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Mano H, Kushioka T, Kise S, Nagao C, Iijima A, Nishikawa M, Ikushiro S, Yasuda K, Matsuoka S, Sakaki T. Development of nanoluciferase-based sensing system that can specifically detect 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in living cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 227:106233. [PMID: 36503079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we reported a FLucN-LXXLL+LBD-FLucC system that detects VDR ligands using split firefly luciferase techniques, ligand binding domain (LBD) of VDR, and LXXLL sequences that interact with LBD after VDR ligand binding. In vivo, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) and 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25(OH)2D3) act as VDR ligands that bind to VDR, and regulate bone-related gene expression. Therefore, the amount of 25(OH)D3 and 1α,25(OH)2D3 are indicators of bone-related diseases such as rickets and osteoporosis. In this study, we have developed a novel LgBiT-LXXLL+LBD-SmBiT system using NanoLuc Binary Technology (NanoBiT), which has an emission intensity several times higher than that of the split-type firefly luciferase. Furthermore, by using genetic engineering techniques, we attempted to construct a novel system that can specifically detect 1α,25(OH)2D3. Because histidine residues at positions 305 and 397 play important roles in forming a hydrogen bond with a hydroxyl group at position C25 of 25(OH)D3 and 1α,25(OH)2D3, His305 and His397 were each substituted by other amino acids. Consequently, the three mutant VDRs, H305D, H397N, and H397E were equally useful to detect 1α,25(OH)2D3 specifically. In addition, among the 58 variants of the LXXLL sequences, LPYEGSLLLKLLRAPVEE showed the greatest increase in luminescence upon the addition of 25(OH)D3 or 1α,25(OH)2D3. Thus, our novel system using NanoBiT appear to be useful for detecting native vitamin D or its derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Mano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Takuya Kushioka
- FANCL Research Institute, FANCL Corporation, 12-13 Kamishinano, Totsuka, Yokohama, Kanagawa 244-0806, Japan
| | - Satoko Kise
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Chika Nagao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Ayano Iijima
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Miyu Nishikawa
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Shinichi Ikushiro
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Kaori Yasuda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Sayuri Matsuoka
- FANCL Research Institute, FANCL Corporation, 12-13 Kamishinano, Totsuka, Yokohama, Kanagawa 244-0806, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sakaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan.
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Kashyap J, Kumari N, Ponnusamy K, Tyagi RK. Hereditary Vitamin D-Resistant Rickets (HVDRR) associated SNP variants of vitamin D receptor exhibit malfunctioning at multiple levels. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2023; 1866:194891. [PMID: 36396100 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2022.194891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. It is a primary regulator of calcium and phosphate homeostasis required for skeleton and bone mineralization. Vitamin D in active form 1α,25 dihydroxyvitamin-D3 mediates its cellular functions by binding to VDR. Active VDR forms heterodimers with partner RXR (retinoid X receptor) to execute its physiological actions. HVDRR (Hereditary Vitamin D-Resistant Rickets) is a rare genetic disorder that occurs because of generalized resistance to the 1α,25(OH)2D3. HVDRR is caused by the polymorphic variations in VDR gene leading to defective intestinal calcium absorption and mineralization of newly forming bones. Using point and deletion SNPs of VDR we have studied several HVDRR-associated SNP variants for their subcellular dynamics, transcriptional functions, 'genome bookmarking', heterodimeric interactions with RXR, and receptor stability. We previously reported that VDR is a 'mitotic bookmarking factor' that remains constitutively associated with the mitotic chromatin to inherit 'transcriptional memory', however the mechanistic details remained unclear. We document that 'genome bookmarking' property by VDR is critically impaired by naturally occurring HVDRR-associated point and deletion variants found in patients. Furthermore, these HVDRR-associated SNP variants of VDR were found to be compromised in transcriptional function, nuclear translocation, protein stability and intermolecular interactions with its heterodimeric partner RXR. Intriguingly, majority of these disease-allied functional defects failed to be rescued by RXR. Our findings suggest that the HVDRR-associated SNP variations influence the normal functioning of the receptor, and this derived understanding may help in the management of disease with precisely designed small molecule modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Kashyap
