1
|
Lee JY, Kim S, Kim H, Yeon SH, Kim SY, Son RH, Park CL, Lee YH. Improvement in Testosterone Production by Acorus gramineus for the Alleviation of Andropause Symptoms. J Med Food 2024. [PMID: 38828543 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.k.0332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Acorus gramineus has a number of beneficial effects, including protective effects against age-related disorders. In this study, the effects of A. gramineus on testosterone production and andropause symptoms were evaluated. We first treated TM3 mouse Leydig cells, responsible for testosterone production, with A. gramineus aqueous extract at different concentrations. In TM3 cells, the testosterone concentration increased in a concentration-dependent manner compared with those in the control. In addition, at 400 μg/mL extract, the mRNA expression level of the steroidogenic enzyme CYP11A1 was increased. Subsequently, 23-week-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats exhibiting an age-related reduction in serum testosterone (approximately 80% lower than that in 7-week-old SD rats) were administered A. gramineus aqueous extract for 8 weeks. Serum total testosterone and free testosterone levels were higher and serum estradiol, prostate-specific antigen levels, and total cholesterol levels were lower in the AG50 group (A. gramineus aqueous extract 50 mg/kg of body weight/day) than in the OLD (control group). The AG50 group also showed significant elevations in sperm count, grip strength, and mRNA expression of StAR, CYP11A1, 17β-HSD, and CYP17A1 compared with those in the OLD group. In conclusion, A. gramineus aqueous extract facilitated steroidogenesis in Leydig cells, elevated testosterone levels, lowered serum estradiol and total cholesterol levels, and increased muscle strength and sperm count, thus alleviating the symptoms of andropause. These findings suggest that A. gramineus aqueous extract is a potentially effective therapeutic agent against various symptoms associated with andropause.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Yoon Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Suwon, Hwasung, South Korea
| | - Seokho Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Suwon, Hwasung, South Korea
| | - Hongeun Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Suwon, Hwasung, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hum Yeon
- Healthcare Research Division, Huons(O) Global Ltd., Seongnam(O), South Korea
| | - Sang-Yoon Kim
- Healthcare Research Division, Huons(O) Global Ltd., Seongnam(O), South Korea
| | - Rak Ho Son
- Healthcare Research Division, Huons(O) Global Ltd., Seongnam(O), South Korea
| | - Chae Lee Park
- Healthcare Research Division, Huons(O) Global Ltd., Seongnam(O), South Korea
| | - Yoo-Hyun Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Suwon, Hwasung, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li J, Zhang X, Luan F, Duan J, Zou J, Sun J, Shi Y, Guo D, Wang C, Wang X. Therapeutic Potential of Essential Oils Against Ulcerative Colitis: A Review. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:3527-3549. [PMID: 38836243 PMCID: PMC11149639 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s461466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic non-sp ecific inflammatory disease of the colorectal mucosa. Researchers have associated UC onset with familial genetics, lifestyle behavior, inflammatory immune factors, intestinal microbiota, and the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier. The primary therapeutic interventions for UC consist of pharmacological management to control inflammation and promote mucosal healing and surgical interventions. The available drugs effectively control and decelerate the progression of UC in most patients; nonetheless, their long-term administration can exert adverse effects and influence the therapeutic effect. Plant essential oils (EOs) refer to a group of hydrophobic aromatic volatile substances. EOs have garnered considerable attention in both domestic and international research because of their anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties. They include peppermint, peppercorns, rosemary, and lavender, among others. Researchers have investigated the role of EOs in medicine and have elucidated their potential to mitigate the detrimental effects of UC through their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidepressant, and anti-insomnia properties as well as their ability to regulate the intestinal flora. Furthermore, EOs exert minimal toxic adverse effects, further enhancing their appeal for therapeutic applications. However, these speculations are based on theoretical experiments, thereby warranting more clinical studies to confirm their effectiveness and safety. In this article, we aim to provide an overview of the advancements in utilizing natural medicine EOs for UC prevention and treatment. We will explore the potential pathogenesis of UC and examine the role of EOs therapy in basic research, quality stability, and management specification of inadequate EOs for UC treatment. We intend to offer novel insights into the use of EOs in UC prevention and management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinkai Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research in Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research in Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Luan
- Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research in Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research in Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Junbo Zou
- Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research in Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research in Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research in Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research in Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Changli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research in Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research in Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Thepsatitporn S, Rujiganjanarat K, Makmee P. Multi-Sensory Stimuli Improve Relaxation and Sleep Quality in Rotating Shift Workers: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Multidiscip Healthc 2024; 17:1435-1445. [PMID: 38572471 PMCID: PMC10987787 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s456800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compare the effects of multi-sensory stimuli on relaxation and sleep quality in 2 periods. Patients and Methods This experimental research used a sample group of 60 individuals, divided into three groups, with each group consisting of 20 participants. The test period was divided into two equal periods of 4 days each. The collected data included measurements of relaxation (visually calibrated scale, percentage stress, and heart rate) and sleep quality (percentage sleep, total sleep duration, and duration of deep sleep). Quantitative statistics were employed to analyze the data and compare average differences. Results Regarding relaxation, the results from the second period test indicated that Group 2, which received both fragrance and natural sound treatment, outperformed the other groups based on the visually calibrated scale. This group also exhibited lower levels of percentage stress and heart rate as compared to Group 1 and the control group, with a confidence level of p < 0.05. In terms of sleep quality, during the second period test, Group 2 achieved more superior results compared to the other groups in terms of percentage sleep, total sleep duration, and duration of deep sleep, with a confidence level of p < 0.05. Conclusion It can be inferred that multi-sensory stimuli enhanced relaxation and sleep quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarawin Thepsatitporn
- Program in Sports and Health Sciences, School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Kitisak Rujiganjanarat
- Program in Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Phetchaburi Rajabhat University, Phetchaburi, Thailand
| | - Pattrawadee Makmee
- Department of Research and Applied Psychology, Faculty of Education, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kim CJ, Kwak TY, Bae MH, Shin HK, Choi BT. Therapeutic Potential of Active Components from Acorus gramineus and Acorus tatarinowii in Neurological Disorders and Their Application in Korean Medicine. J Pharmacopuncture 2022; 25:326-343. [PMID: 36628348 PMCID: PMC9806153 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2022.25.4.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders represent a substantial healthcare burden worldwide due to population aging. Acorus gramineus Solander (AG) and Acorus tatarinowii Schott (AT), whose major component is asarone, have been shown to be effective in neurological disorders. This review summarized current information from preclinical and clinical studies regarding the effects of extracts and active components of AG and AT (e.g., α-asarone and β-asarone) on neurological disorders and biomedical targets, as well as the mechanisms involved. Databases, including PubMed, Embase, and RISS, were searched using the following keywords: asarone, AG, AT, and neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depression and anxiety, epilepsy, and stroke. Meta-analyses and reviews were excluded. A total of 873 studies were collected. A total of 89 studies were selected after eliminating studies that did not meet the inclusion criteria. Research on neurological disorders widely reported that extracts or active components of AG and AT showed therapeutic efficacy in treating neurological disorders. These components also possessed a wide array of neuroprotective effects, including reduction of pathogenic protein aggregates, antiapoptotic activity, modulation of autophagy, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, regulation of neurotransmitters, activation of neurogenesis, and stimulation of neurotrophic factors. Most of the included studies were preclinical studies that used in vitro and in vivo models, and only a few clinical studies have been performed. Therefore, this review summarizes the current knowledge on AG and AT therapeutic effects as a basis for further clinical studies, and clinical trials are required before these findings can be applied to human neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Ju Kim
