1
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Stathatos GG, Merriner DJ, O'Connor AE, Zenker J, Dunleavy JE, O'Bryan MK. Epsilon tubulin is an essential determinant of microtubule-based structures in male germ cells. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:2722-2742. [PMID: 38773322 PMCID: PMC11169422 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00159-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Alpha, beta, and gamma tubulins are essential building blocks for all eukaryotic cells. The functions of the non-canonical tubulins, delta, epsilon, and zeta, however, remain poorly understood and their requirement in mammalian development untested. Herein we have used a spermatogenesis model to define epsilon tubulin (TUBE1) function in mice. We show that TUBE1 is essential for the function of multiple complex microtubule arrays, including the meiotic spindle, axoneme and manchette and in its absence, there is a dramatic loss of germ cells and male sterility. Moreover, we provide evidence for the interplay between TUBE1 and katanin-mediated microtubule severing, and for the sub-specialization of individual katanin paralogs in the regulation of specific microtubule arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gemma Stathatos
- School of BioSciences and Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - D Jo Merriner
- School of BioSciences and Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Anne E O'Connor
- School of BioSciences and Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Jennifer Zenker
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Jessica Em Dunleavy
- School of BioSciences and Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Moira K O'Bryan
- School of BioSciences and Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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2
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Yancheva D, Argirova M, Georgieva I, Milanova V, Guncheva M, Rangelov M, Todorova N, Tzoneva R. Antiproliferative and Pro-Apoptotic Activity and Tubulin Dynamics Modulation of 1 H-Benzimidazol-2-yl Hydrazones in Human Breast Cancer Cell Line MDA-MB-231. Molecules 2024; 29:2400. [PMID: 38792260 PMCID: PMC11123699 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The aim of the work is the evaluation of in vitro antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic activity of four benzimidazole derivatives containing colchicine-like and catechol-like moieties with methyl group substitution in the benzimidazole ring against highly invasive breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and their related impairment of tubulin dynamics. (2) Methods: The antiproliferative activity was assessed with the MTT assay. Alterations in tubulin polymerization were evaluated with an in vitro tubulin polymerization assay and a docking analysis. (3) Results: All derivatives showed time-dependent cytotoxicity with IC50 varying from 40 to 60 μM after 48 h and between 13 and 20 μM after 72 h. Immunofluorescent and DAPI staining revealed the pro-apoptotic potential of benzimidazole derivatives and their effect on tubulin dynamics in living cells. Compound 5d prevented tubulin aggregation and blocked mitosis, highlighting the importance of the methyl group and the colchicine-like fragment. (4) Conclusions: The benzimidazole derivatives demonstrated moderate cytotoxicity towards MDA-MB-231 by retarding the initial phase of tubulin polymerization. The derivative 5d containing a colchicine-like moiety and methyl group substitution in the benzimidazole ring showed potential as an antiproliferative agent and microtubule destabilizer by facilitating faster microtubule aggregation and disrupting cellular and nuclear integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denitsa Yancheva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St., Build. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.A.); (M.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Maria Argirova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St., Build. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.A.); (M.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Irina Georgieva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St., Build. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Vanya Milanova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St., Build. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Maya Guncheva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St., Build. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.A.); (M.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Miroslav Rangelov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St., Build. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.A.); (M.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Nadezhda Todorova
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Rumiana Tzoneva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St., Build. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.G.); (V.M.)
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3
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Abbaali I, Truong D, Day SD, Mushayeed F, Ganesh B, Haro-Ramirez N, Isles J, Nag H, Pham C, Shah P, Tomar I, Manel-Romero C, Morrissette NS. The tubulin database: Linking mutations, modifications, ligands and local interactions. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295279. [PMID: 38064432 PMCID: PMC10707541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are polymeric filaments, constructed of α-β tubulin heterodimers that underlie critical subcellular structures in eukaryotic organisms. Four homologous proteins (γ-, δ-, ε- and ζ-tubulin) additionally contribute to specialized microtubule functions. Although there is an immense volume of publicly available data pertaining to tubulins, it is difficult to assimilate all potentially relevant information across diverse organisms, isotypes, and categories of data. We previously assembled an extensive web-based catalogue of published missense mutations to tubulins with >1,500 entries that each document a specific substitution to a discrete tubulin, the species where the mutation was described and the associated phenotype with hyperlinks to the amino acid sequence and citation(s) for research. This report describes a significant update and expansion of our online resource (TubulinDB.bio.uci.edu) to nearly 18,000 entries. It now encompasses a cross-referenced catalog of post-translational modifications (PTMs) to tubulin drawn from public datasets, primary literature, and predictive algorithms. In addition, tubulin protein structures were used to define local interactions with bound ligands (GTP, GDP and diverse microtubule-targeting agents) and amino acids at the intradimer interface, within the microtubule lattice and with associated proteins. To effectively cross-reference these datasets, we established a universal tubulin numbering system to map entries into a common framework that accommodates specific insertions and deletions to tubulins. Indexing and cross-referencing permitted us to discern previously unappreciated patterns. We describe previously unlinked observations of loss of PTM sites in the context of cancer cells and tubulinopathies. Similarly, we expanded the set of clinical substitutions that may compromise MAP or microtubule-motor interactions by collecting tubulin missense mutations that alter amino acids at the interface with dynein and doublecortin. By expanding the database as a curated resource, we hope to relate model organism data to clinical findings of pathogenic tubulin variants. Ultimately, we aim to aid researchers in hypothesis generation and design of studies to dissect tubulin function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izra Abbaali
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Danny Truong
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Shania Deon Day
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Faliha Mushayeed
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Bhargavi Ganesh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Nancy Haro-Ramirez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Juliet Isles
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Hindol Nag
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Catherine Pham
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Priya Shah
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Ishaan Tomar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Carolina Manel-Romero
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Naomi S. Morrissette
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
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Telleria J, Tibayrenc M, Del Salto Mendoza M, Seveno M, Costales JA. Comparative proteomic analysis of Trypanosoma cruzi TcI lineage epimastigotes unveils metabolic and phenotypic differences between fast- and slow-dividing strains. Exp Parasitol 2023; 252:108576. [PMID: 37429537 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, is a genetically and phenotypically diverse species, divided into 5 main phylogenetic lineages (TcI to TcVI). TcI is the most widespread lineage in the Americas. Proteomics is a suitable tool to study the global protein expression dynamics in pathogens. Previous proteomic studies have revealed a link between (i) the genetic variability; (ii) the protein expression; and (iii) the biological characteristics of T. cruzi. Here, two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) and mass spectrometry were used to characterize the overall protein expression profiles of epimastigotes from four distinct TcI strains displaying different growth kinetics. Ascending hierarchical clustering analysis based on the global 2DE protein expression profiles grouped the strains under study into two clusters that were congruent with their fast or slow growth kinetics. A subset of proteins differentially expressed by the strains in each group were identified by mass spectrometry. Biological differences between the two groups, including use of glucose as an energy source, flagellum length, and metabolic activity, were predicted by proteomic analysis and confirmed by metabolic tests and microscopic measurements performed on the epimastigotes of each strain. Our results show that protein expression profiles are correlated with parasite phenotypes, which may in turn influence the parasite's virulence and transmission capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Telleria
- Institut de recherche pour le développement, La recherche agronomique pour le développement, 34398, Montpellier, Cedex 05, France
| | - Michel Tibayrenc
- Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/UM1-UM2, 34394, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Michelle Del Salto Mendoza
- Centro de Investigación para la Salud en América Latina, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Martial Seveno
- BCM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jaime A Costales
- Centro de Investigación para la Salud en América Latina, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.
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5
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Mohamed SM, Abou-Ghadir OMF, El-Mokhtar MA, Aboraia AS, Abdel Aal ABM. Fatty Acid Conjugated Chalcones as Tubulin Polymerization Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, QSAR, and Apoptotic and Antiproliferative Activity. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:1150-1158. [PMID: 37098901 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is often associated with an aberrant increase in tubulin and microtubule activity required for cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. A new series of fatty acid conjugated chalcones have been designed as tubulin polymerization inhibitors and anticancer candidates. These conjugates were designed to harness the beneficial physicochemical properties, ease of synthesis, and tubulin inhibitory activity of two classes of natural components. New lipidated chalcones were synthesized from 4-aminoacetophenone via N-acylation followed by condensation with different aromatic aldehydes. All new compounds showed strong inhibition of tubulin polymerization and antiproliferative activity against breast and lung cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and A549) at low or sub-micromolar concentrations. A significant apoptotic effect was shown using a flow cytometry assay that corresponded to cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines, as indicated by a 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. Decanoic acid conjugates were more potent than longer lipid analogues, with the most active being more potent than the reference tubulin inhibitor, combretastatin-A4 and the anticancer drug, doxorubicin. None of the newly synthesized compounds caused any detectable cytotoxicity against the normal cell line (Wi-38) or hemolysis of red blood cells below 100 μM. It is unlikely that the new conjugates described would affect normal cells or interrupt with cell membranes due to their lipidic nature. A quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis was performed to determine the influence of 315 descriptors of the physicochemical properties of the new conjugates on their tubulin inhibitory activity. The obtained model revealed a strong correlation between the tubulin inhibitory activity of the investigated compounds and their dipole moment and degree of reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia M Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Ola M Fahmy Abou-Ghadir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El-Mokhtar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Aboraia
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Abu-Baker M Abdel Aal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim 35900, Perak, Malaysia
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6
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Atkins M, Nicol X, Fassier C. Microtubule remodelling as a driving force of axon guidance and pruning. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 140:35-53. [PMID: 35710759 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of neuronal connectivity relies on the microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton, which provides mechanical support, roads for axonal transport and mediates signalling events. Fine-tuned spatiotemporal regulation of MT functions by tubulin post-translational modifications and MT-associated proteins is critical for the coarse wiring and subsequent refinement of neuronal connectivity. The defective regulation of these processes causes a wide range of neurodevelopmental disorders associated with connectivity defects. This review focuses on recent studies unravelling how MT composition, post-translational modifications and associated proteins influence MT functions in axon guidance and/or pruning to build functional neuronal circuits. We here summarise experimental evidence supporting the key role of this network as a driving force for growth cone steering and branch-specific axon elimination. We further provide a global overview of the MT-interactors that tune developing axon behaviours, with a special emphasis on their emerging versatility in the regulation of MT dynamics/structure. Recent studies establishing the key and highly selective role of the tubulin code in the regulation of MT functions in axon pathfinding are also reported. Finally, our review highlights the emerging molecular links between these MT regulation processes and guidance signals that wire the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody Atkins
- INSERM, UMR-S 1270, Institut du Fer à Moulin, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Xavier Nicol
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Coralie Fassier
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, F-75012 Paris, France.
