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Wei D, Su Y, Leung PCK, Li Y, Chen ZJ. Roles of bone morphogenetic proteins in endometrial remodeling during the human menstrual cycle and pregnancy. Hum Reprod Update 2024; 30:215-237. [PMID: 38037193 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmad031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the human menstrual cycle and pregnancy, the endometrium undergoes a series of dynamic remodeling processes to adapt to physiological changes. Insufficient endometrial remodeling, characterized by inadequate endometrial proliferation, decidualization and spiral artery remodeling, is associated with infertility, endometriosis, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, and pregnancy-related complications such as preeclampsia and miscarriage. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), a subset of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily, are multifunctional cytokines that regulate diverse cellular activities, such as differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix synthesis, are now understood as integral to multiple reproductive processes in women. Investigations using human biological samples have shown that BMPs are essential for regulating human endometrial remodeling processes, including endometrial proliferation and decidualization. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE This review summarizes our current knowledge on the known pathophysiological roles of BMPs and their underlying molecular mechanisms in regulating human endometrial proliferation and decidualization, with the goal of promoting the development of innovative strategies for diagnosing, treating and preventing infertility and adverse pregnancy complications associated with dysregulated human endometrial remodeling. SEARCH METHODS A literature search for original articles published up to June 2023 was conducted in the PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar databases, identifying studies on the roles of BMPs in endometrial remodeling during the human menstrual cycle and pregnancy. Articles identified were restricted to English language full-text papers. OUTCOMES BMP ligands and receptors and their transduction molecules are expressed in the endometrium and at the maternal-fetal interface. Along with emerging technologies such as tissue microarrays, 3D organoid cultures and advanced single-cell transcriptomics, and given the clinical availability of recombinant human proteins and ongoing pharmaceutical development, it is now clear that BMPs exert multiple roles in regulating human endometrial remodeling and that these biomolecules (and their receptors) can be targeted for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Moreover, dysregulation of these ligands, their receptors, or signaling determinants can impact endometrial remodeling, contributing to infertility or pregnancy-related complications (e.g. preeclampsia and miscarriage). WIDER IMPLICATIONS Although further clinical trials are needed, recent advancements in the development of recombinant BMP ligands, synthetic BMP inhibitors, receptor antagonists, BMP ligand sequestration tools, and gene therapies have underscored the BMPs as candidate diagnostic biomarkers and positioned the BMP signaling pathway as a promising therapeutic target for addressing infertility and pregnancy complications related to dysregulated human endometrial remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daimin Wei
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yaxin Su
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Peter C K Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yan Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No.2021RU001), Jinan, Shandong, China
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Zhang L, Zhang H, Xie Q, Feng H, Li H, Li Z, Yang K, Ding J, Gao G. LncRNA-mediated cartilage homeostasis in osteoarthritis: a narrative review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1326843. [PMID: 38449881 PMCID: PMC10915071 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1326843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease of cartilage that affects the quality of life and has increased in morbidity and mortality in recent years. Cartilage homeostasis and dysregulation are thought to be important mechanisms involved in the development of OA. Many studies suggest that lncRNAs are involved in cartilage homeostasis in OA and that lncRNAs can be used to diagnose or treat OA. Among the existing therapeutic regimens, lncRNAs are involved in drug-and nondrug-mediated therapeutic mechanisms and are expected to improve the mechanism of adverse effects or drug resistance. Moreover, targeted lncRNA therapy may also prevent or treat OA. The purpose of this review is to summarize the links between lncRNAs and cartilage homeostasis in OA. In addition, we review the potential applications of lncRNAs at multiple levels of adjuvant and targeted therapies. This review highlights that targeting lncRNAs may be a novel therapeutic strategy for improving and modulating cartilage homeostasis in OA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- The First Clinical Medicine School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hejin Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medicine School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qian Xie
- The Third Clinical Medicine School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Haiqi Feng
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Haoying Li
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zelin Li
- The First Clinical Medicine School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kangping Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- The Second Clinical Medicine School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiatong Ding
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- The Second Clinical Medicine School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Guicheng Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Tang H, Li J, Li JK, He SH, Xiang G, Rong R, Liang ZT, Zhang HQ. BMP6 participates in the pathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis by regulating osteopenia. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:2586-2599. [PMID: 37795636 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a complex disease characterized by three-dimensional structural deformities of the spine. Its pathogenesis is associated with osteopenia. Bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) play an important role in bone metabolism. We detected 1919 differentially expressed mRNAs and 744 differentially expressed lncRNAs in BMSCs from seven patients with AIS and five patients without AIS via high-throughput sequencing. Multiple analyses identified bone morphogenetic protein-6 (BMP6) as a hub gene that regulates the abnormal osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in AIS. BMP6 expression was found to be decreased in AIS and its knockdown in human BMSCs significantly altered the degree of osteogenic differentiation. Additionally, CAP1-217 has been shown to be a potential upstream regulatory molecule of BMP6. We showed that CAP1-217 knockdown downregulated the expression of BMP6 and the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Simultaneously, knockout of BMP6 in zebrafish embryos significantly increased the deformity rate. The findings of this study suggest that BMP6 is a key gene that regulates the abnormal osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in AIS via the CAP1-217/BMP6/RUNX2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tang
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiong Li
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Ke Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Han He
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Xiang
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Rong
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo-Tao Liang
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Qi Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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Liu C, Guo H, Shi C, Sun H. BMP signaling in the development and regeneration of tooth roots: from mechanisms to applications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1272201. [PMID: 37779895 PMCID: PMC10540449 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1272201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Short root anomaly (SRA), along with caries, periodontitis, and trauma, can cause tooth loss, affecting the physical and mental health of patients. Dental implants have become widely utilized for tooth restoration; however, they exhibit certain limitations compared to natural tooth roots. Tissue engineering-mediated root regeneration offers a strategy to sustain a tooth with a physiologically more natural function by regenerating the bioengineered tooth root (bio-root) based on the bionic principle. While the process of tooth root development has been reported in previous studies, the specific molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) family is an essential factor regulating cellular activities and is involved in almost all tissue development. Recent studies have focused on exploring the mechanism of BMP signaling in tooth root development by using transgenic animal models and developing better tissue engineering strategies for bio-root regeneration. This article reviews the unique roles of BMP signaling in tooth root development and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cangwei Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, China
| | - Hao Guo
- Department of Oral Pathology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, China
| | - Ce Shi
- Department of Oral Pathology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, China
| | - Hongchen Sun
- Department of Oral Pathology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, China
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The Role of Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor Type 2 ( BMPR2) and the Prospects of Utilizing Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Disease Modeling. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233823. [PMID: 36497082 PMCID: PMC9741276 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease characterized by increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), causing right ventricular hypertrophy and ultimately death from right heart failure. Heterozygous mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2) are linked to approximately 80% of hereditary, and 20% of idiopathic PAH cases, respectively. While patients carrying a BMPR2 gene mutation are more prone to develop PAH than non-carriers, only 20% will develop the disease, whereas the majority will remain asymptomatic. PAH is characterized by extreme vascular remodeling that causes pulmonary arterial endothelial cell (PAEC) dysfunction, impaired apoptosis, and uncontrolled proliferation of the pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). To date, progress in understanding the pathophysiology of PAH has been hampered by limited access to human tissue samples and inadequacy of animal models to accurately mimic the pathogenesis of human disease. Along with the advent of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology, there has been an increasing interest in using this tool to develop patient-specific cellular models that precisely replicate the pathogenesis of PAH. In this review, we summarize the currently available approaches in iPSC-based PAH disease modeling and explore how this technology could be harnessed for drug discovery and to widen our understanding of the pathophysiology of PAH.
