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Wang Z, Zhao Y, Hou Y, Tang G, Zhang R, Yang Y, Yan X, Fan K. A Thrombin-Activated Peptide-Templated Nanozyme for Remedying Ischemic Stroke via Thrombolytic and Neuroprotective Actions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2210144. [PMID: 36730098 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is one of the most common causes of disability and death. Thrombolysis and neuroprotection are two current major therapeutic strategies to overcome ischemic and reperfusion damage. In this work, a novel peptide-templated manganese dioxide nanozyme (PNzyme/MnO2 ) is designed that integrates the thrombolytic activity of functional peptides with the reactive oxygen species scavenging ability of nanozymes. Through self-assembled polypeptides that contain multiple functional motifs, the novel peptide-templated nanozyme is able to bind fibrin in the thrombus, cross the blood-brain barrier, and finally accumulate in the ischemic neuronal tissues, where the thrombolytic motif is "switched-on" by the action of thrombin. In mice and rat IS models, the PNzyme/MnO2 prolongs the blood-circulation time and exhibits strong thrombolytic action, and reduces the ischemic damages in brain tissues. Moreover, this peptide-templated nanozyme also effectively inhibits the activation of astrocytes and the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. These data indicate that the rationally designed PNzyme/MnO2 nanozyme exerts both thrombolytic and neuroprotective actions. Giving its long half-life in the blood and ability to target brain thrombi, the biocompatible nanozyme may serve as a novel therapeutic agent to improve the efficacy and prevent secondary thrombosis during the treatment of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoran Wang
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhao
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, P. R. China
| | - Yaxin Hou
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, P. R. China
| | - Guoheng Tang
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, P. R. China
| | - Ruofei Zhang
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
| | - Yili Yang
- China Regional Research Centre, International Centre of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Taizhou, 212200, P. R. China
| | - Xiyun Yan
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, P. R. China
- Nanozyme Medical Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Kelong Fan
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, P. R. China
- Nanozyme Medical Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
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pour PM, Mahnam K, Taherzadeh M, Ahangarzadeh S, Alibakhshi A, Mohammadi E. The effect of mutation on neurotoxicity reduction of new chimeric reteplase, a computational study. Res Pharm Sci 2023; 18:404-412. [PMID: 37614611 PMCID: PMC10443662 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.378087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Excitotoxicity in nerve cells is a type of neurotoxicity in which excessive stimulation of receptors (such as N-methyl-d-aspartate glutamate receptors (NMDAR)) leads to the influx of high-level calcium ions into cells and finally cell damage or death. This complication can occur after taking some of the plasminogen activators like tissue plasminogen activator and reteplase. The interaction of the kringle2 domain in such plasminogen activator with the amino-terminal domain (ATD) of the NR1 subunit of NMDAR finally leads to excitotoxicity. In this study, we assessed the interaction of two new chimeric reteplase, mutated in the kringle2 domain, with ATD and compared the interaction of wild-type reteplase with ATD, computationally. Experimental approach Homology modeling, protein docking, molecular dynamic simulation, and molecular dynamics trajectory analysis were used for the assessment of this interaction. Findings/Results The results of the free energy analysis between reteplase and ATD (wild reteplase: -2127.516 ± 0.0, M1-chr: -1761.510 ± 0.0, M2-chr: -521.908 ± 0.0) showed lower interaction of this chimeric reteplase with ATD compared to the wild type. Conclusion and implications The decreased interaction between two chimeric reteplase and ATD of NR1 subunit in NMDAR which leads to lower neurotoxicity related to these drugs, can be the start of a way to conduct more tests and if the results confirm this feature, they can be considered potential drugs in acute ischemic stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pardis Mohammadi pour
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Karim Mahnam
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mahsa Taherzadeh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 0C7, QC, Canada
| | - Shahrzad Ahangarzadeh
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abbas Alibakhshi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Elmira Mohammadi
- Core Research Facilities, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Physiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Furon J, Yetim M, Pouettre E, Martinez de Lizarrondo S, Maubert E, Hommet Y, Lebouvier L, Zheng Z, Ali C, Vivien D. Blood tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) of liver origin contributes to neurovascular coupling involving brain endothelial N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:11. [PMID: 36737775 PMCID: PMC9896721 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00411-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) directly influence brain functions and dysfunctions and involves complex mechanisms, including neurovascular coupling (NVC). It was suggested that the serine protease tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) could control CNV induced by whisker stimulation in rodents, through its action on N-methyl-D-Aspartate receptors (NMDARs). However, the origin of tPA and the location and mechanism of its action on NMDARs in relation to CNV remained debated. METHODS Here, we answered these issues using tPANull mice, conditional deletions of either endothelial tPA (VECad-CreΔtPA) or endothelial GluN1 subunit of NMDARs (VECad-CreΔGluN1), parabioses between wild-type and tPANull mice, hydrodynamic transfection-induced deletion of liver tPA, hepatectomy and pharmacological approaches. RESULTS We thus demonstrate that physiological concentrations of vascular tPA, achieved by the bradykinin type 2 receptors-dependent production and release of tPA from liver endothelial cells, promote NVC, through a mechanism dependent on brain endothelial NMDARs. CONCLUSIONS These data highlight a new mechanism of regulation of NVC involving both endothelial tPA and NMDARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathane Furon
- grid.460771.30000 0004 1785 9671UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Normandie University, Bvd Becquerel, BP 5229, 14074 Caen, France
| | - Mervé Yetim
- grid.460771.30000 0004 1785 9671UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Normandie University, Bvd Becquerel, BP 5229, 14074 Caen, France
| | - Elsa Pouettre
- grid.460771.30000 0004 1785 9671UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Normandie University, Bvd Becquerel, BP 5229, 14074 Caen, France
| | - Sara Martinez de Lizarrondo
- grid.460771.30000 0004 1785 9671UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Normandie University, Bvd Becquerel, BP 5229, 14074 Caen, France
| | - Eric Maubert
- grid.460771.30000 0004 1785 9671UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Normandie University, Bvd Becquerel, BP 5229, 14074 Caen, France
| | - Yannick Hommet
- grid.460771.30000 0004 1785 9671UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Normandie University, Bvd Becquerel, BP 5229, 14074 Caen, France
| | - Laurent Lebouvier
- grid.460771.30000 0004 1785 9671UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Normandie University, Bvd Becquerel, BP 5229, 14074 Caen, France
| | - Ze Zheng
- grid.30760.320000 0001 2111 8460Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI USA ,grid.280427.b0000 0004 0434 015XBlood Research Institute, Versiti Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI USA
| | - Carine Ali
- grid.460771.30000 0004 1785 9671UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Normandie University, Bvd Becquerel, BP 5229, 14074 Caen, France
| | - Denis Vivien
- UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Normandie University, Bvd Becquerel, BP 5229, 14074, Caen, France. .,Department of Clinical Research, Caen-Normandie University Hospital, Caen, France.
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Varangot A, Lebatard S, Bellemain-Sagnard M, Lebouvier L, Hommet Y, Vivien D. Modulations of the neuronal trafficking of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) influences glutamate release. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:34. [PMID: 36650132 PMCID: PMC9845363 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05543-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of the neuronal expression of the serine protease tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) has opened new avenues of research, with important implications in the physiopathology of the central nervous system. For example, the interaction of tPA with synaptic receptors (NMDAR, LRP1, Annexin II, and EGFR) and its role in the maturation of BDNF have been reported to influence synaptic plasticity and neuronal survival. However, the mechanisms regulating the neuronal trafficking of tPA are unknown. Here, using high-resolution live cell imaging and a panel of innovative genetic approaches, we first unmasked the dynamic characteristics of the dendritic and axonal trafficking of tPA-containing vesicles under different paradigms of neuronal activation or inhibition. We then report a constitutive exocytosis of tPA- and VAMP2-positive vesicles, dramatically increased in conditions of neuronal activation, with a pattern which was mainly dendritic and thus post-synaptic. We also observed that the synaptic release of tPA led to an increase of the exocytosis of VGlut1 positive vesicles containing glutamate. Finally, we described alterations of the trafficking and exocytosis of neuronal tPA in cultured cortical neurons prepared from tau-22 transgenic mice (a preclinical model of Alzheimer's disease (AD)). Altogether, these data provide new insights about the neuronal trafficking of tPA, contributing to a better knowledge of the tPA-dependent brain functions and dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Varangot
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Caen, France
| | - Simon Lebatard
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Caen, France
| | - Mathys Bellemain-Sagnard
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Caen, France
| | - Laurent Lebouvier
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Caen, France
| | - Yannick Hommet
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Caen, France
| | - Denis Vivien
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Caen, France.
- Department of clinical research, Caen-Normandie University Hospital, CHU, Caen, France.
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5
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A role for endothelial NMDA receptors in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2022; 249:63-73. [PMID: 33189520 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Numerous genetic and postmortem studies link N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) dysfunction with schizophrenia, forming the basis of the popular glutamate hypothesis. Neuronal NMDAR abnormalities are consistently reported from both basic and clinical experiments, however, non-neuronal cells also contain NMDARs, and are rarely, if ever, considered in the discussion of glutamate action in schizophrenia. We offer an examination of recent discoveries elucidating the actions and consequences of NMDAR activation in the neuroendothelium. While there has been mixed literature regarding blood flow alterations in the schizophrenia brain, in this review, we posit that some common findings may be explained by neuroendothelial NMDAR dysfunction. In particular, we emphasize that endothelial NMDARs are key mediators of neurovascular coupling, where increased neuronal activity leads to increased blood flow. Based on the broad conclusions that hypoperfusion is a neuroanatomical finding in schizophrenia, we discuss potential mechanisms by which endothelial NMDARs contribute to this disorder. We propose that endothelial NMDAR dysfunction can be a primary cause of neurovascular abnormalities in schizophrenia. Importantly, functional MRI studies using BOLD signal as a proxy for neuron activity should be considered in a new light if neurovascular coupling is impaired in schizophrenia. This review is the first to propose that NMDARs in non-excitable cells play a role in schizophrenia.
