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Calo M, Judd B, Peiris C. Grit, resilience and growth-mindset interventions in health professional students: A systematic review and meta-analysis. MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024. [PMID: 38600797 DOI: 10.1111/medu.15391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Grit, resilience and a growth-mindset influence students' ability to positively adapt to the challenges of health professional training. However, it is unclear if interventions can improve these traits. This systematic review aimed to explore if interventions can improve these traits in health professional students (primary) and their impact on academic and/or wellbeing outcomes (secondary). METHODS A comprehensive search of CINAHL, MEDLINE, Eric and Embase was conducted from inception until 15 March 2023. Randomised or non-randomised controlled trials and single-group intervention studies that aimed to improve health professional students' resilience, grit and/or growth-mindset were eligible for inclusion. Two reviewers independently screened studies for inclusion and evaluated quality using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Post-intervention data from randomised and non-randomised control trials were pooled using a random-effects model to calculate standardised mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Resilience interventions improved resilience by a moderate amount in 13 studies with 990 participants (pooled SMD 0.74, 95%CI 0.03 to 1.46) and a large amount when interventions were greater than one session duration in 10 trials with 740 participants (pooled SMD 0.97, 95%CI 0.08 to 1.85). Grit and growth-mindset interventions improved grit (pooled SMD 0.48, 95%CI -0.05 to 1.00, n = 2) and growth-mindset (pooled SMD 0.25, 95%CI -0.18 to 0.68, n = 2) by a small amount. Resilience interventions decreased perceived stress by a small amount (pooled SMD -0.38, 95%CI -0.62 to -0.14, n = 5). CONCLUSIONS Resilience interventions improve resilience and decrease perceived stress in health professional students. Preliminary evidence suggests grit and growth-mindset interventions may also benefit health professional students. Interventions may be most effective when they are longer than one session and targeted to students with low baseline levels of resilience and grit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlena Calo
- School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Belinda Judd
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Casey Peiris
- School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- Allied Health, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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Delafontaine A, Saiydoun G, Vallée M, Fabeck L, Sarhan FR, Rulleau T, Gautier S, Pinsault N. Impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and lockdowns on the education and mental health of physiotherapy students in France: a descriptive cross-sectional study with national online survey. J Rehabil Med 2024; 56:jrm18463. [PMID: 38197514 PMCID: PMC10795691 DOI: 10.2340/jrm.v56.18463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic and lockdowns on the mental health status, training, perceptions of the physiotherapy profession, and career plans of French physiotherapy students. DESIGN A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted, representing the first and only survey of its kind, using a national online survey. SUBJECTS A total of 2678 French physiotherapy students participated in the study. METHODS Mental health status was assessed using the validated French versions of established depression, anxiety, and insomnia scales. RESULTS The survey revealed that female sex, age below 21 years, living alone, and having a psychiatric history or COVID-19 risk factors were associated with more severe symptoms of depression, anxiety, and insomnia in the surveyed students. In addition, stress, anxiety, and depression induced by the COVID-19 crisis were linked to apprehension about continuing practical training in physiotherapy. These factors also affected students' perceptions of the profession and the initially envisioned mode of practice, particularly among fifth-year students (odds ratio (OR) = 2.25, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = (1.69, 2.99), p < 0.001). Notably, the pandemic significantly reduced the desire of these students to pursue a career as physiotherapists (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.41 (1.06, 1.86)). CONCLUSION French physiotherapy students, especially those in their fifth year, have experienced significant impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic, affecting their mental health, education, perceptions of the physiotherapy profession, and career plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Delafontaine
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Free of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium; CIAMS, Univ. Paris-Sud., University Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France; Department of Research and International, ASSAS Rehabilitation School, Paris, France.