- Department of Korean Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Young Kwak
- Department of Korean Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hyeok Bae
- Department of Korean Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Kyoung Shin
- Department of Korean Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea,Graduate Training Program of Korean Medical Therapeutics for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea,Corresponding Author Hwa Kyoung Shin, Department of Korean Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea, Tel: +82-51-510-8476, E-mail:, Byung Tae Choi, Department of Korean Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea, Tel: +82-51-510-8475, E-mail:
| | - Byung Tae Choi
- Department of Korean Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea,Graduate Training Program of Korean Medical Therapeutics for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea,Corresponding Author Hwa Kyoung Shin, Department of Korean Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea, Tel: +82-51-510-8476, E-mail:, Byung Tae Choi, Department of Korean Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea, Tel: +82-51-510-8475, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kaewlue A, Banharak S, Panpanit L, Chanaboon S. The Effectiveness of a Multi-Sensory Sleep-Promotion Program on Sleep Quality among Hospitalized Older Adults of Thailand: A Quasi-Experimental Study. Behav Sleep Med 2022:1-16. [PMID: 36308768 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2022.2136671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Older adults suffer from sleep disturbances, especially during hospitalization, affecting their health condition, recovery, and in-hospital mortality. Therefore, we aimed to explore the effectiveness of a multi-sensory sleep-promotion program on sleep quality among hospitalized Thai older adults. METHODS In a quasi-experimental study, the 52 eligible older adults in a private medical ward were equally assigned into two groups. The experimental group received a sleep quality assessment after the first night of admission, the 60-minute multi-sensory sleep-promotion program for three nights, and an outcome evaluation on the last night after the intervention. In contrast, the control group received routine care for the same period. Sleep quality was measured by the Verran and Snyder-Halpern Sleep Scale (Thai version). In addition, independent and paired samples t-tests compared the sleep quality between and within the two groups. RESULTS The older adults in the experimental group had better sleep quality than those who did not (p < .001). Those who participated in the multi-sensory sleep-promotion program markedly improved their sleep quality over five days (p < .001). CONCLUSION A multi-sensory sleep-promotion program can promote the sleep quality of older adults. The five alternative methods to promote sleep are effective without the deleterious effects of hypnotics and sedatives often experienced among older adults. Therefore, nurses and other healthcare professionals can implement this program as standard practice. In addition, they may adjust it to fit the acuity level and care dependencies of older adults in other cultures to promote sleep quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amornrat Kaewlue
- Department of Nursing, Chaiyaphum Hospital, Chaiyaphum, Thailand
| | - Samoraphop Banharak
- Department of Gerontological Nursing, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Ladawan Panpanit
- Department of Gerontological Nursing, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sutin Chanaboon
- Community Public Health, Sirindhorn College of Public Health Khon Kaen, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Moeini Z, Seraj Z, Zohoorian Abootorabi T, Ashrafi-Kooshk M, Riazi G, Saboury AA, Seyedarabi A. Unravelling the Novel Effects of Three Volatile Compounds in Preventing Fibril Formation of Disease Related Tau and α-Synuclein Proteins- Towards Identifying Candidate Aromatic Substances for Treating Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:793727. [PMID: 35392564 PMCID: PMC8980687 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.793727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aggregation of tau and α-synuclein into fibrillary assemblies in nerve cells is the molecular hallmark of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, respectively. In our previous studies, we investigated the anti-amyloidogenic effects of three different aroma-producing (volatile) compounds including cinnamaldehyde, phenyl ethyl alcohol, and TEMED on the fibrillation process of HEWL, as a model protein. Our previous results showed that while TEMED was able to completely stop the process of fibril formation, cinnamaldehyde and phenyl ethyl alcohol gave rise to oligomeric/protofibrillar forms and were involved in the entrapment of intermediate species of HEWL. In this study, we investigated the anti-amyloidogenic effect of the same three volatile compounds on recombinantly produced tau and α-synuclein proteins. Methods: The thioflavin T fluorescence assay, circular dichroism, SDS-PAGE/native-PAGE, dynamic light scattering, and atomic force microscopy were used, where necessary, to further our understanding of the inhibitory effects of the three volatile compounds on the fibril formation of tau and α-synuclein proteins and allow for a comparison with previous data obtained for HEWL. Results: Our results revealed that contrary to the results obtained for HEWL (a globular protein), the volatile compound TEMED was no longer able to prevent fibril formation in either of the natively unstructured tau or α-synuclein proteins, and instead, cinnamaldehye and phenyl ethyl alcohol, in particular, had the role of preventing fibril formation of tau or α-synuclein. Conclusion: The results of this study further emphasized the exclusion of HEWL as a model protein for fibrillation studies and highlighted the importance of studying brain-related proteins such as tau or α-synuclein and the need to assess the effects of volatile compounds such as cinnamaldehye and phenyl ethyl alcohol as potential substances in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Moeini
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Seraj
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Gholamhossein Riazi
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Saboury
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arefeh Seyedarabi
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hartley N, McLachlan CS. Aromas Influencing the GABAergic System. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082414. [PMID: 35458615 PMCID: PMC9026314 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aromas have a powerful influence in our everyday life and are known to exhibit an array of pharmacological properties, including anxiolytic, anti-stress, relaxing, and sedative effects. Numerous animal and human studies support the use of aromas and their constituents to reduce anxiety-related symptoms and/or behaviours. Although the exact mechanism of how these aromas exert their anxiolytic effects is not fully understood, the GABAergic system is thought to be primarily involved. The fragrance emitted from a number of plant essential oils has shown promise in recent studies in modulating GABAergic neurotransmission, with GABAA receptors being the primary therapeutic target. This review will explore the anxiolytic and sedative properties of aromas found in common beverages, such as coffee, tea, and whisky as well aromas found in food, spices, volatile organic compounds, and popular botanicals and their constituents. In doing so, this review will focus on these aromas and their influence on the GABAergic system and provide greater insight into viable anxiety treatment options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neville Hartley
- Department of Naturopathy and Western Herbal Medicine, Health Faculty, Fortitude Valley Campus, Torrens University Australia, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Craig S. McLachlan
- Centre for Healthy Futures, Health Faculty, Surry Hills Campus, Torrens University Australia, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhao X, Liang L, Xu R, Cheng P, Jia P, Bai Y, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Zheng X, Xiao C. Revealing the Antiepileptic Effect of α-Asaronol on Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizure Rats Using NMR-Based Metabolomics. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:6322-6334. [PMID: 35224394 PMCID: PMC8867478 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
α-Asaronol from Acorus tatarinowii (known as "Shichangpu" in Traditional Chinese medicine) has been proved to possess more efficient antiepileptic activity and lower toxicity than α-asarone (namely "Xixinnaojiaonang" as an antiepileptic drug in China) in our previous study. However, the molecular mechanism of α-asaronol against epilepsy needs to be known if to become a novel antiepileptic medicine. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics was applied to investigate the metabolic patterns of plasma and the brain tissue extract from pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizure rats when treated with α-asaronol or α-asarone. The results showed that α-asaronol can regulate the metabolomic level of epileptic rats to normal to some extent, and four metabolic pathways were associated with the antiepileptic effect of α-asaronol, including alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism; synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies; glutamine and glutamate metabolism; and glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism. It was concluded that α-asaronol plays a vital role in enhancing energy metabolism, regulating the balance of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, and inhibiting cell membrane damage to prevent the occurrence of epilepsy. These findings are of great significance in developing α-asaronol into a promising antiepileptic drug derived from Traditional Chinese medicine.