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7
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Morrissette N, Abbaali I, Ramakrishnan C, Hehl AB. The Tubulin Superfamily in Apicomplexan Parasites. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030706. [PMID: 36985278 PMCID: PMC10056924 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubules and specialized microtubule-containing structures are assembled from tubulins, an ancient superfamily of essential eukaryotic proteins. Here, we use bioinformatic approaches to analyze features of tubulins in organisms from the phylum Apicomplexa. Apicomplexans are protozoan parasites that cause a variety of human and animal infectious diseases. Individual species harbor one to four genes each for α- and β-tubulin isotypes. These may specify highly similar proteins, suggesting functional redundancy, or exhibit key differences, consistent with specialized roles. Some, but not all apicomplexans harbor genes for δ- and ε-tubulins, which are found in organisms that construct appendage-containing basal bodies. Critical roles for apicomplexan δ- and ε-tubulin are likely to be limited to microgametes, consistent with a restricted requirement for flagella in a single developmental stage. Sequence divergence or the loss of δ- and ε-tubulin genes in other apicomplexans appears to be associated with diminished requirements for centrioles, basal bodies, and axonemes. Finally, because spindle microtubules and flagellar structures have been proposed as targets for anti-parasitic therapies and transmission-blocking strategies, we discuss these ideas in the context of tubulin-based structures and tubulin superfamily properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Morrissette
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-949-824-9243
| | - Izra Abbaali
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Chandra Ramakrishnan
- Institute for Parasitology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Adrian B. Hehl
- Institute for Parasitology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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8
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de Souza Rabello VB, Corrêa-Moreira D, Santos C, Abreu Pinto TC, Procopio-Azevedo AC, Boechat J, Coelho RA, Almeida-Paes R, Costa G, Lima N, Zancopé-Oliveira RM, Marques Evangelista Oliveira M. Preservation Methods in Isolates of Sporothrix Characterized by Polyphasic Approach. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 9:jof9010034. [PMID: 36675855 PMCID: PMC9865284 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis with worldwide distribution and caused by eight pathogenic species of the Sporothrix genus. Different ex situ preservation methods are used around the world to maintain the survival, morphophysiological and genetic traits of fungal strains isolated from patients with sporotrichosis for long terms. The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the survival, phenotypic and genotypic stability of Sporothrix strains after preservation on PDA slant stored at 4 °C, sterile water and cryopreservation at -80 °C, for a period of time of 6, 12, 18 and 24 months of storage. Eight clinical Sporothrix isolates were identified based on a polyphasic approach consisting of classical macro- and micro-morphological traits, biochemical assays, proteomic profiles by MALDI-TOF MS and molecular biology. According to the final identification, one strain was identified as S. schenckii (CMRVS 40428) and seven strains were re-identified as S. brasiliensis (CMRVS 40421, CMRVS 40423, CMRVS 40424, CMRVS 40425, CMRVS 40426, CMRVS 40427 and CMRVS 40433). In addition, it was observed that the isolates survived after the different time points of storage in distilled water, PDA slant and cryopreservation at -80 °C. For fungi preserved in water, low polymorphisms were detected by the partial sequencing of β-tubulin. Cryopreservation at -80 °C induced morphological changes in one single isolate. The proteomic profiles obtained by MALDI-TOF MS after preservation showed differences among the methods. In conclusion, preservation on agar slant stored at 4 °C was the most effective method to preserve the eight clinical Sporothrix strains. This method produced less change in the phenotypic traits and kept the genetic integrity of all strains. Agar slant stored at 4 °C is a simple and inexpensive method and can be especially used in culture collections of limited funding and resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Brito de Souza Rabello
- Laboratory of Mycology, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fiocruz. Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Danielly Corrêa-Moreira
- Postdoctoral in Clinical Research in Infectious Diseases, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
- Taxonomy, Biochemistry and Bioprospecting of Fungi, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Cledir Santos
- Department of Chemistry Science and Natural Resources, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811-230, Chile
- Correspondence:
| | - Tatiana Casto Abreu Pinto
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Anna Carolina Procopio-Azevedo
- Laboratory of Mycology, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fiocruz. Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Boechat
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fiocruz. Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Rowena Alves Coelho
- Laboratory of Mycology, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fiocruz. Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Almeida-Paes
- Laboratory of Mycology, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fiocruz. Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Gisela Costa
- Taxonomy, Biochemistry and Bioprospecting of Fungi, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Nelson Lima
- CEB-Biological Engineering Centre, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS (Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Rosely Maria Zancopé-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Mycology, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fiocruz. Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Manoel Marques Evangelista Oliveira
- Taxonomy, Biochemistry and Bioprospecting of Fungi, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
- Platform for Science, Technology and Innovation in Health-PICTIS, Fiocruz. Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
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9
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Immunohistochemical Changes in the Testicular Excurrent Duct System of Healthy, Male Japanese Quail ( Coturnix coturnix japonica) Observed at 4, 6-7, 12, and 52 Weeks of Age. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214028. [PMID: 36430504 PMCID: PMC9694578 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunolocalization of the cytoskeletal and the extracellular matrix proteins was investigated in the testicular excurrent duct system of healthy Japanese quail at 4, 6−7, 12 and 52 weeks of age. TdT dUTP Nick End Labeling (TUNEL) assay was used to assess apoptotic cell formation. The epithelia of the testicular excurrent duct system in birds of all age groups displayed various immunolabeling intensities and localization of cytokeratin 5 and beta-tubulin, while α-SMA was observed in epithelia only of 4-week-old birds. In all age groups, vimentin immunostaining was observed in the rete testes and efferent ductular epithelia, but not in the epididymal duct unit. The periductal smooth muscle cells of the excurrent duct system displayed variably intense immunopositivity with cytokeratin 5, desmin, fibronectin, α-SMA, and beta-tubulin. Furthermore, beta-tubulin and vimentin immunolabeled endothelial cells and fibroblasts with various intensities, while fibronectin immunostained extracellular matrices surrounding these cells. TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells were observed in the rete testes and efferent ductular epithelia, with increased frequency (p < 0.001) in 52-week-old birds. The study serves as a baseline normal for this region in healthy birds at 4, 6−7, 12, and 52 weeks of age, for comparison in future similar immunohistochemical studies involving environmental toxins affecting this region.
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Xu J, Elshazly AM, Gewirtz DA. The Cytoprotective, Cytotoxic and Nonprotective Functional Forms of Autophagy Induced by Microtubule Poisons in Tumor Cells—Implications for Autophagy Modulation as a Therapeutic Strategy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071632. [PMID: 35884937 PMCID: PMC9312878 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule poisons, as is the case with other antitumor drugs, routinely promote autophagy in tumor cells. However, the nature and function of the autophagy, in terms of whether it is cytoprotective, cytotoxic or nonprotective, cannot be predicted; this likely depends on both the type of drug studied as well as the tumor cell under investigation. In this article, we explore the literature relating to the spectrum of microtubule poisons and the nature of the autophagy induced. We further speculate as to whether autophagy inhibition could be a practical strategy for improving the response to cancer therapy involving these drugs that have microtubule function as a primary target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Ahmed M. Elshazly
- Massey Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 College St., Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - David A. Gewirtz
- Massey Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 College St., Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Kumari G, Jain R, Kumar Sah R, Kalia I, Vashistha M, Singh P, Prasad Singh A, Samby K, Burrows J, Singh S. Multistage and transmission-blocking tubulin targeting potent antimalarial discovered from the open access MMV pathogen box. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 203:115154. [PMID: 35798201 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of resistance to current antimalarial therapies remains a significant source of concern. To address this risk,newdrugswithnoveltargetsin distinct developmental stages ofPlasmodiumparasites are required. In the current study,we have targetedP. falciparumTubulin(PfTubulin)proteins which represent some of thepotentialdrug targetsfor malaria chemotherapy. PlasmodialMicrotubules (MTs) play a crucial role during parasite proliferation, growth, and transmission, which render them highlydesirabletargets for the development ofnext-generation chemotherapeutics. Towards this,we have evaluated the antimalarial activity ofTubulintargetingcompounds received from theMedicines for Malaria Venture (MMV)"Pathogen Box"against the human malaria parasite,P. falciparumincluding 3D7 (chloroquine and artemisinin sensitive strain), RKL-9 (chloroquine-resistant strain), and R539T (artemisinin-resistant strain). At nanomolar concentrations, the filtered-out compounds exhibitedpronouncedmultistage antimalarialeffects across the parasite life cycle, including intra-erythrocytic blood stages, liver stage parasites, gametocytes, and ookinetes. Concomitantly, these compoundswere found toimpedemale gamete ex-flagellation, thus showingtheir transmission-blocking potential. Target mining of these potent compounds, by combining in silico, biochemical and biophysical assays,implicatedPfTubulinas their moleculartarget, which may possibly act bydisruptingMT assembly dynamics by binding at the interface of α-βTubulin-dimer.Further, the promising ADME profile of the parent scaffold supported its consideration as a lead compound for further development.Thus, our work highlights the potential of targetingPfTubulin proteins in discovering and developing next-generation, multistage antimalarial agents against Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) malaria parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Kumari
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ravi Jain
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Raj Kumar Sah
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | | | - Manu Vashistha
- Advanced Instrumentation Research Facility, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Pooja Singh
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110067, India
| | | | | | | | - Shailja Singh
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
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12
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Lorenzo-Benito S, Rivera-Rivas LA, Sánchez-Ayala L, Ortega-López J, Montes-Flores O, Talamás-Lara D, Arroyo R. Omics Analyses of Trichomonas vaginalis Actin and Tubulin and Their Participation in Intercellular Interactions and Cytokinesis. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13061067. [PMID: 35741829 PMCID: PMC9222396 DOI: 10.3390/genes13061067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin and tubulin proteins from Trichomonas vaginalis are crucial for morphogenesis and mitosis. This parasite has 10 and 11 genes coding bonafide actin and tubulin proteins, respectively. Hence, the goal of this work was to analyze these actin and tubulin genes, their expression at the mRNA and protein levels, and their parasite localization in intercellular interaction and cytokinesis. Representative bonafide actin (tvact1) and tubulin (tvtubα1) genes were cloned into and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant proteins TvACT1r and TvTUBα1r were affinity purified and used as antigens to produce polyclonal antibodies. These antibodies were used in 1DE and 2DE WB and indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFA). By IFA, actin was detected as a ring on the periphery of ameboid, ovoid, and cold-induced cyst-like parasites, on pseudopods of amoeboid parasites, and in cytoplasmic extensions (filopodia) in cell–cell interactions. Tubulin was detected in the axostyle, flagellum, undulating membrane, and paradesmose during mitosis. Paradesmose was observed by IFA mainly during cytokinesis. By scanning electron microscopy, a tubulin-containing nanotubular structure similar to the tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) was also detected in the last stage of cytokinesis. In conclusion, actin and tubulin are multigene families differentially expressed that play important roles in intercellular interactions and cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Lorenzo-Benito
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. IPN #2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City CP 07360, Mexico; (S.L.-B.); (L.A.R.-R.); (L.S.-A.); (D.T.-L.)
| | - Luis Alberto Rivera-Rivas
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. IPN #2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City CP 07360, Mexico; (S.L.-B.); (L.A.R.-R.); (L.S.-A.); (D.T.-L.)
| | - Lizbeth Sánchez-Ayala
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. IPN #2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City CP 07360, Mexico; (S.L.-B.); (L.A.R.-R.); (L.S.-A.); (D.T.-L.)
| | - Jaime Ortega-López
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, CINVESTAV-IPN. Av. IPN #2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City CP 07360, Mexico; (J.O.-L.); (O.M.-F.)
| | - Octavio Montes-Flores
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, CINVESTAV-IPN. Av. IPN #2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City CP 07360, Mexico; (J.O.-L.); (O.M.-F.)
| | - Daniel Talamás-Lara
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. IPN #2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City CP 07360, Mexico; (S.L.-B.); (L.A.R.-R.); (L.S.-A.); (D.T.-L.)
