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Brunetti NS, Davanzo GG, de Moraes D, Ferrari AJR, Souza GF, Muraro SP, Knittel TL, Boldrini VO, Monteiro LB, Virgílio-da-Silva JV, Profeta GS, Wassano NS, Nunes Santos L, Carregari VC, Dias AHS, Veras FP, Tavares LA, Forato J, Castro IMS, Silva-Costa LC, Palma AC, Mansour E, Ulaf RG, Bernardes AF, Nunes TA, Ribeiro LC, Agrela MV, Moretti ML, Buscaratti LI, Crunfli F, Ludwig RG, Gerhardt JA, Munhoz-Alves N, Marques AM, Sesti-Costa R, Amorim MR, Toledo-Teixeira DA, Parise PL, Martini MC, Bispos-Dos-Santos K, Simeoni CL, Granja F, Silvestrini VC, de Oliveira EB, Faca VM, Carvalho M, Castelucci BG, Pereira AB, Coimbra LD, Dias MMG, Rodrigues PB, Gomes ABSP, Pereira FB, Santos LMB, Bloyet LM, Stumpf S, Pontelli MC, Whelan S, Sposito AC, Carvalho RF, Vieira AS, Vinolo MAR, Damasio A, Velloso L, Figueira ACM, da Silva LLP, Cunha TM, Nakaya HI, Marques-Souza H, Marques RE, Martins-de-Souza D, Skaf MS, Proenca-Modena JL, Moraes-Vieira PMM, Mori MA, Farias AS. SARS-CoV-2 uses CD4 to infect T helper lymphocytes. eLife 2023; 12:e84790. [PMID: 37523305 PMCID: PMC10390044 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the agent of a major global outbreak of respiratory tract disease known as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 infects mainly lungs and may cause several immune-related complications, such as lymphocytopenia and cytokine storm, which are associated with the severity of the disease and predict mortality. The mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 infection may result in immune system dysfunction is still not fully understood. Here, we show that SARS-CoV-2 infects human CD4+ T helper cells, but not CD8+ T cells, and is present in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage T helper cells of severe COVID-19 patients. We demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (S) directly binds to the CD4 molecule, which in turn mediates the entry of SARS- CoV-2 in T helper cells. This leads to impaired CD4 T cell function and may cause cell death. SARS-CoV-2-infected T helper cells express higher levels of IL-10, which is associated with viral persistence and disease severity. Thus, CD4-mediated SARS-CoV-2 infection of T helper cells may contribute to a poor immune response in COVID-19 patients.
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Grants
- #2295/20 Fundo de Apoio ao Ensino, à Pesquisa e Extensão, Universidade Estadual de Campinas
- #2021/08354-2 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
- #2015/15626-8 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
- #2019/14465-1 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
- #465489/2014-1 Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Neuroimunomodulação
- #01.20.0003.00 Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
- #306248/2017-4 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
- #2019/17007-4 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
- #2019/04726-2 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
- #2319/20 Fundo de Apoio ao Ensino, à Pesquisa e Extensão, Universidade Estadual de Campinas
- #2274/20 Fundo de Apoio ao Ensino, à Pesquisa e Extensão, Universidade Estadual de Campinas
- #2266/20 Fundo de Apoio ao Ensino, à Pesquisa e Extensão, Universidade Estadual de Campinas
- #2458/20 Fundo de Apoio ao Ensino, à Pesquisa e Extensão, Universidade Estadual de Campinas
- #2019/16116-4 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
- #2019/06372-3 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
- #2020/04583-4 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
- #2013/08293-7 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
- #2020/04579-7 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
- #2018/14933-2 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
- #2020/04746-0 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
- #2019/00098-7 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
- #2020/04919-2 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
- #2017/01184-9 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
- #2020/04558-0 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
- #2016/00194-8 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
- #2016/18031- 8 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
- #2019/22398-2 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
- #2019/13552-8 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
- #2019/05155-9 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
- #2019/06459-1 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
- #2017/23920-9 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
- #2016/24163-4 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
- #2016/23328-0 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
- #310287/2018-9 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S Brunetti
- Autoimmune Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gustavo G Davanzo
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Diogo de Moraes
- Laboratory of Aging Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Allan J R Ferrari
- Institute of Chemistry and Center for Computing in Engineering and Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gabriela F Souza
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Stéfanie Primon Muraro
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Thiago L Knittel
- Laboratory of Aging Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Vinicius O Boldrini
- Autoimmune Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Lauar B Monteiro
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - João Victor Virgílio-da-Silva
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gerson S Profeta
- Laboratory of Aging Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Natália S Wassano
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Luana Nunes Santos
- Brazilian Laboratory on Silencing Technologies (BLaST), Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Victor C Carregari
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Artur H S Dias
- Institute of Chemistry and Center for Computing in Engineering and Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Flavio P Veras
- Center of Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto,, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas A Tavares
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Center for Virology Research, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Julia Forato
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Icaro M S Castro
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lícia C Silva-Costa
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - André C Palma
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Eli Mansour
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Raisa G Ulaf
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ana F Bernardes
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Thyago A Nunes
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Luciana C Ribeiro
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marcus V Agrela
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Moretti
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Lucas I Buscaratti
