origin and heterogeneity. Human liver MSCs are a fascinating object of fundamental research with a potential for important practical applications.
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18
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Gao S, Guo X, Zhao S, Jin Y, Zhou F, Yuan P, Cao L, Wang J, Qiu Y, Sun C, Kang Z, Gao F, Xu W, Hu X, Yang D, Qin Y, Ning K, Shaw PJ, Zhong G, Cheng L, Zhu H, Gao Z, Chen X, Xu J. Differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells into neuron/motoneuron-like cells for cell replacement therapy of spinal cord injury. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:597. [PMID: 31395857 PMCID: PMC6687731 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1772-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) are increasingly presumed to be a prospective stem cell source for cell replacement therapy in various degenerative and/or traumatic diseases. The potential of trans-differentiating hADSCs into motor neuron cells indisputably provides an alternative way for spinal cord injury (SCI) treatment. In the present study, a stepwise and efficient hADSC trans-differentiation protocol with retinoic acid (RA), sonic hedgehog (SHH), and neurotrophic factors were developed. With this protocol hADSCs could be converted into electrophysiologically active motoneuron-like cells (hADSC-MNs), which expressed both a cohort of pan neuronal markers and motor neuron specific markers. Moreover, after being primed for neuronal differentiation with RA/SHH, hADSCs were transplanted into SCI mouse model and they survived, migrated, and integrated into injured site and led to partial functional recovery of SCI mice. When ablating the transplanted hADSC-MNs harboring HSV-TK-mCherry overexpression system with antivirial Ganciclovir (GCV), functional relapse was detected by motor-evoked potential (MEP) and BMS assays, implying that transplanted hADSC-MNs participated in rebuilding the neural circuits, which was further confirmed by retrograde neuronal tracing system (WGA). GFP-labeled hADSC-MNs were subjected to whole-cell patch-clamp recording in acute spinal cord slice preparation and both action potentials and synaptic activities were recorded, which further confirmed that those pre-conditioned hADSCs indeed became functionally active neurons in vivo. As well, transplanted hADSC-MNs largely prevented the formation of injury-induced cavities and exerted obvious immune-suppression effect as revealed by preventing astrocyte reactivation and favoring the secretion of a spectrum of anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Our work suggests that hADSCs can be readily transformed into MNs in vitro, and stay viable in spinal cord of the SCI mouse and exert multi-therapeutic effects by rebuilding the broken circuitry and optimizing the microenvironment through immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Gao
- East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Xuanxuan Guo
- East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Simeng Zhao
- iHuman Institute, Shanghai Science and Technology University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yinpeng Jin
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, JinShan, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Ping Yuan
- Tongji hospital affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Limei Cao
- Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jian Wang
- East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Yue Qiu
- East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Chenxi Sun
- East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Zhanrong Kang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Fengjuan Gao
- Zhoupu hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Tongji hospital affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Tongji hospital affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Danjing Yang
- East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Ying Qin
- East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Ke Ning
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385A Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Pamela J Shaw
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385A Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Guisheng Zhong
- iHuman Institute, Shanghai Science and Technology University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Liming Cheng
- Tongji hospital affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China.
| | - Hongwen Zhu
- Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300211, China. .,BOE Technology Group Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100176, China.
| | - Zhengliang Gao
- Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Xu Chen
- Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Jun Xu
- East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China.
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19
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Wei ZJ, Fan BY, Liu Y, Ding H, Tang HS, Pan DY, Shi JX, Zheng PY, Shi HY, Wu H, Li A, Feng SQ. MicroRNA changes of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells differentiated into neuronal-like cells by Schwann cell-conditioned medium. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1462-1469. [PMID: 30964074 PMCID: PMC6524508 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.253532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into neurons under the induction of Schwann cells. However, key microRNAs and related pathways for differentiation remain unclear. This study screened and identified differentially expressed microRNAs in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells induced by Schwann cell-conditioned medium, and explored targets and related pathways involved in their differentiation into neuronal-like cells. Primary bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from femoral and tibial bones, while primary Schwann cells were isolated from bilateral saphenous nerves. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were cultured in unconditioned (control group) and Schwann cell-conditioned medium (bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell + Schwann cell group). Neuronal differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells induced by Schwann cell-conditioned medium was observed by time-lapse imaging. Upon induction, the morphology of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells changed into a neural shape with neurites. Results of quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction revealed that nestin mRNA expression was upregulated from 1 to 3 days and downregulated from 3 to 7 days in the bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell + Schwann cell group. Compared with the control group, microtubule-associated protein 2 mRNA expression gradually increased from 1 to 7 days in the bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell + Schwann cell group. After 7 days of induction, microRNA analysis identified 83 significantly differentially expressed microRNAs between the two groups. Gene Ontology analysis indicated enrichment of microRNA target genes for neuronal projection development, regulation of axonogenesis, and positive regulation of cell proliferation. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis demonstrated that Hippo, Wnt, transforming growth factor-beta, and Hedgehog signaling pathways were potentially associated with neural differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. This study, which carried out successful microRNA analysis of neuronal-like cells differentiated from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells by Schwann cell induction, revealed key microRNAs and pathways involved in neural differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. All protocols were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences on March 12, 2017 (approval number: DWLI-20170311).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jian Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bao-You Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Han Ding
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao-Shuai Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Da-Yu Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia-Xiao Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng-Yuan Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong-Yu Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Heng Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Shi-Qing Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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20
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Mukhamedshina YO, Gracheva OA, Mukhutdinova DM, Chelyshev YA, Rizvanov AA. Mesenchymal stem cells and the neuronal microenvironment in the area of spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:227-237. [PMID: 30531002 PMCID: PMC6301181 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.244778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based technologies are used as a therapeutic strategy in spinal cord injury (SCI). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which secrete various neurotrophic factors and cytokines, have immunomodulatory, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects, modulate reactivity/phenotype of astrocytes and the microglia, thereby promoting neuroregeneration seem to be the most promising. The therapeutic effect of MSCs is due to a paracrine mechanism of their action, therefore the survival of MSCs and their secretory phenotype is of particular importance. Nevertheless, these data are not always reported in efficacy studies of MSC therapy in SCI. Here, we provide a review with summaries of preclinical trials data evaluating the efficacy of MSCs in animal models of SCI. Based on the data collected, we have tried (1) to establish the behavior of MSCs after transplantation in SCI with an evaluation of cell survival, migration potential, distribution in the area of injured and intact tissue and possible differentiation; (2) to determine the effects MSCs on neuronal microenvironment and correlate them with the efficacy of functional recovery in SCI; (3) to ascertain the conditions under which MSCs demonstrate their best survival and greatest efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana O Mukhamedshina