| | - Rossana Arroyo
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. IPN #2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City CP 07360, Mexico; (S.L.-B.); (L.A.R.-R.); (L.S.-A.); (D.T.-L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-5747-3342
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Investigations on Fungi Isolated from Apple Trees with Die-Back Symptoms from Basilicata Region (Southern Italy). PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11101374. [PMID: 35631798 PMCID: PMC9147037 DOI: 10.3390/plants11101374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Val d’Agri is an important orchard area located in the Basilicata Region (Southern Italy). A phenomenon affecting cv. “Golden Delicious” apples which lead to tree death has been observed in the past several years in this area. This phenomenon has already been detected in about 20 hectares and is rapidly expanding. The symptoms observed were “scaly bark” and extensive cankers, mainly located in the lower part of the trunk, associated with wood decay. Dead plants ranged from 20% to 80% and, in many cases, trees were removed by farmers. In order to identify the causes of this phenomenon, investigations were started in autumn/winter 2019. In order to determine the possible causal agents, fungal and bacterial isolations, from symptomatic tissues, were performed in laboratory. Bacterial isolations gave negative results, whereas pure fungal cultures (PFCs) were obtained after 3–4 passages on potato dextrose agar (PDA) media. Genetic material was extracted from each PFC and amplified by PCR using three pairs of primers: ITS5/4, Bt2a/Bt2b and ACT-512F/ACT-783R. The amplicons were directly sequenced, and nucleotide sequences were compared with those already present in the NCBI GenBank nucleotide database. All isolated fungi were identified based on morphological features and multilocus molecular analyses. Neofusicoccum parvum, Diaporthe eres and Trametes versicolor were most frequently isolated, while Pestalotiopsis funerea, Phomopsis spp. and Diaporthe foeniculina were less frequently isolated. All nucleotide sequences obtained in this study have been deposited into the EMBL database. Pathogenicity tests showed that N. parvum was the most pathogenic and aggressive fungus, while Phomopsis sp. was demonstrated to be the less virulent one. All the investigated fungi were repeatedly reisolated from artificially inoculated twigs of 2-year-old apple trees, cv. “Golden Delicious”, and subsequently morphologically and molecularly identified. The role played by the above-mentioned fungi in the alterations observed in field is also discussed.
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Alesci A, Pergolizzi S, Capillo G, Lo Cascio P, Lauriano ER. Rodlet cells in kidney of goldfish (Carassius auratus, Linnaeus 1758): A light and confocal microscopy study. Acta Histochem 2022; 124:151876. [PMID: 35303512 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Rodlet cells (RCs) have always been an enigma for scientists. RCs have been given a variety of activities over the years, including ion transport, osmoregulation, and sensory function. These cells, presumably as members of the granulocyte line, are present only in teleosts and play a role in the innate immune response. RCs are migratory cells found in a variety of organs, including skin, vascular, digestive, uropoietic, reproductive, and respiratory systems, and present distinct physical properties that make them easily recognizable in tissues and organs. The development of RCs can be divided into four stages: granular, transitional, mature, and ruptured, having different morphological characteristics. Our study aims to characterize the different stages of these cells by histomorphological and histochemical techniques. Furthermore, we characterized these cells at all stages with peroxidase and fluorescence immunohistochemical techniques using different antibodies: S100, tubulin, α-SMA, piscidin, and for the first time TLR-2. From our results, the immunoreactivity of these cells to the antibodies performed may confirm that RCs play a role in fish defense mechanisms, helping to expand the state of the art on immunology and immune cells of teleosts.
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Discovery of novel microtubule stabilizers targeting taxane binding site by applying molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and anticancer activity testing. Bioorg Chem 2022; 122:105722. [PMID: 35303622 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of the dynamic equilibrium of microtubules can induce cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase and apoptosis. Hence, discovery of novel tubulin polymerization inhibitors is very necessary and an important task in drug research and development for treatment of various tumors. In this investigation, 50 compounds were screened as microtubule stabilizers targeting the taxane site by combination of molecular docking methods. Among these hits, hits 19 and 38 with novel scaffolds exhibited the highest anti-proliferative activity with IC50 ranging from 9.50 to 13.81 μM in four cancer cell lines. The molecular dynamics simulations confirmed that tubulin and two hits could form stable systems. Meanwhile, the mechanism of the interactions between tubulin and two hits at simulated physiological conditions were probed. The in vitro tubulin polymerization assay revealed hits 19 and 38 were able to promote tubulin polymerization in a dose-dependent manner. Further, the immunofluorescence assay suggested that hits 19 and 38 could accelerate microtubule assembly in A549 and HeLa cells. Finally, studies on antitumor activity indicated that hits 19 and 38 induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and inhibited cancer cell motility and migration in A549 and HeLa cells. Importantly, hit38 exhibited better anti-tubulin and anti-cancer activity than hit19 in A549 and HeLa cells. Therefore, these results suggest that hit38 represents a promising microtubule stabilizer for treating cancer and deserves further investigation.
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Khabudaev KV, Petrova DP, Bedoshvili YD, Likhoshway YV, Grachev MA. Molecular Evolution of Tubulins in Diatoms. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:618. [PMID: 35054799 PMCID: PMC8776100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are formed by α- and β-tubulin heterodimers nucleated with γ-tubulin. Tubulins are conserved eukaryotic proteins. Previously, it was shown that microtubules are involved in diatom silica frustule morphogenesis. Diatom frustules are varied, and their morphology is species-specific. Despite the attractiveness of the problem of elucidating the molecular mechanisms of genetically programmed morphogenesis, the structure and evolution of diatom tubulins have not been studied previously. Based on available genomic and transcriptome data, we analyzed the phylogeny of the predicted amino acid sequences of diatom α-, β- and γ-tubulins and identified five groups for α-tubulins, six for β-tubulins and four for γ-tubulins. We identified characteristic amino acids of each of these groups and also analyzed possible posttranslational modification sites of diatom tubulins. According to our results, we assumed what changes occurred in the diatom tubulin structures during their evolution. We also identified which tubulin groups are inherent in large diatom taxa. The similarity between the evolution of diatom tubulins and the evolution of diatoms suggests that molecular changes in α-, β- and γ-tubulins could be one of the factors in the formation of a high morphological diversity of diatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yekaterina D. Bedoshvili
- Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia; (K.V.K.); (D.P.P.); (Y.V.L.); (M.A.G.)
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17
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Agwunobi DO, Wang T, Zhang M, Wang T, Jia Q, Zhang M, Shi X, Yu Z, Liu J. Functional implication of heat shock protein 70/90 and tubulin in cold stress of Dermacentor silvarum. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:542. [PMID: 34666804 PMCID: PMC8527796 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-05056-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The tick Dermacentor silvarum Olenev (Acari: Ixodidae) is a vital vector tick species mainly distributed in the north of China and overwinters in the unfed adult stage. The knowledge of the mechanism that underlies its molecular adaptation against cold is limited. In the present study, genes of hsp70 and hsp90 cDNA, named Dshsp70 and Dshsp90, and tubulin were cloned and characterized from D. silvarum, and their functions in cold stress were further evaluated. Methods The genome of the heat shock proteins and tubulin of D. silvarum were sequenced and analyzed using bioinformatics methods. Each group of 20 ticks were injected in triplicate with Dshsp90-, Dshsp70-, and tubulin-derived dsRNA, whereas the control group was injected with GFP dsRNA. Then, the total RNA was extracted and cDNA was synthesized and subjected to RT-qPCR. After the confirmation of knockdown, the ticks were incubated for 24 h and were exposed to − 20 °C lethal temperature (LT50), and then the mortality was calculated. Results Results indicated that Dshsp70 and Dshsp90 contained an open reading frame of 345 and 2190 nucleotides that encoded 114 and 729 amino acid residues, respectively. The transcript Dshsp70 showed 90% similarity with that identified from Dermacentor variabilis, whereas Dshsp90 showed 85% similarity with that identified from Ixodes scapularis. Multiple sequence alignment indicates that the deduced amino acid sequences of D. silvarum Hsp90, Hsp70, and tubulin show very high sequence identity to their corresponding sequences in other species. Hsp90 and Hsp70 display highly conserved and signature amino acid sequences with well-conserved MEEVD motif at the C-terminal in Hsp90 and a variable C-terminal region with a V/IEEVD-motif in Hsp70 that bind to numerous co-chaperones. RNA interference revealed that the mortality of D. silvarum was significantly increased after injection of dsRNA of Dshsp70 (P = 0.0298) and tubulin (P = 0.0448), whereas no significant increases were observed after the interference of Dshsp90 (P = 0.0709). Conclusions The above results suggested that Dshsp70 and tubulin play an essential role in the low-temperature adaptation of ticks. The results of this study can contribute to the understanding of the survival and acclimatization of overwintering ticks. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-021-05056-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desmond O Agwunobi
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Tongxuan Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Tianhong Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Qingying Jia
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Xinyue Shi
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Zhijun Yu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
| | - Jingze Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
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Albahde MAH, Abdrakhimov B, Li GQ, Zhou X, Zhou D, Xu H, Qian H, Wang W. The Role of Microtubules in Pancreatic Cancer: Therapeutic Progress. Front Oncol 2021; 11:640863. [PMID: 34094924 PMCID: PMC8176010 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.640863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has an extremely low prognosis, which is attributable to its high aggressiveness, invasiveness, late diagnosis, and lack of effective therapies. Among all the drugs joining the fight against this type of cancer, microtubule-targeting agents are considered to be the most promising. They inhibit cancer cells although through different mechanisms such as blocking cell division, apoptosis induction, etc. Hereby, we review the functions of microtubule cytoskeletal proteins in tumor cells and comprehensively examine the effects of microtubule-targeting agents on pancreatic carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mugahed Abdullah Hasan Albahde
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Clinical Medicine Innovation Center of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bulat Abdrakhimov
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guo-Qi Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohu Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongkai Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huixiao Qian
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Clinical Medicine Innovation Center of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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Huang M, Wang Y. GLOBAL AND TARGETED PROFILING OF GTP-BINDING PROTEINS IN BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES BY MASS SPECTROMETRY. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2021; 40:215-235. [PMID: 32519381 PMCID: PMC7725852 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
GTP-binding proteins are among the most important enzyme families that are involved in a plethora of biological processes. However, owing to the enormous diversity of the nucleotide-binding protein family, comprehensive analyses of the expression level, structure, activity, and regulatory mechanisms of GTP-binding proteins remain challenging with the use of conventional approaches. The many advances in mass spectrometry (MS) instrumentation and data acquisition methods, together with a variety of enrichment approaches in sample preparation, render MS a powerful tool for the comprehensive characterizations of the activities and expression levels of various GTP-binding proteins. We review herein the recent developments in the application of MS-based techniques, together with general and widely used affinity enrichment approaches, for the proteome-wide and targeted capture, identification, and quantification of GTP-binding proteins. The working principles, advantages, and limitations of various strategies for profiling the expression level, activity, posttranslational modifications, and interactome of GTP-binding proteins are discussed. It can be envisaged that future applications of MS-based proteomics will lead to a better understanding about the roles of GTP-binding proteins in different biological processes and human diseases. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Mass Spec Rev.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Huang
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Yinsheng Wang
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Correspondence author: Yinsheng Wang. Telephone: (951)827-2700;
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20
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Stathatos GG, Dunleavy JEM, Zenker J, O'Bryan MK. Delta and epsilon tubulin in mammalian development. Trends Cell Biol 2021; 31:774-787. [PMID: 33867233 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Delta (δ-) and epsilon (ε-) tubulin are lesser-known cousins of alpha (α-) and beta (β-) tubulin. They are likely to regulate centriole function in a broad range of species; however, their in vivo role and mechanism of action in mammals remain mysterious. In unicellular species and mammalian cell lines, mutations in δ- and ε-tubulin cause centriole destabilization and atypical mitosis and, in the most severe cases, cell death. Beyond the centriole, δ- and ε-tubulin localize to the manchette during murine spermatogenesis and interact with katanin-like 2 (KATNAL2), a protein with microtubule (MT)-severing properties, indicative of novel non-centriolar functions. Herein we summarize the current knowledge surrounding δ- and ε-tubulin, identify pathways for future research, and highlight how and why spermatogenesis and embryogenesis are ideal systems to define δ- and ε-tubulin function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gemma Stathatos
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Jessica E M Dunleavy
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Jennifer Zenker
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Moira K O'Bryan
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
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Abstract
Members of the tubulin superfamily are GTPases; the activities of GTPases are necessary for life. The members of the tubulin superfamily are the constituents of the microtubules and the γ-tubulin meshwork. Mutations in members of the tubulin superfamily are involved in developmental brain disorders, and tubulin activities are the target for various chemotherapies. The intricate functions (game) of tubulins depend on the activities of the GTP-binding domain of α-, β-, and γ-tubulin. This review compares the GTP-binding domains of γ-tubulin, α-tubulin, and β-tubulin and, based on their similarities, recapitulates the known functions and the impact of the γ-tubulin GTP-binding domain in the regulation of the γ-tubulin meshwork and cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alvarado Kristensson
- Molecular Pathology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 20502 Malmö, Sweden
