1
|
Yang R, Xu X, Wang X, Niu Y, Du J, Li H, Chen X, Li G, Shao B. Fluorinated Liquid-Crystal Monomers in Serum from the General Population and Their Impact on Human Health. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:15949-15959. [PMID: 39143808 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c02905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Fluorinated liquid-crystal monomers (FLCMs) are a potential emerging class of persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic compounds. Humans inevitably ingest FLCMs via food and the environment. However, there are limited studies on internal exposure biomonitoring of FLCMs. Herein, we evaluated the estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of FLCMs in the general population based on serum residue levels. For the first time, 38 FLCMs were detected in 314 serum samples from the general population in Beijing, with a median value of 132.48 ng/g of lipid weight (lw). BDPrB is a predominant FLCM in serum. The median EDI of ∑38FLCMs in the general residents was 37.96 pg/kg bw/day. The residual levels of most FLCMs were higher in urban than in suburban areas (p < 0.05). The concentrations of EFPEB, EDPrB, EDFPBB, and PDTFMTFT in serum showed positive associations with blood glucose (GLU) (r = 0.126-0.275, p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that FLCMs were significantly positively correlated with dyslipidemia, with an odds ratio of 2.19; BDPrB was significantly positively correlated with hyperglycemia (OR: 2.48). Overall, the present study suggests the occurrence of FLCMs in the nonoccupational population, and the exposure of certain FLCMs may cause abnormal blood glucose and lipid levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Runhui Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Xin Xu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Yumin Niu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jing Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Hong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Xianggui Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Gang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Bing Shao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Waye AA, Ticiani E, Sharmin Z, Perez Silos V, Perera T, Tu A, Buhimschi IA, Murga-Zamalloa CA, Hu YS, Veiga-Lopez A. Reduced bioenergetics and mitochondrial fragmentation in human primary cytotrophoblasts induced by an EGFR-targeting chemical mixture. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 364:143301. [PMID: 39251161 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Exposures to complex environmental chemical mixtures during pregnancy reach and target the feto-placental unit. This study investigates the influence of environmental chemical mixtures on placental bioenergetics. Recognizing the essential role of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in placental development and its role in stimulating glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration in trophoblast cells, we explored the effects of chemicals known to disrupt EGFR signaling on cellular energy production. Human primary cytotrophoblasts (hCTBs) and a first-trimester extravillous trophoblast cell line (HTR-8/SVneo) were exposed to a mixture of EGFR-interfering chemicals, including atrazine, bisphenol S, niclosamide, PCB-126, PCB-153, and trans-nonachlor. An RNA sequencing approach revealed that the mixture altered the transcriptional signature of genes involved in cellular energetics. Next, the impact of the mixture on cellular bioenergetics was evaluated using a combination of mitochondrial and glycolytic stress tests, ATP production, glucose consumption, lactate synthesis, and super-resolution imaging. The chemical mixture did not alter basal oxygen consumption but diminished the maximum respiratory capacity in a dose-dependent manner, indicating a disruption of mitochondrial function. The respiratory capacity and ATP production were increased by EGF, while the Chem-Mix reduced both EGF- and non-EGF-mediated oxygen consumption rate in hCTBs. A similar pattern was observed in the glycolytic medium acidification, with EGF increasing the acidification, and the Chem-Mix blocking EGF-induced glycolytic acidification. Furthermore, direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) imaging demonstrated that the Chem-Mix led to a reduction of the mitochondrial network architecture, with findings supported by a decrease in the abundance of OPA1, a mitochondrial membrane GTPase involved in mitochondrial fusion. In conclusion, we demonstrated that a mixture of EGFR-disrupting chemicals alters mitochondrial remodeling, resulting in disturbed cellular bioenergetics, reducing the capacity of human cytotrophoblast cells to generate energy. Future studies should investigate the mechanism by which mitochondrial dynamics are disrupted and the pathological significance of these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita A Waye
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elvis Ticiani
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zinat Sharmin
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Thilini Perera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alex Tu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Irina A Buhimschi
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Ying S Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Almudena Veiga-Lopez
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; The Chicago Center for Health and Environment, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Qin G, Jia R, Xue J, Chen L, Li Y, Luo W, Wu X, An T, Fang Z. New Perspectives on the Risks of Hydroxylated Polychlorinated Biphenyl (OH-PCB) Exposure: Intestinal Flora α-Glucosidase Inhibition. TOXICS 2024; 12:237. [PMID: 38668460 PMCID: PMC11053903 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12040237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of colorless and odorless environmental pollutants with a wide range of toxic effects. Some PCBs, especially less chlorinated ones, will rapidly undergo phase I metabolism after entering the body, and hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs) are the main metabolites of PCBs. Intestinal flora α-glucosidase is a common carbohydrate-active enzyme which is ubiquitous in human intestinal flora. It can convert complex dietary polysaccharides into monosaccharides, assisting the body in degrading complex carbohydrates and providing energy for the survival and growth of bacterial flora. The present study aims to investigate the inhibition of the activity of intestinal flora α-glucosidase by OH-PCBs. 4-Nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (PNPG) was used as a probe substrate for α-glucosidase, and in vitro incubation experiments were conducted to study the inhibition of 26 representative OH-PCBs on α-glucosidase. Preliminary screening of in vitro incubation was performed with 100 μM of OH-PCBs. The results showed that 26 OH-PCBs generally exhibited strong inhibition of α-glucosidase. The concentration-dependent inhibition and half inhibition concentrations (IC50s) of OH-PCBs on α-glucosidase were determined. 4'-OH-PCB 86 and 4'-OH-PCB 106 were chosen as representative OH-PCBs, and the inhibition kinetic parameters (Kis) of inhibitors for α-glucosidase were determined. The inhibition kinetic parameters (Kis) of 4'-OH-PCB 86 and 4'-OH-PCB 106 for α-glucosidase are 1.007 μM and 0.538 μM, respectively. The silico docking method was used to further analyze the interaction mechanism between OH-PCBs and α-glucosidase. All these results will help us to understand the risks of OH-PCB exposure from a new perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Qin
- Department of Toxicology and Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Ruoyong Jia
- Department of Toxicology and Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Juntang Xue
- Department of Toxicology and Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Toxicology and Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Toxicology and Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Weiming Luo
- Department of Toxicology and Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xiaomin Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Tianfeng An
- Department of Toxicology and Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Zhongze Fang
- Department of Toxicology and Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin 300070, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Preventive Medicine Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
- Tianjin Center for International Collaborative Research in Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin 300070, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Đokić M, Nekić T, Varenina I, Varga I, Solomun Kolanović B, Sedak M, Čalopek B, Kmetič I, Murati T, Vratarić D, Bilandžić N. Distribution of Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Food of Animal Origin in Croatia. Foods 2024; 13:528. [PMID: 38397505 PMCID: PMC10887917 DOI: 10.3390/foods13040528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent environmental pollutants. When entering the food chain, they can represent a public health problem due to their negative effects on health. In this study, concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), organophosphate pesticides (OPPs), pyrethroids, carbamates, and PCBs-a total 73 compounds-were determined in a total of 2268 samples of fat tissues (beef, pork, sheep, goat, poultry, game, horse, rabbit) and processed fat, meat, and processed meat products collected in Croatia during an 8-year period. In fatty tissues, 787 results exceeded the limits of quantification (LOQ): 16 OCPs, eight OPPs, six pyrethroids, one carbamate, and seven PCBs. The most positive results in fat samples were found for OCPs, with a frequency of quantification in the range of 57.5-87.5%. Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) were quantified in the highest percentages, in the ranges of 5.5-66.7% and 5.4-55.8%. Concentrations above the MRL values were determined for chlorpyrifos in pork fat and for resmethrin in six fat samples and one pâté. In 984 samples of meat and meat products, only 62 results exceeded the LOQ values. The highest frequency of quantification was determined for OCPs (25 samples), of which 40% were DDT isomers (60% DDE). Frequency quantifications of PCBs in fat samples were between 7.23 and 36.7%. An evaluation of the health risk assessment showed that the consumption of fat, meat, and meat products does not pose a threat to consumer health, since all EDI values were well below the respective toxicological reference values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Đokić
- Laboratory for Residue Control, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.Đ.); (T.N.); (I.V.); (I.V.); (B.S.K.); (M.S.); (B.Č.)
| | - Tamara Nekić
- Laboratory for Residue Control, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.Đ.); (T.N.); (I.V.); (I.V.); (B.S.K.); (M.S.); (B.Č.)
| | - Ivana Varenina
- Laboratory for Residue Control, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.Đ.); (T.N.); (I.V.); (I.V.); (B.S.K.); (M.S.); (B.Č.)
| | - Ines Varga
- Laboratory for Residue Control, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.Đ.); (T.N.); (I.V.); (I.V.); (B.S.K.); (M.S.); (B.Č.)
| | - Božica Solomun Kolanović
- Laboratory for Residue Control, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.Đ.); (T.N.); (I.V.); (I.V.); (B.S.K.); (M.S.); (B.Č.)
| | - Marija Sedak
- Laboratory for Residue Control, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.Đ.); (T.N.); (I.V.); (I.V.); (B.S.K.); (M.S.); (B.Č.)
| | - Bruno Čalopek
- Laboratory for Residue Control, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.Đ.); (T.N.); (I.V.); (I.V.); (B.S.K.); (M.S.); (B.Č.)
| | - Ivana Kmetič
- Laboratory for Toxicology, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 8, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.K.); (T.M.)
| | - Teuta Murati
- Laboratory for Toxicology, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 8, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.K.); (T.M.)
