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Balalian AA, Stingone JA, Kahn LG, Herbstman JB, Graeve RI, Stellman SD, Factor-Litvak P. Perinatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and child neurodevelopment: A comprehensive systematic review of outcomes and methodological approaches. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118912. [PMID: 38615789 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), extensively used in various products, prompt ongoing concern despite reduced exposure since the 1970s. This systematic review explores prenatal PCB and hydroxylated metabolites (OH-PCBs) exposure's association with child neurodevelopment. Encompassing cognitive, motor development, behavior, attention, ADHD, and ASD risks, it also evaluates diverse methodological approaches in studies. METHODS PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases were searched through August 23, 2023, by predefined search strings. Peer-reviewed studies published in English were included. The inclusion criteria were: (i) PCBs/OH-PCBs measured directly in maternal and cord blood, placenta or breast milk collected in the perinatal period; (ii) outcomes of cognitive development, motor development, attention, behavior, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) among children≤18 years old. Quality assessment followed the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's tool. RESULTS Overall, 87 studies were included in this review. We found evidence for the association between perinatal PCB exposure and adverse cognitive development and attention issues in middle childhood. There appeared to be no or negligible link between perinatal PCB exposure and early childhood motor development or the risk of ADHD/ASD. There was an indication of a sex-specific association with worse cognition and attention scores among boys. Some individual studies suggested a possible association between prenatal exposure to OH-PCBs and neurodevelopmental outcomes. There was significant heterogeneity between the studies in exposure markers, exposure assessment timing, outcome assessment, and statistical analysis. CONCLUSIONS Significant methodological, clinical and statistical heterogeneity existed in the included studies. Adverse effects on cognitive development and attention were observed in middle childhood. Little or no apparent link on both motor development and risk of ADHD/ASD was observed in early childhood. Inconclusive evidence prevailed regarding other neurodevelopmental aspects due to limited studies. Future research could further explore sex-specific associations and evaluate associations at lower exposure levels post-PCB ban in the US. It should also consider OH-PCB metabolites, co-pollutants, mixtures, and their potential interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arin A Balalian
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Question Driven Design and Analysis Group (QD-DAG), New York, NY, USA.
| | - Jeanette A Stingone
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Linda G Kahn
- Departments of Pediatrics and Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julie B Herbstman
- Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard I Graeve
- Institute for Medical Sociology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle Saale, Germany
| | - Steven D Stellman
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pam Factor-Litvak
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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2
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Bullert A, Li X, Gautam B, Wang H, Adamcakova-Dodd A, Wang K, Thorne PS, Lehmler HJ. Distribution of 2,2',5,5'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB52) Metabolites in Adolescent Rats after Acute Nose-Only Inhalation Exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:6105-6116. [PMID: 38547313 PMCID: PMC11008251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Inhalation of PCB-contaminated air is increasingly recognized as a route for PCB exposure. Because limited information about the disposition of PCBs following inhalation exposure is available, this study investigated the disposition of 2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB52) and its metabolites in rats following acute, nose-only inhalation of PCB52. Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats (50-58 days of age, 210 ± 27 g; n = 6) were exposed for 4 h by inhalation to approximately 14 or 23 μg/kg body weight of PCB52 using a nose-only exposure system. Sham animals (n = 6) were exposed to filtered lab air. Based on gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS), PCB52 was present in adipose, brain, intestinal content, lung, liver, and serum. 2,2',5,5'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl-4-ol (4-OH-PCB52) and one unknown monohydroxylated metabolite were detected in these compartments except for the brain. Liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) analysis identified several metabolites, including sulfated, methoxylated, and dechlorinated PCB52 metabolites. These metabolites were primarily found in the liver (7 metabolites), lung (9 metabolites), and serum (9 metabolites) due to the short exposure time. These results demonstrate for the first time that complex mixtures of sulfated, methoxylated, and dechlorinated PCB52 metabolites are formed in adolescent rats following PCB52 inhalation, laying the groundwork for future animal studies of the adverse effects of inhaled PCB52.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda
J. Bullert
- Department
of Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
- Interdisciplinary
Graduate Program in Neuroscience, The University
of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Xueshu Li
- Department
of Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Binita Gautam
- Department
of Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Hui Wang
- Department
of Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Andrea Adamcakova-Dodd
- Department
of Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Kai Wang
- Department
of Biostatistics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Peter S. Thorne
- Department
of Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
- Interdisciplinary
Graduate Program in Neuroscience, The University
of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Hans-Joachim Lehmler
- Department
of Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
- Interdisciplinary
Graduate Program in Neuroscience, The University
of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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3
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Zhong C, Rando J, Patti MA, Braun JM, Chen A, Xu Y, Lanphear BP, Yolton K, Croen LA, Fallin MD, Hertz-Picciotto I, Newschaffer CJ, Lyall K. Gestational thyroid hormones and autism-related traits in the EARLI and HOME studies. Autism Res 2024; 17:716-727. [PMID: 38436527 DOI: 10.1002/aur.3115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are essential for neurodevelopment. Few studies have considered associations with quantitatively measured autism spectrum disorder (ASD)-related traits, which may help elucidate associations for a broader population. Participants were drawn from two prospective pregnancy cohorts: the Early Autism Risk Longitudinal Investigation (EARLI), enrolling pregnant women who already had a child with ASD, and the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study, following pregnant women from the greater Cincinnati, OH area. Gestational thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) were measured in mid-pregnancy 16 (±3) weeks gestation serum samples. ASD-related traits were measured using the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) at ages 3-8 years. The association was examined using quantile regression, adjusting for maternal and sociodemographic factors. 278 participants (132 from EARLI, 146 from HOME) were included. TSH distributions were similar across cohorts, while FT4 levels were higher in EARLI compared to HOME. In pooled analyses, particularly for those in the highest SRS quantile (95th percentile), higher FT4 levels were associated with increasing SRS scores (β = 5.21, 95% CI = 0.93, 9.48), and higher TSH levels were associated with decreasing SRS scores (β = -6.94, 95% CI = -11.04, -2.83). The association between TSH and SRS remained significant in HOME for the 95% percentile of SRS scores (β = -6.48, 95% CI = -12.16, -0.80), but not EARLI. Results for FT4 were attenuated when examined in the individual cohorts. Our results add to evidence that gestational thyroid hormones may be associated with ASD-related outcomes by suggesting that relationships may differ across the distribution of ASD-related traits and by familial likelihood of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caichen Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Juliette Rando
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marisa A Patti
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joseph M Braun
- School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yingying Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Lisa A Croen
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
| | - M Daniele Fallin
- Emory Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Irva Hertz-Picciotto
- Department of Public Health Sciences, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Craig J Newschaffer
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kristen Lyall
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Rosolen V, Giordani E, Mariuz M, Parpinel M, Mustieles V, Gilles L, Govarts E, Rodriguez Martin L, Baken K, Schoeters G, Sepai O, Sovcikova E, Fabelova L, Kohoutek J, Jensen TK, Covaci A, Roggeman M, Melymuk L, Klánová J, Castano A, Esteban López M, Barbone F. Cognitive Performance and Exposure to Organophosphate Flame Retardants in Children: Evidence from a Cross-Sectional Analysis of Two European Mother-Child Cohorts. TOXICS 2023; 11:878. [PMID: 37999530 PMCID: PMC10675051 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11110878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge of the effects of organophosphate flame retardants on children's neurodevelopment is limited. The purpose of the present research is to evaluate the association between exposure to organophosphate flame retardants and children's neurodevelopment in two European cohorts involved in the Human Biomonitoring Initiative Aligned Studies. The participants were school-aged children belonging to the Odense Child Cohort (Denmark) and the PCB cohort (Slovakia). In each cohort, the children's neurodevelopment was assessed through the Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient score of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, using two different editions. The children's urine samples, collected at one point in time, were analyzed for several metabolites of organophosphate flame retardants. The association between neurodevelopment and each organophosphate flame retardant metabolite was explored by applying separate multiple linear regressions based on the approach of MM-estimation in each cohort. In the Danish cohort, the mean ± standard deviation for the neurodevelopment score was 98 ± 12; the geometric mean (95% confidence interval (95% CI)) of bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP) standardized by creatinine (crt) was 0.52 µg/g crt (95% CI = 0.49; 0.60), while that of diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) standardized by crt was 1.44 µg/g crt (95% CI = 1.31; 1.58). The neurodevelopment score showed a small, negative, statistically imprecise trend with BDCIPP standardized by crt (β = -1.30; 95%CI = -2.72; 0.11; p-value = 0.07) and no clear association with DPHP standardized by crt (β = -0.98; 95%CI = -2.96; 0.99; p-value = 0.33). The neurodevelopment score showed a negative trend with BDCIPP (β = -1.42; 95% CI = -2.70; -0.06; p-value = 0.04) and no clear association with DPHP (β = -1.09; 95% CI = -2.87; 0.68; p-value = 0.23). In the Slovakian cohort, the mean ± standard deviation for the neurodevelopment score was 81 ± 15; the geometric mean of BDCIPP standardized by crt was 0.18 µg/g crt (95% CI = 0.16; 0.20), while that of DPHP standardized by crt was 2.24 µg/g crt (95% CI = 2.00; 3.52). The association of the neurodevelopment score with BDCIPP standardized by crt was -0.49 (95%CI = -1.85; 0.87; p-value = 0.48), and with DPHP standardized by crt it was -0.35 (95%CI = -1.90; 1.20; p-value = 0.66). No clear associations were observed between the neurodevelopment score and BDCIPP/DPHP concentrations that were not standardized by crt. No clear associations were observed with bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCIPP) in either cohort, due to the low detection frequency of this compound. In conclusion, this study provides only limited evidence of an inverse association between neurodevelopment and exposure to BDCIPP and DPHP. The timing of exposure and effect modification of other organophosphate flame retardant metabolites and other substances should be the subject of further investigations that address this scientific hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Rosolen
- Central Directorate for Health, Social Policies and Disability, Friuli Venezia Giulia Region, Via Cassa Di Risparmio 10, 34121 Trieste, Italy
| | - Elisa Giordani
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Via Colugna 50, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Marika Mariuz
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Via Colugna 50, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Maria Parpinel
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Via Colugna 50, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Vicente Mustieles
- Center for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Liese Gilles
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Eva Govarts
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | | | - Kirsten Baken
- BrabantAdvies, Brabantlaan 3, 5216 TV ‘s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Greet Schoeters
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp—Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ovnair Sepai
- Toxicology Department, Science Group, UK Health Security Agency, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - Eva Sovcikova
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Slovak Medical University, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Fabelova
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Slovak Medical University, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jiři Kohoutek
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tina Kold Jensen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maarten Roggeman
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lisa Melymuk
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Klánová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Argelia Castano
- National Centre for Environmental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Marta Esteban López
- National Centre for Environmental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Fabio Barbone
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume, 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
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5
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Akinola LK, Uzairu A, Shallangwa GA, Abechi SE. Development of binary classification models for grouping hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls into active and inactive thyroid hormone receptor agonists. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 34:267-284. [PMID: 37139950 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2023.2207039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Some adverse effects of hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs) in humans are presumed to be initiated via thyroid hormone receptor (TR) binding. Due to the trial-and-error approach adopted for OH-PCB selection in previous studies, experiments designed to test the TR binding hypothesis mostly utilized inactive OH-PCBs, leading to considerable waste of time, effort and other material resources. In this paper, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and binary logistic regression (LR) were used to develop classification models to group OH-PCBs into active and inactive TR agonists using radial distribution function (RDF) descriptors as predictor variables. The classifications made by both LDA and LR models on the training set compounds resulted in an accuracy of 84.3%, sensitivity of 72.2% and specificity of 90.9%. The areas under the ROC curves, constructed with the training set data, were found to be 0.872 and 0.880 for LDA and LR models, respectively. External validation of the models revealed that 76.5% of the test set compounds were correctly classified by both LDA and LR models. These findings suggest that the two models reported in this paper are good and reliable for classifying OH-PCB congeners into active and inactive TR agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K Akinola