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Zhou Z, Duan Y, Zhang J, Lu F, Zhu Y, Shim WB, Zhou M. Microtubule-assisted mechanism for toxisome assembly in Fusarium graminearum. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2021; 22:163-174. [PMID: 33201575 PMCID: PMC7814972 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In Fusarium graminearum, a trichothecene biosynthetic complex known as the toxisome forms ovoid and spherical structures in the remodelled endoplasmic reticulum (ER) under mycotoxin-inducing conditions. Previous studies also demonstrated that disruption of actin and tubulin results in a significant decrease in deoxynivalenol (DON) biosynthesis in F. graminearum. However, the functional association between the toxisome and microtubule components has not been clearly defined. In this study we tested the hypothesis that the microtubule network provides key support for toxisome assembly and thus facilitates DON biosynthesis. Through fluorescent live cell imaging, knockout mutant generation, and protein-protein interaction assays, we determined that two of the four F. graminearum tubulins, α1 and β2 tubulins, are indispensable for DON production. We also showed that these two tubulins are directly associated. When the α1 -β2 tubulin heterodimer is disrupted, the metabolic activity of the toxisome is significantly suppressed, which leads to significant DON biosynthesis impairment. Similar phenotypic outcomes were shown when F. graminearum wild type was treated with carbendazim, a fungicide that binds to microtubules and disrupts spindle formation. Based on our results, we propose a model where α1 -β2 tubulin heterodimer serves as the scaffold for functional toxisome assembly in F. graminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Zhou
- College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yabing Duan
- College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
- The Key Laboratory of Plant ImmunityNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Fei Lu
- College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yuanye Zhu
- College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Won Bo Shim
- Department of Plant Pathology and MicrobiologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | - Mingguo Zhou
- College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
- The Key Laboratory of Plant ImmunityNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
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Zhu T, Wang SH, Li D, Wang SY, Liu X, Song J, Wang YT, Zhang SY. Progress of tubulin polymerization activity detection methods. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 37:127698. [PMID: 33468346 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tubulin, an important target in tumor therapy, is one of the hotspots in the field of antineoplastic drugs in recent years, and it is of great significance to design and screen new inhibitors for this target. Natural products and chemical synthetic drugs are the main sources of tubulin inhibitors. However, due to the variety of compound structure types, it has always been difficult for researchers to screen out polymerization inhibitors with simple operation, high efficiency and low cost. A large number of articles have reported the screening methods of tubulin inhibitors and their biological activity. In this article, the biological activity detection methods of tubulin polymerization inhibitors are reviewed. Thus, it provides a theoretical basis for the further study of tubulin polymerization inhibitors and the selection of methods for tubulin inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Sheng-Hui Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Dong Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shu-Yu Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jian Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Ya-Ting Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Sai-Yang Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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24
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Kode J, Kovvuri J, Nagaraju B, Jadhav S, Barkume M, Sen S, Kasinathan NK, Chaudhari P, Mohanty BS, Gour J, Sigalapalli DK, Ganesh Kumar C, Pradhan T, Banerjee M, Kamal A. Synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular docking analysis of phenstatin based indole linked chalcones as anticancer agents and tubulin polymerization inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2020; 105:104447. [PMID: 33207276 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A library of new phenstatin based indole linked chalcone compounds (9a-z and 9aa-ad) were designed and synthesized. Of these, compound 9a with 1-methyl, 2- and 3-methoxy substituents in the aromatic ring was efficacious against the human oral cancer cell line SCC-29B, spheroids, and in a mouse xenograft model of oral cancer AW13516. Compound 9a exhibited anti-cancer activity through disrupting cellular integrity and affecting glucose metabolism-which is a hallmark of cancer. The cellular architecture was affected by inhibition of tubulin polymerization as observed by an immunofluorescence assay on 9a-treated SCC-29B cells. An in vitro tubulin polymerization kinetics assay provided evidence of direct interaction of 9a with tubulin. This physical interaction between tubulin and compound 9a was further confirmed by Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) analysis. Molecular docking experiments and validations revealed that compound 9a interacts and binds at the colchicine binding site of tubulin and at active sites of key enzymes in the glucose metabolism pathway. Based on in silico modeling, biophysical interactions, and pre-clinical observations, 9a consisting of phenstatin based indole-chalcone scaffolds, can be considered as an attractive tubulin polymerization inhibitor candidate for developing anti-cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Kode
- Anti-Cancer Drug Screening Facility (ACDSF), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Tumor Immunology & Immunotherapy Group, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India.
| | - Jeshma Kovvuri
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110025, India; Department of Humanities and Sciences, Vardhaman College of Engineering (Autonomous), Shamshabad, Hyderabad, Telangana 501218, India.
| | - Burri Nagaraju
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110025, India.
| | - Shailesh Jadhav
- Anti-Cancer Drug Screening Facility (ACDSF), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India.
| | - Madan Barkume
- Anti-Cancer Drug Screening Facility (ACDSF), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India.
| | - Subrata Sen
- Anti-Cancer Drug Screening Facility (ACDSF), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India.
| | - Nirmal Kumar Kasinathan
- Anti-Cancer Drug Screening Facility (ACDSF), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India.
| | - Pradip Chaudhari
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India; Small Animal Imaging Facility, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India.
| | - Bhabani Shankar Mohanty
- Small Animal Imaging Facility, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India.
| | - Jitendra Gour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India.
| | - Dilep Kumar Sigalapalli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India.
| | - C Ganesh Kumar
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110025, India.
| | - Trupti Pradhan
- Tumor Immunology & Immunotherapy Group, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India.
| | - Manisha Banerjee
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India; Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India.
| | - Ahmed Kamal
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110025, India; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India; School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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25
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Bally JF, Camargos S, Oliveira Dos Santos C, Kern DS, Lee T, Pereira da Silva-Junior F, Puga RD, Cardoso F, Barbosa ER, Yadav R, Ozelius LJ, de Carvalho Aguiar P, Lang AE. DYT-TUBB4A (DYT4 Dystonia): New Clinical and Genetic Observations. Neurology 2020; 96:e1887-e1897. [PMID: 32943487 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000010882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report 4 novel TUBB4A mutations leading to laryngeal and cervical dystonia with frequent generalization. METHODS We screened 4 families including a total of 11 definitely affected members with a clinical picture resembling the original description. RESULTS Four novel variants in the TUBB4A gene have been identified: D295N, R46M, Q424H, and R121W. In silico modeling showed that all variants have characteristics similar to R2G. The variants segregate with the disease in 3 of the families with evidence of incomplete penetrance in 2 of them. All 4 variants would be classified as likely pathogenic. The clinical picture particularly included laryngeal dystonia (often the site of onset), associated with cervical and upper limb dystonia and frequent generalization. Laryngeal dystonia was extremely prevalent (>90%) both in the original cases and in this case series. The hobby horse gait was evident in only 1 patient in this case series. CONCLUSIONS Our interpretation is that laryngeal involvement is a hallmark feature of DYT-TUBB4A. Nevertheless, TUBB4A mutations remain an exceedingly rare cause of laryngeal or other isolated dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien F Bally
- From the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic (J.F.B., A.E.L.), Toronto Western Hospital and University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (J.F.B.), University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (S.C., F.C.), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (C.O.d.S., R.D.P., P.d.C.A.), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Departments of Neurology (D.S.K., T.L.) and Neurosurgery (D.S.K.), University of Colorado School of Medicine; Aurora; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (F.P.d.S.-J., E.R.B., P.d.C.A.), Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; and Department of Neurology (R.Y., L.J.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Dr. Bally is currently at Service of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Camargos
- From the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic (J.F.B., A.E.L.), Toronto Western Hospital and University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (J.F.B.), University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (S.C., F.C.), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (C.O.d.S., R.D.P., P.d.C.A.), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Departments of Neurology (D.S.K., T.L.) and Neurosurgery (D.S.K.), University of Colorado School of Medicine; Aurora; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (F.P.d.S.-J., E.R.B., P.d.C.A.), Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; and Department of Neurology (R.Y., L.J.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Dr. Bally is currently at Service of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Camila Oliveira Dos Santos
- From the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic (J.F.B., A.E.L.), Toronto Western Hospital and University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (J.F.B.), University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (S.C., F.C.), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (C.O.d.S., R.D.P., P.d.C.A.), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Departments of Neurology (D.S.K., T.L.) and Neurosurgery (D.S.K.), University of Colorado School of Medicine; Aurora; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (F.P.d.S.-J., E.R.B., P.d.C.A.), Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; and Department of Neurology (R.Y., L.J.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Dr. Bally is currently at Service of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Drew S Kern
- From the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic (J.F.B., A.E.L.), Toronto Western Hospital and University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (J.F.B.), University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (S.C., F.C.), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (C.O.d.S., R.D.P., P.d.C.A.), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Departments of Neurology (D.S.K., T.L.) and Neurosurgery (D.S.K.), University of Colorado School of Medicine; Aurora; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (F.P.d.S.-J., E.R.B., P.d.C.A.), Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; and Department of Neurology (R.Y., L.J.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Dr. Bally is currently at Service of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Teresa Lee
- From the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic (J.F.B., A.E.L.), Toronto Western Hospital and University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (J.F.B.), University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (S.C., F.C.), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (C.O.d.S., R.D.P., P.d.C.A.), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Departments of Neurology (D.S.K., T.L.) and Neurosurgery (D.S.K.), University of Colorado School of Medicine; Aurora; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (F.P.d.S.-J., E.R.B., P.d.C.A.), Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; and Department of Neurology (R.Y., L.J.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Dr. Bally is currently at Service of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francisco Pereira da Silva-Junior
- From the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic (J.F.B., A.E.L.), Toronto Western Hospital and University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (J.F.B.), University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (S.C., F.C.), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (C.O.d.S., R.D.P., P.d.C.A.), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Departments of Neurology (D.S.K., T.L.) and Neurosurgery (D.S.K.), University of Colorado School of Medicine; Aurora; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (F.P.d.S.-J., E.R.B., P.d.C.A.), Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; and Department of Neurology (R.Y., L.J.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Dr. Bally is currently at Service of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Renato David Puga
- From the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic (J.F.B., A.E.L.), Toronto Western Hospital and University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (J.F.B.), University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (S.C., F.C.), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (C.O.d.S., R.D.P., P.d.C.A.), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Departments of Neurology (D.S.K., T.L.) and Neurosurgery (D.S.K.), University of Colorado School of Medicine; Aurora; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (F.P.d.S.-J., E.R.B., P.d.C.A.), Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; and Department of Neurology (R.Y., L.J.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Dr. Bally is currently at Service of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francisco Cardoso
- From the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic (J.F.B., A.E.L.), Toronto Western Hospital and University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (J.F.B.), University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (S.C., F.C.), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (C.O.d.S., R.D.P., P.d.C.A.), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Departments of Neurology (D.S.K., T.L.) and Neurosurgery (D.S.K.), University of Colorado School of Medicine; Aurora; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (F.P.d.S.-J., E.R.B., P.d.C.A.), Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; and Department of Neurology (R.Y., L.J.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Dr. Bally is currently at Service of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Egberto Reis Barbosa
- From the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic (J.F.B., A.E.L.), Toronto Western Hospital and University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (J.F.B.), University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (S.C., F.C.), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (C.O.d.S., R.D.P., P.d.C.A.), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Departments of Neurology (D.S.K., T.L.) and Neurosurgery (D.S.K.), University of Colorado School of Medicine; Aurora; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (F.P.d.S.-J., E.R.B., P.d.C.A.), Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; and Department of Neurology (R.Y., L.J.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Dr. Bally is currently at Service of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rachita Yadav