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Pihlström S, Määttä K, Öhman T, Mäkitie RE, Aronen M, Varjosalo M, Mäkitie O, Pekkinen M. A multi-omics study to characterize the transdifferentiation of human dermal fibroblasts to osteoblast-like cells. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1032026. [PMID: 36465561 PMCID: PMC9714459 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1032026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Various skeletal disorders display defects in osteoblast development and function. An in vitro model can help to understand underlying disease mechanisms. Currently, access to appropriate starting material for in vitro osteoblastic studies is limited. Native osteoblasts and their progenitors, the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, (MSCs) are problematic to isolate from affected patients and challenging to expand in vitro. Human dermal fibroblasts in vitro are a promising substitute source of cells. Method: We developed an in vitro culturing technique to transdifferentiate fibroblasts into osteoblast-like cells. We obtained human fibroblasts from forearm skin biopsy and differentiated them into osteoblast-like cells with ß-glycerophosphate, ascorbic acid, and dexamethasone treatment. Osteoblastic phenotype was confirmed by staining for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), calcium and phosphate deposits (Alizarin Red, Von Kossa) and by a multi-omics approach (transcriptomic, proteomic, and phosphoproteomic analyses). Result: After 14 days of treatment, both fibroblasts and MSCs (reference cells) stained positive for ALP together with a significant increase in bone specific ALP (p = 0.04 and 0.004, respectively) compared to untreated cells. At a later time point, both cell types deposited minerals, indicating mineralization. In addition, fibroblasts and MSCs showed elevated expression of several osteogenic genes (e.g. ALPL, RUNX2, BMPs and SMADs), and decreased expression of SOX9. Ingenuity Pathways Analysis of RNA sequencing data from fibroblasts and MSCs showed that the osteoarthritis pathway was activated in both cell types (p_adj. = 0.003 and 0.004, respectively). Discussion: These data indicate that our in vitro treatment induces osteoblast-like differentiation in fibroblasts and MSCs, producing an in vitro osteoblastic cell system. This culturing system provides an alternative tool for bone biology research and skeletal tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pihlström
- Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi Määttä
- Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Öhman
- Institute of Biotechnology and Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka E. Mäkitie
- Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mira Aronen
- Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Varjosalo
- Institute of Biotechnology and Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Minna Pekkinen
- Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Arias-Betancur A, Badilla-Wenzel N, Astete-Sanhueza Á, Farfán-Beltrán N, Dias FJ. Carrier systems for bone morphogenetic proteins: An overview of biomaterials used for dentoalveolar and maxillofacial bone regeneration. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2022; 58:316-327. [PMID: 36281233 PMCID: PMC9587372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Different types of biomaterials have been used to fabricate carriers to deliver bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in both dentoalveolar and maxillofacial bone regeneration procedures. Despite that absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) is considered the gold standard for BMP delivery, there is still some concerns regarding its use mainly due to its poor mechanical properties. To overcome this, novel systems are being developed, however, due to the wide variety of biomaterial combination, the heterogeneous assessment of newly formed tissue, and the intended clinical applications, there is still no consensus regarding which is more efficient in a particular clinical scenario. The combination of two or more biomaterials in different topological configurations has allowed specific controlled-release patterns for BMPs, improving their biological and mechanical properties compared with classical single-material carriers. However, more basic research is needed. Since the BMPs can be used in multiple clinical scenarios having different biological and mechanical needs, novel carriers should be developed in a context-specific manner. Thus, the purpose of this review is to gather current knowledge about biomaterials used to fabricate delivery systems for BMPs in both dentoalveolar and maxillofacial contexts. Aspects related with the biological, physical and mechanical characteristics of each biomaterial are also presented and discussed. Strategies for bone formation and regeneration are a major concern in dentistry. Topical delivery of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) allows rapid bone formation. BMPs requires proper carrier system to allow controlled and sustained release. Carrier should also fulfill mechanical requirements of bone defect sites. By using complex composites, it would be possible to develop new carriers for BMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Arias-Betancur
- Department of Integral Adult Dentistry, Research Centre for Dental Sciences (CICO-UFRO), Dental School-Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Nicolás Badilla-Wenzel
- Dental School-Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Álvaro Astete-Sanhueza
- Dental School-Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Nicole Farfán-Beltrán
- Department of Integral Adult Dentistry, Research Centre for Dental Sciences (CICO-UFRO), Dental School-Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile.,Universidad Adventista de Chile, Chillán 3780000, Chile
| | - Fernando José Dias
- Department of Integral Adult Dentistry, Oral Biology Research Centre (CIBO-UFRO), Dental School-Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
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BMP Signaling Pathway in Dentin Development and Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142216. [PMID: 35883659 PMCID: PMC9317121 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BMP signaling plays an important role in dentin development. BMPs and antagonists regulate odontoblast differentiation and downstream gene expression via canonical Smad and non-canonical Smad signaling pathways. The interaction of BMPs with their receptors leads to the formation of complexes and the transduction of signals to the canonical Smad signaling pathway (for example, BMP ligands, receptors, and Smads) and the non-canonical Smad signaling pathway (for example, MAPKs, p38, Erk, JNK, and PI3K/Akt) to regulate dental mesenchymal stem cell/progenitor proliferation and differentiation during dentin development and homeostasis. Both the canonical Smad and non-canonical Smad signaling pathways converge at transcription factors, such as Dlx3, Osx, Runx2, and others, to promote the differentiation of dental pulp mesenchymal cells into odontoblasts and downregulated gene expressions, such as those of DSPP and DMP1. Dysregulated BMP signaling causes a number of tooth disorders in humans. Mutation or knockout of BMP signaling-associated genes in mice results in dentin defects which enable a better understanding of the BMP signaling networks underlying odontoblast differentiation and dentin formation. This review summarizes the recent advances in our understanding of BMP signaling in odontoblast differentiation and dentin formation. It includes discussion of the expression of BMPs, their receptors, and the implicated downstream genes during dentinogenesis. In addition, the structures of BMPs, BMP receptors, antagonists, and dysregulation of BMP signaling pathways associated with dentin defects are described.
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Yamamoto T, Diao Z, Murakami M, Shimokawa F, Matsui T, Funaba M. Factors affecting the induction of uncoupling protein 1 in C2C12 myogenic cells. Cytokine 2022; 157:155936. [PMID: 35738051 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Brown/beige adipocytes, which are derived from skeletal muscle/smooth muscle-lineage cells, consume excess energy as heat through the expression of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Previous studies have shown that forced expression of PR/SET domain (PRDM)-16 or early B-cell factor (EBF)-2 induced UCP1-positive adipocytes in C2C12 myogenic cells. Here, we explored the culture conditions to induce Ucp1 expression in C2C12 cells without introducing exogenous genes. Treatment with rosiglitazone (a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ agonist), GW501516 (a PPARδ agonist), and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-7 for 8 days efficiently increased Ucp1 expression in response to treatment with forskolin, an activator of the protein kinase A pathway. BMP7 dose-dependently increased forskolin-induced Ucp1 expression in the presence of rosiglitazone and GW501516; however, GW501516 was not required for Ucp1 induction. Additionally, the structurally related proteins, BMP6 and BMP9, efficiently increased forskolin-induced Ucp1 expression in rosiglitazone-treated cells. UCP1 protein was localized in cells with lipid droplets, but adipocytes were not always positive for UCP1. Continuous treatment with BMP7 was needed for the efficient induction of Ucp1 by forskolin treatment. Significant expression of Prdm16 was not detected, irrespective of the treatment, and treatment with rosiglitazone, GW501516, and BMP7 did not affect the expression levels of Ebf2. Fibroblast growth factor receptor (Fgfr)-3 expression levels were increased by BMP9 in rosiglitazone-treated cells, and molecules that upregulate Fgfr3 transcription partly overlapped with those that stimulate Ucp1 transcription. The present results provide basic information on the practical differentiation of myogenic cells to brown adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Yamamoto
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Zhicheng Diao
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masaru Murakami
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Azabu University School of Veterinary Medicine, Sagamihara 252-5201, Japan
| | - Fumie Shimokawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Azabu University School of Veterinary Medicine, Sagamihara 252-5201, Japan
| | - Tohru Matsui
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masayuki Funaba
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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Sharma T, Kapoor A, Mandal CC. Duality of bone morphogenetic proteins in cancer: A comprehensive analysis. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:3127-3163. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanu Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences Central University of Rajasthan Ajmer Rajasthan India
| | - Anmol Kapoor
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences Central University of Rajasthan Ajmer Rajasthan India
| | - Chandi C. Mandal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences Central University of Rajasthan Ajmer Rajasthan India
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11
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Two Modulators of Skeletal Development: BMPs and Proteoglycans. J Dev Biol 2022; 10:jdb10020015. [PMID: 35466193 PMCID: PMC9036252 DOI: 10.3390/jdb10020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
During embryogenesis, skeletal development is tightly regulated by locally secreted growth factors that interact with proteoglycans (PGs) in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are multifunctional growth factors that play critical roles in cartilage maturation and bone formation. BMP signals are transduced from plasma membrane receptors to the nucleus through both canonical Smad and noncanonical p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. BMP signalling is modulated by a variety of endogenous and exogenous molecular mechanisms at different spatiotemporal levels and in both positive and negative manners. As an endogenous example, BMPs undergo extracellular regulation by PGs, which generally regulate the efficiency of ligand-receptor binding. BMP signalling can also be exogenously perturbed by a group of small molecule antagonists, such as dorsomorphin and its derivatives, that selectively bind to and inhibit the intracellular kinase domain of BMP type I receptors. In this review, we present a current understanding of BMPs and PGs functions in cartilage maturation and osteoblast differentiation, highlighting BMP–PG interactions. We also discuss the identification of highly selective small-molecule BMP receptor type I inhibitors. This review aims to shed light on the importance of BMP signalling and PGs in cartilage maturation and bone formation.
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12
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Wang X, Li P, He S, Xing S, Cao Z, Cao X, Liu B, Li ZH. Effects of tralopyril on histological, biochemical and molecular impacts in Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 289:133157. [PMID: 34871613 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the toxic effects of tralopyril, as a new antifouling biocide, on aquatic organisms have aroused widespread attention about the potential toxicity. However, the mechanism of tralopyril on marine mollusks has not been elaborated clearly. In this study, the histological, biochemical and molecular impacts of tralopyril on adult Crassostrea gigas were investigated. The results indicated that the 96 h LC50 of tralopyril to adult Crassostrea gigas was 911 μg/L. After exposure to tralopyril (0, 40, 80 and 160 μg/L) for 6 days, the mantle mucus secretion coverage ratio of Crassostrea gigas was increased with a dose-dependent pattern. Catalase (CAT) activity was significantly increased, amylase (AMS) activity, acid phosphatase (ACP) activity and calcium ion (Ca2+) concentration significantly decreased. Meanwhile, integrated biomarker responses (IBR) index suggested that higher concentrations of tralopyril caused severer damage to Crassostrea gigas. In addition, the mRNA expression levels of biomineralization related genes in the mantle were significantly upregulated. Collectively, this study firstly revealed the histological, biochemical and molecular impacts of tralopyril exposure on adult Crassostrea gigas, which provided new insights for understanding the toxicity of tralopyril in marine mollusks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Ping Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Shuwen He
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Shaoying Xing
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Zhihan Cao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Xuqian Cao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China.
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13
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Yang S, Li Y, Liu C, Wu Y, Wan Z, Shen D. Pathogenesis and treatment of wound healing in patients with diabetes after tooth extraction. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:949535. [PMID: 36213270 PMCID: PMC9538860 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.949535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a common systematic chronic disease amongst dental patients. The elevated glucose microenvironment can prolong the healing of tooth extraction sockets. Therefore, the promotion of healing up tooth extraction sockets is of great clinical importance to the patients with diabetes mellitus. The current evidence indicates the mechanism of the recovery period of extraction sockets in hyperglycaemia conditions from physiological, inflammation, immune, endocrine and neural aspects. New advancements have been made in varied curative approaches and drugs in the management of wound healing of tooth extraction sockets in diabetes. However, most of the interventions are still in the stage of animal experiments, and whether it can be put into clinical application still needs further explorations. Specifically, our work showed topical administration of plasma-rich growth factor, advanced platelet-rich fibrin, leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin and hyaluronic acid as well as maxillary immediate complete denture is regarded as a promising approach for clinical management of diabetic patients requiring extractions. Overall, recent studies present a blueprint for new advances in novel and effective approaches for this worldwide health ailment and tooth extraction sockets healing.