- OpenLab Gene and Cell Technologies, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University; Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Olga A Gracheva
- Department of Therapy and Clinical Diagnostics with radiology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bauman Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine, Kazan, Russia
| | - Dina M Mukhutdinova
- Department of Therapy and Clinical Diagnostics with radiology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bauman Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine, Kazan, Russia
| | - Yurii A Chelyshev
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Albert A Rizvanov
- OpenLab Gene and Cell Technologies, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
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21
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Kato H, Minamizato H, Ohno H, Ohira Y, Izawa T. Exercise ameliorates high-fat diet-induced impairment of differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells into neuron-like cells in rats. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:1452-1460. [PMID: 30076718 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) can differentiate into neurons under particular conditions. It remains largely unknown whether this differentiation potential is affected by physical conditions such as obesity, which modulates the functions of adipose tissue. In this study, we determined the impact of either a 9-week high-fat diet (60% fat; HFD) or 9-week exercise training on the differentiation potential of ADSCs into neuron-like cells in male Wistar rats. Rats were randomly assigned to a normal diet-fed (ND-SED) group, HFD-fed (HFD-SED) group, or exercise-trained HFD-fed group (HFD-EX). After a 9-week intervention, ADSCs from all groups differentiated into neuron-like cells. Expression of neuronal marker proteins (nestin, βIII-tubulin, and microtubule-associated protein 2 [MAP2]) and the average length of cell neurites were lower in cells from HFD-SED rats than in other groups. Instead, protein expression of COX IV and Cyt-c, the Bax/Bcl-2 and LC3-II/I ratio, and the malondialdehyde level in culture medium were higher in cells from HFD-SED rats. No significant difference between ND-SED and HFD-EX rats was observed, except for the average length of cell neurites in MAP2. Thus, HFD impaired the differentiation potential of ADSCs into neuron-like cells, which was accompanied by increases in apoptotic activity and oxidative stress. Importantly, exercise training ameliorated the HFD-induced impairment of neurogenesis in ADSCs. The adipose tissue microenvironment could influence the differentiation potential of ADSCs, a source of autologous stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Kato
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan.,Organization for Research Initiatives and Development, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Minamizato
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideki Ohno
- Social Medical Corporation Foundation "Yamatokai,", Higashiyamato, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Ohira
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Izawa
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan.,Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan
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22
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Turac G, Duruksu G, Karaoz E. The Effect of Recombinant Tyrosine Hydroxylase Expression on the Neurogenic Differentiation Potency of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Neurospine 2018; 15:42-53. [PMID: 29656620 PMCID: PMC5944638 DOI: 10.14245/ns.1836010.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is a rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine synthesis, making the enhancement of its activity a target for ensuring sufficient dopamine levels. Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBM-MSCs) are known to synthesize TH after differentiating into neuronal cells through chemical induction, but the effect of its ectopic expression on these cells has not yet been determined. This study investigated the effects of ectopic recombinant TH expression on the stemness characteristics of rBM-MSCs.
Methods After cloning, a cell line with stable TH expression was maintained, and the proliferation, the gene expression profile, and differentiation potential of rBM-MSCs were analyzed. Analysis of the cells showed an increment in the proliferation rate that could be reversed by the neutralization of TH.
Results The constitutive expression of TH in rBM-MSCs was successfully implemented, without significantly affecting their osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential. TH expression improved the expression of other neuronal markers, such as glial fibrillary acidic protein, β-tubulin, nestin, and c-Fos, confirming the neurogenic differentiation capacity of the stem cells. The expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) significantly increased after the chemical induction of neurogenic differentiation.
Conclusion In this study, the expression of recombinant TH improved the neuroprotective effect of MSCs by upregulating the expression of BDNF and CNTF. Although the neuronal markers were upregulated, the expression of recombinant TH alone in rBM-MSCs was not sufficient for MSCs to differentiate into neurogenic cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Turac
- Center for Stem Cell and Gene Therapies Research and Practice, Kocaeli University, İzmit, Kocaeli, Turkey.,Department of Stem Cell, Institute of Health Sciences, Kocaeli University, İzmit, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Duruksu
- Center for Stem Cell and Gene Therapies Research and Practice, Kocaeli University, İzmit, Kocaeli, Turkey.,Department of Stem Cell, Institute of Health Sciences, Kocaeli University, İzmit, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Erdal Karaoz
- Liv Hospital, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research and Manufacturing, İstanbul, Turkey.,Department of Histology & Embryology, İstinye University, Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
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23
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Shall G, Menosky M, Decker S, Nethala P, Welchko R, Leveque X, Lu M, Sandstrom M, Hochgeschwender U, Rossignol J, Dunbar G. Effects of Passage Number and Differentiation Protocol on the Generation of Dopaminergic Neurons from Rat Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19030720. [PMID: 29498713 PMCID: PMC5877581 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple studies have demonstrated the ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to differentiate into dopamine-producing cells, in vitro and in vivo, indicating their potential to be used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, there are discrepancies among studies regarding the optimal time (i.e., passage number) and method for dopaminergic induction, in vitro. In the current study, we compared the ability of early (P4) and later (P40) passaged bone marrow-derived MSCs to differentiate into dopaminergic neurons using two growth-factor-based approaches. A direct dopaminergic induction (DDI) was used to directly convert MSCs into dopaminergic neurons, and an indirect dopaminergic induction (IDI) was used to direct MSCs toward a neuronal lineage prior to terminal dopaminergic differentiation. Results indicate that both early and later passaged MSCs exhibited positive expression of neuronal and dopaminergic markers following either the DDI or IDI protocols. Additionally, both early and later passaged MSCs released dopamine and exhibited spontaneous neuronal activity following either the DDI or IDI. Still, P4 MSCs exhibited significantly higher spiking and bursting frequencies as compared to P40 MSCs. Findings from this study provide evidence that early passaged MSCs, which have undergone the DDI, are more efficient at generating dopaminergic-like cells in vitro, as compared to later passaged MSCs or MSCs that have undergone the IDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Shall
- Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
- Neuroscience Program, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
| | - Megan Menosky
- Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
- Neuroscience Program, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
| | - Sarah Decker
- Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
- Neuroscience Program, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
| | - Priya Nethala
- Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
- Neuroscience Program, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
| | - Ryan Welchko
- Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
- Neuroscience Program, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
| | - Xavier Leveque
- Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
- Neuroscience Program, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
| | - Ming Lu
- Neuroscience Program, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
| | - Michael Sandstrom
- Neuroscience Program, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
- College of Humanities and Social and Behavioral Sciences, Psychology Department, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
| | - Ute Hochgeschwender
- Neuroscience Program, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
- College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859 USA.
