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Wang M, Wang S, Tang HP, Li JY, Zhang ZJ, Yang BY, Kuang HX. Buddleja officinalis Maxim.: A review of its botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and therapeutic potential for ophthalmic diseases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116993. [PMID: 37541402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Buddleja officinalis Maxim. (B. officinalis), commonly known as "Menghua" "Yangerduo" is a widely recognized traditional herbal medicine in China, Korea, and Vietnam. For thousands of years, it has been used to treat dry eye disease, conjunctivitis, keratitis, eye ulcers, eye pain, cough, asthma, hemoptysis, and other medical conditions. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review article aims to provide a concise summary of the botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, medicinal potential, and application of B. officinalis in treating ophthalmic diseases and critically evaluates the existing literature to establish a scientific basis for its reasonable utilization and further investigation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The information reviewed in this study was collected from various electronic resources, including the Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar. RESULTS To date, 80 structurally diverse compounds have been isolated and characterized from B. officinalis, primarily flavonoids, phenylethanoids, triterpenoids, and monoterpenes. Extracts and compounds derived from B. officinalis have been reported to possess broad pharmacological effects including anti-dry eye disease, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, anti-diabetes, anti-obesity, improving osteoporosis and treatment of skin diseases. This review provides a reference for the future studies on of B. officinalis. CONCLUSIONS As a natural medicinal plant, B. officinalis is worthy of further development in botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and therapeutic potential for ophthalmic diseases. Although some components have demonstrated multiple pharmacological activities, their mechanisms of action remain unclear. Further studies on the underlying molecular basis and mechanism of action are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Hai-Peng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Jia-Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Zhao-Jiong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Bing-You Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Hai-Xue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China.
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Protective Effect of Cudrania tricuspidata Extract against High-Fat Diet Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease through Nrf-2/HO-1 Pathway. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092434. [PMID: 33922045 PMCID: PMC8122508 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common chronic disease affecting a wide range of the world’s population and associated with obesity-induced metabolic syndrome. It is possibly emerging as a leading cause of life-threatening liver diseases for which a drug with a specific therapeutic target has not been developed yet. Previously, there have been reports on the benefits of Cudrania tricuspidata (CT) for treating obesity and diabetes via regulation of metabolic processes, such as lipogenesis, lipolysis, and inflammation. In this study, we investigated the ameliorative effect of orally administered 0.25% and 0.5% (w/w) CT mixed with high-fat diet (HFD) to C57BL/6J mice for 7 weeks. It was found that body weight, fat mass, hepatic mass, serum glucose level, and liver cholesterol levels were significantly reduced after CT treatment. In CT-treated HFD-fed mice, the mRNA expression levels of hepatic lipogenic and inflammatory cytokine-related genes were markedly reduced, whereas the expression level of epididymal lipogenic genes was increased. The mRNA expression level of beta-oxidation and Nrf-2/HO-1 genes significantly increased in CT-treated obese mice livers. We propose that CT alleviates hepatic steatosis by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Kwon HS, Jeong GS, Jang BC. Cudratricusxanthone A Inhibits Lipid Accumulation and Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020505. [PMID: 33419132 PMCID: PMC7825570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cudratricusxanthone A (CTXA) is a natural bioactive compound extracted from the roots of Cudrania tricuspidata Bureau and has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and hepatoprotective activities. However, at present, anti-adipogenic and anti-inflammatory effects of CTXA on adipocytes remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of CTXA on lipid accumulation and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, two known inflammatory enzymes, in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Strikingly, CTXA at 10 µM markedly inhibited lipid accumulation and reduced triglyceride (TG) content during 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation with no cytotoxicity. On mechanistic levels, CTXA at 10 µM suppressed not only expression levels of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBP-α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and perilipin A, but also phosphorylation levels of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3) and STAT-5 during 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation. In addition, CTXA at 10 µM up-regulated phosphorylation levels of cAMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) while down-regulating expression and phosphorylation levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) during 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation. Moreover, CTXA at 10 µM greatly attenuated tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced expression of iNOS, but not COX-2, in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. These results collectively demonstrate that CTXA has strong anti-adipogenic and anti-inflammatory effects on 3T3-L1 cells through control of the expression and phosphorylation levels of C/EBP-α, PPAR-γ, FAS, ACC, perilipin A, STAT-3/5, AMPK, and iNOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Shin Kwon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea;