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Zhang X, van Rijt S. 2D biointerfaces to study stem cell-ligand interactions. Acta Biomater 2021; 131:80-96. [PMID: 34237424 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells have great potential in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine due to their inherent regenerative capabilities. However, an ongoing challenge within their clinical translation is to elicit or predict the desired stem cell behavior once transplanted. Stem cell behavior and function are regulated by their interaction with biophysical and biochemical signals present in their natural environment (i.e., stem cell niches). To increase our understanding about the interplay between stem cells and their resident microenvironments, biointerfaces have been developed as tools to study how these substrates can affect stem cell behaviors. This article aims to review recent developments on fabricating cell-instructive interfaces to control cell adhesion processes towards directing stem cell behavior. After an introduction on stem cells and their natural environment, static surfaces exhibiting predefined biochemical signals to probe the effect of chemical features on stem cell behaviors are discussed. In the third section, we discuss more complex dynamic platforms able to display biochemical cues with spatiotemporal control using on-off ligand display, reversible ligand display, and ligand mobility. In the last part of the review, we provide the reader with an outlook on future designs of biointerfaces. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Stem cells have great potential as treatments for many degenerative disorders prevalent in our aging societies. However, an ongoing challenge within their clinical translation is to promote stem cell mediated regeneration once they are transplanted in the body. Stem cells reside within our bodies where their behavior and function are regulated by interactions with their natural environment called the stem cell niche. To increase our understanding about the interplay between stem cells and their niche, 2D materials have been developed as tools to study how specific signals can affect stem cell behaviors. This article aims to review recent developments on fabricating cell-instructive interfaces to control cell adhesion processes towards directing stem cell behavior.
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15
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Inhibiting Endothelial Cell Function in Normal and Tumor Angiogenesis Using BMP Type I Receptor Macrocyclic Kinase Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122951. [PMID: 34204675 PMCID: PMC8231556 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, i.e., the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing endothelial cell (EC)-lined vessels, is critical for tissue development and also contributes to neovascularization-related diseases, such as cancer. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are among many secreted cytokines that regulate EC function. While several pharmacological anti-angiogenic agents have reached the clinic, further improvement is needed to increase clinical efficacy and to overcome acquired therapy resistance. More insights into the functional consequences of targeting specific pathways that modulate blood vessel formation may lead to new therapeutic approaches. Here, we synthesized and identified two macrocyclic small molecular compounds termed OD16 and OD29 that inhibit BMP type I receptor (BMPRI)-induced SMAD1/5 phosphorylation and downstream gene expression in ECs. Of note, OD16 and OD29 demonstrated higher specificity against BMPRI activin receptor-like kinase 1/2 (ALK1/2) than the commonly used small molecule BMPRI kinase inhibitor LDN-193189. OD29, but not OD16, also potently inhibited VEGF-induced extracellular regulated kinase MAP kinase phosphorylation in ECs. In vitro, OD16 and OD29 exerted strong inhibition of BMP9 and VEGF-induced ECs migration, invasion and cord formation. Using Tg (fli:EGFP) zebrafish embryos, we found that OD16 and OD29 potently antagonized dorsal longitudinal anastomotic vessel (DLAV), intra segmental vessel (ISV), and subintestinal vessel (SIV) formation during embryonic development. Moreover, the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell-induced tumor angiogenesis in zebrafish embryos was significantly decreased by OD16 and OD29. Both macrocyclic compounds might provide a steppingstone for the development of novel anti-angiogenesis therapeutic agents.
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16
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Martinez-Hackert E, Sundan A, Holien T. Receptor binding competition: A paradigm for regulating TGF-β family action. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 57:39-54. [PMID: 33087301 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor (TGF)-β family is a group of structurally related, multifunctional growth factors, or ligands that are crucially involved in the development, regulation, and maintenance of animal tissues. In humans, the family counts over 33 members. These secreted ligands typically form multimeric complexes with two type I and two type II receptors to activate one of two distinct signal transduction branches. A striking feature of the family is its promiscuity, i.e., many ligands bind the same receptors and compete with each other for binding to these receptors. Although several explanations for this feature have been considered, its functional significance has remained puzzling. However, several recent reports have promoted the idea that ligand-receptor binding promiscuity and competition are critical features of the TGF-β family that provide an essential regulating function. Namely, they allow a cell to read and process multi-ligand inputs. This capability may be necessary for producing subtle, distinctive, or adaptive responses and, possibly, for facilitating developmental plasticity. Here, we review the molecular basis for ligand competition, with emphasis on molecular structures and binding affinities. We give an overview of methods that were used to establish experimentally ligand competition. Finally, we discuss how the concept of ligand competition may be fundamentally tied to human physiology, disease, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Martinez-Hackert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Anders Sundan
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway; Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Toril Holien
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Hematology, St. Olav's University Hospital, 7030, Trondheim, Norway.
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17
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Sanchez-Duffhues G, Williams E, Goumans MJ, Heldin CH, Ten Dijke P. Bone morphogenetic protein receptors: Structure, function and targeting by selective small molecule kinase inhibitors. Bone 2020; 138:115472. [PMID: 32522605 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are secreted cytokines that control the fate and function of many different cell types. They exert their cellular responses via heteromeric complexes of specific BMP type I and type II serine/threonine kinase receptors, e.g. BMPRIA and BMPRII. Three type II and four type I receptors, also termed activin receptor-like kinases (ALKs), have been identified. The constitutively active type II kinase phosphorylates the type I receptor, which upon activation initiates intracellular signaling by phosphorylating SMAD effectors. Auxiliary cell surface receptors without intrinsic enzymatic motifs, such as Endoglin and Repulsive guidance molecules (RGM), can fine-tune signaling by regulating the interaction of the BMP ligands with the BMPRs. The functional annotation of the BMPR encoding genes has helped to understand underlying mechanisms of diseases in which these genes are mutated. Loss of function mutations in BMPRII, Endoglin or RGMc are causally linked to pulmonary arterial hypertension, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and juvenile hemochromatosis, respectively. In contrast, gain of function mutations in ACVR1, encoding ALK2, are linked to Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. Here, we discuss BMPR identification, structure and function in health and disease. Moreover, we highlight the therapeutic promise of small chemical compounds that act as selective BMPR kinase inhibitors to normalize overactive BMPR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Sanchez-Duffhues
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Eleanor Williams
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Marie-Jose Goumans
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Carl-Henrik Heldin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 582, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 582, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; Oncode Institute, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands.
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18
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Hart CG, Karimi-Abdolrezaee S. Bone morphogenetic proteins: New insights into their roles and mechanisms in CNS development, pathology and repair. Exp Neurol 2020; 334:113455. [PMID: 32877654 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a highly conserved and diverse family of proteins that play essential roles in various stages of development including the formation and patterning of the central nervous system (CNS). Bioavailability and function of BMPs are regulated by input from a plethora of transcription factors and signaling pathways. Intriguingly, recent literature has uncovered novel roles for BMPs in regulating homeostatic and pathological responses in the adult CNS. Basal levels of BMP ligands and receptors are widely expressed in the adult brain and spinal cord with differential expression patterns across CNS regions, cell types and subcellular locations. Recent evidence indicates that several BMP isoforms are transiently or chronically upregulated in the aged or pathological CNS. Genetic knockout and pharmacological studies have elucidated that BMPs regulate several aspects of CNS injury and repair including cell survival and differentiation, reactive astrogliosis and glial scar formation, axon regeneration, and myelin preservation and repair. Several BMP isoforms can be upregulated in the injured or diseased CNS simultaneously yet exert complementary or opposing effects on the endogenous cell responses after injury. Emerging studies also show that dysregulation of BMPs is associated with various CNS pathologies. Interestingly, modulation of BMPs can lead to beneficial or detrimental effects on CNS injury and repair mechanisms in a ligand, temporally or spatially specific manner, which reflect the complexity of BMP signaling. Given the significance of BMPs in neurodevelopment, a better understanding of their role in the context of injury may provide new therapeutic targets for the pathologic CNS. This review will provide a timely overview on the foundation and recent advancements in knowledge regarding the role and mechanisms of BMP signaling in the developing and adult CNS, and their implications in pathological responses and repair processes after injury or diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Hart
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Regenerative Medicine Program, Spinal Cord Research Centre, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Soheila Karimi-Abdolrezaee
