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Cao L, Zhao H, Qian M, Shao C, Zhang Y, Yang J. Construction of polysaccharide scaffold-based perfusion bioreactor supporting liver cell aggregates for drug screening. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2022; 33:2249-2269. [PMID: 35848470 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2022.2102715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Rebuilding a suitable microenvironment of liver cells is the key challenge to enhancing the expression of hepatic functions for drug screening in vitro. To improve the microenvironment by providing the specific adhesive ligands for hepatocytes in the three-dimensional dynamic culture, a perfusion bioreactor with a pectin/alginate blend porous scaffold was constructed in this study. The galactosyl component in the main chain of pectin was able to be specifically recognized by the asialoglycoprotein receptor on the surface of hepatocytes, and subsequently promoted the adhesion and aggregation of hepatocytes co-cultured with hepatic non-parenchymal cells. The bioreactor was optimized for 4 h of dynamic inoculation followed by perfusion at a flow rate of 2 mL/min, which provided adequate oxygen supply and good mass transfer to the liver cells. During dynamic cultured in the bioreactor for 14 days, more multicellular aggregates were formed and were evenly distributed in the pectin/alginate blend scaffolds. The expressions of intercellular interaction and hepatic functions of the hepatocytes in aggregates were significantly enhanced in the three-dimensional dynamic group. Furthermore, the bioreactor not only markedly upregulated the cell polarity markers expression of hepatocytes but also enhanced their metabolic capacity to acetaminophen, isoniazid, and tolbutamide, which exhibited a significant concentration-dependent manner. Therefore, the pectin/alginate blend scaffold-based perfusion bioreactor appeared to be a promising candidate in the field of drug development and liver regeneration research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Biological Sample Resource Sharing Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Huicun Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengyuan Qian
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chuxiao Shao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Lishui Central Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, Zhejiang, 323000, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jun Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Mohammed I, Bernhardt R, Schubert M, Hampel U. Non-invasive morphological characterization of cellular loofa sponges using digital microscopy and micro-CT. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2020-0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Loofa sponge is a naturally-grown and decomposable material providing high specific surface area and high porosity for potential application as an environmentally-friendly catalyst carrier. In this work, cellular samples of various loofa types cut from different fiber network regions of the fruits were studied in detail using non-invasive imaging techniques. Digital microscopy was applied to characterize the cellular fiber network, which revealed a honeycomb structure in the core region and a sandwich structure in the wall region. Furthermore, reconstructed three-dimensional (3D) morphological images of the loofa samples obtained via micro-tomography (micro-CT) were utilized to extract the geometrical properties cell size, window diameter and strut thickness as well as porosity and volume-specific surface area. The reconstructed loofa samples revealed porosities of about 92% and specific surface areas up to 2057 m2/m3. In addition, the geometrical properties of manufactured solid foams (ceramic and polyurethane) were also determined via micro-CT and compared with loofa sponge. Finally, the different characteristic cell dimensions were employed to predict the porosity and specific surface area with available geometrical correlations. Deviations between correlation and measurement data (±16%) can be attributed to the peculiarity of the loofa cellular fiber network, which is somewhat different from the tetradecahedral-shaped geometry commonly used as the basis for most of the available correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Mohammed
- Chair of Imaging Techniques in Energy and Process Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - Ricardo Bernhardt
- Department Mechanics and Composite Materials , Leibniz Institute for Polymer Research Dresden , Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Markus Schubert
- Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden , Germany
| | - Uwe Hampel
- Chair of Imaging Techniques in Energy and Process Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
- Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden , Germany
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Production of bacterial cellulose using Gluconacetobacter kombuchae immobilized on Luffa aegyptiaca support. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2912. [PMID: 33536530 PMCID: PMC7858635 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82596-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work report for the first time on the production of bacterial cellulose (BC) using natural loofa sponge (Luffa aegyptiaca) as a scaffold for the immobilization of Gluconacetobacter kombuchae. Bacterial cellulose (BC) are recently gained more attention in several fields including biological and biomedical applications due to their outstanding physico-chemical characteristics including high thermal stability, easy biodegradability, good water holding capacity, high tensile strength, and high degree of polymerization. The increase in requirement of alternative method for the enhancement of BC production under economical aspect develops a positive impact in large scale industries. In this study, Luffa aegyptiaca (LA) was introduced in a separate fermentation medium so as to enhance the concentration of BC production by Gluconacetobacter kombuchae. Different process/medium parameters such as initial pH, static/shaking condition, inoculum size, nitrogen source, C/N ratio, supplements (ethanol and acetic acid) were analysed for the production of bacterial cellulose using LA support. The maximum yield of BC was obtained using following condition: culturing condition -shaking; initial pH - 5.5; nitrogen source- yeast extract, C/N ratio - 40 and supplement-ethanol. The characterization of the BC was examined using Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy and thermo gravimetric analysis. The biofilm formation on the surface of LA was examined by SEM photographs. Thus, implementation of LA as a support in shaking fermentation under suitable medium/process variables enhanced the BC production.