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Lépine M, Douceau S, Devienne G, Prunotto P, Lenoir S, Regnauld C, Pouettre E, Piquet J, Lebouvier L, Hommet Y, Maubert E, Agin V, Lambolez B, Cauli B, Ali C, Vivien D. Parvalbumin interneuron-derived tissue-type plasminogen activator shapes perineuronal net structure. BMC Biol 2022; 20:218. [PMID: 36199089 PMCID: PMC9535866 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01419-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are specialized extracellular matrix structures mainly found around fast-spiking parvalbumin (FS-PV) interneurons. In the adult, their degradation alters FS-PV-driven functions, such as brain plasticity and memory, and altered PNN structures have been found in neurodevelopmental and central nervous system disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, leading to interest in identifying targets able to modify or participate in PNN metabolism. The serine protease tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) plays multifaceted roles in brain pathophysiology. However, its cellular expression profile in the brain remains unclear and a possible role in matrix plasticity through PNN remodeling has never been investigated. Result By combining a GFP reporter approach, immunohistology, electrophysiology, and single-cell RT-PCR, we discovered that cortical FS-PV interneurons are a source of tPA in vivo. We found that mice specifically lacking tPA in FS-PV interneurons display denser PNNs in the somatosensory cortex, suggesting a role for tPA from FS-PV interneurons in PNN remodeling. In vitro analyses in primary cultures of mouse interneurons also showed that tPA converts plasminogen into active plasmin, which in turn, directly degrades aggrecan, a major structural chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) in PNNs. Conclusions We demonstrate that tPA released from FS-PV interneurons in the central nervous system reduces PNN density through CSPG degradation. The discovery of this tPA-dependent PNN remodeling opens interesting insights into the control of brain plasticity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01419-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Lépine
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandie, Cyceron, Bd Becquerel, BP 5229-14074, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Sara Douceau
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandie, Cyceron, Bd Becquerel, BP 5229-14074, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Gabrielle Devienne
- Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Sorbonne Université UM119, CNRS UMR8246, INSERM U1130, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Paul Prunotto
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandie, Cyceron, Bd Becquerel, BP 5229-14074, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Sophie Lenoir
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandie, Cyceron, Bd Becquerel, BP 5229-14074, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Caroline Regnauld
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandie, Cyceron, Bd Becquerel, BP 5229-14074, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Elsa Pouettre
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandie, Cyceron, Bd Becquerel, BP 5229-14074, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Juliette Piquet
- Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Sorbonne Université UM119, CNRS UMR8246, INSERM U1130, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Lebouvier
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandie, Cyceron, Bd Becquerel, BP 5229-14074, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Yannick Hommet
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandie, Cyceron, Bd Becquerel, BP 5229-14074, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Eric Maubert
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandie, Cyceron, Bd Becquerel, BP 5229-14074, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Véronique Agin
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandie, Cyceron, Bd Becquerel, BP 5229-14074, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Bertrand Lambolez
- Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Sorbonne Université UM119, CNRS UMR8246, INSERM U1130, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Cauli
- Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Sorbonne Université UM119, CNRS UMR8246, INSERM U1130, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Carine Ali
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen Normandie, Cyceron, Bd Becquerel, BP 5229-14074, 14000, Caen, France.
| | - Denis Vivien
- Department of clinical research, CHU de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
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Seillier C, Lesept F, Toutirais O, Potzeha F, Blanc M, Vivien D. Targeting NMDA Receptors at the Neurovascular Unit: Past and Future Treatments for Central Nervous System Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810336. [PMID: 36142247 PMCID: PMC9499580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The excitatory neurotransmission of the central nervous system (CNS) mainly involves glutamate and its receptors, especially N-methyl-D-Aspartate receptors (NMDARs). These receptors have been extensively described on neurons and, more recently, also on other cell types. Nowadays, the study of their differential expression and function is taking a growing place in preclinical and clinical research. The diversity of NMDAR subtypes and their signaling pathways give rise to pleiotropic functions such as brain development, neuronal plasticity, maturation along with excitotoxicity, blood-brain barrier integrity, and inflammation. NMDARs have thus emerged as key targets for the treatment of neurological disorders. By their large extracellular regions and complex intracellular structures, NMDARs are modulated by a variety of endogenous and pharmacological compounds. Here, we will present an overview of NMDAR functions on neurons and other important cell types involved in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative, neurovascular, mental, autoimmune, and neurodevelopmental diseases. We will then discuss past and future development of NMDAR targeting drugs, including innovative and promising new approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Seillier
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM, GIP Cyceron, Institute Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie (BB@C), UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), 14000 Caen, France
| | - Flavie Lesept
- Lys Therapeutics, Cyceron, Boulevard Henri Becquerel, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Olivier Toutirais
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM, GIP Cyceron, Institute Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie (BB@C), UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), 14000 Caen, France
- Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility (HLA), Caen University Hospital, CHU, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Fanny Potzeha
- Lys Therapeutics, Cyceron, Boulevard Henri Becquerel, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Manuel Blanc
- Lys Therapeutics, Cyceron, Boulevard Henri Becquerel, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Denis Vivien
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM, GIP Cyceron, Institute Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie (BB@C), UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), 14000 Caen, France
- Department of Clinical Research, Caen University Hospital, CHU, 14000 Caen, France
- Correspondence:
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8
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PKCδ-positive GABAergic neurons in the central amygdala exhibit tissue-type plasminogen activator: role in the control of anxiety. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:2197-2205. [PMID: 35145231 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01455-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is a serine protease expressed in several brain regions and reported to be involved in the control of emotional and cognitive functions. Nevertheless, little is known about the structure-function relationships of these tPA-dependent behaviors. Here, by using a new model of constitutive tPA-deficient mice (tPAnull), we first show that tPA controls locomotor activity, spatial cognition and anxiety. To investigate the brain structures involved in these tPA-dependent behavioral phenotypes, we next generated tPAflox mice allowing conditional tPA deletion (cKO) following stereotaxic injections of adeno-associated virus driving Cre-recombinase expression (AAV-Cre-GFP). We demonstrate that tPA removal in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus induces hyperactivity and partial spatial memory deficits. Moreover, the deletion of tPA in the central nucleus of the amygdala, but not in the basolateral nucleus, induces hyperactivity and reduced anxiety-like level. Importantly, we prove that these behaviors depend on the tPA present in the adult brain and not on neurodevelopmental disorders. Also, interestingly, our data show that tPA from Protein kinase-C delta-positive (PKCδ) GABAergic interneurons of the lateral/ capsular part of adult mouse central amygdala controls emotional functions through neuronal activation of the medial central amygdala. Together, our study brings new data about the critical central role of tPA in behavioral modulations in adult mice.
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Yuan C, Gao A, Xu Q, Zhang B, Xue R, Dou Y, Yu C. A multi-dosing regimen to enhance the spatial memory of normal rats with α5-containing GABA A receptor negative allosteric modulator L-655,708. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:3375-3389. [PMID: 34389882 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05951-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES The reported inconsistent effects of negative allosteric modulators of α5-containing GABAA receptors on learning and memory may be attributed to receptor selectivity, effective plasma concentration maintenance, and administration time. This study aimed to compare the effects of L-655,708 administered by single-dosing regimen versus multi-dosing regimen on spatial memory, signaling molecules, and brain functional connectivity. METHODS After comparing the maintenance time of the effective plasma concentration of L-655,708 between multi-dosing and single-dosing regimens, we further compared the effects of the administration of the two regimens at different phases (before-learning, during-learning, and before-probe) of the Morris water maze (MWM) test on the performance of learning and memory and the levels of signaling molecules related to learning and memory in hippocampal tissues. Functional connectivity analyses between hippocampal and cortical regions were performed to further clarify the effects of the multi-dosing regimen. RESULTS The multi-dosing regimen could maintain the effective plasma concentration of L-655,708 much longer than the single-dosing regimen. Only the multi-dosing regimen for L-655,708 administration during the learning period led to significant improvement in spatial memory in the MWM test and increases in levels of glutamate receptors and phosphorylated signaling molecules (p-PKAα, p-CaMKII, and p-CREB-1). Compared with the vehicle control, the multi-dosing regimen increased the functional connectivity of the left hippocampal CA1 with cingulate and motor cortices. CONCLUSIONS A multi-dosing regimen for L-655,708 administered during the learning period is an effective strategy to improve spatial memory, increase signaling molecule levels, and enhance the functional connectivity of the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Yuan
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - An Gao
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Xue
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Dou
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chunshui Yu
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China.
- School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Young D. The NMDA Receptor Antibody Paradox: A Possible Approach to Developing Immunotherapies Targeting the NMDA Receptor. Front Neurol 2020; 11:635. [PMID: 32719654 PMCID: PMC7347966 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) play a key role in brain development and function, including contributing to the pathogenesis of many neurological disorders. Immunization against the GluN1 subunit of the NMDAR and the production of GluN1 antibodies is associated with neuroprotective and seizure-protective effects in rodent models of stroke and epilepsy, respectively. Whilst these data suggest the potential for the development of GluN1 antibody therapy, paradoxically GluN1 autoantibodies in humans are associated with the pathogenesis of the autoimmune disease anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. This review discusses possible reasons for the differential effects of GluN1 antibodies on NMDAR physiology that could contribute to these phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Young
- Molecular Neurotherapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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11
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Bres EE, Faissner A. Low Density Receptor-Related Protein 1 Interactions With the Extracellular Matrix: More Than Meets the Eye. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:31. [PMID: 30931303 PMCID: PMC6428713 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a biological substrate composed of collagens, proteoglycans and glycoproteins that ensures proper cell migration and adhesion and keeps the cell architecture intact. The regulation of the ECM composition is a vital process strictly controlled by, among others, proteases, growth factors and adhesion receptors. As it appears, ECM remodeling is also essential for proper neuronal and glial development and the establishment of adequate synaptic signaling. Hence, disturbances in ECM functioning are often present in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease. Moreover, mutations in ECM molecules are found in some forms of epilepsy and malfunctioning of ECM-related genes and pathways can be seen in, for example, cancer or ischemic injury. Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (Lrp1) is a member of the low density lipoprotein receptor family. Lrp1 is involved not only in ligand uptake, receptor mediated endocytosis and lipoprotein transport—functions shared by low density lipoprotein receptor family members—but also regulates cell surface protease activity, controls cellular entry and binding of toxins and viruses, protects against atherosclerosis and acts on many cell signaling pathways. Given the plethora of functions, it is not surprising that Lrp1 also impacts the ECM and is involved in its remodeling. This review focuses on the role of Lrp1 and some of its major ligands on ECM function. Specifically, interactions with two Lrp1 ligands, integrins and tissue plasminogen activator are described in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa E Bres