| | - Gabriel Saiydoun
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Pitié Salpetrière University Hospital, Sorbonne University, APHP, Paris, France; Department of Cardiac Surgery, Henri Mondor University Hospital, AP-HP, Créteil, France; Mondor Biomédical Research Institute, IMRB, Inserm U955, Creteil Faculty of Health, Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Maxime Vallée
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, France; University of Poitiers, INSERM U1070, "Pharmacologie des Anti-Infectieux", UFR Médecine-Pharmacie, Pôle Biologie Santé, Bâtiment B36 TSA 51106, Poitiers, France
| | - Laurent Fabeck
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Free of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - François-Régis Sarhan
- Physiotherapy School (IFMK), University Hospital Amiens - Picardie, Amiens, France; UR 7516 CHIMERE, University Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Thomas Rulleau
- University of Nantes, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Sylvain Gautier
- University of Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm U1018 CESP, «centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations, Equipe Soins primaires et prévention», Villejuif, France; Department of Epidemiology and Public health, AP-HP, GHU Paris Saclay, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Garches, France
| | - Nicolas Pinsault
- TIMC-IMAG UMR CNRS 5525, ThEMAS Team, University of Grenoble Alpes, Domaine de la Merci, La Tronche, France; French National Council of Physiotherapy (CNOMK), Paris, France
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Sarfraz A, Siddiqui S, Galante J, Sikander S. Feasibility and Acceptability of an Online Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Stress Reduction and Psychological Wellbeing of University Students in Pakistan: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20085512. [PMID: 37107796 PMCID: PMC10139103 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20085512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The rise in mental health concerns of university students is causing a serious hinderance to their wellbeing, impeding their functioning. The socio-economic and political friction in low- and middle-income countries adds to their vulnerability and calls for a cost-effective indigenous intervention. Consequently, this study aimed to inform a large definitive trial by assessing the feasibility and acceptability of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) design evaluating a culturally adapted online Mindfulness Training Course (MTC) used to improve stress and wellbeing among Pakistani university students. A two-arm pilot randomized controlled trial was conducted. University students (n = 156) were randomly assigned to either the MTC group (n = 80) or Wait-list (WL) control group (n = 76) and completed baseline and post-intervention self-report measures for mindfulness, stress and psychological wellbeing. Additionally, semi-structured interviews were conducted with consenting MTC group participants (n = 18) to explore their views about MTC, employing reflexive thematic analysis. Of 80 participants randomized to the MTC group, 32 completed the course, whereas, from the 156 randomized participants, 102 completed assessment surveys. Feasibility and acceptability indicators showed high recruitment, compliance, and adherence to MTC, with practical steps for randomization and online data collection. Further results showed higher levels of mindfulness and psychological wellbeing and lowered stress levels in the MTC group compared to the control group. The attrition and dropout rates were high; however, the feedback from participants who completed the MTC was highly positive and encouraging. In conclusion, if the trial proceeds with increased outreach in a large-scale RCT, the recruitment might be revised to reduce attrition rates. Further recommendations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anum Sarfraz
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, School of Social Sciences and Humanities, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Correspondence:
| | - Salma Siddiqui
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, School of Social Sciences and Humanities, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Julieta Galante
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Siham Sikander
- Department of Primary Care and Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GF, UK
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Ahmed I, Hazell CM, Edwards B, Glazebrook C, Davies EB. A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies exploring prevalence of non-specific anxiety in undergraduate university students. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:240. [PMID: 37041470 PMCID: PMC10088287 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04645-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety is a common mental health problem in the general population, and is associated with functional impairment and negative impacts upon quality of life. There has been increased concern about university students' mental health in recent years, with a wide range of non-specific anxiety rates reported worldwide in undergraduate university students. We aimed to explore prevalence of non-specific anxiety in undergraduate university student populations. METHODS Four databases were searched to identify studies published between 1980 and 2020 which investigated prevalence of non-specific anxiety in undergraduate university students. Each study's quality was appraised using a checklist. Sub-analyses were undertaken reflecting outcome measure utilized, course of study, location of study, and whether study was before or during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS A total of 89 studies - representing approx. 130,090 students-met inclusion criteria. Eighty-three were included in meta-analysis, calculating a weighted mean prevalence of 39.65% (95% CI: 35.72%-43.58%) for non-specific anxiety. Prevalence from diagnostic interview studies ranged from 0.3%-20.8% 12-month prevalence. Prevalence varied by outcome measure used to assess non-specific anxiety, the type of course studied by sample, and by study location. In half the studies, being female was associated with being more likely to have higher non-specific anxiety scores and/or screening above thresholds. Few of the included studies met all quality appraisal criteria. CONCLUSION The results suggest that approximately a third of undergraduate students are experiencing elevated levels of non-specific anxiety. Results from sub-analyses have identified some methodological issues that need consideration in appraising prevalence in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irtiqa Ahmed
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Cassie M Hazell
- Department of Psychological Interventions, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
| | - Bethany Edwards
- School of Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Cris Glazebrook
- Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, School of Medicine, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - E Bethan Davies
- Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, School of Medicine, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR MindTech MedTech Co-Operative, Institute of Mental Health, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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5
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Morris R, Hoelterhoff M, Argyros G. The challenges and experiences of academics supporting psychological capital among students at the emergence of COVID-19: A qualitative investigation of award-winning educators at a British university. BRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 93:405-422. [PMID: 36458569 PMCID: PMC9877583 DOI: 10.1111/bjep.12565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies show that student mental health has continued to deteriorate over the years. Developing strengths-based approaches could aid educators in the development of Psychological Capital (PsyCap) and positive protective factors in students to support their mental well-being and aid in their success; however, little is known of the subject experience of educators who attempt this. AIMS This study aims to understand the experience of award-winning educators; both in their attempts to cultivate positive protective factors in students and in challenges to the pursuit of that goal during the shifting academic landscape at the emergence of COVID-19. SAMPLE Six award-winning educators from a British university. METHODS Participants were interviewed over video calls in this research design using semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. RESULTS & DISCUSSION The results showed two major themes; pressures for academics and strength-based approached to cultivating PsyCap. These themes reflected that educators saw an urgent need for students to develop resilience as they struggle to handle subjective failure and that students struggle with imposter syndrome. The educators identified the challenges as feeling taken for granted, having unmanageable workloads along high expectations placed on them. CONCLUSION COVID-19 has added significantly to the workloads of educators and demonstrated students' need for resilience. This research identifies the experiences of educators trying to improve strengths-based practice while identifying the challenges of pursuing that goal in the changing pedagogy post-COVID-19.