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Liu W, Hu D, Gu C, Zhou Y, Tan WS. Fabrication and in vitro evaluation of a packed-bed bioreactor based on an optimum two-stage culture strategy. J Biosci Bioeng 2018; 127:506-514. [PMID: 30322683 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A packed-bed (PB) bioreactor for bioartificial liver (BAL) was fabricated based on an optimum two-stage culture strategy and evaluated in vitro in this research. Human induced hepatocytes (hiHeps) were first expanded using Cytodex 3 microcarriers and the choice of microcarrier concentration and fetal bovine serum (FBS) content was optimized. Then, the cells expanded under the optimum expansion condition were perfused into a perfusion system containing Fibra-Cel (FC) disks to fabricate a PB bioreactor. Operating parameters including flow rate and seeding density for perfusion culture were optimized, respectively. Results indicated that during suspension culture, rapid cell proliferation and favorable amino acid metabolism were achieved at 3 mg/mL microcarriers combined with 1% FBS. While for the perfusion culture, the most effective flow rate and seeding density were 2 mL/min and 1 × 106 cells/mL, respectively. Under this optimum perfusion condition, hiHeps showed good proliferation ability, high viability, homogeneous distribution, high metabolism activities and efficient albumin secretion as well as high liver-specific genes expression. Therefore, the two-stage culture strategy based on operating parameters optimization provides a new method for the development of PB bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Dan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Ce Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
| | - Wen-Song Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
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Alonso S. Exploiting the bioengineering versatility of lactobionic acid in targeted nanosystems and biomaterials. J Control Release 2018; 287:216-234. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Osiecki MJ, McElwain SDL, Lott WB. Modelling mesenchymal stromal cell growth in a packed bed bioreactor with a gas permeable wall. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202079. [PMID: 30148832 PMCID: PMC6110476 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A mathematical model was developed for mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) growth in a packed bed bioreactor that improves oxygen availability by allowing oxygen diffusion through a gas-permeable wall. The governing equations for oxygen, glucose and lactate, the inhibitory waste product, were developed assuming Michaelis-Menten kinetics, together with an equation for the medium flow based on Darcy's Law. The conservation law for the cells includes the effects of inhibition as the cells reach confluence, nutrient and waste product concentrations, and the assumption that the cells can migrate on the scaffold. The equations were solved using the finite element package, COMSOL. Previous experimental results collected using a packed bed bioreactor with gas permeable walls to expand MSCs produced a lower cell yield than was obtained using a traditional cell culture flask. This mathematical model suggests that the main contributors to the observed low cell yield were a non-uniform initial cell seeding profile and a potential lag phase as cells recovered from the initial seeding procedure. Lactate build-up was predicted to have only a small effect at lower flow rates. Thus, the most important parameters to optimise cell expansion in the proliferation of MSCs in a bioreactor with gas permeable wall are the initial cell seeding protocol and the handling of the cells during the seeding process. The mathematical model was then used to identify and characterise potential enhancements to the bioreactor design, including incorporating a central gas permeable capillary to further enhance oxygen availability to the cells. Finally, to evaluate the issues and limitations that might be encountered scale-up of the bioreactor, the mathematical model was used to investigate modifications to the bioreactor design geometry and packing density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Osiecki
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Sean D. L. McElwain
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - William B. Lott