- From the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic (J.F.B., A.E.L.), Toronto Western Hospital and University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (J.F.B.), University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (S.C., F.C.), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (C.O.d.S., R.D.P., P.d.C.A.), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Departments of Neurology (D.S.K., T.L.) and Neurosurgery (D.S.K.), University of Colorado School of Medicine; Aurora; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (F.P.d.S.-J., E.R.B., P.d.C.A.), Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; and Department of Neurology (R.Y., L.J.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Dr. Bally is currently at Service of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurie J Ozelius
- From the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic (J.F.B., A.E.L.), Toronto Western Hospital and University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (J.F.B.), University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (S.C., F.C.), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (C.O.d.S., R.D.P., P.d.C.A.), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Departments of Neurology (D.S.K., T.L.) and Neurosurgery (D.S.K.), University of Colorado School of Medicine; Aurora; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (F.P.d.S.-J., E.R.B., P.d.C.A.), Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; and Department of Neurology (R.Y., L.J.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Dr. Bally is currently at Service of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patricia de Carvalho Aguiar
- From the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic (J.F.B., A.E.L.), Toronto Western Hospital and University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (J.F.B.), University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (S.C., F.C.), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (C.O.d.S., R.D.P., P.d.C.A.), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Departments of Neurology (D.S.K., T.L.) and Neurosurgery (D.S.K.), University of Colorado School of Medicine; Aurora; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (F.P.d.S.-J., E.R.B., P.d.C.A.), Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; and Department of Neurology (R.Y., L.J.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Dr. Bally is currently at Service of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anthony E Lang
- From the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic (J.F.B., A.E.L.), Toronto Western Hospital and University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (J.F.B.), University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine (S.C., F.C.), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (C.O.d.S., R.D.P., P.d.C.A.), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Departments of Neurology (D.S.K., T.L.) and Neurosurgery (D.S.K.), University of Colorado School of Medicine; Aurora; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (F.P.d.S.-J., E.R.B., P.d.C.A.), Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; and Department of Neurology (R.Y., L.J.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Dr. Bally is currently at Service of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Ullah I, Gahalawat S, Booshehri LM, Niederstrasser H, Majumdar S, Leija C, Bradford JM, Hu B, Ready JM, Wetzel DM. An Antiparasitic Compound from the Medicines for Malaria Venture Pathogen Box Promotes Leishmania Tubulin Polymerization. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:2057-2072. [PMID: 32686409 PMCID: PMC8059355 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The few frontline antileishmanial drugs are poorly effective and toxic. To search for new drugs for this neglected tropical disease, we tested the activity of compounds in the Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV) "Pathogen Box" against Leishmania amazonensis axenic amastigotes. Screening yielded six discovery antileishmanial compounds with EC50 values from 50 to 480 nM. Concentration-response assays demonstrated that the best hit, MMV676477, had mid-nanomolar cytocidal potency against intracellular Leishmania amastigotes, Trypanosoma brucei, and Plasmodium falciparum, suggesting broad antiparasitic activity. We explored structure-activity relationships (SAR) within a small group of MMV676477 analogs and observed a wide potency range (20-5000 nM) against axenic Leishmania amastigotes. Compared to MMV676477, our most potent analog, SW41, had ∼5-fold improved antileishmanial potency. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that MMV676477 selectively disrupts Leishmania tubulin dynamics. Morphological studies indicated that MMV676477 and analogs affected L. amazonensis during cell division. Differential centrifugation showed that MMV676477 promoted partitioning of cellular tubulin toward the polymeric form in parasites. Turbidity assays with purified Leishmania and porcine tubulin demonstrated that MMV676477 promoted leishmanial tubulin polymerization in a concentration-dependent manner. Analogs' antiparasitic activity correlated with their ability to facilitate purified Leishmania tubulin polymerization. Chemical cross-linking demonstrated binding of the MMV676477 scaffold to purified Leishmania tubulin, and competition studies established a correlation between binding and antileishmanial activity. Our studies demonstrate that MMV676477 is a potent antiparasitic compound that preferentially promotes Leishmania microtubule polymerization. Due to its selectivity for and broad-spectrum activity against multiple parasites, this scaffold shows promise for antiparasitic drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ullah
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Suraksha Gahalawat
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Laela M. Booshehri
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Hanspeter Niederstrasser
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Shreoshi Majumdar
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Christopher Leija
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - James M. Bradford
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Joseph M. Ready
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Dawn M. Wetzel
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
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Garge RK, Laurent JM, Kachroo AH, Marcotte EM. Systematic Humanization of the Yeast Cytoskeleton Discerns Functionally Replaceable from Divergent Human Genes. Genetics 2020; 215:1153-1169. [PMID: 32522745 PMCID: PMC7404242 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.120.303378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many gene families have been expanded by gene duplications along the human lineage, relative to ancestral opisthokonts, but the extent to which the duplicated genes function similarly is understudied. Here, we focused on structural cytoskeletal genes involved in critical cellular processes, including chromosome segregation, macromolecular transport, and cell shape maintenance. To determine functional redundancy and divergence of duplicated human genes, we systematically humanized the yeast actin, myosin, tubulin, and septin genes, testing ∼81% of human cytoskeletal genes across seven gene families for their ability to complement a growth defect induced by inactivation or deletion of the corresponding yeast ortholog. In five of seven families-all but α-tubulin and light myosin, we found at least one human gene capable of complementing loss of the yeast gene. Despite rescuing growth defects, we observed differential abilities of human genes to rescue cell morphology, meiosis, and mating defects. By comparing phenotypes of humanized strains with deletion phenotypes of their interaction partners, we identify instances of human genes in the actin and septin families capable of carrying out essential functions, but failing to fully complement the cytoskeletal roles of their yeast orthologs, thus leading to abnormal cell morphologies. Overall, we show that duplicated human cytoskeletal genes appear to have diverged such that only a few human genes within each family are capable of replacing the essential roles of their yeast orthologs. The resulting yeast strains with humanized cytoskeletal components now provide surrogate platforms to characterize human genes in simplified eukaryotic contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riddhiman K Garge
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Jon M Laurent
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78712
- Institute for Systems Genetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York 10016
| | - Aashiq H Kachroo
- The Department of Biology, Centre for Applied Synthetic Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, H4B 1R6 Quebec, Canada
| | - Edward M Marcotte
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78712
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Trushina NI, Mulkidjanian AY, Brandt R. The microtubule skeleton and the evolution of neuronal complexity in vertebrates. Biol Chem 2020; 400:1163-1179. [PMID: 31116700 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of a highly developed nervous system is mirrored by the ability of individual neurons to develop increased morphological complexity. As microtubules (MTs) are crucially involved in neuronal development, we tested the hypothesis that the evolution of complexity is driven by an increasing capacity of the MT system for regulated molecular interactions as it may be implemented by a higher number of molecular players and a greater ability of the individual molecules to interact. We performed bioinformatics analysis on different classes of components of the vertebrate neuronal MT cytoskeleton. We show that the number of orthologs of tubulin structure proteins, MT-binding proteins and tubulin-sequestering proteins expanded during vertebrate evolution. We observed that protein diversity of MT-binding and tubulin-sequestering proteins increased by alternative splicing. In addition, we found that regions of the MT-binding protein tau and MAP6 displayed a clear increase in disorder extent during evolution. The data provide evidence that vertebrate evolution is paralleled by gene expansions, changes in alternative splicing and evolution of coding sequences of components of the MT system. The results suggest that in particular evolutionary changes in tubulin-structure proteins, MT-binding proteins and tubulin-sequestering proteins were prominent drivers for the development of increased neuronal complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya I Trushina
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastraße 11, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Armen Y Mulkidjanian
- Department of Physics, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastraße 7, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany.,A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology and School of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Roland Brandt
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastraße 11, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany.,Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastraße 11, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany.,Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastraße 11, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
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Li W, Tan H, Liu J, Hu J, Cui J, Wang S, Liu Q, Hu F, Ren L, Tao M, Zhao R, Yang C, Qin Q, Liu S. Comparative analysis of testis transcriptomes associated with male infertility in triploid cyprinid fish. Reprod Fertil Dev 2019; 31:248-260. [PMID: 30086823 DOI: 10.1071/rd18034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis involves a series of cellular transformations and thousands of regulated genes. Previously, we showed that the triploid fish (3nBY) cannot produce mature spermatozoa. In the present study, evaluation of the testis microstructure revealed that germ cells of 3nBY could develop into round spermatids, but then degenerated, resulting in male infertility. In this study we comparatively analysed the testis transcriptomes from 3nBY and its diploid parent YB and identified a series of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were enriched in the Wnt signalling pathway and the apoptotic and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis processes in 3nBY. Gene ontology functional analyses revealed that some DEGs in 3nBY were directly associated with the process of gamete generation, development and sperm flagellum assembly. In addition, the expression of a number of genes related to meiosis (Inhibitor Of DNA Binding 2 (ID2), Ovo Like Transcriptional Repressor 1 (OVOL1)), mitochondria (ATP1b (ATPase Na+/K+ Transporting Subunit Beta 1), ATP2a (ATPase, Ca++ Transporting, Cardiac Muscle, Slow Twitch 2), ATP5a (ATP Synthase F1 Subunit Alpha), Mitochondrially Encoded Cytochrome C Oxidase I (COX1), NADH Dehydrogenase Subunit 4 (ND4)) and chromatin structure (Histone 1 (H1), Histone 2a (H2A), Histone 2b (H2B), Histone 3 (H3), Histone 4 (H4)) was lower in the testes of 3nBY, whereas the expression of genes encoding ubiquitin (Ubiquitin Conjugating Enzymes (UBEs), Ring Finger Proteins (RNFs)) and apoptosis (CASPs (Caspase 3, Caspase 7,Caspase 8), BCLs (B-Cell Lymphoma 3, B-Cell CLL/Lymphoma 2, B Cell CLL/Lymphoma 10)) proteins involved in spermatid degeneration was higher. These data suggest that the disrupted expression of genes associated with spermatogenesis and the increased expression of mitochondrial ubiquitin, which initiates cell apoptosis, may result in spermatid degeneration in male 3nBY. This study provides information regarding the potential molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying male infertility in polyploid fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Hui Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Junmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Jie Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Jialin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Shi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Qingfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Fangzhou Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Li Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Min Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Rurong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Conghui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Qinbo Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Shaojun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, P.R. China
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Wang Y, Gu Q, Yan K, Zhu Y, Tan T, Zheng Y, Wang X, Zou T, Liang Q. Deletion of INMAP postpones mitotic exit and induces apoptosis by disabling the formation of mitotic spindle. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 518:19-25. [PMID: 31405563 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INMAP was first identified as a spindle protein that plays important roles in cell-cycle progression, and previous studies have revealed that its abnormal expression leads to mitotic disorder and the growth inhibition of human tumor xenografts, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we knocked out INMAP in HEK293T cells, a strain of human embryonic renal cells, through CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology, resulting in obvious cell growth inhibition. In this system, the deletion of INMAP caused obviously apoptosis. And we also found that knockout of INMAP caused micronuclei formation, chromosome aberration, and γH2AX expression upregulation, suggesting DNA damage induction and genomic stability impairment. As a principal component of spindle, the expression of β-tubulin, detected through Western blot, is obviously upregulated in HEK293T-INMAP-/-. Meanwhile, the level of Cyclin B is also upregulated, whereas, that of Cyclin E, downregulated, with the postponement of mitotic exit and the assembly anomaly of spindle. These results suggest that the deletion of INMAP block the formation of spindle, leading to arrest of cell cycle and DNA damage, finally blocking cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Therefore, INMAP is an indispensable factor for genomic integrity and normal mitotic exit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China; Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Qun Gu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China; Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Keyue Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China; Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China; Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Tan Tan
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, PR China
| | - Yanbo Zheng
- The Institute of Medical Biotechnology (IMB) of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- School of Foreign Languages and Literature, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Taiyang Zou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China; Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Qianjin Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China; Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China.
