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Li X, Wu X, Zhou G, Mo D, Lin X, Wang P, Zeng Y, Luo M. Estimated bone mineral density and white matter hyperintensities: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. Bone 2024; 187:117138. [PMID: 38914213 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Greater white matter hyperintensities (WMH) in older adults have been associated with reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and increased fractures and falls. However, it is unclear whether there is a causal relationship between BMD reduction and WMH. In this study, Mendelian randomization (MR) was used to find the causality between WMH and estimated BMD (eBMD). METHODS We performed a two-sample bidirectional MR analysis using statistical data obtained from publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The main method of MR analysis is the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method. To identify and account for the impact of horizontal pleiotropy, we also employed MR-Egger regression, MR pleiotropy residual sum, and outlier (MR-PRESSO). RESULTS MR analysis found a causal relationship between eBMD and WMH (IVW OR = 0.938, 95 % CI: 0.889-0.990, p = 0.020). Our causal estimates are unlikely to be distorted by horizontal pleiotropy according to heterogeneity test (both p > 0.05) and MR-Egger regression (p > 0.05). However, in the reverse MR analysis, there was no evidence that WMH was causally correlated with eBMD (IVW OR = 0.979, 95 % CI: 0.954-1.005, p = 0.109). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that low eBMD increased the risk of WMH; conversely, no evidence that WMH causally affects eBMD was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Li
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoju Wu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Guoqiu Zhou
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Dongcan Mo
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xiaozuo Lin
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Pingkai Wang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Yinan Zeng
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Man Luo
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanning, China; Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, China.
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Ma X, Zhuang H, Xu M, Hou F, Xue C. Association between cathepsins and skin cancers: A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Skin Res Technol 2024; 30:e13905. [PMID: 39138831 PMCID: PMC11322223 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several cathepsins have been identified as being involved in the development of cancer. Nevertheless, the connection between cathepsins and skin cancers remained highly elusive. METHODS A bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed to investigate the causal association between cathepsins and skin malignancies. The genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data for cathepsins, malignant melanoma (MM), and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) were obtained from European research. The primary method employed was inverse variance weighted. In addition, MR-Egger, weighted median, weighted mode, and simple mode were also executed. Sensitivity analysis was performed using Cochran's Q test, MR-Egger, and MR-PRESSO. RESULTS From univariable MR (UVMR), cathepsin H, and S were determined to have a causal relationship with BCC. Additionally, cathepsin H was identified as associated with MM. Multivariable MR (MVMR) showed that after correcting for risk factors of skin carcinoma, cathepsin H was detected to be protective against BCC, whereas cathepsin S has been observed as a risk factor for BCC. No substantial pleiotropy and heterogeneity were identified in the sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSION This study was the first to establish a direct link between cathepsins and skin malignancies. Cathepsin H and S have the potential to serve as new biomarkers for BCC, offering valuable assistance in the prompt identification, treatment, and prevention of the disease. Nevertheless, additional clinical trials are required to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Ma
- Department of Plastic SurgeryChanghai HospitalNaval Military Medical UniversityShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Haocheng Zhuang
- Department of Plastic SurgeryChanghai HospitalNaval Military Medical UniversityShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Mingze Xu
- Department of Plastic SurgeryChanghai HospitalNaval Military Medical UniversityShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Fangzhen Hou
- Department of Plastic SurgeryChanghai HospitalNaval Military Medical UniversityShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Chunyu Xue
- Department of Plastic SurgeryChanghai HospitalNaval Military Medical UniversityShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
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3
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Yan Q, Liao L, He D. Risk factors associated with temporomandibular joint disorder: A mendelian randomization analysis. J Oral Rehabil 2024. [PMID: 39041331 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD), a prevalent orofacial disorder with complex aetiologies and considerable socioeconomic costs. This underscores the critical importance of developing a comprehensive understanding of the risk factors associated with TMD, as existing research is hindered by deficiencies in establishing causal relationships and the limitations of traditional research methodologies. OBJECTIVES This research explores the causal link between certain risk factors and temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) through Mendelian randomization (MR), providing multidimensional perspectives in addressing this worldwide health issue. METHODS Utilizing instrumental variables, we applied advanced statistical methods, including the weighted median, inverse variance weighted (IVW) and MR-Egger, to evaluate the impact of twelve potential risk factors on TMD. RESULTS Our results identified a significant positive association of TMD with malocclusion (p < .001), sleeping disorders (p = .006), anxiety (p = .002), major depression (p = .0002), daily cigarettes consumption (p = .029) and autoimmune diseases (p = .039). Conversely, a negative association was observed with educational attainment (p = .003). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that malocclusion, sleeping disorders, anxiety, major depression, daily cigarettes consumption and autoimmune diseases, could potentially increase TMD risk while educational attainment might mitigate its increase. No direct causal relationships were established between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, menopause, frequent alcohol consumption, coffee intake and severely worn dentition and TMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghan Yan
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lingzi Liao
- Department (Hospital) of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dengqi He
- Department (Hospital) of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Stomatology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Du Y, Wang R, Xu X, Wang J, Shao W, Chen G. Causality between major depressive disorder and functional dyspepsia: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1338153. [PMID: 39105061 PMCID: PMC11298389 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1338153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the causal relationship between major depression and functional dyspepsia using two-sample Mendelian randomization. Methods Data for major depression and functional dyspepsia were obtained from genome-wide association studies. We selected Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) strongly associated with severe depression. Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted using methods such as Inverse-Variance Weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, and Weighted Median Estimator (WME). Sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the robustness of the results. Results A total of 31 eligible SNPs were identified as instrumental variables for major depression. IVW analysis indicated a positive causal relationship between the two conditions (β = 0.328; SE = 0.137; p = 0.017), suggesting that severe depression increases the risk of functional dyspepsia (OR = 1.389; 95% CI: 1.062-1.816). Sensitivity tests showed no evidence of heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy (p > 0.05). Conclusion MR analysis had shown that major depressive disorder is associated with an increased risk of functional dyspepsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaming Du
- Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan City, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Center for General Practice Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinzi Xu
- Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan City, China
| | - Junli Wang
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan City, China
| | - Wei Shao
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan City, China
| | - Guohua Chen
- Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan City, China
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan City, China
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Shen N, Lu S, Kong Z, Gao Y, Hu J, Si S, Wang J, Li J, Han W, Wang R, Lv Z. The causal role between circulating immune cells and diabetic nephropathy: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization with mediating insights. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2024; 16:164. [PMID: 39014501 PMCID: PMC11253417 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-024-01386-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a critical inflammatory condition linked to diabetes, affecting millions worldwide. This study employs Mendelian randomization (MR) to explore the causal relationship between immune cell signatures and DN, analyzing over 731 immune signatures and incorporating data from 1400 metabolites to investigate potential mediators. Despite no statistically significant influence of DN on immunophenotypes after FDR correction, some phenotypes with unadjusted low P-values warranted mention, including CD34 on Hematopoietic Stem Cell (Myeloid cell Panel), CD45 on CD33- HLA DR- (Myeloid cell Panel). Furthermore, three immunophenotypes were identified to have a significant impact on DN risk: CD16-CD56 on HLA DR+ NK (TBNK Panel), CD45 on HLA DR+ T cell (TBNK Panel), and CD33dim HLA DR+ CD11b+ AC (Myeloid cell Panel). Our findings underscore the critical role of immune cells in DN, highlighting potential mediators and offering new insights into its underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Shangwei Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Zhijuan Kong
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Jinxiu Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Shuxuan Si
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Junlin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhimei Lv
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
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Que Z, Lin Y, Chen D, Xiao K, Xu W, Sun N, Yang Q, Rui G. The association between osteoporosis and frailty: a cross-sectional observational study and mendelian randomization analysis. J Orthop Surg Res 2024; 19:398. [PMID: 38982542 PMCID: PMC11232274 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-024-04875-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis and frailty are two common features in the elderly population. Despite many review articles mentioning the association between osteoporosis and frailty, there is a lack of original research directly investigating their relationship. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the correlation between osteoporosis and frailty. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), using logistic regression analysis to assess the association of osteoporosis with the frailty index. In addition, we further explored the causal relationship between them using Mendelian randomization (MR) study. RESULTS In the cross-sectional study, 19,091 non-frailty participants and 5878 frailty participants were included in this study. We observed a significant positive association between osteoporosis and frailty after adjusting for demographic characteristics, body mass index (BMI), smoking, and alcohol use (OR = 1.454, 95% CI [1.142,1.851], P = 0.003). Moreover, the MR study showed a bidirectional causal relationship between osteoporosis and frailty. When osteoporosis was used as an exposure factor, the frailty pooled OR value calculated utilizing the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was 2.81 (95% CI [1.69, 4.68], P = 6.82 × 10- 5). When frailty was used as an exposure factor, the OR value calculated using the IVW method was 1.01 (95% CI [1.00,1.01], P = 3.65 × 10- 7). CONCLUSIONS Osteoporosis was positively correlated with frailty, and the results remained robust after adjusting for covariates. Further, MR studies have shown a bidirectional causal relationship between osteoporosis and frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Que
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yilong Lin
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Dingqiang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Keyi Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Naikun Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Qingmo Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Gang Rui
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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Hirtz R, Grasemann C, Hölling H, von Holt BH, Albers N, Hinney A, Hebebrand J, Peters T. No relationship between male pubertal timing and depression - new insights from epidemiology and Mendelian randomization. Psychol Med 2024; 54:1975-1984. [PMID: 38515277 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291724000060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In males, the relationship between pubertal timing and depression is understudied and less consistent than in females, likely for reasons of unmeasured confounding. To clarify this relationship, a combined epidemiological and genetic approach was chosen to exploit the methodological advantages of both approaches. METHODS Data from 2026 males from a nationwide, representative study were used to investigate the non-/linear relationship between pubertal timing defined by the age at voice break and depression, considering a multitude of potential confounders and their interactions with pubertal timing. This analysis was complemented by Mendelian randomization (MR), which is robust to inferential problems inherent to epidemiological studies. We used 71 single nucleotide polymorphisms related to pubertal timing in males as instrumental variable to clarify its causal relationship with depression based on data from 807 553 individuals (246 363 cases and 561 190 controls) by univariable and multivariable MR, including BMI as pleiotropic phenotype. RESULTS Univariable MR indicated a causal effect of pubertal timing on depression risk (inverse-variance weighted: OR 0.93, 95%-CI [0.87-0.99)], p = 0.03). However, this was not confirmed by multivariable MR (inverse-variance weighted: OR 0.95, 95%-CI [0.88-1.02)], p = 0.13), consistent with the epidemiological approach (OR 1.01, 95%-CI [0.81-1.26], p = 0.93). Instead, the multivariable MR study indicated a causal relationship of BMI with depression by two of three methods. CONCLUSIONS Pubertal timing is not related to MDD risk in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Hirtz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rare Diseases, and CeSER, Ruhr-University Bochum, Alexandrinenstr. 5, 44791 Bochum, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Pediatrics II, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 40211 Essen, Germany
- Helios University Medical Centre Wuppertal - Children's Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Corinna Grasemann
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Pediatrics II, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 40211 Essen, Germany
| | - Heike Hölling
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Björn-Hergen von Holt
- Institut für Medizinische Biometrie und Statistik, Universität zu Lübeck, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nicola Albers
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 174, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anke Hinney
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 174, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes Hebebrand
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 174, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Triinu Peters
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 174, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Deecke L, Ohlei O, Homann J, Stagge J, Dobricic V, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Berger K, Demuth I, Hagelstein V, Bertram L, Lill CM. Variants in the TERT Gene Increase the Occurrence of Solar Lentigines by Modifying Telomerase Expression Exclusively in the Skin. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:1412-1415.e7. [PMID: 38029837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Deecke
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Olena Ohlei
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (LIGA), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jan Homann
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jessica Stagge
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (LIGA), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Valerija Dobricic
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (LIGA), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases (including Division of Lipid Metabolism), Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Berger
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ilja Demuth