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Neha Kumari
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | | | - Rakesh K Tyagi
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; Special Centre for Systems Medicine (Concurrent Faculty), Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
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Nishikawa M, Murose N, Mano H, Yasuda K, Isogai Y, Kittaka A, Takano M, Ikushiro S, Sakaki T. Robust osteogenic efficacy of 2α-heteroarylalkyl vitamin D analogue AH-1 in VDR (R270L) hereditary vitamin D-dependent rickets model rats. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12517. [PMID: 35869242 PMCID: PMC9307643 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16819-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Active vitamin D form 1α,25-dihydroxtvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) plays pivotal roles in calcium homeostasis and osteogenesis via its transcription regulation effect via binding to vitamin D receptor (VDR). Mutated VDR often causes hereditary vitamin D-dependent rickets (VDDR) type II, and patients with VDDR-II are hardly responsive to physiological doses of 1,25(OH)D3. Current therapeutic approaches, including high doses of oral calcium and supraphysiologic doses of 1,25(OH)2D3, have limited success and fail to improve the quality of life of affected patients. Thus, various vitamin D analogues have been developed as therapeutic options. In our previous study, we generated genetically modified rats with mutated Vdr(R270L), an ortholog of human VDR(R274L) isolated from the patients with VDDR-II. The significant reduced affinity toward 1,25(OH)2D3 of rat Vdr(R270L) enabled us to evaluate biological activities of exogenous VDR ligand without 1α-hydroxy group such as 25(OH)D3. In this study, 2α-[2-(tetrazol-2-yl)ethyl]-1α,25(OH)2D3 (AH-1) exerted much higher affinity for Vdr(R270L) in in vitro ligand binding assay than both 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3. A robust osteogenic activity of AH-1 was observed in Vdr(R270L) rats. Only a 40-fold lower dose of AH-1 than that of 25(OH)D3 was effective in ameliorating rickets symptoms in Vdr(R270L) rats. Therefore, AH-1 may be promising for the therapy of VDDR-II with VDR(R274L).
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Sawada D, Kakuda S, Takeuchi A, Kawagoe F, Takimoto-Kamimura M, Kittaka A. Effects of 2-substitution on 14-epi-19-nortachysterol-mediated biological events: based on synthesis and X-ray co-crystallographic analysis with the human vitamin D receptor. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:2448-2455. [PMID: 29560490 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00158h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Both 2α- and 2β-hydroxypropyl substituted 14-epi-1α,25-dihydroxy-19-nortachysterols were synthesized to study the human vitamin D receptor (hVDR) binding affinity, binding configurations, and interactions with amino acid residues in the ligand binding domain of hVDR by X-ray co-crystallographic analysis. In conjunction with our previous results on 14-epi-19-nortachysterol, 2-methylidene-, 2α-methyl-, 2β-methyl, and 2α-hydroxypropoxy-14-epi-19-nortachysterol, we propose a variety of effects of substitution at the C2 position in the 14-epi-19-nortachysterol skeleton on biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Sawada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan.
| | - Shinji Kakuda
- Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Ltd, Hino, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan
| | - Akiko Takeuchi
- Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Ltd, Hino, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Kawagoe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan.
| | | | - Atsushi Kittaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan.