Collapse
|
9
|
Fung TKH, Lau BWM, Ngai SPC, Tsang HWH. Therapeutic Effect and Mechanisms of Essential Oils in Mood Disorders: Interaction between the Nervous and Respiratory Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094844. [PMID: 34063646 PMCID: PMC8125361 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) are extracted from plants and contain active components with therapeutic effects. Evidence shows that various types of EOs have a wide range of health benefits. In our previous studies, the potential of lavender EO for prevention and even treatment of depression and anxiety symptoms was demonstrated. The favourable outcomes may be due to multiple mechanisms, including the regulation of monoamine level, the induction of neurotrophic factor expression, the regulation of the endocrine system and the promotion of neurogenesis. The molecules of EOs may reach the brain and exert an effect through two distinctive pathways, namely, the olfactory system and the respiratory system. After inhalation, the molecules of the EOs would either act directly on the olfactory mucosa or pass into the respiratory tract. These two delivery pathways suggest different underlying mechanisms of action. Different sets of responses would be triggered, such as increased neurogenesis, regulation of hormonal levels, activation of different brain regions, and alteration in blood biochemistry, which would ultimately affect both mood and emotion. In this review, we will discuss the clinical effects of EOs on mood regulation and emotional disturbances as well as the cellular and molecular mechanisms of action. Emphasis will be put on the interaction between the respiratory and central nervous system and the involved potential mechanisms. Further evidence is needed to support the use of EOs in the clinical treatment of mood disturbances. Exploration of the underlying mechanisms may provide insight into the future therapeutic use of EO components treatment of psychiatric and physical symptoms.
Collapse
|
10
|
Cheong MJ, Kim S, Kim JS, Lee H, Lyu YS, Lee YR, Jeon B, Kang HW. A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of the clinical effects of aroma inhalation therapy on sleep problems. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24652. [PMID: 33655928 PMCID: PMC7939222 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review investigated the clinical effects of inhalation aromatherapy for the treatment of sleep problems such as insomnia. METHODS Studies on sleep problems and inhalation aromatherapy, published in Korean and international journals, were included in the meta-analysis. Five domestic and international databases, respectively each, were used for the literature search. Keywords included sleep disorder, sleep problems, insomnia, and aroma inhalation, and the related literature was further searched. After the screening, selected articles were assessed for their quality and conducted the risk of bias using RevMan 5.0, a systematic literature review was then conducted. A meta-analysis comparing the averages was conducted on studies that reported numerical values. Additionally, meta-analysis of variance and meta-regression analyses were performed. RESULTS Meta-analysis of the 34 studies using the random-effects model revealed that the use of aromatherapy was highly effective in improving sleep problems such as insomnia, including quantitative and qualitative sleep effects (95% confidence interval [CI], effect sizes = 0.6491). Subgroup analysis revealed that the secondary outcomes including stress, depression, anxiety, and fatigue were significantly effective. The single aroma inhalation method was more effective than the mixed aroma inhalation method. Among the single inhalation methods, the lavender inhalation effect was the greatest. CONCLUSION Inhalation aromatherapy is effective in improving sleep problems such as insomnia. Therefore, it is essential to develop specific guidelines for the efficient inhalation of aromatherapy. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval is not required because individual patient data are not included. The findings of this systematic review were disseminated through peer-reviewed publications or conference presentations. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020142120.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moon Joo Cheong
- Rare Diseases Integrative Treatment Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Jangheung Integrative Medical Hospital, Anyang-myeon, Jangheung-gun, Jeollanam-do
| | - Sungchul Kim
- Center of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis & Motor Neuron Disease, Wonkwang University Gwangju Medical Hospital, Nam-gu, Gwangju
| | - Jee Su Kim
- Department of Korean Neuropsychiatry Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan
| | - Hyeryun Lee
- Department of Korean Neuropsychiatry Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan
| | - Yeoung-Su Lyu
- Rare Diseases Integrative Treatment Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Jangheung Integrative Medical Hospital, Anyang-myeon, Jangheung-gun, Jeollanam-do
- Department of Korean Neuropsychiatry Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan
| | - Yu Ra Lee
- Rare Diseases Integrative Treatment Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Jangheung Integrative Medical Hospital, Anyang-myeon, Jangheung-gun, Jeollanam-do
| | - Byeonghyeon Jeon
- Rare Diseases Integrative Treatment Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Jangheung Integrative Medical Hospital, Anyang-myeon, Jangheung-gun, Jeollanam-do
| | - Hyung Won Kang
- Department of Korean Neuropsychiatry Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan
- Department of Korean Neuropsychiatry Medicine & Inam Neuroscience Research Center, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Gunpo, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Extracts or Active Components from Acorus gramineus Aiton for Cognitive Function Impairment: Preclinical Evidence and Possible Mechanisms. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6752876. [PMID: 32908635 PMCID: PMC7468674 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6752876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Extracts or active components from Acorus gramineus Aiton (EAAGA) have been clinically used for cognition impairment more than hundreds of years and are still used in modern times in China and elsewhere worldwide. Previous studies reported that EAAGA improves cognition impairment in animal models. Here, we conducted a preclinical systematic review to assess the current evidence of EAAGA for cognition impairment. We searched 7 databases up until June 2019. Methodological quality for each included studies was accessed according to the CAMARADES 10-item checklist. The primary outcome measures were neurobehavioral function scores evaluated by the Morris water maze test, electrical Y-maze test, step-down test, radial eight-arm maze test, and step-through test. The secondary outcome measures were mechanisms of EAAGA for cognition function. Finally, 34 studies involving 1431 animals were identified. The quality score of studies range from 1 to 6, and the median was 3.32. Compared with controls, the results of the meta-analysis indicated EAAGA exerted a significant effect in decreasing the escape latency and error times and in increasing the length of time spent in the platform quadrant and the number of platform crossings representing learning ability and memory function (all P < 0.01). The possible mechanisms of EAAGA are largely through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiapoptosis activities, inhibition of neurotoxicity, regulating synaptic plasticity, protecting cerebrovascular, stimulating cholinergic system, and suppressing astrocyte activation. In conclusion, EAAGA exert potential neuroprotective effects in experimental cognition impairment, and EAAGA could be a candidate for cognition impairment treatment and further clinical trials.
Collapse
|
12
|
Panda S, Sahoo S, Tripathy K, Singh YD, Sarma MK, Babu PJ, Singh MC. Essential oils and their pharmacotherapeutics applications in human diseases. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-020-00477-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
13
|
Koyama S, Heinbockel T. The Effects of Essential Oils and Terpenes in Relation to Their Routes of Intake and Application. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1558. [PMID: 32106479 PMCID: PMC7084246 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils have been used in multiple ways, i.e., inhaling, topically applying on the skin, and drinking. Thus, there are three major routes of intake or application involved: the olfactory system, the skin, and the gastro-intestinal system. Understanding these routes is important for clarifying the mechanisms of action of essential oils. Here we summarize the three systems involved, and the effects of essential oils and their constituents at the cellular and systems level. Many factors affect the rate of uptake of each chemical constituent included in essential oils. It is important to determine how much of each constituent is included in an essential oil and to use single chemical compounds to precisely test their effects. Studies have shown synergistic influences of the constituents, which affect the mechanisms of action of the essential oil constituents. For the skin and digestive system, the chemical components of essential oils can directly activate gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors and transient receptor potential channels (TRP) channels, whereas in the olfactory system, chemical components activate olfactory receptors. Here, GABA receptors and TRP channels could play a role, mostly when the signals are transferred to the olfactory bulb and the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Koyama
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Thomas Heinbockel
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
The Effects of Various Essential Oils on Epilepsy and Acute Seizure: A Systematic Review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:6216745. [PMID: 31239862 PMCID: PMC6556313 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6216745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Many essential oils (EOs) have anticonvulsant activity and might benefit people with epilepsy. Lemongrass, lavender, clove, dill, and other EOs containing constituents such as asarone, carvone, citral, eugenol, or linalool are good candidates for evaluation as antiepileptic drugs. On the other hand, some EOs have convulsant effects and may trigger seizures in both epileptic and healthy individuals. Internal use of EOs like sage, hyssop, rosemary, camphor, pennyroyal, eucalyptus, cedar, thuja, and fennel can cause epileptic seizures because they contain thujone, 1,8-cineole, camphor, or pinocamphone, which have been identified as convulsive agents. While more research is needed to confirm their mechanisms of action, it appears that the convulsant or anticonvulsant properties of essential oils are largely due to (1) their ability to modulate the GABAergic system of neurotransmission and (2) their capacity to alter ionic currents through ion channels. This review presents a systematic analysis of the current research on EOs and epilepsy, including human case studies, animal models, and in vitro studies.
