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Akera T. Tubulin post-translational modifications in meiosis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 137:38-45. [PMID: 34836784 PMCID: PMC9124733 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Haploid gametes are produced from diploid parents through meiosis, a process inherent to all sexually reproducing eukaryotes. Faithful chromosome segregation in meiosis is essential for reproductive success, although it is less clear how the meiotic spindle achieves this compared to the mitotic spindle. It is becoming increasingly clear that tubulin post-translational modifications (PTMs) play critical roles in regulating microtubule functions in many biological processes, and meiosis is no exception. Here, I review recent advances in the understanding of tubulin PTMs in meiotic spindles, especially focusing on their roles in spindle integrity, oocyte aging, and non-Mendelian transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Akera
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda 20892, MD, USA.
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Diaferia GR, Jimenez-Caliani AJ, Ranjitkar P, Yang W, Hardiman G, Rhodes CJ, Crisa L, Cirulli V. β1 integrin is a crucial regulator of pancreatic β-cell expansion. Development 2013; 140:3360-72. [PMID: 23863477 DOI: 10.1242/dev.098533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Development of the endocrine compartment of the pancreas, as represented by the islets of Langerhans, occurs through a series of highly regulated events encompassing branching of the pancreatic epithelium, delamination and differentiation of islet progenitors from ductal domains, followed by expansion and three-dimensional organization into islet clusters. Cellular interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM) mediated by receptors of the integrin family are postulated to regulate key functions in these processes. Yet, specific events regulated by these receptors in the developing pancreas remain unknown. Here, we show that ablation of the β1 integrin gene in developing pancreatic β-cells reduces their ability to expand during embryonic life, during the first week of postnatal life, and thereafter. Mice lacking β1 integrin in insulin-producing cells exhibit a dramatic reduction of the number of β-cells to only ∼18% of wild-type levels. Despite the significant reduction in β-cell mass, these mutant mice are not diabetic. A thorough phenotypic analysis of β-cells lacking β1 integrin revealed a normal expression repertoire of β-cell markers, normal architectural organization within islet clusters, and a normal ultrastructure. Global gene expression analysis revealed that ablation of this ECM receptor in β-cells inhibits the expression of genes regulating cell cycle progression. Collectively, our results demonstrate that β1 integrin receptors function as crucial positive regulators of β-cell expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe R Diaferia
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Via Adamello 16 20139, Milan, Italy
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Kantawong F, Burgess KE, Jayawardena K, Hart A, Burchmore RJ, Gadegaard N, Oreffo RO, Dalby MJ. Whole proteome analysis of osteoprogenitor differentiation induced by disordered nanotopography and mediated by ERK signalling. Biomaterials 2009; 30:4723-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2009] [Accepted: 05/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Dal Piaz F, Vassallo A, Lepore L, Tosco A, Bader A, De Tommasi N. Sesterterpenes as Tubulin Tyrosine Ligase Inhibitors. First Insight of Structure−Activity Relationships and Discovery of New Lead. J Med Chem 2009; 52:3814-28. [DOI: 10.1021/jm801637f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Dal Piaz
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy, and Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah Private University of Jordan, P.O. Box 130, 11733 Amman, Jordan
| | - Antonio Vassallo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy, and Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah Private University of Jordan, P.O. Box 130, 11733 Amman, Jordan
| | - Laura Lepore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy, and Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah Private University of Jordan, P.O. Box 130, 11733 Amman, Jordan
| | - Alessandra Tosco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy, and Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah Private University of Jordan, P.O. Box 130, 11733 Amman, Jordan
| | - Ammar Bader
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy, and Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah Private University of Jordan, P.O. Box 130, 11733 Amman, Jordan
| | - Nunziatina De Tommasi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy, and Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah Private University of Jordan, P.O. Box 130, 11733 Amman, Jordan