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5
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Mano H, Nishikawa M, Yasuda K, Ikushiro S, Saito N, Sawada D, Honzawa S, Takano M, Kittaka A, Sakaki T. Novel screening system for high-affinity ligand of heredity vitamin D-resistant rickets-associated vitamin D receptor mutant R274L using bioluminescent sensor. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 167:61-66. [PMID: 27864003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary vitamin D-resistant rickets (HVDRR) is caused by mutations in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene. Arg274 located in the ligand binding domain (LBD) of VDR is responsible for anchoring 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25(OH)2D3) by forming a hydrogen bond with the 1α-hydroxyl group of 1α,25(OH)2D3. The Arg274Leu (R274L) mutation identified in patients with HVDRR causes a 1000-fold decrease in the affinity for 1α,25(OH)2D3, and dramatically reduces vitamin D- related gene expression. Recently, we successfully constructed fusion proteins consisting of split-luciferase and LBD of the VDR. The chimeric protein LucC-LBD-LucN, which displays the C-terminal domain of luciferase (LucC) at its N-terminus, can detect and discriminate between VDR agonists and antagonists. The LucC-LBD (R274L)-LucN was constructed to screen high-affinity ligands for the mutant VDR (R274L). Of the 33 vitamin D analogs, 5 showed much higher affinities for the mutant VDR (R274L) than 1α,25(OH)2D3, and 2α-[2-(tetrazol-2-yl)ethyl]-1α,25-(OH)2D3 showed the highest affinity. These compounds might be potential therapeutics for HVDRR caused by the mutant VDR (R274L).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Mano
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Miyu Nishikawa
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan; Imizu Institute, Topu Bio Research Co., Ltd, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Kaori Yasuda
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Shinichi Ikushiro
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Nozomi Saito
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sawada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Shinobu Honzawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Masashi Takano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kittaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sakaki
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan; Imizu Institute, Topu Bio Research Co., Ltd, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan.
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6
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Ersoy B, Kiremitci S, Isojima T, Kitanaka S. Successful intermittent intravenous calcium treatment via the peripheral route in a patient with hereditary vitamin D-resistant rickets and alopecia. Horm Res Paediatr 2015; 83:67-72. [PMID: 25573344 DOI: 10.1159/000367711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary vitamin D-resistant rickets (HVDRR) is a rare genetic disorder caused by mutations in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene, which result in end-organ resistance to 1,25-(OH)2D3. PATIENTs with HVDRR are mostly treated using i.v. calcium therapy with a central catheter. However, central catheter-related complications have been reported. PATIENT The patient was a 3-year-old boy presenting with waddling gait and alopecia. He had hypocalcemia [8 mg/dl (2 mmol/l)], hyperparathyroidism (1,232 ng/l), and elevated 1,25-(OH)2D3 levels (>250 pmol/l). DNA sequence analyses of the VDR gene showed a homozygous C-T transition at codon 152, resulting in a non-sense mutation in exon 5. INTERVENTIONS AND OUTCOMES The patient was initially treated with calcitriol (80 ng/kg/day) and high-dose oral calcium (150 mg/kg/day) for one year. At the end of the first year, intermittent (5 days per month) i.v. calcium therapy without a central catheter was initiated because of insufficient clinical and radiological improvement. After 2 years of intermittent i.v. calcium therapy, there was a clear improvement based on clinical progress and on X-ray and biochemical findings. No peripheral complications were reported either. CONCLUSION HVDRR with a non-sense mutation in the ligand-binding domain and alopecia was successfully treated with intermittent i.v. calcium without a central catheter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betul Ersoy
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Celal Bayar University, School of Medicine, Manisa, Turkey
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7
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Mano H, Nishikawa M, Yasuda K, Ikushiro S, Saito N, Takano M, Kittaka A, Sakaki T. Development of Novel Bioluminescent Sensor to Detect and Discriminate between Vitamin D Receptor Agonists and Antagonists in Living Cells. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:2038-45. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Mano
- Department
of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Miyu Nishikawa
- Department
of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
- Imizu
Institute, TOPU BIO RESEARCH Co., Ltd, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Kaori Yasuda
- Department
of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Shinichi Ikushiro
- Department
of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Nozomi Saito
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Masashi Takano
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kittaka
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sakaki
- Department
of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
- Imizu
Institute, TOPU BIO RESEARCH Co., Ltd, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