- Field Neurosciences Institute, 4677 Towne Centre Rd. Suite 101, Saginaw, MI 48604, USA.
| | - Julien Rossignol
- Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
- Neuroscience Program, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
- College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859 USA.
| | - Gary Dunbar
- Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
- Neuroscience Program, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
- College of Humanities and Social and Behavioral Sciences, Psychology Department, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
- College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859 USA.
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24
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Becker C, Laeufer T, Arikkat J, Jakse G. TGFβ-1 and epithelial-mesenchymal interactions promote smooth muscle gene expression in bone marrow stromal cells: Possible application in therapies for urological defects. Int J Artif Organs 2018; 31:951-9. [DOI: 10.1177/039139880803101105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Purpose For regenerative and cellular therapies of the urinary tract system, autologous bladder smooth muscle cells (SMCs) have several limitations, including constricted in vitro proliferation capacity and, more importantly, inability to be used in malignant conditions. The use of in vitro (pre-)differentiated multipotential adult progenitor cells may help to overcome the shortcomings associated with primary cells. Methods By mimicking environmental conditions of the bladder wall, we investigated in vitro effects of growth factor applications and epithelial-mesenchymal interactions on smooth muscle gene expression and on the morphological appearance of adherent bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Results Transcription growth factor beta-1 (TGFβ-1) upregulated the transcription of myogenic gene desmin and smooth muscle actin-γ2 in cultured BMSCs. Stimulatory effects were significantly increased by coculture with urothelial cells. Prolonged stimulation times and epigenetic modifications further enhanced transcription levels, indicating a dose-response relationship. Immunocytochemical staining of in vitro-differentiated BMSCs revealed expression of myogenic protein α-smooth muscle actin and desmin, and changes in morphological appearance from a fusiform convex shape to a laminar flattened shape with filamentous inclusions similar to the appearance of bladder SMCs. In contrast to the TGFβ-1 action, application of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) did not affect the cells. Conclusions The combined application of TGFβ-1 and epithelial-mesenchymal interactions promoted in vitro outgrowth of cells with a smooth muscle-like phenotype from a selected adherent murine bone marrow-derived cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Becker
- Department of Urology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen - Germany
| | - T. Laeufer
- Department of Urology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen - Germany
| | - J. Arikkat
- Department of Urology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen - Germany
| | - G. Jakse
- Department of Urology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen - Germany
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25
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Dietrich J, Baryawno N, Nayyar N, Valtis YK, Yang B, Ly I, Besnard A, Severe N, Gustafsson KU, Andronesi OC, Batchelor TT, Sahay A, Scadden DT. Bone marrow drives central nervous system regeneration after radiation injury. J Clin Invest 2017; 128:281-293. [PMID: 29202481 DOI: 10.1172/jci90647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nervous system injury is a frequent result of cancer therapy involving cranial irradiation, leaving patients with marked memory and other neurobehavioral disabilities. Here, we report an unanticipated link between bone marrow and brain in the setting of radiation injury. Specifically, we demonstrate that bone marrow-derived monocytes and macrophages are essential for structural and functional repair mechanisms, including regeneration of cerebral white matter and improvement in neurocognitive function. Using a granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) receptor knockout mouse model in combination with bone marrow cell transplantation, MRI, and neurocognitive functional assessments, we demonstrate that bone marrow-derived G-CSF-responsive cells home to the injured brain and are critical for altering neural progenitor cells and brain repair. Additionally, compared with untreated animals, animals that received G-CSF following radiation injury exhibited enhanced functional brain repair. Together, these results demonstrate that, in addition to its known role in defense and debris removal, the hematopoietic system provides critical regenerative drive to the brain that can be modulated by clinically available agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorg Dietrich
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurology and Division of Neuro-Oncology, MGH, and
| | - Ninib Baryawno
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Naema Nayyar
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yannis K Valtis
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Betty Yang
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ina Ly
- Department of Neurology and Division of Neuro-Oncology, MGH, and
| | - Antoine Besnard
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicolas Severe
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Karin U Gustafsson
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ovidiu C Andronesi
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Biomedical Imaging Center, MGH, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Amar Sahay
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David T Scadden
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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26
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Wang Z, Boddeda A, Parker B, Samanipour R, Ghosh S, Menard F, Kim K. A High-Resolution Minimicroscope System for Wireless Real-Time Monitoring. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2017; 65:1524-1531. [PMID: 28880156 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2017.2749040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Compact, cost-effective, and high-performance microscope that enables the real-time imaging of cells and lab-on-a-chip devices is highly demanded for cell biology and biomedical engineering. This paper aims to present the design and application of an inexpensive wireless minimicroscope with resolution up to 2592 × 1944 pixels and speed up to 90 f/s. METHODS The minimicroscope system was built on a commercial embedded system (Raspberry Pi). We modified a camera module and adopted an inverse dual lens system to obtain the clear field of view and appropriate magnification for tens of micrometer objects. RESULTS The system was capable of capturing time-lapse images and transferring image data wirelessly. The entire system can be operated wirelessly and cordlessly in a conventional cell culturing incubator. The developed minimicroscope was used to monitor the attachment and proliferation of NIH-3T3 and HEK 293 cells inside an incubator for 50 h. In addition, the minimicroscope was used to monitor a droplet generation process in a microfluidic device. The high-quality images captured by the minimicroscope enabled us an automated analysis of experimental parameters. CONCLUSION The successful applications prove the great potential of the developed minimicroscope for monitoring various biological samples and microfluidic devices. SIGNIFICANCE This paper presents the design of a high-resolution minimicroscope system that enables the wireless real-time imaging of cells inside the incubator. This system has been verified to be a useful tool to obtain high-quality images and videos for the automated quantitative analysis of biological samples and lab-on-a-chip devices in the long term.