- Brazilian Laboratory on Silencing Technologies (BLaST), Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Crunfli
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Raissa G Ludwig
- Laboratory of Aging Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline A Gerhardt
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Natália Munhoz-Alves
- Autoimmune Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Marques
- Autoimmune Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Renata Sesti-Costa
- Autoimmune Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mariene R Amorim
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Daniel A Toledo-Teixeira
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Pierina Lorencini Parise
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Matheus Cavalheiro Martini
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Karina Bispos-Dos-Santos
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Camila L Simeoni
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Granja
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Virgínia C Silvestrini
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Eduardo B de Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Vitor M Faca
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Murilo Carvalho
- National Biosciences Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Bianca G Castelucci
- National Biosciences Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Alexandre B Pereira
- National Biosciences Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Laís D Coimbra
- National Biosciences Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marieli M G Dias
- National Biosciences Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Patricia B Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil;, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Arilson Bernardo S P Gomes
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil;, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Fabricio B Pereira
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Leonilda M B Santos
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM) - Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Louis-Marie Bloyet
- Washington University in St Louis, Department of Molecular Microbiology, St. Louis, United States
| | - Spencer Stumpf
- Washington University in St Louis, Department of Molecular Microbiology, St. Louis, United States
| | - Marjorie C Pontelli
- Washington University in St Louis, Department of Molecular Microbiology, St. Louis, United States
| | - Sean Whelan
- Washington University in St Louis, Department of Molecular Microbiology, St. Louis, United States
| | - Andrei C Sposito
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Arteriosclerosis, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Robson F Carvalho
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - André S Vieira
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology, Neurobiology and Behavior, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marco A R Vinolo
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil;, Campinas, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - André Damasio
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Licio Velloso
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina M Figueira
- National Biosciences Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Luis L P da Silva
- Center of Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago Mattar Cunha
- Center of Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto,, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helder I Nakaya
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henrique Marques-Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Brazilian Laboratory on Silencing Technologies (BLaST), Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rafael E Marques
- National Biosciences Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Daniel Martins-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Biomarkers for Neuropsychiatry (INCTINBION), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Munir S Skaf
- Institute of Chemistry and Center for Computing in Engineering and Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jose Luiz Proenca-Modena
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Pedro M M Moraes-Vieira
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A Mori
- Laboratory of Aging Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Alessandro S Farias
- Autoimmune Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Washington University in St Louis, Department of Molecular Microbiology, St. Louis, United States
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
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Pedersen JG, Egedal JH, Packard TA, Thavachelvam K, Xie G, van der Sluis RM, Greene WC, Roan NR, Jakobsen MR. Cell-Extrinsic Priming Increases Permissiveness of CD4+ T Cells to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection by Increasing C-C Chemokine Receptor Type 5 Co-receptor Expression and Cellular Activation Status. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:763030. [PMID: 34899645 PMCID: PMC8661899 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.763030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CCR5 is expressed on multiple cell types, including macrophages, dendritic cells, and T cells, and is the major co-receptor used during HIV transmission. Using a standard αCD3/CD28 in vitro stimulation protocol to render CD4+ T cells from PBMCs permissive to HIV infection, we discovered that the percentage of CCR5+ T cells was significantly elevated in CD4+ T cells when stimulated in the presence of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as compared to when stimulated as purified CD4+ T cells. This indicated that environmental factors unique to the T-PBMCs condition affect surface expression of CCR5 on CD4+ T cells. Conditioned media from αCD3/CD28-stimulated PBMCs induced CCR5 expression in cultures of unstimulated cells. Cytokine profile analysis of these media suggests IL-12 as an inducer of CCR5 expression. Mass cytometric analysis showed that stimulated T-PBMCs exhibited a uniquely activated phenotype compared to T-Pure. In line with increased CCR5 expression and activation status in stimulated T-PBMCs, CD4+ T cells from these cultures were more susceptible to infection by CCR5-tropic HIV-1 as compared with T-Pure cells. These results suggest that in order to increase ex vivo infection rates of blood-derived CD4+ T cells, standard stimulation protocols used in HIV infection studies should implement T-PBMCs or purified CD4+ T cells should be supplemented with IL-12.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johanne H Egedal
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Gladstone Institute of Virology, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Thomas A Packard
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Guorui Xie
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Renée Marije van der Sluis
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Warner C Greene
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Nadia R Roan