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Nakabayashi M, Tsukahara Y, Iwasaki-Miyamoto Y, Mihori-Shimazaki M, Yamada S, Inaba S, Oda M, Shimizu M, Makishima M, Tokiwa H, Ikura T, Ito N. Crystal Structures of Hereditary Vitamin D-Resistant Rickets-Associated Vitamin D Receptor Mutants R270L and W282R Bound to 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and Synthetic Ligands. J Med Chem 2013; 56:6745-60. [DOI: 10.1021/jm400537h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Nakabayashi
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Sachiko Yamada
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Satomi Inaba
- Graduate
School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Masayuki Oda
- Graduate
School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | | | - Makoto Makishima
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tokiwa
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rikkyo University, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
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9
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Synthesis of a 1α-C-methyl analogue of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3: interaction with a mutant vitamin D receptor Arg274Leu. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Kittaka A. Structural refinement of seco-steroidal skeleton and the biological activity through nuclear receptors. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2008; 128:1235-50. [PMID: 18758137 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.128.1235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
1alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1) regulates a variety of biological actions through vitamin D receptor (VDR), including calcium and phosphorus homeostasis, bone remodeling, cellular proliferation and differentiation and many other functions. To enhance its potency and to study the structure/function relationship, we synthesized a series of analogs of 1 with a modification at the C-2alpha position. Introducing 2alpha-methyl, 2alpha-(3-hydroxypropyl), or 2alpha-(3-hydroxypropoxy) group increased its binding affinity for the VDR 2- to 4-fold compared to 1. The crystal structures of the VDR bound to these analogs provide a molecular explanation for the interaction between the 2alpha-substituents and water molecules exist in the VDR-ligand binding domain. Based on the accumulated knowledge in VDR agonists, we synthesized 2-substituted analogs of 'double side chain' (gemini), 19-norvitamin D(3) (MART-10), TEI-9647 (VDR antagonist), 1-alkylated vitamin D(3), 14-epi-previtamin D(3) etc. Gemini analogs showed potent HL-60 cell differentiation activity (13-38 times compared to 1), and MART-10 exhibited remarkable antiproliferative activity on PZ-HPV-7 cells even at 10(-10) M. (24S)-2alpha-(3-Hydroxypropoxy)-24-propyl-TEI-9647 showed potent VDR antagonism, and its IC(50) value was 7.4 pM against 10 nM of 1. 1alpha-Methyl-2alpha-(3-hydroxypropyl)-25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) improved the binding affinity for the mutant VDR(Arg274Leu), which causes hereditary vitamin D resistant rickets. 1alpha,25-Dihydroxy-2alpha-methyl-14-epi-previtamin D(3) showed moderate osteocalcin transcriptional activity on HOS cells. We theorize that modification at A-ring alone and in combination with functionalization of the other parts of the vitamin D molecule would provide important new information on the mechanism of vitamin D actions that could lead to the development of new therapeutic regimes for the treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kittaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Sagamiko-cho, Sagamihara City, Japan.
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11
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Hakamata W, Sato Y, Okuda H, Honzawa S, Saito N, Kishimoto S, Yamashita A, Sugiura T, Kittaka A, Kurihara M. (2S,2′R)-Analogue of LG190178 is a major active isomer. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:120-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2007] [Revised: 10/17/2007] [Accepted: 11/01/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Kittaka A, Saito N, Honzawa S, Takenouchi K, Ishizuka S, Chen TC, Peleg S, Kato S, Arai MA. Creative synthesis of novel vitamin D analogs for health and disease. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2007; 103:269-76. [PMID: 17223554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2006.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We report new analogs of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1) in three categories. First, design and synthesis of ligands for a mutant vitamin D receptor (VDR)(Arg274Leu), which possess proper functional groups at both C1alpha and C2alpha positions of 1 to study the biological activity of the mutant VDR. Among our synthetic analogs, 1alpha-methyl-2alpha-(3-hydroxypropyl)-25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) (8) showed 7.3-fold greater transcriptional activity for the VDR(Arg274Leu) than that of 1. Next, we examined the antiproliferative activity of 2-substituted 19-norvitamin D(3) analogs on an immortalized normal prostate cell line, PZ-HPV-7, and we found MART 10 (14) showed the activity even at very low concentration of 10(-10) to 10(-11)M. We also synthesized 25-hydroxy-19-norvitamin D(3) (13) using Julia-type olefination to connect between the C5 and C6 positions, effectively, to test it as a prohormone type agent for antiprostate diseases. Synthesized compound 13 showed potent antiproliferative activity in PZ-HPV-7, which has high 1alpha-hydroxylase activity. Finally, we describe design and synthesis of a new TEI-9647 analog, 2alpha-(3-hydroxypropoxy)-24-propyl-25-dehydro-1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D(3)-26,23-lactone (17), which showed the strongest VDR antagonism. Its IC(50) value is 7.4pM to inhibit differentiation of HL-60 cells induced by 10nM of 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kittaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Sagamiko, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 199-0195, Japan.