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
- Department of Chemistry, Bauchi State University, Gadau, Nigeria
| | - A Uzairu
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - G A Shallangwa
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - S E Abechi
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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6
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Akinola LK, Uzairu A, Shallangwa GA, Abechi SE. Development and Validation of Predictive Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Models for Estrogenic Activities of Hydroxylated Polychlorinated Biphenyls. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:823-834. [PMID: 36692119 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of the endocrine system by hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs) is hypothesized, among other potential mechanisms, to be mediated via nuclear receptor binding. Due to the high cost and lengthy time required to produce high-quality experimental data, empirical data to support the nuclear receptor binding hypothesis are in short supply. In the present study, two quantitative structure-activity relationship models were developed for predicting the estrogenic activities of OH-PCBs. Findings revealed that model I (for the estrogen receptor α dataset) contained five two-dimensional (2D) descriptors belonging to the classes autocorrelation, Burden modified eigenvalues, chi path, and atom type electrotopological state, whereas model II (for the estrogen receptor β dataset) contained three 2D and three 3D descriptors belonging to the classes autocorrelation, atom type electrotopological state, and Radial Distribution Function descriptors. The internal and external validation metrics reported for models I and II indicate that both models are robust, reliable, and suitable for predicting the estrogenic activities of untested OH-PCB congeners. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:823-834. © 2023 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukman K Akinola
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
- Department of Chemistry, Bauchi State University, Gadau, Nigeria
| | - Adamu Uzairu
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | | | - Stephen E Abechi
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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7
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Liu S, Ye X, Zhou X, Chen C, Huang Y, Fang S, Guo P, Ouyang G. In Vivo Profiling and Quantification of Chlorinated Paraffin Homologues in Living Fish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:3053-3061. [PMID: 36790355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate the ability of a dual-purpose periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) probe to track the complex chlorinated paraffin (CP) composition in living animals by assembling it as an adsorbent-assisted atmospheric pressure chemical ionization Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (APCI-FT-ICR-MS) platform and synchronously performing it as the in vivo sampling device. First, synchronous solvent-free ionization and in-source thermal desorption of CP homologues were achieved by the introduction of the PMO adsorbent-assisted APCI module, generating exclusive adduct ions ([M - H]-) of individual CP homologues (CnClm) with enhanced ionization efficiency. Improved detection limits of short- and medium-chain CPs (0.10-24 and 0.48-5.0 pg/μL) were achieved versus those of the chloride-anion attachment APCI-MS methods. Second, the dual-purpose PMO probe was applied to extract the complex CP compositions in living animals, following APCI-FT-ICR-MS analysis. A modified pattern-deconvolution algorithm coupled with the sampling-rate calibration method was used for the quantification of CPs in living fish. In vivo quantification of a tilapia exposed to technical CPs for 7 days was successfully achieved, with ∑SCCPs and ∑MCCPs of the sampled fish calculated to be 1108 ± 289 and 831 ± 266 μg/kg, respectively. Meanwhile, 58 potential CP metabolites were identified in living fish for the first time during in vivo sampling of CPs, a capacity that could provide an important tool for future study regarding its expected risks to humans and its environmental fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Measurement and Emergency Test Technology, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Ambient Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (China National Analytical Center Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Xiaoji Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Measurement and Emergency Test Technology, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Ambient Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (China National Analytical Center Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Xi Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Measurement and Emergency Test Technology, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Ambient Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (China National Analytical Center Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Measurement and Emergency Test Technology, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Ambient Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (China National Analytical Center Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Yiquan Huang
- KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shuting Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Measurement and Emergency Test Technology, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Ambient Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (China National Analytical Center Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Pengran Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Measurement and Emergency Test Technology, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Ambient Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (China National Analytical Center Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Gangfeng Ouyang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Measurement and Emergency Test Technology, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Ambient Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (China National Analytical Center Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510070, China
- KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Chen W, Hou X, Mao X, Jiao S, Wei L, Wang Y, Liu J, Jiang G. Biotic and Abiotic Transformation Pathways of a Short-Chain Chlorinated Paraffin Congener, 1,2,5,6,9,10-C 10H 16Cl 6, in a Rice Seedling Hydroponic Exposure System. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:9486-9496. [PMID: 35622943 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a typical congener of short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) with six chlorine atoms (CP-4, 1,2,5,6,9,10-C10H16Cl6, 250 ng/mL) was selected to elaborate the comprehensive environmental transformation of SCCPs in rice seedling exposure system. CP-4 was quickly absorbed, translocated, and phytovolatilized by seedlings with a small quality of CP-4 (5.81-36.5 ng) being detected in the gas phase. Only 21.4 ± 1.6% of an initial amount (10,000 ng) of CP-4 remained in the exposure system at the end of exposure. Among the transformed CP-4, some were attributed to the degradation of the rhizosphere microorganism (9.1 ± 5.8%), root exudates (2.2 ± 4.2%), and abiotic transformation (3.0 ± 2.8%) that were proved by several transformation products found in the root exudate exposure groups and unplanted controls, and a majority was phytotransformed by rice seedlings. Here, 61 products were determined through complex transformation pathways, including multihydroxylation, -HCl elimination, dechlorination, acetylation, sulfation, glycosylation, and amide acid conjugation. The acetylated and amide acid conjugates of CPs were first observed. Phase I and Phase II phytometabolic reactions of CPs were found intertwining. These findings demonstrate that multiactive transformation reactions contribute to the overlook of CPs accumulated in plants and are helpful for the environmental and health risk assessments of SCCPs in agricultural plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xingwang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaowei Mao
- School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Suning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Linfeng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yaotian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Jiyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310000, China
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9
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Ge C, Geng T, Cheng L, Zhang Y. Gestational exposure to PCB-118 impairs placental angiogenesis and fetal growth. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:49126-49135. [PMID: 35217957 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19240-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Maternal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) results in adverse effects on fetal development. However, the underlying mechanism has not been sufficiently explored in respect to particular PCBs. Placental angiogenesis plays a crucial role in feto-maternal substances transportation and fetal development. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of prenatal PCB118 exposure on placental angiogenesis and fetal growth. The pregnant dam received PCB118 at environmentally relevant doses (0, 20, or 100 μg/kg/day) intragastrically from gestational day (GD) 7.5-18.5 to establish an in vivo model. Compared with the control group, the fetal body and placental weights of the PCB118 (100 μg/kg/day) group were significantly decreased and the intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) rates were increased both in the female and male fetus. Furthermore, we found that placental histology was significantly impaired and the number of blood vessels was decreased in the PCB118 group. Additionally, gestational exposure to PCB118 caused anomalous mRNA expression of the genes in the placenta regarding angiogenesis. These findings indicate that PCB118 may contribute to the occurrence of IUGR by provoking placental angiogenesis dysfunction. This study clarified the adverse effects and potential mechanism of prenatal PCBs exposure on fetal growth, providing a new theoretical and experimental basis for future treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Ge
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Geng
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanzhen Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Rajendran R, Ragavan RP, Al-Sehemi AG, Uddin MS, Aleya L, Mathew B. Current understandings and perspectives of petroleum hydrocarbons in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease: a global concern. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:10928-10949. [PMID: 35000177 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17931-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, the global prevalence of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative illnesses has risen rapidly. Although the aetiology remains unclear, evidence is mounting that exposure to persistent hydrocarbon pollutants is a substantial risk factor, predisposing a person to neurological diseases later in life. Epidemiological studies correlate environmental hydrocarbon exposure to brain disorders including neuropathies, cognitive, motor and sensory impairments; neurodevelopmental disorders like autism spectrum disorder (ASD); and neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Particulate matter, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and endocrine-disrupting chemicals have all been linked to neurodevelopmental problems in all class of people. There is mounting evidence that supports the prevalence of petroleum hydrocarbon becoming neurotoxic and being involved in the pathogenesis of AD and PD. More study is needed to fully comprehend the scope of these problems in the context of unconventional oil and natural gas. This review summarises in vitro, animal and epidemiological research on the genesis of neurodegenerative disorders, highlighting evidence that supports inexorable role of hazardous hydrocarbon exposure in the pathophysiology of AD and PD. In this review, we offer a summary of the existing evidence gathered through a Medline literature search of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the most important epidemiological studies published so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajalakshmi Rajendran
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Roshni Pushpa Ragavan
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullah G Al-Sehemi
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environment, CNRS6249, Universite de Bourgogne Franche-Comte, Besancon, France
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682 041, India.
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11
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Wang MY, Zhang LF, Wu D, Cai YQ, Huang DM, Tian LL, Fang CL, Shi YF. Simulation experiment on OH-PCB being ingested through daily diet: Accumulation, transformation and distribution of hydroxylated-2, 2', 4, 5, 5'-pentachlorobiphenyl (OH-PCB101) in mice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 802:149891. [PMID: 34474296 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Animals exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) may result in retention of hydroxylated PCBs (OH-PCBs). OH-PCBs can be accumulated in animals, including humans, through the transmission of food chain. However, there are few studies on the accumulation and metabolism of OH-PCBs exposed to the body through daily diet. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the fate of OH-PCBs after being ingested through dietary intake. By adding 3-OH-PCB101 and 4-OH-PCB101 to the edible tissue of crucian carp, which were used as raw materials to prepare mouse feed, with an exposure concentration of 2.5 μg/kg ww. The exposure experiment lasted for a total of 80 days. The blood, feces and 11 tissues of mice at different times were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. It was found that major OH-PCB101 were accumulated in intestine or excreted with feces. A small part was accumulated in heart, lung and spleen. For the first time that the conversion from OH-PCB101 to PCB101 in mice was discovered, which shows from another perspective that persistent organic pollutants are difficult to be completely degraded in the environment. 4-MeO-PCB101, 3-MeSO2-PCB101, and 4-MeSO2-PCB101 were also found in various tissues. The results of this study show that after OH-PCBs accumulated in animals re-enter the organism through the food chain, they can be metabolized again and may be reversely transformed into the parent compounds. The present research shed new light on simulating the metabolic transformation process of OH-PCBs exposed to mammals through ingestion of fish. Available data show that second-generation persistent organic pollutants in the environment still need to be continuously concerned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yuan Wang
- Fishery Products Quality Inspection and Test Centre (Shanghai), East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Shanghai 200090, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Long-Fei Zhang
- Fishery Products Quality Inspection and Test Centre (Shanghai), East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Shanghai 200090, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Di Wu
- Fishery Products Quality Inspection and Test Centre (Shanghai), East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Shanghai 200090, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - You-Qiong Cai
- Fishery Products Quality Inspection and Test Centre (Shanghai), East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Dong-Mei Huang
- Fishery Products Quality Inspection and Test Centre (Shanghai), East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Liang-Liang Tian
- Fishery Products Quality Inspection and Test Centre (Shanghai), East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Chang-Ling Fang
- Fishery Products Quality Inspection and Test Centre (Shanghai), East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Yong-Fu Shi
- Fishery Products Quality Inspection and Test Centre (Shanghai), East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Shanghai 200090, China.