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Hlebokazov F, Dakukina T, Ihnatsenko S, Kosmacheva S, Potapnev M, Shakhbazau A, Goncharova N, Makhrov M, Korolevich P, Misyuk N, Dakukina V, Shamruk I, Slobina E, Marchuk S. Treatment of refractory epilepsy patients with autologous mesenchymal stem cells reduces seizure frequency: An open label study. Adv Med Sci 2017; 62:273-279. [PMID: 28500900 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Existing anti-epileptic drugs (AED) have limited efficiency in many patients, necessitating the search for alternative approaches such as stem cell therapy. We report the use of autologous patient-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) as a therapeutic agent in symptomatic drug-resistant epilepsy in a Phase I open label clinical trial (registered as NCT02497443). PATIENTS AND METHODS The patients received either standard treatment with AED (control group), or AED supplemented with single intravenous administration of undifferentiated autologous MSC (target dose of 1×106cells/kg), followed by a single intrathecal injection of neurally induced autologous MSC (target dose of 0.1×106cells/kg). RESULTS MSC injections were well tolerated and did not cause any severe adverse effects. Seizure frequency was designated as the main outcome and evaluated at 1 year time point. 3 out of 10 patients in MSC therapy group achieved remission (no seizures for one year and more), and 5 additional patients became responders to AEDs, while only 2 out of 12 patients became responders in control group (difference significant, P=0.0135). CONCLUSIONS MSC possess unique immunomodulatory properties and are a safe and promising candidate for cell therapy in AED resistant epilepsy patients.
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Mou X, Wang S, Liu X, Guo W, Li J, Qiu J, Yu X, Wang ZL, Liu X, Geng Z, Liu H. Static pressure-induced neural differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:10031-10037. [PMID: 28682386 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr00744b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Growing experimental evidence suggests that physical cues play an important role in regulating the fate of stem cells and stimulating their differentiation behavior. We report here that static pressure enables the differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into neural-like cells within several hours in the absence of disruptive bio-factors or chemicals. The realization of such differentiation is supported by the observation of characteristic morphology of neural-like cells with neurites, and an up-regulated expression level of neural-specific markers. Our finding also demonstrates the utility of the static pressure-based approach for in situ and specifically localized creation of neural cell systems, thereby providing profound implications for developing therapeutic application of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Mou
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, P. R. China100083.
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Su LN, Song XQ, Wei HP, Yin HF. Identification of neuron-related genes for cell therapy of neurological disorders by network analysis. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2017; 18:172-182. [PMID: 28124845 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1600109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) differentiated into neurons have been widely proposed for use in cell therapy of many neurological disorders. It is therefore important to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying this differentiation. We screened differentially expressed genes between immature neural tissues and untreated BMSCs to identify the genes responsible for neuronal differentiation from BMSCs. GSE68243 gene microarray data of rat BMSCs and GSE18860 gene microarray data of rat neurons were received from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Transcriptome Analysis Console software showed that 1248 genes were up-regulated and 1273 were down-regulated in neurons compared with BMSCs. Gene Ontology functional enrichment, protein-protein interaction networks, functional modules, and hub genes were analyzed using DAVID, STRING 10, BiNGO tool, and Network Analyzer software, revealing that nine hub genes, Nrcam, Sema3a, Mapk8, Dlg4, Slit1, Creb1, Ntrk2, Cntn2, and Pax6, may play a pivotal role in neuronal differentiation from BMSCs. Seven genes, Dcx, Nrcam, sema3a, Cntn2, Slit1, Ephb1, and Pax6, were shown to be hub nodes within the neuronal development network, while six genes, Fgf2, Tgfβ1, Vegfa, Serpine1, Il6, and Stat1, appeared to play an important role in suppressing neuronal differentiation. However, additional studies are required to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ning Su
- Department of Biology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075029, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Song
- Department of Biology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075029, China
| | - Hui-Ping Wei
- Department of Biology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075029, China
| | - Hai-Feng Yin
- Department of Biology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075029, China
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Singh SP, Jadhav SH, Chaturvedi CP, Nityanand S. Therapeutic efficacy of multipotent adult progenitor cells versus mesenchymal stem cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Regen Med 2017. [PMID: 28621170 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2016-0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM In this study, we have evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of mouse multipotent adult progenitor cells (mMAPCs) in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis, and compared it with mouse mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs). MATERIALS & METHODS We administered PKH26-labeled mMAPC and mMSC into EAE mice and evaluated their therapeutic efficacy. RESULTS The mMAPC-treated mice in comparison with the mMSC group exhibited a higher suppression of EAE (p < 0.05), and a higher fold expression of neuronal genes GAP43, NG2, PDGFR, Nestin, SMI 32, BDNF and NT 3 in spinal cord (p < 0.05), suggesting a better neuroprotective and regenerative potential of mMAPC than mMSC. CONCLUSION MAPC may be a potential cell type, which is superior to mesenchymal stem cell for the treatment of EAE/multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Pratap Singh
- Stem Cell Research Facility, Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow-226014, India
| | - Sachin Hanumantrao Jadhav
- Stem Cell Research Facility, Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow-226014, India
| | - Chandra Prakash Chaturvedi
- Stem Cell Research Facility, Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow-226014, India
| | - Soniya Nityanand
- Stem Cell Research Facility, Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow-226014, India
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31
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Boroujeni ME, Gardaneh M, Shahriari MH, Aliaghaei A, Hasani S. Synergy Between Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cell-Conditioned Medium and Knockout Serum Replacement Converts Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells to Dopamine-Secreting Neurons. Rejuvenation Res 2017; 20:309-319. [PMID: 28437187 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2016.1887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) have great capacity to differentiate into mesodermal origins as well as nonmesodermal lineages, including neural cells. This valuable feature paves the way for the therapeutic application of hADSCs for neurodegenerative maladies such as Parkinson's disease (PD). We tested the capacity of choroid plexus epithelial cell-conditioned medium (CPEC-CM) alone or cocktailed with knockout serum (KS) to induce dopaminergic (DAergic) differentiation of hADSCs. To this end, hADSCs from lipoaspirate were phenotypically characterized and shown to maintain mesodermal multipotency so that selected media easily differentiated them into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. To begin inducing hADSC neuronal differentiation, we isolated CPECs from rat brain and expanded them in culture to obtain CPEC-CM. We then treated hADSCs with optimized quantities of collected CPEC-CM, KS, or both. The ADSCs treated with either CPEC-CM or CPEC-CM and KS displayed morphological changes typical of neuron-like phenotypes. As revealed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), and immunostaining analyses, hADSCs cotreated with CPEC-CM and KS expressed significantly higher levels of neuronal and DAergic markers in comparison with single-treated groups. Moreover, the hADSCs began expressing dopamine-biosynthesizing enzymes mainly after cotreatment with CPEC-CM and KS. Consequently, only cotreated hADSCs were capable of synthesizing and releasing dopamine detectable by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Finally, hADSCs growing in an ordinary medium were found positive for astrocytic marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), but stopped GFAP expression on either single or cotreatments. These combined results suggest that CPEC-CM and KS can synergize to remarkably augment DAergic induction of hADSCs, an effect that has implications for cell replacement therapy for PD and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Eskandarian Boroujeni