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas Faissner
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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12
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Hébert M, Anfray A, Chevilley A, Martinez de Lizarrondo S, Quenault A, Louessard M, Roussel BD, Obiang P, Save E, Orset C, Maubert E, Vivien D, Agin V. Distant Space Processing is Controlled by tPA-dependent NMDA Receptor Signaling in the Entorhinal Cortex. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:4783-4796. [PMID: 27613436 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, spatial cognition and navigation impairments are a frequent situation during physiological and pathological aging, leading to a dramatic deterioration in the quality of life. Despite the discovery of neurons with location-specific activity in rodents, that is, place cells in the hippocampus and later on grid cells in the entorhinal cortex (EC), the molecular mechanisms underlying spatial cognition are still poorly known. Our present data bring together in an unusual combination 2 molecules of primary biological importance: a major neuronal excitatory receptor, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), and an extracellular protease, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), in the control of spatial navigation. By using tPA-deficient mice and a structure-selective pharmacological approach, we demonstrate that the tPA-dependent NMDAR signaling potentiation in the EC plays a key and selective role in the encoding and the subsequent use of distant landmarks during spatial learning. We also demonstrate that this novel function of tPA in the EC is reduced during aging. Overall, these results argue for the concept that encoding of proximal versus distal landmarks is mediated not only by different anatomical pathways but also by different molecular mechanisms, with the tPA-dependent potentiation of NMDAR signaling in the EC that plays an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Hébert
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, Sérine protéases et physiopathologie de l'unité neurovasculaire, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Antoine Anfray
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, Sérine protéases et physiopathologie de l'unité neurovasculaire, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Arnaud Chevilley
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, Sérine protéases et physiopathologie de l'unité neurovasculaire, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Sara Martinez de Lizarrondo
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, Sérine protéases et physiopathologie de l'unité neurovasculaire, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Aurélien Quenault
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, Sérine protéases et physiopathologie de l'unité neurovasculaire, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Morgane Louessard
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, Sérine protéases et physiopathologie de l'unité neurovasculaire, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Benoit D Roussel
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, Sérine protéases et physiopathologie de l'unité neurovasculaire, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Pauline Obiang
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, Sérine protéases et physiopathologie de l'unité neurovasculaire, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Etienne Save
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience UMR 7291, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, 3 Place Victor Hugo, F-13331 Marseille Cedex 3, France
| | - Cyrille Orset
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, Sérine protéases et physiopathologie de l'unité neurovasculaire, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Eric Maubert
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, Sérine protéases et physiopathologie de l'unité neurovasculaire, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Denis Vivien
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, Sérine protéases et physiopathologie de l'unité neurovasculaire, 14000 Caen, France.,Biology Department, Clinical Research Department Medical Center, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Véronique Agin
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, Sérine protéases et physiopathologie de l'unité neurovasculaire, 14000 Caen, France
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13
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Smith CJ, Hulme S, Vail A, Heal C, Parry-Jones AR, Scarth S, Hopkins K, Hoadley M, Allan SM, Rothwell NJ, Hopkins SJ, Tyrrell PJ. SCIL-STROKE (Subcutaneous Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist in Ischemic Stroke): A Randomized Controlled Phase 2 Trial. Stroke 2018; 49:1210-1216. [PMID: 29567761 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.118.020750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The proinflammatory cytokine IL-1 (interleukin-1) has a deleterious role in cerebral ischemia, which is attenuated by IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra). IL-1 induces peripheral inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin-6, which are associated with worse prognosis after ischemic stroke. We investigated whether subcutaneous IL-1Ra reduces the peripheral inflammatory response in acute ischemic stroke. METHODS SCIL-STROKE (Subcutaneous Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist in Ischemic Stroke) was a single-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial of subcutaneous IL-1Ra (100 mg administered twice daily for 3 days) in patients presenting within 5 hours of ischemic stroke onset. Randomization was stratified for baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score and thrombolysis. Measurement of plasma interleukin-6 and other peripheral inflammatory markers was undertaken at 5 time points. The primary outcome was difference in concentration of log(interleukin-6) as area under the curve to day 3. Secondary outcomes included exploratory effect of IL-1Ra on 3-month outcome with the modified Rankin Scale. RESULTS We recruited 80 patients (mean age, 72 years; median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, 12) of whom 73% received intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase. IL-1Ra significantly reduced plasma interleukin-6 (P<0.001) and plasma C-reactive protein (P<0.001). IL-1Ra was well tolerated with no safety concerns. Allocation to IL-1Ra was not associated with a favorable outcome on modified Rankin Scale: odds ratio (95% confidence interval)=0.67 (0.29-1.52), P=0.34. Exploratory mediation analysis suggested that IL-1Ra improved clinical outcome by reducing inflammation, but there was a statistically significant, alternative mechanism countering this benefit. CONCLUSIONS IL-1Ra reduced plasma inflammatory markers which are known to be associated with worse clinical outcome in ischemic stroke. Subcutaneous IL-1Ra is safe and well tolerated. Further experimental studies are required to investigate efficacy and possible interactions of IL-1Ra with thrombolysis. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: ISRCTN74236229.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig J Smith
- From the Greater Manchester Comprehensive Stroke Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom (C.J.S., A.R.P.-J., P.J.T.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, United Kingdom (C.J.S., S.H., A.R.P.-J., S.S., K.H., M.H., S.J.H., P.J.T.)
| | - Sharon Hulme
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, United Kingdom (C.J.S., S.H., A.R.P.-J., S.S., K.H., M.H., S.J.H., P.J.T.)
| | - Andy Vail
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, United Kingdom (C.J.S., S.H., A.R.P.-J., S.S., K.H., M.H., S.J.H., P.J.T.)
- Centre for Biostatistics, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, United Kingdom (A.V., C.H.)
| | - Calvin Heal
- Centre for Biostatistics, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, United Kingdom (A.V., C.H.)
| | - Adrian R Parry-Jones
- From the Greater Manchester Comprehensive Stroke Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom (C.J.S., A.R.P.-J., P.J.T.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, United Kingdom (C.J.S., S.H., A.R.P.-J., S.S., K.H., M.H., S.J.H., P.J.T.)
| | - Sylvia Scarth
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, United Kingdom (C.J.S., S.H., A.R.P.-J., S.S., K.H., M.H., S.J.H., P.J.T.)
| | - Karen Hopkins
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, United Kingdom (C.J.S., S.H., A.R.P.-J., S.S., K.H., M.H., S.J.H., P.J.T.)
| | - Margaret Hoadley
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, United Kingdom (C.J.S., S.H., A.R.P.-J., S.S., K.H., M.H., S.J.H., P.J.T.)
| | - Stuart M Allan
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, United Kingdom (S.M.A., N.J.R.)
| | - Nancy J Rothwell
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, United Kingdom (S.M.A., N.J.R.)
| | - Stephen J Hopkins
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, United Kingdom (C.J.S., S.H., A.R.P.-J., S.S., K.H., M.H., S.J.H., P.J.T.)
| | - Pippa J Tyrrell
- From the Greater Manchester Comprehensive Stroke Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom (C.J.S., A.R.P.-J., P.J.T.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, United Kingdom (C.J.S., S.H., A.R.P.-J., S.S., K.H., M.H., S.J.H., P.J.T.)
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14
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Caraci F, Iulita MF, Pentz R, Flores Aguilar L, Orciani C, Barone C, Romano C, Drago F, Cuello AC. Searching for new pharmacological targets for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease in Down syndrome. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 817:7-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Abstract
We all know about classical fibrinolysis, how plasminogen activation by either tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) or urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) promotes fibrin breakdown, and how this process was harnessed for the therapeutic removal of blood clots. While this is still perfectly true and still applicable to thromboembolic conditions today, another dimension to this system came to light over two decades ago that implicated the plasminogen activating system in a context far removed from the dissolution of blood clots. This unsuspected area related to brain biology where t-PA was linked to a plethora of activities in the CNS, some of which do not necessarily require plasmin generation. Indeed, t-PA either directly or via plasmin, has been shown to not only have key roles in modulating astrocytes, neurons, microglia, and pericytes, but also to have profound effects in a number of CNS conditions, including ischaemic stroke, severe traumatic brain injury and also in neurodegenerative disorders. While compelling insights have been obtained from various animal models, the clinical relevance of aberrant expression of these components in the CNS, although strongly implied, are only just emerging. This review will cover these areas and will also discuss how the use of thrombolytic agents and anti-fibrinolytic drugs may potentially have impacts outside of their clinical intention, particularly in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Medcalf
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
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16
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Green TN, Hamilton JR, Morel-Kopp MC, Zheng Z, Chen TYT, Hearn JI, Sun PP, Flanagan JU, Young D, Barber PA, During MJ, Ward CM, Kalev-Zylinska ML. Inhibition of NMDA receptor function with an anti-GluN1-S2 antibody impairs human platelet function and thrombosis. Platelets 2017; 28:799-811. [PMID: 28277064 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2017.1280149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
GluN1 is a mandatory component of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) best known for their roles in the brain, but with increasing evidence for relevance in peripheral tissues, including platelets. Certain anti-GluN1 antibodies reduce brain infarcts in rodent models of ischaemic stroke. There is also evidence that human anti-GluN1 autoantibodies reduce neuronal damage in stroke patients, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. This study investigated whether anti-GluN1-mediated neuroprotection involves inhibition of platelet function. Four commercial anti-GluN1 antibodies were screened for their abilities to inhibit human platelet aggregation. Haematological parameters were examined in rats vaccinated with GluN1. Platelet effects of a mouse monoclonal antibody targeting the glycine-binding region of GluN1 (GluN1-S2) were tested in assays of platelet activation, aggregation and thrombus formation. The epitope of anti-GluN1-S2 was mapped and the mechanism of antibody action modelled using crystal structures of GluN1. Our work found that rats vaccinated with GluN1 had a mildly prolonged bleeding time and carried antibodies targeting mostly GluN1-S2. The monoclonal anti-GluN1-S2 antibody (from BD Biosciences) inhibited activation and aggregation of human platelets in the presence of adrenaline, adenosine diphosphate, collagen, thrombin and a protease-activated receptor 1-activating peptide. When human blood was flowed over collagen-coated surfaces, anti-GluN1-S2 impaired thrombus growth and stability. The epitope of anti-GluN1-S2 was mapped to α-helix H located within the glycine-binding clamshell of GluN1, where the antibody binding was computationally predicted to impair opening of the NMDAR channel. Our results indicate that anti-GluN1-S2 inhibits function of human platelets, including dense granule release and thrombus growth. Findings add to the evidence that platelet NMDARs regulate thrombus formation and suggest a novel mechanism by which anti-GluN1 autoantibodies limit stroke-induced neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taryn N Green
- a Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Justin R Hamilton
- b Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Marie-Christine Morel-Kopp
- c Department of Haematology and Transfusion Medicine , Royal North Shore Hospital , Sydney , Australia.,d Northern Blood Research Centre, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia
| | - Zhaohua Zheng
- b Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Ting-Yu T Chen
- a Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand.,e Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - James I Hearn
- a Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Peng P Sun
- a Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Jack U Flanagan
- f Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand.,g Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Deborah Young
- e Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - P Alan Barber