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Phung AD, Soucek K, Kubala L, Harper RW, Chloë Bulinski J, Eiserich JP. Posttranslational nitrotyrosination of α-tubulin induces cell cycle arrest and inhibits proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Eur J Cell Biol 2006; 85:1241-52. [PMID: 17118269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2006.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2006] [Revised: 05/03/2006] [Accepted: 05/05/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperproliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells is a hallmark of atherosclerosis and related vascular complications. Microtubules are important for many aspects of mammalian cell responses including growth, migration and signaling. alpha-Tubulin, a component of the microtubule cytoskeleton, is unique amongst cellular proteins in that it undergoes a reversible posttranslational modification whereby the C-terminal tyrosine residue is removed (Glu-tubulin) and re-added (Tyr-tubulin). Whereas the reversible detyrosination/tyrosination cycle of alpha-tubulin has been implicated in regulating various aspects of cell biology, the precise function of this posttranslational modification has remained poorly characterized. Herein, we provide evidence suggesting that alpha-tubulin detyrosination is a required event in the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Proliferation of rat aortic smooth muscle cells in response to serum was temporally associated with the detyrosination of alpha-tubulin, but not acetylation of alpha-tubulin; Glu-tubulin reached maximal levels between 12 and 18h following cell cycle initiation. Inclusion of 3-nitro-l-tyrosine (NO(2)Tyr) in the culture medium resulted in the selective nitrotyrosination of alpha-tubulin, that was paralleled by decreased elaboration of Glu-tubulin, decreased expression of cyclins A and E, decreased association of the microtubule plus-end binding protein EB1, and inhibited cell proliferation. Nitrotyrosination of alpha-tubulin did not induce necrotic or apoptotic death of rat aortic smooth muscle cells, but instead led to cell cycle arrest at the G(1)/S boundary coincident with decreased DNA synthesis. Collectively, these results suggest that the C-terminus of alpha-tubulin and its detyrosination are functionally important as a molecular switch that regulates cell cycle progression in vascular smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh D Phung
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Lapasset L, Pradet-Balade B, Lozano JC, Peaucellier G, Picard A. Nuclear envelope breakdown may deliver an inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1 which triggers cyclin B translation in starfish oocytes. Dev Biol 2005; 285:200-10. [PMID: 16081061 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2005] [Revised: 06/03/2005] [Accepted: 06/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In vertebrates, enhanced translation of mRNAs in oocytes and early embryos entering M-phase is thought to occur through polyadenylation, involving binding, hyperphosphorylation and proteolytic degradation of Aurora-activated CPEB. In starfish, an unknown component of the oocyte nucleus is required for cyclin B synthesis following the release of G2/prophase block by hormonal stimulation. We have found that CPEB cannot be hyperphosphorylated following hormonal stimulation in starfish oocytes from which the nucleus has been removed. Activation of Aurora kinase, known to interact with protein phosphatase 1 and its specific inhibitor Inh-2, is also prevented. The microinjection of Inh-2 restores Aurora activation, CPEB hyperphosphorylation and cyclin B translation in enucleated oocytes. Nevertheless, we provide evidence that CPEB is in fact hyperphosphorylated by cdc2, without apparent involvement of Aurora or MAP kinase, and that cyclin B synthesis can be stimulated without previous degradation of phosphorylated CPEB. Thus, the regulation of cyclin B synthesis necessary for progression through meiosis can be explained by an equilibrium between CPEB phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, and both aspects of this control may rely on the sole activation of Cdc2 and subsequent nuclear breakdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Lapasset
- Laboratoire Arago, UMR 7628, CNRS and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, BP 44, F 66651 Banyuls-sur-mer, France
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Eichenlaub-Ritter U, Vogt E, Yin H, Gosden R. Spindles, mitochondria and redox potential in ageing oocytes. Reprod Biomed Online 2004; 8:45-58. [PMID: 14759287 DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60497-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Studies of human oocytes obtained from women of advanced reproductive age revealed that spindles are frequently aberrant, with chromosomes sometimes failing to align properly at the equator during meiosis I and II. Chromosomal analyses of donated and spare human oocytes and cytogenetic and molecular studies on the origin of trisomies collectively suggest that errors in chromosome segregation during oogenesis increase with advancing maternal age and as the menopause approaches. Disturbances in the fidelity of chromosome segregation, especially at anaphase I, leading to aneuploidy are prime causes of reduced developmental competence of embryos in assisted reproduction, as well as being responsible for the genesis of genetic disease. This review provides an overview of spindle formation and chromosome behaviour in mammalian oocytes. Evidence of a link between abnormal mitochondrial function in oocytes and somatic follicular cells, and finally disturbances in chromosome cohesion and segregation, and cell cycle control in aged mammalian oocytes, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Eichenlaub-Ritter
- Institute of Gene Technology/Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany.
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