Collapse
|
15
|
|
16
|
Wang ZJ, Heinbockel T. Essential Oils and Their Constituents Targeting the GABAergic System and Sodium Channels as Treatment of Neurological Diseases. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051061. [PMID: 29724056 PMCID: PMC6099651 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils and the constituents in them exhibit different pharmacological activities, such as antinociceptive, anxiolytic-like, and anticonvulsant effects. They are widely applied as a complementary therapy for people with anxiety, insomnia, convulsion, pain, and cognitive deficit symptoms through inhalation, oral administration, and aromatherapy. Recent studies show that essential oils are emerging as a promising source for modulation of the GABAergic system and sodium ion channels. This review summarizes the recent findings regarding the pharmacological properties of essential oils and compounds from the oils and the mechanisms underlying their effects. Specifically, the review focuses on the essential oils and their constituents targeting the GABAergic system and sodium channels, and their antinociceptive, anxiolytic, and anticonvulsant properties. Some constituents target transient receptor potential (TRP) channels to exert analgesic effects. Some components could interact with multiple therapeutic target proteins, for example, inhibit the function of sodium channels and, at the same time, activate GABAA receptors. The review concentrates on perspective compounds that could be better candidates for new drug development in the control of pain and anxiety syndromes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Jun Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, 520 W Str., NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
| | - Thomas Heinbockel
- Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, 520 W Str., NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Seraj Z, Seyedarabi A, Saboury AA, Habibi-Rezaei M, Ahmadian S, Ghasemi A. Unraveling the novel effects of aroma from small molecules in preventing hen egg white lysozyme amyloid fibril formation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0189754. [PMID: 29357364 PMCID: PMC5777642 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated for the first time the molecular effectiveness of 'aroma' from three small molecules including a phenol (phenyl ethyl alcohol; PEA) and an aldehyde (cinnamaldehyde; Cin) both containing an aromatic ring, and a diamine (N,N,N,N'- Tetramethylethylenediamine; TEMED) at two different amounts (small; S and large; L) in preventing hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) amyloid fibril formation using Thioflavin T and Nile red fluorescence assays, circular dichroism spectroscopy, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, atomic force microscopy, dynamic light scattering and HEWL activity test. Interestingly, the results revealed that (1) the aroma of PEA, identified as an active constituent of Rosa damascena, prevented fibril formation since PEA-L was able to trap the oligomeric form of HEWL in contrast to PEA-S where protofibrils but not mature fibrils were formed; (2) Cin, previously shown to prevent fibril formation in the liquid form, was also shown to do so in the aroma form by producing protofibrils and not mature fibrils in both Cin- L and Cin-S aroma forms and (3) the aroma of TEMED-L was able to retain HEWL's native structure completely and prevented both aggregation and fibril formation, while TEMED-S prevented HEWL fibril formation and instead directed the pathway towards amorphous aggregate formation. Furthermore, the ability to trap oligomeric species (by PEA-L aroma) is of great importance for further research as it provides routes for preventing the formation of toxic oligomeric intermediates along the fibrillation pathway. Last but not least, the novelty of this in vitro study on the effect of aroma at the molecular level with a unique experimental set-up using HEWL as a model protein in assessing amyloid fibril formation paves the way for more and detailed studies on the importance of aroma producing molecules and their effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Seraj
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arefeh Seyedarabi
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Saboury
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Habibi-Rezaei
- School of Biology, University College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Ahmadian
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atiyeh Ghasemi
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Božović M, Ragno R. Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi and its Main Essential Oil Constituent Pulegone: Biological Activities and Chemistry. Molecules 2017; 22:E290. [PMID: 28216606 PMCID: PMC6155702 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants play an important role in the treatment of a wide range of diseases, even if their chemical constituents are not always completely recognized. Observations on their use and efficacy significantly contribute to the disclosure of their therapeutic properties. Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi is an aromatic herb with a mint-oregano flavor, used in the Mediterranean areas as a traditional medicine. It has an extensive range of biological activities, including antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, as well as anti-ulcer and insecticidal properties. This study aims to review the scientific findings and research reported to date on Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi that prove many of the remarkable various biological actions, effects and some uses of this species as a source of bioactive natural compounds. On the other hand, pulegone, the major chemical constituent of Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi essential oil, has been reported to exhibit numerous bioactivities in cells and animals. Thus, this integrated overview also surveys and interprets the present knowledge of chemistry and analysis of this oxygenated monoterpene, as well as its beneficial bioactivities. Areas for future research are suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mijat Božović
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Rino Ragno
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
- Alchemical Dynamics s.r.l., 00125 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yang J, Zheng X, Jin R, Han L, Ha L, Li J, Wang L, Liu P, Chu Z, Huang C, Chang H, Lao L, Zhao B. Effect of moxa smoke produced during combustion of Aiye (Folium Artemisiae Argyi) on behavioral changes in mice inhaling the smoke. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2016; 36:805-11. [PMID: 29949842 DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(17)30019-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects that inhalation of the combustion products of the traditional Chinese herb Aiye (Folium Artemisiae Argyi) has on the central nervous system. METHODS Forty Kunming mice (half male) were randomly assigned (n = 10/group) to a control
group (C) or one of three moxa smoke concentration groups (% opacity): low (L1; 0.4% ), medium
(M1; 2% ), and high (H1; 15% ). Mice in the latter three groups were exposed to moxa smoke in a dynamic
gas exposure cabinet for 20 min per day for 7 days. Mice in control group were placed in the
same cabinet without any intervention. For the sleep experiments, another 50 mice were divided
into five groups of 10 mice each: a saline-injected control group, L1 + pentobarbital sodium (PS)-injected
group, M1 + PS group, H1 (15% ) + PS group, and a positive control group (10 mg/kg, chlorpromazine,
p.o.). The weight, general activities, locomotor activities, rotarod performance, sleep duration,
and sleeping rate induced by a subthreshold dose of pentobarbital sodium were recorded in the mice,
and the composition of moxa smoke was analyzed using headspace gas chromatography (GC-HS). RESULTS A low concentration of smoke significantly decreased the frequency of locomotor activities
and the time for which the mice remaining on the rotarod; however, a high smoke concentration significantly
prolonged the pentobarbital-induced sleeping time and sleeping rate. CONCLUSION The concentration-dependent relaxing effects of moxa smoke on the Central Nervous
System (CNS) were confirmed. Moreover, GC-HS analysis showed that the component present in the
highest concentration in moxa smoke was eucalyptol, an essential oil well recognized for its soothing
effects on the CNS. This may therefore be accountable for the sedative effects of moxa smoke.
