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Maurizy C, Abeza C, Lemmers B, Gabola M, Longobardi C, Pinet V, Ferrand M, Paul C, Bremond J, Langa F, Gerbe F, Jay P, Verheggen C, Tinari N, Helmlinger D, Lattanzio R, Bertrand E, Hahne M, Pradet-Balade B. Author Correction: The HSP90/R2TP assembly chaperone promotes cell proliferation in the intestinal epithelium. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6200. [PMID: 36261420 PMCID: PMC9581940 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33519-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Maurizy
- IGMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Equipe labélisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Claire Abeza
- IGMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Equipe labélisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Francina Langa
- Centre d'Ingénierie Génétique Murine, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - François Gerbe
- Equipe labélisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.,IGF, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Jay
- Equipe labélisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.,IGF, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Céline Verheggen
- IGMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Equipe labélisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.,IGH, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicola Tinari
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Rossano Lattanzio
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Edouard Bertrand
- IGMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France. .,Equipe labélisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France. .,IGH, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
| | | | - Bérengère Pradet-Balade
- Equipe labélisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France. .,CRBM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
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2
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Maurizy C, Abeza C, Lemmers B, Gabola M, Longobardi C, Pinet V, Ferrand M, Paul C, Bremond J, Langa F, Gerbe F, Jay P, Verheggen C, Tinari N, Helmlinger D, Lattanzio R, Bertrand E, Hahne M, Pradet-Balade B. The HSP90/R2TP assembly chaperone promotes cell proliferation in the intestinal epithelium. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4810. [PMID: 34376666 PMCID: PMC8355188 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24792-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The R2TP chaperone cooperates with HSP90 to integrate newly synthesized proteins into multi-subunit complexes, yet its role in tissue homeostasis is unknown. Here, we generated conditional, inducible knock-out mice for Rpap3 to inactivate this core component of R2TP in the intestinal epithelium. In adult mice, Rpap3 invalidation caused destruction of the small intestinal epithelium and death within 10 days. Levels of R2TP substrates decreased, with strong effects on mTOR, ATM and ATR. Proliferative stem cells and progenitors deficient for Rpap3 failed to import RNA polymerase II into the nucleus and they induced p53, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Post-mitotic, differentiated cells did not display these alterations, suggesting that R2TP clients are preferentially built in actively proliferating cells. In addition, high RPAP3 levels in colorectal tumors from patients correlate with bad prognosis. Here, we show that, in the intestine, the R2TP chaperone plays essential roles in normal and tumoral proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Maurizy
- IGMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
- Equipe labélisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Claire Abeza
- IGMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
- Equipe labélisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Francina Langa
- Centre d'Ingénierie Génétique Murine, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - François Gerbe
- Equipe labélisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- IGF, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Jay
- Equipe labélisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- IGF, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Céline Verheggen
- IGMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
- Equipe labélisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- IGH, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicola Tinari
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Rossano Lattanzio
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Edouard Bertrand
- IGMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
- Equipe labélisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.
- IGH, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
| | | | - Bérengère Pradet-Balade
- Equipe labélisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.
- CRBM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
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3
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Maurizy C, Quinternet M, Abel Y, Verheggen C, Santo PE, Bourguet M, C F Paiva A, Bragantini B, Chagot ME, Robert MC, Abeza C, Fabre P, Fort P, Vandermoere F, M F Sousa P, Rain JC, Charpentier B, Cianférani S, Bandeiras TM, Pradet-Balade B, Manival X, Bertrand E. The RPAP3-Cterminal domain identifies R2TP-like quaternary chaperones. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2093. [PMID: 29844425 PMCID: PMC5974087 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04431-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
R2TP is an HSP90 co-chaperone that assembles important macro-molecular machineries. It is composed of an RPAP3-PIH1D1 heterodimer, which binds the two essential AAA+ATPases RUVBL1/RUVBL2. Here, we resolve the structure of the conserved C-terminal domain of RPAP3, and we show that it directly binds RUVBL1/RUVBL2 hexamers. The human genome encodes two other proteins bearing RPAP3-C-terminal-like domains and three containing PIH-like domains. Systematic interaction analyses show that one RPAP3-like protein, SPAG1, binds PIH1D2 and RUVBL1/2 to form an R2TP-like complex termed R2SP. This co-chaperone is enriched in testis and among 68 of the potential clients identified, some are expressed in testis and others are ubiquitous. One substrate is liprin-α2, which organizes large signaling complexes. Remarkably, R2SP is required for liprin-α2 expression and for the assembly of liprin-α2 complexes, indicating that R2SP functions in quaternary protein folding. Effects are stronger at 32 °C, suggesting that R2SP could help compensating the lower temperate of testis. R2TP is an HSP90 co-chaperone composed of an RPAP3-PIH1D1 heterodimer, which binds two essential AAA+ ATPases RUVBL1/RUVBL2. Here authors use a structural approach to study RPAP3 and find an RPAP3-like protein (SPAG1) which also forms a co-chaperone complex with PIH1D2 and RUVBL1/2 enriched in testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Maurizy
- IGMM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, 34293, France.,Equipe labélisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Marc Quinternet
- CNRS, INSERM, IBSLOR, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, F-54000, France
| | - Yoann Abel
- IGMM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, 34293, France.,Equipe labélisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Céline Verheggen
- IGMM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, 34293, France.,Equipe labélisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Paulo E Santo
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, Oeiras, 2781-901, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Oeiras, 2780-157, Portugal
| | - Maxime Bourguet
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Ana C F Paiva
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, Oeiras, 2781-901, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Oeiras, 2780-157, Portugal
| | | | | | - Marie-Cécile Robert
- IGMM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, 34293, France.,Equipe labélisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Abeza
- IGMM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, 34293, France.,Equipe labélisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Fabre
- CNRS, IMoPA, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, F-54000, France
| | - Philippe Fort
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende, Montpellier, 34090, France
| | | | - Pedro M F Sousa
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, Oeiras, 2781-901, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Oeiras, 2780-157, Portugal
| | | | | | - Sarah Cianférani
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Tiago M Bandeiras
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, Oeiras, 2781-901, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Oeiras, 2780-157, Portugal
| | | | - Xavier Manival
- CNRS, IMoPA, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, F-54000, France.