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12
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Simeone RM, Howards PP, Anderson E, Jusko TA, Drobná B, Kočan A, Čonka K, Fabišiková A, Murínová ĽP, Canfield RL, Sonneborn D, Wimmerová S, Thevenet-Morrison K, Trnovec T, Hertz-Picciotto I, Šovčíková E. Pre- and postnatal polychlorinated biphenyl exposure and cognitive and behavioral development at age 45 Months in a cohort of Slovak children. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132375. [PMID: 34597632 PMCID: PMC8629853 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Evidence of associations of pre- and postnatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) with cognitive development beyond early childhood is inconsistent. A previous report from this cohort observed adverse associations between early life PCB exposures and infant Bayley scores at age 16 months. The present study examines pre- and postnatal PCB exposures in relation to both behavior and cognitive development at age 45 months. Participants were 472 mother-child pairs residing in an area of eastern Slovakia characterized by environmental contamination with PCBs, which resulted in elevated blood serum concentrations. PCB-153 and PCB-118 concentrations were measured in maternal and in infant 6-, 16-, and 45-month serum samples. At age 45 months, children were administered five subtests of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI-III), and mothers completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Negative binomial and multiple linear regressions were used to estimate PCB-CBCL and PCB-WPPSI-III subtest score associations, respectively. Pre- and postnatal levels of PCB-153 and PCB-118 were not associated with cognitive performance on the WPPSI-III in this cohort. There was some suggestion that higher postnatal PCB concentrations were associated with more sleep problems and feelings of depression and anxiousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina M Simeone
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Penelope P Howards
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Anderson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Todd A Jusko
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Anton Kočan
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Čonka
- Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anna Fabišiková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Dean Sonneborn
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Kelly Thevenet-Morrison
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
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13
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Zhu L, Huo X, Zhou J, Zhang Q, Wang W. Metabolic activation mechanism of 2,2',3,3',6,6'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB136) by cytochrome P450 2B6: A QM/MM approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 776:145579. [PMID: 33652317 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) play an essential role in the bio-transformation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The present work implemented quantum mechanic/molecular mechanic methods (QM/MM) and density functional theory (DFT) to study the metabolic activation of 2,2',3,3',6,6'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB136) catalyzed by CYP2B6. Electrophilic additions at the Cα and Cβ positions generate different active intermediates. The electrophilic addition energy barrier of Cβ is 10.9 kcal/mol higher than that of Cα, and Cα is the preferred site for the electrophilic addition reaction. Based on the previous experimental studies, this work investigated the mechanism of converting active intermediates into OH-PCB136, which has high toxicity in a non-enzymatic environment. Structural analysis via the electrostatic and noncovalent interactions indicates that Phe108, Ile114, Phe115, Phe206, Phe297, Ala298, Leu363, Val367, TIP32475 and TIP32667 play crucial roles in substrate recognition and metabolism. The analysis suggests that the halogen-π interactions are important factors for the metabolism of CYP2B6 to halogenated environmental pollutants. This work improved the understanding of the metabolism and activation process of chiral PCBs, and can be used as a guide to improve the microbial degradation efficiency of PCB136.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ledong Zhu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Xinxi Huo
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China; Office of Supervisory and Audit, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Qingzhu Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
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14
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Zhang D, Saktrakulkla P, Tuttle K, Marek RF, Lehmler HJ, Wang K, Hornbuckle KC, Duffel MW. Detection and Quantification of Polychlorinated Biphenyl Sulfates in Human Serum. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:2473-2481. [PMID: 33502843 PMCID: PMC7924310 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent toxic chemicals with both legacy sources (e.g., Aroclors) and new sources (e.g., unintentional contaminants in some pigments and varnishes). PCB sulfates are derived from further metabolism of hydroxylated PCBs (OH-PCBs), which are oxidative metabolites of PCBs. While OH-PCBs and PCB sulfates are implicated in multiple toxicological effects, studies of PCB sulfates in human serum have been limited by available analytical procedures. We have now developed a method for extraction of PCB sulfates from serum followed by differential analysis with, and without, sulfatase-catalyzed hydrolysis to OH-PCBs. A sulfatase from Helix pomatia was purified by affinity chromatography, and it displayed broad specificity for PCB sulfates without contaminant glucuronidase activity. Following sulfatase-catalyzed hydrolysis of the PCB sulfates extracted from serum, the corresponding OH-PCBs were derivatized to methoxy-PCBs and quantitated by GC-MS/MS. In a pooled sample of human serum, we identified 10 PCB sulfates, with three PCB sulfate congeners exhibiting the highest concentrations from 1200 to 3970 pg/g of serum. In conclusion, we have developed a sensitive and specific method for the determination of PCB sulfates in human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Panithi Saktrakulkla
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Kristopher Tuttle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Rachel F. Marek
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- IIHR-Hydroscience & Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Hans-Joachim Lehmler
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Keri C. Hornbuckle
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- IIHR-Hydroscience & Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Michael W. Duffel
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- Corresponding Author:
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15
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Zhang X, Cheng X, Lei B, Zhang G, Bi Y, Yu Y. A review of the transplacental transfer of persistent halogenated organic pollutants: Transfer characteristics, influential factors, and mechanisms. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 146:106224. [PMID: 33137703 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Persistent halogenated organic pollutants (HOPs) are a class of toxic chemicals, which may have adverse effects on fetuses via transplacental transfer from their mothers. Here, we review reported internal exposure levels of various HOPs (organochlorinated pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins, and per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances) in placenta, and both maternal and umbilical cord sera. We also present analyses of the transplacental transfer and placental distribution characteristics of each class of compounds, and discuss effects of several factors on the transfer and accumulation efficiencies of HOPs, as well as the main mechanisms of HOPs' transfer across the placental barrier. Reported compound-specific transplacental transfer efficiencies and distribution efficiencies, expressed as umbilical cord:maternal serum and placental:maternal serum concentration ratios (RCM and RPM, respectively), are summarized. Average published RCM values of the HOPs range from 0.24 to 3.08 (lipid-adjusted) and from 0.04 to 3.1 (based on wet weights), and are highest for perfluoroalkylcarboxylates (PFCAs) and tetrabromobisphenol A. Average published RPM values range from 0.14 to 1.02 (lipid-adjusted) and from 0.30 to 1.4 (based on wet weights). The broad RCM and RPM ranges may reflect effects of various factors, inter alia physicochemical properties of HOPs, metabolic capacities of mothers and fetuses, placental maturity, and differential expression of influx/efflux transporters in the placenta. Generally, HOPs' RCM values decline linearly with molecular size, and are curvilinearly related to solubility. Plasma protein binding affinity and the difference between maternal and fetal metabolic capacities may also affect some HOPs' transfer efficiencies. HOPs' molecular size may be influential. Transplacental transport of HOPs likely occurs mostly through passive diffusion, although influx/efflux transporters expressed on maternal and/or fetal sides of the placenta may also facilitate or hinder their transport. Overall, the review highlights clear gaps in our understanding of mechanisms involved in HOPs' transplacental transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Xiaomeng Cheng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Bingli Lei
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Guoxia Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Yuhao Bi
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Yingxin Yu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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16
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Mir RH, Sawhney G, Pottoo FH, Mohi-Ud-Din R, Madishetti S, Jachak SM, Ahmed Z, Masoodi MH. Role of environmental pollutants in Alzheimer's disease: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:44724-44742. [PMID: 32715424 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09964-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are commonly erratic influenced by various factors including lifestyle, environmental, and genetic factors. In recent observations, it has been hypothesized that exposure to various environmental factors enhances the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The exact etiology of Alzheimer's disease is still unclear; however, the contribution of environmental factors in the pathology of AD is widely acknowledged. Based on the available literature, the review aims to culminate in the prospective correlation between the various environmental factors and AD. The prolonged exposure to the various well-known environmental factors including heavy metals, air pollutants (particulate matter), pesticides, nanoparticles containing metals, industrial chemicals results in accelerating the progression of AD. Common mechanisms have been documented in the field of environmental contaminants for enhancing amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide along with tau phosphorylation, resulting in the initiation of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, which results in the death of neurons. This review offers a compilation of available data to support the long-suspected correlation between environmental risk factors and AD pathology. Graphical abstract .
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyaz Hassan Mir
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Kashmir, 190006, India.
| | - Gifty Sawhney
- Inflammation Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu-Tawi, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Faheem Hyder Pottoo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O.BOX 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roohi Mohi-Ud-Din
- Pharmacognosy Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Sreedhar Madishetti
- Inflammation Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu-Tawi, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Sanjay M Jachak
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Zabeer Ahmed
- Inflammation Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu-Tawi, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Mubashir Hussain Masoodi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Kashmir, 190006, India.
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17
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Goodman M, Li J, Flanders WD, Mahood D, Anthony LG, Zhang Q, LaKind JS. Epidemiology of PCBs and neurodevelopment: Systematic assessment of multiplicity and completeness of reporting. GLOBAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gloepi.2020.100040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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18
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Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs): Risk Factors for Autism Spectrum Disorder? TOXICS 2020; 8:toxics8030070. [PMID: 32957475 PMCID: PMC7560399 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8030070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) includes a group of multifactorial neurodevelopmental disorders defined clinically by core deficits in social reciprocity and communication, restrictive interests and repetitive behaviors. ASD affects one in 54 children in the United States, one in 89 children in Europe, and one in 277 children in Asia, with an estimated worldwide prevalence of 1-2%. While there is increasing consensus that ASD results from complex gene x environment interactions, the identity of specific environmental risk factors and the mechanisms by which environmental and genetic factors interact to determine individual risk remain critical gaps in our understanding of ASD etiology. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants that have been linked to altered neurodevelopment in humans. Preclinical studies demonstrate that PCBs modulate signaling pathways implicated in ASD and phenocopy the effects of ASD risk genes on critical morphometric determinants of neuronal connectivity, such as dendritic arborization. Here, we review human and experimental evidence identifying PCBs as potential risk factors for ASD and discuss the potential for PCBs to influence not only core symptoms of ASD, but also comorbidities commonly associated with ASD, via effects on the central and peripheral nervous systems, and/or peripheral target tissues, using bladder dysfunction as an example. We also discuss critical data gaps in the literature implicating PCBs as ASD risk factors. Unlike genetic factors, which are currently irreversible, environmental factors are modifiable risks. Therefore, data confirming PCBs as risk factors for ASD may suggest rational approaches for the primary prevention of ASD in genetically susceptible individuals.