| | - Darija Vratarić
- Veterinary and Food Safety Directorate, Ministry of Agriculture of Republic of Croatia, Planinska 2a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Nina Bilandžić
- Laboratory for Residue Control, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.Đ.); (T.N.); (I.V.); (I.V.); (B.S.K.); (M.S.); (B.Č.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Waye AA, Ticiani E, Veiga-Lopez A. Chemical mixture that targets the epidermal growth factor pathway impairs human trophoblast cell functions. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 483:116804. [PMID: 38185387 PMCID: PMC11212468 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Pregnant women are exposed to complex chemical mixtures, many of which reach the placenta. Some of these chemicals interfere with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation, a receptor tyrosine kinase that modulates several placenta cell functions. We hypothesized that a mixture of chemicals (Chem-Mix) known to reduce EGFR activation (polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-126, PCB-153, atrazine, trans-nonachlor, niclosamide, and bisphenol S) would interfere with EGFR-mediated trophoblast cell functions. To test this, we determined the chemicals' EGFR binding ability, EGFR and downstream effectors activation, and trophoblast functions (proliferation, invasion, and endovascular differentiation) known to be regulated by EGFR in extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs). The Chem-Mix competed with EGF for EGFR binding, however only PCB-153, niclosamide, trans-nonachlor, and BPS competed for binding as single chemicals. The effects of the Chem-Mix on EGFR phosphorylation were tested by exposing the placental EVT cell line, HTR-8/SVneo to control (0.1% DMSO), Chem-Mix (1, 10, or 100 ng/ml), EGF (30 ng/ml), or Chem-Mix + EGF. The Chem-Mix - but not the individual chemicals - reduced EGF-mediated EGFR phosphorylation in a dose dependent manner, while no effect was observed in its downstream effectors (AKT and STAT3). None of the individual chemicals affected EVT cell invasion, but the Chem-Mix reduced EVT cell invasion independent of EGF. In support of previous studies that have explored chemicals targeting a specific pathway (estrogen/androgen receptor), current findings indicate that exposure to a chemical mixture that targets the EGFR pathway can result in a greater impact compared to individual chemicals in the context of placental cell functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita A Waye
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elvis Ticiani
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Almudena Veiga-Lopez
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; The Chicago Center for Health and Environment, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen JC, Baumert BO, Li Y, Li Y, Pan S, Robinson S, Rubbo B, Costello E, He J, Hampson H, Beglarian E, Rock S, Goodrich JA, Eckel SP, Aung MT, McConnell R, Conti DV, Chatzi L. Associations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers with oxidative stress markers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 239:117308. [PMID: 37813138 PMCID: PMC10841434 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are intentionally produced persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that are resistant to environmental degradation. Previous in-vitro and in-vivo studies have shown that POPs can induce oxidative stress, which is linked to neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. However, findings in epidemiological studies are inconsistent and an evidence synthesis study is lacking to summarize the existing literature and explore research gaps. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the effects of PFAS, PCBs, OCPs, and PBDEs, on oxidative stress biomarkers in epidemiological studies. METHODS A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL to identify all published studies related to POPs and oxidative stress up to December 7th, 2022. We included human observational studies reporting at least one exposure to POPs and an oxidative stress biomarker of interest. Random-effects meta-analyses on standardized regression coefficients and effect direction plots with one-tailed sign tests were used for quantitative synthesis. RESULTS We identified 33 studies on OCPs, 35 on PCBs, 49 on PFAS, and 12 on PBDEs. Meta-analyses revealed significant positive associations of α-HCH with protein carbonyls (0.035 [0.017, 0.054]) and of 4'4-DDE with malondialdehyde (0.121 [0.056, 0.187]), as well as a significant negative association between 2'4-DDE and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (-0.042 [-0.079, -0.004]), all β [95%CI]. Sign tests showed a significant positive association between PCBs and malondialdehyde (pone-tailed = 0.03). Additionally, we found significant negative associations of OCPs with acetylcholine esterase (pone-tailed = 0.02) and paraoxonase-1 (pone-tailed = 0.03). However, there were inconsistent associations of OCPs with superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase. CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of OCPs were associated with increased levels of oxidative stress through increased pro-oxidant biomarkers involving protein oxidation, DNA damage, and lipid peroxidation, as well as decreased TAC. These findings have the potential to reveal the underlying mechanisms of POPs toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Carmen Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| | - Brittney O Baumert
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yijie Li
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yiping Li
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Shudi Pan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Shante Robinson
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Bruna Rubbo
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Costello
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jie He
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Hailey Hampson
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Emily Beglarian
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sarah Rock
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jesse A Goodrich
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Max T Aung
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - David V Conti
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lida Chatzi
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Idowu IG, Megson D, Tiktak G, Dereviankin M, Sandau CD. Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) half-lives in humans: A systematic review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 345:140359. [PMID: 37832892 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
This manuscript presents a systematic review of PCB half-lives reported in the scientific literature. The review was completed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and included a review of almost 1000 peer-reviewed publications. In total, 26 articles were found to report half-lives in humans, with the majority of data coming from studies performed in North America on individuals suspected to have been exposed to PCBs. Terminology for reporting PCB half-lives was inconsistent, so we have attempted to consolidate this and recommend using either "apparent half-life" or "intrinsic half-life" in future studies. Within the literature, values for reported half-lives varied considerably for different PCBs. Less chlorinated PCBs generally have shorter half-lives than more chlorinated PCBs. It was interesting to note the large variability of half-lives reported for the same PCB. For example, the reported half-life for PCB 180 varied by nearly 3 orders of magnitude (0.34 years-300 years). Our review identified that the half-lives estimated were largely dependent on the studied cohort. We discuss the importance of PCB body burden, degree of chlorination and PCB structure, gender, age, breastfeeding, BMI, and smoking status on half-life estimations. We also identified significantly shorter half-lives for some PCBs in occupationally exposed individuals compared to results reported from the general population. PCB half-lives are not the same for every PCB or every individual. Therefore, careful consideration is needed when these values are used in human exposure studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - David Megson
- Chemistry Matters Inc, Calgary, Canada; Manchester Metropolitan University, Department of Natural Science, Ecology and Environment Research Centre, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | - Guuske Tiktak
- Manchester Metropolitan University, Department of Natural Science, Ecology and Environment Research Centre, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | | | - Courtney D Sandau
- Chemistry Matters Inc, Calgary, Canada; Mount Royal University, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Calgary, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Simpson AM, Nutile SA, Hodgson OC, Russell AE, Keyes JD, Wood CC, Buckanovich RJ. Evaluating the trophic transfer of PCBs from fish to humans: Insights from a synergism of environmental monitoring and physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 336:122419. [PMID: 37598933 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) within fish tissues has prompted many states to issue consumption advisories. In Pennsylvania such advisories suggest one meal per month for most game species harvested from Lake Erie; however, these advisories do not account for the emergent properties of regional PCB mixtures, and the downstream accumulation of PCB congeners into human tissues is poorly documented. This study aimed to demonstrate the utility of pairing environmental monitoring with pharmacokinetic modeling for the purpose of estimating dietary PCB exposure in humans. We qualified and quantified the PCB congeners present in the filets of five Lake Erie fish species and used these data to estimate exposure under consumption scenarios that matched or exceeded the advisories. Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling was then employed to predict PCB accumulation within seven tissue compartments of a hypothetical man and woman over 10 years. Twenty-one congeners were detected between the five fish species at concentrations ranging from 56.0 to 411.7 ng/g. Predicted accumulation in human tissues varied based on tissue type, the species consumed, biological sex, and fish-consumption rate. Notably, steady-state concentrations were higher in fatty tissue compartments ("Fat" and "Liver") and across all tissues in women compared to men. This study serves as a preliminary blueprint for generating predictions of site-specific and tissue-specific exposure through the integration of environmental monitoring and pharmacokinetic modeling. Although the details may vary across applications, this simple approach could complement traditional exposure assessments for vulnerable communities in the Great Lakes region that continue to suffer from legacy contamination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Simpson
- School of Science, Pennsylvania State University, The Behrend College, Erie, PA, 16563, USA.
| | - Samuel A Nutile
- School of Science, Pennsylvania State University, The Behrend College, Erie, PA, 16563, USA
| | - Olivia C Hodgson
- School of Science, Pennsylvania State University, The Behrend College, Erie, PA, 16563, USA
| | - Ashley E Russell
- School of Science, Pennsylvania State University, The Behrend College, Erie, PA, 16563, USA
| | - Jeremiah D Keyes
- School of Science, Pennsylvania State University, The Behrend College, Erie, PA, 16563, USA
| | - Cody C Wood
- School of Science, Pennsylvania State University, The Behrend College, Erie, PA, 16563, USA
| | - Ronald J Buckanovich
- Women's Cancer Research Center, Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Eghbaljoo H, Rezvani Ghalhari M, Shariatifar N, Jahed Khaniki G, Molaee Aghaee E, Alizadeh Sani M, Mansouri E, Arabameri M. Analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in edible oils using the QuEChERS/GC-MS method: A health risk assessment study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21317. [PMID: 37954364 PMCID: PMC10632704 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Population growth has made it difficult to provide safe food; because various toxic substances such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) can contaminate food products such as edible oils which have very high-rate consumption worldwide. Aims of study are to determine the concentration of PCBs in edible oil samples and to evaluate the carcinogenic risk of PCBs in them among Iranian people by Monte Calo Simulation (MCS). After finding the location of high customer hyper market in Tehran, 42 samples of 7 various types of edible oils were collected; then PCBs content of them measured using the modified QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) extraction method and GC/MS technique. According to the findings the mean level of NDL-PCB in oil samples were ranged from 1.88 to 25.62 ng/g fat. Results of uncertainty analysis showed that among children the 95th percentile of Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) were 7.80E-3, 5.37E-4, 5.37E-4, 2.00E-3, 1.59E-3, 13.9E-3 and 7.04E-4 for animal oil, corn oil, frying oil, olive oil, bran oil, sesame oil and sunflower oil, respectively. Also, the 95th percentile of ILCR among adults were 4.12E-2, 3.04E-3, 3.09E-3, 1.06E-2, 8.43E-3, 7.38E-3 and 3.74E-3 for animal oil, corn oil, frying oil, olive oil, bran oil, sesame oil and sunflower oil, respectively. The risk evaluation showed that in all edible oils the 95th percentile of simulated ILCR were more than 10-5, so it can be threatening health among both aging groups, although, the producers don't deliberately subject the users' lives to such danger, but high consumption rate and accumulation of PCBs in body tissues are contribute to increasing carcinogenic risk. Also, the 95th percentile of ILCR among adults were more than children, because the edible oil ingestion rate among adults was more than children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Eghbaljoo
- Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rezvani Ghalhari
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nabi Shariatifar
- Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Jahed Khaniki
- Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Molaee Aghaee
- Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Alizadeh Sani
- Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Mansouri
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Arabameri
- Food Safety Research Center (salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Torres-Moreno AC, Mejia-Grau K, Puente-DelaCruz L, Codling G, Villa AL, Ríos-Marquez O, Patequiva-Chauta L, Cobo M, Johnson-Restrepo B. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in human breast milk from Colombia: A probabilistic risk assessment approach. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139597. [PMID: 37487977 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants. They were produced in relatively large volumes in the last century and are now subject to long-term monitoring and regulated under the United Nations Stockholm Convention (SC) on persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Though restricted, human exposure is still a concern and in some regions of the globe the information on the health risk is limited. Sixty breast milk samples from nursing mothers were collected between 2014 and 2015, residing in Bogota, Cartagena, and Medellin, which are industrialized cities in Colombia. This is the first comprehensive study to determine the concentrations in breast milk of PBDEs (n = 7), PCBs (n = 29), and OCPs (n = 28) in Colombia. The detection frequency of POPs, including BDE-47, CB-138, CB-153, CB-156, and CB-180, as well as several OCPs such as chloroneb, aldrins, HCHs, DDTs, and heptachlor, was found to be 100% in all samples tested. The mean concentrations of the analyzed legacy POPs were ∑3DDTs (423 ng/g lw) > chloroneb (50.1 ng/g lw) > ∑2permetrins (17.5 ng/g lw) > ∑2aldrins (16.7 ng/g lw) > 29 PCBs (15.04 ng/g lw) > ∑2chlordanes (CHLs) (11.2 ng/g lw) ≈ ∑3endosulfans (11.1 ng/g lw) > ∑2heptachlors (2.43 ng/g lw) > 7PBDEs (2.1 ng/g lw) > ∑4HCHs (0.58 ng/g lw). The results of this study suggest that the concentrations of DDTs were present in breast milk samples from Colombia at levels comparable to those found in previous studies conducted in other countries such as Brazil, Uruguay, Chile, and various Asian countries. The concentrations of PBDE and PCB congeners, as well as many pesticides, were found to be significantly correlated with each other. This suggests that these substances may have similar sources of exposure. The strength of the pair correlation among concentrations of POPs was assessed using Spearman's correlation coefficients, which varied from r = 0.62 for the association between BDE-47 and CB-153, to a high correlation of 0.99 for the correlation between γ-Chlordane and heptachlor. This suggests that these POPs may share similar sources, such as diet. An exposure assessment model obtained by Monte Carlo simulation showed that infants were exposed to low concentrations of POPs with exception of p,p'-DDE and Aldrin, in which 25th, 50th and 95th percentiles were greater than the threshold reference values of non-carcinogenic effects suggested by US-EPA regulations while the 90th percentile of pg TEQ/Kg-bw/day for dl-PCBs was above of the tolerable daily intake (TDI) proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO). Therefore, the health risk of infants exposed to OCPs and dl-PCBs should be exanimated continually through biomonitoring programs in the Colombian population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana C Torres-Moreno
- Environmental Chemistry Research Group, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Campus of San Pablo, University of Cartagena. Zaragocilla, Carrera 50 No. 24-99, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Karen Mejia-Grau
- Environmental Chemistry Research Group, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Campus of San Pablo, University of Cartagena. Zaragocilla, Carrera 50 No. 24-99, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Laura Puente-DelaCruz
- Environmental Chemistry Research Group, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Campus of San Pablo, University of Cartagena. Zaragocilla, Carrera 50 No. 24-99, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Garry Codling
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University. Kotlářská 267/2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic; Centre for Resilience in Environment, Water and Waste (CREWW), Exeter University, Exeter, UK
| | - Aída Luz Villa
- Environmental Catalysis Research Group, Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Oscar Ríos-Marquez
- Environmental Catalysis Research Group, Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Laura Patequiva-Chauta