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Regenerative Medicine Program, Spinal Cord Research Centre, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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19
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Wei Q, Holle A, Li J, Posa F, Biagioni F, Croci O, Benk AS, Young J, Noureddine F, Deng J, Zhang M, Inman GJ, Spatz JP, Campaner S, Cavalcanti‐Adam EA. BMP-2 Signaling and Mechanotransduction Synergize to Drive Osteogenic Differentiation via YAP/TAZ. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1902931. [PMID: 32775147 PMCID: PMC7404154 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201902931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Growth factors and mechanical cues synergistically affect cellular functions, triggering a variety of signaling pathways. The molecular levels of such cooperative interactions are not fully understood. Due to its role in osteogenesis, the growth factor bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) is of tremendous interest for bone regenerative medicine, osteoporosis therapeutics, and beyond. Here, contribution of BMP-2 signaling and extracellular mechanical cues to the osteogenic commitment of C2C12 cells is investigated. It is revealed that these two distinct pathways are integrated at the transcriptional level to provide multifactorial control of cell differentiation. The activation of osteogenic genes requires the cooperation of BMP-2 pathway-associated Smad1/5/8 heteromeric complexes and mechanosensitive YAP/TAZ translocation. It is further demonstrated that the Smad complexes remain bound onto and active on target genes, even after BMP-2 removal, suggesting that they act as a "molecular memory unit." Thus, synergistic stimulation with BMP-2 and mechanical cues drives osteogenic differentiation in a programmable fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wei
- College of Polymer Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065China
- Department of Cellular BiophysicsMax Planck Institute for Medical ResearchJahnstraße 29Heidelberg69120Germany
- Department of Biophysical ChemistryHeidelberg UniversityINF 253Heidelberg69120Germany
| | - Andrew Holle
- Department of Cellular BiophysicsMax Planck Institute for Medical ResearchJahnstraße 29Heidelberg69120Germany
- Department of Biophysical ChemistryHeidelberg UniversityINF 253Heidelberg69120Germany
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Cellular BiophysicsMax Planck Institute for Medical ResearchJahnstraße 29Heidelberg69120Germany
- Department of Biophysical ChemistryHeidelberg UniversityINF 253Heidelberg69120Germany
| | - Francesca Posa
- Department of Cellular BiophysicsMax Planck Institute for Medical ResearchJahnstraße 29Heidelberg69120Germany
- Department of Biophysical ChemistryHeidelberg UniversityINF 253Heidelberg69120Germany
- Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineMedical SchoolUniversity of FoggiaFoggia71122Italy
| | - Francesca Biagioni
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMMIstituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)Via Adamello 16Milan20139Italy
| | - Ottavio Croci
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMMIstituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)Via Adamello 16Milan20139Italy
| | - Amelie S. Benk
- Department of Cellular BiophysicsMax Planck Institute for Medical ResearchJahnstraße 29Heidelberg69120Germany
- Department of Biophysical ChemistryHeidelberg UniversityINF 253Heidelberg69120Germany
| | - Jennifer Young
- Department of Cellular BiophysicsMax Planck Institute for Medical ResearchJahnstraße 29Heidelberg69120Germany
- Department of Biophysical ChemistryHeidelberg UniversityINF 253Heidelberg69120Germany
| | - Fatima Noureddine
- Department of Cellular BiophysicsMax Planck Institute for Medical ResearchJahnstraße 29Heidelberg69120Germany
- Department of Biophysical ChemistryHeidelberg UniversityINF 253Heidelberg69120Germany
| | - Jie Deng
- College of Polymer Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065China
- Department of Cellular BiophysicsMax Planck Institute for Medical ResearchJahnstraße 29Heidelberg69120Germany
- Department of Biophysical ChemistryHeidelberg UniversityINF 253Heidelberg69120Germany
| | - Man Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065China
- Department of Cellular BiophysicsMax Planck Institute for Medical ResearchJahnstraße 29Heidelberg69120Germany
- Department of Biophysical ChemistryHeidelberg UniversityINF 253Heidelberg69120Germany
| | - Gareth J. Inman
- Growth Factor Signalling and Squamous CancersCancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGarscube EstateGlasgowG61 1BDUK
- Institute of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQUK
| | - Joachim P. Spatz
- Department of Cellular BiophysicsMax Planck Institute for Medical ResearchJahnstraße 29Heidelberg69120Germany
- Department of Biophysical ChemistryHeidelberg UniversityINF 253Heidelberg69120Germany
| | - Stefano Campaner
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMMIstituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)Via Adamello 16Milan20139Italy
| | - Elisabetta A. Cavalcanti‐Adam
- Department of Cellular BiophysicsMax Planck Institute for Medical ResearchJahnstraße 29Heidelberg69120Germany
- Department of Biophysical ChemistryHeidelberg UniversityINF 253Heidelberg69120Germany
- Central Scientific Facility “Cellular Biotechnology,”MPI for Medical ResearchJahnstr. 29Heidelberg69120Germany
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20
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Upton PD, Park JES, De Souza PM, Davies RJ, Griffiths MJD, Wort SJ, Morrell NW. Endothelial protective factors BMP9 and BMP10 inhibit CCL2 release by human vascular endothelial cells. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs239715. [PMID: 32576665 PMCID: PMC7390625 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.239715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) and BMP10 are circulating ligands that mediate endothelial cell (EC) protection via complexes of the type I receptor ALK1 and the type II receptors activin type-IIA receptor (ACTR-IIA) and bone morphogenetic type II receptor (BMPR-II). We previously demonstrated that BMP9 induces the expression of interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and E-selectin in ECs and might influence their interactions with monocytes and neutrophils. We asked whether BMP9 and BMP10 regulate the expression of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), a key chemokine involved in monocyte-macrophage chemoattraction. Here, we show that BMP9 and BMP10 repress basal CCL2 expression and release from human pulmonary artery ECs and aortic ECs. The repression was dependent on ALK1 and co-dependent on ACTR-IIA and BMPR-II. Assessment of canonical Smad signalling indicated a reliance of this response on Smad4. Of note, Smad1/5 signalling contributed only at BMP9 concentrations similar to those in the circulation. In the context of inflammation, BMP9 did not alter the induction of CCL2 by TNF-α. As CCL2 promotes monocyte/macrophage chemotaxis and endothelial permeability, these data support the concept that BMP9 preserves basal endothelial integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Upton
- University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke's/CUHNHSFT and Papworth Hospitals, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - John E S Park
- Unit of Critical Care, NHLI, Imperial College, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | | | - Rachel J Davies
- Unit of Critical Care, NHLI, Imperial College, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | | | - Stephen J Wort
- Unit of Critical Care, NHLI, Imperial College, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Nicholas W Morrell
- University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke's/CUHNHSFT and Papworth Hospitals, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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21
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Gunnella F, Kunisch E, Horbert V, Maenz S, Bossert J, Jandt KD, Plöger F, Kinne RW. In Vitro Release of Bioactive Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (GDF5, BB-1, and BMP-2) from a PLGA Fiber-Reinforced, Brushite-Forming Calcium Phosphate Cement. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11090455. [PMID: 31484306 PMCID: PMC6781330 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11090455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone regeneration of sheep lumbar osteopenia is promoted by targeted delivery of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) via a biodegradable, brushite-forming calcium-phosphate-cement (CPC) with stabilizing poly(l-lactide-co-glycolide) acid (PLGA) fibers. The present study sought to quantify the release and bioactivity of BMPs from a specific own CPC formulation successfully used in previous in vivo studies. CPC solid bodies with PLGA fibers (0%, 5%, 10%) containing increasing dosages of GDF5, BB-1, and BMP-2 (2 to 1000 µg/mL) were ground and extracted in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or pure sheep serum/cell culture medium containing 10% fetal calf serum (FCS; up to 30/31 days). Released BMPs were quantified by ELISA, bioactivity was determined via alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity after 3-day exposure of different osteogenic cell lines (C2C12; C2C12BRlb with overexpressed BMP-receptor-1b; MCHT-1/26; ATDC-5) and via the influence of the extracts on the expression of osteogenic/chondrogenic genes and proteins in human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs). There was hardly any BMP release in PBS, whereas in medium + FCS or sheep serum the cumulative release over 30/31 days was 11-34% for GDF5 and 6-17% for BB-1; the release of BMP-2 over 14 days was 25.7%. Addition of 10% PLGA fibers significantly augmented the 14-day release of GDF5 and BMP-2 (to 22.6% and 43.7%, respectively), but not of BB-1 (13.2%). All BMPs proved to be bioactive, as demonstrated by increased ALP activity in several cell lines, with partial enhancement by 10% PLGA fibers, and by a specific, early regulation of osteogenic/chondrogenic genes and proteins in hASCs. Between 10% and 45% of bioactive BMPs were released in vitro from CPC + PLGA fibers over a time period of 14 days, providing a basis for estimating and tailoring therapeutically effective doses for experimental and human in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gunnella
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkrankenhaus "Rudolf Elle", Klosterlausnitzer Str. 81, 07607 Eisenberg, Germany
| | - Elke Kunisch
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkrankenhaus "Rudolf Elle", Klosterlausnitzer Str. 81, 07607 Eisenberg, Germany
| | - Victoria Horbert
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkrankenhaus "Rudolf Elle", Klosterlausnitzer Str. 81, 07607 Eisenberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Maenz
- Chair of Materials Science, Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jörg Bossert
- Chair of Materials Science, Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Klaus D Jandt
- Chair of Materials Science, Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena School for Microbial Communication (JSMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Raimund W Kinne
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkrankenhaus "Rudolf Elle", Klosterlausnitzer Str. 81, 07607 Eisenberg, Germany.