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19
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Nomiyama K, Tsujisawa Y, Ashida E, Yachimori S, Eguchi A, Iwata H, Tanabe S. Mother to Fetus Transfer of Hydroxylated Polychlorinated Biphenyl Congeners (OH-PCBs) in the Japanese Macaque ( Macaca fuscata): Extrapolation of Exposure Scenarios to Humans. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:11386-11395. [PMID: 32786554 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c01805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs) exposure may disrupt fetal brain development during the critical period of thyroid hormone (TH) action. However, there are limited studies on the OH-PCB transfer to the fetal brain, particularly in primates. In this study, we selected the Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata) as a model animal for the fetal transfer of OH-PCBs in humans and revealed OH-PCB concentrations and their relationships in maternal and fetal blood, liver, and brain. l-thyroxine (T4)-like OH-PCBs including 4OH-CB187, a major congener in humans, were found in high proportions in the blood, liver, brain, and placenta of pregnant Japanese macaques. OH-PCBs were detected in the fetal brain and liver in the first trimester, indicating their transfer to the brain in the early pregnancy stage. 4OH-CB187 and 4OH-CB202 were the major congeners found in fetal brain, indicating that these T4-like OH-PCBs are transported from maternal blood to the fetal brain via the placenta. These results indicate that further studies are needed on the effects of OH-PCBs on the developing fetal brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Nomiyama
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsujisawa
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
- Shimadzu Techno-Research, INC., 1, Nishinokyo-Shimoaicho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604-8436 Japan
| | - Emiko Ashida
- Shikoku Institute of Natural History, 470-1, Shimobun-otu, Susaki, Kochi 785-0023, Japan
| | - Syuji Yachimori
- The Yokogurayama Natural Forest Museum. Ochi, 737-12 Ochi-hei, Ochi-cho, Kochi 781-1303, Japan
| | - Akifumi Eguchi
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Inage-ku Yayoi-cho 1-33, Chiba 263-0022, Japan
| | - Hisato Iwata
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Tanabe
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
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Schantz SL, Eskenazi B, Buckley JP, Braun JM, Sprowles JN, Bennett DH, Cordero J, Frazier JA, Lewis J, Hertz-Picciotto I, Lyall K, Nozadi SS, Sagiv S, Stroustrup A, Volk HE, Watkins DJ. A framework for assessing the impact of chemical exposures on neurodevelopment in ECHO: Opportunities and challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 188:109709. [PMID: 32526495 PMCID: PMC7483364 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program is a research initiative funded by the National Institutes of Health that capitalizes on existing cohort studies to investigate the impact of early life environmental factors on child health and development from infancy through adolescence. In the initial stage of the program, extant data from 70 existing cohort studies are being uploaded to a database that will be publicly available to researchers. This new database will represent an unprecedented opportunity for researchers to combine data across existing cohorts to address associations between prenatal chemical exposures and child neurodevelopment. Data elements collected by ECHO cohorts were determined via a series of surveys administered by the ECHO Data Analysis Center. The most common chemical classes quantified in multiple cohorts include organophosphate pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, environmental phenols (including bisphenol A), phthalates, and metals. For each of these chemicals, at least four ECHO cohorts also collected behavioral data during infancy/early childhood using the Child Behavior Checklist. For these chemicals and this neurodevelopmental assessment (as an example), existing data from multiple ECHO cohorts could be pooled to address research questions requiring larger sample sizes than previously available. In addition to summarizing the data that will be available, the article also describes some of the challenges inherent in combining existing data across cohorts, as well as the gaps that could be filled by the additional data collection in the ECHO Program going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Schantz
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Jessie P Buckley
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Jenna N Sprowles
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Deborah H Bennett
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Jose Cordero
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Jean A Frazier
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
| | - Johnnye Lewis
- Community Environmental Health Program and Center for Native Environmental Health Equity Research, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | | | - Kristen Lyall
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Sara S Nozadi
- Community Environmental Health Program and Center for Native Environmental Health Equity Research, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - Sharon Sagiv
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - AnneMarie Stroustrup
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Heather E Volk
- Departments of Mental Health and Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Deborah J Watkins
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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21
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Nilsen FM, Ruiz JD, Tulve NS. A Meta-Analysis of Stressors from the Total Environment Associated with Children's General Cognitive Ability. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17155451. [PMID: 32751096 PMCID: PMC7432904 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
General cognitive ability, often referred to as ‘general intelligence’, comprises a variety of correlated abilities. Childhood general cognitive ability is a well-studied area of research and can be used to predict social outcomes and perceived success. Early life stage (e.g., prenatal, postnatal, toddler) exposures to stressors (i.e., chemical and non-chemical stressors from the total (built, natural, social) environment) can impact the development of childhood cognitive ability. Building from our systematic scoping review (Ruiz et al., 2016), we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate more than 100 stressors related to cognitive development. Our meta-analysis identified 23 stressors with a significant increase in their likelihood to influence childhood cognitive ability by 10% or more, and 80 stressors were observed to have a statistically significant effect on cognitive ability. Stressors most impactful to cognition during the prenatal period were related to maternal health and the mother’s ability to access information relevant to a healthy pregnancy (e.g., diet, lifestyle). Stressors most impactful to cognition during the early childhood period were dietary nutrients (infancy), quality of social interaction (toddler), and exposure to toxic substances (throughout early childhood). In conducting this analysis, we examined the relative impact of real-world exposures on cognitive development to attempt to understand the inter-relationships between exposures to both chemical and non-chemical stressors and early developmental life stages. Our findings suggest that the stressors observed to be the most influential to childhood cognitive ability are not permanent and can be broadly categorized as activities/behaviors which can be modified to improve childhood cognition. This meta-analysis supports the idea that there are complex relationships between a child’s total environment and early cognitive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances M. Nilsen
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA; (J.D.C.R.); (N.S.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-919-541-2574
| | - Jazmin D.C. Ruiz
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA; (J.D.C.R.); (N.S.T.)
- Honeywell International, Buffalo, NY 14210, USA
| | - Nicolle S. Tulve
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA; (J.D.C.R.); (N.S.T.)
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22
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Ingle ME, Mínguez-Alarcón L, Carignan CC, Butt CM, Stapleton HM, Williams PL, Ford JB, Hauser R, Meeker JD. The association of urinary phosphorous-containing flame retardant metabolites and self-reported personal care and household product use among couples seeking fertility treatment. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2020; 30:107-116. [PMID: 30728482 PMCID: PMC6914666 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-019-0122-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphorous-containing flame-retardants (PFRs) are widely detected. They are used both as a flame retardant as well as plasticizer. METHODS A subset of 230 women and 229 men were recruited from Massachusetts General Hospital fertility clinic between 2005 and 2015. At each visit, participants completed a questionnaire of personal care product (PCP) and household product (HP) use. Metabolites [bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate, diphenyl phosphate (DPHP), isopropylphenyl phenyl phosphate (ip-PPP), tert-butylphenyl phenyl phosphate and bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate] were measured in urine (1-5 samples; n = 638 women, n = 335 men). Associations were assessed using generalized mixed models, adjusted for SG, age, BMI, smoking, education, and season. RESULTS In women, moisturizer (60%), nail polish remover (77%), and nail polish (134%) use were associated (p < 0.05) with an increase in DPHP concentrations, while ip-PPP concentrations increased 21-27% with conditioner, cosmetics, deodorant, and hair product use. Mouthwash and vinyl glove use were associated with a respective 31% and 92% increase in DPHP among men. CONCLUSIONS Our exploratory analysis suggests PFRs may be used as a plasticizer in consumer products, and nail polish use contributes to internal DPHP exposure. Further research is needed to understand how PFRs are used in these products and how it relates to exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Ingle
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lidia Mínguez-Alarcón
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Courtney C Carignan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Craig M Butt
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Paige L Williams
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer B Ford
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John D Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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23
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Ochiai M, Iida M, Agusa T, Takaguchi K, Fujii S, Nomiyama K, Iwata H. Effects of 4-Hydroxy-2,3,3',4',5-Pentachlorobiphenyl (4-OH-CB107) on Liver Transcriptome in Rats: Implication in the Disruption of Circadian Rhythm and Fatty Acid Metabolism. Toxicol Sci 2019; 165:118-130. [PMID: 29788408 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and their hydroxylated metabolites (OH-PCBs) have been detected in tissues of both wild animals and humans. Several previous studies have suggested adverse effects of OH-PCBs on the endocrine and nervous systems in mammals. However, there have been no studies on transcriptome analysis of the effects of OH-PCBs, and thus, the whole picture and mechanisms underlying the adverse effects induced by OH-PCBs are still poorly understood. We therefore investigated the mRNA expression profile in the liver of adult male Wistar rats treated with 4-hydroxy-2,3,3',4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (4-OH-CB107) to explore the genes responsive to OH-PCBs and to understand the potential effects of the chemical. Next-generation RNA sequencing analysis revealed changes in the expression of genes involved in the circadian rhythm and fatty acid metabolism, such as nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group D, member 1, aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1, cryptochrome circadian clock 1, and enoyl-CoA hydratase and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, in 4-OH-CB107-treated rats. In addition, biochemical analysis of the plasma revealed a dose-dependent increase in the leucine aminopeptidase, indicating the onset of liver damage. These results suggest that OH-PCB exposure may induce liver injury as well as disrupt the circadian rhythm and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-related fatty acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Ochiai
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Midori Iida
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyusyu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-0067, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Agusa
- Graduate School of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan
| | - Kohki Takaguchi
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujii
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyusyu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-0067, Japan
| | - Kei Nomiyama
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Hisato Iwata
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
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24
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Nomiyama K, Eguchi A, Takaguchi K, Yoo J, Mizukawa H, Oshihoi T, Tanabe S, Iwata H. Targeted metabolome analysis of the dog brain exposed to PCBs suggests inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation by hydroxylated PCBs. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 377:114620. [PMID: 31195005 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Canis lupus familiaris (domestic dog) possess a high capacity to metabolize higher-chlorinated polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) to thyroid hormone (TH)-like hydroxylated PCB metabolites (OH-PCBs). As a result, the brain could be at high risk of toxicity caused by OH-PCBs. To evaluate the effect of OH-PCBs on dog brain, we analyzed OH-PCB levels in the brain and the metabolome of the frontal cortex following exposure to a mixture of PCBs (CB18, 28, 70, 77, 99, 101, 118, 138, 153, 180, 187, and 202). 4-OH-CB202 and 4-OH-CB107 were major OH-PCBs in the brain of PCB-exposed dogs. These OH-PCBs were associated with metabolites involved in urea cycle, proline-related compounds, and purine, pyrimidine, glutathione, and amino-acid metabolism in dog brain. Moreover, adenosine triphosphate levels in the PCBs exposure group were significantly lower than in the control group. These results suggest that OH-PCB exposure is associated with a disruption in TH homeostasis, generation of reactive oxygen species, and/or disruption of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in brain cells. Among them, OXPHOS disturbance could be associated with both disruptions in cellular amino-acid metabolism and urea cycle. Therefore, an OXPHOS activity assay was performed to evaluate the disruption of OXPHOS by OH-PCBs. The results indicated that 4-OH-CB107 inhibits the function of Complexes III, IV, and V of the electron transport chain, suggesting that 4-OH-CB107 inhibit these complexes in OXPHOS. The neurotoxic effects of PCB exposure may be mediated through mitochondrial toxicity of OH-PCBs in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Nomiyama
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan.