Collapse
|
20
|
Lee YH, Kim D, Lee MJ, Kim MJ, Jang HS, Park SH, Lee JM, Lee HY, Park CB, Han BS, Son WC, Kang JS, Kang JK. Subchronic toxicity of Acorus gramineus rhizoma in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 183:46-53. [PMID: 26924566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Acorus gramineus rhizoma (AGR) is the dry rhizome of Acorus gramineus Solander from the family Araceae that has been used as sedative, analgesic, diuretic, digestive and antifungal agent. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) and the toxicity of AGR, following repeated oral administration to rats for 13 weeks. MATERIALS AND METHODS AGR was administered by oral gavage to groups of rats (10 per group, each sex) at doses of 0 (control), 25, 74, 222, 667, or 2,000mg/kg/day, 5 times per week for 13 weeks. Mortality, clinical signs, body weights, food consumption, hematology, serum chemistry, urinalysis, vaginal cytology, sperm motility, sperm morphology, organ weights, gross and histopathological findings were compared between control and AGR groups. RESULTS No mortality or remarkable clinical signs were observed during this 13-week study. No adverse effects on body weight, food consumption, urinalysis, hematology, serum chemistry, organ weights, gross lesion, histopathology, vaginal cytology, sperm motility or deformity were observed in any of the male or female rats treated with AGR. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of these results, the NOAEL of AGR is determined to be 2,000mg/kg/day for male and female rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hoon Lee
- Pathology Team, Biotoxtech Co., Ltd., 53 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea; Pathology Department, Chronic Inhalation Toxicity Research Center, Chemicals Toxicity Research Bureau, Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, KOSHA, 339-30 Expo-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-380, Republic of Korea
| | - Duyeol Kim
- Pathology Team, Biotoxtech Co., Ltd., 53 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ju Lee
- Pathology Team, Biotoxtech Co., Ltd., 53 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Jun Kim
- Pathology Team, Biotoxtech Co., Ltd., 53 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Song Jang
- Pathology Team, Biotoxtech Co., Ltd., 53 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hee Park
- Pathology Team, Biotoxtech Co., Ltd., 53 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Pathology Team, Biotoxtech Co., Ltd., 53 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Namseoul University, 91 Daehak-ro, Seonghwan-eup, Sebuk-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 331-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Yeong Lee
- Pathology Team, Biotoxtech Co., Ltd., 53 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Beom Park
- Pathology Team, Biotoxtech Co., Ltd., 53 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Seok Han
- Division of Toxicopathology, Hoseo Toxicology Research Center, Hoseo University, 79 Hoseo-ro, BaeBang-Myeon, Asan, Chungnam 336-795, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Chan Son
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seok Kang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Namseoul University, 91 Daehak-ro, Seonghwan-eup, Sebuk-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 331-707, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Koo Kang
- Pathology Team, Biotoxtech Co., Ltd., 53 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea; Department of Laboratory Animal medicine, College of Veterinary medicine, Chungbuk National University, 52 Naesudong-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ekpenyong CE, Akpan E, Nyoh A. Ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and biological activities of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf extracts. Chin J Nat Med 2016; 13:321-37. [PMID: 25986281 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(15)30023-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cymbopogon citratus is a widely distributed perennial herb belonging to the Poaceae family and has been extensively consumed for its medicinal, cosmetic, and nutritional effects for centuries. A large number of reports have been published describing the pharmacological, biological, and therapeutic actions of this herb. In this review, we summarized the literatures on related studies (up to January, 2014) that highlighted the pharmacologic and biological effects of the major phytochemicals isolated from C. citratus extracts and its essential oil. The components of the essential oils found in C. citratus have a similar pharmacokinetic properties, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. They are quickly absorbed following oral, pulmonary, and dermal administration. Based on the published reports, it can also be inferred that, after absorption from the small intestine, some phytochemicals in C. citratus can undergo oxidation, glucuronidation, sulfation, and/or O-methylation. Excretion is through urine, feces and/or expired volatiles. The biotransformation reactions of C. citratus bioactive constituents are essential for its relatively safe consumption and therapeutic applications. The data available so far warrant further studies evaluating C. citratus pharmacokinetics. Reliable pharmacokinetic data in humans would be critical for a better understanding of the the systemic handling of C. citratus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Ekpenyong
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Uyo, Uyo Nigeria.
| | - Ernest Akpan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Uyo, Uyo Nigeria
| | - Azah Nyoh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Fajemiroye JO, Galdino PM, De Paula JAM, Rocha FF, Akanmu MA, Vanderlinde FA, Zjawiony JK, Costa EA. Anxiolytic and antidepressant like effects of natural food flavour (E)-methyl isoeugenol. Food Funct 2015; 5:1819-28. [PMID: 24920211 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00109e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
(E)-methyl isoeugenol (MIE) is a natural food flavour that constitutes 93.7% of an essential oil from Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus leaf. The leaf extracts of this species are used as a calming agent. As a ubiquitous food additive, the application of MIE for treating mood disorders appears to be globally attractive. Hence, we sought to evaluate general pharmacological activities, anticonvulsant, anxiolytic and antidepressant effects and the possible mechanisms of MIE actions. Administration of MIE was carried out prior to the exposure of a male Swiss mice to general behavioural tests, barbiturate sleep, PTZ-induced convulsion, light dark box (LDB), elevated plus maze (EPM), wire hanging, open field (OF) and forced swimming test (FST). The involvement of monoamine system was studied by mice pretreatment with WAY100635 (antagonist of 5-HT1A), α-methyl-p-tyrosine (AMPT; depletor of catecholamine) or p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA; depletor of serotonin storage). There was no record of neurotoxic effect or animal's death during the course of general pharmacological tests. MIE at 250 and 500 mg kg(-1) potentiated the hypnotic effect of sodium pentobarbital. However, MIE did not protect against PTZ-induced convulsion. Except for MIE at 500 mg kg(-1), parameters evaluated in the LDB, EPM and OF demonstrated an anxiolytic like property of MIE. This effect was blocked by WAY100635 pretreatment. MIE at 500 mg kg(-1) elicited a reduction in locomotor activity of the mice in the OF. Anti-immobility effect of MIE 250 mg kg(-1) in the FST suggested an antidepressive like property. Unlike AMPT, pretreatment with PCPA reversed the antidepressant like effect of MIE. Our findings demonstrated anxiolytic and antidepressant like properties of (E)-methyl isoeugenol and suggested the participation of serotonergic pathways.
Collapse
|
23
|
Park HJ, Lim EJ, Zhao RJ, Oh SR, Jung JW, Ahn EM, Lee ES, Koo JS, Kim HY, Chang S, Shim HS, Kim KJ, Gwak YS, Yang CH. Effect of the fragrance inhalation of essential oil from Asarum heterotropoides on depression-like behaviors in mice. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:43. [PMID: 25881143 PMCID: PMC4354743 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0571-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Psychological stressors may cause affective disorders, such as depression and anxiety, by altering expressions of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), serotonin (5-HT), and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the brain. This study investigated the effects of essential oil from Asarum heterotropoides (EOAH) on depression-like behaviors and brain expressions of CRF, 5-HT, and TH in mice challenged with stress. Methods Male ICR mice received fragrance inhalation of EOAH (0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g) for 3 h in the special cage capped with a filter paper before start of the forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST). The duration of immobility was measured for the determination of depression-like behavior in the FST and TST. The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine as positive control was administered at a dose of 15 mg/kg (i.p.) 30 min before start of behavioral testing. Immunoreactivities of CRF, 5-HT, and TH in the brain were also measured using separate groups of mice subjected to the FST. Results EOAH at higher doses (1.0 and 2.0 g) reduced immobility time in the FST and TST. In addition, EOAH at a dose of 1.0 g significantly reduced the expected increases in the expression of CRF positive neurons in the paraventricular nucleus and the expression of TH positive neurons in the locus coeruleus, and the expected decreases of the 5-HT positive neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus. Conclusion These results provide strong evidence that EOAH effectively inhibits depression-like behavioral responses, brain CRF and TH expression increases, and brain 5-HT expression decreases in mice challenged with stress.