- 1 Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , Tehran, Iran
| | - Mossa Gardaneh
- 1 Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Hasan Shahriari
- 1 Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Aliaghaei
- 2 Department of Anatomy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Hasani
- 1 Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , Tehran, Iran
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Jeong WY, Kim JB, Kim HJ, Kim CW. Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field promotes astrocytic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by modulating SIRT1 expression. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 81:1356-1362. [PMID: 28351214 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1308243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELFMF) affect regulation of cell fate and differentiation. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of ELFMFs in the enhancement of astrocytic differentiation. ELFMF exposure reduced the rate of proliferation and enhanced astrocytic differentiation. The ELFMF-treated cells showed increased levels of the astrocyte marker (GFAP), while those of the early neuronal marker (Nestin) and stemness marker (OCT3/4) were downregulated. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was observed to be significantly elevated after ELFMF exposure, which strengthens the modulatory role of SIRT1 and SIRT1 downstream molecules (TLE1, HES1, and MASH1) during astrocytic differentiation. After nicotinamide (5 mM) mediated inhibition of SIRT1, levels of TLE1, HES1, and MASH1 were examined; TLE1 was significantly upregulated and MASH1 was downregulated. These results suggest that ELFMFs induce astrocytic differentiation through activation of SIRT1 and SIRT1 downstream molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Yong Jeong
- a College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , Korea University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Jun-Beom Kim
- a College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , Korea University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Kim
- a College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , Korea University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Chan-Wha Kim
- a College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , Korea University , Seoul , Korea
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Abstract
Stem cells, especially neural stem cells (NSCs), are a very attractive cell source for potential reconstruction of injured spinal cord though either neuroprotection, neural regeneration, remyelination, replacement of lost neural cells, or reconnection of disrupted axons. The later have great potential since recent studies demonstrate long-distance growth and connectivity of axons derived from transplanted NSCs after spinal cord injury (SCI). In addition, transplanted NSCs constitute a permissive environment for host axonal regeneration and serve as new targets for host axonal connection. This reciprocal connection between grafted neurons and host neurons constitutes a neuronal relay formation that could restore functional connectivity after SCI.
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Azedi F, Kazemnejad S, Zarnani AH, Soleimani M, Shojaei A, Arasteh S. Comparative capability of menstrual blood versus bone marrow derived stem cells in neural differentiation. Mol Biol Rep 2016; 44:169-182. [PMID: 27981446 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-016-4095-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In order to characterize the potency of menstrual blood stem cells (MenSCs) for future cell therapy of neurological disorders instead of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) as a well-known and conventional source of adult stem cells, we examined the in vitro differentiation potential of these stem cells into neural-like cells. The differentiation potential of MenSCs to neural cells in comparison with BMSCs was assessed under two step neural differentiation including conversion to neurosphere-like cells and final differentiation. The expression levels of Nestin, Microtubule-associated protein 2, gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1 and 2, and Tubulin, beta 3 class III mRNA and/or protein were up-regulated during development of MenSCs into neurosphere-like cells (NSCs) and neural-like cells. The up-regulation level of these markers in differentiated neural-like cells from MenSCs was comparable with differentiated cells from BMSCs. Moreover, both differentiated MenSCs and BMSCs expressed high levels of potassium, calcium and sodium channel genes developing functional channels with electrophysiological recording. For the first time, we demonstrated that MenSCs are a unique cell population with differentiation ability into neural-like cells comparable to BMSCs. In addition, we have introduced an approach to generate NSCs from MenSCs and BMSCs and their further differentiation into neural-like cells in vitro. Our results hold a promise to future stem cell therapy of neurological disorders using NSCs derived from menstrual blood, an accessible source in every woman.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Azedi
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Centre, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, P.O. Box: 1177-19615, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of advanced technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somaieh Kazemnejad
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Centre, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, P.O. Box: 1177-19615, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir Hassan Zarnani
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Shojaei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Arasteh
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Centre, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, P.O. Box: 1177-19615, Tehran, Iran
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Kim BC, Jun SM, Kim SY, Kwon YD, Choe SC, Kim EC, Lee JH, Kim J, Suh JKF, Hwang YS. Engineering three dimensional micro nerve tissue using postnatal stem cells from human dental apical papilla. Biotechnol Bioeng 2016; 114:903-914. [PMID: 27775170 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro generation of cell-based three dimensional (3D) nerve tissue is an attractive subject to improve graft survival and integration into host tissue for neural tissue regeneration or to model biological events in stem cell differentiation. Although 3D organotypic culture strategies are well established for 3D nerve tissue formation of pluripotent stem cells to study underlying biology in nerve development, cell-based nerve tissues have not been developed using human postnatal stem cells with therapeutic potential. Here, we established a culture strategy for the generation of in vitro cell-based 3D nerve tissue from postnatal stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) of teeth, which originate from neural crest-derived ectomesenchyme cells. A stem cell population capable of differentiating into neural cell lineages was generated during the ex vivo expansion of SCAPs in the presence of EGF and bFGF, and SCAPs differentiated into neural cells, showing neural cell lineage-related molecular and gene expression profiles, morphological changes and electrophysical property under neural-inductive culture conditions. Moreover, we showed the first evidence that 3D cell-based nerve-like tissue with axons and myelin structures could be generated from SCAPs via 3D organotypic culture using an integrated bioprocess composed of polyethylene glycol (PEG) microwell-mediated cell spheroid formation and subsequent dynamic culture in a high aspect ratio vessel (HARV) bioreactor. In conclusion, the culture strategy in our study provides a novel approach to develop in vitro engineered nerve tissue using SCAPs and a foundation to study biological events in the neural differentiation of postnatal stem cells. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 903-914. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Chul Kim
- Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Min Jun
- Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Seoul, Korea.,The Center for Bionics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Dae Kwon
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Chul Choe
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Chul Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Hyung Lee
- Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinseok Kim
- The Center for Bionics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun-Kyo Francis Suh