- Energy, Materials and Environment Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de La Sabana, Campus Universitario Puente Del Común, Km. 7 Autopista Norte, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Martha Cobo
- Energy, Materials and Environment Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de La Sabana, Campus Universitario Puente Del Común, Km. 7 Autopista Norte, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Boris Johnson-Restrepo
- Environmental Chemistry Research Group, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Campus of San Pablo, University of Cartagena. Zaragocilla, Carrera 50 No. 24-99, Cartagena, Colombia.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rengelshausen J, Randerath I, Schettgen T, Esser A, Kaifie A, Lang J, Kraus T, Ziegler P. Ten years after: findings from the medical surveillance program on Health Effects in High-Level Exposure to PCB (HELPcB). Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:2609-2623. [PMID: 37594590 PMCID: PMC10474999 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03578-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
After the detection of high environmental and occupational exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in a German recycling company for transformers and capacitors in 2010, the multidisciplinary medical surveillance program "HELPcB" (Health Effects in High-Level Exposure to PCB) was established for former PCB-exposed workers of the company, their family members, employees of surrounding companies, and area residents to investigate potential adverse health effects by PCB exposure in a longitudinal study approach with up to seven examination time points between 2010 and 2019. More than 300 individuals were enrolled into the program. Assessments particularly included plasma and urine concentrations of PCB congeners and their metabolites, clinical laboratory parameters, Comet assay, analysis of telomere length, neuropsychological examinations, psychological screening, abdominal and thyroid ultrasound examination. This review summarizes the main results of the studies conducted in the HELPcB program yielding relevant new data on potential adverse effects of PCB exposure in humans and potential mechanisms that underlie these effects. Even larger studies in PCB-exposed individuals are warranted to confirm the results of this program and to further establish causality between PCB exposure and clinical effects in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Rengelshausen
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Isabella Randerath
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schettgen
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andre Esser
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrea Kaifie
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jessica Lang
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Kraus
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Patrick Ziegler
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Brennan E, Butler AE, Drage DS, Sathyapalan T, Atkin SL. Serum polychlorinated biphenyl levels and circulating miRNAs in non-obese women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1233484. [PMID: 37790603 PMCID: PMC10544902 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1233484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organic lipophilic pollutants that accumulate through diet and increase with age, have been associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and shown to affect microRNA (miRNA) expression. This work aimed to determine if PCBs were associated with circulating miRNAs and whether there were any correlations with serum PCB/miRNA levels and hormonal changes. Methods 29 non-obese PCOS and 29 healthy control women, with similar age and body mass index (BMI), had their serum miRNAs measured together with 7 indicator PCBs (PCB28, PCB52, PCB101, PCB118, PCB138, PCB153, PCB180) using high resolution gas chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry. Results In the combined study cohort, four miRNAs (hsa-miR-139-5p, hsa-miR-424-5p, hsa-miR-195-5p, hsa-miR-335-5p) correlated with PCBs, but none correlated with metabolic parameters. hsa-miR-335-5p correlated with FSH. When stratified, 25 miRNAs correlated with PCBs in controls compared to only one (hsa-miR-193a-5p) in PCOS; none of these miRNAs correlated with the metabolic parameters of BMI, insulin resistance, or inflammation (C-reactive protein, CRP). However, of these 25 miRNAs in controls, hsa-miR-26a-5p, hsa-miR-193a-5p, hsa-miR-2110 and hsa-miR-195-5p positively correlated with luteinizing hormone (LH), hsa-miR-99b-5p and hsa-miR-146b-5p correlated with estradiol, hsa-miR-193a-5p correlated with progesterone, hsa-miR-195-5p correlated with follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and hsa-miR-139-5p and hsa-miR-146b-5p negatively correlated with anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) (all p<0.05). hsa-miR-193a-5p in PCOS cases correlated with estradiol. Conclusion In this cohort of women, with no difference in age and BMI, and with similar PCB levels, the miRNAs correlating to PCBs associated with menstrual cycle factors in healthy menstruating controls versus the anovulatory PCOS subjects. The PCB-associated miRNAs did not correlate with non-reproductive hormonal and metabolic parameters. This suggests that PCB effects on miRNAs may result in changes to the hypothalamo-ovarian axis that may thus affect fertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edwina Brennan
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland-Medical University of Bahrain, Busaiteen, Bahrain
| | - Alexandra E. Butler
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland-Medical University of Bahrain, Busaiteen, Bahrain
| | - Daniel S. Drage
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Stephen L. Atkin
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland-Medical University of Bahrain, Busaiteen, Bahrain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lee F, Gallo MV, Schell LM, Jennings J, Lawrence DA, On The Environment ATF. Exposure of Akwesasne Mohawk women to polychlorinated biphenyls and hexachlorobenzene is associated with increased serum levels of thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2023; 86:597-613. [PMID: 37335069 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2226685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p'-DDT) were reported to influence immunological activity. As endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC), these pollutants may disrupt normal thyroid function and act as catalysts for development of autoimmune thyroid disease by directly and indirectly affecting levels of thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAbs). Native American communities are disproportionately exposed to harmful toxicants and are at an increased risk of developing an autoimmune disease. The aim of this study was to determine the association between POPs and TPOAbs in serum obtained from Native American women. This assessment was used to measure whether increased risk of autoimmune thyroid disease occurred as a result of exposure to POPs. Data were collected from 183 Akwesasne Mohawk women, 21-38 years of age, between 2009 and 2013. Multivariate analyses were conducted to determine the association between toxicant exposure and levels of TPOAbs. In multiple logistic regression analyses, exposure to PCB congener 33 was related to elevated risk of individuals possessing above normal levels of TPOAbs. Further, HCB was associated with more than 2-fold higher risk of possessing above normal levels of TPOAbs compared to women with normal levels of TPOAbs. p,p'-DDE was not associated with TPOAb levels within this study. Exposure to PCB congener 33 and HCB was correlated with above normal levels of TPOAbs, a marker of autoimmune thyroid disease. Additional investigations are needed to establish the causes and factors surrounding autoimmune thyroid disease which are multiple and complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florence Lee
- Department of Anthropology, University at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Mia V Gallo
- Department of Anthropology, University at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
- Center for the Elimination of Minority Health Disparities, University at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Lawrence M Schell
- Department of Anthropology, University at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
- Center for the Elimination of Minority Health Disparities, University at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Julia Jennings
- Department of Anthropology, University at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - David A Lawrence
- Wadsworth Center/New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
- Biomedical Sciences and Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tan Q, Yang S, Wang B, Wang M, Yu L, Liang R, Liu W, Song J, Guo Y, Zhou M, Chen W. Gene-environment interaction in long-term effects of polychlorinated biphenyls exposure on glucose homeostasis and type 2 diabetes: The modifying effects of genetic risk and lifestyle. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 457:131757. [PMID: 37276697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The longitudinal relationships of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) exposure with glucose homeostasis and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk among Chinese population have not been assessed, and interactions of PCB exposure with genetic susceptibility and lifestyle are unclear. In this prospective cohort study, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and insulin (FPI) and seven serum indicator-PCBs were measured for each participant. We constructed polygenic risk score (PRS) of T2D and healthy lifestyle score. Each 1-unit increment of ln-transformed PCB-118 was related with a 0.141 mmol/L, 11.410 pmol/L, 0.661, and 74.5% increase in FPG, FPI, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and incident T2D risk over 6 years, respectively. Each 1-unit increment in T2D-PRS was related with a 0.169 mmol/L elevation of FPG and 65.5% elevation of incident T2D risk during 6 years. Compared with participants who had low T2D-PRS and low PCB-118, participants with high T2D-PRS and high PCB-118 showed a significant increase in FPG (0.162 mmol/L; P for interaction <0.001) and incident T2D risk [hazard ratio (HR)= 2.222]. Participants with low PCB-118, low PRS, and healthy lifestyle had the lowest incident T2D risk (HR=0.232). Our findings highlighted the significance of reducing PCB exposure and improvement in lifestyle for T2D prevention and management, especially for individuals with higher genetic risk of T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiyou Tan
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Shijie Yang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Mengyi Wang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Linling Yu
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Ruyi Liang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Jiahao Song
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Yanjun Guo
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Weihong Chen
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sprong C, Te Biesebeek JD, Chatterjee M, Wolterink G, van den Brand A, Blaznik U, Christodoulou D, Crépet A, Hamborg Jensen B, Sokolić D, Rauscher-Gabernig E, Ruprich J, Kortenkamp A, van Klaveren J. A case study of neurodevelopmental risks from combined exposures to lead, methyl-mercury, inorganic arsenic, polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and fluoride. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 251:114167. [PMID: 37149958 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We performed a mixture risk assessment (MRA) case study of dietary exposure to the food contaminants lead, methylmercury, inorganic arsenic (iAs), fluoride, non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (NDL-PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), all substances associated with declines in cognitive abilities measured as IQ loss. Most of these chemicals are frequently measured in human biomonitoring studies. A component-based, personalised modified reference point index (mRPI) approach, in which we expressed the exposures and potencies of our chosen substances as lead equivalent values, was applied to perform a MRA for dietary exposures. We conducted the assessment for four different age groups (toddlers, children, adolescents, and women aged 18-45 years) in nine European countries. Populations in all countries considered exceeded combined tolerable levels at median exposure levels. NDL-PCBs in fish, other seafood and dairy, lead in grains and fruits, methylmercury in fish and other seafoods, and fluoride in water contributed most to the combined exposure. We identified uncertainties for the likelihood of co-exposure, assessment group membership, endpoint-specific reference values (ESRVs) based on epidemiological (lead, methylmercury, iAs, fluoride and NDL-PCBs) and animal data (PBDE), and exposure data. Those uncertainties lead to a complex pattern of under- and overestimations, which would require probabilistic modelling based on expert knowledge elicitation for integration of the identified uncertainties into an overall uncertainty estimate. In addition, the identified uncertainties could be used to refine future MRA for cognitive decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Sprong
- RIVM, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, PO Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Jan Dirk Te Biesebeek
- RIVM, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, PO Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Mousumi Chatterjee
- Brunel University London, Centre for Pollution Research and Policy, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Gerrit Wolterink
- RIVM, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, PO Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Annick van den Brand
- RIVM, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, PO Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Urska Blaznik
- National Institute of Public Health, Environmental Health Centre, Trubarjeva 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Amélie Crépet
- ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Risk Assessment Department, Methodology and Studies Unit, 947001, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Bodil Hamborg Jensen
- Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute, Research group for Chemical Risk Assessment and GMO, Kemitorvet, Building 201, DK 2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Darja Sokolić
- HAPIH, Croatian Agency for Agriculture and Food, Vinkovačka cesta 63C, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Elke Rauscher-Gabernig
- AGES, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Spargelfeldstraße 191, 1220, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jiri Ruprich
- National Institute of Public Health in Prague, Centre for Health, Nutrition and Food, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andreas Kortenkamp
- Brunel University London, Centre for Pollution Research and Policy, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob van Klaveren
- RIVM, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, PO Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
East A, Dawson DE, Brady S, Vallero DA, Tornero-Velez R. A Scoping Assessment of Implemented Toxicokinetic Models of Per- and Polyfluoro-Alkyl Substances, with a Focus on One-Compartment Models. TOXICS 2023; 11:163. [PMID: 36851038 PMCID: PMC9964825 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Toxicokinetic (TK) models have been used for decades to estimate concentrations of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in serum. However, model complexity has varied across studies depending on the application and the state of the science. This scoping effort seeks to systematically map the current landscape of PFAS TK models by categorizing different trends and similarities across model type, PFAS, and use scenario. A literature review using Web of Science and SWIFT-Review was used to identify TK models used for PFAS. The assessment covered publications from 2005-2020. PFOA, the PFAS for which most models were designed, was included in 69 of the 92 papers, followed by PFOS with 60, PFHxS with 22, and PFNA with 15. Only 4 of the 92 papers did not include analysis of PFOA, PFOS, PFNA, or PFHxS. Within the corpus, 50 papers contained a one-compartment model, 17 two-compartment models were found, and 33 used physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBTK) models. The scoping assessment suggests that scientific interest has centered around two chemicals-PFOA and PFOS-and most analyses use one-compartment models in human exposure scenarios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander East
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
- Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
- ToxStrategies LLC, 31B College Place, Asheville, NC 28801, USA
| | - Daniel E. Dawson
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Sydney Brady
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
- Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Daniel A. Vallero
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Rogelio Tornero-Velez
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Buha Djordjevic A, Milovanovic V, Curcic M, Antonijevic Miljakovic E, Bulat Z, Djukic-Cosic D, Jankovic S, Vučinić S, Hayes AW, Antonijevic B. New insight into the perplexing toxic features of PCBs: A study of nephrotoxicity in an animal model. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 217:114829. [PMID: 36410460 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of PCBs on the rat kidneys with attention given to the determination critical effect dose (CED) using the Benchmark dose (BMD) approach. Male albino Wistar rats (7 animals per group) were given by oral gavage Aroclor 1254 dissolved in corn oil at doses of 0.0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 mg/kg b.w./day for 28 days. The PCB nephrotoxicity was manifested by a dose-dependent changes in serum urea levels. The study has also revealed PCB-induced oxidative stress induction in kidneys. The observed nephrotoxic effects can be partly explained by oxidative damage of lipids and proteins in the kidneys due to observed reduced CuZnSOD activity and disturbances in antioxidant protection. Аll the renal oxidative stress parameters showed dependence on PCB oral doses as well as internal, measure kidney PCB levels. Calculated BMDL values were lower than estimated no observed adverse effect levels (NOAEL) based on the study, suggesting the importance of BMD approach use in future risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Buha Djordjevic
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović," University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Serbia.