| | - Gil-Saeng Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea;
| | - Byeong-Churl Jang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-258-7404
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Yang S, Lee BS, Lee C, Ku SK, Bae JS. Anti-Septic Effects of Cudratricusxanthone A Against HMGB1-Mediated Septic Responses. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19856793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sumin Yang
- College of Pharmacy CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Seon Lee
- College of Pharmacy CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhun Lee
- College of Pharmacy CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- College of Pharmacy CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Lee Y, Jeong GS, Kim KM, Lee W, Bae JS. Cudratricusxanthone A attenuates sepsis-induced liver injury via SIRT1 signaling. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:5441-5446. [PMID: 29226969 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cudratricusxanthone A (CTXA), a natural bioactive compound extracted from the roots of Cudraniatricuspidata Bureau, is known to possess antithrombotic, antiproliferative, and antiinflammatory activities. It remains unclear that CTXA can improve hepatoprotective activity in vivo. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of CTXA on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver failure in mice, and to elucidate its underlying molecular mechanisms. Liver failure was induced by LPS (15 mg/kg, i.p.) in mice, and 12 hr later, they were treated intravenously with CTXA. Administration of LPS significantly increased mortality, serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and serum inflammatory cytokines. CTXA treatment effectively countered these effects of LPS. Further, LPS treatment markedly increased the expression of myeloperoxidase, phosphorylation of p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and expressions of nuclear proteins, such as nuclear factor (NF)-κB and phosphorylated c-Jun. Additionally, LPS increased the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6. All these effects of LPS were attenuated by CTXA. Moreover, CTXA increased the expression of sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) and reduced the expression of acetylated forkhead box O1 box O1 (Ac-FoxO1), acetylated Ac-p53, and acetylated nuclear factor-kappa beta (Ac-NF-κB). In conclusion, CTXA alleviates LPS-induced liver injury by reducing inflammatory responses and the potential mechanism is associated with SIRT1 signaling activation and finally could be used to treat liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Lee
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Gil-Saeng Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Kim
- Division of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied BioSciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonhwa Lee
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Deajeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Lee W, Lee Y, Jeong GS, Ku SK, Bae JS. Cudratricusxanthone A attenuates renal injury in septic mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 106:404-410. [PMID: 28595959 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
As a natural compound extracted from the roots of Cudrania tricuspidata Bureau, Cudratricusxanthone A (CTXA) is known to possess hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative activities. This study was aimed to clarify the role of CTXA in modulating renal functional damage in a mouse model of sepsis and to elucidate its underlying mechanisms. We examined the renal protective effects of CTXA on cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced renal damage by assessment of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), lipid peroxidation, total glutathione, glutathione peroxidase activity, catalase activity, and superoxide dismutase activity. Post-treatment with CTXA resulted in a significant reduction in the deleterious renal functions by CLP, such as elevated BUN, creatinine, and urine protein. Induction of nitric oxide synthase and excessive production of nitric acid by CLP surgery were significantly reduced by post-treatment with CTXA via inhibiting nuclear factor-κB activation. Furthermore, the plasma levels of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α were suppressed by CTXA post-treatment. Concurrently, CTXA treatment potently suppressed the CLP-induced septic lethality, rise of lipid peroxidation and markedly enhanced the antioxidant defense system by restoring the levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase in kidney. The present results suggested that CTXA could protect against sepsis-triggered renal injury in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonhwa Lee
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Lee