Collapse
|
24
|
Ito K, Akahoshi Y, Ito M, Kaneko S. Sedative effects of inhaled essential oil components of traditional fragrance Pogostemon cablin leaves and their structure-activity relationships. J Tradit Complement Med 2015; 6:140-5. [PMID: 27114936 PMCID: PMC4833466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants rich in essential oils, such as Pogostemon cablin (P. cablin; guǎng huò xiāng), have been used for aromas and as herbal medicines since ancient times because of their sedative effects. We investigated the sedative effects of hexane extract from P. cablin using locomotor activity in mice. Inhalation of P. cablin hexane extract exhibited significant sedative activity in a dose-dependent manner. In order to isolate the active constituents, the extract was fractionated and diacetone alcohol was identified as an active compound. Inhalation of diacetone alcohol significantly reduced murine locomotor activity in a dose-dependent manner, and this effect was not observed in olfaction-impaired mice. We examined the structure-activity relationship of diacetone alcohol and similar compounds. The ketone group at the two-position and number of carbons may play important roles in the sedative activity of diacetone alcohol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Ito
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Medicinal Chemical Sciences, Pharmacognosy, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashinaku, Kyoto, Japan; The Museum of Osaka University, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Yasuko Akahoshi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michiho Ito
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuji Kaneko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kim JH, Chung HS, Antonisamy P, Lee SR, Bae H. Cardioprotective effect of rhizomes of Acorus gramineus against isoproterenol-induced cardiac damage in pigs. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2015; 14:183-92. [PMID: 24420420 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-014-9243-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the cardioprotective potential of water extract of rhizomes of Acorus gramineus (AGR) against isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction. Male pigs were orally administered with 250 or 500 mg/kg of AGR or with vehicle for 9 days, with concurrent subcutaneous injections of ISO on the 8th and 9th day. Administration of AGR significantly ameliorated ISO-induced cardiac dysfunctions as evidenced by the ventricular ST-segment interval and R-amplitude as well as the left ventricle fractional shortening and ejection fraction. Additionally, administration of AGR significantly attenuated increased cardiac injury markers, such as cardiac troponin T, tumor necrosis factor-α, and myeloperoxidase activity, and cardiac marker enzymes, and prevented the depletion of antioxidant parameters. Malondialdehyde formation was also inhibited by AGR. Based on the results, it is concluded that AGR possesses significant cardioprotective potential and may serve as an adjunct in the treatment and prophylaxis of myocardial infarction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, 664-14, 1GA, Duckjin-Dong, Duckjin-Gu, Jeollabuk-Do, Chonju City, 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chen Y, Wei G, Nie H, Lin Y, Tian H, Liu Y, Yu X, Cheng S, Yan R, Wang Q, Liu DH, Deng W, Lai Y, Zhou JH, Zhang SX, Lin WW, Chen DF. β-Asarone prevents autophagy and synaptic loss by reducing ROCK expression in asenescence-accelerated prone 8 mice. Brain Res 2014; 1552:41-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
27
|
Nugroho A, Lim SC, Choi J, Park HJ. Identification and quantification of the sedative and anticonvulsant flavone glycoside from Chrysanthemum boreale. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 36:51-60. [PMID: 23325489 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The flowers or leaves of Chrysanthemum boreale (Compositae) have been traditionally used as herb tea to reduce anxiety, insomnia, and stress. Sedative and anticonvulsant activities were evaluated in mice using pentobarbital-induced sleeping assay and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced convulsion assay. The flower extract exhibited more potent activities than the extracts of the leaves and stems, and chromatographic isolation yielded the five compounds acacetin, linarin, acacetin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside, chlorogenic acid, and 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid. These compounds were simultaneously analyzed by HPLC, and the method was validated. The contents of linarin, which were shown to be most abundant in C. boreale, were observed in the order of leaf (11.93 mg/g) > flower (8.50 mg/g) > stem (5.60 mg/g). Linarin and its aglycone, acacetin, exhibited sedative and anticonvulsant activities in the present in vivo assays. It can be considered that linarin is one of the active compounds effective against anxiety, insomnia, and stress, with acacetin as its active moiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agung Nugroho
- Department of Applied Plant Sciences, Graduate School, Sangji University, Wonju, Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Han P, Han T, Peng W, Wang XR. Antidepressant-like effects of essential oil and asarone, a major essential oil component from the rhizome of Acorus tatarinowii. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2013; 51:589-94. [PMID: 23363070 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2012.751616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Depression is one of the most common psychiatric diseases. Acorus tatarinowii Schott (Araceae) has shown many bioactivities in treatment of senile dementia and epilepsy. However, there is no report on antidepressant-like effects of the essential oil (EO) and its major components on animals under standardized experimental procedures. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to investigate the antidepressant properties of EO and asarones from the rhizomes of A. tatarinowii. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to determine the composition of EO. The forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST) and open-field test (OFT) were used to evaluate the antidepressant-like effects of EO and asarones. EO [30, 60, 120 or 240 mg/kg, per os (p.o.)], asarones (α-asarone and β-asarone) [5, 10 and 20 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p.)] and imipramine (15 mg/kg, i.p.) were administered at 1 h, 30 min and 30 min before the test, respectively. RESULTS From the results of GC/MS, it was found that the main components of the EO were α-asarone (9.18%) and β-asarone (68.9%). From the results of FST and TST, the immobility time can be reduced to 166 ± 17 s (p < 0.01) and 146 ± 15 s (p < 0.05) by EO at the dose of 120 mg/kg. Moreover, significant antidepressant-like effects were shown by α-asarone with the immobility time of 178 ± 15 s (p < 0.05) and 159 ± 17 s (p < 0.01) in FST, or 147 ± 12 (p < 0.05) and 134 ± 12 s (p < 0.01) in TST at the dose of 10 and 20 mg/kg. β-Asarone also displayed antidepressant-like effects with an immobility time of 179 ± 18 s (p < 0.05) in FST or 142 ± 14 (p < 0.05) in TST at 20 mg/kg. However, no change in ambulation was observed in the OFT. CONCLUSION The results obtained indicate that the EO and asarones from the rhizomes of A. tatarinowii can be considered as a new therapeutic agent for curing depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Han
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan Military Region, PLA, Jinan, PR China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Meng X, Zhao X, Wang S, Jia P, Bai Y, Liao S, Zheng X. Simultaneous Determination of Volatile Constituents from Acorus tatarinowii Schott in Rat Plasma by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry with Selective Ion Monitoring and Application in Pharmacokinetic Study. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2013; 2013:949830. [PMID: 24349826 PMCID: PMC3855985 DOI: 10.1155/2013/949830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive and specific gas chromatographic-mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring (GC-MS/SIM) method has been developed for simultaneous identification and quantification of α -asarone, β-asarone, and methyl eugenol of Acorus tatarinowii Schott in rat plasma. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Restek Rxi-5MS capillary column (30 m × 0.32 mm × 0.25 μm), using 1-naphthol as internal standard (IS). MS detection of these compounds and IS was performed at m/z 178, 208, 208, and 144. Intra- and interday precisions of all compounds of interest were less than 10%. The recoveries are situated in the range of 92.4-105.2%. Pharmacokinetics of methyl eugenol confirmed to be one-compartment open model, α -asarone and β -asarone was two-compartment open model, respectively. The method will probably be an alternative to simultaneous determination and pharmacokinetic study of volatile ingredients in Acorus tatarinowii Schott.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Meng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, P.O. Box 195, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xinfeng Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, P.O. Box 195, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Shixiang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, P.O. Box 195, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Pu Jia
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, P.O. Box 195, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yajun Bai
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, P.O. Box 195, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Sha Liao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, P.O. Box 195, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, P.O. Box 195, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
- Key Lab for New Drugs Research of TCM in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
- *Xiaohui Zheng:
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Jiang J, Kim JJ, Kim DY, Kim MK, Oh NH, Koppula S, Park PJ, Choi DK, Shin YK, Kim IH, Kang TB, Lee KH. Acorus gramineus inhibits microglia mediated neuroinflammation and prevents neurotoxicity in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 144:506-513. [PMID: 23085397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Acorus gramineus Solander (Acoraceae, AG), is a widely distributed plant in Asian countries. Rhizome part of this plant has long been used as a traditional medicine for treating various symptoms including central nervous system (CNS) disorders. AIM OF STUDY The anti-neuroinflammatory effect of AG aqueous extract was investigated using in vitro cellular and in vivo Parkinson's disease (PD) mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is used to stimulate BV-2 microglial cells in vitro and the changes in neuroinflammatory expressional levels were measured using ELISA, Western blotting, RT-PCR and immunofluorescence techniques. In in vivo experiments, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-intoxicated mouse model of PD was developed followed by immunohistochemical analysis of specific brain tissues. RESULTS LPS-stimulation to BV-2 cells increased the production of nitric oxide (NO) and proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β. Pretreatment with AG extract inhibited the increased levels of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells. Mechanistic study revealed that AG acts via the regulation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and TRIF-dependent signaling pathways. Further, AG protected MPTP-induced neuronal cell death and inhibited neuroinflammation in vivo. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that AG extract exerted anti-neuroinflammatory effects against activated microglia mediated insults through multiple signaling pathways and prevented in vivo neuronal cell death in mouse model of PD substantiating the traditional claims for its use in CNS disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jiang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Reaearch Institute of Inflammatory Diseases, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Miao JK, Chen QX, Li C, Li XW, Wu XM, Zhang XP. Modulation Effects of α-Asarone on the GABA homeostasis in the Lithium-Pilocarpine Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. INT J PHARMACOL 2012. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2013.24.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
32
|
Kulkarni R, Girish KJ, Kumar A. Nootropic herbs (Medhya Rasayana) in Ayurveda: An update. Pharmacogn Rev 2012; 6:147-53. [PMID: 23055641 PMCID: PMC3459457 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.99949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive deficits that present with many of neuropsychiatric conditions and/or alone as developmental deficit demand use of nootropics to boost cognitive abilities. Recently there is a tremendous urge to explore medicinal plants globally for improving cognitive function owing to their less adverse effects. Ayurveda provides a list of herbs known for nootropic activity as well as their multi-dimensional utility in various conditions. Present paper is a review to update knowledge on pharmacological properties, major chemical constituents, therapeutic actions, preclinical studies, safety and possible mode of action of the selected herbs from ayurvedic pharmacopoeia. Concurrently, it opens up for further research and standardization on nootropic herbs
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reena Kulkarni
- Department of Post Graduate Studies in Kaumarabhritya, SDM College of Ayurveda, Hassan, Karnataka, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Simultaneous determination of α-, β- and γ-asarone in Acorus tatarinowii by microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography with [BMIM]PF6 as oil phase. Talanta 2012; 101:510-5. [PMID: 23158356 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a rapid and repeatable microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography (MEEKC) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of three isomers (α-, β- and γ-asarone) in Acorus tatarinowii by using ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM]PF(6)) as oil phase. Experimental parameters including the microemulsion compositions (concentrations of surfactant, co-surfactant and oil phase), pH, concentration of borate buffer, capillary temperature and voltage were intensively investigated. Finally, the main compounds in the methanol extract of A. tatarinowii were well separated within 11 min using a running buffer composed of 40 mmol/L sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS), 2.0 mol/L n-propanol, 8 mmol/L [BMIM]PF(6) in 10 mmol/L borate buffer of pH 9.5. The developed method was applied to determine the contents of α-, β- and γ-asarone in A. tatarinowii from five different producing areas in China (Anhui, Hebei, Sichuan, Zhejiang and Chongqing). The results indicated that the contents of three asarones are quite different in the investigated A. tatarinowii samples. On the other hand, the MEEKC with ionic liquid as oil phase should be a promising method for the analysis of volatile components especially isomers in medicinal herbs.
Collapse
|
34
|
Bhat SD, Ashok BK, Acharya RN, Ravishankar B. Anticonvulsant activity of raw and classically processed Vacha (Acorus calamus Linn.) rhizomes. Ayu 2012; 33:119-22. [PMID: 23049196 PMCID: PMC3456849 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8520.100328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The rhizome of Vacha (Acorus calamus) has been used in Ayurvedic medicine for the treatment of various ailments, such as epilepsy, headache, eye disorders, insomnia, loss of memory, etc. Previous studies demonstrated that Vacha rhizome is having significant anticonvulsant activity against various induced seizures models in experimental animals. Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia of India has advocated Shodhana (purificatory procedures) to be done prior to its use. In the present study a comparative anticonvulsant activity of raw and Shodhita (classically processed) Vacha rhizomes were screened against Maximal Electro Shock (MES) seizure model to assess the effect of classical purificatory procedure on pharmacological action of Vacha. Phenytoin was used as standard antiepileptic drug for comparison. Pretreatment with both raw and classically processed Vacha samples exhibited significant anticonvulsant activity by decreasing the duration of tonic extensor phase. Further classically processed Vacha statistically decreased the duration of convulsion and stupor phases of MES-induced seizures. The results obtained from the present study clearly confirmed the anticonvulsant activity of raw Vacha and subjecting to classical Shodhana procedure did not alter the efficacy of Vacha rhizomes instead it enhanced the activity profile of the Vacha.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Savitha D Bhat
- Lecturer, Department of Dravyaguna, Muniyal Institute of Ayurveda Medical Sciences, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Miao JK, Chen QX, Wu XM, Li C, Zhang XP. Antiepileptic Properties of Alpha-asarone from Acori Graminei Rhizoma in
Mice and Rats Seizure Models. INT J PHARMACOL 2012. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2012.567.571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
36
|
Heldwein CG, Silva LL, Reckziegel P, Barros FMC, Bürger ME, Baldisserotto B, Mallmann CA, Schmidt D, Caron BO, Heinzmann BM. Participation of the GABAergic system in the anesthetic effect of Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E. Brown essential oil. Braz J Med Biol Res 2012; 45:436-43. [PMID: 22473320 PMCID: PMC3854290 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2012007500052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify the possible involvement of the GABAergic system in the anesthetic effect of Lippia alba essential oil (EO). We propose a new animal model using silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) exposed to an anesthetic bath to study the mechanism of action of EO. To observe the induction and potentiation of the anesthetic effect of EO, juvenile silver catfish (9.30 ± 1.85 g; 10.15 ± 0.95 cm; N = 6) were exposed to various concentrations of L. alba EO in the presence or absence of diazepam [an agonist of high-affinity binding sites for benzodiazepinic (BDZ) sites coupled to the GABA A receptor complex]. In another experiment, fish (N = 6) were initially anesthetized with the EO and then transferred to an anesthetic-free aquarium containing flumazenil (a selective antagonist of binding sites for BDZ coupled to the GABA A receptor complex) or water to assess recovery time from the anesthesia. In this case, flumazenil was used to observe the involvement of the GABA-BDZ receptor in the EO mechanism of action. The results showed that diazepam potentiates the anesthetic effect of EO at all concentrations tested. Fish exposed to diazepam and EO showed faster recovery from anesthesia when flumazenil was added to the recovery bath (12.0 ± 0.3 and 7.2 ± 0.7, respectively) than those exposed to water (9.2 ± 0.2 and 3.5 ± 0.3, respectively). In conclusion, the results demonstrated the involvement of the GABAergic system in the anesthetic effect of L. alba EO on silver catfish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C G Heldwein
- Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Shaaban HA, El-Ghorab AH, Shibamoto T. Bioactivity of essential oils and their volatile aroma components: Review. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2012.659528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
38
|
γ-Amino butyric acid analogs as novel potent GABA-AT inhibitors: molecular docking, synthesis, and biological evaluation. Med Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0023-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
39
|
Tan KH, Nishida R. Methyl eugenol: its occurrence, distribution, and role in nature, especially in relation to insect behavior and pollination. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2012; 12:56. [PMID: 22963669 PMCID: PMC3500151 DOI: 10.1673/031.012.5601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses the occurrence and distribution (within a plant) of methyl eugenol in different plant species (> 450) from 80 families spanning many plant orders, as well as various roles this chemical plays in nature, especially in the interactions between tephritid fruit flies and plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keng Hong Tan
- Tan Hak Heng, 20, Jalan Tan Jit Seng, 11200 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ritsuo Nishida