| | - Vesna Milovanovic
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović," University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Serbia
| | - Marijana Curcic
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović," University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Serbia
| | | | - Zorica Bulat
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović," University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Serbia
| | - Danijela Djukic-Cosic
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović," University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Serbia
| | - Sasa Jankovic
- Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slavica Vučinić
- National Poison Contol Centre, Military Medical Academy, USA
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Biljana Antonijevic
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović," University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hammel SC, Andersen HV, Knudsen LE, Frederiksen M. Inhalation and dermal absorption as dominant pathways of PCB exposure for residents of contaminated apartment buildings. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 247:114056. [PMID: 36395656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.114056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Applications of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in buildings and their persistence in indoor environments have led to cases of current and highly elevated exposure in humans, despite the global cease of production decades ago. Personal exposure to PCBs was assessed among residents in a social housing estate in Denmark containing both contaminated (n = 67) and non-contaminated (n = 23) apartments. Samples and estimated daily intakes (EDIs) were assessed for 15 PCB congeners, and body burden, which was limited by the dietary data availability, was compared across 7 indicator PCBs, with its sum (PCBsum7) often applied in European regulation of PCBs. Median PCBsum7 EDI across measured pathways for exposed residents was 101 ng· (kg bodyweight)-1· day-1, with the majority of exposure (60%) coming from inhalation of contaminated indoor air. Calculated from both PCBs measured in indoor air and on hand wipes, dermal absorption estimates showed comparable results and served as a secondary exposure pathway, accounting for 35% of personal exposure and considering selected assumptions and sources of physical-chemical parameters. Estimates revealed that diet was the primary PCB source among the reference group, accounting for over 75% of the PCBsum7 EDI across exposure routes. When evaluating overall EDIs across the two study groups and including dietary estimates, PCB exposure among exposed residents was around 10 times higher than the reference group. Solely within the exposed population, pathway-specific body burdens were calculated to account for exposure across years of residence in contaminated apartments, where lower chlorinated PCBs were dominant in indoor air. Among these dominant congeners, estimated body burdens of PCB-28 and -52 were significantly correlated with measured serum (rs = 0.49, 0.45; p < 0.001). This study demonstrates that inhalation and dermal absorption serve as dominant exposure pathways for residents of apartments contaminated with predominantly lower chlorinated PCBs and suggest that predictions of body burden from indoor environment measurements may be comparable to measured serum PCBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C Hammel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Helle Vibeke Andersen
- Department of the Built Environment, Aalborg University, A.C. Meyers Vænge 15, 2400, Copenhagen SV, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth E Knudsen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, 1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Marie Frederiksen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Krawczyk K, Marynowicz W, Pich K, Jedruch O, Kania G, Gogola-Mruk J, Tworzydlo W, Polanski Z, Ptak A. Persistent organic pollutants affect steroidogenic and apoptotic activities in granulosa cells and reactive oxygen species concentrations in oocytes in the mouse. Reprod Fertil Dev 2023; 35:294-305. [PMID: 36403477 DOI: 10.1071/rd21326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT The destruction of granulosa cells (GCs), the main functional cell type in the ovary, prevents steroid hormone production, which in turn may damage oocytes, resulting in ovarian failure. The accumulation of a number of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the ovarian follicular fluid (FF) has been documented, which raises serious questions regarding their impact on female fertility. AIMS We aimed to determine whether a mixture of POPs reflecting the profile found in FF influences mouse GCs or oocyte function and viability. METHODS A mixture of POPs, comprising perfluorooctanoate, perfluorooctane sulfonate, 2,2-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, polychlorinated biphenyl 153, and hexachlorobenzene, was used. In addition to using the exact concentration of POPs previously measured in human FF, we tested two other mixtures, one with10-fold lower and another with 10-fold higher concentrations of each POP. KEY RESULTS Steroidogenesis was disrupted in GCs by the POP mixture, as demonstrated by lower oestradiol and progesterone secretion and greater lipid droplet accumulation. Furthermore, the POP mixture reduced GC viability and increased apoptosis, assessed using caspase-3 activity. The POP mixture significantly increased the number of oocytes that successfully progressed to the second meiotic metaphase and the oocyte reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration. CONCLUSIONS Thus, a mixture of POPs that are typically present in human FF has detrimental effects on ovarian function: it reduces the viability of GCs, and increases the oocyte concentrations of ROS. IMPLICATIONS These results indicate that chronic exposure to POPs adversely affects female reproductive health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Krawczyk
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Weronika Marynowicz
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Karolina Pich
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Oliwia Jedruch
- Laboratory of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Gabriela Kania
- Laboratory of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Justyna Gogola-Mruk
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Waclaw Tworzydlo
- Department of Developmental Biology and Invertebrate Morphology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Polanski
- Laboratory of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Ptak
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Najjar A, Ellison CA, Gregoire S, Hewitt NJ. Practical application of the interim internal threshold of toxicological concern (iTTC): a case study based on clinical data. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:155-164. [PMID: 36149470 PMCID: PMC9816204 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03371-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We present a case study that provides a practical step-by-step example of how the internal Threshold of Toxicological Concern (iTTC) can be used as a tool to refine a TTC-based assessment for dermal exposures to consumer products. The case study uses a theoretical scenario where there are no systemic toxicity data for the case study chemicals (avobenzone, oxybenzone, octocrylene, homosalate, octisalate, octinoxate, and ecamsule). Human dermal pharmacokinetic data following single and repeat dermal exposure to products containing the case study chemicals were obtained from data published by the US FDA. The clinical studies utilized an application procedure that followed maximal use conditions (product applied as 2 mg/cm2 to 75% of the body surface area, 4 times a day). The case study chemicals were first reviewed to determine if they were in the applicability domain of the iTTC, and then, the human plasma concentrations were compared to an iTTC limit of 1 µM. When assessed under maximum usage, the external exposure of all chemicals exceeded the external dose TTC limits. By contrast, the internal exposure to all chemicals, except oxybenzone, was an order of magnitude lower than the 1 µM interim iTTC threshold. This work highlights the importance of understanding internal exposure relative to external dose and how the iTTC can be a valuable tool for assessing low-level internal exposures; additionally, the work demonstrates how to use an iTTC, and highlights considerations and refinement opportunities for the approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Corie A Ellison
- The Procter & Gamble Company, 8700 Mason Montgomery Road, Cincinnati, OH, 45040, USA.
| | - Sebastien Gregoire
- L'Oreal Research & Innovation, 1, Avenue Eugène Schueller, 93601, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Nicola J Hewitt
- Cosmetics Europe, Avenue Herrmann-Debroux 40, 1160, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Li Y, Zhang T, Cheng Z, Zhang Q, Yang M, Zhao L, Zhang S, Lu Y, Sun H, Wang L. Direct evidence on occurrence of emerging liquid crystal monomers in human serum from E-waste dismantling workers: Implication for intake assessment. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 169:107535. [PMID: 36152360 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) are widely used chemicals and ubiquitous emerging organic pollutants in the environment, some of which have persistent, bio-accumulative, and toxic potentials. Elevated levels of LCMs have been found in the e-waste dismantling associated areas. However, information on their internal exposure bio-monitoring is scarce. For the first time, occurrences of LCMs were observed in the serum samples of occupational workers (n = 85) from an e-waste dismantling area in South China. Twenty-nine LCMs were detected in serum samples of the workers, with a median value of 35.2 ng/mL (range: 7.78-276 ng/mL). Eight noticed LCMs were found to have relatively high detection frequencies ranging from 52.9% to 96.5%. The correlation analysis of individual LCMs indicated potential common applications and similar sources to the LCMs in occupational workers. Fluorinated LCMs were identified as the predominant monomers in the workers. Additionally, the estimated daily intake of the LCMs in the occupational workers was significantly higher than those in residents from the reference areas (p < 0.05, Mann-Whitney U Test, median values: 1.46 ng/kg bw/day versus 0.40 ng/kg bw/day), indicating a substantially higher exposure level to e-waste dismantling workers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhe Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135 Xingang West Street, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhipeng Cheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Qianru Zhang
- Institute of Agriculture Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Ming Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Leicheng Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Shaohan Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yuan Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lei Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ermler S, Kortenkamp A. Systematic review of associations of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure with declining semen quality in support of the derivation of reference doses for mixture risk assessments. Environ Health 2022; 21:94. [PMID: 36217156 PMCID: PMC9552438 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00904-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mixture risk assessments require reference doses for common health endpoints of all the chemicals to be considered together. In support of a mixture risk assessment for male reproductive health, we conducted a systematic review of the literature on associations between exposures to Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and declines in semen quality. PCBs can act as Aryl-hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR)-agonists and Androgen Receptor (AR)-antagonists, both mechanisms which can affect sperm parameters. PCBs and other AR-antagonists can produce additive combination effects. Based on these observations our objective was to systematically gather data from animal and human studies to derive a reference dose for declines in semen quality for individual PCB. METHODS We systematically reviewed and evaluated the evidence in human epidemiological and experimental animal studies on associations between PCBs and deteriorations in semen quality. Human data and findings from animal studies with PCB mixtures were considered as supporting evidence. Information for individual congeners from animal studies was required for inclusion in mixture risk assessment. Using a robust confidence rating approach, we identified suitable studies to derive reference doses for individual PCB congeners. RESULTS Evaluation of human epidemiological studies revealed several reports of adverse effects on sperm parameters linked to PCB exposures, although some studies reported improved semen quality. Our review of experimental animal studies found that treatments with PCBs affected semen quality, in most cases adversely. We found robust evidence that PCB-118 and -169 were linked to declines in semen quality. Evidence for adverse effects of PCB-126, -132, -149, and -153 was moderate, whereas for PCB-77 it was slight and for PCB-180 indeterminate. Using widely accepted risk assessment procedures, we estimated reference dose values of 0.0029 µg/kg/day for PCB-118 and 0.00533 µg/kg/day for PCB-169. In addition, we derived values for PCB-126: 0.000073 µg/kg/day, PCB-132: 0.0228 µg/kg/day, PCB-149: 0.656 µg/kg/day, and PCB-153: 0.0058 µg/kg/day. CONCLUSIONS We found robust evidence for links between PCB exposure and deteriorations in semen quality, and derived reference doses for a set of congeners. We intend to use these values in combination with congener-specific exposure data in a mixture risk assessment for declines in semen quality, involving several other antiandrogenic chemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sibylle Ermler
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Centre for Pollution Research and Policy, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK.
