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Adamczewska K, Adamczewski Z, Lewiński A, Stawerska R. Leptin Does Not Influence TSH Levels in Obese Short Children. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:838881. [PMID: 35399935 PMCID: PMC8989378 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.838881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Growth hormone (GH) and thyroid hormones are important for children growing. In some obese children a slightly elevated TSH concentration is observed. This may be an adaptive mechanism: stimulation of pro-TRH biosynthesis in the hypothalamus in response to elevated leptin. The increased TSH may also reflect the necessity of maintaining the resting energy expenditure or may be a result of inappropriate, low FT4 concentration. Thus, we evaluated serum TSH and FT4 concentrations in idiopathic short stature (ISS) children (non GH-deficient) and examined the effect of children's nutritional status and levels of selected adipocytokines on thyroid function, searching for the presence of various forms of subclinical hypothyroidism, which may be the cause of the slow growth rate. METHODS The study group included 115 children (50 girls and 65 boys) with ISS, aged (mean ± SD) 10.4 ± 3.34 years. In each child, lipids, TSH, FT4, IGF-1, maxGH during the stimulation tests, leptin, adiponectin and resistin concentrations were determined. Based on BMI SDS, 3 subgroups: slim (n=26), obese (n=21) and normal weight (n=68) were distinguished. RESULTS There was no correlation between leptin level and TSH, FT4 levels. The levels of leptin, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in obese short children were significantly higher than in children from other subgroups. In turn, the levels of adiponectin, resistin, TSH and FT4 did not differ between subgroups. In 7% of children, an elevated TSH level was found (but less than 10 mIU/L), with a similar frequency across subgroups. The higher the leptin, the lower maxGH in clonidine stimulation test was recorded. CONCLUSIONS It seems that in obese children with idiopathic short stature leptin does not increase TSH secretion. This may be related to a disruption of the effect of leptin on TSH production and could indicate wide ranging disturbances of hypothalamic signals, and consequently be the cause of inappropriate GH secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrzej Lewiński
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Renata Stawerska
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- *Correspondence: Renata Stawerska,
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Hwang IT, Kim M, Kim NY, Yoon JS, Lee HJ, Jeong HR, Shim YS, Kang MJ. Gene polymorphisms in leptin and its receptor and the response to growth hormone treatment in patients with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency. Endocr J 2021; 68:889-895. [PMID: 33762520 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej20-0788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the relationships between genetic polymorphisms of leptin/receptor genes and clinical/biochemical characteristics in children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD). Ninety-three GHD children and 69 age-matched normal controls were enrolled. Anthropometric measurements, bone age, and laboratory test results were obtained. Polymorphisms in the LEP gene promoter locus (LEP-2548, rs7799039) and LEPR genes (K109R, rs1137100 and Q223R, rs1137101) were analyzed using PCR-RFLP. The serum leptin levels were measured using an ELISA kit. The median height and BMI z-scores of all GHD subjects were -2.20 and -0.26, respectively, and those of normal controls were -0.30 and -0.13, respectively. The serum leptin levels were similar between GHD subjects and normal controls (p = 0.537), but those were different between the complete GHD (6.97 ng/mL) and partial GHD (4.22 ng/mL) groups (p = 0.047). There were no differences in the genotypic distributions of LEP-2548, LEPR K109R, and Q223R between GHD subjects and normal controls. However, GHD subjects with the G allele at LEP-2548 showed higher IGF-1 (p = 0.047) and IGFBP-3 SDSs (p = 0.027) than GHD subjects with the A allele. GHD subjects with the G allele at LEPR Q223R showed lower stimulated GH levels (p = 0.023) and greater height gain after 1 year of GH treatment (p = 0.034) than GHD subjects with the A allele. In conclusion, leptin/leptin receptor genes are suggested to have the role of growth-related factors, which can affect various growth responses in children who share the same disease entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il Tae Hwang
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University College of Medicine, 1, Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Mijin Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University College of Medicine, 1, Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Nan Young Kim
- Hallym Institute of Translational Genomics & Bioinformatics, Hallym University Medical Center, 11, Gwanpyeong-ro 170beon-gil, Dongan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14066, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seo Yoon
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University College of Medicine, 1, Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University College of Medicine, 1, Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwal Rim Jeong
- Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, 31, Suncheonhyang 6-gil, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Suk Shim
- Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University College of Medicine, 164, World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jae Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University College of Medicine, 1, Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea
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Jensen EA, Young JA, Mathes SC, List EO, Carroll RK, Kuhn J, Onusko M, Kopchick JJ, Murphy ER, Berryman DE. Crosstalk between the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 axis and the gut microbiome: A new frontier for microbial endocrinology. Growth Horm IGF Res 2020; 53-54:101333. [PMID: 32717585 PMCID: PMC7938704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2020.101333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Both the GH/IGF-1 axis and the gut microbiota independently play an important role in host growth, metabolism, and intestinal homeostasis. Inversely, abnormalities in GH action and microbial dysbiosis (or a lack of diversity) in the gut have been implicated in restricted growth, metabolic disorders (such as chronic undernutrition, anorexia nervosa, obesity, and diabetes), and intestinal dysfunction (such as pediatric Crohn's disease, colonic polyps, and colon cancer). Over the last decade, studies have demonstrated that the microbial impact on growth may be mediated through the GH/IGF-1 axis, pointing toward a potential relationship between GH and the gut microbiota. This review covers current research on the GH/IGF-1 axis and the gut microbiome and its influence on overall host growth, metabolism, and intestinal health, proposing a bidirectional relationship between GH and the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Jensen