| | - Edouard Bertrand
- IGMM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, 34293, France. .,Equipe labélisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 34293, Montpellier, France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Verheggen
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Bérengère Pradet-Balade
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Edouard Bertrand
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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5
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Bizarro J, Charron C, Boulon S, Westman B, Pradet-Balade B, Vandermoere F, Chagot ME, Hallais M, Ahmad Y, Leonhardt H, Lamond A, Manival X, Branlant C, Charpentier B, Verheggen C, Bertrand E. Proteomic and 3D structure analyses highlight the C/D box snoRNP assembly mechanism and its control. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 207:463-80. [PMID: 25404746 PMCID: PMC4242836 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201404160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
During small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein complex assembly, a pre-snoRNP complex consisting only of protein components forms first, followed by displacement of the ZNHIT3 subunit when C/D snoRNAs bind and dynamic loading and unloading of RuvBL AAA+ ATPases. In vitro, assembly of box C/D small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins (snoRNPs) involves the sequential recruitment of core proteins to snoRNAs. In vivo, however, assembly factors are required (NUFIP, BCD1, and the HSP90–R2TP complex), and it is unknown whether a similar sequential scheme applies. In this paper, we describe systematic quantitative stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture proteomic experiments and the crystal structure of the core protein Snu13p/15.5K bound to a fragment of the assembly factor Rsa1p/NUFIP. This revealed several unexpected features: (a) the existence of a protein-only pre-snoRNP complex containing five assembly factors and two core proteins, 15.5K and Nop58; (b) the characterization of ZNHIT3, which is present in the protein-only complex but gets released upon binding to C/D snoRNAs; (c) the dynamics of the R2TP complex, which appears to load/unload RuvBL AAA+ adenosine triphosphatase from pre-snoRNPs; and (d) a potential mechanism for preventing premature activation of snoRNP catalytic activity. These data provide a framework for understanding the assembly of box C/D snoRNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Bizarro
- Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5535, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Christophe Charron
- Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7365, Université de Lorraine, Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, 54505 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Séverine Boulon
- Centre de Recherches de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5237, 34293 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Belinda Westman
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Bérengère Pradet-Balade
- Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5535, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Franck Vandermoere
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, F-34000 Montpellier, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U661, F-34000 Montpellier, France Unité Mixte de Recherche 5203, Université de Montpellier 1 and Université de Montpellier 2, F-34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Marie-Eve Chagot
- Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7365, Université de Lorraine, Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, 54505 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Marie Hallais
- Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5535, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Yasmeen Ahmad
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Heinrich Leonhardt
- Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CiPS) and Department of Biology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CiPS) and Department of Biology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Angus Lamond
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Xavier Manival
- Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7365, Université de Lorraine, Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, 54505 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Christiane Branlant
- Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7365, Université de Lorraine, Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, 54505 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Bruno Charpentier
- Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7365, Université de Lorraine, Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, 54505 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Céline Verheggen
- Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5535, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Edouard Bertrand
- Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5535, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
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6
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Benbahouche NEH, Iliopoulos I, Török I, Marhold J, Henri J, Kajava AV, Farkaš R, Kempf T, Schnölzer M, Meyer P, Kiss I, Bertrand E, Mechler BM, Pradet-Balade B. Drosophila Spag is the homolog of RNA polymerase II-associated protein 3 (RPAP3) and recruits the heat shock proteins 70 and 90 (Hsp70 and Hsp90) during the assembly of cellular machineries. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:6236-47. [PMID: 24394412 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.499608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The R2TP is a recently identified Hsp90 co-chaperone, composed of four proteins as follows: Pih1D1, RPAP3, and the AAA(+)-ATPases RUVBL1 and RUVBL2. In mammals, the R2TP is involved in the biogenesis of cellular machineries such as RNA polymerases, small nucleolar ribonucleoparticles and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinases. Here, we characterize the spaghetti (spag) gene of Drosophila, the homolog of human RPAP3. This gene plays an essential function during Drosophila development. We show that Spag protein binds Drosophila orthologs of R2TP components and Hsp90, like its yeast counterpart. Unexpectedly, Spag also interacts and stimulates the chaperone activity of Hsp70. Using null mutants and flies with inducible RNAi, we show that spaghetti is necessary for the stabilization of snoRNP core proteins and target of rapamycin activity and likely the assembly of RNA polymerase II. This work highlights the strong conservation of both the HSP90/R2TP system and its clients and further shows that Spag, unlike Saccharomyces cerevisiae Tah1, performs essential functions in metazoans. Interaction of Spag with both Hsp70 and Hsp90 suggests a model whereby R2TP would accompany clients from Hsp70 to Hsp90 to facilitate their assembly into macromolecular complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour El Houda Benbahouche
- From the Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, UMR 5535 CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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7
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Boulon S, Bertrand E, Pradet-Balade B. HSP90 and the R2TP co-chaperone complex: building multi-protein machineries essential for cell growth and gene expression. RNA Biol 2012; 9:148-54. [PMID: 22418846 DOI: 10.4161/rna.18494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
HSP90 (Heat Shock Protein 90) is an essential chaperone involved in the last folding steps of client proteins. It has many clients, and these are often recognized through specific adaptors. Recently, the conserved R2TP complex was identified as a key HSP90 co-chaperone. Current evidences indicate that the HSP90/R2TP system assembles multi-molecular protein complexes. Strikingly, these comprise basic machineries of gene expression: (1) nuclear RNA polymerases; (2) the snoRNPs, essential to produce ribosomes; and (3) mTOR Complex 1 and 2, which control translational activity and cell growth. Another important substrate is the telomerase RNP, required for continuous cell proliferation. We discuss here the assembly of RNA polymerases in bacteria and eukaryotes, the role of HSP90/R2TP in this process and in the assembly of snoRNPs and the PIKK family of TORC1 kinase. Finally, we speculate on the roles of R2TP as a master regulator of cell growth under normal or pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Boulon
- Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, CNRS, Université Montpellier; Montpellier, France
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8
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Pradet-Balade B, Girard C, Boulon S, Paul C, Azzag K, Bordonné R, Bertrand E, Verheggen C. CRM1 controls the composition of nucleoplasmic pre-snoRNA complexes to licence them for nucleolar transport. EMBO J 2011; 30:2205-18. [PMID: 21522132 PMCID: PMC3117649 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2011.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Transport of C/D snoRNPs to nucleoli involves nuclear export factors. In particular, CRM1 binds nascent snoRNPs, but its precise role remains unknown. We show here that both CRM1 and nucleocytoplasmic trafficking are required to transport snoRNPs to nucleoli, but the snoRNPs do not transit through the cytoplasm. Instead, CRM1 controls the composition of nucleoplasmic pre-snoRNP complexes. We observed that Tgs1 long form (Tgs1 LF), the long isoform of the cap hypermethylase, contains a leucine-rich nuclear export signal, shuttles in a CRM1-dependent manner, and binds to the nucleolar localization signal (NoLS) of the core snoRNP protein Nop58. In vitro data indicate that CRM1 binds Tgs1 LF and promotes its dissociation from Nop58 NoLS, and immunoprecipitation experiments from cells indicate that the association of Tgs1 LF with snoRNPs increases upon CRM1 inhibition. Thus, CRM1 appears to promote nucleolar transport of snoRNPs by removing Tgs1 LF from the Nop58 NoLS. Microarray/IP data show that this occurs on most snoRNPs, from both C/D and H/ACA families, and on the telomerase RNA. Hence, CRM1 provides a general molecular link between nuclear events and nucleocytoplasmic trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bérengère Pradet-Balade
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, UMR 5535 CNRS, Université Montpellier I and II, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Cyrille Girard
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, UMR 5535 CNRS, Université Montpellier I and II, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Séverine Boulon
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, UMR 5535 CNRS, Université Montpellier I and II, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Conception Paul
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, UMR 5535 CNRS, Université Montpellier I and II, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Karim Azzag
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, UMR 5535 CNRS, Université Montpellier I and II, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Rémy Bordonné
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, UMR 5535 CNRS, Université Montpellier I and II, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Edouard Bertrand
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, UMR 5535 CNRS, Université Montpellier I and II, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Céline Verheggen
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, UMR 5535 CNRS, Université Montpellier I and II, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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9
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Boulon S, Pradet-Balade B, Verheggen C, Molle D, Boireau S, Georgieva M, Azzag K, Robert MC, Ahmad Y, Neel H, Lamond AI, Bertrand E. HSP90 and its R2TP/Prefoldin-like cochaperone are involved in the cytoplasmic assembly of RNA polymerase II. Mol Cell 2010; 39:912-924. [PMID: 20864038 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2010.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Revised: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