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases (including Division of Lipid Metabolism), Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BCRT - Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Lars Bertram
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (LIGA), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christina M Lill
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
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Chen LG, Tubbs JD, Liu Z, Thach TQ, Sham PC. Mendelian randomization: causal inference leveraging genetic data. Psychol Med 2024; 54:1461-1474. [PMID: 38639006 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291724000321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Mendelian randomization (MR) leverages genetic information to examine the causal relationship between phenotypes allowing for the presence of unmeasured confounders. MR has been widely applied to unresolved questions in epidemiology, making use of summary statistics from genome-wide association studies on an increasing number of human traits. However, an understanding of essential concepts is necessary for the appropriate application and interpretation of MR. This review aims to provide a non-technical overview of MR and demonstrate its relevance to psychiatric research. We begin with the origins of MR and the reasons for its recent expansion, followed by an overview of its statistical methodology. We then describe the limitations of MR, and how these are being addressed by recent methodological advances. We showcase the practical use of MR in psychiatry through three illustrative examples - the connection between cannabis use and psychosis, the link between intelligence and schizophrenia, and the search for modifiable risk factors for depression. The review concludes with a discussion of the prospects of MR, focusing on the integration of multi-omics data and its extension to delineating complex causal networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lane G Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Justin D Tubbs
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zipeng Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Thuan-Quoc Thach
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pak C Sham
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for PanorOmic Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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10
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Jia J, Zhou L, Wang N, Zheng Q. Causal relationship between gut microbiota and intracranial hemorrhage: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38275. [PMID: 38788039 PMCID: PMC11124667 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) usually have an imbalance in the gut microbiota (GM); however, whether this is a causal correlation remains unclear. This study used summary data from an open genome-wide association study to conduct double-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to test the causal correlation between GM and ICH. First, we used a cutoff value of P < 10E-5 to select single nucleotide polymorphisms critical for each GM. Inverse variance weighted, weighted median, and MR-PRESSO methods were used to evaluate the strength of this causal association. Finally, functional maps and annotations from genome-wide association studies were used to determine the biological functions of the genes. MR analysis revealed that Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group was significantly positively correlated with ICH risk. For every unit increase in Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, the relative risk of ICH increased by 34.4%(P = 4.62E-04). Rhodospirillales, Terrisporobacter, Veillonellaceae, Coprococcus 3, unknown genus, Alphaproteobacteria, and Allisonella groups were negatively correlated with the risk of ICH, while Anaerofilum, Eubacteriumbrachy group, Clostridia, Howardella, and Romboutsia were negatively correlated with the risk of ICH. Nonetheless, the specific role of single nucleotide polymorphisms gene enrichment requires further investigation. This study suggests the causal effect on ICH. The discovery of >10 GMs associated with ICH could be used to prevent and treat ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiameng Jia
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Ultrasound Medicine Department, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Ultrasound Medicine Department, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- Emergency Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Deng X, Sun S, Yao W, Yue P, Guo F, Wang Y, Zhang Y. The association between three prevalent autoimmune disorders and the likelihood of developing prostate cancer: a Mendelian randomization study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11755. [PMID: 38783043 PMCID: PMC11116512 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62716-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies establish a significant correlation between autoimmune disorders (AIDs) and prostate cancer (PCa). Our Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis investigates the potential connection between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and PCa, aiming to confirm causal links between systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), hyperthyroidism, and PCa. Summary statistics from genome-wide association studies provided data on PCa and three AIDs. MR analysis, using IVW as the main approach, assessed causal relationships, validated by sensitivity analysis. IVW revealed a correlation between genetically anticipated RA and PCa, notably in Europeans (OR = 1.03; 95% CI 1.01-1.04, p = 2*10-5). Evidence supported a lower PCa risk in individuals with SLE (OR = 0.94; 95% CI 0.91-0.97, p = 2*10-4) and hyperthyroidism (OR = 0.02; 95% CI 0.001-0.2, p = 2*10-3). Weighted mode and median confirmed these findings. No pleiotropic effects were observed, and MR heterogeneity tests indicated dataset homogeneity. Our study establishes a causal link between RA, SLE, hyperthyroidism, and PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Deng
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Shiwei Sun
- Department of Urology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Wei Yao
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Peng Yue
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Fuyu Guo
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Yangang Zhang
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China.
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China.
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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12
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Zhou J, Zhu D, Xu Y, Chen C, Wang K. Genetically predicted gut microbiota mediate the association between plasma lipidomics and primary sclerosing cholangitis. BMC Gastroenterol 2024; 24:158. [PMID: 38720308 PMCID: PMC11080140 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-024-03246-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a complex disease with pathogenic mechanisms that remain to be elucidated. Previous observational studies with small sample sizes have reported associations between PSC, dyslipidemia, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. However, the causality of these associations is uncertain, and there has been no systematic analysis to date. METHODS The datasets comprise data on PSC, 179 lipid species, and 412 gut microbiota species. PSC data (n = 14,890) were sourced from the International PSC Study Group, while the dataset pertaining to plasma lipidomics originated from a study involving 7174 Finnish individuals. Data on gut microbiota species were derived from the Dutch Microbiome Project study, which conducted a genome-wide association study involving 7738 participants. Furthermore, we employed a two-step Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to quantify the proportion of the effect of gut microbiota-mediated lipidomics on PSC. RESULTS Following a rigorous screening process, our MR analysis revealed a causal relationship between higher levels of gene-predicted Phosphatidylcholine (O-16:1_18:1) (PC O-16:1_18:1) and an increased risk of developing PSC (inverse variance-weighted method, odds ratio (OR) 1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-1.63). There is insufficient evidence to suggest that gene-predicted PSC impacts the levels of PC O-16:1_18:1 (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.98-1.05). When incorporating gut microbiota data into the analysis, we found that Eubacterium rectale-mediated genetic prediction explains 17.59% of the variance in PC O-16:1_18:1 levels. CONCLUSION Our study revealed a causal association between PC O-16:1_18:1 levels and PSC, with a minor portion of the effect mediated by Eubacterium rectale. This study aims to further explore the pathogenesis of PSC and identify promising therapeutic targets. For patients with PSC who lack effective treatment options, the results are encouraging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, No. 2, Yongning North Road, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Wujin Clinical college of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Dagang Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, No. 2, Yongning North Road, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Department of General Surgery, The Wujin Clinical college of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, 213003, China.
| | - Yixin Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, No. 2, Yongning North Road, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Wujin Clinical college of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, No. 2, Yongning North Road, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Wujin Clinical college of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, No. 2, Yongning North Road, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Wujin Clinical college of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, 213003, China
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13
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Zhang G, Jiang W, He F, Fu J, Xu X, Luo X, Cao Z. LDL-C and TC mediate the risk of PNPLA3 inhibition on cardiovascular diseases. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024:dgae264. [PMID: 38636099 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgae264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PNPLA3 is a promising target for the treatment of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease. ARO-PNPLA3 is a drug that efficiently lowers PNPLA3 expression in hepatocytes at the mRNA level, resulting in a significant reduction in liver fat in Phase I clinical trials. However, the long-term effects and potential side effects of ARO-PNPLA3 are not well understood. METHODS We conducted a two-sample, two-step Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the association between PNPLA3 inhibition and 10 cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), as well as the role of lipid traits as mediators. We identified genetic variants near the PNPLA3 gene, which are linked to liver fat percentage, as instrumental variables for inhibiting PNPLA3. Additionally, positive control analyses on liver diseases were conducted to validate the selection of the genetic instruments. RESULTS Genetically predicted PNPLA3 inhibition significantly increased the risk of coronary atherosclerosis (1.14, 95% CI 1.06, 1.23), coronary heart disease (1.14, 95% CI 1.08, 1.21), and myocardial infarction (1.16, 95% CI 1.08, 1.26). Suggestive associations were observed for increased risk of heart failure (1.09, 95% CI 1.02, 1.17, P = 0.0143) and atrial fibrillation (1.17, 95% CI 1.00, 1.36, P = 0.0468). Blood low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC) mediated approximately 16-25%, 16-30%, and 14-22% of the associations between PNPLA3 inhibition and coronary atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and coronary heart disease, respectively. CONCLUSION This study suggests that PNPLA3 inhibition increases the risk of major CVDs. Moreover, blood LDL-C and TC may mediate a significant proportion of the associations between PNPLA3 inhibition and coronary atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, or myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genshan Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Fangxun He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Jie Fu
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Xiangshang Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Xuelai Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Zhixin Cao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
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14
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Denos M, Sun YQ, Brumpton B, Li Y, Albanes D, Burnett-Hartman A, Campbell PT, Küry S, Li CI, White E, Samadder JN, Jenkins M, Mai XM. Sex hormones and risk of lung and colorectal cancers in women: a Mendelian randomization study. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4083598. [PMID: 38659935 PMCID: PMC11042402 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4083598/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The roles of sex hormones such as estradiol, testosterone, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) in the etiology of lung and colorectal cancers in women, among the most common cancers after breast cancer, are unclear. This Mendelian randomization (MR) study evaluated such potential causal associations in women of European ancestry. We used summary statistics data from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) on sex hormones and from the Trøndelag Health (HUNT) Study and large consortia on cancers. There was suggestive evidence of genetically predicted 1-standard deviation increase in total testosterone levels being associated with a lower risk of lung non-adenocarcinoma (hazard ratio (HR) 0.60, 95% CI 0.37-0.98) in the HUNT Study. However, this was not confirmed by using data from a larger consortium. In general, we did not find convincing evidence to support a causal role of sex hormones on risk of lung and colorectal cancers in women of European ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi-Qian Sun
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology
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15
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Xu Q, Shen H, Zhu Y, Zhang J, Shen Z, Jiang J, Zhou J. Causal effects of genetically predicted testosterone on Alzheimer's disease: a two-sample mendelian randomization study. Acta Neurol Belg 2024; 124:591-601. [PMID: 38007406 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-023-02426-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although several studies have reported that testosterone may protect against Alzheimer's disease, no evidence of a causal relationship has been demonstrated. METHODS A Mendelian randomization (MR) study was performed to determine the causal role of testosterone in Alzheimer's disease. The study utilized public databases obtained from separately published genome-wide associationstudies (GWAS). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for testosterone were extracted from the most recent and largest published GWAS meta-analysis (178,782 participants), and SNPs for Alzheimer's disease were extracted from UK Biobank (954 AD cases and 487,331 controls). The odds ratio (OR) of the inverse variance weighting (IVW) approach was the primary outcome, and the weighted median and MR Egger regression were used for sensitivity analysis. RESULTS Through IVW, we observed a causal association between genetically predicted testosterone and the risk of Alzheimer's disease, with an OR of 0.99 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.998-0.999, p = 0.047). In the sensitivity analyses, the weighted median regression showed directionally similar estimates (OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.998-0.999, p = 0.048). The MR Egger regression showed similar estimates (OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.998-1.00, p = 0.35), but with lower precision. Funnel plots, MR Egger intercepts, and Mendelian randomization pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) analysis indicated the absence of directional pleiotropy effects. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our MR study provides evidence of a causal relationship between testosterone levels and Alzheimer's disease; however, this relationship must be validated in future studies with larger sample sizes. Early testosterone monitoring may enable the prevention of Alzheimer's and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Wujiang District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Suzhou Wujiang District Second People's Hospital), Wujiang District, Suzhou, 215200, China
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Wujiang District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Suzhou Wujiang District Second People's Hospital), Wujiang District, Suzhou, 215200, China
| | - Yifan Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Wujiang District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Suzhou Wujiang District Second People's Hospital), Wujiang District, Suzhou, 215200, China
| | - Junlei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Wujiang District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Suzhou Wujiang District Second People's Hospital), Wujiang District, Suzhou, 215200, China
| | - Zhongmei Shen
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Wujiang District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Suzhou Wujiang District Second People's Hospital), Wujiang District, Suzhou, 215200, China
| | - Jianming Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Wujiang District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Suzhou Wujiang District Second People's Hospital), Wujiang District, Suzhou, 215200, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Wujiang District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Suzhou Wujiang District Second People's Hospital), Wujiang District, Suzhou, 215200, China.