| | - Akifumi Eguchi
- Chiba University, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Inage-ku Yayoi-cho 1, -33 Chiba-city, Japan
| | - Kohki Takaguchi
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Jean Yoo
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 404-708, Republic of Korea
| | - Hazuki Mizukawa
- Laboratory of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Department of Science and Technology for Biological Resources and Environment, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Tarumi 3-5-7, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Tomoko Oshihoi
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Tanabe
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Hisato Iwata
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
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25
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Berghuis SA, Roze E. Prenatal exposure to PCBs and neurological and sexual/pubertal development from birth to adolescence. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care 2019; 49:133-159. [PMID: 31147261 DOI: 10.1016/j.cppeds.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Several chemical compounds are resistant to degradation and end up in the food chain. One group of these chemicals is polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) which are used as flame retardants and plasticizers. Although PCBs were banned several decades ago, PCBs are still found in environmental media, including in the body of humans. PCBs are transferred from mother to fetus via the placenta during pregnancy. Considering that the prenatal period is a sensitive period during which essential developmental processes take place, exposure to environmental chemicals might have considerable and permanent consequences for outcomes in later life. The aim of this review is to provide an update on the latest insights on the effects of prenatal exposure to PCBs on neurological, sexual and pubertal development in children. We give an overview of recent literature, and discuss it in the light of the findings in a unique Dutch birth cohort, with data on both neurological and pubertal development into adolescence. The findings in the studies included in this review, together with the findings in the Dutch cohort, demonstrate that prenatal exposure to PCBs can interfere with normal child development, not only during the perinatal period, but up to and including adolescence. Higher prenatal exposure to PCBs was found to be both negatively and positively associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes. Regarding pubertal development, higher prenatal PCB exposure was found to be associated with more advanced pubertal development, also in the Dutch cohort, whereas other studies also found delayed pubertal development. These findings raise concern regarding the effects of man-made chemical compounds on child development. They further contribute to the awareness of how environmental chemical compounds can interfere with child development and negatively influence healthy ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sietske Annette Berghuis
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30.001, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Elise Roze
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University of Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Bernstein AS, Oken E, de Ferranti S. Fish, Shellfish, and Children's Health: An Assessment of Benefits, Risks, and Sustainability. Pediatrics 2019; 143:e20190999. [PMID: 31110165 PMCID: PMC6864235 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2019-0999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
American children eat relatively little fish and shellfish in comparison with other sources of animal protein, despite the health benefits that eating fish and shellfish may confer. At the same time, fish and shellfish may be sources of toxicants. This report serves to inform pediatricians about available research that elucidates health risks and benefits associated with fish and shellfish consumption in childhood as well as the sustainability of fish and shellfish harvests.
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Prenatal exposure to organohalogen compounds and children’s mental and motor development at 18 and 30 months of age. Neurotoxicology 2019; 72:6-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Capcarova M, Slamecka J, Jurcik R, Sladecek T, Gren A, Argente MJC, Massanyi P. The occurrence and dynamics of polychlorinated hydrocarbons in roe deer ( Capreolus capreolus) in South-western Slovakia. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2019; 54:603-607. [PMID: 30729857 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2019.1574152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to determined polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides in the depot fat of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) coming from south-western Slovakia. The mutual correlations of the organic pollutants were analyzed. The study included dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), hexachlorobenzen (HCB), alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane and beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (α + β-HCH), gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB-delor). The gas chromatograph with an electron capture detector ECD was used for analysis. The accumulations of organic pollutant in depot fat of roe deer were in following order: DDT > PCB-delor > α + β-HCH > HCB > γ-HCH. Among all pollutants, DDT was accumulated significantly in the highest level in the samples. The significantly higher content of DDT, HCB, α + β-HCH, and γ-HCH was detected in the adult animals when compared to the juveniles. Some strong positive correlations among pollutants, between HCB and DDT, α + β-HCH and HCB, α + β-HCH and HCB, between γ-HCH and other pollutants, and between PCB-delor and γ-HCH were found. Game animals are a part of human food chain and monitoring of the environment pollution by PCBs and other organic pollutants are worthy to study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Capcarova
- a Department of Animal Physiology , Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra , Nitra , Slovak Republic
| | - Jaroslav Slamecka
- b National Agricultural and Food Centre , Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra , Luzianky , Slovak Republic
| | - Rastislav Jurcik
- b National Agricultural and Food Centre , Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra , Luzianky , Slovak Republic
| | - Tomas Sladecek
- b National Agricultural and Food Centre , Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra , Luzianky , Slovak Republic
| | - Agnieszka Gren
- c Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Cracow , Kraków , Poland
| | | | - Peter Massanyi
- a Department of Animal Physiology , Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra , Nitra , Slovak Republic
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29
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Lazarevic N, Barnett AG, Sly PD, Knibbs LD. Statistical Methodology in Studies of Prenatal Exposure to Mixtures of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals: A Review of Existing Approaches and New Alternatives. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2019; 127:26001. [PMID: 30720337 PMCID: PMC6752940 DOI: 10.1289/ehp2207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposures to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during critical developmental windows have been implicated in the etiologies of a wide array of adverse perinatal and pediatric outcomes. Epidemiological studies have concentrated on the health effects of individual chemicals, despite the understanding that EDCs act together via common mechanisms, that pregnant women are exposed to multiple EDCs simultaneously, and that substantial toxicological evidence of adverse developmental effects has been documented. There is a move toward multipollutant models in environmental epidemiology; however, there is no current consensus on appropriate statistical methods. OBJECTIVES We aimed to review the statistical methods used in these studies, to identify additional applicable methods, and to determine the strengths and weaknesses of each method for addressing the salient statistical and epidemiological challenges. METHODS We searched Embase, MEDLINE, and Web of Science for epidemiological studies of endocrine-sensitive outcomes in the children of mothers exposed to EDC mixtures during pregnancy and identified alternative statistical methods from the wider literature. DISCUSSION We identified 74 studies and analyzed the methods used to estimate mixture health effects, identify important mixture components, account for nonmonotonicity in exposure–response relationships, assess interactions, and identify windows of exposure susceptibility. We identified both frequentist and Bayesian methods that are robust to multicollinearity, performing shrinkage, variable selection, dimension reduction, statistical learning, or smoothing, including methods that were not used by the studies included in our review. CONCLUSIONS Compelling motivation exists for analyzing EDCs as mixtures, yet many studies make simplifying assumptions about EDC additivity, relative potency, and linearity, or overlook the potential for bias due to asymmetries in chemical persistence. We discuss the potential impacts of these choices and suggest alternative methods to improve analyses of prenatal exposure to EDC mixtures. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2207.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Lazarevic
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Adrian G Barnett
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter D Sly
- Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Luke D Knibbs
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Air Quality & Health Research and Evaluation, Glebe, New South Wales, Australia
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Ma S, Ren G, Zeng X, Yu Z, Sheng G, Fu J. Polychlorinated biphenyls and their hydroxylated metabolites in the serum of e-waste dismantling workers from eastern China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2018; 40:1931-1940. [PMID: 28477162 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-017-9958-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A number of studies have reported on the exposure of e-waste dismantling workers to significantly high concentrations of halogenated organic pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Such exposure can have adverse health effects. However, little information on the metabolites of these contaminants exists. In this study, we investigated PCBs levels and their hydroxylated metabolites (OH-PCB) in the serum of e-waste workers in Taizhou in eastern China. Our results indicate elevated PCB and OH-PCB levels in the serum of the workers, with medians of 443.7 and 133.9 ng/g lw, respectively. Tri- to hexachlorinated PCB congeners were the dominant homologue groups in all of the samples. 4-OH-CB107 was the predominant homologue among the hydroxylated metabolites, accounting for 88.9% of the total OH-PCB concentrations. While dietary sources (e.g., fish) appear to be an important route for PCB accumulation in non-occupational exposure groups, exposure via ingestion of house dust and inhalation of pollutants derived from the recycling of PCB-containing e-wastes may primarily contribute to the high body burden observed in the occupational groups. Since we found concentrations of metabolites higher than those of their parent compounds, further studies need to pay more attention to their bioaccumulation and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengtao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment Protection and Resource Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Guofa Ren
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Xiangying Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment Protection and Resource Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment Protection and Resource Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Guoying Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment Protection and Resource Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jiamo Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment Protection and Resource Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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Ghosh S, Loffredo CA, Mitra PS, Trnovec T, Palkovicova Murinova L, Sovcikova E, Hoffman EP, Makambi KH, Dutta SK. PCB exposure and potential future cancer incidence in Slovak children: an assessment from molecular finger printing by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA®) derived from experimental and epidemiological investigations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:16493-16507. [PMID: 29143255 PMCID: PMC5953777 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0149-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The risk of cancer due to PCB exposure in humans is highly debated. In eastern Slovakia, high exposure of the population to organochlorines (especially PCBs) was associated with various disease and disorder pathways, viz., endocrine disruption, metabolic disorder & diabetes, and cancer, thereby disturbing several cellular processes, including protein synthesis, stress response, and apoptosis. We have evaluated a Slovak cohort (45-month children, at lower and higher levels of PCB exposure from the environment) for disease and disorder development to develop early disease cancer biomarkers that could shed new light on possible mechanisms for the genesis of cancers under such chemical exposures, and identify potential avenues for prevention.Microarray studies of global gene expression were conducted from the 45-month-old children on the Affymetrix platform followed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA®) to associate the affected genes with their mechanistic pathways. High-throughput qRT-PCR TaqMan low-density array (TLDA) was performed to further validate the selected genes on the whole blood cells of the most highly exposed children from the study cohort (n = 71). TP53, MYC, BCL2, and LRP12 differential gene expressions suggested strong relationships between potential future tumor promotion and PCB exposure in Slovak children. The IPA analysis further detected the most important signaling pathways, including molecular mechanism of cancers, prostate cancer signaling, ovarian cancer signaling, P53 signaling, oncostatin M signaling, and their respective functions (viz., prostate cancer, breast cancer, progression of tumor, growth of tumor, and non-Hodgkin's disease). The results suggest that PCB exposures, even at the early age of these children, may have lifelong consequences for the future development of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somiranjan Ghosh
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biology, Howard University, 415 College Street, NW, Room 408, EE Just Hall, Washington, DC, 20059, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, 20059, USA.