RNA polymerases are key multisubunit cellular enzymes. Microscopy studies indicated that RNA polymerase I assembles near its promoter. However, the mechanism by which RNA polymerase II is assembled from its 12 subunits remains unclear. We show here that RNA polymerase II subunits Rpb1 and Rpb3 accumulate in the cytoplasm when assembly is prevented and that nuclear import of Rpb1 requires the presence of all subunits. Using MS-based quantitative proteomics, we characterized assembly intermediates. These included a cytoplasmic complex containing subunits Rpb1 and Rpb8 associated with the HSP90 cochaperone hSpagh (RPAP3) and the R2TP/Prefoldin-like complex. Remarkably, HSP90 activity stabilized incompletely assembled Rpb1 in the cytoplasm. Our data indicate that RNA polymerase II is built in the cytoplasm and reveal quality-control mechanisms that link HSP90 to the nuclear import of fully assembled enzymes. hSpagh also bound the free RPA194 subunit of RNA polymerase I, suggesting a general role in assembling RNA polymerases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Boulon
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Bérengère Pradet-Balade
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier - UMR 5535 CNRS, Université Montpellier 2, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.,Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.,Université Montpellier 1, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Céline Verheggen
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier - UMR 5535 CNRS, Université Montpellier 2, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.,Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.,Université Montpellier 1, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Dorothée Molle
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier - UMR 5535 CNRS, Université Montpellier 2, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.,Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.,Université Montpellier 1, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Stéphanie Boireau
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier - UMR 5535 CNRS, Université Montpellier 2, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.,Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.,Université Montpellier 1, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Marya Georgieva
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier - UMR 5535 CNRS, Université Montpellier 2, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.,Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.,Université Montpellier 1, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Karim Azzag
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier - UMR 5535 CNRS, Université Montpellier 2, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.,Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.,Université Montpellier 1, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Marie-Cécile Robert
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier - UMR 5535 CNRS, Université Montpellier 2, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.,Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.,Université Montpellier 1, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Yasmeen Ahmad
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Henry Neel
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier - UMR 5535 CNRS, Université Montpellier 2, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.,Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Angus I Lamond
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Edouard Bertrand
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier - UMR 5535 CNRS, Université Montpellier 2, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.,Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.,Université Montpellier 1, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
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10
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Pradet-Balade B, Leberbauer C, Schweifer N, Boulmé F. Massive translational repression of gene expression during mouse erythroid differentiation. Biochim Biophys Acta 2010; 1799:630-41. [PMID: 20804875 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2010.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2010] [Revised: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We took advantage of a mouse erythroid differentiation system to determine the relative contribution of transcriptional and translational control during this process. Comparison of expression data obtained with total cytoplasmic mRNAs or polysome-bound mRNAs (actively translated mRNAs) on Affymetrix high-density oligonucleotide microarrays revealed different characteristics of the two regulatory mechanisms. Indeed, mRNA expression from a vast majority of genes was affected, albeit most changes were relatively small and occurred at a low pace. Translational control, however, affected a smaller fraction of genes but was effective at earlier time-points. This analysis unravels six clusters of genes showing no significant variation in mRNA expression levels whereas they are submitted to translational regulation. Their involvement in terminal mouse erythropoiesis may prove to be highly relevant. Furthermore, the data from specific and functional categories of genes emphasize that translational control, not only reinforces the transcriptional effect, but allows the cell to increase the complexity in gene expression regulation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bérengère Pradet-Balade
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia CNB-CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Lapasset L, Pradet-Balade B, Vergé V, Lozano JC, Oulhen N, Cormier P, Peaucellier G. Cyclin B synthesis and rapamycin-sensitive regulation of protein synthesis during starfish oocyte meiotic divisions. Mol Reprod Dev 2008; 75:1617-26. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.20905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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12