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16
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An T, Zhang W. Mendelian randomization analysis reveals a protective association between genetically predicted systemic lupus erythematosus and renal cell carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37545. [PMID: 38489690 PMCID: PMC10939681 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Observational studies have suggested that there may be a connection between systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and a higher likelihood of developing urological cancers, although the exact cause-effect relationship is still unclear. This study therefore investigated the causal relationship between SLE and urological cancers using the Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Our primary MR analysis involved using the inverse variance weighted method, which employed an inverse-variance-weighted approach, to examine the causal relationship between SLE and urological conditions. In addition, we performed various sensitivity analyses, such as MR-Egger regression, tests for heterogeneity, and leave-one-out sensitivity tests, to assess the reliability of our results. The findings from our analysis using Two-Sample MR showed that genetically predicted SLE was linked to a reduced likelihood of developing renal cell carcinoma (RCC) (odds ratio = 0.9996, 95% confidence interval = 0.9993-0.9999, P value = .0159). These results suggest a possible protective impact of SLE against RCC. Nevertheless, no substantial correlation was detected between SLE and the likelihood of developing bladder cancer or prostate cancer. Collectively, these findings offer significant fresh perspectives on the possible correlation between SLE and genitourinary malignancies, specifically RCC, which will provide ideas and basis for the treatment of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian An
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Wenzhi Zhang
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
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17
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Yang ML, Xu C, Gupte T, Hoffmann TJ, Iribarren C, Zhou X, Ganesh SK. Sex-specific genetic architecture of blood pressure. Nat Med 2024; 30:818-828. [PMID: 38459180 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-02858-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
The genetic and genomic basis of sex differences in blood pressure (BP) traits remain unstudied at scale. Here, we conducted sex-stratified and combined-sex genome-wide association studies of BP traits using the UK Biobank resource, identifying 1,346 previously reported and 29 new BP trait-associated loci. Among associated loci, 412 were female-specific (Pfemale ≤ 5 × 10-8; Pmale > 5 × 10-8) and 142 were male-specific (Pmale ≤ 5 × 10-8; Pfemale > 5 × 10-8); these sex-specific loci were enriched for hormone-related transcription factors, in particular, estrogen receptor 1. Analyses of gene-by-sex interactions and sexually dimorphic effects identified four genomic regions, showing female-specific associations with diastolic BP or pulse pressure, including the chromosome 13q34-COL4A1/COL4A2 locus. Notably, female-specific pulse pressure-associated loci exhibited enriched acetylated histone H3 Lys27 modifications in arterial tissues and a female-specific association with fibromuscular dysplasia, a female-biased vascular disease; colocalization signals included Chr13q34: COL4A1/COL4A2, Chr9p21: CDKN2B-AS1 and Chr4q32.1: MAP9 regions. Sex-specific and sex-biased polygenic associations of BP traits were associated with multiple cardiovascular traits. These findings suggest potentially clinically significant and BP sex-specific pleiotropic effects on cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Lee Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Trisha Gupte
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thomas J Hoffmann
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, and Institute for Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Santhi K Ganesh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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18
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Yamazaki H, Streicher SA, Wu L, Fukuhara S, Wagner R, Heni M, Grossman SR, Lenz HJ, Setiawan VW, Le Marchand L, Huang BZ. Evidence for a causal link between intra-pancreatic fat deposition and pancreatic cancer: A prospective cohort and Mendelian randomization study. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101391. [PMID: 38280379 PMCID: PMC10897551 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Prior observational studies suggest an association between intra-pancreatic fat deposition (IPFD) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC); however, the causal relationship is unclear. To elucidate causality, we conduct a prospective observational study using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-measured IPFD data and also perform a Mendelian randomization study using genetic instruments for IPFD. In the observational study, we use UK Biobank data (N = 29,463, median follow-up: 4.5 years) and find that high IPFD (>10%) is associated with PDAC risk (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 3.35, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.60-7.00). In the Mendelian randomization study, we leverage eight out of nine IPFD-associated genetic variants (p < 5 × 10-8) from a genome-wide association study in the UK Biobank (N = 25,617) and find that genetically determined IPFD is associated with PDAC (odds ratio [OR] per 1-standard deviation [SD] increase in IPFD: 2.46, 95% CI: 1.38-4.40) in the Pancreatic Cancer Cohort Consortium I, II, III (PanScan I-III)/Pancreatic Cancer Case-Control Consortium (PanC4) dataset (8,275 PDAC cases and 6,723 non-cases). This study provides evidence for a potential causal role of IPFD in the pathogenesis of PDAC. Thus, reducing IPFD may lower PDAC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Yamazaki
- Section of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Community Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Center for Innovative Research for Communities and Clinical Excellence (CiRC2LE), Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.
| | - Samantha A Streicher
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Lang Wu
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Shunichi Fukuhara
- Section of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Community Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Center for Innovative Research for Communities and Clinical Excellence (CiRC2LE), Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Róbert Wagner
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Heni
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany; Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Steven R Grossman
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Heinz-Josef Lenz
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Veronica Wendy Setiawan
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Brian Z Huang
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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19
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Chong AY, Brenner N, Jimenez-Kaufmann A, Cortes A, Hill M, Littlejohns TJ, Gilchrist JJ, Fairfax BP, Knight JC, Hodel F, Fellay J, McVean G, Moreno-Estrada A, Waterboer T, Hill AVS, Mentzer AJ. A common NFKB1 variant detected through antibody analysis in UK Biobank predicts risk of infection and allergy. Am J Hum Genet 2024; 111:295-308. [PMID: 38232728 PMCID: PMC10870136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious agents contribute significantly to the global burden of diseases through both acute infection and their chronic sequelae. We leveraged the UK Biobank to identify genetic loci that influence humoral immune response to multiple infections. From 45 genome-wide association studies in 9,611 participants from UK Biobank, we identified NFKB1 as a locus associated with quantitative antibody responses to multiple pathogens, including those from the herpes, retro-, and polyoma-virus families. An insertion-deletion variant thought to affect NFKB1 expression (rs28362491), was mapped as the likely causal variant and could play a key role in regulation of the immune response. Using 121 infection- and inflammation-related traits in 487,297 UK Biobank participants, we show that the deletion allele was associated with an increased risk of infection from diverse pathogens but had a protective effect against allergic disease. We propose that altered expression of NFKB1, as a result of the deletion, modulates hematopoietic pathways and likely impacts cell survival, antibody production, and inflammation. Taken together, we show that disruptions to the tightly regulated immune processes may tip the balance between exacerbated immune responses and allergy, or increased risk of infection and impaired resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Y Chong
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Nicole Brenner
- Division of Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andres Jimenez-Kaufmann
- Advanced Genomics Unit, National Laboratory of Genomics for Biodiversity (LANGEBIO), CINVESTAV, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Adrian Cortes
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael Hill
- MRC-Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - James J Gilchrist
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Julian C Knight
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Flavia Hodel
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jacques Fellay
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland; Precision Medicine Unit, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gil McVean
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andres Moreno-Estrada
- Advanced Genomics Unit, National Laboratory of Genomics for Biodiversity (LANGEBIO), CINVESTAV, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Division of Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adrian V S Hill
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexander J Mentzer
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Noce D, Foco L, Orth-Höller D, König E, Barbieri G, Pietzner M, Ghasemi-Semeskandeh D, Coassin S, Fuchsberger C, Gögele M, Del Greco M F, De Grandi A, Summerer M, Wheeler E, Langenberg C, Lass-Flörl C, Pramstaller PP, Kronenberg F, Würzner R, Pattaro C. Genetic determinants of complement activation in the general population. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113611. [PMID: 38159276 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Complement is a fundamental innate immune response component. Its alterations are associated with severe systemic diseases. To illuminate the complement's genetic underpinnings, we conduct genome-wide association studies of the functional activity of the classical (CP), lectin (LP), and alternative (AP) complement pathways in the Cooperative Health Research in South Tyrol study (n = 4,990). We identify seven loci, encompassing 13 independent, pathway-specific variants located in or near complement genes (CFHR4, C7, C2, MBL2) and non-complement genes (PDE3A, TNXB, ABO), explaining up to 74% of complement pathways' genetic heritability and implicating long-range haplotypes associated with LP at MBL2. Two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses, supported by transcriptome- and proteome-wide colocalization, confirm known causal pathways, establish within-complement feedback loops, and implicate causality of ABO on LP and of CFHR2 and C7 on AP. LP causally influences collectin-11 and KAAG1 levels and the risk of mouth ulcers. These results build a comprehensive resource to investigate the role of complement in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damia Noce
- Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated to the University of Lübeck), Eurac Research, Via Volta 21, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; Institute of Hygiene & Medical Microbiology, Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstr. 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Luisa Foco
- Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated to the University of Lübeck), Eurac Research, Via Volta 21, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Dorothea Orth-Höller
- Institute of Hygiene & Medical Microbiology, Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstr. 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; MB-LAB - Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Franz-Fischer-Str. 7b, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eva König
- Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated to the University of Lübeck), Eurac Research, Via Volta 21, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Giulia Barbieri
- Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated to the University of Lübeck), Eurac Research, Via Volta 21, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Maik Pietzner
- Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dariush Ghasemi-Semeskandeh
- Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated to the University of Lübeck), Eurac Research, Via Volta 21, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan Coassin
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstr. 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Fuchsberger
- Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated to the University of Lübeck), Eurac Research, Via Volta 21, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Martin Gögele
- Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated to the University of Lübeck), Eurac Research, Via Volta 21, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Fabiola Del Greco M
- Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated to the University of Lübeck), Eurac Research, Via Volta 21, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Alessandro De Grandi
- Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated to the University of Lübeck), Eurac Research, Via Volta 21, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Monika Summerer
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstr. 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eleanor Wheeler
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cornelia Lass-Flörl
- Institute of Hygiene & Medical Microbiology, Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstr. 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Peter Paul Pramstaller
- Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated to the University of Lübeck), Eurac Research, Via Volta 21, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstr. 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Reinhard Würzner
- Institute of Hygiene & Medical Microbiology, Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstr. 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Cristian Pattaro
- Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated to the University of Lübeck), Eurac Research, Via Volta 21, 39100 Bolzano, Italy.