| | - Andreas Kortenkamp
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Centre for Pollution Research and Policy, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Deen L, Hougaard KS, Clark A, Meyer HW, Frederiksen M, Gunnarsen L, Andersen HV, Hougaard T, Petersen KKU, Ebbehøj NE, Bonde JP, Tøttenborg SS. Cancer Risk following Residential Exposure to Airborne Polychlorinated Biphenyls: A Danish Register-Based Cohort Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2022; 130:107003. [PMID: 36306207 PMCID: PMC9616107 DOI: 10.1289/ehp10605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are biopersistent chemicals classified as human carcinogens. This classification is primarily based on evidence on higher-chlorinated PCBs found in food. The carcinogenic potential of airborne lower-chlorinated PCBs remains largely unexplored. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate cancer risk following residential exposure to airborne PCBs. METHODS Cancer risk was examined in the Health Effects of PCBs in Indoor Air (HESPAIR) cohort of 38,613 residents of two partly PCB-contaminated residential areas in Greater Copenhagen, identified by nationwide registries. PCB exposure was based on relocation dates and indoor air PCB measurements in subsets of apartments. Cancer diagnoses were extracted from the Danish Cancer Registry for the follow-up period of 1970-2018. We estimated adjusted hazard ratios with time-varying cumulative exposure and a 10-y lag using Cox regression. RESULTS Overall risk of cancer was not associated with PCByear, [hazard ratio (HR) for high-exposed vs. low-exposed =0.98; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.88, 1.09], but residents exposed to ≥3,000 ng/m3 PCB×year had higher risk of liver cancer (HR =2.81; 95% CI: 1.28, 6.15) and meningiomas (HR =3.49; 95% CI: 1.84, 6.64), with indications of exposure-response relationships. Results were suggestive of a higher risk of pancreatic cancer (HR =1.59; 95% CI: 0.95, 2.64) at the highest aggregated PCB level. For testis cancer, a higher risk was observed among residents exposed to 300-949 ng/m3 PCB×year relative to residents exposed to <300 ng/m3 PCB×year (HR =2.97; 95% CI: 1.41, 6.28), but the risk was not higher for residents exposed to ≥950 ng/m3 PCB×year. Apart from this, the risk of specific cancers was similar across exposure groups. DISCUSSION In this, to our knowledge, first population-based cohort study of residential exposure to airborne PCBs, we found no association between exposure to PCBs in indoor air in private homes and the risk for most of the specific cancers. Higher risk of liver cancer and meningiomas were observed. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10605.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Deen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karin Sørig Hougaard
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alice Clark
- Department of Epidemiology, Novo Nordisk, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Harald William Meyer
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Frederiksen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Gunnarsen
- Department of the Built Environment, Aalborg University Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle Vibeke Andersen
- Department of the Built Environment, Aalborg University Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Kajsa Kirstine Ugelvig Petersen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Erik Ebbehøj
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Peter Bonde
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sandra Søgaard Tøttenborg
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kapraun DF, Zurlinden TJ, Verner MA, Chiang C, Dzierlenga MW, Carlson LM, Schlosser PM, Lehmann GM. A Generic Pharmacokinetic Model for Quantifying Mother-to-Offspring Transfer of Lipophilic Persistent Environmental Chemicals. Toxicol Sci 2022; 189:155-174. [PMID: 35951756 PMCID: PMC9713949 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipophilic persistent environmental chemicals (LPECs) can accumulate in a woman's body and transfer to her developing child across the placenta and via breast milk. To assess health risks associated with developmental exposures to LPECs, we developed a pharmacokinetic (PK) model that quantifies mother-to-offspring transfer of LPECs during pregnancy and lactation and facilitates internal dosimetry calculations for offspring. We parameterized the model for mice, rats, and humans using time-varying functions for body mass and milk consumption rates. The only required substance-specific parameter is the elimination half-life of the LPEC in the animal species of interest. We used the model to estimate whole-body concentrations in mothers and offspring following maternal exposures to hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 153) and compared these with measured concentrations from animal studies. We also compared estimated concentrations for humans to those generated using a previously published human LPEC PK model. Finally, we compared human equivalent doses (HEDs) calculated using our model and an allometric scaling method. Estimated and observed whole-body concentrations of HCB and PCB 153 in offspring followed similar trends and differed by less than 60%. Simulations of human exposure yielded concentration estimates comparable to those generated using the previously published model, with concentrations in offspring differing by less than 12%. HEDs calculated using our PK model were about 2 orders of magnitude lower than those generated using allometric scaling. Our PK model can be used to calculate internal dose metrics for offspring and corresponding HEDs and thus informs assessment of developmental toxicity risks associated with LPECs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dustin F. Kapraun
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Todd J. Zurlinden
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Marc-André Verner
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1A8, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique, Université de Montréal and CIUSSS Du Centre-Sud-de-l’île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3N 1X7, Canada
| | - Catheryne Chiang
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Michael W. Dzierlenga
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Laura M. Carlson
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Paul M. Schlosser
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Geniece M. Lehmann
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhuo H, Huang H, Sjodin A, Jin L, Ma S, Denic-Roberts H, Warren JL, Jones R, Davis M, Sun P, Yu H, Ward MH, Udelsman R, Zhang Y, Rusiecki JA. A nested case-control study of serum polychlorinated biphenyls and papillary thyroid cancer risk among U.S. military service members. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113367. [PMID: 35504340 PMCID: PMC9238631 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Although polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were banned decades ago, populations are continuously exposed to PCBs due to their persistence and bioaccumulation/biomagnification in the environment. Results from limited epidemiologic studies linking PCBs to thyroid cancer have been inconclusive. This study aimed to investigate the association between individual PCBs and PCB mixture and papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), the most common thyroid cancer histologic subtype. METHODS We carried out a nested case-control study including 742 histologically confirmed PTC cases diagnosed in 2000-2013 and 742 individually matched controls among U.S. military service members. Pre-diagnostic serum samples that were collected on average nine years before PTC diagnosis were used to measure PCB congeners by gas chromatography isotope dilution high resolution mass spectrometry (GC/ID-HRMS). Conditional logistic regression, Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression were employed to estimate the association between single PCB congeners as well as their mixture and PTC. RESULTS Four PCB congeners (PCB-74, PCB-99, PCB-105, PCB-118) had significant associations and dose-response relationships with increased risk of PTC in single congener models. When considering the effects from all measured PCBs and their potential interactions in the BKMR model, PCB-118 showed positive trends of association with PTC. Increased exposure to the PCB congeners as a mixturewas also associated with an increased risk of PTC in the WQS model, with the mixture dominated by PCB-118, followed by PCB-74 and PCB-99. One PCB congener, PCB-187, showed an inverse trend of association with PTC in the mixture analysis. DISCUSSION This study suggests that exposure to certain PCBs as well as a mixture of PCBs were associated with an increased risk of PTC. The observed association was mainly driven by PCB-118, and to a lesser extent by PCB-74 and PCB-99. The findings warrant further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Zhuo
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Huang Huang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andreas Sjodin
- Persistent Pollutants Biomonitoring Laboratory, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lan Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shuangge Ma
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hristina Denic-Roberts
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), MD, USA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joshua L Warren
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard Jones
- Persistent Pollutants Biomonitoring Laboratory, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mark Davis
- Persistent Pollutants Biomonitoring Laboratory, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Peiyuan Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Herbert Yu
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Hawaii, USA
| | - Mary H Ward
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Robert Udelsman
- Endocrine Neoplasia Institute, Miami Cancer Institute, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Yawei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jennifer A Rusiecki
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Pozo K, Moreira LB, Karaskova P, Přibylová P, Klánová J, de Carvalho MU, Maranho LA, de Souza Abessa DM. Using large amounts of firefighting foams releases per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) into estuarine environments: A baseline study in Latin America. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 182:113938. [PMID: 35905702 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs) used to extinguish a major fire in a petrochemical terminal from the Port of Santos (Brazil). Eight AFFFs from seven known commercial brands and one unknown sample (AFFF-1 to AFFF-8) were evaluated. 17 PFAS were identified and quantified using high performance liquid chromatography (LC/MS). The concentrations of Σ17 PFAS in the AFFFs ranged from 500 to 9000 ng/g, with prevalence of short chain PFAS (~85 %), followed by long chain PFAS. Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), included in the global treaty of the Stockholm Convention, were also detected. We estimated that at least 635.96 g of PFAS were introduced in the estuary, representing a massive input of these substances. This investigation reports the PFAS composition of AFFFs used in firefighting in the GRULAC Region (Group of Latin American and Caribbean countries).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karla Pozo
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic; Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
| | - Lucas Buruaem Moreira
- Research Group on Pollution and Aquatic Ecotoxicology, NEPEA, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, 11330-900 São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - Pavlina Karaskova
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Přibylová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Klánová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Maysa Ueda de Carvalho
- Research Group on Pollution and Aquatic Ecotoxicology, NEPEA, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, 11330-900 São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciane Alves Maranho
- Research Group on Pollution and Aquatic Ecotoxicology, NEPEA, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, 11330-900 São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - Denis Moledo de Souza Abessa
- Research Group on Pollution and Aquatic Ecotoxicology, NEPEA, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, 11330-900 São Vicente, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lee F, Gallo MV, Schell LM. Associations between autoimmune dysfunction and pollutants in Akwesasne Mohawk women: Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and polychlorinated biphenyl exposure. Am J Hum Biol 2022; 34:e23773. [PMID: 35726969 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pollutant exposures, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), have been found to disrupt normal immune function. Native American communities are disproportionately affected by autoimmune dysfunction and are more likely to be exposed to harmful pollutants than the general population. OBJECTIVE To determine the association between autoimmune dysfunction and pollutant exposure levels, this study evaluates the statistical relationship between the presence of autoimmune dysfunction and pollutant exposure. METHODS Information was collected from Akwesasne Mohawk women (n = 182), 21-39 years of age, between 2009 and 2013. Data collection included anthropometric measurements, medical diagnoses of autoimmune disease and symptoms of autoimmune dysfunction in the medical record, and blood draws for measurement of pollutants. Multivariate analyses determined the association between toxicant exposure and autoimmune dysfunction. RESULTS Toxicant p,p'-DDE was positively associated with an almost two-fold risk of autoimmune dysfunction. p,p'-DDE and PCB congeners 32, 136, and 138 were positively associated in a multivariate analysis with an autoimmune diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Pollutant exposures, specifically to p,p'-DDE and some PCB congeners, are common exposures that are associated with autoimmune dysfunction and autoimmune disease, although there are other factors and causes related to autoimmune dysfunction incidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florence Lee
- Department of Anthropology, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Mia V Gallo
- Department of Anthropology, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
- Center for the Elimination of Minority Health Disparities, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Lawrence M Schell
- Department of Anthropology, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
- Center for the Elimination of Minority Health Disparities, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Komprdová K, Domínguez-Romero E, Sharma BM, Komprda J, Melymuk L, Murínová ĽP, Čonka K, Trnovec T, Černá M, Drobná B, Fabišiková A, Sejáková ZS, Scheringer M. Application of a pharmacokinetic model in characterizing sources of polychlorinated biphenyl exposure and determining threshold daily intakes for adverse health effects in infants and toddlers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 830:154734. [PMID: 35337869 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of PCB exposure sources for vulnerable population groups is essential to minimize the health effects of PCB exposure. At the same time, it is important to consolidate the knowledge on threshold intakes of PCBs for infants and toddlers to prevent health effects. We estimated total PCB concentrations from birth to 2 years of age in children from Slovak and Czech populations, which continue to have high PCB concentrations in breast milk. Using a pharmacokinetic (PK) model, we characterized dominant PCB exposure sources and estimated new threshold estimated daily intakes (TEDI) (above which adverse effects cannot be excluded) for postnatal PCB exposure in infants and toddlers. In the PK model, concentrations of seven indicator PCBs in breast milk and cord blood samples from 291 mother-child pairs from the Slovak birth cohort, and 396 breast milk samples from Czech mothers we used, together with their physiological characteristics and PCB concentrations from other exposure sources (food, dust, air). The estimated total PCB concentrations in children's blood at different ages were compared with threshold PCB concentrations of 500, 700 and 1000 ng·glipid-1 in serum proposed by the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES) and the German Environment Agency (UBA), above which possible adverse health effects may be expected. We estimated that up to 20.6% of Slovak children and up to 45.7% of Czech children at two years of age exceeded the threshold value of 700 ng·glipid-1 in blood. Mean TEDIs leading to values of 500 ng·glipid-1 in blood for children up to two years ranged between 110 and 220 ng·kg-1·bw·day-1, varying according to breastfeeding duration. Breast milk and prenatal exposure contributed to 71%-85% of PCBs exposure at two years of age. In contrast, the contributions of PCBs from dust and indoor air were negligible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klára Komprdová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | | | - Brij Mohan Sharma
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Komprda
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Lisa Melymuk
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Ľubica Palkovičová Murínová
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Slovak Medical University, Limbová 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Kamil Čonka
- Department of Toxic Organic Pollutants, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Limbová 12, 833 03 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Tomáš Trnovec
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Slovak Medical University, Limbová 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Milena Černá
- National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Beata Drobná
- Department of Toxic Organic Pollutants, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Limbová 12, 833 03 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Anna Fabišiková
- Department of Toxic Organic Pollutants, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Limbová 12, 833 03 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Zuzana Stachová Sejáková
- Department of Toxic Organic Pollutants, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Limbová 12, 833 03 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Martin Scheringer