- h Department of Neurology , Auckland City Hospital , Auckland , New Zealand.,i Centre for Brain Research , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Matthew J During
- a Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand.,j Departments of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics , Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Christopher M Ward
- c Department of Haematology and Transfusion Medicine , Royal North Shore Hospital , Sydney , Australia.,d Northern Blood Research Centre, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia
| | - Maggie L Kalev-Zylinska
- a Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand.,k LabPlus Haematology , Auckland City Hospital , Auckland , New Zealand
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17
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Chen HS, Qi SH, Shen JG. One-Compound-Multi-Target: Combination Prospect of Natural Compounds with Thrombolytic Therapy in Acute Ischemic Stroke. Curr Neuropharmacol 2017; 15:134-156. [PMID: 27334020 PMCID: PMC5327453 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x14666160620102055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is the only FDA-approved drug for acute ischemic stroke treatment, but its clinical use is limited due to the narrow therapeutic time window and severe adverse effects, including hemorrhagic transformation (HT) and neurotoxicity. One of the potential resolutions is to use adjunct therapies to reduce the side effects and extend t-PA's therapeutic time window. However, therapies modulating single target seem not to be satisfied, and a multitarget strategy is warranted to resolve such complex disease. Recently, large amount of efforts have been made to explore the active compounds from herbal supplements to treat ischemic stroke. Some natural compounds revealed both neuro- and bloodbrain- barrier (BBB)-protective effects by concurrently targeting multiple cellular signaling pathways in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Thus, those compounds are potential to be one-drug-multi-target agents as combined therapy with t-PA for ischemic stroke. In this review article, we summarize current progress about molecular targets involving in t-PA-mediated HT and neurotoxicity in ischemic brain injury. Based on these targets, we select 23 promising compounds from currently available literature with the bioactivities simultaneously targeting several important molecular targets. We propose that those compounds merit further investigation as combined therapy with t-PA. Finally, we discuss the potential drawbacks of the natural compounds' studies and raise several important issues to be addressed in the future for the development of natural compound as an adjunct therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Sen Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R, P. R China
- The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), China
| | - Su-Hua Qi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jian-Gang Shen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R, P. R China
- The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), China
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18
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Lesept F, Chevilley A, Jezequel J, Ladépêche L, Macrez R, Aimable M, Lenoir S, Bertrand T, Rubrecht L, Galea P, Lebouvier L, Petersen KU, Hommet Y, Maubert E, Ali C, Groc L, Vivien D. Tissue-type plasminogen activator controls neuronal death by raising surface dynamics of extrasynaptic NMDA receptors. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2466. [PMID: 27831563 PMCID: PMC5260909 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are ion channels whose synaptic versus extrasynaptic localization critically influences their functions. This distribution of NMDARs is highly dependent on their lateral diffusion at the cell membrane. Each obligatory subunit of NMDARs (GluN1 and GluN2) contains two extracellular clamshell-like domains with an agonist-binding domain and a distal N-terminal domain (NTD). To date, the roles and dynamics of the NTD of the GluN1 subunit in NMDAR allosteric signaling remain poorly understood. Using single nanoparticle tracking in mouse neurons, we demonstrate that the extracellular neuronal protease tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), well known to have a role in the synaptic plasticity and neuronal survival, leads to a selective increase of the surface dynamics and subsequent diffusion of extrasynaptic NMDARs. This process explains the previously reported ability of tPA to promote NMDAR-mediated calcium influx. In parallel, we developed a monoclonal antibody capable of specifically blocking the interaction of tPA with the NTD of the GluN1 subunit of NMDAR. Using this original approach, we demonstrate that the tPA binds the NTD of the GluN1 subunit at a lysine in position 178. Accordingly, when applied to mouse neurons, our selected antibody (named Glunomab) leads to a selective reduction of the tPA-mediated surface dynamics of extrasynaptic NMDARs, subsequent signaling and neurotoxicity, both in vitro and in vivo. Altogether, we demonstrate that the tPA is a ligand of the NTD of the obligatory GluN1 subunit of NMDAR acting as a modulator of their dynamic distribution at the neuronal surface and subsequent signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavie Lesept
- Inserm, Inserm UMR-S U919, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, Université Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Arnaud Chevilley
- Inserm, Inserm UMR-S U919, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, Université Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Julie Jezequel
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Université de Bordeaux UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France.,CNRS IINS UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurent Ladépêche
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Université de Bordeaux UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France.,CNRS IINS UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Richard Macrez
- Inserm, Inserm UMR-S U919, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, Université Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Margaux Aimable
- Inserm, Inserm UMR-S U919, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, Université Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Sophie Lenoir
- Inserm, Inserm UMR-S U919, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, Université Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Thomas Bertrand
- Inserm, Inserm UMR-S U919, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, Université Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | | | | | - Laurent Lebouvier
- Inserm, Inserm UMR-S U919, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, Université Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | | | - Yannick Hommet
- Inserm, Inserm UMR-S U919, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, Université Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Eric Maubert
- Inserm, Inserm UMR-S U919, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, Université Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Carine Ali
- Inserm, Inserm UMR-S U919, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, Université Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Laurent Groc
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Université de Bordeaux UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France.,CNRS IINS UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Denis Vivien
- Inserm, Inserm UMR-S U919, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, Université Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
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Uddin MS, Mamun AA, Hossain MS, Akter F, Iqbal MA, Asaduzzaman M. Exploring the Effect of Phyllanthus emblica L. on Cognitive Performance, Brain Antioxidant Markers and Acetylcholinesterase Activity in Rats: Promising Natural Gift for the Mitigation of Alzheimer's Disease. Ann Neurosci 2016; 23:218-229. [PMID: 27780989 PMCID: PMC5075744 DOI: 10.1159/000449482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are incurable and debilitating conditions that result in the progressive degeneration of nerve cells, which affect the cognitive activity. Currently, as a result of multiple studies linking Alzheimer's disease (AD) to oxidative damage, the uses of natural antioxidant to prevent, delay, or enhance the pathological changes underlying the progression of AD has received considerable attention. Therefore, this study was aimed at examining the effect of ethanolic extracts of Phyllanthus emblica (EEPE) ripe (EEPEr) and EEPE unripe (EEPEu) fruits on cognitive functions, brain antioxidant enzymes, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in rat. The effects of EEPEr and EEPEu fruits (i.e., 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w.) were examined in Swiss albino male rats for 12 days and its effect on cognitive functions, brain antioxidant enzymes, and AChE activity determined. Learning and memory enhancing activity of EEPE fruit was examined by using passive avoidance test and rewarded alternation test. Antioxidant potentiality was evaluated by measuring the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase, reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase, and the contents of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in entire brain tissue homogenates. AChE activity was determined using colorimetric method. Administration of the highest dose (i.e., 200 mg/kg b.w.) of EEPEr fruit significantly (p < 0.01) and both lowest and highest doses (i.e., 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w.) of EEPEu fruit markedly (p < 0.05, p < 0.001) increased step-through latency in rats on 6th, 11th, and 12th day with respect to the control group. For aforementioned doses, the percentage of memory retention (MR) was considerably (p < 0.05, p < 0.01) increased in rats on 10th, 11th, and 12th days with respect to the control group. The extract, particularly highest dose (i.e., 200 mg/kg b.w.) of EEPEr fruit markedly (p < 0.05) and lowest and highest doses (i.e., 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w.) of EEPEu fruit significantly (p < 0.01) increased the correct responses in rats on 6th, and 12th day related to the control group. In case of this test, the percentage of MR was significantly (p < 0.05, p < 0.01) increased in rats treated with aforementioned doses on 12th day with respect to the control group. The highest dose (i.e., 200 mg/kg b.w.) of EEPEr fruit suggestively (p < 0.05) and both lowest and highest doses (i.e., 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w.) of EEPEu fruit suggestively (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001) increased the levels of SOD, CAT, GSH, GSH-Px and expressively (p < 0.01) decreased the TBARS level compared to the control group. Treatment with the highest dose (i.e., 200 mg/kg b.w.) of EEPEr fruit significantly (p < 0.05) and both lowest and highest doses (i.e., 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w.) of EEPEu fruit markedly (p < 0.01, p < 0.001) decreased the level of AChE activity compared to that of the control group. The present study shows that EEPE fruit possesses an excellent source for natural cognitive enhancer which could be developed in the treatment of AD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md. Sarwar Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Farjana Akter
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md. Asaduzzaman
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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20
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Macrez R, Ortega MC, Bardou I, Mehra A, Fournier A, Van der Pol SMA, Haelewyn B, Maubert E, Lesept F, Chevilley A, de Castro F, De Vries HE, Vivien D, Clemente D, Docagne F. Neuroendothelial NMDA receptors as therapeutic targets in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Brain 2016; 139:2406-19. [PMID: 27435092 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is among the most common causes of neurological disability in young adults. Here we provide the preclinical proof of concept of the benefit of a novel strategy of treatment for multiple sclerosis targeting neuroendothelial N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptors. We designed a monoclonal antibody against N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, which targets a regulatory site of the GluN1 subunit of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor sensitive to the protease tissue plasminogen activator. This antibody reverted the effect of tissue plasminogen activator on N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor function without affecting basal N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activity (n = 21, P < 0.01). This antibody bound N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors on the luminal surface of neurovascular endothelium in human tissues and in mouse, at the vicinity of tight junctions of the blood-spinal cord barrier. Noteworthy, it reduced human leucocyte transmigration in an in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier (n = 12, P < 0.05). When injected during the effector phase of MOG-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (n = 24), it blocked the progression of neurological impairments, reducing cumulative clinical score (P < 0.001) and mean peak score (P < 0.001). This effect was observed in wild-type animals but not in tissue plasminogen activator knock-out animals (n = 10). This therapeutic effect was associated to a preservation of the blood-spinal cord barrier (n = 6, P < 0.001), leading to reduced leucocyte infiltration (n = 6, P < 0.001). Overall, this study unveils a critical function of endothelial N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor in multiple sclerosis, and highlights the therapeutic potential of strategies targeting the protease-regulated site of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Macrez
- 1 INSERM, INSERM-U919, Caen Cedex, F-14074 France 2 Universite' de Caen BasseNormandie, Caen Cedex, F-14074 France 3 GIP Cyceron, Caen, F-14074 France
| | - Maria C Ortega
- 4 Grupo de Grupo de Neurobiología del Desarrollo-GNDe. Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos - Toledo, Spain
| | - Isabelle Bardou
- 1 INSERM, INSERM-U919, Caen Cedex, F-14074 France 2 Universite' de Caen BasseNormandie, Caen Cedex, F-14074 France 3 GIP Cyceron, Caen, F-14074 France
| | - Anupriya Mehra
- 1 INSERM, INSERM-U919, Caen Cedex, F-14074 France 2 Universite' de Caen BasseNormandie, Caen Cedex, F-14074 France 3 GIP Cyceron, Caen, F-14074 France
| | - Antoine Fournier
- 1 INSERM, INSERM-U919, Caen Cedex, F-14074 France 2 Universite' de Caen BasseNormandie, Caen Cedex, F-14074 France 3 GIP Cyceron, Caen, F-14074 France
| | - Susanne M A Van der Pol
- 5 Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Benoit Haelewyn
- 6 Centre Universitaire de Ressources Biologiques, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Eric Maubert