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Boulon S, Marmier-Gourrier N, Pradet-Balade B, Wurth L, Verheggen C, Jády BE, Rothé B, Pescia C, Robert MC, Kiss T, Bardoni B, Krol A, Branlant C, Allmang C, Bertrand E, Charpentier B. The Hsp90 chaperone controls the biogenesis of L7Ae RNPs through conserved machinery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 180:579-95. [PMID: 18268104 PMCID: PMC2234240 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200708110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins of the L7Ae family are at the heart of many essential ribonucleoproteins (RNPs), including box C/D and H/ACA small nucleolar RNPs, U4 small nuclear RNP, telomerase, and messenger RNPs coding for selenoproteins. In this study, we show that Nufip and its yeast homologue Rsa1 are key components of the machinery that assembles these RNPs. We observed that Rsa1 and Nufip bind several L7Ae proteins and tether them to other core proteins in the immature particles. Surprisingly, Rsa1 and Nufip also link assembling RNPs with the AAA + adenosine triphosphatases hRvb1 and hRvb2 and with the Hsp90 chaperone through two conserved adaptors, Tah1/hSpagh and Pih1. Inhibition of Hsp90 in human cells prevents the accumulation of U3, U4, and telomerase RNAs and decreases the levels of newly synthesized hNop58, hNHP2, 15.5K, and SBP2. Thus, Hsp90 may control the folding of these proteins during the formation of new RNPs. This suggests that Hsp90 functions as a master regulator of cell proliferation by allowing simultaneous control of cell signaling and cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Boulon
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5535, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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13
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Lapasset L, Pradet-Balade B, Lozano JC, Peaucellier G, Picard A. Nuclear envelope breakdown may deliver an inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1 which triggers cyclin B translation in starfish oocytes. Dev Biol 2005; 285:200-10. [PMID: 16081061 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2005] [Revised: 06/03/2005] [Accepted: 06/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In vertebrates, enhanced translation of mRNAs in oocytes and early embryos entering M-phase is thought to occur through polyadenylation, involving binding, hyperphosphorylation and proteolytic degradation of Aurora-activated CPEB. In starfish, an unknown component of the oocyte nucleus is required for cyclin B synthesis following the release of G2/prophase block by hormonal stimulation. We have found that CPEB cannot be hyperphosphorylated following hormonal stimulation in starfish oocytes from which the nucleus has been removed. Activation of Aurora kinase, known to interact with protein phosphatase 1 and its specific inhibitor Inh-2, is also prevented. The microinjection of Inh-2 restores Aurora activation, CPEB hyperphosphorylation and cyclin B translation in enucleated oocytes. Nevertheless, we provide evidence that CPEB is in fact hyperphosphorylated by cdc2, without apparent involvement of Aurora or MAP kinase, and that cyclin B synthesis can be stimulated without previous degradation of phosphorylated CPEB. Thus, the regulation of cyclin B synthesis necessary for progression through meiosis can be explained by an equilibrium between CPEB phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, and both aspects of this control may rely on the sole activation of Cdc2 and subsequent nuclear breakdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Lapasset
- Laboratoire Arago, UMR 7628, CNRS and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, BP 44, F 66651 Banyuls-sur-mer, France
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14
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Abstract
TWEAK and APRIL are both members of the tumor necrosis factor family, which are involved in respectively angiogenesis and immune regulation. While TWEAK is processed at the cell surface, APRIL is processed inside the cell by a furin-convertase and is solely able to perform its function as a soluble factor. Recently, TWE-PRIL has been identified, which is an endogenous hybrid transcript between TWEAK and APRIL. TWE-PRIL is a transmembrane protein that consists of a TWEAK intracellular, transmembrane and stalk region combined with APRIL as its receptor-binding domain. As such TWE-PRIL is expressed at the cell surface. Although TWE-PRIL, like APRIL, can stimulate T and B cell lines, distinct biological functions that may result from its membrane anchoring cannot be excluded. Understanding the function of this newly identified protein will contribute to the elucidation of the complexity of the tumor necrosis factor family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geertruida M Kolfschoten
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2a, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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15
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Sanjuán MA, Pradet-Balade B, Jones DR, Martínez-A C, Stone JC, Garcia-Sanz JA, Mérida I. T cell activation in vivo targets diacylglycerol kinase alpha to the membrane: a novel mechanism for Ras attenuation. J Immunol 2003; 170:2877-83. [PMID: 12626538 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.170.6.2877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) phosphorylates diacylglycerol to produce phosphatidic acid, leading to decreased and increased levels, respectively, of these two lipid messengers that play a central role in T cell activation. Nine DGK isoforms, grouped into five subtypes, are found in higher organisms; all contain a conserved C-terminal domain and at least two cysteine-rich motifs of unknown function. In this study, we have researched in vivo the regulation of DGK alpha, using a transgenic mouse model in which injection of an antigenic peptide activates the majority of peripheral T cells. We demonstrate that DGK alpha, highly expressed in resting T lymphocytes, is subject to complex control at the mRNA and protein levels during in vivo T cell activation. Subcellular fractionation of T lymphocytes shortly after in vivo engagement of the TCR shows rapid translocation of cytosolic DGK alpha to the membrane fraction. At early time points, DGK alpha translocation to the membrane correlates with rapid translocation of Ras guanyl nucleotide-releasing protein (RasGRP), a nucleotide exchange activator for Ras that associates to the membrane through a diacylglycerol-binding domain. To demonstrate a causal relationship between DGK alpha activity and RasGRP relocation to the membrane, we determined RasGRP translocation kinetics in a T cell line transiently transfected with constitutive active and dominant-negative DGK alpha mutants. We show that membrane localization of DGK alpha is associated with a negative regulatory signal for Ras activation by reversing RasGRP translocation. This study is the first demonstration of in vivo regulation of DGK alpha, and provides new insight into the functional role of a member of this family of lipid kinases in the regulation of the immune response.