- The Center for Bionics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu-Shik Hwang
- Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Seoul, Korea
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Shakhbazau A, Potapnev M. Autologous mesenchymal stromal cells as a therapeutic in ALS and epilepsy patients: Treatment modalities and ex vivo neural differentiation. Cytotherapy 2016; 18:1245-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Choi Y, Park JE, Jeong JS, Park JK, Kim J, Jeon S. Sound Waves Induce Neural Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells via Ryanodine Receptor-Induced Calcium Release and Pyk2 Activation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 180:682-694. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2124-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Zeng X, Ma YH, Chen YF, Qiu XC, Wu JL, Ling EA, Zeng YS. Autocrine fibronectin from differentiating mesenchymal stem cells induces the neurite elongation in vitro and promotes nerve fiber regeneration in transected spinal cord injury. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:1902-11. [PMID: 26991461 PMCID: PMC5101622 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) expression is temporally and spatially regulated during the development of stem cells. We reported previously that fibronectin (FN) secreted by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was deposited on the surface of gelatin sponge (GS) soon after culture. In this study, we aimed to assess the function of accumulated FN on neuronal differentiating MSCs as induced by Schwann cells (SCs) in three dimensional transwell co‐culture system. The expression pattern and amount of FN of differentiating MSCs was examined by immunofluorescence, Western blot and immunoelectron microscopy. The results showed that FN accumulated inside GS scaffold, although its mRNA expression in MSCs was progressively decreased during neural induction. MSC‐derived neuron‐like cells showed spindle‐shaped cell body and long extending processes on FN‐decorated scaffold surface. However, after blocking of FN function by application of monoclonal antibodies, neuron‐like cells showed flattened cell body with short and thick neurites, together with decreased expression of integrin β1. In vivo transplantation study revealed that autocrine FN significantly facilitated endogenous nerve fiber regeneration in spinal cord transection model. Taken together, the present results showed that FN secreted by MSCs in the early stage accumulated on the GS scaffold and promoted the neurite elongation of neuronal differentiating MSCs as well as nerve fiber regeneration after spinal cord injury. This suggests that autocrine FN has a dynamic influence on MSCs in a three dimensional culture system and its potential application for treatment of traumatic spinal cord injury. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 1902–1911, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yuan-Huan Ma
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Yuan-Feng Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xue-Cheng Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jin-Lang Wu
- Department of Electron Microscope, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Eng-Ang Ling
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Yuan-Shan Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Institute of Spinal Cord Injury, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu, 226019, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
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The effect of fetal rat brain extract on morphology of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-015-2188-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Tso D, McKinnon RD. Cell replacement therapy for central nervous system diseases. Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:1356-8. [PMID: 26604878 PMCID: PMC4625483 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.165209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain and spinal cord can not replace neurons or supporting glia that are lost through traumatic injury or disease. In pre-clinical studies, however, neural stem and progenitor cell transplants can promote functional recovery. Thus the central nervous system is repair competent but lacks endogenous stem cell resources. To make transplants clinically feasible, this field needs a source of histocompatible, ethically acceptable and non-tumorgenic cells. One strategy to generate patient-specific replacement cells is to reprogram autologous cells such as fibroblasts into pluripotent stem cells which can then be differentiated into the required cell grafts. However, the utility of pluripotent cell derived grafts is limited since they can retain founder cells with intrinsic neoplastic potential. A recent extension of this technology directly reprograms fibroblasts into the final graftable cells without an induced pluripotent stem cell intermediate, avoiding the pluripotent caveat. For both types of reprogramming the conversion efficiency is very low resulting in the need to amplify the cells in culture which can lead to chromosomal instability and neoplasia. Thus to make reprogramming biology clinically feasible, we must improve the efficiency. The ultimate source of replacement cells may reside in directly reprogramming accessible cells within the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danju Tso
- Department of Surgery (Neurosurgery), Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Randall D. McKinnon
- Department of Surgery (Neurosurgery), Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Sugimura-Wakayama Y, Katagiri W, Osugi M, Kawai T, Ogata K, Sakaguchi K, Hibi H. Peripheral Nerve Regeneration by Secretomes of Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:2687-99. [PMID: 26154068 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve regeneration across nerve gaps is often suboptimal, with poor functional recovery. Stem cell transplantation-based regenerative therapy is a promising approach for axon regeneration and functional recovery of peripheral nerve injury; however, the mechanisms remain controversial and unclear. Recent studies suggest that transplanted stem cells promote tissue regeneration through a paracrine mechanism. We investigated the effects of conditioned media derived from stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED-CM) on peripheral nerve regeneration. In vitro, SHED-CM-treated Schwann cells exhibited significantly increased proliferation, migration, and the expression of neuron-, extracellular matrix (ECM)-, and angiogenesis-related genes. SHED-CM stimulated neuritogenesis of dorsal root ganglia and increased cell viability. Similarly, SHED-CM enhanced tube formation in an angiogenesis assay. In vivo, a 10-mm rat sciatic nerve gap model was bridged by silicon conduits containing SHED-CM or serum-free Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium. Light and electron microscopy confirmed that the number of myelinated axons and axon-to-fiber ratio (G-ratio) were significantly higher in the SHED-CM group at 12 weeks after nerve transection surgery. The sciatic functional index (SFI) and gastrocnemius (target muscle) wet weight ratio demonstrated functional recovery. Increased compound muscle action potentials and increased SFI in the SHED-CM group suggested sciatic nerve reinnervation of the target muscle and improved functional recovery. We also observed reduced muscle atrophy in the SHED-CM group. Thus, SHEDs may secrete various trophic factors that enhance peripheral nerve regeneration through multiple mechanisms. SHED-CM may therefore provide a novel therapy that creates a more desirable extracellular microenvironment for peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Sugimura-Wakayama
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya, Japan
| | - Wataru Katagiri
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masashi Osugi
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takamasa Kawai
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenichi Ogata
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya, Japan .,2 Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University , Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kohei Sakaguchi
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideharu Hibi
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya, Japan
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Ribeiro J, Pereira T, Caseiro AR, Armada-da-Silva P, Pires I, Prada J, Amorim I, Amado S, França M, Gonçalves C, Lopes MA, Santos JD, Silva DM, Geuna S, Luís AL, Maurício AC. Evaluation of biodegradable electric conductive tube-guides and mesenchymal stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:956-975. [PMID: 26240682 PMCID: PMC4515438 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i6.956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study the therapeutic effect of three tube-guides with electrical conductivity associated to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on neuro-muscular regeneration after neurotmesis.