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22
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Kamalludin MH, Garcia-Guerra A, Wiltbank MC, Kirkpatrick BW. Trio, a novel high fecundity allele: I. Transcriptome analysis of granulosa cells from carriers and noncarriers of a major gene for bovine ovulation rate. Biol Reprod 2019; 98:323-334. [PMID: 29088317 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/iox133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A major gene for bovine ovulation rate has been mapped to a 1.2 Mb region of chromosome 10. Screening of coding regions of positional candidate genes within this region failed to reveal a causative polymorphism, leading to the hypothesis that the phenotype results from differences in candidate gene expression rather than alteration of gene structure. This study tested differences in expression of positional candidate genes in granulosa cells between carriers and noncarriers of the high fecundity allele, as well as characterizing differences in the transcriptomic profile between genotypes. Five carriers and five noncarriers, female descendants of "Trio," a carrier of the high fecundity allele were initially used in an RNA-seq analysis of gene expression. Four of ten samples were contaminated with theca cells, so that six samples were used in the final analysis (three of each genotype). Of 14 973 genes expressed, 143 were differentially expressed (false discovery rate P < 0.05) in carriers versus noncarriers. Among the positional candidate genes, SMAD6 was 6.6-fold overexpressed in the carriers compared to noncarriers (P < 5 × 10-5). This result was replicated in an independent group of 12 females (7 carriers and 5 noncarriers) using quantitative real-time PCR; SMAD6 was 9.3-fold overexpressed in carriers versus noncarriers (P = 1.17 × 10-6). Association of overexpression of SMAD6, an inhibitor of the BMP/SMAD signaling pathway, with high ovulation rate corresponds well with disabling mutations in ligands (BMP15 and GDF9) and a receptor (BMPR1B) of this pathway that cause increased ovulation rate in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamat H Kamalludin
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Animal Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Alvaro Garcia-Guerra
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Milo C Wiltbank
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Brian W Kirkpatrick
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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23
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Wang JF, Lee M, Tsai T, Leiferman EM, Trask DJ, Squire MW, Li W. Bone Morphogenetic Protein-6 Attenuates Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus-Associated Bone Loss. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:522-534. [PMID: 30784225 PMCID: PMC6525561 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) often suffer from osteopenia or osteoporosis. Although most agree that T1DM-induced hyperglycemia is a risk factor for progressive bone loss, the mechanisms for the link between T1DM and bone loss still remain elusive. In this study, we found that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) isolated from T1DM donors were less inducible for osteogenesis than those from non-T1DM donors and further identified a mechanism involving bone morphogenetic protein-6 (BMP6) that was produced significantly less in BMSCs derived from T1DM donors than that in control cells. With addition of exogenous BMP6 in culture, osteogenesis of BMSCs from T1DM donors was restored whereas the treatment of BMP6 seemed not to affect non-T1DM control cells. We also demonstrated that bone mineral density (BMD) was reduced in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice compared with that in control animals, and intraperitoneal injection of BMP6 mitigated bone loss and increased BMD in diabetic mice. Our results suggest that bone formation in T1DM patients is impaired by reduction of endogenous BMP6, and supplementation of BMP6 enhances osteogenesis of BMSCs to restore BMD in a mouse model of T1DM, which provides insight into the development of clinical treatments for T1DM-assocaited bone loss. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:522-534.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse F. Wang
- Department of Orthopedics and RehabilitationUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Ming‐Song Lee
- Department of Orthopedics and RehabilitationUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Tsung‐Lin Tsai
- Department of Orthopedics and RehabilitationUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Ellen M. Leiferman
- Department of Orthopedics and RehabilitationUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Darrin J. Trask
- Department of Orthopedics and RehabilitationUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Matthew W. Squire
- Department of Orthopedics and RehabilitationUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Wan‐Ju Li
- Department of Orthopedics and RehabilitationUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
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24
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Wang B, Pan JX, Yu H, Xiong L, Zhao K, Xiong S, Guo JP, Lin S, Sun D, Zhao L, Guo H, Mei L, Xiong WC. Lack of Myosin X Enhances Osteoclastogenesis and Increases Cell Surface Unc5b in Osteoclast-Lineage Cells. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:939-954. [PMID: 30645777 PMCID: PMC7105956 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Normal bone mass is maintained by balanced bone formation and resorption. Myosin X (Myo10), an unconventional "myosin tail homology 4-band 4.1, ezrin, radixin, moesin" (MyTH4-FERM) domain containing myosin, is implicated in regulating osteoclast (OC) adhesion, podosome positioning, and differentiation in vitro. However, evidence is lacking for Myo10 in vivo function. Here we show that mice with Myo10 loss of function, Myo10m/m , exhibit osteoporotic deficits, which are likely due to the increased OC genesis and bone resorption because bone formation is unchanged. Similar deficits are detected in OC-selective Myo10 conditional knockout (cko) mice, indicating a cell autonomous function of Myo10. Further mechanistic studies suggest that Unc-5 Netrin receptor B (Unc5b) protein levels, in particular its cell surface level, are higher in the mutant OCs, but lower in RAW264.7 cells or HEK293 cells expressing Myo10. Suppressing Unc5b expression in bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) from Myo10m/m mice by infection with lentivirus of Unc5b shRNA markedly impaired RANKL-induced OC genesis. Netrin-1, a ligand of Unc5b, increased RANKL-induced OC formation in BMMs from both wild-type and Myo10m/m mice. Taken together, these results suggest that Myo10 plays a negative role in OC formation, likely by inhibiting Unc5b cell-surface targeting, and suppressing Netrin-1 promoted OC genesis. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jin-Xiu Pan
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Huali Yu
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Key laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lei Xiong
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Kai Zhao
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Shan Xiong
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jun-Peng Guo
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Sen Lin
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lu Zhao
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Key laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Haohan Guo
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Wen-Cheng Xiong
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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25
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BMP6 increases TGF-β1 production by up-regulating furin expression in human granulosa-lutein cells. Cell Signal 2019; 55:109-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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26
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Almehmadi A, Ohyama Y, Kaku M, Alamoudi A, Husein D, Katafuchi M, Mishina Y, Mochida Y. VWC2 Increases Bone Formation Through Inhibiting Activin Signaling. Calcif Tissue Int 2018; 103:663-674. [PMID: 30074079 PMCID: PMC6549224 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-018-0462-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
By a bioinformatics approach, we have identified a novel cysteine knot protein member, VWC2 (von Willebrand factor C domain containing 2) previously known as Brorin. Since Brorin has been proposed to function as a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist, we investigated the binding of Brorin/VWC2 to several BMPs; however, none of the BMPs tested were bound to VWC2. Instead, the βA subunit of activin was found as a binding partner among transforming growth factor (TGF)-β superfamily members. Here, we show that Vwc2 gene expression is temporally upregulated early in osteoblast differentiation, VWC2 protein is present in bone matrix, and localized at osteoblasts/osteocytes. Activin A-induced Smad2 phosphorylation was inhibited in the presence of exogenous VWC2 in MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cell line and primary osteoblasts. The effect of VWC2 on ex vivo cranial bone organ cultures treated with activin A was investigated, and bone morphometric parameters decreased by activin A were restored with VWC2. When we further investigated the biological mechanism how VWC2 inhibited the effects of activin A on bone formation, we found that the effects of activin A on osteoblast cell growth, differentiation, and mineralization were reversed by VWC2. Taken together, a novel secretory protein, VWC2 promotes bone formation by inhibiting Activin-Smad2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Almehmadi
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yoshio Ohyama
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Departoment of Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Kaku
- Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ahmed Alamoudi
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dina Husein
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michitsuna Katafuchi
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Section of Fixed Prosthodontics, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yoshiyuki Mochida
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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27
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Discovery of Heterotopic Bone-Inducing Activity in Hard Tissues and the TGF-β Superfamily. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113586. [PMID: 30428615 PMCID: PMC6274805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is a unique organ because it can be experimentally induced in soft tissues by implanting a single growth factor, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP). Heterotopic bone-inducing activity was found in demineralized bone matrix in 1965. The characterization of this activity in bone enabled the purification and molecular cloning of BMPs and showed that they are members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily. Assay systems developed for this bone-inducing activity revealed the molecular mechanisms of the intracellular signaling of members of the superfamily, including BMPs. Moreover, they are being applied to elucidate molecular mechanisms and to develop novel therapeutics for a disease caused by an abnormality in BMP signaling.
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28
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Grgurevic L, Oppermann H, Pecin M, Erjavec I, Capak H, Pauk M, Karlovic S, Kufner V, Lipar M, Bubic Spoljar J, Bordukalo-Niksic T, Maticic D, Peric M, Windhager R, Sampath TK, Vukicevic S. Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein 6 Delivered Within Autologous Blood Coagulum Restores Critical Size Segmental Defects of Ulna in Rabbits. JBMR Plus 2018; 3:e10085. [PMID: 31131338 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BMP2 and BMP7, which use bovine Achilles tendon-derived absorbable collagen sponge and bovine bone collagen as scaffold, respectively, have been approved as bone graft substitutes for orthopedic and dental indications. Here, we describe an osteoinductive autologous bone graft substitute (ABGS) that contains recombinant human BMP6 (rhBMP6) dispersed within autologous blood coagulum (ABC) scaffold. The ABGS is created as an injectable or implantable coagulum gel with rhBMP6 binding tightly to plasma proteins within fibrin meshwork, as examined by dot-blot assays, and is released slowly as an intact protein over 6 to 8 days, as assessed by ELISA. The biological activity of ABGS was examined in vivo in rats (Rattus norvegicus) and rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). In a rat subcutaneous implant assay, ABGS induced endochondral bone formation, as observed by histology and micro-CT analyses. In the rabbit ulna segmental defect model, a reproducible and robust bone formation with complete bridging and restoration of the defect was observed, which is dose dependent, as determined by radiographs, micro-CT, and histological analyses. In ABGS, ABC scaffold provides a permissive environment for bone induction and contributes to the use of lower doses of rhBMP6 compared with BMP7 in bovine bone collagen as scaffold. The newly formed bone undergoes remodeling and establishes cortices uniformly that is restricted to implant site by bridging with host bone. In summary, ABC carrier containing rhBMP6 may serve as an osteoinductive autologous bone graft substitute for several orthopedic applications that include delayed and nonunion fractures, anterior and posterior lumbar interbody fusion, trauma, and nonunions associated with neurofibromatosis type I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovorka Grgurevic
- Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues School of Medicine University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | | | - Marko Pecin
- Clinics for Surgery, Orthopedics, and Ophthalmology School of Veterinary Medicine University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | - Igor Erjavec
- Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues School of Medicine University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Capak
- Department of Radiology School of Veterinary Medicine University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | - Martina Pauk
- Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues School of Medicine University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | - Sven Karlovic
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | - Vera Kufner
- Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues School of Medicine University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | - Marija Lipar
- Clinics for Surgery, Orthopedics, and Ophthalmology School of Veterinary Medicine University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | - Jadranka Bubic Spoljar
- Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues School of Medicine University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | | | - Drazen Maticic
- Clinics for Surgery, Orthopedics, and Ophthalmology School of Veterinary Medicine University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | - Mihaela Peric
- Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues School of Medicine University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | - Reinhard Windhager
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | | | - Slobodan Vukicevic
- Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues School of Medicine University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
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29
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Weiss-Bilka HE, Brill JA, Ravosa MJ. Non-sutural basicranium-derived cells undergo a unique mineralization pathway via a cartilage intermediate in vitro. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5757. [PMID: 30386695 PMCID: PMC6202976 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The basicranium serves as a key interface in the mammalian skull, interacting with the calvarium, facial skeleton and vertebral column. Despite its critical function, little is known about basicranial bone formation, particularly on a cellular level. The goal of this study was therefore to cultivate a better understanding of basicranial development by isolating and characterizing the osteogenic potential of cells from the neonatal murine cranial base. Osteoblast-like basicranial cells were isolated, seeded in multicellular aggregates (designated micromasses), and cultured in osteogenic medium in the presence or absence of bone morphogenetic protein-6 (BMP6). A minimal osteogenic response was observed in control osteogenic medium, while BMP6 treatment induced a chondrogenic response followed by up-regulation of osteogenic markers and extensive mineralization. This response appears to be distinct from prior analyses of the calvarium and long bones, as basicranial cells did not mineralize under standard osteogenic conditions, but rather required BMP6 to stimulate mineralization, which occurred via an endochondral-like process. These findings suggest that this site may be unique compared to other cranial elements as well as the limb skeleton, and we propose that the distinct characteristics of these cells may be a function of the distinct properties of the basicranium: endochondral ossification, dual embryology, and complex loading environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly E. Weiss-Bilka
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America
| | - Justin A. Brill
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America
| | - Matthew J. Ravosa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America
- Department of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America
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30
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Cabanas-Danés J, Landman E, Huskens J, Karperien M, Jonkheijm P. Hydrolytically Labile Linkers Regulate Release and Activity of Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-6. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:9298-9306. [PMID: 30005569 PMCID: PMC6143286 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Release of growth factors while simultaneously maintaining their full biological activity over a period of days to weeks is an important issue in controlled drug delivery and in tissue engineering. In addition, the selected strategy to immobilize growth factors largely determines their biological activity. Silica surfaces derivatized with glycidyloxy propyl trimethoxysilane and poly(glycidyl methacrylate) brushes yielded epoxide-functionalized surfaces onto which human bone morphogenetic protein-6 (hBMP-6) was immobilized giving stable secondary amine bonds. The biological activity of hBMP-6 was unleashed by hydrolysis of the surface siloxane and ester bonds. We demonstrate that this type of labile bonding strategy can be applied to biomaterial surfaces with relatively simple and biocompatible chemistry, such as siloxane, ester, and imine bonds. Our data indicates that the use of differential hydrolytically labile linkers is a versatile method for functionalization of biomaterials with a variety of growth factors providing control over their biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Cabanas-Danés
- Bioinspired
Molecular Engineering Laboratory, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Molecular
Nanofabrication Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente,
P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Ellie Landman
- Developmental
BioEngineering Group, TechMed Centre, University
of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jurriaan Huskens
- Molecular
Nanofabrication Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente,
P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Karperien
- Developmental
BioEngineering Group, TechMed Centre, University
of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal Jonkheijm
- Bioinspired
Molecular Engineering Laboratory, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Molecular
Nanofabrication Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente,
P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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31
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Bo X, Wu M, Xiao H, Wang H. Transcriptome analyses reveal molecular mechanisms that regulate endochondral ossification in amphibian Bufo gargarizans during metamorphosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:2632-2644. [PMID: 30076880 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A developmental transition from aquatic to terrestrial existence is one of the most important events in the evolution of terrestrial vertebrates. Amphibian metamorphosis is a classic model to study this transition. The development of the vertebrate skeleton can reflect its evolutionary history. Endochondral ossification serves a vital role in skeletal development. Thus, we sought to unravel molecular mechanisms that regulate endochondral ossification during Bufo gargarizans metamorphosis. METHODS The alizarin red-alcian blue double staining method was used to visualize the skeletal development of B. gargarizans during metamorphosis. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to explore the transcriptome of B. gargarizans in four key developmental stages during metamorphosis. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to validate the expression patterns of endochondral ossification related genes. RESULTS Endochondral ossification increased gradually in skeletal system of B. gargarizans during metamorphosis. A total of 137,264 unigenes were assembled and 44,035 unigenes were annotated. 10,352 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were further extracted among four key developmental stages. In addition, 28 endochondral ossification related genes were found by searching for DEG libraries in B. gargarizans. Of the 28 genes, 10 genes were validated using RT-qPCR. CONCLUSIONS The exquisite coordination of the 28 genes is essential for regulation of endochondral ossification during B. gargarizans metamorphosis. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The present study will not only provide an invaluable genomic resource and background for further research of endochondral ossification in amphibians but will also aid in enhancing our understanding of the evolution of terrestrial vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Bo
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Minyao Wu
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Hui Xiao
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Hongyuan Wang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China.