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CD28 Antigens/immunology
- CD28 Antigens/metabolism
- CD28 Antigens/physiology
- Cell Membrane/enzymology
- Cell Membrane/immunology
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Diacylglycerol Kinase/biosynthesis
- Diacylglycerol Kinase/genetics
- Diacylglycerol Kinase/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors
- Humans
- Isoenzymes/biosynthesis
- Isoenzymes/genetics
- Isoenzymes/metabolism
- Jurkat Cells
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Membrane Proteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Protein Transport/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/physiology
- T-Lymphocytes/enzymology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- ras Proteins/metabolism
- ras-GRF1/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Sanjuán
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
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16
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Pradet-Balade B, Medema J, López-Fraga M, Lozano J, Kolfschoten G, Picard A, Martínez-A. C, Garcia-Sanz J, Hahne M. An endogenous hybrid mRNA encodes TWE-PRIL, a functional cell surface TWEAK-APRIL fusion protein. EMBO J 2002; 21:5711-20. [PMID: 12411489 PMCID: PMC131062 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/cdf565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
TWEAK and APRIL are two recently identified tumour necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family members, implicated in angiogenesis and immune regulation, respectively. TWEAK is a transmembrane protein expressed on the cell surface, whereas APRIL acts solely as a secreted factor. In this report, using RACE, RT-PCR, cDNA library screening and an RNase protection assay, we characterize a hybrid transcript between TWEAK and APRIL mRNAs. The encoded TWE-PRIL protein is composed of TWEAK cytoplasmic and transmembrane domains fused to the APRIL C-terminal domain. TWE-PRIL mRNA is expressed and translated in human primary T cells and monocytes, and endogenous TWE-PRIL protein was detected in primary human T lymphocytes and monocytic cell lines. TWE-PRIL is membrane anchored and presents the APRIL receptor-binding domain at the cell surface. It is a biologically active ligand, as it stimulates cycling in T- and B-lymphoma cell lines. Much like membrane-bound and secreted TNF-alpha, the different cellular localizations of TWE-PRIL and APRIL suggest that they exert distinct biological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J.P. Medema
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, E-28049 Madrid, Spain,
Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2a, 2333ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands and Observatoire de Banyuls, UMR 7628/CNRS, Laboratoire Arago, F-66650 Banyuls-sur-mer, France Corresponding authors e-mail: or J.P.Medema and M.López-Fraga contributed equally to this work J.A.Garcia-Sanz and M.Hahne should be regarded as senior co-authors
| | | | - J.C. Lozano
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, E-28049 Madrid, Spain,
Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2a, 2333ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands and Observatoire de Banyuls, UMR 7628/CNRS, Laboratoire Arago, F-66650 Banyuls-sur-mer, France Corresponding authors e-mail: or J.P.Medema and M.López-Fraga contributed equally to this work J.A.Garcia-Sanz and M.Hahne should be regarded as senior co-authors
| | - G.M. Kolfschoten
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, E-28049 Madrid, Spain,
Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2a, 2333ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands and Observatoire de Banyuls, UMR 7628/CNRS, Laboratoire Arago, F-66650 Banyuls-sur-mer, France Corresponding authors e-mail: or J.P.Medema and M.López-Fraga contributed equally to this work J.A.Garcia-Sanz and M.Hahne should be regarded as senior co-authors
| | - A. Picard
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, E-28049 Madrid, Spain,
Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2a, 2333ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands and Observatoire de Banyuls, UMR 7628/CNRS, Laboratoire Arago, F-66650 Banyuls-sur-mer, France Corresponding authors e-mail: or J.P.Medema and M.López-Fraga contributed equally to this work J.A.Garcia-Sanz and M.Hahne should be regarded as senior co-authors
| | | | - J.A. Garcia-Sanz
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, E-28049 Madrid, Spain,
Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2a, 2333ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands and Observatoire de Banyuls, UMR 7628/CNRS, Laboratoire Arago, F-66650 Banyuls-sur-mer, France Corresponding authors e-mail: or J.P.Medema and M.López-Fraga contributed equally to this work J.A.Garcia-Sanz and M.Hahne should be regarded as senior co-authors
| | - M. Hahne
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, E-28049 Madrid, Spain,
Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2a, 2333ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands and Observatoire de Banyuls, UMR 7628/CNRS, Laboratoire Arago, F-66650 Banyuls-sur-mer, France Corresponding authors e-mail: or J.P.Medema and M.López-Fraga contributed equally to this work J.A.Garcia-Sanz and M.Hahne should be regarded as senior co-authors