METHODS: Rats with 10-mm gap nerve injury were tested using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), PVA-carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and MSCs, and PVA-polypyrrole (PPy). The regenerated nerves and tibialis anterior muscles were processed for stereological studies after 20 wk. The functional recovery was assessed serially for gait biomechanical analysis, by extensor postural thrust, sciatic functional index and static sciatic functional index (SSI), and by withdrawal reflex latency (WRL). In vitro studies included cytocompatibility, flow cytometry, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and karyotype analysis of the MSCs. Histopathology of lung, liver, kidneys, and regional lymph nodes ensured the biomaterials biocompatibility.
RESULTS: SSI remained negative throughout and independently from treatment. Differences between treted groups in the severity of changes in WRL existed, showing a faster regeneration for PVA-CNTs-MSCs (P < 0.05). At toe-off, less acute ankle joint angles were seen for PVA-CNTs-MSCs group (P = 0.051) suggesting improved ankle muscles function during the push off phase of the gait cycle. In PVA-PPy and PVA-CNTs groups, there was a 25% and 42% increase of average fiber area and a 13% and 21% increase of the “minimal Feret’s diameter” respectively. Stereological analysis disclosed a significantly (P < 0.05) increased myelin thickness (M), ratio myelin thickness/axon diameter (M/d) and ratio axon diameter/fiber diameter (d/D; g-ratio) in PVA-CNT-MSCs group (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Results revealed that treatment with MSCs and PVA-CNTs tube-guides induced better nerve fiber regeneration. Functional and kinematics analysis revealed positive synergistic effects brought by MSCs and PVA-CNTs. The PVA-CNTs and PVA-PPy are promising scaffolds with electric conductive properties, bio- and cytocompatible that might prevent the secondary neurogenic muscular atrophy by improving the reestablishment of the neuro-muscular junction.
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Kelly-Goss MR, Sweat RS, Stapor PC, Peirce SM, Murfee WL. Targeting pericytes for angiogenic therapies. Microcirculation 2015; 21:345-57. [PMID: 24267154 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In pathological scenarios, such as tumor growth and diabetic retinopathy, blocking angiogenesis would be beneficial. In others, such as myocardial infarction and hypertension, promoting angiogenesis might be desirable. Due to their putative influence on endothelial cells, vascular pericytes have become a topic of growing interest and are increasingly being evaluated as a potential target for angioregulatory therapies. The strategy of manipulating pericyte recruitment to capillaries could result in anti- or proangiogenic effects. Our current understanding of pericytes, however, is limited by knowledge gaps regarding pericyte identity and lineage. To use a music analogy, this review is a "mash-up" that attempts to integrate what we know about pericyte functionality and expression with what is beginning to be elucidated regarding their regenerative potential. We explore the lingering questions regarding pericyte phenotypic identity and lineage. The expression of different pericyte markers (e.g., SMA, Desmin, NG2, and PDGFR-β) varies for different subpopulations and tissues. Previous use of these markers to identify pericytes has suggested potential phenotypic overlaps and plasticity toward other cell phenotypes. Our review chronicles the state of the literature, identifies critical unanswered questions, and motivates future research aimed at understanding this intriguing cell type and harnessing its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly R Kelly-Goss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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44
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Zhou Y, Sun M, Li H, Yan M, Xie T. Differentiation of rhesus adipose stem cells into dopaminergic neurons. Neural Regen Res 2014; 7:2645-52. [PMID: 25337110 PMCID: PMC4200732 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.34.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
LIM homeobox transcription factor 1a (Lmx1a) has the capacity to initiate the development program of neuronal cells and promote the differentiation of embryonic stem cells into dopaminergic neurons. In this study, rhesus adipose stem cells were infected with recombinant adenovirus carrying the Lmx1a gene and co-cultured with embryonic rat neural stem cells. Cell differentiation was induced using sonic hedgehog and fibroblast growth factor-8. Immunofluorescence staining showed that cells were positive for neuron-specific enolase and β-tubulin III. Reverse transcription-PCR results demonstrated that rhesus adipose stem cells were not only positive for neuron-specific enolase and β-tubulin III, but also positive for the dopaminergic neuron marker, tyrosine hydroxylase, neurofilament, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family receptor α2 and nuclear receptor related factor 1. The number of Lmx1a gene-infected cells expressing the dopaminergic neuron marker was substantially greater than the number of cells not infected with Lmx1α gene. These results suggest that Lmx1a-mediated regulation combined with the strategy of co-culture with neural stem cells can robustly promote the differentiation of rhesus adipose stem cells into dopaminergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Maosheng Sun
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Hongjun Li
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Min Yan
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Tianhong Xie
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, Yunnan Province, China
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45
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Aali E, Mirzamohammadi S, Ghaznavi H, Madjd Z, Larijani B, Rayegan S, Sharifi AM. A comparative study of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation with its paracrine effect on control of hyperglycemia in type 1 diabetic rats. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2014; 13:76. [PMID: 25688339 PMCID: PMC4329572 DOI: 10.1186/2251-6581-13-76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Many studies suggested mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation as a new approach to control hyperglycemia in type 1 diabetes mellitus through differentiation mechanism. In contrary others believed that therapeutic properties of MSCs is depends on paracrine mechanisms even if they were not engrafted. This study aimed to compare these two approaches in control of hyperglycemia in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Methods Animals were divided into five groups: normal; diabetic control; diabetic received MSCs; diabetic received supernatant of MSCs; diabetic received co-administration of MSCs with supernatant. Blood glucose, insulin levels and body weight of animals were monitored during experiment. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence analysis were performed to monitor functionality and migration of labeled-MSCs to pancreas. Results First administration of MSCs within the first 3 weeks could not reduce blood glucose, but second administration significantly reduced blood glucose after week four compared to diabetic controls. Daily injection of supernatant could not reduce blood glucose as efficient as MSCs. Interestingly; Co-administration of MSCs with supernatant significantly reduced blood glucose more than other treated groups. Insulin levels and body weight were significantly increased in MSCs + supernatant-treated animals compared to other groups. Immunohistological analysis showed an increase in number and size of islets per section respectively in supernatant, MSCs and MSCs + supernatant-treated groups. Conclusion Present study exhibited that repeated-injection of MSCs reduced blood glucose and increased serum insulin levels in recipient rats. Injection of supernatant could not reverse hyperglycemia as efficient as MSCs. Interestingly; co-administration of MSCs with supernatant could reverse hyperglycemia more than either group alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Aali