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Gil-Saeng Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610 Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Xin LT, Yue SJ, Fan YC, Wu JS, Yan D, Guan HS, Wang CY. Cudrania tricuspidata: an updated review on ethnomedicine, phytochemistry and pharmacology. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04322h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarized the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology ofCudrania tricuspidata, and the limitations of the studies on this species were also discussed so as to serve as the basis for further research and development of this medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Ting Xin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs
- The Ministry of Education of China
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266003
| | - Shi-Jun Yue
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs
- The Ministry of Education of China
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266003
| | - Ya-Chu Fan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs
- The Ministry of Education of China
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266003
| | - Jing-Shuai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs
- The Ministry of Education of China
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266003
| | - Dan Yan
- Beijing Shijitan Hospital
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100038
- P. R. China
| | - Hua-Shi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs
- The Ministry of Education of China
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266003
| | - Chang-Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs
- The Ministry of Education of China
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266003
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Li CP, Chang XJ, Fang L, Yao JB, Wang RW, Zhan ZJ, Ying YM, Shan WG. A New Rumenic Acid Derivative from the Roots of Cudrania tricuspidata. Chem Nat Compd 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-016-1594-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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9
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Nonprenylated Xanthones from Gentiana lutea, Frasera caroliniensis, and Centaurium erythraea as Novel Inhibitors of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation. Molecules 2015; 20:20381-90. [PMID: 26580586 PMCID: PMC6332299 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201119703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) plays a major role in restenosis, the pathological renarrowing of the blood vessel lumen after surgical treatment of stenosis. Since available anti-proliferative pharmaceuticals produce unfavorable side effects, there is high demand for the identification of novel VSMC proliferation inhibitors. A natural product screening approach using a resazurin conversion assay enabled the identification of gentisin (1) from Gentiana lutea as a novel inhibitor of VSMC proliferation with an IC50 value of 7.84 µM. Aiming to identify further anti-proliferative compounds, 13 additional nonprenylated xanthones, isolated from different plant species, were also tested. While some compounds showed no or moderate activity at 30 µM, 1-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetramethoxyxanthone (4), swerchirin (6), and methylswertianin (7) showed IC50 values between 10.2 and 12.5 µM. The anti-proliferative effect of 1, 4, 6, and 7 was confirmed by the quantification of DNA synthesis (BrdU incorporation) in VSMC. Cell death quantification (determined by LDH release in the culture medium) revealed that the compounds are not cytotoxic in the investigated concentration range. In conclusion, nonprenylated xanthones are identified as novel, non-toxic VSMC proliferation inhibitors, which might contribute to the development of new therapeutic applications to combat restenosis.
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Kim JE, Lee KW. Silkworm Thorn Stem Extract Targets RSK2 and Suppresses Solar UV-Induced Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:25096-107. [PMID: 26506342 PMCID: PMC4632792 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161025096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive exposure to solar UV (sUV) is associated with numerous human skin disorders, such as carcinogenesis, skin photoaging and skin inflammation. Silkworm Thorn (Cudraniatricuspidata, SW) is a plant belonging to the Moraceae family and widely present throughout Korea, China, and Japan. Most parts of the tree (including the fruit, leaf, stem, root, and bark) is consumable as a functional food or tea. In this study, we found that SW extract (SWE) inhibited the elevated expression of sUV-induced cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 levels in both HaCaT and JB6 cells. Levels of nuclear factor-κB and activator protein-1, two crucial transcription factors involved in COX-2 expression, were elevated by sUV treatment. Treatment with SWE abolished this activation. SWE also inhibited sUV-induced histone H3 phosphorylation. However, sUV-induced phosphorylation of Akt, c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 kinase remained unchanged in the presence of SWE. SWE inhibited RSK2 activity, and pull-down assays using SWE-Sepharose beads revealed that SWE binds directly with RSK2 in an ATP-competitive manner. These results suggest a potential for SWE to be developed as a cosmeceutical material and functional food constituent for the promotion of skin health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Eun Kim
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea.
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA.
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 443-270, Korea.
| | - Ki Won Lee
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea.
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 443-270, Korea.
