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Lee YH, Kim D, Lee MJ, Kim MJ, Jang HS, Park SH, Lee JM, Lee HY, Park CB, Han BS, Son WC, Kang JS, Kang JK. Subchronic toxicity of Acorus gramineus rhizoma in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 183:46-53. [PMID: 26924566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Acorus gramineus rhizoma (AGR) is the dry rhizome of Acorus gramineus Solander from the family Araceae that has been used as sedative, analgesic, diuretic, digestive and antifungal agent. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) and the toxicity of AGR, following repeated oral administration to rats for 13 weeks. MATERIALS AND METHODS AGR was administered by oral gavage to groups of rats (10 per group, each sex) at doses of 0 (control), 25, 74, 222, 667, or 2,000mg/kg/day, 5 times per week for 13 weeks. Mortality, clinical signs, body weights, food consumption, hematology, serum chemistry, urinalysis, vaginal cytology, sperm motility, sperm morphology, organ weights, gross and histopathological findings were compared between control and AGR groups. RESULTS No mortality or remarkable clinical signs were observed during this 13-week study. No adverse effects on body weight, food consumption, urinalysis, hematology, serum chemistry, organ weights, gross lesion, histopathology, vaginal cytology, sperm motility or deformity were observed in any of the male or female rats treated with AGR. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of these results, the NOAEL of AGR is determined to be 2,000mg/kg/day for male and female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hoon Lee
- Pathology Team, Biotoxtech Co., Ltd., 53 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea; Pathology Department, Chronic Inhalation Toxicity Research Center, Chemicals Toxicity Research Bureau, Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, KOSHA, 339-30 Expo-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-380, Republic of Korea
| | - Duyeol Kim
- Pathology Team, Biotoxtech Co., Ltd., 53 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ju Lee
- Pathology Team, Biotoxtech Co., Ltd., 53 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Jun Kim
- Pathology Team, Biotoxtech Co., Ltd., 53 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Song Jang
- Pathology Team, Biotoxtech Co., Ltd., 53 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hee Park
- Pathology Team, Biotoxtech Co., Ltd., 53 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Pathology Team, Biotoxtech Co., Ltd., 53 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Namseoul University, 91 Daehak-ro, Seonghwan-eup, Sebuk-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 331-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Yeong Lee
- Pathology Team, Biotoxtech Co., Ltd., 53 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Beom Park
- Pathology Team, Biotoxtech Co., Ltd., 53 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Seok Han
- Division of Toxicopathology, Hoseo Toxicology Research Center, Hoseo University, 79 Hoseo-ro, BaeBang-Myeon, Asan, Chungnam 336-795, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Chan Son
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seok Kang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Namseoul University, 91 Daehak-ro, Seonghwan-eup, Sebuk-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 331-707, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Koo Kang
- Pathology Team, Biotoxtech Co., Ltd., 53 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea; Department of Laboratory Animal medicine, College of Veterinary medicine, Chungbuk National University, 52 Naesudong-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea.
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Jaiswal Y, Liang Z, Ho A, Chen H, Zhao Z. Metabolite profiling of tissues of Acorus calamus and Acorus tatarinowii rhizomes by using LMD, UHPLC-QTOF MS, and GC-MS. Planta Med 2015; 81:333-41. [PMID: 25760385 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1545694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Acorus calamus and its related species are of significant importance to the food and fragrance industries due to their varied applications. They are also a cause of critical concern due to their toxic β-asarone content. Several toxicity cases have occurred due to high β-asarone compositions in food products. Hence, limits for their use are strictly regulated by the Food and Drug Administration, the European Union, and legislations of different countries. The identification of species with a lower β-asarone content is of great significance. In this report, the metabolite profiles and essential oil content of A. calamus and Acorus tatarinowii rhizomes were analysed and compared using UHPLC-QTOF-MS and GC-MS techniques. The metabolite profiles were similar; however, β-asarone content was higher in A. calamus rhizomes. The developed methods can be applied for microscopic and macroscopic identification, and quality control of food products containing β-asarone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogini Jaiswal
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, P. R. China
| | - Zhitao Liang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, P. R. China
| | - Alan Ho
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, P. R. China
| | - Hubiao Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, P. R. China
| | - Zhongzhen Zhao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, P. R. China
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