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Rivier CA, Renedo DB, de Havenon A, Sunmonu NA, Gill TM, Payabvash S, Sheth KN, Falcone GJ. Association of Poor Oral Health With Neuroimaging Markers of White Matter Injury in Middle-Aged Participants in the UK Biobank. Neurology 2024; 102:e208010. [PMID: 38165331 PMCID: PMC10870735 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000208010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Poor oral health is a modifiable risk factor that is associated with clinically observed cardiovascular disease. However, the relationship between oral and brain health is not well understood. We tested the hypothesis that poor oral health is associated with worse neuroimaging brain health profiles in middle-aged persons without stroke or dementia. METHODS We performed a 2-stage cross-sectional neuroimaging study using UK Biobank data. First, we tested for association between self-reported poor oral health and MRI neuroimaging markers of brain health. Second, we used Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to test for association between genetically determined poor oral health and the same neuroimaging markers. Poor oral health was defined as the presence of dentures or loose teeth. As instruments for the MR analysis, we used 116 independent DNA sequence variants linked to increased composite risk of dentures or teeth that are decayed, missing, or filled. Neuroimaging markers of brain health included white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume and aggregate measures of fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD), 2 metrics indicative of white matter tract disintegrity obtained through diffusion tensor imaging across 48 brain regions. RESULTS We included 40,175 persons (mean age 55 years, female sex 53%) enrolled from 2006 to 2010, who underwent a dedicated research brain MRI between 2014 and 2016. Among participants, 5,470 (14%) had poor oral health. Poor oral health was associated with a 9% increase in WMH volume (β = 0.09, SD = 0.014, p < 0.001), 10% change in aggregate FA score (β = 0.10, SD = 0.013, p < 0.001), and 5% change in aggregate MD score (β = 0.05, SD = 0.013, p < 0.001). Genetically determined poor oral health was associated with a 30% increase in WMH volume (β = 0.30, SD = 0.06, p < 0.001), 43% change in aggregate FA score (β = 0.43, SD = 0.06, p < 0.001), and 10% change in aggregate MD score (β = 0.10, SD = 0.03, p < 0.01). DISCUSSION Among middle age Britons without stroke or dementia, poor oral health was associated with worse neuroimaging brain health profiles. Genetic analyses confirmed these associations, supporting a potentially causal association. Because the neuroimaging markers evaluated in this study precede and are established risk factors of stroke and dementia, our results suggest that oral health, an easily modifiable process, may be a promising target for very early interventions focused on improving brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyprien A Rivier
- From the Departments of Neurology (C.A.R., D.B.R., A.d.H., N.A.S., K.N.S., G.J.F.), Internal Medicine (T.M.G.), and Radiology (S.P.), Yale University School of Medicine; and Yale Center for Brain and Mind Health (C.A.R., A.d.H., S.P., K.N.S., G.J.F.), New Haven, CT
| | - Daniela B Renedo
- From the Departments of Neurology (C.A.R., D.B.R., A.d.H., N.A.S., K.N.S., G.J.F.), Internal Medicine (T.M.G.), and Radiology (S.P.), Yale University School of Medicine; and Yale Center for Brain and Mind Health (C.A.R., A.d.H., S.P., K.N.S., G.J.F.), New Haven, CT
| | - Adam de Havenon
- From the Departments of Neurology (C.A.R., D.B.R., A.d.H., N.A.S., K.N.S., G.J.F.), Internal Medicine (T.M.G.), and Radiology (S.P.), Yale University School of Medicine; and Yale Center for Brain and Mind Health (C.A.R., A.d.H., S.P., K.N.S., G.J.F.), New Haven, CT
| | - N Abimbola Sunmonu
- From the Departments of Neurology (C.A.R., D.B.R., A.d.H., N.A.S., K.N.S., G.J.F.), Internal Medicine (T.M.G.), and Radiology (S.P.), Yale University School of Medicine; and Yale Center for Brain and Mind Health (C.A.R., A.d.H., S.P., K.N.S., G.J.F.), New Haven, CT
| | - Thomas M Gill
- From the Departments of Neurology (C.A.R., D.B.R., A.d.H., N.A.S., K.N.S., G.J.F.), Internal Medicine (T.M.G.), and Radiology (S.P.), Yale University School of Medicine; and Yale Center for Brain and Mind Health (C.A.R., A.d.H., S.P., K.N.S., G.J.F.), New Haven, CT
| | - Seyedmehdi Payabvash
- From the Departments of Neurology (C.A.R., D.B.R., A.d.H., N.A.S., K.N.S., G.J.F.), Internal Medicine (T.M.G.), and Radiology (S.P.), Yale University School of Medicine; and Yale Center for Brain and Mind Health (C.A.R., A.d.H., S.P., K.N.S., G.J.F.), New Haven, CT
| | - Kevin N Sheth
- From the Departments of Neurology (C.A.R., D.B.R., A.d.H., N.A.S., K.N.S., G.J.F.), Internal Medicine (T.M.G.), and Radiology (S.P.), Yale University School of Medicine; and Yale Center for Brain and Mind Health (C.A.R., A.d.H., S.P., K.N.S., G.J.F.), New Haven, CT
| | - Guido J Falcone
- From the Departments of Neurology (C.A.R., D.B.R., A.d.H., N.A.S., K.N.S., G.J.F.), Internal Medicine (T.M.G.), and Radiology (S.P.), Yale University School of Medicine; and Yale Center for Brain and Mind Health (C.A.R., A.d.H., S.P., K.N.S., G.J.F.), New Haven, CT
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Wang W, Tan JS, Wang J, Xu W, Bai L, Jin Y, Gao P, Zhang P, Li Y, Yang Y, Liu J. Genetically predicted waist circumference and risk of atrial fibrillation. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024; 137:82-86. [PMID: 37646132 PMCID: PMC10766313 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Observational studies have revealed an association between waist circumference (WC) and atrial fibrillation (AF). However, it is difficult to infer a causal relationship from observational studies because the observed associations could be confounded by unknown risk factors. Therefore, the causal role of WC in AF is unclear. This study was designed to investigate the causal association between WC and AF using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. METHODS In our two-sample MR analysis, the genetic variation used as an instrumental variable for MR was acquired from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of WC (42 single nucleotide polymorphisms with a genetic significance of P <5 × 10 -8 ). The data of WC (from the Genetic Investigation of ANthropometric Traits consortium, containing 232,101 participants) and the data of AF (from the European Bioinformatics Institute database, containing 55,114 AF cases and 482,295 controls) were used to assess the causal role of WC on AF. Three different approaches (inverse variance weighted [IVW], MR-Egger, and weighted median regression) were used to ensure that our results more reliable. RESULTS All three MR analyses provided evidence of a positive causal association between high WC and AF. High WC was suggested to increase the risk of AF based on the IVW method (odds ratio [OR] = 1.43, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.30-1.58, P = 2.51 × 10 -13 ). The results of MR-Egger and weighted median regression exhibited similar trends (MR-Egger OR = 1.40 [95% CI, 1.08-1.81], P = 1.61 × 10 -2 ; weighted median OR = 1.39 [95% CI, 1.21-1.61], P = 1.62 × 10 -6 ). MR-Egger intercepts and funnel plots showed no directional pleiotropic effects between high WC and AF. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that greater WC is associated with an increased risk of AF. Taking measures to reduce WC may help prevent the occurrence of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Wang
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Bypass, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan 570311, China
| | - Jiang-shan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jingyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Liting Bai
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Bypass, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yu Jin
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Bypass, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Bypass, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Peiyao Zhang
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Bypass, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Bypass, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yanmin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jinping Liu
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Bypass, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
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23
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Grant AJ, Burgess S. A Bayesian approach to Mendelian randomization using summary statistics in the univariable and multivariable settings with correlated pleiotropy. Am J Hum Genet 2024; 111:165-180. [PMID: 38181732 PMCID: PMC10806746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Mendelian randomization uses genetic variants as instrumental variables to make causal inferences on the effect of an exposure on an outcome. Due to the recent abundance of high-powered genome-wide association studies, many putative causal exposures of interest have large numbers of independent genetic variants with which they associate, each representing a potential instrument for use in a Mendelian randomization analysis. Such polygenic analyses increase the power of the study design to detect causal effects; however, they also increase the potential for bias due to instrument invalidity. Recent attention has been given to dealing with bias caused by correlated pleiotropy, which results from violation of the "instrument strength independent of direct effect" assumption. Although methods have been proposed that can account for this bias, a number of restrictive conditions remain in many commonly used techniques. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian framework for Mendelian randomization that provides valid causal inference under very general settings. We propose the methods MR-Horse and MVMR-Horse, which can be performed without access to individual-level data, using only summary statistics of the type commonly published by genome-wide association studies, and can account for both correlated and uncorrelated pleiotropy. In simulation studies, we show that the approach retains type I error rates below nominal levels even in high-pleiotropy scenarios. We demonstrate the proposed approaches in applied examples in both univariable and multivariable settings, some with very weak instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Grant
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Stephen Burgess
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Rong JC, Chen XD, Jin NK, Hong J. Exploring the causal association of rheumatoid arthritis with atrial fibrillation: a Mendelian randomization study. Clin Rheumatol 2024; 43:29-40. [PMID: 37930596 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-023-06804-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been proved that rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients have high incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF). Nevertheless, whether they have causal relevance is uncertain. This study aimed to explore and verify the authenticity of causal relationship between RA and AF using Mendelian randomization (MR). METHODS The genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data from Biobank Japan Project (BBJ) (RA, 4199 cases and 208,254 controls) were regarded as exposure data and the GWAS data from European Bio-informatics Institute database (EBI) (AF, 15,979 cases and 102,776 controls) as outcome data. The causal effect was appraised by the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, MR-Egger regression, and weighted median estimator. MR-robust adjusted profile score (MR-RAPS) method was delivered to examine the robustness of causal relationship and MR Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO) method to control horizontal (directional) pleiotropy. RESULTS The results indicated that RA increased the risk of AF (IVW, the odds ratio (OR) = 1.060; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.028 to 1.092; p = 1.411 × 10-4; weighted median, OR = 1.046, 95% CI, 1.002 to 1.093, p = 0.047). The MR analysis also showed this causal effect through all four IVW methods with various statistical algorithms. Both MR-RAPS and MR-PRESSO supported the causality of RA and AF. Also, the MR-PRESSO result indicated the absence of apparent pleiotropy. CONCLUSION There is a causal association between RA and AF. RA patients are genetically more vulnerable to AF. This study may contribute to further exploring early clinical prevention and fundamental mechanism of AF in patients with RA. Key Points • We provided some genetic evidence for the causal link between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and atrial fibrillation (AF) with multiple Mendelian randomization (MR) methods. • RA patients were genetically more vulnerable to AF. • This study partly shed light on latent fundamental mechanisms underlying RA-induced AF and inspired future studies on RA-AF relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Cheng Rong
- Cardiovascular Department, Ningbo Hangzhou Bay Hospital, Hangzhou Bay New Area, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xu-Dong Chen
- Cardiovascular Department, Ningbo Hangzhou Bay Hospital, Hangzhou Bay New Area, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Na-Ke Jin
- Cardiovascular Department, Ningbo Hangzhou Bay Hospital, Hangzhou Bay New Area, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Hong
- Cardiovascular Department, Ningbo Hangzhou Bay Hospital, Hangzhou Bay New Area, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
- Cardiovascular Department, Ningbo Hospital of Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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25
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Zou X, Lu RL, Liao B, Liu SJ, Dai SX. Causal relationship between asthma and ulcerative colitis and the mediating role of interleukin-18: a bidirectional Mendelian study and mediation analysis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1293511. [PMID: 38162651 PMCID: PMC10757619 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1293511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Numerous observational investigations have documented a correlation between asthma and ulcerative colitis(UC). In this Mendelian Randomization (MR) study, we utilized extensive summary data from Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) to further estimate the association between adult-onset asthma and the risk of UC, and to investigate the role of Interleukin-18 (IL-18) as a potential mediator. Materials and methods A two-step, two-sample MR study was conducted through mediation analysis. For this study, we employed a two-sample MR analysis using the inverse variance-weighted (IVW), weighted median, weighted mode, and MR-Egger regression techniques. We utilized publicly accessible summary statistics from a GWAS meta-analysis of adult-onset asthma in the UK Biobank (n=327,253; cases=26,582; controls=300,671) as the exposure factor. The outcomes were derived from GWAS data of individuals with European ancestry (n=26,405; cases=6,687; controls=19,718). GWAS data for IL-18 were obtained from individuals of European ancestry (n=9,785,222; cases=3,636; controls=9,781,586). Results The MR analysis indicates that adult-onset asthma is associated with an increased risk of UC, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.019 (95% CI 1.001-1.045, P=0.006). However, there is no strong evidence to suggest that UC significantly impacts the risk of adult-onset asthma. IL-18 may act as a potential mediator in the causal relationship between adult-onset asthma and UC, with a mediation proportion of 3.9% (95% CI, 0.6%-6.9%). Conclusion In summary, our study established a causal relationship between asthma and UC, in which IL-18 contributes to a small extent. However, the primary factors underlying the influence of asthma on UC remain unclear. Future research should focus on identifying other potential mediators. In clinical practice, it is important to pay greater attention to intestinal lesions in patients with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ganzhou Municipal Hospital(Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital Ganzhou Hospital), Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Rui-Ling Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ganzhou Municipal Hospital(Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital Ganzhou Hospital), Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People’s Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ganzhou Municipal Hospital(Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital Ganzhou Hospital), Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shi-Jie Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Geriatric Center, National Regional Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital Ganzhou Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shi-Xue Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Geriatric Center, National Regional Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital Ganzhou Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
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26