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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3
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Shin J, Nile A, Oh JW. Role of adaptin protein complexes in intracellular trafficking and their impact on diseases. Bioengineered 2021; 12:8259-8278. [PMID: 34565296 PMCID: PMC8806629 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1982846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptin proteins (APs) play a crucial role in intracellular cell trafficking. The 'classical' role of APs is carried out by AP1‒3, which bind to clathrin, cargo, and accessory proteins. Accordingly, AP1-3 are crucial for both vesicle formation and sorting. All APs consist of four subunits that are indispensable for their functions. In fact, based on studies using cells, model organism knockdown/knock-out, and human variants, each subunit plays crucial roles and contributes to the specificity of each AP. These studies also revealed that the sorting and intracellular trafficking function of AP can exert varying effects on pathology by controlling features such as cell development, signal transduction related to the apoptosis and proliferation pathways in cancer cells, organelle integrity, receptor presentation, and viral infection. Although the roles and functions of AP1‒3 are relatively well studied, the functions of the less abundant and more recently identified APs, AP4 and AP5, are still to be investigated. Further studies on these APs may enable a better understanding and targeting of specific diseases.APs known or suggested locations and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyun Shin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Animal Resources Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Arti Nile
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Animal Resources Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Wook Oh
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Animal Resources Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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4
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Uemura T, Suzuki T, Dohmae N, Waguri S. Clathrin adapters AP-1 and GGA2 support expression of epidermal growth factor receptor for cell growth. Oncogenesis 2021; 10:80. [PMID: 34799560 PMCID: PMC8604998 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-021-00367-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of Golgi/endosome-localized clathrin adapters in the maintenance of steady-state cell surface epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is not well known. Here, we show that EGFR associates preferentially with both AP-1 and GGA2 in vitro. AP-1 depletion caused a reduction in the EGFR protein by promoting its lysosomal degradation. Triple immunofluorescence microscopy and proximity ligation assays demonstrated that the interaction of EGFR with AP-1 or GGA2 occurred more frequently in Rab11-positive recycling endosomes than in Rab5-positive early endosomes. Biochemical recycling assay revealed that the depletion of AP-1 or GGA2 significantly suppressed EGFR recycling to the plasma membrane regardless of the EGF stimulation. Depletion of AP-1 or GGA2 also reduced cell contents of other tyrosine kinases, MET and ErbB4, and therefore, suppressed the growth of H1975 cancer cells in culture and xenograft model. Moreover, AP-1 was expressed in endosomes at higher levels in some cancer tissues. Collectively, these results suggest that AP-1 and GGA2 function in recycling endosomes to retrieve endocytosed EGFR, thereby sustaining its cell surface expression and, consequently, cancer cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takefumi Uemura
- grid.411582.b0000 0001 1017 9540Department of Anatomy and Histology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295 Japan
| | - Takehiro Suzuki
- grid.509461.fBiomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Naoshi Dohmae
- grid.509461.fBiomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Satoshi Waguri
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
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5
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Coudert L, Osseni A, Gangloff YG, Schaeffer L, Leblanc P. The ESCRT-0 subcomplex component Hrs/Hgs is a master regulator of myogenesis via modulation of signaling and degradation pathways. BMC Biol 2021; 19:153. [PMID: 34330273 PMCID: PMC8323235 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01091-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myogenesis is a highly regulated process ending with the formation of myotubes, the precursors of skeletal muscle fibers. Differentiation of myoblasts into myotubes is controlled by myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) that act as terminal effectors of signaling cascades involved in the temporal and spatial regulation of muscle development. Such signaling cascades converge and are controlled at the level of intracellular trafficking, but the mechanisms by which myogenesis is regulated by the endosomal machinery and trafficking is largely unexplored. The Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT) machinery composed of four complexes ESCRT-0 to ESCRT-III regulates the biogenesis and trafficking of endosomes as well as the associated signaling and degradation pathways. Here, we investigate its role in regulating myogenesis. Results We uncovered a new function of the ESCRT-0 hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate Hrs/Hgs component in the regulation of myogenesis. Hrs depletion strongly impairs the differentiation of murine and human myoblasts. In the C2C12 murine myogenic cell line, inhibition of differentiation was attributed to impaired MRF in the early steps of differentiation. This alteration is associated with an upregulation of the MEK/ERK signaling pathway and a downregulation of the Akt2 signaling both leading to the inhibition of differentiation. The myogenic repressors FOXO1 as well as GSK3β were also found to be both activated when Hrs was absent. Inhibition of the MEK/ERK pathway or of GSK3β by the U0126 or azakenpaullone compounds respectively significantly restores the impaired differentiation observed in Hrs-depleted cells. In addition, functional autophagy that is required for myogenesis was also found to be strongly inhibited. Conclusions We show for the first time that Hrs/Hgs is a master regulator that modulates myogenesis at different levels through the control of trafficking, signaling, and degradation pathways. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-021-01091-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Coudert
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, 8 avenue Rockefeller, 69373, 09, Lyon, Cedex, France
| | - A Osseni
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, 8 avenue Rockefeller, 69373, 09, Lyon, Cedex, France
| | - Y G Gangloff
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, 8 avenue Rockefeller, 69373, 09, Lyon, Cedex, France
| | - L Schaeffer
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, 8 avenue Rockefeller, 69373, 09, Lyon, Cedex, France
| | - P Leblanc
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, 8 avenue Rockefeller, 69373, 09, Lyon, Cedex, France.