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Ricci C, Ferri N. Naturally occurring PDGF receptor inhibitors with potential anti-atherosclerotic properties. Vascul Pharmacol 2015; 70:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Sim J, Choi E, Lee YM, Jeong GS, Lee S. In vitro inhibition of human cytochrome P450 by cudratricusxanthone A. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 81:171-175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Sim J, Choi E, Jeong GS, Lee S. Characterization of in vitro metabolites of cudratricusxanthone A in human liver microsomes. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2015; 36:325-36. [PMID: 25765476 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.1943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cudratricusxanthone A (CTXA), isolated from the roots of Cudrania tricuspidata, exhibits several biological activities; however, metabolic biotransformation was not investigated. Therefore, metabolites of CTXA were investigated and the major metabolic enzymes engaged in human liver microsomes (HLMs) were characterized using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). CTXA was incubated with HLMs or human recombinant CYPs and UGTs, and analysed by an LC-MS/MS equipped electrospray ionization (ESI) to qualify and quantify its metabolites. In total, eight metabolites were identified: M1-M4 were identified as mono-hydroxylated metabolites during Phase I, and M5-M8 were identified as O-glucuronidated metabolites during Phase II in HLMs. Moreover, these metabolite structures and a metabolic pathway were identified by elucidation of MS(n) fragments and formation by human recombinant enzymes. M1 was formed by CYP2D6, and M2-M4 were generated by CYP1A2 and CYP3A4. M5-M8 were mainly formed by UGT1A1, respectively. While investigating the biotransformation of CTXA, eight metabolites of CTXA were identified by CYPs and UGTs; these data will be valuable for understanding the in vivo metabolism of CTXA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhee Sim
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhwa Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, 704-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Gil-Saeng Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, 704-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkyu Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea
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Cudratricusxanthone A protect pancreatic beta cells from cytokines-mediated toxicity through the inhibition of NF-κB and STAT pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 21:26-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Ku SK, Han MS, Jeong GS, Bae JS. Cudratricusxanthone A inhibits endothelial protein C receptor shedding in vitro and in vivo. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2014.886619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Antiplatelet, anticoagulant, and profibrinolytic activities of cudratricusxanthone A. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 37:1069-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0290-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Anti-Proliferative Effect of an Aqueous Extract of Prunella vulgaris in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:936463. [PMID: 24159354 PMCID: PMC3789443 DOI: 10.1155/2013/936463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The abnormal proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in arterial walls is an important pathogenic factor of vascular disorders such as diabetic atherosclerosis. We have reported the anti-inflammatory effect of an aqueous extract from Prunella vulgaris (APV) in vascular endothelial cell. In the present study, APV exhibited inhibitory effects on high glucose-stimulated VSMC proliferation, migration, and invasion activities, inducing G1 cell cycle arrest with downregulation of cyclins and CDKs and upregulation of the CKIs, p21waf1/cip1 and p27kip1. Furthermore, APV dose dependently suppressed the high glucose-induced matrix metalloproteinase activity. High glucose-induced phosphorylation of ERK, p38 MAPK, was decreased by the pretreatment of APV. NF-κB activation by high glucose was attenuated by APV, as an antioxidant. APV attenuated the high glucose-induced decrease of nuclear factor E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) translocation and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression. Intracellular cGMP level was also increased by APV treatment. These results demonstrate that APV may inhibit VSMC proliferation via downregulating ROS/NF-κB /ERK/p38 MAPK pathways. In addition, APV has a beneficial effect by the interaction of Nrf2-mediated NO/cGMP with HO-1, suggesting that Prunella vulgaris may be useful in preventing diabetic atherosclerosis.