- 1 INSERM, INSERM-U919, Caen Cedex, F-14074 France 2 Universite' de Caen BasseNormandie, Caen Cedex, F-14074 France 3 GIP Cyceron, Caen, F-14074 France
| | - Flavie Lesept
- 1 INSERM, INSERM-U919, Caen Cedex, F-14074 France 2 Universite' de Caen BasseNormandie, Caen Cedex, F-14074 France 3 GIP Cyceron, Caen, F-14074 France
| | - Arnaud Chevilley
- 1 INSERM, INSERM-U919, Caen Cedex, F-14074 France 2 Universite' de Caen BasseNormandie, Caen Cedex, F-14074 France 3 GIP Cyceron, Caen, F-14074 France
| | - Fernando de Castro
- 4 Grupo de Grupo de Neurobiología del Desarrollo-GNDe. Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos - Toledo, Spain 7 Grupo de Neurobiología del Desarrollo-GNDe. Instituto Cajal. CSIC - Madrid, Spain
| | - Helga E De Vries
- 5 Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Denis Vivien
- 1 INSERM, INSERM-U919, Caen Cedex, F-14074 France 2 Universite' de Caen BasseNormandie, Caen Cedex, F-14074 France 3 GIP Cyceron, Caen, F-14074 France
| | - Diego Clemente
- 4 Grupo de Grupo de Neurobiología del Desarrollo-GNDe. Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos - Toledo, Spain 8 Grupo de Neuroimmuno-reparación. Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos - Toledo, Spain
| | - Fabian Docagne
- 1 INSERM, INSERM-U919, Caen Cedex, F-14074 France 2 Universite' de Caen BasseNormandie, Caen Cedex, F-14074 France 3 GIP Cyceron, Caen, F-14074 France
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21
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Dong MX, Hu QC, Shen P, Pan JX, Wei YD, Liu YY, Ren YF, Liang ZH, Wang HY, Zhao LB, Xie P. Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator Induces Neurological Side Effects Independent on Thrombolysis in Mechanical Animal Models of Focal Cerebral Infarction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158848. [PMID: 27387385 PMCID: PMC4936748 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) is the only effective drug approved by US FDA to treat ischemic stroke, and it contains pleiotropic effects besides thrombolysis. We performed a meta-analysis to clarify effect of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) on cerebral infarction besides its thrombolysis property in mechanical animal stroke. METHODS Relevant studies were identified by two reviewers after searching online databases, including Pubmed, Embase, and ScienceDirect, from 1979 to 2016. We identified 6, 65, 17, 12, 16, 12 and 13 comparisons reporting effect of endogenous tPA on infarction volume and effects of rtPA on infarction volume, blood-brain barrier, brain edema, intracerebral hemorrhage, neurological function and mortality rate in all 47 included studies. Standardized mean differences for continuous measures and risk ratio for dichotomous measures were calculated to assess the effects of endogenous tPA and rtPA on cerebral infarction in animals. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Stroke Therapy Academic Industry Roundtable score. Subgroup analysis, meta-regression and sensitivity analysis were performed to explore sources of heterogeneity. Funnel plot, Trim and Fill method and Egger's test were obtained to detect publication bias. RESULTS We found that both endogenous tPA and rtPA had not enlarged infarction volume, or deteriorated neurological function. However, rtPA would disrupt blood-brain barrier, aggravate brain edema, induce intracerebral hemorrhage and increase mortality rate. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis reveals rtPA can lead to neurological side effects besides thrombolysis in mechanical animal stroke, which may account for clinical exacerbation for stroke patients that do not achieve vascular recanalization with rtPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Xue Dong
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing-Chuan Hu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Shen
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun-Xi Pan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
| | - You-Dong Wei
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi-Yun Liu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi-Fei Ren
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zi-Hong Liang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hai-Yang Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Li-Bo Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail:
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22
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Wang H, Peng RY. Basic roles of key molecules connected with NMDAR signaling pathway on regulating learning and memory and synaptic plasticity. Mil Med Res 2016; 3:26. [PMID: 27583167 PMCID: PMC5006437 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-016-0095-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
With key roles in essential brain functions ranging from the long-term potentiation (LTP) to synaptic plasticity, the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) can be considered as one of the fundamental glutamate receptors in the central nervous system. The role of NMDA R was first identified in synaptic plasticity and has been extensively studied. Some molecules, such as Ca(2+), postsynaptic density 95 (PSD-95), calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMK II), protein kinase A (PKA), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) responsive element binding protein (CREB), are of special importance in learning and memory. This review mainly focused on the new research of key molecules connected with learning and memory, which played important roles in the NMDAR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850 China
| | - Rui-Yun Peng
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850 China
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23
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Uddin MS, Mamun AA, Iqbal MA, Islam A, Hossain MF, Khanum S, Rashid M. Analyzing Nootropic Effect of <i>Phyllanthus reticulatus</i> Poir. on Cognitive Functions, Brain Antioxidant Enzymes and Acetylcholinesterase Activity against Aluminium-Induced Alzheimer’s Model in Rats: Applicable for Controlling the Risk Factors of Alzheimer’s Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/aad.2016.53007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Hébert M, Lesept F, Vivien D, Macrez R. The story of an exceptional serine protease, tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA). Rev Neurol (Paris) 2015; 172:186-97. [PMID: 26626577 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The only acute treatment of ischemic stroke approved by the health authorities is tissue recombinant plasminogen activator (tPA)-induced thrombolysis. Under physiological conditions, tPA, belonging to the serine protease family, is secreted by endothelial and brain cells (neurons, astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes). Although revascularisation induced by tPA is beneficial during a stroke, research over the past 20 years shows that tPA can also be deleterious for the brain parenchyma. Thus, in this review of the literature, after a brief history on the discovery of tPA, we reviewed current knowledge of mechanisms by which tPA can influence brain function in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hébert
- Inserm, UMR-S U919 serine proteases and pathophysiology of the neurovascular unit, 14000 Caen, France
| | - F Lesept
- Inserm, UMR-S U919 serine proteases and pathophysiology of the neurovascular unit, 14000 Caen, France
| | - D Vivien
- Inserm, UMR-S U919 serine proteases and pathophysiology of the neurovascular unit, 14000 Caen, France
| | - R Macrez
- Inserm, UMR-S U919 serine proteases and pathophysiology of the neurovascular unit, 14000 Caen, France.
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25
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The Role of Proteases in Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity: Putting Together Small Pieces of a Complex Puzzle. Neurochem Res 2015; 41:156-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1752-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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26
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Wiera G, Mozrzymas JW. Extracellular proteolysis in structural and functional plasticity of mossy fiber synapses in hippocampus. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:427. [PMID: 26582976 PMCID: PMC4631828 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain is continuously altered in response to experience and environmental changes. One of the underlying mechanisms is synaptic plasticity, which is manifested by modification of synapse structure and function. It is becoming clear that regulated extracellular proteolysis plays a pivotal role in the structural and functional remodeling of synapses during brain development, learning and memory formation. Clearly, plasticity mechanisms may substantially differ between projections. Mossy fiber synapses onto CA3 pyramidal cells display several unique functional features, including pronounced short-term facilitation, a presynaptically expressed long-term potentiation (LTP) that is independent of NMDAR activation, and NMDA-dependent metaplasticity. Moreover, structural plasticity at mossy fiber synapses ranges from the reorganization of projection topology after hippocampus-dependent learning, through intrinsically different dynamic properties of synaptic boutons to pre- and postsynaptic structural changes accompanying LTP induction. Although concomitant functional and structural plasticity in this pathway strongly suggests a role of extracellular proteolysis, its impact only starts to be investigated in this projection. In the present report, we review the role of extracellular proteolysis in various aspects of synaptic plasticity in hippocampal mossy fiber synapses. A growing body of evidence demonstrates that among perisynaptic proteases, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)/plasmin system, β-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and metalloproteinases play a crucial role in shaping plastic changes in this projection. We discuss recent advances and emerging hypotheses on the roles of proteases in mechanisms underlying mossy fiber target specific synaptic plasticity and memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Wiera
- Department of Animal Molecular Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University Wroclaw, Poland ; Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Biophysics, Wroclaw Medical University Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy W Mozrzymas
- Department of Animal Molecular Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University Wroclaw, Poland ; Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Biophysics, Wroclaw Medical University Wroclaw, Poland
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27
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Chevilley A, Lesept F, Lenoir S, Ali C, Parcq J, Vivien D. Impacts of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) on neuronal survival. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:415. [PMID: 26528141 PMCID: PMC4607783 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) a serine protease is constituted of five functional domains through which it interacts with different substrates, binding proteins, and receptors. In the last years, great interest has been given to the clinical relevance of targeting tPA in different diseases of the central nervous system, in particular stroke. Among its reported functions in the central nervous system, tPA displays both neurotrophic and neurotoxic effects. How can the protease mediate such opposite functions remain unclear but several hypotheses have been proposed. These include an influence of the degree of maturity and/or the type of neurons, of the level of tPA, of its origin (endogenous or exogenous) or of its form (single chain tPA versus two chain tPA). In this review, we will provide a synthetic snapshot of our current knowledge regarding the natural history of tPA and discuss how it sustains its pleiotropic functions with focus on excitotoxic/ischemic neuronal death and neuronal survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Chevilley
- INSERM, UMR-S U919 Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, Université Caen-Normandie Caen, France
| | - Flavie Lesept
- INSERM, UMR-S U919 Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, Université Caen-Normandie Caen, France
| | - Sophie Lenoir
- INSERM, UMR-S U919 Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, Université Caen-Normandie Caen, France
| | - Carine Ali
- INSERM, UMR-S U919 Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, Université Caen-Normandie Caen, France
| | - Jérôme Parcq
- INSERM, UMR-S U919 Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, Université Caen-Normandie Caen, France
| | - Denis Vivien
- INSERM, UMR-S U919 Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, Université Caen-Normandie Caen, France
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28
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Lee TW, Tsang VWK, Birch NP. Physiological and pathological roles of tissue plasminogen activator and its inhibitor neuroserpin in the nervous system. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:396. [PMID: 26528129 PMCID: PMC4602146 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Although its roles in the vascular space are most well-known, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is widely expressed in the developing and adult nervous system, where its activity is believed to be regulated by neuroserpin, a predominantly brain-specific member of the serpin family of protease inhibitors. In the normal physiological state, tPA has been shown to play roles in the development and plasticity of the nervous system. Ischemic damage, however, may lead to excess tPA activity in the brain and this is believed to contribute to neurodegeneration. In this article, we briefly review the physiological and pathological roles of tPA in the nervous system, which includes neuronal migration, axonal growth, synaptic plasticity, neuroprotection and neurodegeneration, as well as a contribution to neurological disease. We summarize tPA's multiple mechanisms of action and also highlight the contributions of the inhibitor neuroserpin to these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tet Woo Lee
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Vicky W K Tsang
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nigel P Birch
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland Auckland, New Zealand ; Brain Research New Zealand, Rangahau Roro Aotearoa Auckland, New Zealand
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29
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Robinson SD, Lee TW, Christie DL, Birch NP. Tissue plasminogen activator inhibits NMDA-receptor-mediated increases in calcium levels in cultured hippocampal neurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:404. [PMID: 26500501 PMCID: PMC4598481 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