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Wang W, Wu Y, Zhang C. High-density natural luffa sponge as anaerobic microorganisms carrier for degrading 1,1,1-TCA in groundwater. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2016; 40:383-393. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-016-1706-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Combination of zero-valent iron and anaerobic microorganisms immobilized in luffa sponge for degrading 1,1,1-trichloroethane and the relevant microbial community analysis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 101:783-796. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7933-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zhu L, Xia H, Wang Z, Fong ELS, Fan J, Tong WH, Seah YPD, Zhang W, Li Q, Yu H. A vertical-flow bioreactor array compacts hepatocytes for enhanced polarity and functions. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:3898-3908. [PMID: 27722715 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00811a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Although hepatocytes in vivo experience intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), pressure is typically not incorporated in hepatocyte culture systems. The cuboidal cell shape and extent of intercellular contact between cultured hepatocytes are critical parameters that influence the differentiated hepatic phenotype. Using a microfluidic device, the application of pressure to artificially compact cells and forge cell-cell interactions was previously demonstrated to be effective in accelerating hepatic repolarization. In seeking to implement this approach to higher throughput culture platforms for potential drug screening applications, we specifically designed a vertical-flow compaction bioreactor array (VCBA) that compacts hepatocytes within the range of IAP and portal pressure in vivo in a multi-well setup. As a result of vertical perfusion-generated forces, hepatocytes not only exhibited accelerated repolarization, an in vivo-like cuboidal morphology, but also better maintained hepatic functions in long-term culture as compared to the same cells cultured under static conditions. As a novel engineering tool to modulate cell compaction and intercellular interactions, this platform is a promising approach to confer tight control over hepatocyte repolarization for in vitro culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhu
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, T-Lab, #05-01, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore. and Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, 71 Nanyang Drive, 638075 Singapore and Institute of Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, A*STAR, The Nanos, #04-01, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Huanming Xia
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, 71 Nanyang Drive, 638075 Singapore and School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei St., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China 210094
| | - Zhenfeng Wang
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, 71 Nanyang Drive, 638075 Singapore
| | - Eliza Li Shan Fong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, MD9-04-11, 2 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Junjun Fan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, A*STAR, The Nanos, #04-01, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore and Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, #10-01 CREATE Tower, Singapore 138602, Singapore and Fourth Military Medical University, 408-4 Changying West Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an City, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Wen Hao Tong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, MD9-04-11, 2 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore and Institute of Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, A*STAR, The Nanos, #04-01, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Yen Peng Daphne Seah
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, 71 Nanyang Drive, 638075 Singapore
| | - Weian Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, MD9-04-11, 2 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Qiushi Li
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, T-Lab, #05-01, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore.