- Razi Drug Research Center and Department of Pharmacology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solmaz Mirzamohammadi
- Razi Drug Research Center and Department of Pharmacology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Habib Ghaznavi
- Razi Drug Research Center and Department of Pharmacology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Madjd
- Oncopathology Research Center and Department of Pathology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrine and Metabolism Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Rayegan
- Razi Drug Research Center and Department of Pharmacology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali M Sharifi
- Razi Drug Research Center and Department of Pharmacology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Department of Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Endocrine and Metabolism Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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46
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Abstract
Radiation injury to skin results in a variety of deterministic effects including inflammatory reactions and cell depletion leading to distinct clinical symptoms following a defined time pattern. Therapeutic approaches are still limited, a complete restitution of affected areas is so far impossible. In the last few years increasing experimental knowledge about acquisition and administration of autologous stem cells also in the field of radiation injuries has been obtained. Evidence reviewed in this article shows that the beneficial effects of stem cell transplantation are not necessarily due to the replacement of damaged cells by transplanted cells but most probably due in the most part to a paracrine effect. Transplanted cells secrete bioactive factors that initiate the stimulation of the host stem cells to regenerate the damaged tissues. Transplanted stem cells produce trophic factors which aid the systemic healing of the victims. Furthermore, administration of stem cell secretomes in the form of conditioned media containing microvesicles or exosomes can be as effective as administering the stem cells. This hypothesis is supported by findings that cell-free derivatives from hMSCs were useful for wound healing purposes and could circumvent the need for intact cells. Furthermore, the beneficial effect of MSC injection on reperfusion and tissue damage in a mouse model of hind limb ischemia could be attributed to paracrine mechanisms with local release of arteriogenic cytokines. Further evaluation of the paracrine potential of autologous stem cells may open new means for treatment of acute as well as chronic sequelae of cutaneous radiation injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rezvani
- Natural Biosciences SA, Lake Garden Medical Center, Kilchberg, Zurich, Switzerland,
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47
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Promoting nerve regeneration in a neurotmesis rat model using poly(DL-lactide-ε-caprolactone) membranes and mesenchymal stem cells from the Wharton's jelly: in vitro and in vivo analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:302659. [PMID: 25121094 PMCID: PMC4119891 DOI: 10.1155/2014/302659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In peripheral nerves MSCs can modulate Wallerian degeneration and the overall regenerative response by acting through paracrine mechanisms directly on regenerating axons or upon the nerve-supporting Schwann cells. In the present study, the effect of human MSCs from Wharton's jelly (HMSCs), differentiated into neuroglial-like cells associated to poly (DL-lactide-ε-caprolactone) membrane, on nerve regeneration, was evaluated in the neurotmesis injury rat sciatic nerve model. Results in vitro showed successful differentiation of HMSCs into neuroglial-like cells, characterized by expression of specific neuroglial markers confirmed by immunocytochemistry and by RT-PCR and qPCR targeting specific genes expressed. In vivo testing evaluated during the healing period of 20 weeks, showed no evident positive effect of HMSCs or neuroglial-like cell enrichment at the sciatic nerve repair site on most of the functional and nerve morphometric predictors of nerve regeneration although the nociception function was almost normal. EPT on the other hand, recovered significantly better after HMSCs enriched membrane employment, to values of residual functional impairment compared to other treated groups. When the neurotmesis injury can be surgically reconstructed with an end-to-end suture or by grafting, the addition of a PLC membrane associated with HMSCs seems to bring significant advantage, especially concerning the motor function recovery.
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48
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Stapor PC, Sweat RS, Dashti DC, Betancourt AM, Murfee WL. Pericyte dynamics during angiogenesis: new insights from new identities. J Vasc Res 2014; 51:163-74. [PMID: 24853910 DOI: 10.1159/000362276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapies aimed at manipulating the microcirculation require the ability to control angiogenesis, defined as the sprouting of new capillaries from existing vessels. Blocking angiogenesis would be beneficial in many pathologies (e.g. cancer, retinopathies and rheumatoid arthritis). In others (e.g. myocardial infarction, stroke and hypertension), promoting angiogenesis would be desirable. We know that vascular pericytes elongate around endothelial cells (ECs) and are functionally associated with regulating vessel stabilization, vessel diameter and EC proliferation. During angiogenesis, bidirectional pericyte-EC signaling is critical for capillary sprout formation. Observations of pericytes leading capillary sprouts also implicate their role in EC guidance. As such, pericytes have recently emerged as a therapeutic target to promote or inhibit angiogenesis. Advancing our basic understanding of pericytes and developing pericyte-related therapies are challenged, like in many other fields, by questions regarding cell identity. This review article discusses what we know about pericyte phenotypes and the opportunity to advance our understanding by defining the specific pericyte cell populations involved in capillary sprouting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Stapor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, Lindy Boggs Center, New Orleans, La., USA
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49
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Harnessing neurogenesis for the possible treatment of Parkinson's disease. J Comp Neurol 2014; 522:2817-30. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.23607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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50
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Han C, Song L, Liu Y, Zou W, Jiang C, Liu J. Rat cortex and hippocampus-derived soluble factors for the induction of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells into neuron-like cells. Cell Biol Int 2014; 38:768-76. [PMID: 24500988 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Han
- Regenerative Medicine Centre; First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian 116011 P.R. China
- Institute of Integrative Medicine; Dalian Medical University; Dalian 116011 P.R. China
| | - Lin Song
- Regenerative Medicine Centre; First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian 116011 P.R. China
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Regenerative Medicine Centre; First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian 116011 P.R. China
- Institute of Integrative Medicine; Dalian Medical University; Dalian 116011 P.R. China
| | - Wei Zou
- College of Life Science; Liaoning Normal University; Dalian 116029 P.R. China
| | - Chen Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian 116011 P.R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- Regenerative Medicine Centre; First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian 116011 P.R. China
- Institute of Integrative Medicine; Dalian Medical University; Dalian 116011 P.R. China
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