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13
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Hourai S, Fujishima T, Kittaka A, Suhara Y, Takayama H, Rochel N, Moras D. Probing a water channel near the A-ring of receptor-bound 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 with selected 2 alpha-substituted analogues. J Med Chem 2006; 49:5199-205. [PMID: 16913708 DOI: 10.1021/jm0604070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in complex with 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 revealed the presence of several water molecules near the A-ring linking the ligand C-2 position to the protein surface. Here, we report the crystal structures of the human VDR ligand binding domain bound to selected C-2 alpha substituted analogues, namely, methyl, propyl, propoxy, hydroxypropyl, and hydroxypropoxy. These specific replacements do not modify the structure of the protein or the ligand, but with the exception of the methyl substituent, all analogues affect the presence and/or the location of the above water molecules. The integrity of the channel interactions and specific C-2 alpha analogue directed additional interactions correlate with the binding affinity of the ligands. In contrast, the resulting loss or gain of H-bonds does not reflect the magnitude of HL60 cell differentiation. Our overall findings highlight a rational approach to the design of more potent ligands by building in features revealed in the crystal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Hourai
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Génomique Structurales, UMR 7104, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/ULP, 1, Rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
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14
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Saito N, Kittaka A. Highly Potent Vitamin D Receptor Antagonists: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation. Chembiochem 2006; 7:1479-90. [PMID: 16871612 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200600054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D receptor (VDR) antagonists have attracted significant levels of interest because of their potential utility in the treatment of Paget's disease, which is known as the most flagrant example of disordered bone remodeling and the second most common bone disease after osteoporosis in Anglo-Saxons. Recent studies on Paget's disease suggested a specific increase in osteoclasts' sensitivity to the differentiation activity of active vitamin D(3) as the principal mechanism for abnormal bone formation. We set out to conduct a structure-activity relationship study on the first VDR antagonists, TEI-9647 and TEI-9648 (25-dehydro-1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D(3)-26,23-lactone), with the goal of improved VDR antagonistic activity. Given that both potent agonists and antagonists must have high affinity for the VDR, we hoped that our accumulated knowledge in the field of VDR agonists would help us identify potent antagonists. First 2alpha-modified TEI-9647 analogues were synthesized, and then 24-substitution to stabilize the lactone structure under physiological conditions was investigated. Finally, 2alpha-modified 24-methyl-, 24,24-dimethyl-, and 24,24-ethano-25-dehydro-1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D(3)-26,23-lactone analogues were synthesized. The synthesis of the 24,24-ethano-TEI lactone was accomplished through Ru-catalyzed intermolecular enyne metathesis of the alkynone CD-ring side chain with ethylene to give a dienone, followed by regioselective cyclopropanation. It was found that 2alpha,24,24-trimethyl-TEI-9647 (39) possessed an antagonistic activity (IC(50)=0.093 nM) approximately 90 times that of the original TEI-9647 (IC(50)=8.3 nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Saito