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31
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Ellingham O, David J, Culham A. Enhancing identification accuracy for powdery mildews using previously underexploited DNA loci. Mycologia 2019; 111:798-812. [DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2019.1643644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Ellingham
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AS, UK
- Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK
| | - John David
- Royal Horticultural Society Garden Wisley, Woking, Surrey, GU23 6QB, UK
| | - Alastair Culham
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AS, UK
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Cuenca-Zamora EJ, Ferrer-Marín F, Rivera J, Teruel-Montoya R. Tubulin in Platelets: When the Shape Matters. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3484. [PMID: 31315202 PMCID: PMC6678703 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are anuclear cells with a short lifespan that play an essential role in many pathophysiological processes, including haemostasis, inflammation, infection, vascular integrity, and metastasis. Billions of platelets are produced daily from megakaryocytes (platelet precursors). Despite this high production, the number of circulating platelets is stable and, under resting conditions, they maintain their typical discoid shape thanks to cytoskeleton proteins. The activation of platelets is associated with dynamic and rapid changes in the cytoskeleton. Two cytoskeletal polymer systems exist in megakaryocytes and platelets: actin filaments and microtubules, based on actin, and α- and β-tubulin heterodimers, respectively. Herein, we will focus on platelet-specific tubulins and their alterations and role of the microtubules skeleton in platelet formation (thrombopoiesis). During this process, microtubules mediate elongation of the megakaryocyte extensions (proplatelet) and granule trafficking from megakaryocytes to nascent platelets. In platelets, microtubules form a subcortical ring, the so-called marginal band, which confers the typical platelet discoid shape and is also responsible for changes in platelet morphology upon activation. Molecular alterations in the gene encoding β1 tubulin and microtubules post-translational modifications may result in quantitative or qualitative changes in tubulin, leading to altered cytoskeleton reorganization that may induce changes in the platelet number (thrombocytopenia), morphology or function. Consequently, β1-tubulin modifications may participate in pathological and physiological processes, such as development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto José Cuenca-Zamora
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, IMIB-Arrixaca, Red CIBERER CB15/00055, 30003 Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisca Ferrer-Marín
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, IMIB-Arrixaca, Red CIBERER CB15/00055, 30003 Murcia, Spain.
- Grado de Medicina, Universidad Católica San Antonio (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos, 30107 Murcia, Spain.
| | - José Rivera
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, IMIB-Arrixaca, Red CIBERER CB15/00055, 30003 Murcia, Spain
| | - Raúl Teruel-Montoya
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, IMIB-Arrixaca, Red CIBERER CB15/00055, 30003 Murcia, Spain
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Wang H, Chen D, Li C, Tian N, Zhang J, Xu JR, Wang C. Stage-specific functional relationships between Tub1 and Tub2 beta-tubulins in the wheat scab fungus Fusarium graminearum. Fungal Genet Biol 2019; 132:103251. [PMID: 31319136 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2019.103251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The filamentous ascomycete Fusarium graminearum contains two β-tubulin genes TUB1 and TUB2 that differ in functions during vegetative growth and sexual reproduction. To further characterize their functional relationship, in this study we determined the co-localization of Tub1 and Tub2 and assayed their expression levels in different mutants and roles in DON production. Tub1 co-localized with Tub2 to the same regions of microtubules in conidia, hyphae, and ascospores. Whereas deletion of TUB1 had no obvious effect on the transcription of TUB2 and two α-tubulin genes (TUB4 and TUB5), the tub2 mutant was up-regulated in TUB1 transcription. To assay their protein expression levels, polyclonal antibodies that could specifically detect four α- and β-tubulin proteins were generated. Western blot analyses showed that the abundance of Tub1 proteins was increased in tub2 but reduced in tub4 and tub5 mutants. Interestingly, protein expression of Tub4 and Tub5 was decreased in the tub1 mutant in comparison with the wild type, despite a lack of obvious changes in their transcription. In contrast, deletion of TUB2 had no effect on translation of TUB4 and TUB5. Ectopic expression of Tub2-mCherry partially recovered the growth defect of the tub1 mutant but did not rescue its defect in sexual reproduction. Expression of Tub1-GFP in the tub2 mutant also partially rescued its defects in vegetative growth, suggesting that disturbance in the balance of α- and β-tubulins contributes to mutant defects. The tub2 but not tub1 mutant was almost blocked in DON biosynthesis. Expression of TRI genes, toxisome formation, and DON-related cellular differentiation were significantly reduced in the tub2 mutant. Overall, our results showed that Tub1 and Tub2 share similar subcellular localization and have overlapping functions during vegetative growth but they differ in functions in DON production and ascosporogenesis in F. graminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Daipeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chengliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Neng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ju Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jin-Rong Xu
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Chenfang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Leishmania infantum β-Tubulin Identified by Reverse Engineering Technology through Phage Display Applied as Theranostic Marker for Human Visceral Leishmaniasis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081812. [PMID: 31013713 PMCID: PMC6514782 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Two Leishmania infantum mimotopes (B10 and C01) identified by phage display showed to be antigenic and immunogenic for visceral (VL) and tegumentary (TL) leishmaniasis; however, their biological targets in the parasites have not been identified. The aim of the present study was to investigate the native antigens expressing both mimotopes, and to use them in distinct immunological assays. For this, a subtractive phage display technology was used, where a combinatorial library of single-chain variable fragments (scFv) was employed and the most reactive monoclonal antibodies for each target were captured, being the target antigens identified by mass spectrometry. Results in immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation assays showed that both monoclonal scFvs antibodies identified the β-tubulin protein as the target antigen in L. infantum. To validate these findings, the recombinant protein was cloned, purified and tested for the serodiagnosis of human leishmaniasis, and its immunogenicity was evaluated in PBMC derived from healthy subjects and treated or untreated VL patients. Results showed high diagnostic efficacy, as well as the development of a specific Th1 immune response in the cell cultures, since higher IFN-γ and lower IL-10 production was found.
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Regulating the BCL2 Family to Improve Sensitivity to Microtubule Targeting Agents. Cells 2019; 8:cells8040346. [PMID: 31013740 PMCID: PMC6523793 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic targeting of microtubules has been the standard of care in treating a variety of malignancies for decades. During mitosis, increased microtubule dynamics are necessary for mitotic spindle formation and successful chromosomal segregation. Microtubule targeting agents (MTAs) disrupt the dynamics necessary for successful spindle assembly and trigger programmed cell death (apoptosis). As the critical regulators of apoptosis, anti-apoptotic BCL2 family members are often amplified during carcinogenesis that can result in MTA resistance. This review outlines how BCL2 family regulation is positioned within the context of MTA treatment and explores the potential of combination therapy of MTAs with emerging BCL2 family inhibitors.
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Hussey SP, Fritz-Laylin LK. "The Missing Link": The Tubulin Mutation Database Connects Over 1500 Missense Mutations With Phenotypes Across Eukaryotes. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2019; 76:175-176. [PMID: 30907069 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
As outlined in their recent paper (A Tubulin Mutation Database: A Resource for the Cytoskeletal Community), Catherine Pham and Naomi Morrissette from the University of California, Irvine, scoured the literature and catalogued data for 489 point mutations for 𝛂-tubulin, 729 for β-tubulin, and 343 for 𝛄, ẟ, 𝛆, and 𝛇 tubulins to create the tubulin mutation database (http://tubulinmutations.bio.uci.edu). The database is a searchable catalog of missense mutations and phenotypes that is expected to grow with biannual updates. Data entries regarding the species and isoform, as well as links to available sequences and the original study which characterized the mutant are intuitively displayed and color coded (Pham & Morrissette, 2019). This database represents a unique opportunity for clinicians and cell biologists to rapidly connect sequence data to mutant phenotypes and gather primary literature which promises to facilitate discoveries on topics including microtubule dynamics, antimitotic drug use and resistance, and evolution. We expect that many researchers will find this tool of great use to their research. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane P Hussey
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
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Abstract
Mutations causing dysfunction of the tubulins and microtubule-associated proteins, otherwise known as tubulinopathies, are a group of recently described entities, that lead to complex brain malformations. An understanding of the fundamental principles of operation of the cytoskeleton and compounds in particular microtubules, actin, and microtubule-associated proteins, can assist in the interpretation of the imaging findings of tubulinopathies. Somewhat consistent morphological imaging patterns have been described in tubulinopathies such as dysmorphic basal ganglia-the hallmark (found in 75% of cases), callosal dysgenesis, cerebellar hypoplasia/dysplasia, and cortical malformations, most notably lissencephaly. Recognizing the common imaging phenotypes present in tubulinopathies can prove invaluable in directing the genetic workup for a patient with brain malformations.