NMDA receptors (NMDARs) play a critical role in neurotransmission, acting as essential mediators of many forms of synaptic plasticity, and also modulating aspects of development, synaptic transmission and cell death. NMDAR-induced responses are dependent on a range of factors including subunit composition and receptor location. Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) is a serine protease that has been reported to interact with NMDARs and modulate NMDAR activity. In this study we report that tPA inhibits NMDAR-mediated changes in intracellular calcium levels in cultures of primary hippocampal neurons stimulated by low (5 μM) but not high (50 μM) concentrations of NMDA. tPA also inhibited changes in calcium levels stimulated by presynaptic release of glutamate following treatment with bicucculine/4-aminopyridine (4-AP). Inhibition was dependent on the proteolytic activity of tPA but was unaffected by α2-antiplasmin, an inhibitor of the tPA substrate plasmin, and receptor-associated protein (RAP), a pan-ligand blocker of the low-density lipoprotein receptor, two proteins previously reported to modulate NMDAR activity. These findings suggest that tPA can modulate changes in intracellular calcium levels in a subset of NMDARs expressed in cultured embryonic hippocampal neurons through a mechanism that involves the proteolytic activity of tPA and synaptic NMDARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D Robinson
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tet Woo Lee
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David L Christie
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland Auckland, New Zealand ; Brain Research New Zealand, Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, University of Auckland Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nigel P Birch
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland Auckland, New Zealand ; Brain Research New Zealand, Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, University of Auckland Auckland, New Zealand
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30
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Gu RP, Fu LL, Jiang CH, Xu YF, Wang X, Yu J. Retina Is Protected by Neuroserpin from Ischemic/Reperfusion-Induced Injury Independent of Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130440. [PMID: 26176694 PMCID: PMC4503687 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the potential neuroprotective effect of neuroserpin (NSP) on acute retinal ischemic/reperfusion-induced (IR) injury. An IR injury model was established by elevating intraocular pressure (IOP) for 60 minutes in wild type and tPA-deficient (tPA-/-) mice. Prior to IR injury, 1 μL of 20 μmol/L NSP or an equal volume of bovine serum albumin (BSA) was intravitreally administered. Retinal function was evaluated by electroretinograph (ERG) and the number of apoptotic neurons was determined via TUNEL labeling. Caspase-3, -8, -9,poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)and their cleaved forms were subsequently analyzed. It was found that IR injury significantly damaged retinal function, inducing apoptosis in the retina, while NSP attenuated the loss of retinal function and significantly reduced the number of apoptotic neurons in both wild type and tPA-/- mice. The levels of cleaved caspase-3, cleaved PARP (the substrate of caspase-3) and caspase-9 (the modulator of the caspase-3), which had increased following IR injury, were significantly inhibited by NSP in both wild type and tPA-/- mice. NSP increased ischemic tolerance in the retina at least partially by inhibiting the intrinsic cell death signaling pathway of caspase-3. It was therefore concluded that the protective effect of neuroserpin maybe independent from its canonical interaction with a tissue-type plasminogen activator.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. P. Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences and Key Laboratory of Myopia of State Health Ministry, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - L. L. Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - C. H. Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences and Key Laboratory of Myopia of State Health Ministry, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, No. 5 people’s Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Y. F. Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences and Key Laboratory of Myopia of State Health Ministry, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - X. Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences and Key Laboratory of Myopia of State Health Ministry, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - J. Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences and Key Laboratory of Myopia of State Health Ministry, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
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Lemarchand E, Maubert E, Haelewyn B, Ali C, Rubio M, Vivien D. Stressed neurons protect themselves by a tissue-type plasminogen activator-mediated EGFR-dependent mechanism. Cell Death Differ 2015; 23:123-31. [PMID: 26068590 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In the central nervous system, tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) has been associated with both pro-death and prosurvival actions on neurons. In most cases, this has been related to exogenous tPA. In the present study, we addressed the influence of endogenous tPA. We first observed an increased transcription of tPA following either in vivo global brain ischemia in rats or in vitro oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) on mice and rats hippocampal slices. Hippocampal slices from tPA-deficient mice were more sensitive to OGD than wild-type slices. Pharmacological approaches targeting the known receptors of tPA revealed that only the inhibition of phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs) prevented the neuroprotective effect of endogenous tPA. This study shows that ischemic hippocampal neurons overproduce endogenous tPA as an intend to protect themselves from ischemic death, by a mechanism involving an activation of EGFRs. Thus, strategies contributing to promote either endogenous production of tPA or its associated EGFR-linked signaling pathway may have beneficial effects following brain injuries such as stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lemarchand
- INSERM UMR-S U919 Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, Université Caen Basse Normandie, Bd Henri Becquerel, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - E Maubert
- INSERM UMR-S U919 Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, Université Caen Basse Normandie, Bd Henri Becquerel, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - B Haelewyn
- ESRP (European Stroke Research Platform), Centre Universitaire de Ressources Biologiques (CURB), Université Caen Basse Normandie, Caen, France
| | - C Ali
- INSERM UMR-S U919 Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, Université Caen Basse Normandie, Bd Henri Becquerel, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - M Rubio
- INSERM UMR-S U919 Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, Université Caen Basse Normandie, Bd Henri Becquerel, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - D Vivien
- INSERM UMR-S U919 Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, Université Caen Basse Normandie, Bd Henri Becquerel, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
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Conantokin-G attenuates detrimental effects of NMDAR hyperactivity in an ischemic rat model of stroke. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122840. [PMID: 25822337 PMCID: PMC4379059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuroprotective activity of conantokin-G (con-G), a naturally occurring antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR), was neurologically and histologically compared in the core and peri-infarct regions after ischemia/reperfusion brain injury in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The contralateral regions served as robust internal controls. Intrathecal injection of con-G, post-middle carotid artery occlusion (MCAO), caused a dramatic decrease in brain infarct size and swelling at 4 hr, compared to 26 hr, and significant recovery of neurological deficits was observed at 26 hr. Administration of con-G facilitated neuronal recovery in the peri-infarct regions as observed by decreased neurodegeneration and diminished calcium microdeposits at 4 hr and 26 hr. Intact Microtubule Associated Protein (MAP2) staining and neuronal cytoarchitecture was observed in the peri-infarct regions of con-G treated rats at both timepoints. Con-G restored localization of GluN1 and GluN2B subunits in the neuronal soma, but not that of GluN2A, which was perinuclear in the peri-infarct regions at 4 hr and 26 hr. This suggests that molecular targeting of the GluN2B subunit has potential for reducing detrimental consequences of ischemia. Overall, the data demonstrated that stroke-induced NMDAR excitoxicity is ameliorated by con-G-mediated repair of neurological and neuroarchitectural deficits, as well as by reconstituting neuronal localization of GluN1 and GluN2B subunits in the peri-infarct region of the stroked brain.
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Rodier M, Prigent-Tessier A, Béjot Y, Jacquin A, Mossiat C, Marie C, Garnier P. Exogenous t-PA administration increases hippocampal mature BDNF levels. plasmin- or NMDA-dependent mechanism? PLoS One 2014; 9:e92416. [PMID: 24670989 PMCID: PMC3966802 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) through TrkB activation is central for brain functioning. Since the demonstration that plasmin is able to process pro-BDNF to mature BDNF and that these two forms have opposite effects on neuronal survival and plasticity, a particular attention has been paid to the link between tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)/plasmin system and BDNF metabolism. However, t-PA via its action on different N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunits is also considered as a neuromodulator of glutamatergic transmission. In this context, the aim of our study was to investigate the effect of recombinant (r)t-PA administration on brain BDNF metabolism in rats. In the hippocampus, we found that rt-PA (10 mg/kg) administration induced a progressive increase in mature BDNF levels associated with TrkB activation. In order to delineate the mechanistic involved, plasmin activity was assessed and its inhibition was attempted using tranexamic acid (30 or 300 mg/kg, i.v.) while NMDA receptors were antagonized with MK801 (0.3 or 3 mg/kg, i.p.) in combination with rt-PA treatment. Our results showed that despite a rise in rt-PA activity, rt-PA administration failed to increase hippocampal plasmin activity suggesting that the plasminogen/plasmin system is not involved whereas MK801 abrogated the augmentation in mature BDNF levels observed after rt-PA administration. All together, our results show that rt-PA administration induces increase in hippocampal mature BDNF expression and suggests that rt-PA contributes to the control of brain BDNF synthesis through a plasmin-independent potentiation of NMDA receptors signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Rodier
- Unité INSERM U1093 Cognition, Action et Plasticité Sensorimotrice, Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Anne Prigent-Tessier
- Unité INSERM U1093 Cognition, Action et Plasticité Sensorimotrice, Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Yannick Béjot
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Dijon, France
- Centre d’Epidémiologie des Populations, EA4184, Dijon, France
| | - Agnès Jacquin
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Dijon, France
- Centre d’Epidémiologie des Populations, EA4184, Dijon, France
| | - Claude Mossiat
- Unité INSERM U1093 Cognition, Action et Plasticité Sensorimotrice, Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Christine Marie
- Unité INSERM U1093 Cognition, Action et Plasticité Sensorimotrice, Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Philippe Garnier
- Unité INSERM U1093 Cognition, Action et Plasticité Sensorimotrice, Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Département Génie Biologique, IUT, Dijon, France
- * E-mail:
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Yu CY, Ng G, Liao P. Therapeutic antibodies in stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2013; 4:477-83. [PMID: 24098313 PMCID: PMC3787786 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-013-0281-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy represents an active area of biomedical research to treat cancer, autoimmune diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. In stroke, recanalization therapy is effective in reducing brain tissue damage after acute ischemic stroke. However, the narrow time window restricts its application for the majority of stroke patients. There is an urgent need to develop adjuvant therapies such as immunotherapy, stem cell replacement, and neuroprotective drugs. A number of molecules have been targeted for immunotherapy in stroke management, including myelin-associated proteins and their receptors, N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptors, cytokines, and cell adhesion molecules. Both active vaccination and passive antibodies were tested in animal models of acute ischemic stroke. However, the mechanisms underlying the efficacy of immunotherapy are different for each target protein. Blocking myelin-associated proteins may enhance neuroplasticity, whereas blocking adhesion molecules may yield neuroprotection by suppressing the immune response after stroke. Although results from animal studies are encouraging, clinical trials using therapeutic antibodies failed to improve stroke outcome due to severe side effects. It remains a challenge to generate specific therapeutic antibodies with minimal side effects on other organs and systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chye Yun Yu
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433 Singapore
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GluN2D subunit-containing NMDA receptors control tissue plasminogen activator-mediated spatial memory. J Neurosci 2012; 32:12726-34. [PMID: 22972996 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.6202-11.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is a serine protease with pleiotropic actions in the CNS, such as synaptic plasticity and neuronal death. Some effects of tPA require its interaction with the GluN1 subunit of the NMDA receptor (NMDAR), leading to a potentiation of NMDAR signaling. We have reported previously that the pro-neurotoxic effect of tPA is mediated through GluN2D subunit-containing NMDARs. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine whether GluN2D subunit-containing NMDARs drive tPA-mediated cognitive functions. To address this issue, a strategy of immunization designed to prevent the in vivo interaction of tPA with NMDARs and GluN2D-deficient mice were used in a set of behavioral tasks. Altogether, our data provide the first evidence that tPA influences spatial memory through its preferential interaction with GluN2D subunit-containing NMDARs.