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Sagamiko, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 199-0195, Japan
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Honzawa S, Hirasaka K, Yamamoto Y, Peleg S, Fujishima T, Kurihara M, Saito N, Kishimoto S, Sugiura T, Waku K, Takayama H, Kittaka A. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 analogues possessing aromatic ring on 2α-position. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.08.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abe D, Sakaki T, Kusudo T, Kittaka A, Saito N, Suhara Y, Fujishima T, Takayama H, Hamamoto H, Kamakura M, Ohta M, Inouye K. METABOLISM OF 2α-PROPOXY-1α,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D3AND 2α-(3-HYDROXYPROPOXY)-1α,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D3BY HUMAN CYP27A1 AND CYP24A1. Drug Metab Dispos 2005; 33:778-84. [PMID: 15764712 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.104.003038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we demonstrated that some A-ring-modified vitamin D3 analogs had unique biological activity. Of these analogs, 2alpha-propoxy-1alpha,25(OH)2D3 (C3O1) and 2alpha-(3-hydroxypropoxy)-1alpha,25(OH)2D3 (O2C3) were examined for metabolism by CYP27A1 and CYP24A1. Surprisingly, CYP27A1 catalyzed the conversion from C3O1 to O2C3, which has 3 times more affinity for vitamin D receptor than C3O1. Thus, the conversion from C3O1 to O2C3 by CYP27A1 is considered to be a metabolic activation process. Five metabolites were detected in the metabolism of C3O1 and O2C3 by human CYP24A1 including both C-23 and C-24 oxidation pathways. On the other hand, three metabolites of the C-24 oxidation pathway were detected in their metabolism by rat CYP24A1, indicating a species-based difference in the CYP24A1-dependent metabolism of C3O1 and O2C3 between humans and rats. Kinetic analysis revealed that the Km and kcat values of human CYP24A1 for O2C3 are, respectively, approximately 16 times more and 3 times less than those for 1alpha,25(OH)2D3. Thus, the catalytic efficiency, kcat/Km, of human CYP24A1 for O2C3 is only 2% of 1alpha,25(OH)2D3. These results and a high calcium effect of C3O1 and O2C3 in animal experiments using rats suggest that C3O1 and O2C3 are promising for clinical treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Abe
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Kittaka A, A. Arai M, Tsutsumi R, Hara H, C. Chen T, Sakaki T, Urushino N, Inouye K. Synthesis of 25-Hydroxy-19-norvitamin D3 Analogs and Their Antiproliferative Activities on Prostate Cells. HETEROCYCLES 2005. [DOI: 10.3987/com-05-s(k)56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Kurihara M, Rouf ASS, Kansui H, Kagechika H, Okuda H, Miyata N. Design and synthesis of cyclic urea compounds: a pharmacological study for retinoidal activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:4131-4. [PMID: 15261256 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2004] [Revised: 06/11/2004] [Accepted: 06/11/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Retinoids are natural and synthetic analogues of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Cancer and other serious hyperproliferative diseases are attractive therapeutic targets for retinoids. We report here the design and synthesis of novel cyclic urea compounds with retinoidal activity. YR105 exhibited potent differentiation-inducing ability toward human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells at the concentration of 10(-9)M: its potency was almost equal to that of the native ligand, all-trans retinoic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Kurihara
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan.