| | - Hanry Yu
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, T-Lab, #05-01, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore. and Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, MD9-04-11, 2 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore and Institute of Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, A*STAR, The Nanos, #04-01, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore and Gastroenterology Department, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, TongHe, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Constrained spheroids for prolonged hepatocyte culture. Biomaterials 2016; 80:106-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Osiecki MJ, Michl TD, Kul Babur B, Kabiri M, Atkinson K, Lott WB, Griesser HJ, Doran MR. Packed Bed Bioreactor for the Isolation and Expansion of Placental-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144941. [PMID: 26660475 PMCID: PMC4687640 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Large numbers of Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are required for clinical relevant doses to treat a number of diseases. To economically manufacture these MSCs, an automated bioreactor system will be required. Herein we describe the development of a scalable closed-system, packed bed bioreactor suitable for large-scale MSCs expansion. The packed bed was formed from fused polystyrene pellets that were air plasma treated to endow them with a surface chemistry similar to traditional tissue culture plastic. The packed bed was encased within a gas permeable shell to decouple the medium nutrient supply and gas exchange. This enabled a significant reduction in medium flow rates, thus reducing shear and even facilitating single pass medium exchange. The system was optimised in a small-scale bioreactor format (160 cm2) with murine-derived green fluorescent protein-expressing MSCs, and then scaled-up to a 2800 cm2 format. We demonstrated that placental derived MSCs could be isolated directly within the bioreactor and subsequently expanded. Our results demonstrate that the closed system large-scale packed bed bioreactor is an effective and scalable tool for large-scale isolation and expansion of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Osiecki
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology at the Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Thomas D. Michl
- Ian Wark Research Institute, University of South Australia. Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Mawson Institute, University of South Australia. Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Betul Kul Babur
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology at the Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mahboubeh Kabiri
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kerry Atkinson
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology at the Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - William B. Lott
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology at the Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hans J. Griesser
- Mawson Institute, University of South Australia. Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michael R. Doran
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology at the Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Mater Medical Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Sarika PR, Sidhy Viha CV, Sajin Raj RG, Nirmala RJ, Anil Kumar PR. A non-adhesive hybrid scaffold from gelatin and gum Arabic as packed bed matrix for hepatocyte perfusion culture. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 46:341-7. [PMID: 25491996 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Development of liver support systems has become one of the most investigated areas for the last 50 years because of the shortage of donor organs for orthotopic liver transplantations. Bioartificial liver (BAL) device is one of the alternatives for liver failure which provides a curing method and support patients to recover from certain liver failure diseases. The biological compartment of BAL is called the bioreactor where functionally active hepatocytes are maintained to support the liver specific functions. We have developed a packed bed bioreactor with a cytocompatible, polysaccharide-protein hybrid scaffold. The scaffold prepared from gelatin and gum Arabic acts as a packed bed matrix for hepatocyte culture. Quantitative evaluation of the hepatocytes cultured using packed bed bioreactor demonstrated that cells maintained liver specific functions like albumin and urea synthesis for seven days. These results indicated that the system can be scaled up to form the biological component of a bioartificial liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Sarika
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Valiamala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 547, India
| | - C V Sidhy Viha
- Tissue Culture Laboratory, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Poojappura, Trivandrum, Kerala 695 012, India
| | - R G Sajin Raj
- Device Testing Laboratory, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Poojappura, Trivandrum, Kerala 695 012, India
| | - Rachel James Nirmala
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Valiamala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 547, India
| | - P R Anil Kumar
- Tissue Culture Laboratory, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Poojappura, Trivandrum, Kerala 695 012, India.