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Krol S, Macrez R, Docagne F, Defer G, Laurent S, Rahman M, Hajipour MJ, Kehoe PG, Mahmoudi M. Therapeutic Benefits from Nanoparticles: The Potential Significance of Nanoscience in Diseases with Compromise to the Blood Brain Barrier. Chem Rev 2012; 113:1877-903. [DOI: 10.1021/cr200472g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silke Krol
- Fondazione IRCCS Institute of Neurology “Carlo Besta”, Milan, Italy
| | - Richard Macrez
- Inserm U919, University Caen Basse Normandie, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, GIP CYCERON, F-14074 Caen, France
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Caen, Caen, France
| | - Fabian Docagne
- Inserm U919, University Caen Basse Normandie, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, GIP CYCERON, F-14074 Caen, France
| | - Gilles Defer
- Inserm U919, University Caen Basse Normandie, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, GIP CYCERON, F-14074 Caen, France
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Caen, Caen, France
| | - Sophie Laurent
- Department of General, Organic, and Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, Avenue Maistriau, 19, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Masoud Rahman
- Laboratory of NanoBio Interactions , Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad J. Hajipour
- Laboratory of NanoBio Interactions , Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Patrick G. Kehoe
- Dementia Research Group, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bristol, John James Laboratories, Frenchay Hospital, Bristol, U.K
| | - Morteza Mahmoudi
- Laboratory of NanoBio Interactions , Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Current address: School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Montagne A, Hébert M, Jullienne A, Lesept F, Le Béhot A, Louessard M, Gauberti M, Orset C, Ali C, Agin V, Maubert E, Vivien D. Memantine improves safety of thrombolysis for stroke. Stroke 2012; 43:2774-81. [PMID: 22879098 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.112.669374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Despite side effects including N-methyl-d-aspartate-mediated neurotoxicity, recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rtPA) remains the only approved acute treatment for ischemic stroke. Memantine, used for treatment of Alzheimer disease, is an antagonist for N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors. We investigated whether memantine could be used as a neuroprotective adjunct therapy for rtPA-induced thrombolysis after stroke. METHODS In vitro N-methyl-d-aspartate exposure, oxygen and glucose deprivation, and N-methyl-d-aspartate-mediated calcium videomicroscopy experiments were performed on murine cortical neurons in the presence of rtPA and memantine. The therapeutic safety of rtPA and memantine coadministration was evaluated in mouse models of thrombotic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage. Ischemic and hemorrhagic volumes were assessed by MRI and neurological evaluation was performed by the string test and automated gait analysis. RESULTS Our in vitro observations showed that memantine was able to prevent the proneurotoxic effects of rtPA in cultured cortical neurons. Although memantine did not alter the fibrinolytic activity of rtPA, our in vivo observations revealed that it blunted the noxious effects of delayed thrombolysis on lesion volumes and neurological deficits after ischemic stroke. In addition, memantine rescued rtPA-induced decrease in survival rate after intracerebral hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS Memantine could be used as an adjunct therapy to improve the safety of thrombolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Montagne
- INSERM UMR-S 919, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, GIP Cyceron, Bd H. Becquerel, BP 5229, Caen, F-14074 France
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Deng X, Takaki H, Wang L, Kuroki T, Nakahara T, Hashimoto K, Ninomiya H, Arinami T, Inada T, Ujike H, Itokawa M, Tochigi M, Watanabe Y, Someya T, Kunugi H, Iwata N, Ozaki N, Shibata H, Fukumaki Y. Positive association of phencyclidine-responsive genes, PDE4A and PLAT, with schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2011; 156B:850-8. [PMID: 21898905 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.31233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
As schizophrenia-like symptoms are produced by administration of phencyclidine (PCP), a noncompetitive antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, PCP-responsive genes could be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. We injected PCP to Wistar rats and isolated five different parts of the brain in 1 and 4 hr after the injection. We analyzed the gene expression induced by the PCP treatment of these tissues using the AGILENT rat cDNA microarray system. We observed changes in expression level in 90 genes and 21 ESTs after the treatment. Out of the 10 genes showing >2-fold expressional change evaluated by qRT-PCR, we selected 7 genes as subjects for the locus-wide association study to identify susceptibility genes for schizophrenia in the Japanese population. In haplotype analysis, significant associations were detected in combinations of two SNPs of BTG2 (P = 1.4 × 10(-6) ), PDE4A (P = 1.4 × 10(-6) ), and PLAT (P = 1 × 10(-3) ), after false discovery rate (FDR) correction. Additionally, we not only successfully replicated the haplotype associations in PDE4A (P = 6.8 × 10(-12) ) and PLAT (P = 0.015), but also detected single-point associations of one SNP in PDE4A (P = 0.0068) and two SNPs in PLAT (P = 0.0260 and 0.0104) in another larger sample set consisting of 2,224 cases and 2,250 controls. These results indicate that PDE4A and PLAT may be susceptibility genes for schizophrenia in the Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Deng
- Division of Human Molecular Genetics, Research Center for Genetic Information, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Lemarchant S, Docagne F, Emery E, Vivien D, Ali C, Rubio M. tPA in the injured central nervous system: different scenarios starring the same actor? Neuropharmacology 2011; 62:749-56. [PMID: 22079561 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
When in 1947, Astrup and Permin reported that animal tissues contain fibrinokinase, a plasminogen activator, and when Pennica and colleagues (Pennica et al., 1983) cloned and expressed human tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in Escherichia coli in 1983, they might did not realize how much their pioneer work would impact the life of millions of patients suffering from myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke. Some years after, accumulating evidence shows that tPA is not just a plasminogen activator of endothelial origin. Indeed, the main function of tPA released from the endothelium is to convert fibrin-bound plasminogen into active plasmin, thus dissolving the fibrin meshwork of blood clots. But this serine protease is also expressed by several cell types, and its beneficial and deleterious actions stand beyond fibrinolysis or even proteolysis. We will review here the reported effects and mechanisms of action of tPA in the course of three different pathologies of the central nervous system (CNS): spinal cord injury, ischemic stroke and multiple sclerosis. While these three disorders have distinct aetiologies, they share some pathogenic mechanisms. We will depict the main "good" and "bad" sides of tPA described to date during each of these pathological situations, as well as the proposed mechanisms explaining these effects. We speculate that due to common pathogenic pathways, tPA's actions described in one particular disease could in fact occur in the others. Finally, we will evaluate if tPA could be a therapeutic target for these pathologies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sighild Lemarchant
- INSERM U919, "Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit", UMR CNRS 6232 Cinaps, GIP Cyceron, University of Caen, Bd H. Becquerel, BP 5229, 14074 Caen Cedex, France
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Vivien D, Gauberti M, Montagne A, Defer G, Touzé E. Impact of tissue plasminogen activator on the neurovascular unit: from clinical data to experimental evidence. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2011; 31:2119-34. [PMID: 21878948 PMCID: PMC3210341 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2011.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
About 15 million strokes occur each year worldwide. As the number one cause of morbidity and acquired disability, stroke is a major drain on public health-care funding, due to long hospital stays followed by ongoing support in the community or nursing-home care. Although during the last 10 years we have witnessed a remarkable progress in the understanding of the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke, reperfusion induced by recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA-Actilyse) remains the only approved acute treatment by the health authorities. The objective of the present review is to provide an overview of our present knowledge about the impact of tPA on the neurovascular unit during acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Vivien
- Inserm UMR-S 919, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, GIP Cyceron, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Caen Cedex, France.
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Copin JC, Bengualid DJ, Da Silva RF, Kargiotis O, Schaller K, Gasche Y. Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator induces blood-brain barrier breakdown by a matrix metalloproteinase-9-independent pathway after transient focal cerebral ischemia in mouse. Eur J Neurosci 2011; 34:1085-92. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07843.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Obiang P, Maubert E, Bardou I, Nicole O, Launay S, Bezin L, Vivien D, Agin V. Enriched housing reverses age-associated impairment of cognitive functions and tPA-dependent maturation of BDNF. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2011; 96:121-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2011.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Revised: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Antibodies Preventing the Interaction of Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator With N-Methyl-
d
-Aspartate Receptors Reduce Stroke Damages and Extend the Therapeutic Window of Thrombolysis. Stroke 2011; 42:2315-22. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.110.606293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose—
Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) is the only drug approved for the acute treatment of ischemic stroke but with two faces in the disease: beneficial fibrinolysis in the vasculature and damaging effects on the neurovascular unit and brain parenchyma. To improve this profile, we developed a novel strategy, relying on antibodies targeting the proneurotoxic effects of tPA.
Methods—
After production and characterization of antibodies (αATD-NR1) that specifically prevent the interaction of tPA with the ATD-NR1 of N-methyl-
d
-aspartate receptors, we have evaluated their efficacy in a model of murine thromboembolic stroke with or without recombinant tPA-induced reperfusion, coupled to MRI, near-infrared fluorescence imaging, and behavior assessments.
Results—
In vitro, αATD-NR1 prevented the proexcitotoxic effect of tPA without altering N-methyl-
d
-aspartate-induced neurotransmission. In vivo, after a single administration alone or with late recombinant tPA-induced thrombolysis, antibodies dramatically reduced brain injuries and blood–brain barrier leakage, thus improving long-term neurological outcome.
Conclusions—
Our strategy limits ischemic damages and extends the therapeutic window of tPA-driven thrombolysis. Thus, the prospect of this immunotherapy is an extension of the range of treatable patients.