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6
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Webber SC, Wener P, MacDonald LL, Tittlemier BJ, Hahn F, Cooper JE. "This program should come with a warning sign!": Mental wellness in occupational therapy and physical therapy students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:2491-2498. [PMID: 33522445 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1865983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: To measure and compare distress in entry-level masters occupational therapy (OT) and physical therapy (PT) students; to evaluate distress levels relative to existing data; and to explore factors that cause stress, effects of stress, and coping strategies. Participants: Ninety-eight OT and PT students (75 females, 23 males) from two cohorts at a Canadian university. Methods: Sequential mixed-methods including questionnaires and inductive analysis of focus group discussions. Results: OT and PT students from one cohort reported higher levels of stress, anxiety and/or depression compared to the following academic year and compared to undergraduate and general population samples. The overall theme was the unrelenting tug of war between school and other aspects of students' lives. Factors related to academic workload negatively affected mental health. Coping strategies included physical activity, strategic selection of peers, and modifying expectations. Conclusions: Wellness in OT and PT students is an important concern that deserves attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra C Webber
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Pamela Wener
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Laura L MacDonald
- School of Dental Hygiene, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Brenda J Tittlemier
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Francine Hahn
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Juliette E Cooper
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Eating Behaviors, Depressive Symptoms and Lifestyle in University Students in Poland. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051106. [PMID: 35268081 PMCID: PMC8912316 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Young adulthood is the period from the late teens through the twenties and is associated with life transitions that could contribute to the development of obesity. Targeting this group will be critical to reversing the obesity epidemic. The aim of the study was to investigate the eating behaviors and lifestyle of healthcare students in Poland. We enrolled 227 students in the study. Convenience sampling was employed. Diet (Food Frequency Questionnaire), physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire), depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory), impulsivity (Barratt Impulsivity Scale), and eating behaviors (Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire) were assessed. One in three students exhibited depressive symptoms, one in four showed low levels of physical activity. More than 40% of the students did not consume vegetables at least once a day, and more than half did not consume fruit. Only approximately 50% of the students ate fish several times a month. There was an association between high scores of specific eating behaviors and body weight, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and consumption of specific product groups (sweets, alcohol). The results of our study are expected to contribute to a better understanding of dietary habits and overweight/obesity in university students, and support the development of programs to promote healthy lifestyles in that population.
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8
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Kupcewicz E, Mikla M, Kadučáková H, Grochans E, Valcarcel MDR, Cybulska AM. Correlation between Positive Orientation and Control of Anger, Anxiety and Depression in Nursing Students in Poland, Spain and Slovakia during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19042482. [PMID: 35206674 PMCID: PMC8876154 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
(1) This study analysed the relationship between positive orientation and subjective control of anger, anxiety and depression in nursing students in Poland, Spain and Slovakia during the pandemic. (2) The survey was carried out by the diagnostic survey method in a group of 756 nursing students in Poland, Spain and Slovakia. The empirical data were gathered using an original survey questionnaire, the Positive Orientation Scale and the Courtauld Emotional Control Scale. (3) It was shown that the positive orientation level in Polish students was significantly lower than in students in Spain (p < 0.0001) and Slovakia (p < 0.0001). Low results for positive orientation were obtained in nearly half (47.18%) of the respondents in the Polish sample, whereas it was 34.18% and 31.18% in the Spanish and Slovak samples, respectively (p < 0.0001). A positive orientation was the most important predictor of emotional control among the nursing students at all the sites (p < 0.0001). (4) Positive orientation has been shown to have a significant impact on emotional control in nursing students during the pandemic. Therefore, it is important to carefully monitor students’ mental health during the pandemic to determine the demand for psychological and emotional support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Kupcewicz
- Department of Nursing, Collegium Medicum University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Marzena Mikla
- Department of Nursing, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (M.M.); (M.D.R.V.)