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An Amino Acid Polymorphism within the HIV-1 Nef Dileucine Motif Functionally Uncouples Cell Surface CD4 and SERINC5 Downregulation. J Virol 2021; 95:e0058821. [PMID: 34037423 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00588-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine incorporator 5 (SERINC5) reduces the infectivity of progeny HIV-1 virions by incorporating into the outer host-derived viral membrane during egress. To counter SERINC5, the HIV-1 accessory protein Nef triggers SERINC5 internalization by engaging the adaptor protein 2 (AP-2) complex using the [D/E]xxxL[L/I]167 Nef dileucine motif. Nef also engages AP-2 via its dileucine motif to downregulate the CD4 receptor. Although these two Nef functions are related, the mechanisms governing SERINC5 downregulation are incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrate that two primary Nef isolates, referred to as 2410 and 2391 Nef, acquired from acutely HIV-1 infected women from Zimbabwe, both downregulate CD4 from the cell surface. However, only 2410 Nef retains the ability to downregulate cell surface SERINC5. Using a series of Nef chimeras, we mapped the region of 2391 Nef responsible for the functional uncoupling of these two antagonistic pathways to the dileucine motif. Modifications of the first and second x positions of the 2410 Nef dileucine motif to asparagine and aspartic acid residues, respectively (ND164), impaired cell surface SERINC5 downregulation, which resulted in reduced infectious virus yield in the presence of SERINC5. The ND164 mutation additionally partially impaired, but did not completely abrogate, Nef-mediated cell surface CD4 downregulation. Furthermore, the patient infected with HIV-1 encoding 2391 Nef had stable CD4+ T cell counts, whereas infection with HIV-1 encoding 2410 Nef resulted in CD4+ T cell decline and disease progression. IMPORTANCE A contributing factor to HIV-1 persistence is evasion of the host immune response. HIV-1 uses the Nef accessory protein to evade the antiviral roles of the adaptive and intrinsic innate immune responses. Nef targets SERINC5, a restriction factor which potently impairs HIV-1 infection by triggering SERINC5 removal from the cell surface. The molecular determinants underlying this Nef function remain incompletely understood. Recent studies have found a correlation between the extent of Nef-mediated SERINC5 downregulation and the rate of disease progression. Furthermore, single-residue polymorphisms outside the known Nef functional motifs can modulate SERINC5 downregulation. The identification of a naturally occurring Nef polymorphism impairing SERINC5 downregulation in this study supports a link between Nef downregulation of SERINC5 and the rate of plasma CD4+ T cell decline. Moreover, the observed functional impairments of this polymorphism could provide clues to further elucidate unknown aspects of the SERINC5 antagonistic pathway via Nef.
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7
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Tavares LA, Januário YC, daSilva LLP. HIV-1 Hijacking of Host ATPases and GTPases That Control Protein Trafficking. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:622610. [PMID: 34307340 PMCID: PMC8295591 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.622610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) modifies the host cell environment to ensure efficient and sustained viral replication. Key to these processes is the capacity of the virus to hijack ATPases, GTPases and the associated proteins that control intracellular protein trafficking. The functions of these energy-harnessing enzymes can be seized by HIV-1 to allow the intracellular transport of viral components within the host cell or to change the subcellular distribution of antiviral factors, leading to immune evasion. Here, we summarize how energy-related proteins deviate from their normal functions in host protein trafficking to aid the virus in different phases of its replicative cycle. Recent discoveries regarding the interplay among HIV-1 and host ATPases and GTPases may shed light on potential targets for pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A Tavares
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Center for Virology Research, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Yunan C Januário
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Center for Virology Research, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Luis L P daSilva
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Center for Virology Research, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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8
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Megalocytivirus Induces Complicated Fish Immune Response at Multiple RNA Levels Involving mRNA, miRNA, and circRNA. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063156. [PMID: 33808870 PMCID: PMC8003733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Megalocytivirus is an important viral pathogen to many farmed fishes, including Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). In this study, we examined megalocytivirus-induced RNA responses in the spleen of flounder by high-throughput sequencing and integrative analysis of various RNA-seq data. A total of 1327 microRNAs (miRNAs), including 368 novel miRNAs, were identified, among which, 171 (named DEmiRs) exhibited significantly differential expressions during viral infection in a time-dependent manner. For these DEmiRs, 805 differentially expressed target mRNAs (DETmRs) were predicted, whose expressions not only significantly changed after megalocytivirus infection but were also negatively correlated with their paired DEmiRs. Integrative analysis of immune-related DETmRs and their target DEmiRs identified 12 hub DEmiRs, which, together with their corresponding DETmRs, formed an interaction network containing 84 pairs of DEmiR and DETmR. In addition to DETmRs, 19 DEmiRs were also found to regulate six key immune genes (mRNAs) differentially expressed during megalocytivirus infection, and together they formed a network consisting of 21 interactive miRNA-messenger RNA (mRNA) pairs. Further analysis identified 9434 circular RNAs (circRNAs), 169 of which (named DEcircRs) showed time-specific and significantly altered expressions during megalocytivirus infection. Integrated analysis of the DETmR-DEmiR and DEcircR-DEmiR interactions led to the identification of a group of competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) constituted by interacting triplets of circRNA, miRNA, and mRNA involved in antiviral immunity. Together these results indicate that complicated regulatory networks of different types of non-coding RNAs and coding RNAs are involved in megalocytivirus infection.