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Yu CB, Pan XP, Yu L, Yu XP, Du WB, Cao HC, Li J, Chen P, Li LJ. Evaluation of a novel choanoid fluidized bed bioreactor for future bioartificial livers. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:6869-77. [PMID: 24944477 PMCID: PMC4051926 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i22.6869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To construct and evaluate the functionality of a choanoid-fluidized bed bioreactor (CFBB) based on microencapsulated immortalized human hepatocytes. METHODS Encapsulated hepatocytes were placed in the constructed CFBB and circulated through Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) for 12 h, and then through exchanged plasma for 6 h, and compared with encapsulated cells cultivated under static conditions in a spinner flask. Levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and albumin were used to evaluate the CFBB during media circulation, whereas levels of ALT, total bilirubin (TBil), and albumin were used to evaluate it during plasma circulation. Mass transfer and hepatocyte injury were evaluated by comparing the results from the two experimental conditions. In addition, the viability and microstructure of encapsulated cells were observed in the different environments. RESULTS The bioartificial liver model based on a CFBB was verified by in vitro experiments. The viability of encapsulated cells accounting for 84.6% ± 3.7% in CFBB plasma perfusion was higher than the 74.8% ± 3.1% in the static culture group (P < 0.05) after 6 h. ALT release from cells was 29 ± 3.5 U/L vs 40.6 ± 3.2 U/L at 12 h (P < 0.01) in the CFBB medium circulation and static medium culture groups, respectively. Albumin secretion from cells was 234.2 ± 27.8 μg/1 × 10(7) cells vs 167.8 ± 29.3 μg/1 × 10(7) cells at 6 h (P < 0.01), 274.4 ± 34.6 μg/1 × 10(7) cells vs 208.4 ± 49.3 μg/1 × 10(7) cells (P < 0.05) at 12 h, in the two medium circulation/culture groups, respectively. Furthermore, ALT and TBil levels were 172.3 ± 24.1 U/L vs 236.3 ± 21.5 U/L (P < 0.05), 240.1 ± 23.9 μmol/L vs 241.9 ± 31.4 μmol/L (P > 0.05) at 6 h in the CFBB plasma perfusion and static plasma culture groups, respectively. There was no significant difference in albumin concentration between the two experimental plasma groups at any time point. The microstructure of the encapsulated hepatocytes remained healthier in the CFBB group compared with the static culture group after 6 h of plasma perfusion. CONCLUSION The CFBB can function as a bioartificial liver based on a bioreactor. The efficacy of this novel bioreactor is promising for the study of liver failure.
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Saeed A, Iqbal M. Loofa (Luffa cylindrica) sponge: Review of development of the biomatrix as a tool for biotechnological applications. Biotechnol Prog 2013; 29:573-600. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 11/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asma Saeed
- Environmental Biotechnology Group; Biotechnology and Food Research Centre; Lahore 54600 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Environmental Biotechnology Group; Biotechnology and Food Research Centre; Lahore 54600 Pakistan
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Hoffmann SA, Müller-Vieira U, Biemel K, Knobeloch D, Heydel S, Lübberstedt M, Nüssler AK, Andersson TB, Gerlach JC, Zeilinger K. Analysis of drug metabolism activities in a miniaturized liver cell bioreactor for use in pharmacological studies. Biotechnol Bioeng 2012; 109:3172-81. [PMID: 22688505 DOI: 10.1002/bit.24573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Based on a hollow fiber perfusion technology with internal oxygenation, a miniaturized bioreactor with a volume of 0.5 mL for in vitro studies was recently developed. Here, the suitability of this novel culture system for pharmacological studies was investigated, focusing on the model drug diclofenac. Primary human liver cells were cultivated in bioreactors and in conventional monolayer cultures in parallel over 10 days. From day 3 on, diclofenac was continuously applied at a therapeutic concentration (6.4 µM) for analysis of its metabolism. In addition, the activity and gene expression of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4 were assessed. Diclofenac was metabolized in bioreactor cultures with an initial conversion rate of 230 ± 57 pmol/h/10(6) cells followed by a period of stable conversion of about 100 pmol/h/10(6) cells. All CYP activities tested were maintained until day 10 of bioreactor culture. The expression of corresponding mRNAs correlated well with the degree of preservation. Immunohistochemical characterization showed the formation of neo-tissue with expression of CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 and the drug transporters breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2) in the bioreactor. In contrast, monolayer cultures showed a rapid decline of diclofenac conversion and cells had largely lost activity and mRNA expression of the assessed CYP isoforms at the end of the culture period. In conclusion, diclofenac metabolism, CYP activities and gene expression levels were considerably more stable in bioreactor cultures, making the novel bioreactor a useful tool for pharmacological or toxicological investigations requiring a highly physiological in vitro representation of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan A Hoffmann