| | - Helena Kadučáková
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Catholic University in Ruzomberok, 034-01 Ruzomberok, Slovakia;
| | - Elżbieta Grochans
- Department of Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland;
| | | | - Anna Maria Cybulska
- Department of Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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9
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Shahid H, Hasan MA, Ejaz O, Khan HR, Idrees M, Ashraf M, Aftab S, Qazi SA. The Severity of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress: Recommendations From Joint Work of Research Center and Psychology Clinics in COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:839542. [PMID: 35795030 PMCID: PMC9251409 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.839542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the psychological stability of general population of Pakistan. However, research on the severity of COVID-19 induced depression, anxiety, and stress (DAS) in Pakistan is scarce. This paper thereby investigates the severity of COVID-19 induced DAS based on demographic, socioeconomic, and personal feeling variables by modeling DAS. Snowball sampling strategy was adopted to conduct online survey from July 03, 2021 to July 09, 2021. Out of 2,442, 2,069 responses from Karachi were included. Descriptive and inferential statistics (binary and multinomial logistic regression analysis) were performed using SPSS V21 (IBM, 2013) to identify significant determinants and their association with DAS severity. The result of this study indicates 27.8, 21.7, and 18.3% respondents suffer from severe and extremely severe states of depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively. Binary logistic regression revealed that age is a significant determinant with odds of having 4.72 (95% CI = 1.86-11.97) and 5.86 (95% CI = 2.26-15.2) times greater depression, and stress for respondents aged 19-26 years. Moreover, gender-based difference is also observed with females 1.34 (95% CI = 1.08-1.68) and 1.75 (95% CI = 1.40-2.20) times more likely to exhibit anxiety and stress than males. Furthermore, marital status is a significant determinant of depression with odds of having depression is 0.67 (95% CI = 0.48-0.93) times greater for married population. Multinomial logistic regression revealed that those who believe COVID-19 pandemic has affected them mentally, fear new COVID-19 cases and deaths, depressed due to imposition of lockdown, believe they will not survive COVID-19 infection, and spend more time on social media gathering COVID-19 updates suffer from extremely severe state of depression (OR mental-effect-of-pandemic = 3.70, OR new-COVID-19-cases-and-deaths = 2.20, OR imposition-of-lockdown = 17.77, OR survival-probability = 8.17, OR time-on-social-media = 9.01), anxiety (OR mental-effect-of-pandemic = 4.78, OR new-COVID-19-cases-and-deaths = 3.52, OR imposition-of-lockdown = 5.06, OR survival-probability = 8.86, OR time-on-social-media = 5.12) and stress (OR mental-effect-of-pandemic = 6.07, OR imposition-of-lockdown = 11.38, OR survival-probability = 15.66, OR time-on-social-media = 4.39). Information regarding DAS severity will serve as a platform for research centers and psychological clinics, to work collectively and provide technology-based treatment to reduce the burden on the limited number of psychologist and psychotherapist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Shahid
- Neurocomputation Laboratory, National Center of Artificial Intelligence, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abul Hasan
- Neurocomputation Laboratory, National Center of Artificial Intelligence, Karachi, Pakistan.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Osama Ejaz
- Neurocomputation Laboratory, National Center of Artificial Intelligence, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hashim Raza Khan
- Neurocomputation Laboratory, National Center of Artificial Intelligence, Karachi, Pakistan.,Department of Electronics Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Idrees
- Al'Shakoor Mental Health Clinic, Al'Shakoor Foundation, Karachi, Pakistan.,Rehabilitation Centre for Drug Addicts, New Horizon Care Centre (NHCC), Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mishal Ashraf
- Al'Shakoor Mental Health Clinic, Al'Shakoor Foundation, Karachi, Pakistan.,Rehabilitation Centre for Drug Addicts, New Horizon Care Centre (NHCC), Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Aftab
- Institute of Clinical Psychology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saad Ahmed Qazi
- Neurocomputation Laboratory, National Center of Artificial Intelligence, Karachi, Pakistan.,Department of Electrical Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
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Gallasch D, Conlon-Leard A, Hardy M, Phillips A, Van Kessel G, Stiller K. Variable levels of stress and anxiety reported by physiotherapy students during clinical placements: a cohort study. Physiotherapy 2021; 114:38-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Leaune E, Vieux M, Marchal M, Combes C, Crandall S, Haesebaert J, Poulet E. Self-reported mental health symptoms, quality of life and coping strategies in French health sciences students during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic: An online survey. Encephale 2021; 48:607-614. [PMID: 34625216 PMCID: PMC8461261 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Health sciences students usually report high rates of mental health problems. The COVID-19 pandemic context may have serious psychological impacts in this at-risk population. We aimed to assess the self-reported mental health status, health-related quality of life and coping strategies of health sciences students during the early stage of the pandemic. Method An online 128-item questionnaire sent to 17,673 health sciences students from the Claude Bernard University Lyon 1 in April 2020 assessed: a) sociodemographic characteristics, b) conditions of lockdown, c) depressive (Beck Depression Inventory- Short Form, BDI-SF), anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-A, STAI-A) and traumatic symptoms (Impact of Event Scale -Revised, IES-R), d) health-related quality of life (SF12) and e) coping strategies (Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced, Brief COPE). Results The participation rate was 9.9% (n = 1,765). A total of 19.5% of participants reported an IES-R > 33, 11.6% depressive symptoms, 58.1% anxiety symptoms, and 4.4% suicidal ideation. Their mental health-related quality of life was significantly poorer than for physical health. Female gender, COVID-like symptoms, social isolation due to the lockdown, pandemic-related financial restraint and exams-related stress were significantly associated with poorer self-reported mental health conditions. Volunteering in the healthcare system was significantly associated with lower mental health scores. Coping strategies were mostly oriented toward avoidance and positive appraisal. Conclusion French health sciences students exhibited high levels of self-reported mental health problems and a poor mental health-related quality of life during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. Specific risk factors related to the pandemic partly explain the observed prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Leaune
- Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, 69500 Bron, France; INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Psychiatric Disorders: from Resistance to Response-PSYR2 Team, 69000 Lyon, France; Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, 69000 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - M Vieux
- Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, 69500 Bron, France
| | - M Marchal
- Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, 69500 Bron, France; Lumière Lyon 2 University, 69500 Bron, France
| | - C Combes
- Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, 69000 Villeurbanne, France
| | - S Crandall
- Wake Forrest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, États-Unis
| | - J Haesebaert
- Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, 69000 Villeurbanne, France; EA 7425, HESPER Health Services and Performance Research-Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - E Poulet
- Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, 69500 Bron, France; INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Psychiatric Disorders: from Resistance to Response-PSYR2 Team, 69000 Lyon, France; Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, 69000 Villeurbanne, France; Department of Emergency Psychiatry, University Hospital Edouard Herriot, Hospices civils de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France
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12
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Positive psychology interventions in the United Arab Emirates: boosting wellbeing - and changing culture? CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 42:7475-7488. [PMID: 34305364 PMCID: PMC8284689 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02080-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
As the science of wellbeing has grown, universities have adopted the challenge of prioritizing the wellbeing of students. Positive psychology interventions (PPIs), activities designed to increase the frequency of positive emotions and experiences, which help to facilitate the use of actions and thoughts that lead to human flourishing, are being increasingly used worldwide. Known to boost wellbeing and a number of other variables, it nonetheless remains unknown whether their use can influence other variables in non-Western cultures. In this study, we determined the impact of PPIs on a variety of wellbeing outcomes. The 6-week PPI program was conducted in the United Arab Emirates on Emirati university students (n = 120) who reported more positive emotion and overall balance of feelings that favored positivity over time relative to a control group. Yet, there was no effect found on negative emotions, life satisfaction, perceived stress, fear of happiness, locus of control, or somatic symptoms, and no effect on levels of collectivism or individualism. Our findings nonetheless support the use of PPIs in higher education as they show an increase in the experience of positive emotion, with this in itself bringing positive life outcomes, and no negative impact on culture. Our findings serve to build a foundation for understanding for whom PPIs work best - and least - around the world.
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Simegn W, Dagnew B, Yeshaw Y, Yitayih S, Woldegerima B, Dagne H. Depression, anxiety, stress and their associated factors among Ethiopian University students during an early stage of COVID-19 pandemic: An online-based cross-sectional survey. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251670. [PMID: 34048434 PMCID: PMC8162693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The occurrence of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects the mental health situation of almost everyone, including University students who spent most of their time at home due to the closure of the Universities. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing depression, anxiety, stress and identifying their associated factors among university students in Ethiopia during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We invited students to complete an online survey using Google forms comprising consent, socio-demographic characteristics, and the standard validated depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS-21) questionnaire. After completion of the survey from June 30 to July 30, 2020, we exported the data into SPSS 22. Both descriptive and analytical statistics were computed. Associated factors were identified using binary logistic regression and variables with a p-value <0.05 were declared as statistically significant factors with the outcome variables. RESULTS A total of 423 students completed the online survey. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress in this study was 46.3%, 52%, and 28.6%, respectively. In the multivariable model, female sex, poor self-efficacy to prevent COVID-19, those who do not read any material about COVID-19 prevention, lack of access to reading materials about their profession, and lack of access to uninterrupted internet access were significantly associated with depression. Female sex, lower ages, students with non-health-related departments, those who do not think that COVID-19 is preventable, and those who do not read any materials about COVID-19 prevention were significantly associated with anxiety. Whereas, being female, students attending 1st and 2nd years, those who do not think that COVID-19 is preventable, presence of confirmed COVID-19 patient at the town they are living in, and lack of access to reading materials about their profession were significantly associated with stress. CONCLUSIONS Depression, anxiety, and stress level among University students calls for addressing these problems by controlling the modifiable factors identified and promoting psychological wellbeing of students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wudneh Simegn
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Baye Dagnew
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Yigizie Yeshaw
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Sewbesew Yitayih
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Birhanemeskel Woldegerima
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Henok Dagne