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Almonte AG, Sweatt JD. Serine proteases, serine protease inhibitors, and protease-activated receptors: roles in synaptic function and behavior. Brain Res 2011; 1407:107-22. [PMID: 21782155 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Revised: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Serine proteases, serine protease inhibitors, and protease-activated receptors have been intensively investigated in the periphery and their roles in a wide range of processes-coagulation, inflammation, and digestion, for example-have been well characterized (see Coughlin, 2000; Macfarlane et al., 2001; Molinari et al., 2003; Wang et al., 2008; Di Cera, 2009 for reviews). A growing number of studies demonstrate that these protein systems are widely expressed in many cell types and regions in mammalian brains. Accumulating lines of evidence suggest that the brain has co-opted the activities of these interesting proteins to regulate various processes underlying synaptic activity and behavior. In this review, we discuss emerging roles for serine proteases in the regulation of mechanisms underlying synaptic plasticity and memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine G Almonte
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Macrez R, Ali C, Toutirais O, Le Mauff B, Defer G, Dirnagl U, Vivien D. Stroke and the immune system: from pathophysiology to new therapeutic strategies. Lancet Neurol 2011; 10:471-80. [PMID: 21511199 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(11)70066-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is the second most common cause of death worldwide and a major cause of acquired disability in adults. Despite tremendous progress in understanding the pathophysiology of stroke, translation of this knowledge into effective therapies has largely failed, with the exception of thrombolysis, which only benefits a small proportion of patients. Systemic and local immune responses have important roles in causing stroke and are implicated in the primary and secondary progression of ischaemic lesions, as well as in repair, recovery, and overall outcome after a stroke. However, potential therapeutic targets in the immune system and inflammatory responses have not been well characterised. Development of novel and effective therapeutic strategies for stroke will require further investigation of these pathways in terms of their temporal profile (before, during, and after stroke) and risk-to-benefit therapeutic ratio of modulating them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Macrez
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U919, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, UMR CNRS 6232 Ci-NAPs, Cyceron, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Caen, France
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Roussel BD, Mysiorek C, Rouhiainen A, Jullienne A, Parcq J, Hommet Y, Culot M, Berezowski V, Cecchelli R, Rauvala H, Vivien D, Ali C. HMGB-1 promotes fibrinolysis and reduces neurotoxicity mediated by tissue plasminogen activator. J Cell Sci 2011; 124:2070-6. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.084392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to its ability to generate the clot-dissolving protease plasmin, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is the only approved drug for the acute treatment of ischemic stroke. However, tPA also promotes hemorrhagic transformation and excitotoxic events. High mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB-1) is a non-histone transcription factor and a pro-inflammatory cytokine, which has also been shown to bind to both tPA and plasminogen. We thus investigated the cellular and molecular effects through which HMGB-1 could influence the vascular and parenchymal effects of tPA during ischemia. We demonstrate that HMGB-1 not only increases clot lysis by tPA, but also reduces the passage of vascular tPA across the blood–brain barrier, as well as tPA-driven leakage of the blood–brain barrier. In addition, HMGB-1 prevents the pro-neurotoxic effect of tPA, by blocking its interaction with N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and the attendant potentiation of NMDA-induced neuronal Ca2+ influx. In conclusion, we show in vitro that HMGB-1 can promote the beneficial effects of tPA while counteracting its deleterious properties. We suggest that derivatives of HMGB-1, devoid of pro-inflammatory properties, could be used as adjunctive therapies to improve the overall benefit of tPA-mediated thrombolysis following stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline Mysiorek
- Univ Lille Nord de France, UArtois, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique, EA 2465, IMPRT-IFR114, 62303 Lens, France
| | - Ari Rouhiainen
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Amandine Jullienne
- INSERM U919 ‘Serine proteases and pathophysiology of the neurovascular unit’, UMR CNRS 6232 Cinaps, GIP Cyceron, University of Caen, 14032 Caen, France
| | - Jerome Parcq
- INSERM U919 ‘Serine proteases and pathophysiology of the neurovascular unit’, UMR CNRS 6232 Cinaps, GIP Cyceron, University of Caen, 14032 Caen, France
| | - Yannick Hommet
- INSERM U919 ‘Serine proteases and pathophysiology of the neurovascular unit’, UMR CNRS 6232 Cinaps, GIP Cyceron, University of Caen, 14032 Caen, France
| | - Maxime Culot
- Univ Lille Nord de France, UArtois, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique, EA 2465, IMPRT-IFR114, 62303 Lens, France
| | - Vincent Berezowski
- Univ Lille Nord de France, UArtois, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique, EA 2465, IMPRT-IFR114, 62303 Lens, France
| | - Romeo Cecchelli
- Univ Lille Nord de France, UArtois, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique, EA 2465, IMPRT-IFR114, 62303 Lens, France
| | - Heikki Rauvala
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Denis Vivien
- INSERM U919 ‘Serine proteases and pathophysiology of the neurovascular unit’, UMR CNRS 6232 Cinaps, GIP Cyceron, University of Caen, 14032 Caen, France
| | - Carine Ali
- INSERM U919 ‘Serine proteases and pathophysiology of the neurovascular unit’, UMR CNRS 6232 Cinaps, GIP Cyceron, University of Caen, 14032 Caen, France
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Ghafari M, Patil SS, Höger H, Pollak A, Lubec G. NMDA-complexes linked to spatial memory performance in the Barnes maze in CD1 mice. Behav Brain Res 2011; 221:142-8. [PMID: 21377497 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) is a well-documented key element in the formation of several memories including spatial, olfactory and contextual memory. Although receptor subunits have been linked to memory formation, data on the involvement of the NMDAR complexes is limited. In previous work CD1 mice were trained in the Barnes maze, a low-stress landmaze, and yoked controls were serving as controls. Hippocampal samples from this behavioural study were taken for comparing NMDAR complexes. Hippocampi were taken and stored until analysis at -80 °C. Membrane proteins were extracted from hippocampi using an ultracentrifugation step and applied on Blue Native gels that in turn were used for immunoblotting with antibodies against subunits NR1, NR2A and NR2B. The subunit content of the complexes was determined by denaturing two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and subsequent immunoblotting. An NMDAR complex with an apparent molecular weight between between 146 and 242 kDa, probably representing an NR1 dimer was the only complex that was significantly different between trained and yoked animals. A series of NMDAR complexes containing modulatory subunits NR2A or NR2B or both were detected. All complexes contained the NR1 subunit. The NR1 dimer complex level, increased in memory formation, may be directly or indirectly involved in the process of spatial memory formation in the CD1 mouse. The results are enabling and challenging further NMDAR studies, both, at the pharmacological and molecular level. Moreover, several NMDAR complexes in the CD1 mouse were shown to be mainly heteropolymers of subunits NR1, NR2A and NR2B, although other recently described subunits were not tested due to unavailability of specific antibodies. Determination of native receptor complexes rather than individual subunits is mandatory and provides the molecular basis for understanding mechanisms of spatial memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ghafari
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Protein S blocks the extrinsic apoptotic cascade in tissue plasminogen activator/N-methyl D-aspartate-treated neurons via Tyro3-Akt-FKHRL1 signaling pathway. Mol Neurodegener 2011; 6:13. [PMID: 21291561 PMCID: PMC3042387 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1326-6-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thrombolytic therapy with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) benefits patients with acute ischemic stroke. However, tPA increases the risk for intracerebral bleeding and enhances post-ischemic neuronal injury if administered 3-4 hours after stroke. Therefore, combination therapies with tPA and neuroprotective agents have been considered to increase tPA's therapeutic window and reduce toxicity. The anticoagulant factor protein S (PS) protects neurons from hypoxic/ischemic injury. PS also inhibits N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) excitotoxicity by phosphorylating Bad and Mdm2 which blocks the downstream steps in the intrinsic apoptotic cascade. To test whether PS can protect neurons from tPA toxicity we studied its effects on tPA/NMDA combined injury which in contrast to NMDA alone kills neurons by activating the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. Neither Bad nor Mdm2 which are PS's targets and control the intrinsic apoptotic pathway can influence the extrinsic cascade. Thus, based on published data one cannot predict whether PS can protect neurons from tPA/NMDA injury by blocking the extrinsic pathway. Neurons express all three TAM (Tyro3, Axl, Mer) receptors that can potentially interact with PS. Therefore, we studied whether PS can activate TAM receptors during a tPA/NMDA insult. Results We show that PS protects neurons from tPA/NMDA-induced apoptosis by suppressing Fas-ligand (FasL) production and FasL-dependent caspase-8 activation within the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. By transducing neurons with adenoviral vectors expressing the kinase-deficient Akt mutant AktK179A and a triple FKHRL1 Akt phosphorylation site mutant (FKHRL1-TM), we show that Akt activation and Akt-mediated phosphorylation of FKHRL1, a member of the Forkhead family of transcription factors, are critical for FasL down-regulation and caspase-8 inhibition. Using cultured neurons from Tyro3, Axl and Mer mutants, we show that Tyro3, but not Axl and Mer, mediates phosphorylation of FHKRL1 that is required for PS-mediated neuronal protection after tPA/NMDA-induced injury. Conclusions PS blocks the extrinsic apoptotic cascade through a novel mechanism mediated by Tyro3-dependent FKHRL1 phosphorylation which inhibits FasL-dependent caspase-8 activation and can control tPA-induced neurotoxicity associated with pathologic activation of NMDA receptors. The present findings should encourage future studies in animal stroke models to determine whether PS can increase the therapeutic window of tPA by reducing its post-ischemic neuronal toxicity.
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A. Zervos I, Nikolaidis E, N. Lavrentiadou S, P. Tsantarliotou M, K. Eleftheriadou E, P. Papapanagiotou E, J. Fletouris D, Georgiadis M, A. Taitzoglou I. Endosulfan-induced lipid peroxidation in rat brain and its effect on t-PA and PAI-1: ameliorating effect of vitamins C and E. J Toxicol Sci 2011; 36:423-33. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.36.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis A. Zervos
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University
| | | | | | | | | | - Elias P. Papapanagiotou
- Department of Food Hygiene & Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University
| | - Dimitrios J. Fletouris
- Department of Food Hygiene & Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University
| | - Marios Georgiadis
- Department of Animal Production, Ichthyology, Ecology and Protection of the Environment, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University,
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Macrez R, Bezin L, Le Mauff B, Ali C, Vivien D. Functional Occurrence of the Interaction of Tissue Plasminogen Activator With the NR1 Subunit ofN-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptors During Stroke. Stroke 2010; 41:2950-5. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.110.592360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Macrez
- From the INSERM U919 “serine proteases and pathophysiology of the neurovascular unit” (R.M., B.L.M., C.A., D.V.), UMR CNRS 6232 Cinaps, University of Caen, Caen, France; UMR-CNRS 5123 (R.M., L.B.), Integrative Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Villeurbanne, France; and Laboratoire d'Immunologie et d'Immunopathologie (B.L.M.), Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Laurent Bezin
- From the INSERM U919 “serine proteases and pathophysiology of the neurovascular unit” (R.M., B.L.M., C.A., D.V.), UMR CNRS 6232 Cinaps, University of Caen, Caen, France; UMR-CNRS 5123 (R.M., L.B.), Integrative Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Villeurbanne, France; and Laboratoire d'Immunologie et d'Immunopathologie (B.L.M.), Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Brigitte Le Mauff
- From the INSERM U919 “serine proteases and pathophysiology of the neurovascular unit” (R.M., B.L.M., C.A., D.V.), UMR CNRS 6232 Cinaps, University of Caen, Caen, France; UMR-CNRS 5123 (R.M., L.B.), Integrative Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Villeurbanne, France; and Laboratoire d'Immunologie et d'Immunopathologie (B.L.M.), Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Carine Ali
- From the INSERM U919 “serine proteases and pathophysiology of the neurovascular unit” (R.M., B.L.M., C.A., D.V.), UMR CNRS 6232 Cinaps, University of Caen, Caen, France; UMR-CNRS 5123 (R.M., L.B.), Integrative Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Villeurbanne, France; and Laboratoire d'Immunologie et d'Immunopathologie (B.L.M.), Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Denis Vivien
- From the INSERM U919 “serine proteases and pathophysiology of the neurovascular unit” (R.M., B.L.M., C.A., D.V.), UMR CNRS 6232 Cinaps, University of Caen, Caen, France; UMR-CNRS 5123 (R.M., L.B.), Integrative Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Villeurbanne, France; and Laboratoire d'Immunologie et d'Immunopathologie (B.L.M.), Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Caen, Caen, France
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