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32
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Zhang XY, Chang HM, Taylor EL, Liu RZ, Leung PCK. BMP6 Downregulates GDNF Expression Through SMAD1/5 and ERK1/2 Signaling Pathways in Human Granulosa-Lutein Cells. Endocrinology 2018; 159:2926-2938. [PMID: 29750278 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 6 is a critical regulator of follicular development that is expressed in mammalian oocytes and granulosa cells. Glial cell line‒derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is an intraovarian neurotrophic factor that plays an essential role in regulating mammalian oocyte maturation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of BMP6 on the regulation of GDNF expression and the potential underlying mechanisms. We used an established immortalized human granulosa cell line (SVOG cells) and primary human granulosa-lutein (hGL) cells as in vitro cell models. Our results showed that BMP6 significantly downregulated the expression of GDNF in both SVOG and primary hGL cells. With dual inhibition approaches (kinase receptor inhibitor and small interfering RNA knockdown), our results showed that both activin receptor kinase-like (ALK) 2 and ALK3 are involved in BMP6-induced downregulation of GDNF. In addition, BMP6 induced the phosphorylation of Sma- and Mad-related protein (SMAD)1/5/8 and ERK1/2 but not AKT or p38. Among three downstream mediators, both SMAD1 and SMAD5 are involved in BMP6-induced downregulation of GDNF. Moreover, concomitant knockdown of endogenous SMAD4 and inhibition of ERK1/2 activity completely reversed BMP6-induced downregulation of GDNF, indicating that both SMAD and ERK1/2 signaling pathways are required for the regulatory effect of BMP6 on GDNF expression. Our findings suggest an additional role for an intrafollicular growth factor in regulating follicular function through paracrine interactions in human granulosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yue Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hsun-Ming Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Elizabeth L Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rui-Zhi Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Peter C K Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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33
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Fujita S, Hasegawa T, Nishiyama Y, Fujisawa S, Nakano Y, Nada T, Iwata N, Kamada Y, Masuyama H, Otsuka F. Interaction between orexin A and bone morphogenetic protein system on progesterone biosynthesis by rat granulosa cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 181:73-79. [PMID: 29545164 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of orexins in reproductive function has been gradually uncovered. However, the functional role of orexins in ovarian steroidogenesis remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of orexin A on ovarian steroidogenesis by using rat primary granulosa cells that express both OX1 and OX2 receptors for orexins. Treatment with orexin A enhanced progesterone, but not estradiol, biosynthesis induced by FSH, whereas it did not affect basal levels of progesterone or estradiol. In accordance with the effects on steroidogenesis, orexin A increased the mRNA levels of progesterogenic enzymes, including StAR, P450scc and 3βHSD, but not P450arom, and cellular cAMP synthesis induced by FSH. Under the condition of blockage of endogenous BMP actions by noggin or BMP-signaling inhibitors, orexin A failed to increase levels of progesterone synthesis induced by FSH treatment, suggesting that endogenous BMP activity in granulosa cells might be involved in the enhancement of progesterone synthesis by orexin A. Treatment with orexin A impaired Smad1/5/9 activation as well as Id-1 mRNA expression stimulated by BMP-6 and BMP-7, the latter of which was reversed by treatment with an OX1 antagonist. It was also found that orexin A suppressed the mRNA expression of both type-I and -II receptors for BMPs and increased that of inhibitory Smad6 and Smad7 in granulosa cells. On the other hand, treatments with BMP-6 and -7 suppressed the expression of OX1 and OX2. Collectively, the results indicated that orexin A enhances FSH-induced progesterone production, at least in part, by downregulating BMP signaling in granulosa cells. Thus, a new role of orexin A in facilitating progesterone synthesis and functional interaction between the orexin and BMP systems in granulosa cells were revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Fujita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Toru Hasegawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yuki Nishiyama
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujisawa
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakano
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nada
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Nahoko Iwata
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Kamada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hisashi Masuyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Fumio Otsuka
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
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Duruel T, Çakmak AS, Akman A, Nohutcu RM, Gümüşderelioğlu M. Sequential IGF-1 and BMP-6 releasing chitosan/alginate/PLGA hybrid scaffolds for periodontal regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 104:232-241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Benn A, Hiepen C, Osterland M, Schütte C, Zwijsen A, Knaus P. Role of bone morphogenetic proteins in sprouting angiogenesis: differential BMP receptor-dependent signaling pathways balance stalk vs. tip cell competence. FASEB J 2017; 31:4720-4733. [PMID: 28733457 PMCID: PMC5636702 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700193rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Before the onset of sprouting angiogenesis, the endothelium is prepatterned for the positioning of tip and stalk cells. Both cell identities are not static, as endothelial cells (ECs) constantly compete for the tip cell position in a dynamic fashion. Here, we show that both bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and BMP6 are proangiogenic in vitro and ex vivo and that the BMP type I receptors, activin receptor-like kinase 3 (ALK3) and ALK2, play crucial and distinct roles in this process. BMP2 activates the expression of tip cell-associated genes, such as delta-like ligand 4 (DLL4) and kinase insert domain receptor (KDR), and p38-heat shock protein 27 (HSP27)-dependent cell migration, thereby generating tip cell competence. Whereas BMP6 also triggers collective cell migration via the p38-HSP27 signaling axis, BMP6 induces in addition SMAD1/5 signaling, thereby promoting the expression of stalk cell-associated genes, such as hairy and enhancer of split 1 (HES1) and fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (FLT1). Specifically, ALK3 is required for sprouting from HUVEC spheroids, whereas ALK2 represses sprout formation. We demonstrate that expression levels and respective complex formation of BMP type I receptors in ECs determine stalk vs. tip cell identity, thus contributing to endothelial plasticity during sprouting angiogenesis. As antiangiogenic monotherapies that target the VEGF or ALK1 pathways have not fulfilled efficacy objectives in clinical trials, the selective targeting of the ALK2/3 pathways may be an attractive new approach.-Benn, A., Hiepen, C., Osterland, M., Schütte, C., Zwijsen, A., Knaus, P. Role of bone morphogenetic proteins in sprouting angiogenesis: differential BMP receptor-dependent signaling pathways balance stalk vs. tip cell competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Benn
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Graduate School 1093, Berlin School of Integrative Oncology, Berlin, Germany.,DFG Graduate School 203, Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany.,Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB) Center for Brain and Disease Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christian Hiepen
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DFG Graduate School 203, Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc Osterland
- Zuse Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Mathematics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christof Schütte
- Zuse Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Mathematics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - An Zwijsen
- Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB) Center for Brain and Disease Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Petra Knaus
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; .,Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Graduate School 1093, Berlin School of Integrative Oncology, Berlin, Germany.,DFG Graduate School 203, Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
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Synergistic effects of BMP-2, BMP-6 or BMP-7 with human plasma fibronectin onto hydroxyapatite coatings: A comparative study. Acta Biomater 2017; 55:481-492. [PMID: 28434979 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Design of new osteoinductive biomaterials to reproduce an optimized physiological environment capable of recruiting stem cells and instructing their fate towards the osteoblastic lineage has become a priority in orthopaedic surgery. This work aims at evaluating the bioactivity of BMP combined with human plasma fibronectin (FN/BMP) delivered in solution or coated onto titanium-hydroxyapatite (TiHA) surfaces. Herein, we focus on the comparison of in vitro osteogenic efficacy in mouse C2C12 pre-osteoblasts of three BMP members, namely: BMP-2, BMP-6 and BMP-7. In parallel, we evaluated the molecular binding strength between each BMP with FN using the Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) technology. The affinity of BMPs for FN was found totally different and dependent on BMP type. Indeed, the combination of FN with BMP-2 on TiHA surfaces potentiates the burst of gene-mediated osteogenic induction, while it prolongs the osteogenic activity of BMP-6 and surprisingly annihilates the BMP-7 one. These results correlate with FN/BMP affinity for TiHA, since BMP-6>BMP-2>BMP-7. In addition, by analyzing the osteogenic activity in the peri-implant environment, we showed that osteoinductive paracrine effects were significantly decreased upon (FN/BMP-6), as opposed to (FN/BMP-2) coatings. Altogether, our results support the use of FN/BMP-6 to develop a biomimetic microenvironment capable to induce osteogenic activity under physiological conditions, with minimum paracrine signalization. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The originality of our paper relies on the first direct comparison of the in vitro osteogenic potential of three osteogenic BMPs (BMP-2, -6 and -7) combined with native human plasma fibronectin delivered in solution or coated by laser transfer onto titanium hydroxyapatite surfaces. We confirm that BMP association with fibronectin enhances the osteogenic activity of BMP-2, -6 and -7, but with essential discrepancies, depending on the BMP member, and in agreement with the affinity of BMPs for fibronectin. Moreover, we bring elements to explain the origin of the BMP-2 medical life-threatening side-effects by analyzing in vitro paracrine effects. Finally, this work supports the alternative use of FN/BMP-6 to induce osteogenic activity under physiological conditions, with minimum side effects.