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Patel A, Ye T, Xue H, Lin Z, Xu S, Woolf B, Mason AM, Burgess S. MendelianRandomization v0.9.0: updates to an R package for performing Mendelian randomization analyses using summarized data. Wellcome Open Res 2023; 8:449. [PMID: 37915953 PMCID: PMC10616660 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.19995.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The MendelianRandomization package is a software package written for the R software environment that implements methods for Mendelian randomization based on summarized data. In this manuscript, we describe functions that have been added or edited in the package since version 0.5.0, when we last described the package and its contents. The main additions to the package since that time are: 1) new robust methods for performing Mendelian randomization, particularly in the cases of bias from weak instruments and/or winner's curse, and pleiotropic variants, 2) methods for performing Mendelian randomization with correlated variants using dimension reduction to summarize large numbers of highly correlated variants into a limited set of principal components, 3) functions for calculating first-stage F statistics, representing instrument strength, in both univariable and multivariable contexts, and with uncorrelated and correlated genetic variants. We also discuss some pragmatic issues relating to the use of correlated variants in Mendelian randomization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Patel
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Ting Ye
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Haoran Xue
- Department of Biostatistics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Zhaotong Lin
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Statistics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Siqi Xu
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Benjamin Woolf
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, CB2 0SR, UK
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, England, UK
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, England, UK
| | - Amy M. Mason
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, UK
- Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, UK
| | - Stephen Burgess
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, CB2 0SR, UK
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, UK
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27
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Patel A, Ye T, Xue H, Lin Z, Xu S, Woolf B, Mason AM, Burgess S. MendelianRandomization v0.9.0: updates to an R package for performing Mendelian randomization analyses using summarized data. Wellcome Open Res 2023; 8:449. [PMID: 37915953 PMCID: PMC10616660 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.19995.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The MendelianRandomization package is a software package written for the R software environment that implements methods for Mendelian randomization based on summarized data. In this manuscript, we describe functions that have been added or edited in the package since version 0.5.0, when we last described the package and its contents. The main additions to the package since that time are: 1) new robust methods for performing Mendelian randomization, particularly in the cases of bias from weak instruments and/or winner's curse, and pleiotropic variants, 2) methods for performing Mendelian randomization with correlated variants using dimension reduction to summarize large numbers of highly correlated variants into a limited set of principal components, 3) functions for calculating first-stage F statistics, representing instrument strength, in both univariable and multivariable contexts, and with uncorrelated and correlated genetic variants. We also discuss some pragmatic issues relating to the use of correlated variants in Mendelian randomization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Patel
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Ting Ye
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Haoran Xue
- Department of Biostatistics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Zhaotong Lin
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Statistics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Siqi Xu
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Benjamin Woolf
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, CB2 0SR, UK
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, England, UK
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, England, UK
| | - Amy M. Mason
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, UK
- Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, UK
| | - Stephen Burgess
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, CB2 0SR, UK
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, UK
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Feng W, Guo L, Liu Y, Ren M. Unraveling the role of VLDL in the relationship between type 2 diabetes and coronary atherosclerosis: a Mendelian randomization analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1234271. [PMID: 37965087 PMCID: PMC10642525 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1234271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The causal link between Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and coronary atherosclerosis has been established through wet lab experiments; however, its analysis with Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data remains unexplored. This study aims to validate this relationship using Mendelian randomization analysis and explore the potential mediation of VLDL in this mechanism. Methods Employing Mendelian randomization analysis, we investigated the causal connection between T2D and coronary atherosclerosis. We utilized GWAS summary statistics from European ancestry cohorts, comprising 23,363 coronary atherosclerosis patients and 195,429 controls, along with 32,469 T2D patients and 183,185 controls. VLDL levels, linked to SNPs, were considered as a potential mediating causal factor that might contribute to coronary atherosclerosis in the presence of T2D. We employed the inverse variance weighted (IVW), Egger regression (MR-Egger), weighted median, and weighted model methods for causal effect estimation. A leave-one-out sensitivity analysis was conducted to ensure robustness. Results Our Mendelian randomization analysis demonstrated a genetic association between T2D and an increased coronary atherosclerosis risk, with the IVW estimate at 1.13 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07-1.20]. Additionally, we observed a suggestive causal link between T2D and VLDL levels, as evidenced by the IVW estimate of 1.02 (95% CI: 0.98-1.07). Further supporting lipid involvement in coronary atherosclerosis pathogenesis, the IVW-Egger estimate was 1.30 (95% CI: 1.06-1.58). Conclusion In conclusion, this study highlights the autonomous contributions of T2D and VLDL levels to coronary atherosclerosis development. T2D is linked to a 13.35% elevated risk of coronary atherosclerosis, and within T2D patients, VLDL concentration rises by 2.49%. Notably, each standard deviation increase in VLDL raises the likelihood of heart disease by 29.6%. This underscores the significant role of lipid regulation, particularly VLDL, as a mediating pathway in coronary atherosclerosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshuai Feng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Liuli Guo
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiman Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Ren
- Baokang Hospital Affiliated to Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Björnson E, Adiels M, Taskinen MR, Burgess S, Rawshani A, Borén J, Packard CJ. Triglyceride-rich lipoprotein remnants, low-density lipoproteins, and risk of coronary heart disease: a UK Biobank study. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:4186-4195. [PMID: 37358553 PMCID: PMC10576615 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The strength of the relationship of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) with risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) compared with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is yet to be resolved. METHODS AND RESULTS Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with TRL/remnant cholesterol (TRL/remnant-C) and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) were identified in the UK Biobank population. In a multivariable Mendelian randomization analysis, TRL/remnant-C was strongly and independently associated with CHD in a model adjusted for apolipoprotein B (apoB). Likewise, in a multivariable model, TRL/remnant-C and LDL-C also exhibited independent associations with CHD with odds ratios per 1 mmol/L higher cholesterol of 2.59 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.99-3.36] and 1.37 [95% CI: 1.27-1.48], respectively. To examine the per-particle atherogenicity of TRL/remnants and LDL, SNPs were categorized into two clusters with differing effects on TRL/remnant-C and LDL-C. Cluster 1 contained SNPs in genes related to receptor-mediated lipoprotein removal that affected LDL-C more than TRL/remnant-C, whereas cluster 2 contained SNPs in genes related to lipolysis that had a much greater effect on TRL/remnant-C. The CHD odds ratio per standard deviation (Sd) higher apoB for cluster 2 (with the higher TRL/remnant to LDL ratio) was 1.76 (95% CI: 1.58-1.96), which was significantly greater than the CHD odds ratio per Sd higher apoB in cluster 1 [1.33 (95% CI: 1.26-1.40)]. A concordant result was obtained by using polygenic scores for each cluster to relate apoB to CHD risk. CONCLUSION Distinct SNP clusters appear to impact differentially on remnant particles and LDL. Our findings are consistent with TRL/remnants having a substantially greater atherogenicity per particle than LDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Björnson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin Adiels
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 18A, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marja-Riitta Taskinen
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum 1, Haartmanninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stephen Burgess
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge, CB2 0BD, UK
| | - Aidin Rawshani
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Chris J Packard
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, G12 8TA Glasgow, UK
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Guo X, Hou C, Tang P, Li R. Chronic Pain, Analgesics, and Cognitive Status: A Comprehensive Mendelian Randomization Study. Anesth Analg 2023; 137:896-905. [PMID: 37171986 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies have suggested an intricate relationship among chronic pain (CP), use of analgesics, and cognitive status, but it remains unclear whether these associations are of a causal nature. METHODS To investigate the causal relationship among them, summary statistics of 9 types of CP (headache, hip, neck/shoulder, stomach/abdominal, back, knee, facial, general, and multisite CP), analgesics (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs], opioids, salicylic acid and derivatives, and anilides), and cognitive status (cognitive function, Alzheimer's disease [AD], vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia [LBD], and dementia) were included in this Mendelian randomization (MR) study. As both CP and analgesic use were associated with cognitive status and vice versa, we performed a bidirectional MR analysis between CP or analgesics and dementia using strong genetic instruments ( P < .001) identified from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The inverse-variance weighted method was applied to calculate estimates. The MR estimated odds ratio (OR) was interpreted as odds of outcome per unit increase in the exposure. The Benjamini-Hochberg method was applied to adjust the P value for multiple testing, and P < .05 means statistically significant. RESULTS Multisite CP (MCP) was associated with worse cognitive function (OR [95% confidence interval], 0.69 [0.53-0.89], P = .043), but no significant reverse effect of cognitive status on CP was found. There were no significant associations observed between analgesics and cognitive status. Unexpectedly, patients with AD and LBD had significantly lower exposure to anilides (AD: OR = 0.97 [0.94-0.99], P = .034; LBD: OR = 0.97 [0.96-0.99], P = .012) and NSAIDs (AD: OR = 0.96 [0.93-0.98], P = .012; LBD: OR = 0.98 [0.96-0.99], P = .034). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that an elevated number of CP sites predict future cognitive decline. Patients with dementia had lower exposure to anilides and NSAIDs, suggesting that they might not be adequately medicated for pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhi Guo
- From the Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Hou
- From the Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Tang
- From the Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Li
- From the Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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31
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Liu R, Liu Q, Xu S, Mei R. Mood instability and low back pain: a mendelian randomization study. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1252329. [PMID: 37786864 PMCID: PMC10541504 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1252329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Low back pain is a prevalent and debilitating condition worldwide, with significant implications for individuals' quality of life and productivity. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between mood instability and the risk of developing chronic low back pain, using a rigorously designed mendelian randomization methodology. Method The study incorporated both univariate and multivariate mendelian randomization to analysis the causal relationship between mood instability and the risk of developing chronic low back pain. The data on mood instability from the Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) opened Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) project (IEU-opened GWAS project). Data on low back pain were collected from two sources: One source is the IEU open GWAS project (discovery data). Another source is a GWAS meta-analysis (replication data). Inverse variance weighted method, weighted median method, MR-Egger regression, and mendelian randomization pleiotropy residual sum and outlier method were used for mendelian randomization analysis. Result The univariable mendelian randomization analysis shows a statistically significant correlation between mood instability and the risk of low back pain. Several methods were performed, including inverse variance weighting (discovery data: odds ratio = 3.544, 95% confidence interval = 1.785-7.039, p = 0.000; replication data: odds ratio = 3.167, 95% confidence interval = 2.476-4.052, p = 0.000), MR-Egger (discovery data: odds ratio = 7.178, 95% confidence interval = 0.057-909.525, p = 0.429; replication data: odds ratio = 2.262, 95% confidence interval = 0.580-8.825, p = 0.246), weighted median (discovery data: odds ratio = 2.730, 95% confidence interval = 1.112-6.702, p = 0.028; replication data: odds ratio = 3.243, 95% confidence interval = 2.378-4.422, p = 0.000), MR-PRESSO (discovery data: odds ratio = 3.544, 95% confidence interval = 1.785-7.039, p = 0.001; replication data: odds ratio = 3.167, 95% confidence interval = 2.476-4.052, p = 0.000) methods. The results were consistent across these methods. The results obtained from discovery data are consistent with those obtained from discovery data. In the multivariable mendelian randomization, after adjusting for various covariates such as body mass index, current tobacco smoking, alcohol intake frequency, Total body bone mineral density, and vigorous physical activity, there is a consistent correlation between mood instability and chronic low back pain. Conclusion This study provides robust evidence supporting a causal relationship between mood instability and the development of low back pain. Our findings suggest that addressing mood instability may play a crucial role in prevention and management strategies for individuals experiencing low back pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renyang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
- Center for Clinical Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Shaoyong Xu
- Center for Clinical Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Rongcheng Mei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
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32
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Zhou YS, Song JK, Zheng ZJ, Li SY, Liu JG, Peng JX. Heel bone mineral density and various oral diseases: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization. J Bone Miner Metab 2023; 41:673-681. [PMID: 37507596 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-023-01443-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Observational studies demonstrated that the relationship between bone mineral density and oral diseases is mixed. To access the association between heel bone mineral density and various oral diseases, we conducted the Mendelian randomization analysis to explore the association. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two-sample bidirectional Mendelian analysis was used to explore the relationship between heel bone mineral density and various oral diseases. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) was used as the primary effect estimate, and various methods were applied to test the reliability and stability of the results, namely MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode. RESULTS This study showed that there was a negative relationship between heel BMD and periodontitis when heel BMD was used as an exposure factor and periodontitis as an outcome factor (IVW OR = 0.85; 95% CI, 0.75-0.95; p = 0.005). Bidirectional Mendelian randomization showed that there was no statistically significant association between periodontitis and heel bone mineral density when chronic periodontitis was the exposure factor (p > 0.05). And there was no significant relationship between heel bone mineral density and other oral diseases (dental caries, diseases of pulp and periapical tissues, impacted teeth, cleft lip, and cleft palate, oral and oropharyngeal cancer) (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION This study showed that there was a negative relationship between heel bone density and periodontitis, and the decrease in heel bone density could promote the occurrence of periodontitis. In addition, there was no statistically significant relationship between heel bone density and other oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Shi Zhou