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Berlin Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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Jain E, Kumar A. Designing Supermacroporous Cryogels Based on Polyacrylonitrile and a Polyacrylamide–Chitosan Semi-interpenetrating Network. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 20:877-902. [DOI: 10.1163/156856209x444321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Era Jain
- a Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, 208 016-Kanpur, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- b Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, 208 016-Kanpur, India
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Koch MA, Vrij EJ, Engel E, Planell JA, Lacroix D. Perfusion cell seeding on large porous PLA/calcium phosphate composite scaffolds in a perfusion bioreactor system under varying perfusion parameters. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 95:1011-8. [PMID: 20872752 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2009] [Revised: 03/02/2010] [Accepted: 06/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A promising approach to bone tissue engineering lies in the use of perfusion bioreactors where cells are seeded and cultured on scaffolds under conditions of enhanced nutrient supply and removal of metabolic products. Fluid flow alterations can stimulate cell activity, making the engineering of tissue more efficient. Most bioreactor systems are used to culture cells on thin scaffold discs. In clinical use, however, bone substitutes of large dimensions are needed. In this study, MG63 osteoblast-like cells were seeded on large porous PLA/glass scaffolds with a custom developed perfusion bioreactor system. Cells were seeded by oscillating perfusion of cell suspension through the scaffolds. Applicable perfusion parameters for successful cell seeding were determined by varying fluid flow velocity and perfusion cycle number. After perfusion, cell seeding, the cell distribution, and cell seeding efficiency were determined. A fluid flow velocity of 5 mm/s had to be exceeded to achieve a uniform cell distribution throughout the scaffold interior. Cell seeding efficiencies of up to 50% were achieved. Results suggested that perfusion cycle number influenced cell seeding efficiency rather than fluid flow velocities. The cell seeding conducted is a promising basis for further long term cell culture studies in large porous scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Koch
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain
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Jain E, Srivastava A, Kumar A. Macroporous interpenetrating cryogel network of poly(acrylonitrile) and gelatin for biomedical applications. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2009; 20 Suppl 1:S173-S179. [PMID: 18597161 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-008-3504-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2007] [Accepted: 06/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cryogels are supermacroporous gel network formed by cryogelation of appropriate monomers or polymeric precursors at subzero temperature. The beneficial feature of this system is a unique combination of high porosity with adequate mechanical strength and osmotic stability, due to which they are being envisaged as potential scaffold material for various biomedical applications. One of the important aspect of cryogel is simple approach by which they can be synthesized and use of aqueous solvent for their synthesis which make them suitable for different biological applications. Various modifications of the cryogels have been sought which involves coupling of various ligands to its surfaces, grafting of polymer chain to cryogel surface or interpenetrating networks of two or more polymers to form a cryogel which provides diversity of its applications. In the following work we have synthesized full interpenetrating network of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-gelatin with varied gelatin concentration. The PAN-gelatin cryogel interpenetrating network is macroporous in nature and has high percentage swelling equilibrium in the range of 862-1,200 with a flow rate greater than 10 ml/min, which characterizes the interconnectivity of pores and convective flow within the network. PAN-gelatin interpenetrating cryogel network has good mechanical stability as determined by Young's modulus which varies from 123 kPa to 819 kPa depending upon the polymer concentration. Moreover they are shown to be biocompatible and support cell growth within the scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Era Jain
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