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Nayak BS, Sahu PK. Socio-demographic and educational factors associated with Depression, Anxiety and Stress among Health Professions students. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2021; 27:848-853. [PMID: 33719750 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2021.1896760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Depression, anxiety and stress are the most prevalent mental health problems among health professions' students. The study was aimed to explore the socio-demographic and educational factors associated with depression, anxiety and stress among health professions' students. Using non-random purposeful sampling, 366 health professions' students studied in 2018/19 were surveyed via a self-reported questionnaire that included Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and questions on sociodemographic and educational characteristics. The majority of respondents were from the School of Medicine (59.8%), with 116 males and 250 females. Sleep duration, communication problems with teaching staff, feelings of inferiority to friends and family problems were determined to be independent predictors of depression in the current study. Communication problems with teaching staff, feelings of inferiority to friends and family problems were important predictors of anxiety. Further, we found that feelings of inferiority to friends and family problems were found to be important risk factors for stress. Our results suggest that the overall prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among health professions' students were considerably high. All students having a severe mental health issues should be supported by the student counselling centre and expert clinicians in order to confirm the diagnosis and implement subsequent treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Shivananda Nayak
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad
| | - Pradeep Kumar Sahu
- Centre for Medical Sciences Education, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad
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Khan MN, Akhtar P, Ijaz S, Waqas A. Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms Among University Students in Pakistan: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Public Health 2021; 8:603357. [PMID: 33490022 PMCID: PMC7820542 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.603357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In Pakistan, almost 30% population is between 15 to 29 years of age, with university enrollment rates of 10-15%. Although there is a growing concern on mental health of university students across the globe, studies from low and middle income countries such as Pakistan are scarce. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence of depressive symptoms among Pakistani university students. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, PsycInfo and Google Scholar were searched between 15 to 30th January 2020. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, published till 31st December 2019 were included. Data on study characteristics and prevalence of depressive symptoms were extracted. Meta-analysis was conducted using random effects models. To estimate subgroup difference based on study characteristics, meta-regression and sub-group analyses were conducted. Results: In total, 26 studies involving 7,652 participants were included in review. Overall prevalence of depressive symptoms was 42.66% (95% CI: 34.82% to 50.89%), with significant heterogeneity among studies. Subgroup analyses revealed a significant difference in prevalence estimates based on depression screening instrument and study major. Statistically significant differences were observed among studies employing different psychometric scales (test for subgroup differences, Q = 21.92, p < 0.05) and between students from different study majors (test for subgroup differences, Q = 3.76, p = 0.05). Conclusion: Our study found that overall prevalence of depressive symptoms among university students in Pakistan was 42.66%, however, findings should be interpreted with caution. Large scale epidemiological surveys using valid and reliable tools are needed to better estimate prevalence of depression among Pakistani university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naeem Khan
- Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Services, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Griffith Health, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Parveen Akhtar
- School of Public Health, Global Health Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Saira Ijaz
- Department of Psychiatry, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Waqas
- Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Human Development Research Foundation (HDRF), Islamabad, Pakistan
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Mahmood Z, Saleem S, Subhan S, Jabeen A. Psychosocial Reactions of Pakistani Students Towards COVID-19: A Prevalence Study. Pak J Med Sci 2021; 37:456-460. [PMID: 33679931 PMCID: PMC7931291 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.37.2.3063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The current study aimed at investigating the manifestation and prevalence of the commonly reported psychosocial reactions in the university students following the onset of COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This cross-sectional survey was carried out during April to May, 2020 in the city of Lahore. Based on the interviews and presenting problems of thirty-nine self-referred students to student counselling service center, a list of twenty-seven self-report measure was presented through an online cross-sectional survey of 510 students enrolled in a private institute. The age range of the participants was between 17-26 years (M, 21.86; SD, 2.94). Results: The results showed that the most frequently reported reactions by university students during COVID-19 is restricted daily routine (92%), preoccupation with cleanliness (86%), feeling uncertain about future (85%), feeling bored (84%) and low mood (84%). The least frequently reported reaction was financial crisis (48%). The findings further showed that 18% of the participants had mild, 34% had moderate, 29% severe and 19% very severe level of problems. Conclusions: The finding revealed that university students have significantly affected by this pandemic which need attention from mental health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Mahmood
- Zahid Mahmood, PhD. Department of Clinical Psychology, under School of Professional Psychology, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Saleem
- Sadia Saleem, PhD. Department of Clinical Psychology, under School of Professional Psychology, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sara Subhan