- School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Ju-Kun Song
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zheng
- Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Si-Yu Li
- School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jian-Guo Liu
- School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
| | - Ju-Xiang Peng
- School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
- Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
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Cai L, Gonzales T, Wheeler E, Kerrison ND, Day FR, Langenberg C, Perry JRB, Brage S, Wareham NJ. Causal associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and type 2 diabetes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3904. [PMID: 37400433 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38234-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Higher cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes. However, the causality of this relationship and the biological mechanisms that underlie it are unclear. Here, we examine genetic determinants of cardiorespiratory fitness in 450k European-ancestry individuals in UK Biobank, by leveraging the genetic overlap between fitness measured by an exercise test and resting heart rate. We identified 160 fitness-associated loci which we validated in an independent cohort, the Fenland study. Gene-based analyses prioritised candidate genes, such as CACNA1C, SCN10A, MYH11 and MYH6, that are enriched in biological processes related to cardiac muscle development and muscle contractility. In a Mendelian Randomisation framework, we demonstrate that higher genetically predicted fitness is causally associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes independent of adiposity. Integration with proteomic data identified N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide, hepatocyte growth factor-like protein and sex hormone-binding globulin as potential mediators of this relationship. Collectively, our findings provide insights into the biological mechanisms underpinning cardiorespiratory fitness and highlight the importance of improving fitness for diabetes prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Cai
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tomas Gonzales
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eleanor Wheeler
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Felix R Day
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - John R B Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Soren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Denos M, Sun YQ, Jiang L, Brumpton BM, Mai XM. Age at Menarche, age at Natural Menopause, and Risk of Lung and Colorectal Cancers: A Mendelian Randomization Study. J Endocr Soc 2023; 7:bvad077. [PMID: 37404243 PMCID: PMC10315561 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvad077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The roles of age at menarche and age at menopause in the etiology of lung and colorectal cancers are unclear. Objective We aimed to investigate potential causal associations between age at menarche, age at natural menopause, and risk of lung and colorectal cancers using a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Methods From the Trøndelag Health Study in Norway, we defined two cohorts of 35 477 and 17 118 women to study the effects of age at menarche and age at natural menopause, respectively. We ran univariable MR to evaluate the potential causal associations. We performed multivariable MR adjusting for genetic variants of adult body mass index (BMI) to estimate the direct effect of age at menarche. Results Genetically predicted 1-year increase in age at menarche was associated with a lower risk of lung cancer overall (hazard ratio [HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.48-0.86), lung adenocarcinoma (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.38-0.99), and lung non-adenocarcinoma (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.45-0.95). After adjusting for adult BMI using a multivariable MR model, the direct effect estimates reduced to HR 0.72 (95% CI, 0.54-0.95) for lung cancer overall, HR 0.67 (95% CI, 0.43-1.03) for lung adenocarcinoma, and HR 0.77 (95% CI, 0.54-1.09) for lung non-adenocarcinoma. Age at menarche was not associated with colorectal cancer. Moreover, genetically predicted age at natural menopause was not associated with lung and colorectal cancers. Conclusion Our MR study suggested that later age at menarche was causally associated with a decreased risk of lung cancer overall and its subtypes, and adult BMI might be a mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Denos
- Correspondence: Marion Denos, MSc, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Håkon Jarls gate 11,7030 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Yi-Qian Sun
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
- Center for Oral Health Services and Research Mid-Norway (TkMidt), 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ben Michael Brumpton
- Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Xiao-Mei Mai
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
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LaPierre N, Fu B, Turnbull S, Eskin E, Sankararaman S. Leveraging family data to design Mendelian randomization that is provably robust to population stratification. Genome Res 2023; 33:1032-1041. [PMID: 37197991 PMCID: PMC10538495 DOI: 10.1101/gr.277664.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Mendelian randomization (MR) has emerged as a powerful approach to leverage genetic instruments to infer causality between pairs of traits in observational studies. However, the results of such studies are susceptible to biases owing to weak instruments, as well as the confounding effects of population stratification and horizontal pleiotropy. Here, we show that family data can be leveraged to design MR tests that are provably robust to confounding from population stratification, assortative mating, and dynastic effects. We show in simulations that our approach, MR-Twin, is robust to confounding from population stratification and is not affected by weak instrument bias, whereas standard MR methods yield inflated false positive rates. We then conduct an exploratory analysis of MR-Twin and other MR methods applied to 121 trait pairs in the UK Biobank data set. Our results suggest that confounding from population stratification can lead to false positives for existing MR methods, whereas MR-Twin is immune to this type of confounding, and that MR-Twin can help assess whether traditional approaches may be inflated owing to confounding from population stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan LaPierre
- Department of Computer Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA;
| | - Boyang Fu
- Department of Computer Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Steven Turnbull
- Department of Statistics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Eleazar Eskin
- Department of Computer Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Sriram Sankararaman
- Department of Computer Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA;
- Department of Computational Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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Siedlinski M, Carnevale L, Xu X, Carnevale D, Evangelou E, Caulfield MJ, Maffia P, Wardlaw J, Samani NJ, Tomaszewski M, Lembo G, Holmes MV, Guzik TJ. Genetic analyses identify brain structures related to cognitive impairment associated with elevated blood pressure. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:2114-2125. [PMID: 36972688 PMCID: PMC10281555 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Observational studies have linked elevated blood pressure (BP) to impaired cognitive function. However, the functional and structural changes in the brain that mediate the relationship between BP elevation and cognitive impairment remain unknown. Using observational and genetic data from large consortia, this study aimed to identify brain structures potentially associated with BP values and cognitive function. METHODS AND RESULTS Data on BP were integrated with 3935 brain magnetic resonance imaging-derived phenotypes (IDPs) and cognitive function defined by fluid intelligence score. Observational analyses were performed in the UK Biobank and a prospective validation cohort. Mendelian randomisation (MR) analyses used genetic data derived from the UK Biobank, International Consortium for Blood Pressure, and COGENT consortium. Mendelian randomisation analysis identified a potentially adverse causal effect of higher systolic BP on cognitive function [-0.044 standard deviation (SD); 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.066, -0.021] with the MR estimate strengthening (-0.087 SD; 95% CI -0.132, -0.042), when further adjusted for diastolic BP. Mendelian randomisation analysis found 242, 168, and 68 IDPs showing significant (false discovery rate P < 0.05) association with systolic BP, diastolic BP, and pulse pressure, respectively. Most of these IDPs were inversely associated with cognitive function in observational analysis in the UK Biobank and showed concordant effects in the validation cohort. Mendelian randomisation analysis identified relationships between cognitive function and the nine of the systolic BP-associated IDPs, including the anterior thalamic radiation, anterior corona radiata, or external capsule. CONCLUSION Complementary MR and observational analyses identify brain structures associated with BP, which may be responsible for the adverse effects of hypertension on cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Siedlinski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Skarbowa 1, 31-121 Krakow, Poland
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
- Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Kopernika 7c, 31-034 Kraków, Poland
| | - Lorenzo Carnevale
- Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine, I.R.C.C.S. INM Neuromed, Via Atinense, 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Xiaoguang Xu
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Daniela Carnevale
- Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine, I.R.C.C.S. INM Neuromed, Via Atinense, 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 291 - 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Evangelos Evangelou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, University Campus, University of Ioannina, P.O. Box: 1186, 451 10, Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Biomedical Research, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, University Campus GR -451 15, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Mark J Caulfield
- William Harvey Research Institute, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Barts, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Pasquale Maffia
- School of Infection & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Joanna Wardlaw
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Maciej Tomaszewski
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
- Division of Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Giuseppe Lembo
- Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine, I.R.C.C.S. INM Neuromed, Via Atinense, 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 291 - 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Michael V Holmes
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Queens Road, Bristol BS8 1QU, UK
- Medical Research Council, Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Queens Road, Bristol BS8 1QU, UK
| | - Tomasz J Guzik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Skarbowa 1, 31-121 Krakow, Poland
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
- Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Kopernika 7c, 31-034 Kraków, Poland
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Ge A, Sun Y, Kiker T, Zhou Y, Ye K. A metabolome-wide Mendelian randomization study prioritizes potential causal circulating metabolites for multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2023; 379:578105. [PMID: 37207441 PMCID: PMC10237183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
To prioritize circulating metabolites that likely play causal roles in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis was performed to estimate the causal effects of 571 circulating metabolites on the risk of MS. Genetic instruments for circulating metabolites were obtained from three previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of the blood metabolome (N = 7824; 24,925; and 115,078; respectively), while genetic associations with MS were from a large GWAS by the International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium (14,802 cases and 26,703 control). The primary analysis was performed with the multiplicative random-effect inverse variance-weighted method, while multiple sensitivity analyses were conducted with the weighted median, weighted mode, MR-Egger, and MR-PRESSO. A total of 29 metabolites had suggestive evidence of causal associations with MS. Genetically instrumented levels of serine (OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.25-1.95), lysine (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.01-1.38), acetone (OR = 2.45, 95% CI = 1.02-5.90), and acetoacetate (OR = 2.47, 95% CI = 1.14-5.34) were associated with a higher MS risk. Total cholesterol and phospholipids in large very-low-density lipoprotein were associated with a lower MS risk (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.69-1.00; OR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.68-0.95), but risk-increasing associations (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.04-1.40; OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.00-1.28) were observed for the same two lipids in very large high-density lipoprotein. Our metabolome-wide Mendelian randomization study prioritized a list of circulating metabolites, such as serine, lysine, acetone, acetoacetate, and lipids, that likely have causal associations with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Ge
- Lower Merion High School, Ardmore, PA, USA; Department of Genetics, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Yitang Sun
- Department of Genetics, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Thaddaeus Kiker
- Department of Genetics, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA; Sunny Hills High School, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - Yanjiao Zhou
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Kaixiong Ye
- Department of Genetics, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA; Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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Ding M. A Two-stage Linear Mixed Model (TS-LMM) for Summary-data-based Multivariable Mendelian Randomization. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.04.25.23289099. [PMID: 37162968 PMCID: PMC10168515 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.25.23289099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) methods provide a strategy for applying genome-wide summary statistics to assess simultaneous causal effects of multiple risk factors on a disease outcome. In contrast to univariate MR methods that assumes no horizonal pleiotropy (genetic variants only associate with one risk factor), MVMR allows for genetic variants associate with multiple risk factors and models pleiotropy by including summary statistics with risk factors as multiple variables into the regression model. Here, we propose a two-stage linear mixed model (TS-LMM) for MVMR that accounts for variance of summary statistics not only in outcome, but also in all of the risk factors. In stage I, we apply linear mixed model to treat variance in summary statistics of disease as fixed-/random-effects, while accounting for covariance between genetic variants due to linkage disequilibrium (LD). Particularly, we use an iteratively re-weighted least squares algorithm to obtain estimates for the random-effects. In stage II, we account for variance in summary statistics of multiple risk factors simultaneously by applying measurement error correction methods that take into consideration LD between genetic variants and correlation between summary statistics of risk factors. We compared our MVMR approach to other approaches in a simulation study. When most of the instrumental variables (IVs) were strong, our model generated the highest coverage of true causal associations, the highest power of detecting significant causal associations, and the lowest false positive rate of identifying null causal effect for a range of scenarios that varied correlation (weak, strong) between summary statistics of risk factors and LD among genetic variants (weak LD [γ 2 ≤0.1], moderate LD [0.1< γ 2 ≤0.5]). When the proportion of strong IVs was reduced, our model showed performances comparable to MVMR-Egger and MVMR-IVW. The more accurate inference of our model in the presence of correlation among risk factors supports potential wide application to -omics data that are commonly multi dimensional and correlated, as shown in application to determinants of longevity, where our method nominated a specific significant lipoprotein subfraction for causal association from a panel of 10 lipoprotein cholesterol measures. The robustness of our model to correlation structure suggests that in practice we can allow moderate LD in selection of IVs, thereby potentially leveraging genome-wide summary data in a more effective manner. Our model is implemented in 'TS_LMM' macro in R.