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10
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Aung YY, Kristanti AN, Khairunisa SQ, Nasronudin N, Fahmi MZ. Inactivation of HIV-1 Infection through Integrative Blocking with Amino Phenylboronic Acid Attributed Carbon Dots. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:4490-4501. [PMID: 33455181 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Current antiretroviral HIV therapies continue to have problems related to procedural complications, toxicity, and uncontrolled side effects. In this study, amino phenylboronic acid-modified carbon dots (APBA-CDs) were introduced as a new nanoparticle-based on gp120 targeting that inhibits HIV-1 entry processes. Prolonged by simple pyrolysis for preparing carbon dots, this report further explores attributing amino phenylboronic acid on carbon dots, which prove the formation of graphene-like structures on carbon dots and boronic acid sites, thereby enabling the enhancement of positive optical properties through photoluminescent detection. Aside from performing well in terms of biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity (the CC50 reach up to 11.2 mg/mL), APBA-CDs exhibited superior capabilities in terms of prohibiting HIV-1 entry onto targeted MOLT-4 cells recognized by the delimitations of syncitia formation and higher ATP signal rather than bare carbon dots. The modified carbon dots also promote dual-action on HIV-1 treatment by both intracellularly and extracellularly viral blocking by combining with the Duviral drug, along with compressing p24 antigen signals that are better than APBA-CDs and Duviral itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yu Aung
- Department of Chemistry, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | - Mochamad Zakki Fahmi
- Department of Chemistry, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia.,Supra Modification Nano-micro Engineering Research Group, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
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11
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Two Functional Variants of AP-1 Complexes Composed of either γ2 or γ1 Subunits Are Independently Required for Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Downregulation by HIV-1 Nef. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.02039-19. [PMID: 31915283 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02039-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The HIV-1 accessory protein Nef downregulates the cell surface expression of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules to facilitate virus spreading. The Nef-induced downregulation of MHC-I molecules such as HLA-A requires the clathrin adaptor protein 1 (AP-1) complex. The cooperative interaction of Nef, AP-1, and the cytosolic tail (CT) of HLA-A leads to a redirection of HLA-A targeting from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to lysosomes for degradation. Although the γ-adaptin subunit of AP-1 has two distinct isoforms (γ1 and γ2), which may form two AP-1 complex variants, so far, only the importance of AP-1γ1 in MHC-I downregulation by Nef has been investigated. Here, we report that the AP-1γ2 isoform also participates in this process. We found that AP-1γ2 forms a complex with Nef and HLA-A2_CT and that this interaction depends on the Y320 residue in HLA-A2_CT and Nef expression. Moreover, Nef targets AP-1γ1 and AP-1γ2 to different compartments in T cells, and the depletion of either AP-1 variant impairs the Nef-mediated reduction of total endogenous HLA-A levels and rescues HLA-A levels on the cell surface. Finally, immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy analyses reveal that the depletion of γ2 in T cells compromises both the Nef-mediated retention of HLA-A molecules in the TGN and targeting to multivesicular bodies/late endosomes. Altogether, these results show that in addition to AP-1γ1, Nef also requires the AP-1γ2 variant for efficient MHC-I downregulation.IMPORTANCE HIV-1 Nef mediates evasion of the host immune system by inhibiting MHC-I surface presentation of viral antigens. To achieve this goal, Nef modifies the intracellular trafficking of MHC-I molecules in several ways. Despite being the subject of intense study, the molecular details underlying these modifications are not yet fully understood. Adaptor protein 1 (AP-1) plays an essential role in the Nef-mediated downregulation of MHC-I molecules such as HLA-A in different cell types. However, AP-1 has two functionally distinct variants composed of either γ1 or γ2 subunit isoforms. Because previous studies on the role of AP-1 in MHC-I downregulation by Nef focused on AP-1γ1, an important open question is the participation of AP-1γ2 in this process. Here, we show that AP-1γ2 is also essential for Nef-mediated depletion of surface HLA-A molecules in T cells. Our results indicate that Nef hijacks AP-1γ2 to modify HLA-A intracellular transport, redirecting these proteins to lysosomes for degradation.