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Shan WG, Shi LL, Ying YM, Hou XR, Zhan ZJ. A New Prenylated Stilbene Derivative from the Roots of Cudrania Tricuspidata. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.3184/174751913x13647406965542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A new prenylated stilbene, 2-dimethylallyl-3,5,2’,4′-tetrahydroxy-( E)-stilbene, cudrastilbene, and five known compounds, oxyresveratrol, naringenin, steppogenin, aromadendrin, and genistein were isolated from the roots of Cudrania tricuspidata. The structure of the new compound was established by spectroscopic methods. All the compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against three human tumour cell lines (HepG2, HCT-116, and SGC-7901). Cudrastilbene showed weak cytotoxic activity against the HepG2 cell line with an IC50 of 40.19 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Guang Shan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Ling-Ling Shi
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - You-Min Ying
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Rong Hou
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Zha-Jun Zhan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
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Siripong P, Rassamee K, Piyaviriyakul S, Yahuafai J, Kanokmedhakul K. Anti-metastatic Effects on B16F10 Melanoma Cells of Extracts and Two Prenylated Xanthones Isolated from Maclura amboinensis Bl. Roots. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:3519-28. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.7.3519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Moteki H, Kimura M, Ogihara M. Activation of extracellular-signal regulated kinase by platelet-derived growth factor is potentiated by phenylephrine in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes. Biol Pharm Bull 2011; 34:980-6. [PMID: 21720001 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.34.980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of the α(1)-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine on platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-stimulated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes. Hepatocytes were isolated and cultured with PDGF (10 ng/ml) and/or α-adrenergic agonist. Phosphorylated ERK isoforms (ERK1 and ERK2) were detected by Western blotting analysis using anti-phospho mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) antibody. PDGF stimulated phosphorylation of ERK2 (42 kDa MAPK) by 2.0-fold within 3-5 min. The PDGF-induced ERK activation was abolished by AG1296 (10(-7) M) or LY294002 (10(-7) M) treatment. MAPK kinase inhibitor, PD98059 (10(-6) M), completely inhibited the PDGF-induced increase in ERK activity. In addition, PDGF-induced mammalian target of rapamycin activity was completely inhibited by AG1296, LY294002, PD98059, or rapamycin treatment. Phenylephrine alone showed no effects on ERKs, but significantly increased phosphorylation of ERK2 induced by PDGF. Moreover, a synthetic analog of diacylglycerol (DG), phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate (TPA; 10(-7) M), potentiated PDGF-induced ERK2 phosphorylation, while ionomycin had no effect (10(-6) M). The effects of phenylephrine and TPA were antagonized by the phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor U73122 (10(-7) M), and the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor GF109203X (10(-7) M), respectively. Accordingly, PDGF-induced DNA synthesis and proliferation in the presence or absence of phenylephrine or TPA were completely inhibited by AG1296, LY294002, PD98059, or rapamycin treatment. These results suggest that activation of PLC/PKC by phenylephrine represent an indirect positive regulatory mechanism for stimulating ERK induced by 10 ng/ml PDGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Moteki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1–1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350–0295, Japan
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Takimoto T, Suzuki K, Arisaka H, Murata T, Ozaki H, Koyama N. Effect of N-(p
-coumaroyl)serotonin and N-feruloylserotonin, major anti-atherogenic polyphenols in safflower seed, on vasodilation, proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 55:1561-71. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201000545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Revised: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Tai BH, Nhiem NX, Quang TH, Ngan NTT, Tung NH, Kim Y, Lee JJ, Myung CS, Cuong NM, Kim YH. A new iridoid and effect on the rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation of isolated compounds from Buddleja officinalis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:3462-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.03.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2010] [Revised: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kuang L, Wang L, Wang Q, Zhao Q, Du B, Li D, Luo J, Liu M, Hou A, Qian M. Cudratricusxanthone G inhibits human colorectal carcinoma cell invasion by MMP-2 down-regulation through suppressing activator protein-1 activity. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 81:1192-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Kim TJ, Han HJ, Kim YJ, Jung JC, Yu JY, Lee JJ, Yun YP. Inhibitory effects of BST406, a newly synthesized benzylideneacetophenone derivative, on abnormal vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Biol Pharm Bull 2010; 33:900-4. [PMID: 20460774 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.33.900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Benzylideneacetophenone analogues are known to have several significant biological activities, including antiinflammatory, antitumor, antibacterial, antiviral, and gastric-protective activities. However, the antiproliferative effects of benzylideneacetophenone analogues on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are unknown. The aim of this study was to elucidate the antiproliferative effects and molecular mechanism of BST406, a newly synthesized benzylideneacetophenone derivative, on platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-stimulated rat aortic VSMCs. BST406 inhibited [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation into DNA in VSMCs following treatment with PDGFBB 25 ng/ml. PDGF-BB-stimulated DNA synthesis was significantly reduced. Moreover, pretreatment with BST406 (0-10microM) suppressed the proliferation of PDGF-BB-stimulated cells in a concentration-dependent manner. We also investigated the mechanism of the antiproliferative effects of BST406 in PDGF-BB-stimulated VSMCs. In Western blot analysis, PDGF-BB-stimulated (25 ng/ml) phospholipase-C (PLC)gamma1 and Akt phosphorylation was inhibited by BST406 (0-10microM). However, BST406 did not inhibit the PDGF-receptor beta-chain (PDGF-Rbeta) and extracellular-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation induced by PDGF-BB. To confirm that the inhibitory effects of BST406 are mediated through the inhibition of PLCgamma1 or Akt, the effects of inhibitors on cell viability were examined. U73122 completely inhibited PDGF-BB-induced proliferation of VSMCs. However, LY294002 10microM had no significant effects on PDGF-BB-induced proliferation. These findings suggest that the inhibitory effects of BST406 on the proliferation of PDGF-BB-stimulated VSMCs are mediated by suppression of the PLCgamma1 signaling pathways. Our observations may explain, in part, the mechanistic basis for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (such as atherosclerosis and restenosis after coronary angioplasty) by BST406.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tack-Joong Kim
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, College of Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-710, Korea.