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Yamazaki H, Streicher SA, Wu L, Fukuhara S, Wagner R, Heni M, Grossman SR, Lenz HJ, Setiawan VW, Marchand LL, Huang BZ. Genetic Evidence Causally Linking Pancreas Fat to Pancreatic Cancer: A Mendelian Randomization Study. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.04.20.23288770. [PMID: 37163062 PMCID: PMC10168411 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.20.23288770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Background & Aims Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is highly lethal, and any clues to understanding its elusive etiology could lead to breakthroughs in prevention, early detection, or treatment. Observational studies have shown a relationship between pancreas fat accumulation and PDAC, but the causality of this link is unclear. We therefore investigated whether pancreas fat is causally associated with PDAC using two-sample Mendelian randomization. Methods We leveraged eight genetic variants associated with pancreas fat (P<5×10 -8 ) from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in the UK Biobank (25,617 individuals), and assessed their association with PDAC in the Pancreatic Cancer Cohort Consortium I-III and the Pancreatic Cancer Case-Control Consortium dataset (8,275 PDAC cases and 6,723 non-cases). Causality was assessed using the inverse-variance weighted method. Although none of these genetic variants were associated with body mass index (BMI) at genome-wide significance, we further conducted a sensitivity analysis excluding genetic variants with a nominal BMI association in GWAS summary statistics from the UK Biobank and the Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits consortium dataset (806,834 individuals). Results Genetically determined higher levels of pancreas fat using the eight genetic variants was associated with increased risk of PDAC. For one standard deviation increase in pancreas fat levels (i.e., 7.9% increase in pancreas fat fraction), the odds ratio of PDAC was 2.46 (95%CI:1.38-4.40, P=0.002). Similar results were obtained after excluding genetic variants nominally linked to BMI (odds ratio:3.79, 95%CI:1.66-8.65, P=0.002). Conclusions This study provides genetic evidence for a causal role of pancreas fat in the pathogenesis of PDAC. Thus, reducing pancreas fat could lower the risk of PDAC.
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Rivier CA, Renedo D, de Havenon A, Gill TM, Payabvash S, Sheth KN, Falcone GJ. Poor Oral Health Is Associated with Worse Brain Imaging Profiles. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.03.18.23287435. [PMID: 36993472 PMCID: PMC10055602 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.18.23287435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Importance Poor oral health is a modifiable risk factor that is associated with a variety of health outcomes. However, the relationship between oral and brain health is not well understood. Objective To test the hypothesis that poor oral health is associated with worse neuroimaging brain health profiles in persons without stroke or dementia. Design We conducted a 2-stage cross-sectional neuroimaging study using data from the UK Biobank (UKB). First, we tested for association between self-reported poor oral health and MRI neuroimaging markers of brain health. Second, we used Mendelian Randomization (MR) analyses to test for association between genetically-determined poor oral health and the same neuroimaging markers. Setting Ongoing population study in the United Kingdom. The UKB enrolled participants between 2006 and 2010. Data analysis was performed from September 1, 2022, to January 10, 2023. Participants 40,175 persons aged 40 to 70 enrolled between 2006 to 2010 who underwent a dedicated research brain MRI between 2012 and 2013. Exposures During MRI assessment, poor oral health was defined as the presence of dentures or loose teeth. As instruments for the MR analysis, we used 116 independent DNA sequence variants known to significantly increase the composite risk of decayed, missing, or filled teeth and dentures. Main Outcomes and Measures As neuroimaging markers of brain health, we assessed the volume of white matter hyperintensities (WMH), as well as aggregate measures of fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD), two metrics indicative of white matter tract disintegrity obtained through diffusion tensor imaging. These measurements were evaluated across 48 distinct brain regions, with FA and MD values for each region also considered as individual outcomes for the MR method. Results Among study participants, 5,470 (14%) had poor oral health. We found that poor oral health was associated with a 9% increase in WMH volume (beta = 0.09, standard deviation (SD) = 0.014, p P< 0.001), a 10% change in the aggregate FA score (beta = 0.10, SD = 0.013, P < 0.001), and a 5% change in the aggregate MD score (beta = 0.05, SD = 0.013, P < 0.001). Genetically-determined poor oral health was associated with a 30% increase in WMH volume (beta = 0.30, SD = 0.06, P < 0.001), a 43% change in aggregate FA score (beta = 0.42, SD = 0.06, P < 0.001), and an 10% change in aggregate MD score (beta = 0.10, SD = 0.03, P = 0.01). Conclusions and Relevance Among middle age Britons without stroke or dementia enrolled in a large population study, poor oral health was associated with worse neuroimaging brain health profiles. Genetic analyses confirmed these associations, supporting a potential causal association. Because the neuroimaging markers evaluated in the current study are established risk factors for stroke and dementia, our results suggest that oral health may be a promising target for interventions focused on improving brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyprien A. Rivier
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniela Renedo
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Adam de Havenon
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Brain and Mind Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Thomas M. Gill
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 06510, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Sam Payabvash
- Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Brain and Mind Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kevin N. Sheth
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Brain and Mind Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Guido J. Falcone
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Brain and Mind Health, New Haven, CT, USA
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Tsao HM, Lai TS, Chang YC, Hsiung CN, Chou YH, Wu VC, Lin SL, Chen YM. Serum Urate and Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study Using Taiwan Biobank. Mayo Clin Proc 2023; 98:513-521. [PMID: 36870858 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between serum urate and risk of incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) and to assess whether serum urate plays a causal role in CKD. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study and Mendelian randomization analysis that analyzed longitudinal data from the Taiwan Biobank between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2021. RESULTS A total of 34,831 individuals met the inclusion criteria, of which 4697 (13.5%) had hyperuricemia. After a median (interquartile range) follow-up of 4.1 (3.1-4.9) years, 429 participants developed CKD. After adjustment for age, sex, and comorbid conditions, each mg/dL increase in serum urate was associated with a 15% higher risk of incident CKD (HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.24; P<.001). The genetic risk score and seven Mendelian randomization methods revealed no significant association between serum urate levels and the risk of incident CKD (HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.72 to 1.46; P=0.89; all P>.05 for 7 Mendelian randomization methods). CONCLUSION This prospective, population-based cohort study showed that elevated serum urate is a significant risk factor for incident CKD; however, Mendelian randomization analyses failed to provide evidence that serum urate had a causal effect on CKD in the East Asian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Mei Tsao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Shuan Lai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Cheng Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ni Hsiung
- Data Science Statistical Cooperation Center, Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Chou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Vin-Cent Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shuei-Liong Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ming Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital-Bei-Hu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
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Kjaergaard AD, Krakauer J, Krakauer N, Teumer A, Winkler TW, Ellervik C. Allometric body shape indices, type 2 diabetes and kidney function: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Diabetes Obes Metab 2023. [PMID: 36855799 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM To examine the association between body mass index (BMI)-independent allometric body shape indices and kidney function. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, using summary statistics from UK Biobank, CKDGen and DIAGRAM. BMI-independent allometric body shape indices were: A Body Shape Index (ABSI), Waist-Hip Index (WHI) and Hip Index (HI). Kidney function outcomes were: urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), estimated glomerular filtration rate and blood urea nitrogen. Furthermore, we investigated type 2 diabetes (T2D) as a potential mediator on the pathway to albuminuria. The main analysis was inverse variance-weighted random-effects MR in participants of European ancestry. We also performed several sensitivity MR analyses. RESULTS A 1-standard deviation (SD) increase in genetically predicted ABSI and WHI levels was associated with higher UACR (β = 0.039 [95% confidence interval: 0.016, 0.063] log [UACR], P = 0.001 for ABSI, and β = 0.028 [0.012, 0.044] log [UACR], P = 6 x 10-4 for WHI) in women, but not in men. Meanwhile, a 1-SD increase in genetically predicted HI was associated with lower UACR in women (β = -0.021 [-0.041, 0.000] log [UACR], P = 0.05) and in men (β = -0.026 [-0.058, 0.005] log [UACR], P = 0.10). Corresponding estimates in individuals with diabetes were substantially augmented. Risk of T2D increased for genetically high ABSI and WHI in women (P < 6 x 10-19 ) only, but decreased for genetically high HI in both sexes (P < 9 x 10-3 ). No other associations were observed. CONCLUSIONS Genetically high HI was associated with decreased risk of albuminuria, mediated through decreased T2D risk in both sexes. Opposite associations applied to genetically high ABSI and WHI in women only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa D Kjaergaard
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jesse Krakauer
- Associated Physicians/Endocrinology, Berkley, Michigan, USA
| | - Nir Krakauer
- Department of Civil Engineering, City College of New York and Earth and Environmental Sciences, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas W Winkler
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christina Ellervik
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Data and Development, Sorø, Denmark
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the causal association between genetically predicted obesity and the risk of hip osteoarthritis. METHODS We performed two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to analyze the association between body mass index (BMI) and hip osteoarthritis using pooled-level genome-wide association study (GWAS) data. The inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR‒Egger, and weighted median methods were used to estimate the causal association. In addition, we applied the MR Steiger filtering method, MR robust adjusted profile score (MR.RAPS) methods, and the MR Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO) global test to examine and address potential horizontal pleiotropy. RESULTS We found a causal relationship between genetically predicted BMI and the risk of hip osteoarthritis by the IVW method [OR = 1.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.04-2.00, P = 0.02]. In the sensitivity analysis, the results of the MR‒Egger and weighted median methods revealed similar estimations but with a wide CI with lower precision. The funnel plot, MR-Egger intercept, and MR-PRESSO all indicated the absence of a directional pleiotropic effect. In addition, no heterogeneity was observed in the present analysis. Therefore, the result of IVW is most suitable and reliable for the present MR analysis. CONCLUSION There is a causal relationship between obesity and a higher risk of hip osteoarthritis, suggesting that weight management may be an intervention for the prevention and management of hip osteoarthritis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Bioinformatics, Basic science.