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12
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E3 Ligase ITCH Interacts with the Z Matrix Protein of Lassa and Mopeia Viruses and Is Required for the Release of Infectious Particles. Viruses 2019; 12:v12010049. [PMID: 31906112 PMCID: PMC7019300 DOI: 10.3390/v12010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lassa virus (LASV) and Mopeia virus (MOPV) are two closely related, rodent-born mammarenaviruses. LASV is the causative agent of Lassa fever, a deadly hemorrhagic fever endemic in West Africa, whereas MOPV is non-pathogenic in humans. The Z matrix protein of arenaviruses is essential to virus assembly and budding by recruiting host factors, a mechanism that remains partially defined. To better characterize the interactions involved, a yeast two-hybrid screen was conducted using the Z proteins from LASV and MOPV as a bait. The cellular proteins ITCH and WWP1, two members of the Nedd4 family of HECT E3 ubiquitin ligases, were found to bind the Z proteins of LASV, MOPV and other arenaviruses. The PPxY late-domain motif of the Z proteins is required for the interaction with ITCH, although the E3 ubiquitin-ligase activity of ITCH is not involved in Z ubiquitination. The silencing of ITCH was shown to affect the replication of the old-world mammarenaviruses LASV, MOPV, Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and to a lesser extent Lujo virus (LUJV). More precisely, ITCH was involved in the egress of virus-like particles and the release of infectious progeny viruses. Thus, ITCH constitutes a novel interactor of LASV and MOPV Z proteins that is involved in virus assembly and release.
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13
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Ramirez PW, Sharma S, Singh R, Stoneham CA, Vollbrecht T, Guatelli J. Plasma Membrane-Associated Restriction Factors and Their Counteraction by HIV-1 Accessory Proteins. Cells 2019; 8:E1020. [PMID: 31480747 PMCID: PMC6770538 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane is a site of conflict between host defenses and many viruses. One aspect of this conflict is the host's attempt to eliminate infected cells using innate and adaptive cell-mediated immune mechanisms that recognize features of the plasma membrane characteristic of viral infection. Another is the expression of plasma membrane-associated proteins, so-called restriction factors, which inhibit enveloped virions directly. HIV-1 encodes two countermeasures to these host defenses: The membrane-associated accessory proteins Vpu and Nef. In addition to inhibiting cell-mediated immune-surveillance, Vpu and Nef counteract membrane-associated restriction factors. These include BST-2, which traps newly formed virions at the plasma membrane unless counteracted by Vpu, and SERINC5, which decreases the infectivity of virions unless counteracted by Nef. Here we review key features of these two antiviral proteins, and we review Vpu and Nef, which deplete them from the plasma membrane by co-opting specific cellular proteins and pathways of membrane trafficking and protein-degradation. We also discuss other plasma membrane proteins modulated by HIV-1, particularly CD4, which, if not opposed in infected cells by Vpu and Nef, inhibits viral infectivity and increases the sensitivity of the viral envelope glycoprotein to host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Ramirez
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Shilpi Sharma
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Rajendra Singh
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Charlotte A Stoneham
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Thomas Vollbrecht
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - John Guatelli
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA.