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Park KH, Cho EH, Bae WJ, Kim HS, Lim HC, Park YD, Lee MO, Cho ES, Kim EC. Role of PIN1 on in vivo periodontal tissue and in vitro cells. J Periodontal Res 2017; 52:617-627. [PMID: 28198538 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although expression of peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (PIN1) was reported in bone tissue, the precise role of PIN1 in periodontal tissue and cells remain unclear. MATERIAL & METHODS To elucidate the roles of PIN1 in periodontal tissue, its expression in periodontal tissue and cells, and effects on in vitro 4 osteoblast differentiation and the underlying signaling mechanisms were evaluated. RESULTS PIN1 was expressed in mouse periodontal tissues including periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs), cementoblasts and osteoblasts at the developing root formation stage (postnatal, PN14) and functional stage of tooth (PN28). Treatment of PIN1 inhibitor juglone, and gene silencing by RNA interference promoted osteoblast differentiation in PDLCs and cementoblasts, whereas the overexpression of PIN1 inhibited. Moreover, osteogenic medium-induced activation of AMPK, mTOR, Akt, ERK, p38 and NF-jB pathways were enhanced by PIN1 siRNA, but attenuated by PIN1 overexpression. Runx2 expressions were induced by PIN1 siRNA, but downregulated by PIN1 overexpression. CONCLUSION In summary, this study is the first to demonstrate that PIN1 is expressed in developing periodontal tissue, and in vitro PDLCs and cementoblasts. PIN1 inhibition stimulates osteoblast differentiation, and thus may play an important role in periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-H Park
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - E-H Cho
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - W-J Bae
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, and Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration (MRC), School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - H-S Kim
- Department of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - H-C Lim
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y-D Park
- Department of Preventive and Society Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - M-O Lee
- Department of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - E-S Cho
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - E-C Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, and Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration (MRC), School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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38
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Gandhi D, Naoghare PK, Bafana A, Kannan K, Sivanesan S. Fluoride-Induced Oxidative and Inflammatory Stress in Osteosarcoma Cells: Does It Affect Bone Development Pathway? Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 175:103-111. [PMID: 27234253 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0756-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is reported to negatively affect osteoblast cells. Present study reports oxidative and inflammatory signatures in fluoride-exposed human osteosarcoma (HOS) cells, and their possible association with the genes involved in osteoblastic differentiation and bone development pathways. HOS cells were challenged with sublethal concentration (8 mg/L) of sodium fluoride for 30 days and analyzed for transcriptomic expression. In total, 2632 transcripts associated with several biological processes were found to be differentially expressed. Specifically, genes involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, osteoblastic differentiation, and bone development pathways were found to be significantly altered. Variation in expression of key genes involved in the abovementioned pathways was validated through qPCR. Expression of serum amyloid A1 protein, a key regulator of stress and inflammatory pathways, was validated through western blot analysis. This study provides evidence that chronic oxidative and inflammatory stress may be associated with the fluoride-induced impediment in osteoblast differentiation and bone development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Gandhi
- Environmental Health Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, India
| | - Pravin K Naoghare
- Environmental Health Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, India
| | - Amit Bafana
- Environmental Health Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, India
| | - Krishnamurthi Kannan
- Environmental Health Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, India
| | - Saravanadevi Sivanesan
- Environmental Health Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, India.
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Raja E, Tzavlaki K, Vuilleumier R, Edlund K, Kahata K, Zieba A, Morén A, Watanabe Y, Voytyuk I, Botling J, Söderberg O, Micke P, Pyrowolakis G, Heldin CH, Moustakas A. The protein kinase LKB1 negatively regulates bone morphogenetic protein receptor signaling. Oncotarget 2016; 7:1120-43. [PMID: 26701726 PMCID: PMC4811448 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein kinase LKB1 regulates cell metabolism and growth and is implicated in intestinal and lung cancer. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling regulates cell differentiation during development and tissue homeostasis. We demonstrate that LKB1 physically interacts with BMP type I receptors and requires Smad7 to promote downregulation of the receptor. Accordingly, LKB1 suppresses BMP-induced osteoblast differentiation and affects BMP signaling in Drosophila wing longitudinal vein morphogenesis. LKB1 protein expression and Smad1 phosphorylation analysis in a cohort of non-small cell lung cancer patients demonstrated a negative correlation predominantly in a subset enriched in adenocarcinomas. Lung cancer patient data analysis indicated strong correlation between LKB1 loss-of-function mutations and high BMP2 expression, and these two events further correlated with expression of a gene subset functionally linked to apoptosis and migration. This new mechanism of BMP receptor regulation by LKB1 has ramifications in physiological organogenesis and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erna Raja
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kalliopi Tzavlaki
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robin Vuilleumier
- BIOSS, Centre for Biological Signaling Studies and Institute for Biology I, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Karolina Edlund
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kaoru Kahata
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Agata Zieba
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anita Morén
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yukihide Watanabe
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Iryna Voytyuk
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Botling
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ola Söderberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Patrick Micke
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - George Pyrowolakis
- BIOSS, Centre for Biological Signaling Studies and Institute for Biology I, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carl-Henrik Heldin
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aristidis Moustakas
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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40
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Hu M, Cui F, Liu F, Wang J, Wei X, Li Y. BMP signaling pathways affect differently migration and invasion of esophageal squamous cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2016; 50:193-202. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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41
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Appleby SL, Mitrofan CG, Crosby A, Hoenderdos K, Lodge K, Upton PD, Yates CM, Nash GB, Chilvers ER, Morrell NW. Bone Morphogenetic Protein 9 Enhances Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Leukocyte Recruitment to the Vascular Endothelium. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:3302-3314. [PMID: 27647829 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)9 is a circulating growth factor that is part of the TGF-β superfamily and is an essential regulator of vascular endothelial homeostasis. Previous studies have suggested a role for BMP9 signaling in leukocyte recruitment to the endothelium, but the directionality of this effect and underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated. In this study, we report that BMP9 upregulates TLR4 expression in human endothelial cells and that BMP9 pretreatment synergistically increases human neutrophil recruitment to LPS-stimulated human endothelial monolayers in an in vitro flow adhesion assay. BMP9 alone did not induce neutrophil recruitment to the endothelium. We also show that E-selectin and VCAM-1, but not ICAM-1, are upregulated in response to BMP9 in LPS-stimulated human endothelial cells. Small interfering RNA knockdown of activin receptor-like kinase 1 inhibited the BMP9-induced expression of TLR4 and VCAM-1 and inhibited BMP9-induced human neutrophil recruitment to LPS-stimulated human endothelial cells. BMP9 treatment also increased leukocyte recruitment within the pulmonary circulation in a mouse acute endotoxemia model. These results demonstrate that although BMP9 alone does not influence leukocyte recruitment, it primes the vascular endothelium to mount a more intense response when challenged with LPS through an increase in TLR4, E-selectin, and VCAM-1 and ultimately through enhanced leukocyte recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Appleby
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Alexi Crosby
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kim Hoenderdos
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katharine Lodge
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul D Upton
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Clara M Yates
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gerard B Nash
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Edwin R Chilvers
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas W Morrell
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
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Fazeli Z, Omrani MD, Ghaderian SMH. CD29/CD184 expression analysis provides a signature for identification of neuronal like cells differentiated from PBMSCs. Neurosci Lett 2016; 630:189-193. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Yoo SH, Kim JG, Kim BS, Lee J, Pi SH, Lim HD, Shin HI, Cho ES, You HK. BST2 Mediates Osteoblast Differentiation via the BMP2 Signaling Pathway in Human Alveolar-Derived Bone Marrow Stromal Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158481. [PMID: 27359105 PMCID: PMC4928849 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms controlling the differentiation of bone marrow stromal stem cells into osteoblasts remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated whether bone marrow stromal antigen 2 (BST2) influences differentiation toward the osteoblasts lineage. BST2 mRNA expression in human alveolar-derived bone marrow stromal cells (hAD-BMSCs) increased during differentiation into osteoblasts. hAD-BMSCs differentiation into osteoblasts and the mRNA expression of the bone-specific markers alkaline phosphatase, collagen type α 1, bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin, and osterix were reduced by BST2 knockdown using siRNA. Furthermore, BST2 knockdown in hAD-BMSCs resulted in decreased RUNX2 mRNA and protein expression. We hypothesized that BST2 is involved in differentiation of into osteoblasts via the BMP2 signaling pathway. Accordingly, we evaluated the mRNA expression levels of BMP2, BMP receptors (BMPR1 and 2), and the downstream signaling molecules SMAD1, SMAD4, and p-SMAD1/5/8 in BST2 knockdown cells. BMP2 expression following the induction of differentiation was significantly lower in BST2 knockdown cells than in cells treated with a non-targeting control siRNA. Similar results were found for the knockdown of the BMP2 receptor- BMPR1A. We also identified significantly lower expression of SMAD1, SMAD4, and p-SMAD1/5/8 in the BST2 knockdown cells than control cells. Our data provide the first evidence that BST2 is involved in the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells via the regulation of the BMP2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hyang Yoo
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
- Faculty of Biological Science and Institute for Biodiversity Research, College of Natural Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Jae Goo Kim
- Faculty of Biological Science and Institute for Biodiversity Research, College of Natural Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Beom-Su Kim
- Wonkwang Bone Regeneration Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Daejeon, Korea
- Bone Cell Biotech Inc., Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jun Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Daejeon Dental Hospital, Wonkwang University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Pi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Hyun-Dae Lim
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Hong-In Shin