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17
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Sauvonnet N, Pradet-Balade B, Garcia-Sanz JA, Cornelis GR. Regulation of mRNA expression in macrophages after Yersinia enterocolitica infection. Role of different Yop effectors. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:25133-42. [PMID: 12006597 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m203239200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Yop virulon, which comprises a complete type III secretion system and secreted proteins, allows bacteria from the genus Yersinia to resist the nonspecific immune response of the host. This virulon, which is encoded by a plasmid called pYV in Yersinia enterocolitica, enables extracellular bacteria to inject six Yop effectors (YopE, -H, -T, -O, -P, -M) into the host cell. To investigate the role of YopP, YopM, and the other pYV-encoded factors on the expression of the host cell genes, we characterized the transcriptome alterations in infected mouse macrophages using the microarray technique. PU5-1.8 macrophages were infected either with an avirulent (pYV(-)), a wild type (pYV(+)), or two knockout (yopP(-) and yopM(-)) mutants of Y. enterocolitica. Expression alterations in response to Y. enterocolitica infection were monitored for 6657 genes. Among those, 857 genes were affected, 339 of which were specifically regulated by the action of the Yop virulon. Further analysis of those 339 genes allowed identification of specific targets of YopP, YopM, or the other pYV-encoded factors. According to these results, the main action of the Yop virulon is to counteract the host cell pro-inflammatory response to the infection. YopP participates to this inhibition, whereas another pYV-encoded factor appears to also be involved in this down-regulation. Besides, YopM was found to induce the regulation of genes involved in cell cycle and cell growth, revealing for the first time an in vitro effect for YopM. In addition to YopM, other pYV factors distinct from YopP affected the expression of genes involved in cycling. In conclusion, these results provide new insight into the mechanisms of Yersinia pathogenicity by identifying the changes in host genes expression after infection and highlight the concerted actions of the different Yop effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Sauvonnet
- Microbial Pathogenesis Unit, Christian de Duve Institute of Cellular Pathology and Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
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18
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Grolleau A, Bowman J, Pradet-Balade B, Puravs E, Hanash S, Garcia-Sanz JA, Beretta L. Global and specific translational control by rapamycin in T cells uncovered by microarrays and proteomics. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:22175-84. [PMID: 11943782 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m202014200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapamycin has been shown to affect translation. We have utilized two complementary approaches to identify genes that are predominantly affected by rapamycin in Jurkat T cells. One was to compare levels of polysome-bound and total RNA using oligonucleotide microarrays complementary to 6,300 human genes. Another was to determine protein synthesis levels using two-dimensional PAGE. Analysis of expression changes at the polysome-bound RNA levels showed that translation of most of the expressed genes was partially reduced following rapamycin treatment. However, translation of 136 genes (6% of the expressed genes) was totally inhibited. This group included genes encoding RNA-binding proteins and several proteasome subunit members. Translation of a set of 159 genes (7%) was largely unaffected by rapamycin treatment. These genes included transcription factors, kinases, phosphatases, and members of the RAS superfamily. Analysis of [(35)S]methionine-labeled proteins from the same cell populations using two-dimensional PAGE showed that the integrated intensity of 111 of 830 protein spots changed in rapamycin-treated cells by at least 3-fold (70 increased, 41 decreased). We identified 22 affected protein spots representing protein products of 16 genes. The combined microarray and proteomic approach has uncovered novel genes affected by rapamycin that may be involved in its immunosuppressive effect and other genes that are not affected at the level of translation in a context of general inhibition of cap-dependent translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Grolleau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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19
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Burel C, Boujard T, Kaushik SJ, Boeuf G, Mol KA, Van der Geyten S, Darras VM, Kühn ER, Pradet-Balade B, Quérat B, Quinsac A, Krouti M, Ribaillier D. Effects of rapeseed meal-glucosinolates on thyroid metabolism and feed utilization in rainbow trout. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2001; 124:343-58. [PMID: 11742518 DOI: 10.1006/gcen.2001.7723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two rapeseed meals (RM1 and RM2), containing glucosinolates at a concentration of 26 and 40 micromol/g, respectively, were incorporated at increasing levels (10, 20, and 30% for RM1 and 30 and 50% for RM2) in diets of juvenile rainbow trout. Disturbances in the thyroid axis appeared after 14 days of feeding (with a dietary incorporation level of 10%). The dietary supplementation with T(3) or iodine induced an increase in plasma T(3) levels, compared to that in fish fed the RM diets, and reduced the deleterious effect of RM on growth. When trout were reared in seawater, there was also a slight increase in thyroid hormone levels. TSH treatment had no effect on the thyroid hormone plasma levels. The incorporation of 30% of RM1, which induced a lower dietary content of toxic compounds than RM2, led to a rapid decrease of plasma T(4) and T(3) levels, but growth was affected only after 6 months of feeding. During these studies, the deiodinase activities responded in a complex manner to restore plasma and tissue levels of T(3).