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14
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Kou Y, Yan X, Liu Q, Wei X, Zhang B, Li X, Pan W, Kong F, Wang Y, Zheng K, Tang R. HBV upregulates AP-1 complex subunit mu-1 expression via the JNK pathway to promote proliferation of liver cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:456-464. [PMID: 31289517 PMCID: PMC6540315 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is responsible for liver cancer, the exact mechanism of its action remains unclear. μ1 adaptin is an intrinsic part of the clathrin adaptor AP-1 complex. In addition to its canonical biological function that involves cargo sorting and vesicular transport, recent studies have demonstrated that μ1 adaptin participates in cell growth and proliferation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of the clathrin adaptor AP-1 complex subunit mu-1 (AP1M1) on liver cancer cell proliferation. The present study reports for the first time that AP1M1 is upregulated in the HBV-transfected HepG2.215 liver cancer cells. Silencing of AP1M1 in HepG2.215 cells suppressed their proliferation, while the overexpression of AP1M1 in HepG2 cells promoted cell proliferation. The data suggested that AP1M1 is one of the crucial factors involved in the progression of liver cancer caused by HBV infection. In addition, it was demonstrated that HBV facilitated AP1M1 expression in a JNK-dependent manner. The increased expression levels of AP1M1 enhanced phosphorylation of protein kinase B and accelerated cell proliferation. Unraveling the effects of AP1M1 on liver cancer cell proliferation and the mechanism of AP1M1 transcriptional regulation may provide new therapeutic targets for HBV-positive liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Kou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Yan
- Institute of Emergency and Rescue Medicine, Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Qingya Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Wei Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Fanyun Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Yugang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Kuiyang Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Renxian Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
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15
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Abuharfeil NM, Yaseen MM, Alsheyab FM. Harnessing Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity To Control HIV-1 Infection. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:158-176. [PMID: 30525453 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Passive administration of broadly neutralizing anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) antibodies (bNAbs) has been recently suggested as a promising alternative therapeutic approach for HIV-1 infection. Although the success behind the studies that used this approach has been attributed to the potency and neutralization breadth of anti-HIV-1 antibodies, several lines of evidence support the idea that specific antibody-dependent effector functions, particularly antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), play a critical role in controlling HIV-1 infection. In this review, we showed that there is a direct association between the activation of ADCC and better clinical outcomes. This, in turn, suggests that ADCC could be harnessed to control HIV-1 infection. To this end, we addressed the passive administration of bNAbs capable of selectively activating ADCC responses to HIV-1 patients. Finally, we summarized the potential barriers that may impede the optimal activation of ADCC during HIV-1 infection and provided strategic solutions to overcome these barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nizar Mohammad Abuharfeil
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, College of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Mahmoud Mohammad Yaseen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110. Jordan
| | - Fawzi M. Alsheyab
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, College of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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daSilva LLP, Mardones GA. HIV/SIV-Nef: Pas de trois Choreographies to Evade Immunity. Trends Microbiol 2018; 26:889-891. [PMID: 30287212 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Nef is a major pathogenic factor of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses that hijacks protein trafficking through physical interaction with vesicle coats. This alters the subcellular localization of proteins involved in immunity and neutralizes their function. Understanding the structural bases for these interactions could reveal new targets for antiviral intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis L P daSilva
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil.
| | - Gonzalo A Mardones
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Center for Interdisciplinary Studies of the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile; Center for Cell Biology and Biomedicine (CEBICEM), School of Medicine and Science, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago 7510157, Chile.
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17
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Petrilli R, Eloy JO, Saggioro FP, Chesca DL, de Souza MC, Dias MVS, daSilva LLP, Lee RJ, Lopez RFV. Skin cancer treatment effectiveness is improved by iontophoresis of EGFR-targeted liposomes containing 5-FU compared with subcutaneous injection. J Control Release 2018; 283:151-162. [PMID: 29864476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a malignant tumor in which epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression is associated with poor prognosis and malignancy. For SCC treatment, cetuximab, an anti-EGFR antibody, is administered in combination with a chemotherapeutic drug for improved efficacy. In this work, an EGFR-targeted immunoliposome loaded with 5-fluorouracil (5- FU) was developed to allow co-administration of the antibody and the chemotherapeutic agent and selective delivery to SCC cells. Topically applied iontophoresis and subcutaneous injections of the 5-FU-loaded immunoliposomes were employed in an SCC xenograft animal model to evaluate the influence of the administration route on therapeutic efficacy. In vitro, cellular uptake of cetuximab-immunoliposomes by EGFR-positive SCC cells was 3.5-fold greater than the uptake of control liposomes. Skin penetration studies showed that iontophoresis of immunoliposomes doubled the 5-FU penetration into the viable epidermis compared with the same treatment with control liposomes. In vivo, subcutaneous injection of immunoliposomes reduced tumor volume by >60% compared with the negative control and approximately 50% compared with the 5-FU solution and control liposome treatments. Interestingly, topical administration via iontophoresis improved tumor reduction by almost 2-fold compared with subcutaneous administration of 5-FU solution and control liposomes but was equally effective for the immunoliposome treatment. However, histological analysis showed that iontophoresis of immunoliposomes was more effective than subcutaneous injection in reducing cell proliferation, resulting in cells with less aggressive characteristics. In conclusion, topical administration of immunoliposomes containing 5-FU using iontophoresis is a promising strategy for SCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Petrilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Cafe s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil; College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 500 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Josimar O Eloy
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Cafe s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil; College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 500 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; School of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, 1210 Capitão Francisco Pedro St, 60430-372, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Fabiano P Saggioro
- School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Avenida Bandeirantes s/n, 14040-040 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Deise L Chesca
- School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Avenida Bandeirantes s/n, 14040-040 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina Claro de Souza
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Cafe s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos V S Dias
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Luis L P daSilva
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Robert J Lee
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 500 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Renata F V Lopez
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Cafe s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
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18
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ESCRT machinery components are required for Orthobunyavirus particle production in Golgi compartments. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007047. [PMID: 29723305 PMCID: PMC5953487 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Peribunyaviridae is a large family of RNA viruses with several members that cause mild to severe diseases in humans and livestock. Despite their importance in public heath very little is known about the host cell factors hijacked by these viruses to support assembly and cell egress. Here we show that assembly of Oropouche virus, a member of the genus Orthobunyavirus that causes a frequent arboviral infection in South America countries, involves budding of virus particles toward the lumen of Golgi cisternae. As viral replication progresses, these Golgi subcompartments become enlarged and physically separated from Golgi stacks, forming Oropouche viral factory (Vfs) units. At the ultrastructural level, these virally modified Golgi cisternae acquire an MVB appearance, and while they lack typical early and late endosome markers, they become enriched in endosomal complex required for transport (ESCRT) proteins that are involved in MVB biogenesis. Further microscopy and viral replication analysis showed that functional ESCRT machinery is required for efficient Vf morphogenesis and production of infectious OROV particles. Taken together, our results indicate that OROV attracts ESCRT machinery components to Golgi cisternae to mediate membrane remodeling events required for viral assembly and budding at these compartments. This represents an unprecedented mechanism of how viruses hijack host cell components for coordinated morphogenesis.