| | - Christopher A Loffredo
- Departments of Oncology and of Biostatistics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Partha S Mitra
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biology, Howard University, 415 College Street, NW, Room 408, EE Just Hall, Washington, DC, 20059, USA
| | - Tomas Trnovec
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Lubica Palkovicova Murinova
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Eva Sovcikova
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Eric P Hoffman
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Kepher H Makambi
- Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics, and Biomathematics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Sisir K Dutta
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biology, Howard University, 415 College Street, NW, Room 408, EE Just Hall, Washington, DC, 20059, USA
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Uwimana E, Li X, Lehmler HJ. Human Liver Microsomes Atropselectively Metabolize 2,2',3,4',6-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 91) to a 1,2-Shift Product as the Major Metabolite. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:6000-6008. [PMID: 29659268 PMCID: PMC5966832 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenlys (PCBs) and their hydroxylated metabolites (OH-PCBs) have been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders. Several neurotoxic PCBs, such as PCB 91, are chiral because they form stable rotational isomers, or atropisomers, that are nonsuperimposable mirror images of each other. Because only limited information about the metabolism of these PCBs by human cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes is available, we investigated the biotransformation of PCB 91 to OH-PCBs by human liver microsomes (HLMs). Racemic PCB 91 was incubated with pooled or individual donor HLMs at 37 °C, and levels and chiral signatures of PCB 91 and its metabolites were determined. Several OH-PCBs were formed in the order 2,2',4,4',6-pentachlorobiphenyl-3-ol (3-100; 1,2 shift product) > 2,2',3,4',6-pentachlorobiphenyl-5-ol (5-91) ≫ 2,2',3,4',6-pentachlorobiphenyl-4-ol (4-91) ≫ 4,5-dihydroxy-2,2',3,4',6-pentachlorobiphenyl (4,5-91). Metabolite formation rates displayed interindividual variability. The first eluting atropisomers of PCB 91, 3-100 and 4-91, and the second eluting atropisomer of 5-91 were enriched in most metabolism studies. The unexpected, preferential formation of a 1,2-shift product and the variability of the OH-PCBs profiles in experiments with individual donor HLMs underline the need for further systematic studies of the atropselective metabolism of PCBs in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hans-Joachim Lehmler
- Corresponding Author: Dr. Hans-Joachim Lehmler, The University of Iowa, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa Research Park, #164 MTF, Iowa City, IA 52242-5000, Phone: (319) 335-4310, Fax: (319) 335-4290,
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Ghassabian A, Trasande L. Disruption in Thyroid Signaling Pathway: A Mechanism for the Effect of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals on Child Neurodevelopment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:204. [PMID: 29760680 PMCID: PMC5936967 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are crucial in normal brain development. Transient and mild thyroid hormone insufficiency in pregnancy is also associated with impaired neurodevelopment in the offspring (e.g., 3-4 IQ score loss in association with maternal free thyroxine in the lowest fifth percentile). While inadequate iodine intake remains the most common underlying cause of mild thyroid hormone insufficiency in vulnerable populations including pregnant women, other factors such as exposure to environmental contaminants have recently attracted increasing attention, in particular in interaction with iodine deficiency. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are natural and synthetic substances with ubiquitous exposure in children and adults including pregnant women. EDCs interfere, temporarily or permanently, with hormonal signaling pathways in the endocrine system by binding to hormone receptors and modifying gene expression. Other mechanisms involve alterations in production, metabolism, and transfer of hormones. Experimental studies have shown that exposures to EDCs affect various brain processes such as neurogenesis, neural differentiation and migration, as well as neural connectivity. Neuroimaging studies confirm brain morphological abnormalities (e.g., cortical thinning) consistent with neurodevelopmental impairments as a result of EDC exposures at standard use levels. In this review, we provide an overview of present findings from toxicological and human studies on the anti-thyroid effect of EDCs with a specific attention to fetal and early childhood exposure. This brief overview highlights the need for additional multidisciplinary studies with a focus on thyroid disruption as an underlying mechanism for developmental neurotoxicity of EDC, which can provide insight into modifiable risk factors of developmental delays in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhgar Ghassabian
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- NYU Wagner School of Public Service, New York, NY, United States
- NYU College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States
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Gutleb AC, Cambier S, Serchi T. Impact of Endocrine Disruptors on the Thyroid Hormone System. Horm Res Paediatr 2018; 86:271-278. [PMID: 26771660 DOI: 10.1159/000443501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The thyroid hormone (TH) system plays a central role in central physiological processes of many species, including mammals and humans, ranging from growth and cell differentiation, energy metabolism, thermoregulation and phasing of hibernation or annual movements of migratory species, metamorphosis from larvae to adult forms, brain development, reproduction, or the cardiovascular system. Several chemicals are known to be TH-disrupting compounds (THDCs) and have been shown to interact with virtually all elements of TH homeostasis such as feedback mechanisms with the hypothalamus-pituitary axis, TH synthesis, TH storage and release from the thyroid gland, transport protein binding and TH distribution in tissues and organs, cellular TH uptake, intracellular TH metabolism, and TH receptor binding. Therefore, chemicals interfering with the TH homeostasis have the potential to interact with many of these important processes, and especially early-life stage exposure results in permanent alterations of tissue organization and homeostatic regulation of adaptive processes. This is not only of theoretical importance as the reported plasma concentrations of THDCs in human plasma fall well within the range of reported in vitro effect concentrations, and this is of even higher importance as the developing fetus and young children are in a sensitive developmental stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arno C Gutleb
- Environmental Health Group, Life Cycle Sustainability and Risk Assessment (LiSRA) Unit, Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
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Dufour P, Pirard C, Charlier C. Determination of phenolic organohalogens in human serum from a Belgian population and assessment of parameters affecting the human contamination. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 599-600:1856-1866. [PMID: 28545212 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Many in vitro or in vivo studies highlighted the potential deleterious effects of phenolic organohalogenated compounds (POHs) on the health, particularly on the thyroid system homeostasis, however few large scale human epidemiological studies have been carried out, especially in Europe. Further studies monitoring the human contamination by POHs, the sources of exposure and the influence of these compounds on thyroid health are still needed. Therefore we determined the concentrations of 16 POHs (pentachlorophenol (PCP), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), 4 bromophenols (BPs), 3 hydroxy-polybromodiphenylethers (OH-PBDEs) and 7 hydroxy-polychlorobiphenyls (OH-PCBs)) in serum from 274 people aged from 18 to 76years old living in Liege (Belgium) and the surrounding area. A questionnaire about their alimentary habits, life style and home environment was also administered to the volunteers. The predominant compound measured in the population was PCP (median concentration of 593.0pgmL-1). 4-OH-CB 107, 4-OH-CB 146 and 4-OH-CB 187 were detected in all samples and contributed for 75% of the sum of OH-PCBs (ΣOH-PCBs). The median measured in our population for ΣOH-PCBs was 143.7pgmL-1. TBBPA and 2,4,6-tribromophenol were detected in 31% and 63.8% of the samples respectively while the detection frequency observed for the other BPs and the OH-PBDEs was close to zero. We computed multivariate regression models in order to assess the influence of demographic and lifestyle parameters on the PCP and ΣOH-PCBs contamination levels. Significant correlation was found between the PCP concentration and sex, smoker status, sea fish consumption and level of education, although the model seemed to be a poor (R2=0.14) predictor of the PCP concentration. The model computed for ΣOH-PCBs was more explanatory (R2=0.61) and involved age, BMI and sea fish consumption. Finally, we assessed the parameters affecting the ΣOH-PCBs/ΣPCBs ratio. The model proposed involved age, BMI, smoker status and parent PCB level, and explained 41% of the variability of the ΣOH-PCBs/ΣPCBs ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Dufour
- Laboratory of Clinical, Forensic and Environmental Toxicology, University of Liege (ULg) CHU (B35), 4000, Liege, Belgium; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (C.I.R.M.), University of Liege (ULg) CHU (B35), 4000, Liege, Belgium.