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Brennan E, Kumar N, Drage DS, Cunningham TK, Sathyapalan T, Mueller JF, Atkin SL. A case-control study of polychlorinated biphenyl association with metabolic and hormonal outcomes in polycystic ovary syndrome. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, TOXICOLOGY AND CARCINOGENESIS 2022; 40:86-105. [PMID: 35895927 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2022.2043135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a class of environmental pollutants with a long half-life that sequester in fat. Women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) may represent a sensitive subgroup to endogenous exposure to PCBs because of associated weight gain. Seven PCB congeners were compared in age, ethnicity, and BMI matched women with (n = 29) and without (n = 30) PCOS and related to metabolic outcomes, and steroid and thyroid hormone levels. PCB118, PCB138, PCB153, and PCB180 were detected in all serum samples but geometric mean did not differ between cases and controls. PCBs correlated with increasing concentrations of each other (p < .01), increasing age (p < .01) and decreasing lneGFR (p < .05). lnPCB118 correlated with increasing Free-T4 (p = .028). lnPCB158, lnPCB180, and ln∑PCB correlated with increasing lnSHBG (p = .044). In regression modeling, although not significant, PCB118 positively associated with lnSHBG in controls (p = .0504) but not in cases; estradiol inversely associated with PCB138 in controls (p = .055) and ∑PCB in cases (p = .051). No significant associations were observed between metabolic endpoints, and steroid and thyroid hormone levels. The results presented do not suggest the PCOS cases in this cohort are at adverse risk compared to age, ethnicity, and BMI matched controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edwina Brennan
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland-Medical University of Bahrain, Busaiteen, Bahrain
| | - Nitya Kumar
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland-Medical University of Bahrain, Busaiteen, Bahrain
| | - Daniel S Drage
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, Qld, Australia
| | | | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Academic Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, UK
| | - Jochen F Mueller
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, Qld, Australia
| | - Stephen L Atkin
- School of Postgraduate Studies and Research, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland-Medical University of Bahrain, Busaiteen, Bahrain
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Leonard DK, Ryabchuk P, Anwar M, Dastgir S, Junge K, Beller M. A Convenient and Stable Heterogeneous Nickel Catalyst for Hydrodehalogenation of Aryl Halides Using Molecular Hydrogen. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102315. [PMID: 34978382 PMCID: PMC9306955 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodehalogenation is an effective strategy for transforming persistent and potentially toxic organohalides into their more benign congeners. Common methods utilize Pd/C or Raney-nickel as catalysts, which are either expensive or have safety concerns. In this study, a nickel-based catalyst supported on titania (Ni-phen@TiO2 -800) is used as a safe alternative to pyrophoric Raney-nickel. The catalyst is prepared in a straightforward fashion by deposition of nickel(II)/1,10-phenanthroline on titania, followed by pyrolysis. The catalytic material, which was characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, and XPS, consists of nickel nanoparticles covered with N-doped carbon layers. By using design of experiments (DoE), this nanostructured catalyst is found to be proficient for the facile and selective hydrodehalogenation of a diverse range of substrates bearing C-I, C-Br, or C-Cl bonds (>30 examples). The practicality of this catalyst system is demonstrated by the dehalogenation of environmentally hazardous and polyhalogenated substrates atrazine, tetrabromobisphenol A, tetrachlorobenzene, and a polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David K. Leonard
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V.Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Pavel Ryabchuk
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V.Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a18059RostockGermany
- Galapagos NVGeneraal De Wittelaan L11 A32800MechelenBelgium
| | - Muhammad Anwar
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI)Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU)P.O. Box: 34110, Qatar Foundation, Education CityDohaQatar
| | - Sarim Dastgir
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI)Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU)P.O. Box: 34110, Qatar Foundation, Education CityDohaQatar
| | - Kathrin Junge
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V.Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V.Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a18059RostockGermany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Bu Q, Li Q, Zhang H, Wu D, Yu G. Using a fugacity model to determine the degradation rate of typical polycyclic musks in the field: A case study in the North Canal River watershed of Beijing, China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 302:114096. [PMID: 34775339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To quantitate the degradation rate of 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta-[g]-2-benzopyran (HHCB) and 7-acetyl-1,1,3,4,4,6-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (AHTN) under field conditions, a level III fugacity model combined with a least-squares method was used to determine the degradation rate of HHCB and AHTN in the North Canal River watershed of Beijing, China. Model fitting, validation, sensitivity, and uncertainty analyses revealed that the established model was stable and robust. The degradation rates of HHCB and AHTN were 4.16 × 10-3 h-1 (t1/2 = 167 h) and 1.68 × 10-2 h-1 (t1/2 = 41.3 h), respectively. The calculated degradation rates were extrapolated to the Liangshui River, and indicated that the differences between the measured and predicted concentrations were less than 0.32 and 0.34 log units for HHCB and AHTN, respectively. The attenuation rates of HHCB and AHTN were calculated, and the results indicated that degradation was an important yet not the sole contributor to the degradation of the polycyclic musks. Results of uncertainty analyses indicated that the inflow and outflow concentrations of the polycyclic musks in the surface water of each segment strongly influenced the model outputs, followed by environmental factors (water depth and flow rate). It is essential to measure the degradation rate in the field because of the influence of the surrounding environment. The present study reveals the utility of fugacity models to quantify the degradation rate of organic micropollutants in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingwei Bu
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology - Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Qingshan Li
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology - Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Handan Zhang
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology - Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Dongkui Wu
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology - Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Gang Yu
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hsu WH, Zheng Y, Savadatti SS, Liu M, Lewis-Michl EL, Aldous KM, Parsons PJ, Kannan K, Rej R, Wang W, Palmer CD, Wattigney WA, Irvin-Barnwell E, Hwang SA. Biomonitoring of exposure to Great Lakes contaminants among licensed anglers and Burmese refugees in Western New York: Toxic metals and persistent organic pollutants, 2010-2015. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2022; 240:113918. [PMID: 35016143 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.113918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Between 2010 and 2015, the New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH) conducted a biomonitoring program to gather exposure data on Great Lakes contaminants among licensed anglers and Burmese refugees living in western New York who ate locally caught fish. Four hundred and nine adult licensed anglers and 206 adult Burmese refugees participated in this program. Participants provided blood and urine samples and completed a detailed questionnaire. Herein, we present blood metal levels (cadmium, lead, and total mercury) and serum persistent organic pollutant concentrations [polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), and trans-nonachlor]. Multiple linear regression was applied to investigate the associations between analyte concentrations and indicators of fish consumption (locally caught fish meals, store-bought fish meals, and consuming fish/shellfish in the past week). Licensed anglers consumed a median of 16 locally caught fish meals and 22 store-bought fish meals while Burmese refugees consumed a median of 106 locally caught fish meals and 104 store-bought fish/shellfish meals in the past year. Compared to the general U.S. adult population, licensed anglers had higher blood lead and mercury levels; and Burmese refuges had higher blood cadmium, lead, and mercury, and higher serum DDE levels. Eating more locally caught fish was associated with higher blood lead, blood mercury, and serum ∑PCBs concentrations among licensed anglers. Licensed anglers and Burmese refugees who reported fish/shellfish consumption in the past week had elevated blood mercury levels compared with those who reported no consumption. Among licensed anglers, eating more store-bought fish meals was also associated with higher blood mercury levels. As part of the program, NYSDOH staff provided fish advisory outreach and education to all participants on ways to reduce their exposures, make healthier choices of fish to eat, and waters to fish from. Overall, our findings on exposure levels and fish consumption provide information to support the development and implementation of exposure reduction public health actions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Hsiang Hsu
- Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, 12237, USA; Department of Health Policy, Management and Behavior, School of Public Health, The University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12144, USA.
| | - Yue Zheng
- Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, 12237, USA
| | - Sanghamitra S Savadatti
- Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, 12237, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12144, USA
| | - Ming Liu
- Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, 12237, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Lewis-Michl
- Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, 12237, USA
| | - Kenneth M Aldous
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, 12201, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, The University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12144, USA
| | - Patrick J Parsons
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, 12201, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, The University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12144, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, 12201, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, The University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12144, USA
| | - Robert Rej
- Division of Translational Medicine, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, 12201, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, The University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12144, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, 12201, USA
| | - Christopher D Palmer
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, 12201, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, The University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12144, USA
| | - Wendy A Wattigney
- Office of Community Health and Hazard Assessment, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Elizabeth Irvin-Barnwell
- Office of Community Health and Hazard Assessment, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Syni-An Hwang
- Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, 12237, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12144, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
|
34
|
Simeone RM, Howards PP, Anderson E, Jusko TA, Drobná B, Kočan A, Čonka K, Fabišiková A, Murínová ĽP, Canfield RL, Sonneborn D, Wimmerová S, Thevenet-Morrison K, Trnovec T, Hertz-Picciotto I, Šovčíková E. Pre- and postnatal polychlorinated biphenyl exposure and cognitive and behavioral development at age 45 Months in a cohort of Slovak children. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132375. [PMID: 34597632 PMCID: PMC8629853 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Evidence of associations of pre- and postnatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) with cognitive development beyond early childhood is inconsistent. A previous report from this cohort observed adverse associations between early life PCB exposures and infant Bayley scores at age 16 months. The present study examines pre- and postnatal PCB exposures in relation to both behavior and cognitive development at age 45 months. Participants were 472 mother-child pairs residing in an area of eastern Slovakia characterized by environmental contamination with PCBs, which resulted in elevated blood serum concentrations. PCB-153 and PCB-118 concentrations were measured in maternal and in infant 6-, 16-, and 45-month serum samples. At age 45 months, children were administered five subtests of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI-III), and mothers completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Negative binomial and multiple linear regressions were used to estimate PCB-CBCL and PCB-WPPSI-III subtest score associations, respectively. Pre- and postnatal levels of PCB-153 and PCB-118 were not associated with cognitive performance on the WPPSI-III in this cohort. There was some suggestion that higher postnatal PCB concentrations were associated with more sleep problems and feelings of depression and anxiousness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Regina M Simeone
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Penelope P Howards
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Anderson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Todd A Jusko
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Anton Kočan
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Čonka
- Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anna Fabišiková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Dean Sonneborn
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Kelly Thevenet-Morrison
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Pruvost-Couvreur M, Béchaux C, Rivière G, Le Bizec B. Impact of sociodemographic profile, generation and bioaccumulation on lifetime dietary and internal exposures to PCBs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 800:149511. [PMID: 34392223 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants triggering numerous adverse effects. Because they are present in various food, dietary exposure of the population to these contaminants must be estimated to assess the related health risk. However, the classical risk assessment approach allows only short-term estimates of exposure and does not account for dietary changes, evolution of food contaminations and bioaccumulation of PCBs through life. The approach presented here assesses lifetime PCB exposure trajectories according to birth year and individual sociodemographic profiles. Moreover, a physiologically based toxicokinetic model was developed to simulate lifetime PCB plasma concentrations, while considering physiological changes with age. A focus on the long-term impact of breastfeeding is also presented in order to consider the risk related to PCBs and due to the mother-to-child transfer. For example, the exposure of an individual born in 1972 exceeds the critical value of 20 ng PCB/kg bw/day half as often as an individual born in 1932 throughout their lifetime but 13 times more often than an individual born in 2012, according to our simulations. In addition, even if breastfeeding clearly leads to much higher dietary exposures than formula feeding, the long-term impact on PCB body burden remains negligible. Risk assessment related to PCB lifetime trajectories is described and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manon Pruvost-Couvreur
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), INRAE, Oniris, Nantes F-44307, France; Risk Assessment Department, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, 14 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Camille Béchaux
- Risk Assessment Department, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, 14 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Gilles Rivière
- Risk Assessment Department, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, 14 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - Bruno Le Bizec
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), INRAE, Oniris, Nantes F-44307, France
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants and metals and problematic child behavior at 3-5 years of age: a Greenlandic cohort study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22182. [PMID: 34772976 PMCID: PMC8589846 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01580-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
High levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and heavy metals are found in Arctic populations. POP and heavy metals are linked to impaired cognitive development. This study examined associations between prenatal POP and metals exposure and problematic child behavior using the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). POPs and metals were measured in 102 pregnant Greenlandic women. During follow-up at 3–5 years, parents answered an assisted questionnaire including children’s SDQ scores. Associations were analyzed using linear and logistic regression analyses and adjusted for maternal plasma cotinine, educational level and age at delivery. In the adjusted analyses, the medium tertile of hexachlorobenzene (β = 3.06, p = 0.010), β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β = 3.58, p = 0.004) and trans-nonachlor (β = 2.06, p = 0.082) were positively associated with SDQ scores. The continuous cis-nonachlor (OR = 1.09, p = 0.079), dichloro-diphenyl-dichloroethylene (OR = 1.01, p = 0.077), trans-nonachlor (OR = 1.01, p = 0.091), and sum Organochlorine-Pesticides (OR = 1.00, p = 0.094) were positively associated with abnormal SDQ score and the continuous mirex (OR = 1.28, p = 0.096), oxychlordane (OR = 1.04, p = 0.066), and trans-nonachlor (OR = 1.02, p = 0.071) with abnormal hyperactivity score. We found no consistent evidence of associations between polychlorinated biphenyls, perfluoroalkylated substances and heavy metals and problematic behavior. Prenatal organochlorine pesticide exposure associated significantly with problematic behavior in 3–5 year old children.