- Sara Subhan, PhD. Department of Clinical Psychology, under School of Professional Psychology, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Jabeen
- Ayesha Jabeen, Department of Clinical Psychology, under School of Professional Psychology, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
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Madoro D, Mengistu N, Molla W. Association of Conflict-Affected Environment on Ethiopian Students' Mental Health and Its Correlates During COVID-19 Era. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2021; 17:3283-3292. [PMID: 34785898 PMCID: PMC8579870 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s338073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethiopia has seen the largest number of conflict-induced displacement. Mental disturbance has been identified as a major public health concern among conflict-affected people, including students. Due to the effect of continuous unfold of the COVID-19 epidemic in the conflicted affected setting, the mental health problem tends to be increased. This creates a double burden for students from conflict affected setting after school re-opening. As a result, the goal of this research was to evaluate the mental health impact and its correlates in students from conflict affected setting, Ethiopia. OBJECTIVE To assess the association of conflict-affected environment on Ethiopian students' mental health and its correlates during COVID-19 era. METHODS From April 1 to 30, 2021, an institutional-based cross-sectional survey was undertaken. A total sample of 795 students were participated through a systematic random sampling technique. The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale was used to assess mental distress (K10). The correlation between outcome and explanatory variables was investigated using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS A total of 795 people were examined, with a 100% response rate. Mental distress was reported about 59.4% with a 95% CI of 57% to 62.9%. Conflicted related sexual abuse (AOR = 4.1, 95% CI 2.37 to 6.94), witnessed shooting (AOR = 3.49, 95% CI 2.7 to 5.89), threat to security and safety (AOR = 2.23, 95% CI 1.29 to 3.87), being female (AOR = 3.01, 95% CI 1.61 to 5.44), and poor academic performance (AOR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.08 to 4.08) were found to be substantially correlated. CONCLUSION Students from conflict-affected areas are at high risk of mental distress. Therefore, the ministry of health, ministry of education of Ethiopia and humanitarian organizations should work collaboratively in providing consistent school-based psychosocial support and appropriate intervention for students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derebe Madoro
- Dilla University, College of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Psychiatry, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Nebiyu Mengistu
- Dilla University, College of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Psychiatry, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Wondwosen Molla
- Dilla University, College of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Midwifery, Dilla, Ethiopia
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Brooke T, Brown M, Orr R, Gough S. Stress and burnout: exploring postgraduate physiotherapy students' experiences and coping strategies. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2020; 20:433. [PMID: 33198724 PMCID: PMC7670805 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-020-02360-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The impact of stress and burnout in students is an emerging topic. When students perceive that they are unable to cope with stressors, there is increased potential for burnout. To maximise students' higher educational institution outcomes, students must be able to effectively cope with stressful demands. Research suggests physiotherapy students, in particular, suffer from a high risk of stress and burnout, however limited research exists on postgraduate, pre-registration, physiotherapy students. The purpose of this study was to determine perceived stress, burnout and associated coping strategies across three timepoints in the first year of a postgraduate, pre-registration physiotherapy program. METHODS A qualitative and quantitative survey design was utilised at one Australian Higher Education Institution. The 51-item self-administered questionnaire consisted of demographics, the Coping Self Efficacy (CSE) Scale and Maslach Burnout Inventory - General Survey for Students (MBI-GS (S)), and open-ended questions. The questionnaire was administered at three timepoints (T) in the program: T1 at the start of semester 1, T2 before the first placement in semester 2 and T3 after 10-weeks of placement. Data were analysed using descriptive, statistical and thematical analysis. SUBJECTS All first year Doctor of Physiotherapy students. RESULTS A response rate of 62% (n = 38) was achieved. There were no differences in stress and burnout scores between sexes, nor differences in stress and burnout over time. Highest median CSE scores were seen at T1, with highest median MBI-GS (S) cynicism scores at T2, exhaustion (EX) at T1 and T2, and professional efficacy at T1 and T2. The greatest mean CSE changes were seen from T1-T2 and T1-3, and PE greatest changes from T2-T3 and T1-T3. No strong correlation was found between stress and burnout. Curriculum coursework was a frequently reported stressor, along with clinical placement and transition periods. Coping strategies utilized by students were both positive and maladaptive. Positive strategies included sporting activities, baking, listening to music, and social connections, whereas maladaptive strategies included alcohol consumption, excessive eating, and gaming. CONCLUSION Student consistently identified periods of stress and burnout, with curriculum coursework in particular being a trigger. Findings acknowledge the need for further investigation on sources of perceived stress, burnout, and coping mechanisms to optimise student welfare and enhance Higher Education Institution outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess Brooke
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, 2 Promethean Way, Robina, Gold Coast, QLD, 4226, Australia
| | - Makaela Brown
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, 2 Promethean Way, Robina, Gold Coast, QLD, 4226, Australia
| | - Robin Orr
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, 2 Promethean Way, Robina, Gold Coast, QLD, 4226, Australia
- Tactical Research Unit, Bond University, 2 Promethean Way, Robina, Gold Coast, QLD, 4226, Australia
| | - Suzanne Gough
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, 2 Promethean Way, Robina, Gold Coast, QLD, 4226, Australia.