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The tubulin mutation database: A resource for the cytoskeleton community. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2019; 76:186-191. [DOI: 10.1002/cm.21514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Hahnel SR, Zdraljevic S, Rodriguez BC, Zhao Y, McGrath PT, Andersen EC. Extreme allelic heterogeneity at a Caenorhabditis elegans beta-tubulin locus explains natural resistance to benzimidazoles. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007226. [PMID: 30372484 PMCID: PMC6224181 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzimidazoles (BZ) are essential components of the limited chemotherapeutic arsenal available to control the global burden of parasitic nematodes. The emerging threat of BZ resistance among multiple nematode species necessitates the development of novel strategies to identify genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying this resistance. All detection of parasitic helminth resistance to BZ is focused on the genotyping of three variant sites in the orthologs of the β-tubulin gene found to confer resistance in the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Because of the limitations of laboratory and field experiments in parasitic nematodes, it is difficult to look beyond these three sites to identify additional mechanisms that might contribute to BZ resistance in the field. Here, we took an unbiased genome-wide mapping approach in the free-living nematode species C. elegans to identify the genetic underpinnings of natural resistance to the commonly used BZ, albendazole (ABZ). We found a wide range of natural variation in ABZ resistance in natural C. elegans populations. In agreement with known mechanisms of BZ resistance in parasites, we found that a majority of the variation in ABZ resistance among wild C. elegans strains is caused by variation in the β-tubulin gene ben-1. This result shows empirically that resistance to ABZ naturally exists and segregates within the C. elegans population, suggesting that selection in natural niches could enrich for resistant alleles. We identified 25 distinct ben-1 alleles that are segregating at low frequencies within the C. elegans population, including many novel molecular variants. Population genetic analyses indicate that ben-1 variation arose multiple times during the evolutionary history of C. elegans and provide evidence that these alleles likely occurred recently because of local selective pressures. Additionally, we find purifying selection at all five β-tubulin genes, despite predicted loss-of-function variants in ben-1, indicating that BZ resistance in natural niches is a stronger selective pressure than loss of one β-tubulin gene. Furthermore, we used genome-editing to show that the most common parasitic nematode β-tubulin allele that confers BZ resistance, F200Y, confers resistance in C. elegans. Importantly, we identified a novel genomic region that is correlated with ABZ resistance in the C. elegans population but independent of ben-1 and the other β-tubulin loci, suggesting that there are multiple mechanisms underlying BZ resistance. Taken together, our results establish a population-level resource of nematode natural diversity as an important model for the study of mechanisms that give rise to BZ resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen R. Hahnel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States of America
| | - Stefan Zdraljevic
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States of America
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States of America
| | - Briana C. Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States of America
| | - Yuehui Zhao
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Patrick T. McGrath
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Erik C. Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States of America
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States of America
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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New 2-Oxoindolin Phosphonates as Novel Agents to Treat Cancer: A Green Synthesis and Molecular Modeling. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23081981. [PMID: 30096835 PMCID: PMC6222476 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The work reports the facile synthesis of novel α-aminophosphonate derivatives coupled with indole-2,3-dione moieties, namely the diethyl(substituted phenyl/heteroaryl)(2-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)hydrazinyl)methylphosphonates derivatives 4(a⁻n). One-pot three component Kabachnik-Fields reactions were used to synthesize these derivatives. The reaction was carried out at room temperature by stirring in presence of ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) as a green catalyst. The structures of the synthesized compounds were established by spectral studies. The synthesized derivatives 4(a⁻n) were evaluated for their in vitro anticancer activity against six human cancer cell lines by the SRB assay method. The cancer cell lines used in this research work are SK-MEL-2 (melanoma), MCF-7 (breast cancer), IMR-32 (neuroblastoma) MG-63 (human osteosarcoma), HT-29 (human colon cancer) and Hep-G2 (human hepatoma). All the synthesized derivatives inhibited the cell proliferation. Importantly, all the target compounds showed no cytotoxicity towards normal tissue cells (GI50 > 250 µM). A docking study was performed to predict the mode of action. Docking results indicate that the compounds have good binding with the enzyme tyrosine kinase as well as with microtubules, which makes them dual inhibitors. The result of in-silico bioavailability studies suggests that the compounds from the present series have good oral drug-like properties and are non-toxic in nature. In vivo acute oral toxicity study results indicate that the compounds can be considered safe, and therefore could be developed in the future as good anticancer agents or as leads for the design and synthesis of novel anticancer agents.
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Abstract
Microtubules act as "railways" for motor-driven intracellular transport, interact with accessory proteins to assemble into larger structures such as the mitotic spindle, and provide an organizational framework to the rest of the cell. Key to these functions is the fact that microtubules are "dynamic." As with actin, the polymer dynamics are driven by nucleotide hydrolysis and influenced by a host of specialized regulatory proteins, including microtubule-associated proteins. However, microtubule turnover involves a surprising behavior-termed dynamic instability-in which individual polymers switch stochastically between growth and depolymerization. Dynamic instability allows microtubules to explore intracellular space and remodel in response to intracellular and extracellular cues. Here, we review how such instability is central to the assembly of many microtubule-based structures and to the robust functioning of the microtubule cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly V Goodson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - Erin M Jonasson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
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Hu F, Xu K, Zhou Y, Wu C, Wang S, Xiao J, Wen M, Zhao R, Luo K, Tao M, Duan W, Liu S. Different expression patterns of sperm motility-related genes in testis of diploid and tetraploid cyprinid fish†. Biol Reprod 2018; 96:907-920. [PMID: 28340181 PMCID: PMC5441299 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/iox010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sperm motility is an important standard to measure the fertility of male. In our previous study, we found that the diploid spermatozoa from allotetraploid hybrid (4nAT) had longer durations of rapid and slow progressive motility than haploid spermatozoa from common carp (COC). In this study, to explore sperm motility-related molecular mechanisms, we compared the testis tissues transcriptomes from 2-year-old male COC and 4nAT. The RNA-seq data revealed that 2985 genes were differentially expressed between COC and 4nAT, including 2216 upregulated and 769 downregulated genes in 4nAT. Some differentially expressed genes, such as tubulin genes, dynein, axonemal, heavy chain(dnah) genes, mitogen-activated protein kinase(mapk) genes, tektin 4, FOX transcription factors, proteasome genes, and ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase(uchl) genes, are involved in the regulation of cell division, flagellar and ciliary motility, gene transcription, cytoskeleton, energy metabolism, and the ubiquitin–proteasome system, suggesting that these genes were related to sperm motility of the 4nAT. We confirmed the differential expression of 12 such genes in 4nAT by quantitative PCR. By western blotting, we also confirmed increased expression of Uchl3 in 4nAT testis. In addition, we identified 1915 and 2551 predicted long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) transcripts from testis tissue transcriptomes of COC and 4nAT, respectively. Of these, 1575 lncRNAs were specifically expressed in 4nAT and 939 were specifically expressed in COC. This study provides insights into the transcriptome profile of testis tissues from diploid and tetraploid, which are useful for research on regulatory mechanisms behind sperm motility in male polyploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhou Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. of China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. of China
| | - Kang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. of China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. of China
| | - Yunfan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. of China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. of China
| | - Chang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. of China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. of China
| | - Shi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. of China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. of China
| | - Jun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. of China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. of China
| | - Min Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. of China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. of China
| | - Rurong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. of China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. of China
| | - Kaikun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. of China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. of China
| | - Min Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. of China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. of China
| | - Wei Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. of China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. of China
| | - Shaojun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. of China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. of China
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Zhu Y, Liang X, Li Y, Duan Y, Zheng Z, Wang J, Zhou M. F240 of β 2-Tubulin Explains why Fusarium graminearum is Less Sensitive to Carbendazim than Botrytis cinerea. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2018; 108:352-361. [PMID: 29063820 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-09-17-0295-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
β-Tubulin is the target of benzimidazole fungicides, the most widely used of which is carbendazim (methyl benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate [MBC]). MBC sensitivity is determined by the differential affinity of MBC for β-tubulins. However, the mechanism of less sensitivity of Fusarium graminearum to MBC compared with other fungi, including Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, remains exclusive. Alignment of β-tubulin amino acid sequences showed that position 240 of β-tubulins is leucine (L) in most pathogenic fungi but is phenylalanine (F) in the Fgβ2-tubulin of the F. graminearum wild type. The effective concentration resulting in 50% inhibition (EC50) value of MBC against the Fgβ2F240L mutant of F. graminearum is 0.047 μg/ml, which was 10-fold lower than that of wild-type strain 2021. Moreover, The EC50 value of MBC against the BcβL"240"F (actually position 232) mutant of Botrytis cinerea was 0.44 μg/ml, which was ninefold higher than that of B. cinerea wild-type strain Bt4-1. In response to MBC treatment (0.15 μg/ml), microtubules were clearly visible in Fgβ2-enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) but not in Fgβ2F240L-EGFP. Moreover, a molecular docking assay indicated that F240L mutation created a pi-pi interaction between Fgβ2-tubulin and MBC and increased the binding affinity of Fgβ2-tubulin to MBC. Our results suggest that F240 is responsible for the naturally less MBC sensitivity in F. graminearum compared with B. cinerea, C. gloeosporioides, and S. sclerotiorum by decreasing the binding affinity between Fgβ2-tubulin and MBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanye Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Pesticide, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Pesticide, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Pesticide, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yabing Duan
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Pesticide, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhitian Zheng
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Pesticide, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Pesticide, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mingguo Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Pesticide, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Nikalje APG, Tiwari SV, Sangshetti JN, Damale MD. Ultrasound-mediated synthesis, biological evaluation, docking and in vivo acute oral toxicity study of novel indolin-2-one coupled pyrimidine derivatives. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-018-3292-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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45
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Rabokon A, Demkovych A, Sozinov A, Kozub N, Sozinov I, Pirko Y, Blume Y. Intron length polymorphism of β-tubulin genes of Aegilops biuncialis Vis. Cell Biol Int 2017; 43:1031-1039. [PMID: 29024189 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Intron-specific DNA polymorphism is present among plant β-tubulin gene family members and is considered to be one of the molecular markers based on the difference of tubulin introns length assayed both separately (TBP: 1st intron) or in combination (h-TBP: 1st and 2nd introns). These two approaches are possibly useful for wheat breeding programs, since TBP and h-TBP help to differentiate between the accessions of Aegilops biuncialis Vis., a wild relative of wheat. PCR-derived polymorphic fragments were resolved by PAGE electrophoresis. The length of amplicons varied significantly (395-3900 bp for TBP and 466-3440 bp for h-TBP), while the numbers of polymorphic bands were 21 for TBP and 23 for h-TBP, respectively. PIC mean value was circa 0.3. Dendrograms constructed on the basis of the Nei and Li coefficient with the high bootstrap support reveal a similar order of hierarchy for the samples analyzed using both methods. Thus, both techniques uncover DNA polymorphism level sufficiently high to distinguish different accessions of Ae. biuncialis Vis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Rabokon
- Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, Osipovskogo St., 2a, Kyiv-123, 04123, Ukraine
| | - Andrii Demkovych
- Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, Osipovskogo St., 2a, Kyiv-123, 04123, Ukraine
| | - Alexei Sozinov
- Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, Osipovskogo St., 2a, Kyiv-123, 04123, Ukraine
| | - Natalia Kozub
- Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, Osipovskogo St., 2a, Kyiv-123, 04123, Ukraine.,Institute of Plant Protection, Vasylkivska St., 33, Kyiv-022, 03022, Ukraine
| | - Igor Sozinov
- Institute of Plant Protection, Vasylkivska St., 33, Kyiv-022, 03022, Ukraine
| | - Yaroslav Pirko
- Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, Osipovskogo St., 2a, Kyiv-123, 04123, Ukraine
| | - Yaroslav Blume
- Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, Osipovskogo St., 2a, Kyiv-123, 04123, Ukraine
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Boynton PJ, Janzen T, Greig D. Modeling the contributions of chromosome segregation errors and aneuploidy to Saccharomyces hybrid sterility. Yeast 2017; 35:85-98. [PMID: 28967670 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Errors in meiosis can be important postzygotic barriers between different species. In Saccharomyces hybrids, chromosomal missegregation during meiosis I produces gametes with missing or extra chromosomes. Gametes with missing chromosomes are inviable, but we do not understand how extra chromosomes (disomies) influence hybrid gamete inviability. We designed a model predicting rates of missegregation in interspecific hybrid meioses assuming several different mechanisms of disomy tolerance, and compared predictions from the model with observations of sterility in hybrids between Saccharomyces yeast species. Sterility observations were consistent with the hypothesis that chromosomal missegregation causes hybrid sterility, and the model indicated that missegregation probabilities of 13-50% per chromosome can cause observed values of 90-99% hybrid sterility regardless of how cells tolerate disomies. Missing chromosomes in gametes are responsible for most infertility, but disomies may kill as many as 11% of the gametes produced by hybrids between Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces paradoxus. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Primrose J Boynton
- Environmental Genomics Group, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24 306, Plön, Germany
| | - Thijs Janzen
- Department of Evolutionary Theory, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24 306, Plön, Germany.,Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University, 26 111, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Duncan Greig
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
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47
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Aoki JI, Muxel SM, Zampieri RA, Laranjeira-Silva MF, Müller KE, Nerland AH, Floeter-Winter LM. RNA-seq transcriptional profiling of Leishmania amazonensis reveals an arginase-dependent gene expression regulation. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0006026. [PMID: 29077741 PMCID: PMC5678721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Leishmania is a protozoan parasite that alternates its life cycle between the sand-fly vector and the mammalian host. This alternation involves environmental changes and leads the parasite to dynamic modifications in morphology, metabolism, cellular signaling and regulation of gene expression to allow for a rapid adaptation to new conditions. The L-arginine pathway in L. amazonensis is important during the parasite life cycle and interferes in the establishment and maintenance of the infection in mammalian macrophages. Host arginase is an immune-regulatory enzyme that can reduce the production of nitric oxide by activated macrophages, directing the availability of L-arginine to the polyamine pathway, resulting in parasite replication. In this work, we performed transcriptional profiling to identify differentially expressed genes in L. amazonensis wild-type (La-WT) versus L. amazonensis arginase knockout (La-arg-) promastigotes and axenic amastigotes. Methodology/Principal findings A total of 8253 transcripts were identified in La-WT and La-arg- promastigotes and axenic amastigotes, about 60% of them codifying hypothetical proteins and 443 novel transcripts, which did not match any previously annotated genes. Our RNA-seq data revealed that 85% of genes were constitutively expressed. The comparison of transcriptome and metabolome data showed lower levels of arginase and higher levels of glutamate-5-kinase in La-WT axenic amastigotes compared to promastigotes. The absence of arginase activity in promastigotes increased the levels of pyrroline 5-carboxylate reductase, but decreased the levels of arginosuccinate synthase, pyrroline 5-carboxylate dehydrogenase, acetylornithine deacetylase and spermidine synthase transcripts levels. These observations can explain previous metabolomic data pointing to the increase of L-arginine, citrulline and L-glutamate and reduction of aspartate, proline, ornithine and putrescine. Altogether, these results indicate that arginase activity is important in Leishmania gene expression modulation during differentiation and adaptation to environmental changes. Here, we confirmed this hypothesis with the identification of differential gene expression of the enzymes involved in biosynthesis of amino acids, arginine and proline metabolism and arginine biosynthesis. Conclusions/Significance All data provided information about the transcriptomic profiling and the expression levels of La-WT and La-arg- promastigotes and axenic amastigotes. These findings revealed the importance of arginase in parasite survival and differentiation, and indicated the existence of a coordinated response in the absence of arginase activity related to arginine and polyamine pathways. Leishmania are auxotrophic for many essential nutrients, including amino acids. In this way, the parasite needs to uptake the amino acids from the environment. The uptake of amino acids is mediated by amino acid transporters that are unique for Leishmania. As part of polyamine pathway, the arginase converts L-arginine to ornithine and furthermore to putrescine, products which are essential for parasite growth. On the other hand, the absence of arginase activity could alter the metabolism of the parasite to surpass the external signals during the life cycle and the fate of infection. The transcriptional profiling of La-WT and La-arg- promastigotes and axenic amastigotes revealed 8253 transcripts, 60% encoding hypothetical proteins and 443 novel transcripts. In addition, our data revealed that 85% of the genes were constitutively expressed. Among the 15% (1268 genes) of the differentially expressed genes, we identified genes up- and down-regulated comparing the transcript abundance from different life cycle stages of the parasite and in the presence or absence of arginase. We also combined the transcriptional with metabolic profile that revealed a proportional correlation between enzyme and metabolites in the polyamine pathway. The differentiation of promastigotes to amastigotes alters the expression of enzymes from polyamines biosynthesis, which modulates ornithine, L-glutamate, proline and putrescine levels. In addition, the absence of arginase activity increased the levels of L-arginine, citrulline and L-glutamate and decreased the levels of aspartate, proline, ornithine and putrescine in promastigotes by differential modulation of genes involved in its metabolism. Altogether these data provided additional insights into how Leishmania is able to modulate its biological functions in the presence or absence of arginase activity to survive during environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Ide Aoki
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Bioscience, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail: (JIA); (LMFW)
| | - Sandra Marcia Muxel
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Bioscience, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Karl Erik Müller
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Lucile Maria Floeter-Winter
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Bioscience, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail: (JIA); (LMFW)
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Nimbalkar UD, Seijas JA, Vazquez-Tato MP, Damale MG, Sangshetti JN, Nikalje APG. Ionic Liquid-Catalyzed Green Protocol for Multi-Component Synthesis of Dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles as Potential Anticancer Scaffolds. Molecules 2017; 22:E1628. [PMID: 28956863 PMCID: PMC6151819 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 6-amino-4-substituted-3-methyl-2,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitriles 5a-j were synthesized via one-pot, four-component condensation reactions of aryl aldehydes 1a-j, propanedinitrile (2), hydrazine hydrate (3) and ethyl acetoacetate (4) under solvent-free conditions. We report herein the use of the Brønsted acid ionic liquid (BAIL) triethylammonium hydrogen sulphate [Et₃NH][HSO₄] as catalyst for this multi-component synthesis. Compared with the available reaction methodology, this new method has consistent advantages, including excellent yields, a short reaction time, mild reaction conditions and catalyst reusability. Selected synthesized derivatives were evaluated for in vitro anticancer activity against four human cancer cell lines viz. melanoma cancer cell line (SK-MEL-2), breast cancer cell line(MDA-MB-231), leukemia cancer cell line (K-562) and cervical cancer cell line (HeLa). Compounds 5b, 5d, 5g, 5h and 5j exhibited promising anticancer activity against all selected human cancer cell lines, except HeLa. Molecular docking studies also confirmed 5b and 5d as good lead molecules. An in silico ADMET study of the synthesized anticancer agents indicated good oral drug-like behavior and non-toxic nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urja D Nimbalkar
- Maulana Azad Post Graduate and Research Centre, Dr. Rafiq Zakaria Campus, Rauza Baug, Aurangabad 431001, India.
| | - Julio A Seijas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad of Santiago de Compostela, Alfonso X el Sabio, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - Maria Pilar Vazquez-Tato
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad of Santiago de Compostela, Alfonso X el Sabio, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - Manoj G Damale
- Shreeyash Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Aurangabad 431010, India.
| | - Jaiprakash N Sangshetti
- Y.B. Chavan College of Pharmacy, Dr. Rafiq Zakaria Campus, Rauza Baug, Aurangabad 431001, India.
| | - Anna Pratima G Nikalje
- Y.B. Chavan College of Pharmacy, Dr. Rafiq Zakaria Campus, Rauza Baug, Aurangabad 431001, India.
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Zheng C, Diaz-Cuadros M, Nguyen KCQ, Hall DH, Chalfie M. Distinct effects of tubulin isotype mutations on neurite growth in Caenorhabditis elegans. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:2786-2801. [PMID: 28835377 PMCID: PMC5638583 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-06-0424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Different tubulin isotypes perform different functions in the regulation of microtubule (MT) structure and neurite growth, and missense mutations of tubulin genes have three types of distinct effects on MT stability and neurite growth. One α-tubulin isotype appears to induce relative instability due to the lack of potential posttranslational modification sites. Tubulins, the building block of microtubules (MTs), play a critical role in both supporting and regulating neurite growth. Eukaryotic genomes contain multiple tubulin isotypes, and their missense mutations cause a range of neurodevelopmental defects. Using the Caenorhabditis elegans touch receptor neurons, we analyzed the effects of 67 tubulin missense mutations on neurite growth. Three types of mutations emerged: 1) loss-of-function mutations, which cause mild defects in neurite growth; 2) antimorphic mutations, which map to the GTP binding site and intradimer and interdimer interfaces, significantly reduce MT stability, and cause severe neurite growth defects; and 3) neomorphic mutations, which map to the exterior surface, increase MT stability, and cause ectopic neurite growth. Structure-function analysis reveals a causal relationship between tubulin structure and MT stability. This stability affects neuronal morphogenesis. As part of this analysis, we engineered several disease-associated human tubulin mutations into C. elegans genes and examined their impact on neuronal development at the cellular level. We also discovered an α-tubulin (TBA-7) that appears to destabilize MTs. Loss of TBA-7 led to the formation of hyperstable MTs and the generation of ectopic neurites; the lack of potential sites for polyamination and polyglutamination on TBA-7 may be responsible for this destabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaogu Zheng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | | | - Ken C Q Nguyen
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - David H Hall
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Martin Chalfie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
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De Lima AR, Noris-Suárez K, Bretaña A, Contreras VT, Navarro MC, Pérez-Ybarra L, Bubis J. Growth arrest and morphological changes triggered by emodin on Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes cultivated in axenic medium. Biochimie 2017; 142:31-40. [PMID: 28803999 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Emodin is an anthraquinone obtained from Rheum palmatum rootstocks. Here we tested the cytotoxic effects of emodin on Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes, as well as the morphological changes that were induced by this compound in the parasite. Emodin was permeable and blocked in vitro cell division of T. cruzi epimastigotes in axenic medium, causing growth arrest in a dose-dependent but reversible manner. Emodin-exposed epimastigotes underwent duplication of organelles, such as the nucleus, kinetoplast and flagellum, but were incapable of completing cytokinesis. Neither elongation of the parasite body nor appearance of the regular longitudinal cleavage furrow was displayed, suggesting that emodin is most likely affecting components of the parasite cytoskeleton. Moreover, drug-treated parasites acquired alterations such as protuberances, folds and indentations on their membrane surface. Since emodin has been shown to be a potent protein kinase CK2 inhibitor, and we have previously described an association between tubulin and CK2 in T. cruzi epimastigotes (De Lima et al. Parasitology132, 511-523, 2006), we also measured the indirect effect of the drug on tubulin. Incubation of epimastigotes with axenic medium containing emodin hindered the endogenous phosphorylation of tubulin in whole-cell parasite extracts. All our results suggested that the parasite CK2 may be important for the maintenance of the morphology and for the regulation of mitosis-cytokinesis transition in T. cruzi epimastigotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R De Lima
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Caracas, Venezuela; Laboratorio de Protozoología, Instituto BioMolP, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo, Valencia, Venezuela.
| | - Karem Noris-Suárez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Caracas, Venezuela.
| | - Antonio Bretaña
- Laboratorio de Microscopía Electrónica, Centro de Estudios Biomédicos y Veterinarios, Instituto de Estudios Científicos y Tecnológicos IDECYT, Universidad Nacional Experimental Simón Rodríguez, Caracas, Venezuela.
| | - Victor T Contreras
- Laboratorio de Protozoología, Instituto BioMolP, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo, Valencia, Venezuela.
| | - Maria C Navarro
- Laboratorio de Protozoología, Instituto BioMolP, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo, Valencia, Venezuela.
| | - Luis Pérez-Ybarra
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Escuela de Bioanálisis, Universidad de Carabobo, Sede Aragua, Maracay, Venezuela.
| | - José Bubis
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Caracas, Venezuela.
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