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Burgess S, Mason AM, Grant AJ, Slob EAW, Gkatzionis A, Zuber V, Patel A, Tian H, Liu C, Haynes WG, Hovingh GK, Knudsen LB, Whittaker JC, Gill D. Using genetic association data to guide drug discovery and development: Review of methods and applications. Am J Hum Genet 2023; 110:195-214. [PMID: 36736292 PMCID: PMC9943784 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence on the validity of drug targets from randomized trials is reliable but typically expensive and slow to obtain. In contrast, evidence from conventional observational epidemiological studies is less reliable because of the potential for bias from confounding and reverse causation. Mendelian randomization is a quasi-experimental approach analogous to a randomized trial that exploits naturally occurring randomization in the transmission of genetic variants. In Mendelian randomization, genetic variants that can be regarded as proxies for an intervention on the proposed drug target are leveraged as instrumental variables to investigate potential effects on biomarkers and disease outcomes in large-scale observational datasets. This approach can be implemented rapidly for a range of drug targets to provide evidence on their effects and thus inform on their priority for further investigation. In this review, we present statistical methods and their applications to showcase the diverse opportunities for applying Mendelian randomization in guiding clinical development efforts, thus enabling interventions to target the right mechanism in the right population group at the right time. These methods can inform investigators on the mechanisms underlying drug effects, their related biomarkers, implications for the timing of interventions, and the population subgroups that stand to gain the most benefit. Most methods can be implemented with publicly available data on summarized genetic associations with traits and diseases, meaning that the only major limitations to their usage are the availability of appropriately powered studies for the exposure and outcome and the existence of a suitable genetic proxy for the proposed intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Burgess
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Amy M Mason
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew J Grant
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eric A W Slob
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Verena Zuber
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ashish Patel
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Haodong Tian
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cunhao Liu
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - William G Haynes
- Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford, Novo Nordisk, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - G Kees Hovingh
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Global Chief Medical Office, Novo Nordisk, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lotte Bjerre Knudsen
- Chief Scientific Advisor Office, Research and Early Development, Novo Nordisk, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John C Whittaker
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dipender Gill
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; Chief Scientific Advisor Office, Research and Early Development, Novo Nordisk, Copenhagen, Denmark
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LaPierre N, Fu B, Turnbull S, Eskin E, Sankararaman S. Leveraging family data to design Mendelian Randomization that is provably robust to population stratification. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.05.522936. [PMID: 36711635 PMCID: PMC9881984 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.05.522936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Mendelian Randomization (MR) has emerged as a powerful approach to leverage genetic instruments to infer causality between pairs of traits in observational studies. However, the results of such studies are susceptible to biases due to weak instruments as well as the confounding effects of population stratification and horizontal pleiotropy. Here, we show that family data can be leveraged to design MR tests that are provably robust to confounding from population stratification, assortative mating, and dynastic effects. We demonstrate in simulations that our approach, MR-Twin, is robust to confounding from population stratification and is not affected by weak instrument bias, while standard MR methods yield inflated false positive rates. We applied MR-Twin to 121 trait pairs in the UK Biobank dataset and found that MR-Twin identifies likely causal trait pairs and does not identify trait pairs that are unlikely to be causal. Our results suggest that confounding from population stratification can lead to false positives for existing MR methods, while MR-Twin is immune to this type of confounding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Boyang Fu
- Department of Computer Science, UCLA, Los Angeles CA
| | | | - Eleazar Eskin
- Department of Computer Science, UCLA, Los Angeles CA
- Department of Computational Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles CA
- Department of Human Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles CA
| | - Sriram Sankararaman
- Department of Computer Science, UCLA, Los Angeles CA
- Department of Computational Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles CA
- Department of Human Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles CA
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Wang J, Tan J, Hua L, Sheng Q, Huang X, Liu P. Genetic Predisposition of Both Waist Circumference and Hip Circumference Increased the Risk of Venous Thromboembolism. Thromb Haemost 2023; 123:347-361. [PMID: 36384228 PMCID: PMC9981277 DOI: 10.1055/a-1980-8852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity, especially abdominal obesity, is an independent indicator of increased cardiovascular risk. Observational studies have shown an observational association between obesity and venous thromboembolism (VTE). As a type of VTE, pulmonary embolism (PE) is also associated with obesity. However, it is unclear whether the observed associations are causal or caused by confounding bias or reverse causality. METHODS We performed a two-sample test by obtaining the exposure dataset of waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC) from the Neale Laboratory Consortium's genome-wide association study summary data and the summary-level outcome data of VTE and PE from FinnGen Biobank of European ancestry to determine the causal effect of WC and HC on VTE and PE. RESULTS All three Mendelian randomization methods displayed a positive association between WC/HC and VTE/PE. WC and HC were positively associated with VTE (odds ratio [OR] = 1.803 per 1 standard deviation [SD] increase in WC, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.393-2.333; p < 0.001; OR = 1.479 per 1 SD increase in HC, 95% CI = 1.219-1.796; p < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, we found a causal association between genetically predicted WC/HC and a higher risk of PE (OR = 1.929 per 1 SD increase in WC, 95% CI = 1.339-2.778, p < 0.001; OR = 1.431 per 1 SD increase in HC, 95% CI =1.095-1.869; p = 0.009, respectively). CONCLUSION There is a significant causal relationship between WC/HC and VTE/PE, which is consistent with observational studies. Taking measures to reduce WC/HC of obesity may help reduce the incidence of VTE/PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiangshan Tan
- Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Vascular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Hua
- Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Vascular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiping Sheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xianwei Huang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China,Address for correspondence Ping Liu Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong UniversityNo.247, Beiyuan Road, Jinan, Shandong 250033China
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Huang HJ, Wang SS, Jin MM, Cheng BW, Liu Y, Liu XC, Yu QY, Yang XJ. Genetically predicted selenium concentrations and thyroid function: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2022; 98:813-822. [PMID: 36536522 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The impact of selenium (Se) on human thyroid function remains unclear, with inconsistent results from recent epidemiological studies. Moreover, the observed associations are prone to bias due to potential confounding and reverse causation. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis facilitates the large minimization of biases produced by environmental and lifestyle influences, providing unconfounded estimates of causal effects using instrumental variables. We aim to examine the association between Se concentrations and human thyroid function using a two-sample MR analysis. DESIGN AND METHODS Genetic instruments for Se concentrations, including toenail and blood (TAB) and blood Se concentrations, were identified from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of blood Se (n = 5477) and toenail Se levels (n = 4162). GWAS summary statistics on thyroid phenotypes were downloaded from the ThyroidOmics consortium, including thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (n = 54,288), free thyroxin (FT4) (n = 49,269), hypo (n = 53,423), and hyperthyroidism (n = 51,823). The MR study was conducted using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, supplemented with the weighted median and the mode-based method. RESULTS Genetically determined TAB Se was negatively associated with FT4 (β = -.067; 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.106, -0.028; p = 0.001) using the IVW analyses, as well in the additional analyses using the weighted median and weighted-mode methods. No evidence in heterogeneity, pleiotropy or outlier single-nucleotide polymorphisms was detected (all p > 0.05). Suggestive casual association between increased genetically determined TAB Se concentrations and decreased hypothyroidism risk was found by the IVW method (odds ratio [OR] = 0.847; 95% CI = 0.728, 0.985; p = 0.031). The causal effect of TAB Se on FT4 was observed in women (β = -.076; 95% CI = -0.129, -0.024; p = 0.004). However, the influence of genetically determined higher Se concentrations on TSH levels and hyperthyroidism revealed insignificance in the primary and sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS The present MR study indicated that high Se concentration enable the decreasing of FT4 levels, and the effects of Se concentrations on FT4 remain sex-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jun Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shan-Shan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ming-Min Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bin-Wei Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Chen Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiu-Yan Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin-Jun Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Huang J, Zhang C, Gong Q, Gao Y, Xie X, Jiang J. Genetically predicted phosphate and cardiovascular disease: A Mendelian randomization study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:973338. [PMID: 36277795 PMCID: PMC9579538 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.973338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extensive epidemiological studies have highlighted the correlation between serum phosphate and cardiovascular diseases. The present study aims to determine whether genetically predicted serum phosphate is causally associated with the distinct subtypes of cardiovascular events through the use of Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Methods Independent and strongly correlated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for serum phosphate were extracted from publicly available genome-wide association studies. Summary statistics of cardiovascular diseases were derived from large-scale consortiums, including HERMES and FinnGen biobank. MR-Egger, weighted median, inverse variance weighted, pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) methods and MR using robust adjusted profile score (MR-RAPS) were employed to analyze causality. The sensitivity analyses comprised heterogeneity, horizontal pleiotropy, and leave-one-out approaches; these were used to ensure the stability of the results. Results Our study demonstrated that increased genetically predicted serum phosphate is causally associated with a higher risk of valvular heart disease (VHD) [For VHD including rheumatic fever: odds ratio (OR) = 2.45; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.52-3.94; p = 0.0002; for non-rheumatic VHD: OR = 6.58; 95% CI, 2.50-17.32; p = 0.0001]. However, no causal association was detected between serum phosphate and other common cardiovascular diseases (including coronary heart disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and essential hypertension). Conclusions The results indicate strong causality between serum phosphate and valvular heart disease. Serum phosphate-lowering therapy within the physiological range may represent a novel therapeutic method for valvular heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiaojie Xie
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Wang M, Li X, Mei H, Huang ZH, Liu Y, Zhu YH, Ma TK, Fan QL. Genetically predicted body fat mass and distribution with diabetic kidney disease: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Genet 2022; 13:872962. [PMID: 36246637 PMCID: PMC9557077 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.872962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to apply a Mendelian randomization (MR) design to investigate the potential causal associations between the body mass index (BMI), body fat mass such as trunk fat mass and waist circumference (WC), and diabetic kidney disease (DKD). A two-sample MR study was conducted to obtain exposure and outcome data from previously published studies. The instrumental variables for BMI, trunk fat mass, and WC were selected from genome-wide association study datasets based on summary-level statistics. The random-effects inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was used for the main analyses, and the weighted median and MR-Egger approaches were complementary. In total, three MR methods suggested that genetically predicted BMI, trunk fat mass, and WC were positively associated with DKD. Using IVW, we found evidence of causal relationships between BMI [odds ratio (OR) = 1.99; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.47–2.69; p = 7.89 × 10−6], trunk fat mass (OR = 1.80; 95% CI, 1.28–2.53; p = 6.84 × 10−4), WC (OR = 2.48; 95% CI, 1.40–4.42; p = 1.93 × 10−3), and DKD. MR-Egger and weighted median regression also showed directionally similar estimates. Both funnel plots and MR-Egger intercepts showed no directional pleiotropic effects involving the aforementioned variables and DKD. Our MR analysis supported the causal effect of BMI, trunk fat mass, and WC on DKD. Individuals can substantially reduce DKD risk by reducing body fat mass and modifying their body fat distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Nephrology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Nephrology, Fourth Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Hang Mei
- Department of Nephrology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Huang
- Department of Nephrology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Nephrology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yong-Hong Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Tian-Kui Ma
- Department of Nephrology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qiu-Ling Fan
- Department of Nephrology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- *Correspondence: Qiu-Ling Fan,
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Asensio EM, Ortega-Azorín C, Barragán R, Alvarez-Sala A, Sorlí JV, Pascual EC, Fernández-Carrión R, Villamil LV, Corella D, Coltell O. Association between Microbiome-Related Human Genetic Variants and Fasting Plasma Glucose in a High-Cardiovascular-Risk Mediterranean Population. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:1238. [PMID: 36143914 PMCID: PMC9502852 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58091238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The gut microbiota has been increasingly recognized as a relevant factor associated with metabolic diseases. However, directly measuring the microbiota composition is a limiting factor for several studies. Therefore, using genetic variables as proxies for the microbiota composition is an important issue. Landmark microbiome-host genome-wide association studies (mbGWAS) have identified many SNPs associated with gut microbiota. Our aim was to analyze the association between relevant microbiome-related genetic variants (Mi-RSNPs) and fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes in a Mediterranean population, exploring the interaction with Mediterranean diet adherence. Materials and Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study in a high-cardiovascular-risk Mediterranean population (n = 1020), analyzing the association of Mi-RSNPs (from four published mbGWAS) with fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes. A single-variant approach was used for fitting fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes to a multivariable regression model. In addition, a Mendelian randomization analysis with multiple variants was performed as a sub-study. Results: We obtained several associations between Mi-RSNPs and fasting plasma glucose involving gut Gammaproteobacteria_HB, the order Rhizobiales, the genus Rumminococcus torques group, and the genus Tyzzerella as the top ranked. For type 2 diabetes, we also detected significant associations with Mi-RSNPs related to the order Rhizobiales, the family Desulfovibrionaceae, and the genus Romboutsia. In addition, some Mi-RSNPs and adherence to Mediterranean diet interactions were detected. Lastly, the formal Mendelian randomization analysis suggested combined effects. Conclusions: Although the use of Mi-RSNPs as proxies of the microbiome is still in its infancy, and although this is the first study analyzing such associations with fasting plasma glucose and type 2 diabetes in a Mediterranean population, some interesting associations, as well as modulations, with adherence to the Mediterranean diet were detected in these high-cardiovascular-risk subjects, eliciting new hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M. Asensio
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Ortega-Azorín
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Computer Languages and Systems, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Rocío Barragán
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Alvarez-Sala
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - José V. Sorlí
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva C. Pascual
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rebeca Fernández-Carrión
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura V. Villamil
- Department of Phisiology, School of Medicine, University Antonio Nariño, Bogotá 111511, Colombia
| | - Dolores Corella
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Coltell
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Computer Languages and Systems, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
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