Collapse
|
37
|
Hofer T, Myhre O, Peltola-Thies J, Hirmann D. Analysis of elimination half-lives in MamTKDB 1.0 related to bioaccumulation: Requirement of repeated administration and blood plasma values underrepresent tissues. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 155:106592. [PMID: 34120007 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
When building the novel public mammalian toxicokinetic database (MamTKDB) we collected and included 3927 elimination half-lives (elimt1/2) for 1407 xenobiotics in various species (rat, human, mouse, dog, monkey, rabbit, cattle, pig, sheep, guinea pig, hamster, horse and goat) with specification of compartment (whole body, organ/tissue, cell type, medium) studied. Here we describe and analyse the collected data in MamTKDB 1.0. Most elimt1/2 are for humans and rats and their data differ in some ways: whereas the rat data are mainly for pesticides, the human data are mainly for pharmaceuticals and environmental contaminants. There are also differences in types of compartments studied and in metabolites followed: human elimt1/2 are mainly whole body based (i.e. based on blood plasma or excretion), animal data are additionally for various organs/tissues, cells or media. Contrary to human studies, animal studies regularly administrate radiolabeled (e.g. 14C) substances and distribution of both parent and eventual metabolites are followed, measuring the radioactivity. In rats, substances had been given through single, preconditioning or repeated administration. Single administration studies dominated, but repeated studies generally had longer elimt1/2 than single or preconditioning studies for which elimt1/2 were similar. Repeated administration studies should better ascertain steady state conditions throughout the body, a process involving time-dependent tissue loading, and the data show that for most substances, repeated studies are required to address bioaccumulation potential. About 65% of the substances in MamTKDB 1.0 fulfilled the octanol-water and octanol-air partitioning-based screening criteria (log Kow > 2 and log Koa > 5) for further bioaccumulation assessment and/or testing, and most of the substances with long elimt1/2 in both humans and rats fulfill these criteria. Of note, however, there are also many chemicals with log Kow > 2 with intermediate or short elimt1/2. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) stand out in that they often have log Koa < 5. Rats are poor toxicokinetic test models for perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) for which pigs (and possibly mice) elimt1/2 data resemble those of humans better. Perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluorinated sulfonic acids (PFSAs) of similar molecular weight had similar elimt1/2 in the species tested. For polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), elimt1/2 increases with the degree of chlorination in humans. In relation to other compartments, blood plasma/serum had among the shortest elimt1/2 in rats and often underrepresent elimt1/2 in tissues. Rat data were divided into 38 compartment (tissue or media) types out of which 20 had sufficient data for correlational tests. In general, there was a strong degree of correlation of rat elimt1/2 in-between most compartments, but there were also exceptions. Surprisingly, the correlation between brain and white fat was relatively weak. Interestingly, several substances or their metabolites bound to haemoglobin in red blood cells. MamTKDB 1.0 allows investigation on how certain chemical characteristics influence elimt1/2 and is a promising database for assessment of bioaccumulation potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Hofer
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222 Skøyen, N-0213 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Oddvar Myhre
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222 Skøyen, N-0213 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Doris Hirmann
- European Chemicals Agency, P.O. Box 400, FI-00121 Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Leijs M, Fietkau K, Merk HF, Schettgen T, Kraus T, Esser A. Upregulation of CCL7, CCL20, CXCL2, IL-1β, IL-6 and MMP-9 in Skin Samples of PCB Exposed Individuals-A Preliminary Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189711. [PMID: 34574641 PMCID: PMC8468641 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are well known immunotoxic and carcinogenic compounds. Although cutaneous symptoms are the hallmark of exposure to these compounds, exact pathophysiologic mechanisms are not well understood. We took skin biopsies from moderately high PCB exposed workers (n = 25) after an informed consent and investigated the expression of immunological markers such as CCL-7, CCL-20, CXCL2, IL-1β and IL-6, as well as the matrix metalloproteinase MMP-9, EPGN and NRF2 by RT-qPCR, and compared expression levels with plasma PCB levels. Statistical analyses showed a significant correlation between CCL-20, CXCL2, IL-6, IL-1β, CCL-7 and MMP-9 and PCB serum levels. EPGN and NRF2 were not correlated to PCB levels in the blood. We found a significant correlation of genes involved in autoimmune, auto-inflammatory and carcinogenesis in skin samples of PCB exposed individuals with elevated plasma PCB levels. Confirmation of these findings needs to be performed in bigger study groups and larger gen-sets, including multiple housekeeping genes. Further study needs to be performed to see whether a chronical exposure to these and similar compounds can cause higher incidence of malignancies and inflammatory disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marike Leijs
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52072 Aachen, Germany; (K.F.); (H.F.M.)
- Department of Dermatology, St. Nikolaus Hospital Eupen, 4700 Eupen, Belgium
- Correspondence:
| | - Katharina Fietkau
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52072 Aachen, Germany; (K.F.); (H.F.M.)
| | - Hans F. Merk
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52072 Aachen, Germany; (K.F.); (H.F.M.)
| | - Thomas Schettgen
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52072 Aachen, Germany; (T.S.); (T.K.); (A.E.)
| | - Thomas Kraus
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52072 Aachen, Germany; (T.S.); (T.K.); (A.E.)
| | - André Esser
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52072 Aachen, Germany; (T.S.); (T.K.); (A.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Fiolet T, Mahamat-Saleh Y, Frenoy P, Kvaskoff M, Romana Mancini F. Background exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and all-cause, cancer-specific, and cardiovascular-specific mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 154:106663. [PMID: 34082240 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a large family of man-made organic, ubiquitous, and persistent contaminants with endocrine-disrupting properties. PCBs have been associated with numerous adverse health effects and were classified as carcinogenic to humans, but their long-term impact on mortality risk in the general population is unknown. OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis in order to assess whether background exposure levels of PCBs increase all-cause and cancer- and cardiovascular-specific mortality risk in the general population. METHODS We searched the Pubmed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases for eligible studies up to 1st of January, 2021. We included cohort and nested-case control studies comparing the lowest vs. the highest background exposure level of PCBs in the general population and reporting data for all-cause mortality and/or cancer-/cardiovascular-specific mortality. Studies reporting occupational and accidental exposures were excluded. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate summary relative risks (SRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity across studies was assessed by I2 statistics, and publication bias both graphically and using Egger's and Begg's tests. Quality of included studies was assessed using the National Toxicology Program/Office of Health Assessment and Translation (NTP/OHAT). Confidence in the body of evidence and related level of evidence were assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) based on the NTP/OHAT framework. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020178079). RESULTS The initial search led to 2,132 articles. Eight prospective cohort studies met our inclusion criteria, leading to 72,852 participants including 17,805 deaths. Overall exposure to PCBs was not statistically significantly associated with all-cause mortality (SRR = 1.13, 95% CI = 0.90-1.41, n = 7 studies, low certainty); however, dietary exposure to PCBs was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular-specific mortality (SRR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.14-1.66, n = 3 studies, moderate certainty), while no association was found with cancer-specific mortality (SRR = 1.07, 95% CI = 0.72-1.59, n = 5 studies, low certainty). CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis suggests that background exposure to PCBs is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular-specific mortality in the general population with a "moderate" level of evidence. These findings should be interpreted with caution given the small number of studies on mortality in the general population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Fiolet
- Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, "Exposome and Heredity" Team, CESP UMR1018, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Yahya Mahamat-Saleh
- Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, "Exposome and Heredity" Team, CESP UMR1018, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Pauline Frenoy
- Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, "Exposome and Heredity" Team, CESP UMR1018, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Marina Kvaskoff
- Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, "Exposome and Heredity" Team, CESP UMR1018, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Francesca Romana Mancini
- Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, "Exposome and Heredity" Team, CESP UMR1018, F-94805 Villejuif, France.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Esser A, Ziegler P, Kaifie A, Kraus T, Schettgen T. Modelling past human internal exposure to lower chlorinated indicator PCBs using proxies - A calculation based on multiple longitudinal PCB analyses. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 784:147250. [PMID: 34088037 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants with former applications in electric transformers, capacitors, hydraulic fluids or joint sealants. While current internal exposure to PCBs can be readily assessed by human biomonitoring, the evaluation of longgone past exposures, in particular the estimation of past exposure to lower chlorinated non-dioxin-like PCB 28, 52 or 101 is limited due to the relatively short biological half-life of these PCB-congeners. This study was aimed to find a proxy that would allow an estimation of the former plasma level for these congeners even several years after exposure cessation. We used biomonitoring data of the German HELPcB cohort with six consecutive follow-up investigations and identified the congeners PCB 66, 74 and 99 as suitable proxies for the congeners of interest. The biological half-lives of the proxies as well as their individual correlation with the plasma levels of PCB 28, 52 and 101 was considered in the calculation models. The correlation coefficients and the inter correlation coefficient 3 (ICC3) between measured and calculated initial values were applied for validation. For external validation purposes we used longitudinal biomonitoring data from two different cohorts with indoor exposure to lower chlorinated PCBs. The backward estimation from current PCB 74 levels to former PCB 28 levels led to an ICC3 of 0.682 and a correlation of rho = 0.724 within the HELPcB cohort. The external validation revealed an ICC3 of 0.723 and a correlation of rho = 0.654. The external validation for PCB 101 was feasible, but measures were not comparably good (ICC3 = 0.460; Rho = 0.516). External validation for PCB 52 was not successful, maybe due to the lower level of burden. Our model shows that a rough estimation of former plasma levels of lower chlorinated PCBs is possible even years after exposure cessation using current measurements of PCB74.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André Esser
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Patrick Ziegler
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Andrea Kaifie
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Thomas Kraus
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Thomas Schettgen
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kofoed AB, Deen L, Hougaard KS, Petersen KU, Meyer HW, Pedersen EB, Ebbehøj NE, Heitmann BL, Bonde JP, Tøttenborg SS. Maternal exposure to airborne polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and risk of adverse birth outcomes. Eur J Epidemiol 2021; 36:861-872. [PMID: 34420151 PMCID: PMC8416822 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-021-00793-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human health effects of airborne lower-chlorinated polychlorinated biphenyls (LC-PCBs) are largely unexplored. Since PCBs may cross the placenta, maternal exposure could potentially have negative consequences for fetal development. We aimed to determine if exposure to airborne PCB during pregnancy was associated with adverse birth outcomes. In this cohort study, exposed women had lived in PCB contaminated apartments at least one year during the 3.6 years before conception or the entire first trimester of pregnancy. The women and their children were followed for birth outcomes in Danish health registers. Logistic regression was performed to estimate odds ratios (OR) for changes in secondary sex ratio, preterm birth, major congenital malformations, cryptorchidism, and being born small for gestational age. We performed linear regression to estimate difference in birth weight among children of exposed and unexposed mothers. All models were adjusted for maternal age, educational level, ethnicity, and calendar time. We identified 885 exposed pregnancies and 3327 unexposed pregnancies. Relative to unexposed women, exposed women had OR 0.97 (95% CI 0.82, 1.15) for secondary sex ratio, OR 1.13 (95% CI 0.76, 1.67) for preterm birth, OR 1.28 (95% CI 0.81, 2.01) for having a child with major malformations, OR 1.73 (95% CI 1.01, 2.95) for cryptorchidism and OR 1.23 (95% CI 0.88, 1.72) for giving birth to a child born small for gestational age. The difference in birth weight for children of exposed compared to unexposed women was − 32 g (95% CI—79, 14). We observed an increased risk of cryptorchidism among boys after maternal airborne LC-PCB exposure, but due to the proxy measure of exposure, inability to perform dose–response analyses, and the lack of comparable literature, larger cohort studies with direct measures of exposure are needed to investigate the safety of airborne LC-PCB exposure during pregnancy
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ane Bungum Kofoed
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, Building 20F, 2400, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Laura Deen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, Building 20F, 2400, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karin Sørig Hougaard
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kajsa Ugelvig Petersen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, Building 20F, 2400, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Harald William Meyer
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, Building 20F, 2400, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ellen Bøtker Pedersen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, Building 20F, 2400, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Erik Ebbehøj
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, Building 20F, 2400, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Berit Lilienthal Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Section for General Practice, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Peter Bonde
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, Building 20F, 2400, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sandra Søgaard Tøttenborg
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, Building 20F, 2400, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
A Congener-specific and Mixture Analysis of Plasma Polychlorinated Biphenyl Levels and Incident Breast Cancer. Epidemiology 2021; 32:499-507. [PMID: 33788793 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000001356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), a diverse class of chemicals, are hypothesized mammary carcinogens. We examined plasma levels of 17 PCBs as individual congeners and as a mixture in association with breast cancer using a novel approach based on quantile g-computation. METHODS This study included 845 White and 562 Black women who participated in the population-based, case-control Carolina Breast Cancer Study Phase I. Cases (n = 748) were women with a first diagnosis of histologically confirmed, invasive breast cancer residing in 24 counties in central and eastern North Carolina; controls (n = 659) were women without breast cancer from the same counties. PCBs were measured in plasma samples obtained during the study interview. We estimated associations [covariate-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs)] between individual PCB congeners and breast cancer using multivariable logistic regression. We assessed PCB mixtures using quantile g-computation and examined effect measure modification by race. RESULTS Comparing highest and lowest tertiles of PCBs resulted in ORs of 1.3 (95% CI = 0.95, 1.8) for congener 74, 1.4 (95% CI = 1.0, 1.9) for 99, 1.3 (95% CI = 0.91, 1.8) for 194, and 1.2 (95% CI = 0.90, 1.7) for 201. Among all women, we estimated a joint effect of the PCB mixture with an OR of 1.3 (95% CI = 0.98, 1.6) per tertile change. In race-stratified analyses, associations for tertiles of PCB mixtures were stronger among Black women (OR = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.0, 2.3) than among White women (OR = 1.1; 95% CI = 0.81, 1.6). CONCLUSION Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that exposure to PCB mixtures increase the risk of breast cancer, but studies of populations with different exposure profiles are needed.