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Affiliation(s)
- C Burel
- Unité mixte INRA-IFREMER de Nutrition des Poissons, Station d'Hydrobiologie INRA, 64310 Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
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20
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Pradet-Balade B, Boulmé F, Müllner EW, Garcia-Sanz JA. Reliability of mRNA profiling: verification for samples with different complexities. Biotechniques 2001; 30:1352-7. [PMID: 11414229 DOI: 10.2144/01306rr03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Normalization of mRNA profiling data remains an open issue, which turns critical when comparing divergent samples or mRNA populations with different complexities. To address this question, we generated samples with different RNA amounts and complexities by subcellular fractionation of cytoplasmic RNA into the mutually exclusive ribosome-free and polysome-bound RNA pools. For each of the 563 mRNAs analyzed, the hybridization signal corresponding to the cytoplasmic sample equals the sum of signals from the ribosome-free plus the polysome-bound targets (cytoplasmic mRNA = ribosome-free mRNA + polysome-bound mRNA). This intuitive equation was fulfilled only after data normalization following "spiking" of the samples with an exogenous RNA. This is the first demonstration that spiking allows one to correct not only for differences in reaction efficiencies but also to reflect the variations in amount and complexity between the initial mRNA populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pradet-Balade
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia, Madrid, Spain
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21
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Abstract
mRNA profiling enables the expression levels of thousands of transcripts in a cell to be monitored simultaneously. Nevertheless, analyses in yeast and mammalian cells have demonstrated that mRNA levels alone are unreliable indicators of the corresponding protein abundances. This discrepancy between mRNA and protein levels argues for the relevance of additional control mechanisms besides transcription. As translational control is a major mechanism regulating gene expression, the use of translated mRNA in profiling experiments might depict the proteome more closely than does the use of total mRNA. This would combine the technical potential of genomics with the physiological relevance of proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pradet-Balade
- Dept of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología CNB-CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco de la UAM, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
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Mikulits W, Pradet-Balade B, Habermann B, Beug H, Garcia-Sanz JA, Müllner EW. Isolation of translationally controlled mRNAs by differential screening. FASEB J 2000; 14:1641-52. [PMID: 10928999 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14.11.1641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Translationalregulation plays an important role in the control of gene expression. Changes in translation initiation rates are the most common translation-regulating mechanisms, resulting in alterations in mRNA loading of ribosomes. This differential mobilization of mRNAs onto polyribosomes was used in differential screening to directly identify cDNAs whose transcripts are translationally controlled during antigenic stimulation of primary human T lymphocytes. Ribosome-free and polysome-bound mRNAs were prepared from quiescent and activated T cells and used as templates to synthesize four cDNA pools. These in turn were used as probes to hybridize four identical replicas of a T cell library or, alternatively, four cDNA arrays. Translational activation was indicated by redistribution of the hybridization signals from the ribosome-free fraction in resting T cells to the polysome-associated fraction in activated T cells. Translational repression corresponded to the opposite hybridization pattern. Fifty-two cDNAs were identified as translationally controlled by screening 472 genes in a cDNA array; 12 additional ones were obtained by screening a cDNA library. Several of the transcripts corresponded to mRNAs previously reported to be translationally controlled, thus validating the method. For the majority, however, such regulation had not yet been described. Translational control was verified for representative examples by demonstrating the redistribution of the corresponding mRNAs on polysome gradients in response to T cell activation. Our strategy therefore provides an efficient tool to directly isolate or identify translationally controlled mRNAs in a variety of physiological situations. Moreover, differential screening using arrays enables simultaneous analysis of both transcriptional and translational regulation, further enhancing the power of gene expression analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Mikulits
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, University of Vienna, Dr. Bohr-Gasse, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the causes of the high heterogeneity, in the number and the length, of the thyrotropin (TSH) beta mRNA in the European eel. Northern blot analysis showed that removal of the poly(A) tail did not affect this heterogeneity. PCR amplification on reverse-transcribed pituitary RNAs (RT) showed the main source of heterogeneity to be a highly variable region in the 3' untranslated region (UTR). PCR amplification of the 3' UTR from RTs and genomic DNAs demonstrated that the high variability reflected polymorphism within the eel TSH beta gene. Isolation and sequencing of 3' UTR amplification fragments showed that the variable region comprised more or less exact repetitions of a 26-42-bp fragment. The number of repetitions varied from one allele to another. This variable region could be characterized as a minisatellite. In conclusion, instability of a minisatellite in the 3' UTR of the TSH beta gene generated the multiple and widely differing TSH beta mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pradet-Balade
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Générale et Comparée, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, URA CNRS 90, 7, rue Cuvier, 75231, Paris, cedex 05, France
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24
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Abstract
The effects of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) on alpha and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) beta subunit mRNA pituitary levels were examined in a teleost, the European silver eel. Northern blot analysis showed that the number and length of mRNAs encoding TSH beta varied among individuals, a variability apparently not related to thyroidal status. When several bands were present, their intensities were summed for quantitative analysis. Increasing circulating thyroid hormones (THs) by implantation of T3 or T4 significantly decreased TSH beta mRNA levels. Depression of circulating THs by thiourea treatment increased alpha and TSH beta mRNA levels. In vitro studies showed that T3 and T4 decrease TSH beta mRNA levels in primary cultures of eel pituitary cells. In conclusion, in vivo and in vitro experiments indicate that T3 and T4 exert a negative feedback action on pituitary TSH beta mRNA level in the European eel and that this effect might be exerted, at least partly, through a direct action on the pituitary.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pradet-Balade
- URA CNRS 90, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 7 rue Cuvier, Paris Cedex 05, 75231, France
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