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Wendt D, Riboldi SA, Cioffi M, Martin I. Potential and bottlenecks of bioreactors in 3D cell culture and tissue manufacturing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2009; 21:3352-67. [PMID: 20882502 DOI: 10.1002/adma.200802748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, we have witnessed an increased recognition of the importance of 3D culture models to study various aspects of cell physiology and pathology, as well as to engineer implantable tissues. As compared to well-established 2D cell-culture systems, cell/tissue culture within 3D porous biomaterials has introduced new scientific and technical challenges associated with complex transport phenomena, physical forces, and cell-microenvironment interactions. While bioreactor-based 3D model systems have begun to play a crucial role in addressing fundamental scientific questions, numerous hurdles currently impede the most efficient utilization of these systems. We describe how computational modeling and innovative sensor technologies, in conjunction with well-defined and controlled bioreactor-based 3D culture systems, will be key to gain further insight into cell behavior and the complexity of tissue development. These model systems will lay a solid foundation to further develop, optimize, and effectively streamline the essential bioprocesses to safely and reproducibly produce appropriately scaled tissue grafts for clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Wendt
- Department of Surgery and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
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Stimulating effects of fibroblast growth factors on hepatic function of fetal liver cells synergistically with oncostatin M in three-dimensional culture. J Biosci Bioeng 2009; 107:307-11. [PMID: 19269598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2008.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2008] [Revised: 10/29/2008] [Accepted: 10/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fetal liver cells (FLCs) are regarded as a feasible cell source of bioartificial liver (BAL), because the FLCs have proliferating ability even in vitro. However, the cellular functions of FLCs are considerably lower compared with mature hepatocytes. Thus, maturation of cultured FLCs is essential for enhancing the performance of the BAL using the FLCs. In the present study, the effects of fibroblast growth factors (FGF-1, FGF-2, and FGF-4) on cell growth and the liver-specific functions of mouse FLCs were investigated in the presence or absence of oncostatin M (OSM), under both three-dimensional (3-D) and monolayer culture conditions. When FGF-2 was used, no stimulating effects on the albumin secretion activities of the FLCs were observed either in the 3-D or monolayer cultures, although cell growth was improved in these cultures. In the cases of FGF-1 and FGF-4, these factors also had no effect on the albumin secretion activities in the absence of OSM. However, in the presence of OSM, FGF-1 and FGF-4 significantly enhanced the activities of the FLCs but only in the 3-D cultures. From scanning electron microscopic observation, the 3-D culture FLCs formed big cell aggregates on the surface of a porous scaffold. In conclusion, it was clarified that FGF-1 and FGF-4 facilitate the maturation of 3-D culture FLCs synergistically with OSM.
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Bioreactors in Tissue Engineering: Scientific Challenges and Clinical Perspectives. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2008_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Cullen DK, Vukasinovic J, Glezer A, Laplaca MC. Microfluidic engineered high cell density three-dimensional neural cultures. J Neural Eng 2007; 4:159-72. [PMID: 17409489 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2560/4/2/015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) neural cultures with cells distributed throughout a thick, bioactive protein scaffold may better represent neurobiological phenomena than planar correlates lacking matrix support. Neural cells in vivo interact within a complex, multicellular environment with tightly coupled 3D cell-cell/cell-matrix interactions; however, thick 3D neural cultures at cell densities approaching that of brain rapidly decay, presumably due to diffusion limited interstitial mass transport. To address this issue, we have developed a novel perfusion platform that utilizes forced intercellular convection to enhance mass transport. First, we demonstrated that in thick (>500 microm) 3D neural cultures supported by passive diffusion, cell densities <or=5.0 x 10(3) cells mm(-3) were required for survival. In 3D neuronal and neuronal-astrocytic co-cultures with increased cell density (10(4) cells mm(-3)), continuous medium perfusion at 2.0-11.0 microL min(-1) improved viability compared to non-perfused cultures (p < 0.01), which exhibited widespread cell death and matrix degradation. In perfused cultures, survival was dependent on proximity to the perfusion source at 2.00-6.25 microL min(-1) (p < 0.05); however, at perfusion rates of 10.0-11.0 microL min(-1) survival did not depend on the distance from the perfusion source, and resulted in a preservation of cell density with >90% viability in both neuronal cultures and neuronal-astrocytic co-cultures. This work demonstrates the utility of forced interstitial convection in improving the survival of high cell density 3D engineered neural constructs and may aid in the development of novel tissue-engineered systems reconstituting 3D cell-cell/cell-matrix interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kacy Cullen
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parket H Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Laboratory for Neuroengineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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