| | - Catherine Pirard
- Laboratory of Clinical, Forensic and Environmental Toxicology, University of Liege (ULg) CHU (B35), 4000, Liege, Belgium; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (C.I.R.M.), University of Liege (ULg) CHU (B35), 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Corinne Charlier
- Laboratory of Clinical, Forensic and Environmental Toxicology, University of Liege (ULg) CHU (B35), 4000, Liege, Belgium; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (C.I.R.M.), University of Liege (ULg) CHU (B35), 4000, Liege, Belgium
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36
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Marek RF, Thorne PS, Herkert NJ, Awad AM, Hornbuckle KC. Airborne PCBs and OH-PCBs Inside and Outside Urban and Rural U.S. Schools. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:7853-7860. [PMID: 28656752 PMCID: PMC5777175 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b01910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
PCBs appear in school air because many school buildings were built when PCBs were still intentionally added to building materials and because PCBs are also present through inadvertent production in modern pigment. This is of concern because children are especially vulnerable to the toxic effects of PCBs. Here we report indoor and outdoor air concentrations of PCBs and OH-PCBs from two rural schools and four urban schools, the latter near a PCB-contaminated waterway of Lake Michigan in the United States. Samples (n = 108) were collected as in/out pairs using polyurethane foam passive air samplers (PUF-PAS) from January 2012 to November 2015. Samples were analyzed using GC/MS-MS for all 209 PCBs and 72 OH-PCBs. Concentrations inside schools were 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than outdoors and ranged from 0.5 to 194 ng/m3 (PCBs) and from 4 to 665 pg/m3 (OH-PCBs). Congener profiles were similar within each sampling location across season but different between schools and indicated the sources as Aroclors from building materials and individual PCBs associated with modern pigment. This study is the first cohort-specific analysis to show that some children's PCB inhalation exposure may be equal to or higher than their exposure through diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel F. Marek
- IIHR-Hydroscience and Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City IA (USA) 52242
- Corresponding authors’ contact information: Rachel F. Marek: 103 S. Capitol St., 4105 SC, Iowa City, IA 52242, , (319) 335-5585, FAX (319) 335-5660; Keri C. Hornbuckle: 103 S. Capitol St., 4105 SC, Iowa City, IA 52242, ; (319) 384-0789, FAX: (319) 335-5660; Peter S. Thorne: 105 River St., S341A CPHB, Iowa City, IA 52242, , (319) 335-4216, FAX: (319) 384-4138
| | - Peter S. Thorne
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City IA (USA) 52242
- Corresponding authors’ contact information: Rachel F. Marek: 103 S. Capitol St., 4105 SC, Iowa City, IA 52242, , (319) 335-5585, FAX (319) 335-5660; Keri C. Hornbuckle: 103 S. Capitol St., 4105 SC, Iowa City, IA 52242, ; (319) 384-0789, FAX: (319) 335-5660; Peter S. Thorne: 105 River St., S341A CPHB, Iowa City, IA 52242, , (319) 335-4216, FAX: (319) 384-4138
| | - Nicholas J. Herkert
- IIHR-Hydroscience and Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City IA (USA) 52242
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City IA (USA) 52242
| | - Andrew M. Awad
- IIHR-Hydroscience and Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City IA (USA) 52242
| | - Keri C. Hornbuckle
- IIHR-Hydroscience and Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City IA (USA) 52242
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City IA (USA) 52242
- Corresponding authors’ contact information: Rachel F. Marek: 103 S. Capitol St., 4105 SC, Iowa City, IA 52242, , (319) 335-5585, FAX (319) 335-5660; Keri C. Hornbuckle: 103 S. Capitol St., 4105 SC, Iowa City, IA 52242, ; (319) 384-0789, FAX: (319) 335-5660; Peter S. Thorne: 105 River St., S341A CPHB, Iowa City, IA 52242, , (319) 335-4216, FAX: (319) 384-4138
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Zheng J, He CT, Chen SJ, Yan X, Guo MN, Wang MH, Yu YJ, Yang ZY, Mai BX. Disruption of thyroid hormone (TH) levels and TH-regulated gene expression by polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and hydroxylated PCBs in e-waste recycling workers. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 102:138-144. [PMID: 28245931 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are the primary toxicants released by electronic waste (e-waste) recycling, but their adverse effects on people working in e-waste recycling or living near e-waste sites have not been studied well. In the present study, the serum concentrations of PBDEs, PCBs, and hydroxylated PCBs, the circulating levels of thyroid hormones (THs), and the mRNA levels of seven TH-regulated genes in peripheral blood leukocytes of e-waste recycling workers were analyzed. The associations of the hormone levels and gene expression with the exposure to these contaminants were examined using multiple linear regression models. There were nearly no associations of the TH levels with PCBs and hydroxylated PCBs, whereas elevated hormone (T4 and T3) levels were associated with certain lower-brominated BDEs. While not statistically significant, we did observe a negative association between highly brominated PBDE congeners and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in the e-waste workers. The TH-regulated gene expression was more significantly associated with the organohalogen compounds (OHCs) than the TH levels in these workers. The TH-regulated gene expression was significantly associated with certain PCB and hydroxylated PCB congeners. However, the expression of most target genes was suppressed by PBDEs (mostly highly brominated congeners). This is the first evidence of alterations in TH-regulated gene expression in humans exposed to OHCs. Our findings indicated that OHCs may interfere with TH signaling and/or exert TH-like effects, leading to alterations in related gene expression in humans. Further research is needed to investigate the mechanisms of action and associated biological consequences of the gene expression disruption by OHCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zheng
- Center for Environmental Health Research, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Tao He
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - She-Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiao Yan
- Center for Environmental Health Research, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mi-Na Guo
- College of Natural Resources, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Mei-Huan Wang
- Center for Environmental Health Research, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Jiang Yu
- Center for Environmental Health Research, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bi-Xian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
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Kezios K, Gu Y, Liu X, Cirillo P, Tarrant D, Petreas M, Park JS, Cohn B, Factor-Litvak P. Hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyl metabolites (OH-PCBs), maternal smoking and size at birth. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 71:166-175. [PMID: 28314564 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In a sample of 442 births from the Child Health and Development Studies cohort, we examined associations between maternal prenatal exposure to hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyl metabolites (OH-PCBs) and pregnancy outcomes, and whether associations were mediated by maternal thyroid hormone levels and/or modified by maternal smoking. Compared to nonsmokers, smokers had twice the mean concentration of 4-OH-CB107 (p<0.001) and lower levels of its parent compound, PCB118 (p=0.001). Among mothers who smoked, the birth weight of newborns with maternal concentrations of 4-OH-CB107 in the upper quartile was 316g lighter (95% confidence interval (CI) 566, 65) compared to those with maternal concentrations in the lowest quartile, after control for PCB118 and other potential confounders. This association was not observed for non-smoking mothers and was not mediated by maternal thyroid hormone levels. Maternal prenatal 4-OH-CB107 levels appear to be influenced by maternal smoking and contribute to lower birth weight among smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Kezios
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yiwei Gu
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Xinhua Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Piera Cirillo
- Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA
| | - Darcy Tarrant
- Department of Toxic Substances Control California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA
| | - Myrto Petreas
- Department of Toxic Substances Control California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA
| | - Jun-Soo Park
- Department of Toxic Substances Control California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA
| | - Barbara Cohn
- Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA
| | - Pam Factor-Litvak
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Soechitram SD, Berghuis SA, Visser TJ, Sauer PJJ. Polychlorinated biphenyl exposure and deiodinase activity in young infants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 574:1117-1124. [PMID: 27710904 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have shown effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on serum thyroid hormone levels in pregnant woman and their infants, while other studies did not find such effects. How PCBs might affect thyroid hormone metabolism, is still unclear. Potential mechanisms are direct influence on the thyroid gland, binding to thyroid binding proteins, increased excretion or metabolism of thyroid hormones by deiodinases or sulfatases. It is also not well known whether the effect on thyroid hormone levels is caused by PCBs themselves, or by their hydroxylated metabolites (OH-PCBs). OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of perinatal exposure to PCBs and OH-PCBs on thyroid hormone levels in cord blood and in serum of newborn infants. METHODS In a Dutch cohort of 100 mother-infant pairs, exposed to background PCB levels, correlations were assessed between 10 PCBs and 6 OH-PCBs in maternal blood during pregnancy and serum thyroxine (T4), T4 sulfate (T4S), triiodothyronine (T3), reverse T3 (rT3), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) levels in cord blood and in serum of three- and 18-month-old infants. We corrected for age of the mother, gestational age, gender and type of feeding. RESULTS After correction, prenatal levels of three of 10 measured PCBs showed a positive correlation with cord serum T3, and four PCBs showed a negative correlation with cord serum rT3. After correction, two PCBs and the sum of the 10 measured PCBs were positively correlated with the cord serum T3/rT3 ratio, an indicator of deiodinase 3 activity. No correlations were found between PCBs and T4, TSH and TBG in cord blood. 4-OH-PCB-107 was correlated with T4 at 3months and T4, T4S and T3 at 18months. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that PCBs have a negative effect on deiodinase type 3 activity, as reflected by a positive correlation with the T3/rT3 ratio. We identified a potential mechanism by which PCBs may affect thyroid hormone metabolism during human development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini D Soechitram
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sietske A Berghuis
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Theo J Visser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter J J Sauer
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Koh WX, Hornbuckle KC, Wang K, Thorne PS. Serum polychlorinated biphenyls and their hydroxylated metabolites are associated with demographic and behavioral factors in children and mothers. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 94:538-545. [PMID: 27352881 PMCID: PMC4980156 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Factors contributing to the inter-individual variation in body burden of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and their hydroxylated metabolites (OH-PCBs) have not been fully elucidated. We examined associations between total serum concentrations of 209 PCBs, 64 OH-PCBs, and frequently detected individual congeners with demographic characteristics (age, gender, ethnicity and community of residence), body mass index (BMI or BMI percentile), and breastfeeding history in children and their mothers from 83 U.S. households. There was a significant positive association between age and concentrations of total PCBs and OH-PCBs in mothers. Non-Hispanics had significantly higher concentrations of total PCBs in mothers and OH-PCBs in children than Hispanics. Concentrations of total PCBs were significantly lower in mothers who had longer breastfeeding duration. Living in the Columbus Junction, Iowa community as compared to East Chicago, Indiana was associated with higher total PCBs in children, probably attributable to higher exposures at school. Lower concentrations of OH-PCBs were significantly associated with a higher BMI percentile in children. Congener-specific associations were observed for 30 PCB and 12 OH-PCB congeners and followed comparable trends. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine factors contributing to variations in serum concentrations of total 209 PCBs and total OH-PCBs in children, as well as to examine ethnic differences in OH-PCB levels. Results from this study revealed that demographic characteristics, body mass index and breastfeeding history are factors that should be considered for human exposure and risk assessment of PCBs and OH-PCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xin Koh
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Keri C Hornbuckle
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Peter S Thorne
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States.
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41
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Ruiz JDC, Quackenboss JJ, Tulve NS. Contributions of a Child's Built, Natural, and Social Environments to Their General Cognitive Ability: A Systematic Scoping Review. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147741. [PMID: 26840411 PMCID: PMC4739499 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of a child’s cognitive ability is complex, with research suggesting that it is not attributed to a single determinant or even a defined period of exposure. Rather, cognitive development is the product of cumulative interactions with the environment, both negative and positive, over the life course. The aim of this systematic scoping review was to collate evidence associated with children’s cognitive health, including inherent factors as well as chemical and non-chemical stressors from the built, natural, and social environments. Three databases were used to identify recent epidemiological studies (2003–2013) that examined exposure factors associated with general cognitive ability in children. Over 100 factors were evaluated from 258 eligible studies. We found that recent literature mainly assessed the hypothesized negative effects of either inherent factors or chemical exposures present in the physical environment. Prenatal growth, sleep health, lead and water pollutants showed consistent negative effects. Of the few studies that examined social stressors, results consistently showed cognitive development to be influenced by both positive and negative social interactions at home, in school or the community. Among behavioral factors related to diet and lifestyle choices of the mother, breastfeeding was the most studied, showing consistent positive associations with cognitive ability. There were mostly inconsistent results for both chemical and non-chemical stressors. The majority of studies utilized traditional exposure assessments, evaluating chemical and non-chemical stressors separately. Collective evidence from a limited number of studies revealed that cumulative exposure assessment that incorporates multiple chemical and non-chemical stressors over the life course may unravel the variability in effect on cognitive development and help explain the inconsistencies across studies. Future research examining the interactions of multiple stressors within a child’s total environment, depicting a more real-world exposure, will aid in understanding the cumulative effects associated with a child’s ability to learn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazmin Del Carmen Ruiz
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, United States of America
- Human Exposure and Atmospheric Sciences Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, United States of America
- * E-mail: ;
| | - James J. Quackenboss
- Human Exposure and Atmospheric Sciences Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Las Vegas, NV, United States of America
| | - Nicolle S. Tulve
- Human Exposure and Atmospheric Sciences Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, United States of America
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Ruiz P, Ingale K, Wheeler JS, Mumtaz M. 3D QSAR studies of hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls as potential xenoestrogens. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:2238-2246. [PMID: 26598992 PMCID: PMC8211363 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Mono-hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs) are found in human biological samples and lack of data on their potential estrogenic activity has been a source of concern. We have extended our previous in silico 2D QSAR study through the application of advance techniques such as docking and 3D QSAR to gain insights into their estrogen receptor (ERα) binding. The results support our earlier findings that the hydroxyl group is the most important feature on the compounds; its position, orientation and surroundings in the structure are influential for the binding of OH-PCBs to ERα. This study has also revealed the following additional interactions that influence estrogenicity of these chemicals (a) the aromatic interactions of the biphenyl moieties with the receptor, (b) hydrogen bonding interactions of the p-hydroxyl group with key amino acids ARG394 and GLU353, (c) low or no electronegative substitution at para-positions of the p-hydroxyl group, (d) enhanced electrostatic interactions at the meta position on the B ring, and (e) co-planarity of the hydroxyl group on the A ring. In combination the 2D and 3D QSAR approaches have led us to the support conclusion that the hydroxyl group is the most important feature on the OH-PCB influencing the binding to estrogen receptors, and have enhanced our understanding of the mechanistic details of estrogenicity of this class of chemicals. Such in silico computational methods could serve as useful tools in risk assessment of chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Ruiz
- Computational Toxicology and Methods Development Laboratory, Division of Toxicology and Human Health Sciences, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1600 Clifton Road, MS-F57, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA.