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19
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Tavares LA, daSilva LLP. Monitoring the Targeting of Cathepsin D to the Lysosome by Metabolic Labeling and Pulse-chase Analysis. Bio Protoc 2017; 7:e2598. [PMID: 34595275 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.2598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mannose 6-phosphate receptors function can be studied in living cells by investigating alterations in processing and secretion of their ligand Cathepsin D. The assay described here is well established in the literature and comprises the metabolic labeling of newly synthesized proteins with [35S] methionine-cysteine in HeLa cells to monitor Cathepsin D processing through secretory pathway and secretion using immunoprecipitation, SDS-PAGE and fluorography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A Tavares
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School (FMRP), University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis L P daSilva
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School (FMRP), University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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20
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Wang G, Wang Z, Zhuang P, Zhao X, Cheng Z. Exosomes carring gag/env of ALV-J possess negative effect on immunocytes. Microb Pathog 2017; 112:142-147. [PMID: 28916320 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
J subgroup avian leukosis virus (ALV-J) is an exogenous retrovirus of avian. A key feature of ALV-J infection is leading to severe immunosuppressive characteristic of diseases. Viral components of retrovirus were reported closely associated with immunosuppression, and several similarities between exosomes and retrovirus preparations have lead to the hypotheses of retrovirus hijacker exosomes pathway. In this study, we purified exosomes from DF-1 cells infected and uninfected by ALV-J. Electron microscopy and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis showed that ALV-J not only increased the production of exosomes from ALV-J infected DF-1 cells (Exo-J) but also stimulated some proteins expression, especially ALV-J components secreted in exosomes. Immunosuppressive domain peptide (ISD) of envelope subunit transmembrane (TM) and gag of ALV-J were secreted in Exo-J. It has been reported that HIV gag was budded from endosome-like domains of the T cell plasma membrane. But env protein was first detected in exosomes from retrovirus infected cells. We found that Exo-J caused negative effects on splenocytes in a dose-dependant manner by flow cytometric analysis. And low dose of Exo-J activated immune activity of splenocytes, while high dose possessed immunosuppressive properties. Interestingly, Exo-J has no significant effects on the immunosuppression induced by ALV-J, and the immunosuppressive effects induced by Exo-J lower than that by ALV-J. Taken together, our data indicated that Exo-J supplied a microenvironment for the replication and transformation of ALV-J.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, PR China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, PR China
| | - Pingping Zhuang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, PR China
| | - Ziqiang Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, PR China.
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21
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γ2 and γ1AP-1 complexes: Different essential functions and regulatory mechanisms in clathrin-dependent protein sorting. Eur J Cell Biol 2017; 96:356-368. [PMID: 28372831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
γ2 adaptin is homologous to γ1, but is only expressed in vertebrates while γ1 is found in all eukaryotes. We know little about γ2 functions and their relation to γ1. γ1 is an adaptin of the heterotetrameric AP-1 complexes, which sort proteins in and do form clathrin-coated transport vesicles and they also regulate maturation of early endosomes. γ1 knockout mice develop only to blastocysts and thus γ2 does not compensate γ1-deficiency in development. γ2 has not been classified as a clathrin-coated vesicle adaptor protein in proteome analyses and functions for monomeric γ2 in endosomal protein sorting have been proposed, but adaptin interaction studies suggested formation of heterotetrameric AP-1/γ2 complexes. We detected γ2 at the trans-Golgi network, on peripheral vesicles and identified γ2 clathrin-coated vesicles in mice. Ubiquitous σ1A and tissue-specific σ1B adaptins bind γ2 and γ1. σ1B knockout in mice does not effect γ1/σ1A AP-1 levels, but γ2/σ1A AP-1 levels are increased in brain and adipocytes. Also γ2 is essential in development. In zebrafish AP-1/γ2 and AP-1/γ1 fulfill different, essential functions in brain and the vascular system.
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