- Tactical Research Unit, Bond University, 2 Promethean Way, Robina, Gold Coast, QLD, 4226, Australia.
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Psychological Impairment and Coping Strategies During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Students in Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Analysis. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2020; 16:920-926. [PMID: 33087206 PMCID: PMC7873451 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2020.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
High levels of stress are expected when crises affect people’s lives. Therefore, this Web-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among university students from Pakistan to investigate the psychological impairment and coping strategies during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Google Forms were used to disseminate the online questionnaire to assess anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), and coping strategies (Brief-COPE). A total of 1134 responses (age, 21.7 ± 3.5 y) were included. The frequency of students having moderate-severe anxiety and depression (score ≥ 10) were ≈ 34% and 45%, respectively. The respondents’ aged ≥ 31 y had significantly lower depression score than those ≤ 20 y (P = 0.047). Males had significantly less anxiety (6.62 ± 5.70 vs 7.84 ± 5.60; P = 0.001) and depression (8.73 ± 6.84 vs 9.71 ± 7.06; P = 0.031) scores. Those having family members, friends, or acquaintances infected with disease had significantly higher anxiety scores (8.89 ± 5.74 vs 7.09 ± 5.56; P < 0.001). Regarding coping strategies, the majority of respondents were found to have adopted religious/spiritual coping (6.45 ± 1.68) followed by acceptance (5.58 ± 1.65), self-distraction (4.97 ± 1.61), and active coping (4.81 ± 1.57). In conclusion, COVID-19 caused significant impairment on mental health of the students. The most frequent coping strategies adopted by students were religious/spiritual and acceptance coping. During epidemics, mental health of students should not be neglected.
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Asif S, Mudassar A, Shahzad TZ, Raouf M, Pervaiz T. Frequency of depression, anxiety and stress among university students. Pak J Med Sci 2020; 36:971-976. [PMID: 32704273 PMCID: PMC7372668 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.36.5.1873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The main objective of the present study was to explore the frequency of Depression, anxiety and stress among university students in Sialkot, Pakistan. Method: Survey research method was used to collect data from three universities of Sialkot by using simple random sampling technique from 500 university students. The study was conducted at GC Women University, Sialkot in total duration of five months from February 2019 to June 2019. A demographic sheet and DASS-21 (Depression, Anxiety Stress Scale) were used to measure the level of depression, anxiety and stress. Data was scored according to the standard scoring procedure for each subscale and for further analysis frequency distribution method was applied through statistical package for social sciences (SPSS. 21). Results: The means of Depression, Anxiety and stress are M=15.08, M=18.24 and M=19.02 respectively. The frequency of depression, anxiety and stress among university students was found 75%, 88.4% and 84.4% respectively. The findings of the study showed the prevalence of Depression within the range of normal (25%), mild (16%), moderate (35.8%), severe (14.6%) and extremely severe (8.6%). The prevalence of anxiety was found to be in the range of normal (11.6%), mild (4.4%), moderate (19.4%), severe (17.8%) and extremely severe (46.8%). Stress was normal (15.6%), mild (33.8%), moderate (35.4%), severe (13.2%) and extremely severe (2.8%). Conclusion: It is concluded that symptoms of anxiety and stress are more prevalent with moderate to extremely severe range than depression in the current sample. These findings suggest urgent need of some preventive measures and interventions to improve the mental health of students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Asif
- Ms. Saba Asif, Associate Lecturer, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Azka Mudassar
- Azka Mudassar, Department of Psychology, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Talala Zainab Shahzad
- Talala Zainab Shahzad, Department of Psychology, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Mobeen Raouf
- Mobeen Raouf, Department of Psychology, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Tehmina Pervaiz
- Tehmina Pervaiz, Department of Psychology, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
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Hasan AHMN, Islam MAU, Rahman S, Nishi ZM, Hossain MJ, Gorapi MZH, Jamil F, Sufian MA, Nahar Z, Deepa KN, Hamiduzzaman M, Asaduzzaman M, Bhuiyan MA. Level of Stress, Predisposing Factors and Status of Mental Health among Pharmacy Students of a Private University of Dhaka, Bangladesh: A Cross Sectional Study. Health (London) 2019. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2019.112020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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