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Abstract
General knowledge of the role of vitamin D3 in human physiology has been shaped by its discovery as a preventive agent of nutritional rickets, a defect in bone development due to inadequate uptake of dietary calcium. Studies on the function of the hormonal form of vitamin D3, 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, have been greatly accelerated by the molecular cloning and structural analysis of the vitamin D3 receptor, which is a ligand-activated regulator of gene transcription. Molecular genetic techniques including genomics have helped reveal that 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 can control more than calcium homeostasis. It has widespread effects on cellular differentiation and proliferation, and can modulate immune responsiveness, and central nervous system function. Moreover, accumulating epidemiological and molecular evidence suggests that 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 acts as a chemopreventive agent against several malignancies including cancers of the prostate and colon. Here, we survey the most-recent findings and discuss their implications for the potential therapeutic uses of vitamin D analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Lin
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Kittaka A, Suhara Y, Ono K, Yoshida A, Fujishima T, Saito N, Honzawa S, Kishimoto S, Sugiura T, Waku K, Takayama H. Synthesis of Novel 1a,25-Dihydroxy-19-norvitamin D3 with an Amide Conjugate. HETEROCYCLES 2004. [DOI: 10.3987/com-03-s(p)34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Ono K, Yoshida A, Saito N, Fujishima T, Honzawa S, Suhara Y, Kishimoto S, Sugiura T, Waku K, Takayama H, Kittaka A. Efficient synthesis of 2-modified 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-19-norvitamin D3 with Julia olefination: high potency in induction of differentiation on HL-60 cells. J Org Chem 2003; 68:7407-15. [PMID: 12968893 DOI: 10.1021/jo034787y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Six novel 2-substituted analogues of 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-19-norvitamin D(3), 6a,b-8a,b, were efficiently synthesized utilizing (-)-quinic acid as the A-ring precursor. The C2-modified A-rings were prepared as 4-alkylated (3R,5R)-3,5-dihydroxycyclohexanones 12-15 from (-)-quinic acid based on radical allylation at the C4 position of methyl (-)-quinicate. The new type of the CD-ring coupling partner 23 was synthesized from 25-hydroxy Grundmann's ketone 19 to apply to the modified Julia olefination to construct a diene unit between the A-ring and the CD-ring. The coupling yields, including a deprotection step, were 47-62%. After the separation of the diastereomers based on C2 stereochemistry, the structure (2alpha or 2beta) was determined by (1)H NMR experiments and compared to DeLuca's 2-methyl- and 2-ethyl-1alpha,25-dihydroxy-19-norvitamin D(3). Thus, the synthesized 2alpha-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1alpha,25-dihydroxy-19-norvitamin D(3) (8a) showed almost the same potency in binding to the bovine thymus vitamin D receptor (VDR) as the natural hormone 1, while its beta-isomer 8b had only a 3% affinity. Both 2alpha-allyl- and 2alpha-propyl-1alpha,25-dihydroxy-19-norvitamin D(3) (6a and 7a) and their 2beta-analogues (6b and 7b) possessed a weak affinity for the VDR. The strong VDR ligand 8a was ca. 36-fold more potent in induction of HL-60 cell differentiation than 1, and interestingly, even the weaker ligand 8b showed a 6.7-fold higher potency in the cell differentiation activity than that of 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Ono
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Sagamiko, Kanagawa 199-0195, Japan
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Yamamoto H, Shevde NK, Warrier A, Plum LA, DeLuca HF, Pike JW. 2-Methylene-19-nor-(20S)-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 potently stimulates gene-specific DNA binding of the vitamin D receptor in osteoblasts. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:31756-65. [PMID: 12796488 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m304737200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
2-Methylene-19-nor-(20S)-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (2MD) is a highly potent analog of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) whose actions are mediated through the vitamin D receptor (VDR). In this report, we have replicated this increased potency of 2MD in vitro using osteoblastic cells and explored its underlying molecular mechanism. 2MD stimulates the expression of several vitamin D-sensitive genes including 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-24 hydroxylase (Cyp24), osteopontin and receptor activator of NF kappa B ligand and suppresses osteoprotegerin at concentrations two logs lower than that for 1,25(OH)2D3. 2MD is also more potent in stimulating transfected chimeric reporter genes under either Cyp24 or the osteocalcin promoter control. Enhanced potency is retained regardless of medium serum content. Interestingly, the uptake of both 1,25(OH)2D3 and 2MD into cells is similar, as is their rapid association with the VDR. This indicates that comparable levels of occupied VDR do not elicit equivalent levels of transactivation. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), however, we observed a strong correlation between DNA-bound receptor and the level of induced transcription suggesting a 2MD-induced increase in affinity of the VDR for DNA. Additional studies using a mammalian two-hybrid system and ChIP indicate that 2MD is also more potent in promoting interaction with RXR and the coactivators SRC-1 and DRIP205. Finally, protease digestion studies revealed a unique VDR conformation in the presence of 2MD. These studies suggest that the molecular mechanism of 2MD potency is due to its ability to promote enhanced levels of specific DNA binding by the VDR and could suggest possible explanations for the tissue- and gene-selective actions of 2MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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