- Laboratory of Chemical Ecology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606–8502, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ilaiyaraja N, Khanum F. Amelioration of Alcohol-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Oxidative Stress in Rats byAcorus Calamus. J Diet Suppl 2011; 8:331-45. [DOI: 10.3109/19390211.2011.615805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
41
|
Pawar VS, Anup A, Shrikrishna B, Shivakumar H. Antidepressant–like effects of Acorus calamus in forced swimming and tail suspension test in mice. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(11)60114-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
|
42
|
Emadi F, Yassa N, Hadjiakhoondi A, Beyer C, Sharifzadeh M. Sedative effects of Iranian Artemisia annua in mice: possible benzodiazepine receptors involvement. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2011; 49:784-788. [PMID: 21554148 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2010.548389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Artemisia annua L. (Asteraceae), commonly known as sweet wormwood or Qinghao, is an annual herb/shrub native of Asia. The plant grows broadly in Caspian Sea shores in North of Iran. In China, the aerial parts of this plant are source of artemisinin, which is an antimalarial compound. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to establish the scientific basis of reported ethnomedicinal use of A. annua as sedative agent. MATERIAL AND METHODS The plants were gathered from Gilan Province in Iran. Plant aerial parts were extracted with methanol and concentrated in vacuum. Methanol extract was partitioned into chloroform, petroleum ether, and ethyl acetate. Each fraction was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) in male mice with different concentrations (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg), and for evaluation of sedative activity, immobility time was determined. In effort to clarify the mechanism of action, flumazenil (3 mg/kg, i.p.) as a benzodiazepine (BZD) receptor antagonist was injected 15 min before chloroform fraction (200 mg/kg, i.p.). RESULTS Compared with control group (saline-treated mice), the chloroform fraction significantly increased immobility time in a dose-dependent manner. Flumazenil decreased immobility time induced by chloroform fraction significantly. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The results of the present study suggest that A. annua growing in Iran has sedative effects, which are probably mediated via BZD receptors pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Emadi
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sampaio LDFS, Maia JGS, de Parijós AM, de Souza RZ, Barata LES. Linalool from rosewood (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke) oil inhibits adenylate cyclase in the retina, contributing to understanding its biological activity. Phytother Res 2011; 26:73-7. [PMID: 21544884 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Revised: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Rosewood oil (RO) (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke) is rich in linalool, a monoterpene alcohol, which has well studied anxiolytic, sedative and anticonvulsant effects. The inhibition of the increases in cAMP protects against seizures in a diversity of models of epilepsy. In this paper, the principal aim was to investigate the effects of RO, (±)-linalool and (-)-linalool) on adenylate cyclase. They were tested in chick retinas and forskolin was used to stimulate the enzyme target. The phosphodiesterase inhibitor, 4-(3-butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-imidazolidin-2-one, and the non-selective adenosine receptor antagonist 3-isobutyl-methyl-xanthine (IBMX), were used to control the participation of phosphodiesterase and adenosine receptors in the resulting effects, respectively. The cAMP accumulation was measured by enzyme immune assay (EIA). Rosewood oil, (-)-linalool and (±)-linalool inhibited exclusively the cAMP accumulation stimulated by forskolin, even when adenosine receptors were blocked with IBMX. The IC(50) values (in μ m concentration range) calculated from their concentration response-curves were not statistically different, however, the compounds presented a different relative efficacy. These results extend the range of subcellular mechanisms underlying the relaxant action of linalool on the central nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia de Fatima S Sampaio
- Laboratório de Bioquímica do Desenvolvimento do Sistema Nervoso, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Nóbrega de Almeida R, Agra MDF, Negromonte Souto Maior F, de Sousa DP. Essential oils and their constituents: anticonvulsant activity. Molecules 2011; 16:2726-42. [PMID: 21441872 PMCID: PMC6259740 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16032726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A literature-based survey of plants species and their essential oils with anticonvulsant activity was carried out. As results, 30 species belonging to 13 families and 23 genera were identified for their activities in the experimental models used for anticonvulsant drug screening. Thirty chemical constituents of essential oils with anticonvulsant properties were described. Information on these 30 species is presented together with isolated bioactive compound studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reinaldo Nóbrega de Almeida
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Federal University of Paraíba, Caixa Postal 5009, CEP 58051-970, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil; E-Mails: ; (M.-F.A); (F.-N.S.M.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail:
| | - Maria de Fátima Agra
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Federal University of Paraíba, Caixa Postal 5009, CEP 58051-970, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil; E-Mails: ; (M.-F.A); (F.-N.S.M.)
| | - Flávia Negromonte Souto Maior
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Federal University of Paraíba, Caixa Postal 5009, CEP 58051-970, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil; E-Mails: ; (M.-F.A); (F.-N.S.M.)
| | - Damião Pergentino de Sousa
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, CEP 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil; E-Mail:
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Monforte MT, Tzakou O, Nostro A, Zimbalatti V, Galati EM. Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Calamintha officinalis Moench Essential Oil. J Med Food 2011; 14:297-303. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2009.0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Monforte
- Pharmaco-Biological Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Olga Tzakou
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonia Nostro
- Pharmaco-Biological Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Zimbalatti
- Pharmaco-Biological Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Enza Maria Galati
- Pharmaco-Biological Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ito K, Ito M. Sedative effects of vapor inhalation of the essential oil of Microtoena patchoulii and its related compounds. J Nat Med 2011; 65:336-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-010-0502-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
47
|
Pages N, Maurois P, Delplanque B, Bac P, Stables JP, Tamariz J, Chamorro G, Vamecq J. Activities of α-asarone in various animal seizure models and in biochemical assays might be essentially accounted for by antioxidant properties. Neurosci Res 2010; 68:337-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2010.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2009] [Revised: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
48
|
Wei A, Shibamoto T. Antioxidant/lipoxygenase inhibitory activities and chemical compositions of selected essential oils. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:7218-7225. [PMID: 20499917 DOI: 10.1021/jf101077s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-five essential oils were tested for antioxidant activities using a conjugated diene assay, the aldehyde/carboxylic acid assay, the DPPH free radical scavenging assay, and the malonaldehyde/gas chromatography (MA/GC) assay. They were also tested for lipoxygenase inhibitory activities using the lipoxygenase inhibitor-screening assay. Thyme oil exhibited the greatest antioxidant effect in all assays (80-100%) except in the DPPH assay (60%). Clove leaf oil showed activities comparable to those of thyme oil (53-100%). Cinnamon leaf oil showed strong activities in the aldehyde/carboxylic acid assay (100%) and DPPH assay (84%), but only moderate activities in the conjugated diene assay (24%) and MA/GC assay (48%). Basil oil exhibited a strong effect in the DPPH assay (86%) and moderate activities in the MA/GC assay (35%). Bergamot oil exhibited 100% antioxidant activity in the aldehyde/carboxylic acid assay. Eucalyptus and chamomile oils showed appreciable activities only in the conjugated diene assay. Bitter orange oil exhibited moderate antioxidant activity (53%) only in the MA/GC assay. Aloe vera oil exhibited the greatest lipoxygenase inhibitory activity (96%), followed by thyme oil (86%) and bergamot oil (85%) at a concentration of 0.5 microg/mL. Chamomile oil showed slight lipoxygenase inhibitory activity at 0.5 microg/mL but strong lipoxygenase inducing activity at 5 microg/mL (-123%). Thyme and clove leaf oils contained high levels of thymol (23%) and eugenol (77%), respectively, as a principal of the antioxidant activity. The results obtained in the present study suggest that some essential oils possess strong medicinal activities, which can be utilized for treatment of certain diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfreda Wei
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
An HJ, Rim HK, Suh SE, Jeong HJ, Um JY, Hong SH, Kim HM. Gamiwalbitang, composed of four herbs, controls body weight increase and lipid level elevation induced by a high-fat diet in mice. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2010; 32:307-12. [DOI: 10.3109/08923970903335108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
50
|
Trofimova LK, Suvorova IA, Maslova MV, Graf AV, Maklakova AS, Sokolova NA, Dunaeva TY, Kudryashova NY, Khirazova EE, Krushinskaya YV, Goncharenko EN, Baizhumanov AA. Effects of single immobilization stress on the GABA metabolism and behavior of pregnant and nonpregnant female rats during early post-stress period. NEUROCHEM J+ 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712409030064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|