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Wang L, Kuang L, Pan X, Liu J, Wang Q, Du B, Li D, Luo J, Liu M, Hou A, Qian M. Isoalvaxanthone inhibits colon cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion through inactivating Rac1 and AP-1. Int J Cancer 2009; 127:1220-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Jandt E, Mutschke O, Mahboobi S, Uecker A, Platz R, Berndt A, Böhmer FD, Figulla HR, Werner GS. Stent-based release of a selective PDGF-receptor blocker from the bis-indolylmethanon class inhibits restenosis in the rabbit animal model. Vascul Pharmacol 2009; 52:55-62. [PMID: 19951743 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2009.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2009] [Revised: 11/19/2009] [Accepted: 11/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Long-term success of modern therapies for myocardial ischemia is limited by restenosis, with proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) as key events. Since findings in recent years indicate, that the Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF) is an important selective factor in mitogenic and motogenic pathways of VSMC, different concepts for reducing restenosis by inhibiting PDGF signaling have been investigated, with local delivery of small receptor kinase inhibitors looking most promising. We tested the stent-based delivery of the PDGF-receptor inhibitor D-65495, a bis(1H-2-indolyl)methanone, in the rabbit iliac artery model of restenosis. New Zealand white rabbits underwent balloon dilation of iliac arteries for implantation of D-65495-coated or non-coated (solvent, either DMSO or 90%THF / 10% DMSO) coronary stents. After 4 weeks stents were removed and neointima formation in medial and proximal/ distal stent sections was histomorphometrically and immunohistochemically analyzed. Arteries with D-65495 eluting stents showed an up to 50% reduced restenosis compared to control stents. Also, the neointimal area was reduced, but there were no significant differences in injury score. Importantly, endothelialization was similar for control stents as well as for D-65495-coated stents, suggesting absence of a general cytostatic effect of the inhibitor. The impact of D-65495 on PDGF-receptor signaling in the vessel wall was indirectly assessed by immunohistochemical staining for activated protein kinase Akt, and PCNA as a proliferation marker and revealed some reduction for the inhibitor-treated vessels. In conclusion, the application of D-65495 caused a significant decrease in neointima formation, further supporting the concept of using locally released PDGF-receptor kinase inhibitors as anti-restenotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Jandt
- Clinic for Internal Medicine III, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Erlanger Alle 101, D-07747 Jena, Germany.
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Antiproliferative Action of Cudraflavone B, Isolated From Cudrania tricuspidata, Through the Downregulation of pRb Phosphorylation in Aortic Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation Signaling. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2009; 53:341-8. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e31819fd4cb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Cudratricusxanthone A from Cudrania tricuspidata suppresses pro-inflammatory mediators through expression of anti-inflammatory heme oxygenase-1 in RAW264.7 macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2009; 9:241-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2008.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2008] [Revised: 11/14/2008] [Accepted: 11/20/2008] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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