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Graduate College, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America; Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, United States of America
| | - Jonathan A Young
- Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, United States of America; Edison Biotechnology Institute, Konneker Research Labs, Athens, OH, United States of America
| | - Samuel C Mathes
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Konneker Research Labs, Athens, OH, United States of America
| | - Edward O List
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Graduate College, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America; Edison Biotechnology Institute, Konneker Research Labs, Athens, OH, United States of America; The Diabetes Institute, Parks Hall Suite 142, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America
| | - Ronan K Carroll
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America
| | - Jaycie Kuhn
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Konneker Research Labs, Athens, OH, United States of America
| | - Maria Onusko
- The Diabetes Institute, Parks Hall Suite 142, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America; Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America
| | - John J Kopchick
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Graduate College, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America; Edison Biotechnology Institute, Konneker Research Labs, Athens, OH, United States of America; The Diabetes Institute, Parks Hall Suite 142, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America
| | - Erin R Murphy
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Graduate College, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America; Infectious and Tropical Diseases Institute, Irvine Hall, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America
| | - Darlene E Berryman
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Graduate College, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America; Edison Biotechnology Institute, Konneker Research Labs, Athens, OH, United States of America; The Diabetes Institute, Parks Hall Suite 142, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America.
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Firouzi M, Sherkatolabbasieh H, Shafizadeh S. Genetic Anomalies of Growth Hormone Deficiency in Pediatrics. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 21:288-297. [PMID: 32621723 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200704144912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Several different proteins regulate, directly or indirectly, the production of growth hormones from the pituitary gland, thereby complex genetics is involved. Defects in these genes are related to the deficiency of growth hormones solely, or deficiency of other hormones, secreted from the pituitary gland including growth hormones. These studies can aid clinicians to trace the pattern of the disease between the families, start early treatment and predict possible future consequences. This paper highlights some of the most common and novel genetic anomalies concerning growth hormones, which are responsible for various genetic defects in isolated growth and combined pituitary hormone deficiency disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Firouzi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | | | - Shiva Shafizadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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Stawerska R, Smyczyńska J, Hilczer M, Lewiński A. Relationship between IGF-I Concentration and Metabolic Profile in Children with Growth Hormone Deficiency: The Influence of Children's Nutritional State as well as the Ghrelin, Leptin, Adiponectin, and Resistin Serum Concentrations. Int J Endocrinol 2017; 2017:5713249. [PMID: 28596789 PMCID: PMC5449754 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5713249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some, however not all, children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) reveal a tendency towards metabolic disorders. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is the main mediator of GH anabolic effects. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to compare ghrelin, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, lipid, glucose, and insulin concentrations in GHD children, depending on the IGF-I bioavailability. METHODS The analysis comprised 26 children with GHD, aged 5.7-15.3 yrs. Fasting serum concentrations of IGF-I, IGFBP-3, ghrelin, leptin, adiponectin, resistin, lipids, glucose, and insulin were measured. The GHD children were divided into two subgroups: (1) with lower IGF-I/IGFBP-3 molar ratio and (2) with higher IGF-I/IGFBP-3 molar ratio. The control group consisted of 39 healthy children, aged 5.1-16.6 yrs, of normal height and body mass. RESULTS GHD children with lower IGF-I/IGFBP-3 molar ratio were found to have a significantly lower body mass and insulin and triglyceride concentrations, as well as significantly higher ghrelin and adiponectin concentrations than GHD children with higher IGF-I/IGFBP-3. CONCLUSIONS A better metabolic profile characterised GHD children with low IGF-I bioavailability. This phenomenon may be the result of high adiponectin and ghrelin concentrations in those children and their influence on adipose tissue, glucose uptake, and orexigenic axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Stawerska
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, Rzgowska Street 281/289, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Smyczyńska
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, Rzgowska Street 281/289, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
| | - Maciej Hilczer
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, Rzgowska Street 281/289, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Rzgowska Street 281/289, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Lewiński
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, Rzgowska Street 281/289, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Rzgowska Street 281/289, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
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