- IHBR, Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Eui-Sic Cho
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Hyung-Keun You
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
- * E-mail:
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44
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Akiyoshi T, Uchida K, Tateyama S. Expression of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-6 and Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors in Myoepithelial Cells of Canine Mammary Gland Tumors. Vet Pathol 2016; 41:154-63. [PMID: 15017029 DOI: 10.1354/vp.41-2-154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To study the ectopic chondrogenesis in canine mammary mixed tumors, the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-6 (BMP-6) and specific BMP receptors (BMPRs), BMPR-IA, BMPR-IB, and BMPR-II, was examined using immunohistochemical and immunoblot analysis in 39 canine mammary gland tumors. Immunohistochemically, BMP-6 and all three types of BMPRs were coexpressed in the myoepithelial cells and chondrocytes in six of eight benign mixed tumors. In complex adenomas, myoepithelial cells showed an expression pattern of BMP-6, BMPR-IA, and BMPR-II similar to those in benign mixed tumors, whereas immunoreactivity for BMPR-IB was very mild. The myoepithelial cells proliferating within the basement membrane showed more intense immunoreactivity for BMP-6 and all BMPRs as compared with those proliferating in the interstitial areas. Western blotting analysis revealed immunopositive bands at 40–45 kDa for BMP-6 in the samples from simple and complex adenomas and benign mixed tumors. The BMPR-IB-specific bands at 45 kDa were most detected in benign mixed tumors. Because among BMPRs, BMPR-IB is thought to be the major receptor for BMP-6 for primary chondrogenesis, these findings suggest that the expression of BMP and its receptors on the myoepithelial cells might play a role in the ectopic cartilage formation in canine mammary gland tumors, especially in benign mixed tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Akiyoshi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Miyazaki University, Miyazaki 889-2199, Japan
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Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), originally identified as osteoinductive components in extracts derived from bone, are now known to play important roles in a wide array of processes during formation and maintenance of various organs including bone, cartilage, muscle, kidney, and blood vessels. BMPs and the related "growth and differentiation factors" (GDFs) are members of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family, and transduce their signals through type I and type II serine-threonine kinase receptors and their intracellular downstream effectors, including Smad proteins. Furthermore, BMP signals are finely tuned by various agonists and antagonists. Because deregulation of the BMP activity at multiple steps in signal transduction is linked to a wide variety of human diseases, therapeutic use of activators and inhibitors of BMP signaling will provide potential avenues for the treatment of the human disorders that are caused by hypo- and hyperactivation of BMP signals, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takenobu Katagiri
- Division of Pathophysiology, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka-shi, Saitama 350-1241, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Watabe
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Bio-Matrix, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
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46
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Fabrication of pluronic and methylcellulose for etidronate delivery and their application for osteogenesis. Int J Pharm 2015; 499:110-118. [PMID: 26748362 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.12.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Novel hydrogels were prepared by blending 4% (w/w) methylcellulose (MC) with various concentrations of 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20% (w/w) pluronic F127 (PF) to form injectable implant drug delivery systems. The blends formed gels using lower concentrations of PF compared to when using PF alone. Etidronate sodium (EDS) at a concentration of 4×10(-3)M was loaded into these blends for producing an osteogenesis effect. The pure gels or EDS loaded gels exhibited cytocompatibility to both the osteoblast (MC3T3-E1) and myoblast (C2C12) cell lines whereas the gels of 16PF, 18PF and 20PF were very cytotoxic to the cells. The EDS loaded gels demonstrated significantly greater alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities compared to the pure gels. The longer exposure time periods of the samples to the cells, the greater was the ALP activity. These EDS loaded gels significantly increased proliferation of both cell lines thus indicating a bone regeneration effect. The PF/MC blends prolonged the in vitro release of EDS for more than 28 days. Based on the in vitro degradation test, the MC extensively improved the gel strength of the PF and delayed the degradation of the gels thus making them more functional for a sustained drug delivery for osteogenesis.
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47
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Araújo VR, Silva GM, Duarte ABG, Magalhães-Padilha DM, Almeida AP, Lunardi FO, Serafim MKB, Moura AAA, Campello CC, Rodrigues APR, Figueiredo JR. Bone Morphogenetic Protein-6 (BMP-6) Stimulates the Antrum Formation by the Regulation of its Signalling Pathway in Caprine Pre-antral Follicles Cultured In Vitro. Reprod Domest Anim 2015; 51:59-68. [PMID: 26660854 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BMP-6 has been found to be important to ovarian cells and oocyte, as well as to uterus. Thus, this study investigated the effect of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-6) and recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (rFSH) alone or in combination on the in vitro culture (IVC) of isolated caprine secondary follicles (Experiment 1) and the mRNA levels for BMP receptors/Smad signalling pathway (BMPR1A, BMPR2, SMAD1, SMAD4, SMAD5, SMAD6, SMAD7 and SMAD8) in vivo and in vitro using BMP-6 (Experiment 2). Secondary follicles were cultured in αMEM(+) alone (control medium) or supplemented with BMP-6 at 1 or 10 ng/ml and rFSH alone or the combination of both BMP-6 concentrations and rFSH. The results from Experiment 1 showed that the antrum formation rate was higher in the BMP-6 at 1 ng/ml (p < 0.05) than in MEM. In Experiment 2, the mRNA expression for BMPR2, SMAD1, SMAD5 and SMAD6 was detected in non-cultured control and after in vitro culture (MEM and 1 ng/ml BMP-6); while the expression of SMAD7 and SMAD8 mRNA was only detected after IVC, SMAD4 was only detected in the BMP-6 at 1 ng/ml treatment. In conclusion, the low BMP-6 concentration positively influenced antrum formation and ensured normal mRNA expression for BMP receptor and Smads after IVC of caprine secondary follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- V R Araújo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - G M Silva
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - A B G Duarte
- Medical School, Morphology Department, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - D M Magalhães-Padilha
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - A P Almeida
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Development, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - F O Lunardi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - M K B Serafim
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - A A A Moura
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - C C Campello
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - A P R Rodrigues
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - J R Figueiredo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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48
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Visser R, Bodnarova K, Arrabal PM, Cifuentes M, Becerra J. Combining bone morphogenetic proteins-2 and -6 has additive effects on osteoblastic differentiation in vitro and accelerates bone formation in vivo. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 104:178-85. [PMID: 26238281 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
While only two members of the bone morphogenetic protein subfamily (BMP-2 and -7) are approved to be used in combination with collagen type I in orthopaedic surgery, other BMPs are known to also be highly osteoinductive. Although all the osteogenic BMPs signal through Smad-1/-5/-8 phosphorylation, they show different preferences for the available BMP receptors. In this work we studied the effect of combining two osteogenic BMPs (-2 and -6), which belong to different groups within the subfamily and have different affinities to the existing BMP receptors. Both the growth and in vitro differentiation of MC3T3-E1 mouse preosteoblasts and rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were studied, as well as in vivo ectopic bone formation when the BMPs were intramuscularly implanted in rats with collagen type I sponges as carriers. The results show that these two growth factors have additive effects on the osteoblastic differentiation of cells in vitro and that their combination might be helpful to accelerate in vivo osteogenesis while reducing the amount of each individual BMP used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick Visser
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, University of Malaga, IBIMA, BIONAND, Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology, Malaga, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, (CIBER-BBN), Malaga, Spain
| | - Kristina Bodnarova
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynska Dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Pilar M Arrabal
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, University of Malaga, IBIMA, BIONAND, Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology, Malaga, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, (CIBER-BBN), Malaga, Spain
| | - Manuel Cifuentes
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, University of Malaga, IBIMA, BIONAND, Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology, Malaga, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, (CIBER-BBN), Malaga, Spain
| | - Jose Becerra
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, University of Malaga, IBIMA, BIONAND, Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology, Malaga, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, (CIBER-BBN), Malaga, Spain
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49
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Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), together with the eponymous transforming growth factor (TGF) β and the Activins form the TGFβ superfamily of ligands. This protein family comprises more than 30 structurally highly related proteins, which determine formation, maintenance, and regeneration of tissues and organs. Their importance for the development of multicellular organisms is evident from their existence in all vertebrates as well as nonvertebrate animals. From their highly specific functions in vivo either a strict relation between a particular ligand and its cognate cellular receptor and/or a stringent regulation to define a distinct temperospatial expression pattern for the various ligands and receptor is expected. However, only a limited number of receptors are found to serve a large number of ligands thus implicating highly promiscuous ligand-receptor interactions instead. Since in tissues a multitude of ligands are often found, which signal via a highly overlapping set of receptors, this raises the question how such promiscuous interactions between different ligands and their receptors can generate concerted and highly specific cellular signals required during embryonic development and tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Mueller
- Department Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute of the University Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
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50
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Jing J, Hinton RJ, Feng JQ. Bmpr1a Signaling in Cartilage Development and Endochondral Bone Formation. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2015; 99:273-91. [PMID: 26279380 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The type IA bone morphogenetic protein receptor (Bmpr1a), encoded by 11 exons and spanning about 40 kb on chromosome 14 in mice and chromosome 10 in human (Derynck & Feng, 1997; Mishina, Hanks, Miura, Tallquist, & Behringer, 2002), is an essential receptor for BMP signaling. This chapter focuses on the current understanding of the role of Bmpr1a in cartilage development and endochondral ossification, including formation of the mesenchymal condensation, chondrocyte differentiation and maturation, and endochondral bone development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Robert J Hinton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jian Q Feng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, USA.
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