| | - Kundan Ingale
- VLife Sciences Tech. Pvt. Ltd., Plot No-05, Survey No 131/1b/2/11, Ram Indu Park, Baner Road, Pune, 411045, India
| | - John S Wheeler
- Computational Toxicology and Methods Development Laboratory, Division of Toxicology and Human Health Sciences, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1600 Clifton Road, MS-F57, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
| | - Moiz Mumtaz
- Computational Toxicology and Methods Development Laboratory, Division of Toxicology and Human Health Sciences, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1600 Clifton Road, MS-F57, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
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Ndunda EN, Mizaikoff B. Molecularly imprinted polymers for the analysis and removal of polychlorinated aromatic compounds in the environment: a review. Analyst 2016; 141:3141-56. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an00293e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymers selective to polychlorinated aromatic compounds for application in environmental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth N. Ndunda
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
- Ulm University
- 89081 Ulm
- Germany
| | - Boris Mizaikoff
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
- Ulm University
- 89081 Ulm
- Germany
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44
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Sun Y, Zhang Q, Wang W. Products, mechanism, and kinetics of OH radical-initiated oxidation degradation of 2,4,4′-trichlorobiphenyl in the atmosphere. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra07878h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To better understand the behavior, fate and oxidation products of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the atmosphere, probing the atmospheric oxidation mechanism and kinetic properties of PCBs is of crucial importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Sun
- Environment Research Institute
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering
| | - Qingzhu Zhang
- Environment Research Institute
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Environment Research Institute
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
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45
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Saeedi Saravi SS, Dehpour AR. Potential role of organochlorine pesticides in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and neurobehavioral disorders: A review. Life Sci 2015; 145:255-64. [PMID: 26549647 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are persistent and bioaccumulative environmental contaminants with potential neurotoxic effects. The growing body of evidence has demonstrated that prenatal exposure to organochlorines (OCs) is associated with impairment of neuropsychological development. The hypothesis is consistent with recent studies emphasizing the correlation of environmental as well as genetic factors to the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental and neurobehavioral defects. It has been suggested that maternal exposure to OCPs results in impaired motor and cognitive development in newborns and infants. Moreover, in utero exposure to these compounds contributes to the etiology of autism. Although impaired neurodevelopment occurs through prenatal exposure to OCs, breastfeeding causes postnatal toxicity in the infants. Parkinson's disease (PD) is another neurological disorder, which has been associated with exposure to OCs, leading to α-synuclein accumulation and depletion of dopaminergic neurons. The study aimed to review the potential association between pre- and post-natal exposure to OCs and impaired neurodevelopmental processes during pregnancy and neuropsychological diseases such as PD, behavioral alterations, seizures and autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Soheil Saeedi Saravi
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Toxicology-Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Wimmerová S, Watson A, Drobná B, Šovčíková E, Weber R, Lancz K, Patayová H, Richterová D, Koštiaková V, Jurečková D, Závacký P, Strémy M, Jusko TA, Palkovičová Murínová Ľ, Hertz-Picciotto I, Trnovec T. The spatial distribution of human exposure to PCBs around a former production site in Slovakia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:14405-15. [PMID: 26250810 PMCID: PMC4677688 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5047-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated concentrations of 15 PCB congeners in blood serum of 2047 adults, 431 8-9-year old children and 1134 mother-child pairs born in 2001-2003. These subjects were long-standing residents living up to 70 km (to the north) and up to 50 km (to the south) of the former Chemko Strážske PCB production facility in the Michalovce district of Slovakia. We plotted serum concentration against distance from the plant both with and without consideration of the direction of their homes from the site. The decrease in exposure with distance could be described by an exponential function which was dependent on direction and climatic parameters. By kriging we created maps depicting predicted isoconcentration contours for sex- and age-adjusted serum concentration of ∑PCBs for the same group of children, adults and mothers. The principle of our risk analysis was to relate serum concentration data, reflecting PCB body burden, using the critical concentrations established by the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES 2010) as thresholds below which the probability of effects on health is regarded as negligible. We conclude that 10 years ago, around 200,000 residents were at risk in this densely populated area. Exposure has since decreased but the mechanism for this has not yet been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soňa Wimmerová
- Slovak Medical University, Limbová 12, 83303, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alan Watson
- Public Interest Consultants, Uplands Court, 134, Eaton Crescent Uplands, Swansea, SA1 4QR, Wales, UK
| | - Beata Drobná
- Slovak Medical University, Limbová 12, 83303, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eva Šovčíková
- Slovak Medical University, Limbová 12, 83303, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Roland Weber
- POPs Environmental Consulting, Lindenfirststrasse 23, Schwaebisch Gmuend, 73527, Germany
| | - Kinga Lancz
- Slovak Medical University, Limbová 12, 83303, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | | | | | - Dana Jurečková
- The Štefan Kukura Hospital and Policlinic, Michalovce, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Závacký
- Research Centre of Progressive Technologies, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology in Trnava, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Hajdóczyho 1, 917 24, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Maximilián Strémy
- Research Centre of Progressive Technologies, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology in Trnava, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Hajdóczyho 1, 917 24, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Todd A Jusko
- Departments of Public Health Sciences and Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 265 Crittenden Blvd., Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | | | - Irva Hertz-Picciotto
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Tomáš Trnovec
- Slovak Medical University, Limbová 12, 83303, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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47
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Ghosh S, Mitra PS, Loffredo CA, Trnovec T, Murinova L, Sovcikova E, Ghimbovschi S, Zang S, Hoffman EP, Dutta SK. Transcriptional profiling and biological pathway analysis of human equivalence PCB exposure in vitro: indicator of disease and disorder development in humans. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 138:202-16. [PMID: 25725301 PMCID: PMC4739739 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Our earlier gene-expression studies with a Slovak PCBs-exposed population have revealed possible disease and disorder development in accordance with epidemiological studies. The present investigation aimed to develop an in vitro model system that can provide an indication of disrupted biological pathways associated with developing future diseases, well in advance of the clinical manifestations that may take years to appear in the actual human exposure scenario. METHODS We used human Primary Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) and exposed them to a mixture of human equivalence levels of PCBs (PCB-118, -138, -153, -170, -180) as found in the PCBs-exposed Slovak population. The microarray studies of global gene expression were conducted on the Affymetrix platform using Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array along with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) to associate the affected genes with their mechanistic pathways. High-throughput qRT-PCR Taqman Low Density Array (TLDA) was done to further validate the selected 6 differentially expressed genes of our interest, viz., ARNT, CYP2D6, LEPR, LRP12, RRAD, TP53, with a small population validation sample (n=71). RESULTS Overall, we revealed a discreet gene expression profile in the experimental model that resembled the diseases and disorders observed in PCBs-exposed population studies. The disease pathways included endocrine system disorders, genetic disorders, metabolic diseases, developmental disorders, and cancers, strongly consistent with the evidence from epidemiological studies. INTERPRETATION These gene finger prints could lead to the identification of populations and subgroups at high risk for disease, and can pose as early disease biomarkers well ahead of time, before the actual disease becomes visible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somiranjan Ghosh
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
| | - Partha S Mitra
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Christopher A Loffredo
- Department of Oncology & Department of Biostatistics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Tomas Trnovec
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Lubica Murinova
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Eva Sovcikova
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Svetlana Ghimbovschi
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Shizhu Zang
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Eric P Hoffman
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Sisir K Dutta
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
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Annamalai J, Namasivayam V. Endocrine disrupting chemicals in the atmosphere: Their effects on humans and wildlife. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 76:78-97. [PMID: 25569353 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous agents that interfere or disrupt the normal synthesis, secretion, transportation, binding and metabolism of natural hormones; eventually dysregulating homeostatic mechanisms, reproduction and development. They are emitted into the atmosphere during anthropogenic activities and physicochemical reactions in nature. Inhalation of these EDCs as particulate and gaseous vapors triggers their interaction with endocrine glands and exerts agonist or antagonists actions at hormone receptors. The endocrine disruption at nanogram levels of EDC's has gained concern in the last decade, due to infertility among men and women, early puberty, obesity, diabetes and cancer. Thus, the review explores the literature that addresses the major occurring EDCs in the atmosphere including phthalates, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), brominated flame retardants (BFRs), dioxins, alkylphenols (APs) and perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs). Sources, fate, half-life, mechanism, measured concentrations in air, bioaccumulation in tissues, laboratory exposures correlating to toxicological effects of these EDCs in humans and wildlife are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayshree Annamalai
- Centre for Environmental Studies, CEG Campus, Anna University, Guindy, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Vasudevan Namasivayam
- Centre for Environmental Studies, CEG Campus, Anna University, Guindy, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Eguchi A, Nomiyama K, Minh Tue N, Trang PTK, Hung Viet P, Takahashi S, Tanabe S. Residue profiles of organohalogen compounds in human serum from e-waste recycling sites in North Vietnam: Association with thyroid hormone levels. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 137:440-449. [PMID: 25659948 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrated the contamination levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hydroxylated PCBs (OH-PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), methoxylated PBDEs (MeO-PBDEs), hydroxylated PBDEs (OH-PBDEs), and bromophenols (BPhs), and their relationships with thyroid hormones (THs), in the serum of human donors from an e-waste recycling site and a rural site in Hung Yen province, Vietnam. Occupationally related exposure was indicated by significantly higher residue levels of PCBs, OH-PCBs, PBDEs, and BPhs in the serum of donors from the e-waste recycling site (median: 420, 160, 290, and 300pgg(-1) wet wt, respectively) than those in the serum of donors from the rural site (median: 290, 82, 230, and 200pgg(-)(1) wet wt, respectively). On the other hand, levels of OH-/MeO-PBDEs were significantly higher in serum of donors from the reference site (median: 160 and 20pgg(-1) wet wt, respectively) than in those from the e-waste recycling site (median: 43 and 0.52pgg(-1) wet wt, respectively). In addition, we implemented stepwise generalized linear models to assess the association between the levels of TH and PCBs, PBDEs, and their related compounds. In females, we found positive associations of PCBs and OH-PCB concentrations with total thyroxine, free thyroxine, total triiodothyronine, and free triiodothyronine, and a negative association with thyroid-stimulating hormone concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akifumi Eguchi
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Kei Nomiyama
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan.
| | - Nguyen Minh Tue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan; Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development, Hanoi University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pham Thi Kim Trang
- Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development, Hanoi University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pham Hung Viet
- Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development, Hanoi University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Shin Takahashi
- Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Tarumi 3-5-7, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Tanabe
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
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50
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Developmental neurotoxicity of persistent organic pollutants: an update on childhood outcome. Arch Toxicol 2015; 89:687-709. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1463-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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