Collapse
|
43
|
Jeon HL, Hong S, Choi K, Lee C, Yoo J. First nationwide exposure profile of major persistent organic pollutants among Korean adults and their determinants: Korean National Environmental Health Survey Cycle 3 (2015-2017). Int J Hyg Environ Health 2021; 236:113779. [PMID: 34119853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Since 2009, Korea has measured the exposure levels of major environmental chemicals and heavy metals among representative adult populations through the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS). However, exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) has never been assessed. This study reports the serum concentrations of twenty-four POPs and their influencing factors for Korean adults (n = 1295) who participated in the KoNEHS Cycle 3 (2015-2017). The POPs included seven organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), eleven polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and six polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Among them, three OCPs (i.e., hexachlorobenzene (HCB), p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p'-DDT), and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE)) and five PCBs (i.e., PCB52, PCB118, PCB138, PCB153, and PCB180) were detected in over 60% of the samples. PBDEs were not detected at a detection frequency of 60% or above. The most frequently detected POPs were p,p'-DDE (99.8%, geometric mean of 128.47 ng/g lipid), followed by PCB180 (98.8%, 8.49 ng/g lipid), PCB153 (98.8%, 13.14 ng/g lipid), HCB (96.2%, 67.08 ng/g lipid), PCB138 (95.2%, 8.84 ng/g lipid), PCB118 (89.6%, 2.66 ng/g lipid), p,p'-DDT (80.5%, 6.68 ng/g lipid), and PCB52 (71.2%, 1.57 ng/g lipid). The concentrations of most POPs were lower than or similar to concentrations reported in national-scale biomonitoring surveys. The only exception was HCB, whose concentration was up to seven-fold higher than the concentration reported by the Canadian Health Measures Survey. Excluding HCB and PCB52, most POPs showed increasing serum levels among older adults, adults with higher body mass index, adults living in coastal areas, and more frequent fish consumption. Relatively higher POP concentrations were observed in menopausal women. This study provides the first data on POP exposure levels among the representative adult population in Korea, and the results highlight the need to integrate POPs in the national biomonitoring program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Li Jeon
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Ministry of Environment, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooyeon Hong
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Ministry of Environment, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulwoo Lee
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Ministry of Environment, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Yoo
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Ministry of Environment, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Alarcón S, Esteban J, Roos R, Heikkinen P, Sánchez-Pérez I, Adamsson A, Toppari J, Koskela A, Finnilä MAJ, Tuukkanen J, Herlin M, Hamscher G, Leslie HA, Korkalainen M, Halldin K, Schrenk D, Håkansson H, Viluksela M. Endocrine, metabolic and apical effects of in utero and lactational exposure to non-dioxin-like 2,2',3,4,4',5,5'-heptachlorobiphenyl (PCB 180): A postnatal follow-up study in rats. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 102:109-127. [PMID: 33992733 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PCB 180 is a persistent and abundant non-dioxin-like PCB (NDL-PCB). We determined the developmental toxicity profile of ultrapure PCB 180 in developing offspring following in utero and lactational exposure with the focus on endocrine, metabolic and retinoid system alterations. Pregnant rats were given total doses of 0, 10, 30, 100, 300 or 1000 mg PCB 180/kg bw on gestational days 7-10 by oral gavage, and the offspring were sampled on postnatal days (PND) 7, 35 and 84. Decreased serum testosterone and triiodothyronine concentrations on PND 84, altered liver retinoid levels, increased liver weights and induced 7-pentoxyresorufin O-dealkylase (PROD) activity were the sensitive effects used for margin of exposure (MoE) calculations. Liver weights were increased together with induction of the metabolizing enzymes cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2B1, CYP3A1, and CYP1A1. Less sensitive effects included decreased serum estradiol and increased luteinizing hormone levels in females, decreased prostate and seminal vesicle weight and increased pituitary weight in males, increased cortical bone area and thickness of tibial diaphysis in females and decreased cortical bone mineral density in males. Developmental toxicity profiles were partly different in male and female offspring, males being more sensitive to increased liver weight, PROD induction and decreased thyroxine concentrations. MoE assessment indicated that the 95th percentile of current maternal PCB 180 concentrations do not exceed the estimated tolerable human lipid-based PCB 180 concentration. Although PCB 180 is much less potent than dioxin-like compounds, it shares several toxicological targets suggesting a potential for interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Alarcón
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche (Alicante), Spain; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Javier Esteban
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche (Alicante), Spain.
| | - Robert Roos
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Päivi Heikkinen
- Environmental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), P.O. Box 95, Kuopio, FI-70701, Finland
| | - Ismael Sánchez-Pérez
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche (Alicante), Spain
| | - Annika Adamsson
- Research Center for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology and Centre for Population Health Research, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Department of Paediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, FI-20520, Finland
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Research Center for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology and Centre for Population Health Research, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Department of Paediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, FI-20520, Finland
| | - Antti Koskela
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mikko A J Finnilä
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Tuukkanen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Maria Herlin
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gerd Hamscher
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, D-35392, Germany
| | - Heather A Leslie
- Department of Environment and Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, Amsterdam, NL-1081 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Merja Korkalainen
- Environmental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), P.O. Box 95, Kuopio, FI-70701, Finland
| | - Krister Halldin
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dieter Schrenk
- Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, D-67663, Germany
| | - Helen Håkansson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matti Viluksela
- School of Pharmacy (Toxicology), Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Graves DF, Morse GS, Kerr K, Carpenter DO. A Pilot Study to Examine Psychological and Neuropsychological Outcomes and a Novel Detoxification Program for Gulf War Illness. Mil Med 2021; 186:205-213. [PMID: 33499551 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usaa486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exposures to environmental toxins have been associated with severe health problems for approximately one-quarter of the nearly 700,000 U.S. soldiers who served in the Gulf War between the years 1990 and 1991. Gulf War illness still affects about 30% of Gulf War veterans (GWV), causing reduced psychological wellness and neuropsychological function. METHOD AND MATERIALS This pilot study used a randomized wait-list control design to explore the feasibility and efficacy of a novel detoxification method for GWV exposed to toxicants such as pesticides, nerve gases, and pyridostigmine bromide. Our study included 32 GWV (67% male), with a mean age of 51 (range: 43-70, SD = 6.97), who participated in a 4- to 5-week treatment that was hypothesized to reduce the reported psychological and neuropsychological symptoms. Psychological measures used included tests given for the evaluation of neurocognitive function, including motor function for a dominant hand with the grooved pegboard test; verbal and visual immediate and delayed memory with the Wechsler Memory Scale III abbreviated subtests; executive function domains of attention, speed, and mental flexibility with trail making test parts A and B and Stroop color and word test. Psychological status was measured using the nine subscales of the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised. RESULTS Primary outcomes included between-group differences in self-reported psychological measures and a neuropsychological battery at 7-day and 3-month assessments. Baseline comparison revealed improvements in 16 of 19 psychological and neuropsychological measures at 7-day assessment and that 13 remained stable at 3-month assessment. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the detoxification procedure provided improvement in psychological and cognitive function for GWV and that future study is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donald F Graves
- Psychology Department, Russell Sage College, Troy, NY 12181, USA
| | - Gayle S Morse
- Psychology Department, Russell Sage College, Troy, NY 12181, USA.,Institute for Health & the Environment, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12144, USA
| | - Kathleen Kerr
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada
| | - David O Carpenter
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12144, USA.,Institute for Health & the Environment, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12144, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Pollack AZ, Krall JR, Kannan K, Buck Louis GM. Adipose to serum ratio and mixtures of persistent organic pollutants in relation to endometriosis: Findings from the ENDO Study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 195:110732. [PMID: 33484721 PMCID: PMC8432300 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent disease. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and their mixtures may play an etiologic role. OBJECTIVES We evaluated an adipose-to-serum ratio (ASR) of lipophilic EDCs and their mixtures associated with incident endometriosis. METHODS We quantified 13 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners, 6 polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners, and 11 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in serum and omental fat among women from the ENDO Study (2007-2009) aged 18-44 years diagnosed with (n=190) or without (n=283) surgically-visualized incident endometriosis. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) between ASR and endometriosis were estimated using logistic regression models adjusted for age (years), body mass index (kg/m2), serum cotinine (ng/ml), and breastfeeding conditional on parity. Bayesian hierarchical models (BHM) compared estimated associations for adipose and ASR to serum. Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) estimated change in latent health and 95% posterior intervals (PI) between chemical mixtures and endometriosis. RESULTS Select ASR for estrogenic PCBs and OCPs were associated with an increased odds of an endometriosis diagnosis, but not for anti-estrogenic PCBs or PBDEs. Across all chemicals, BHMs generated ORs that were on average 14% (95% PI: 6%, 22%) higher for adipose and 20% (95% PI: 12%, 29%) higher for ASR in comparison to serum. ORs from BHMs were greater for estrogenic PCBs and OCPs, with no differences for PBDEs. BKMR models comparing the 75th to 25th percentile were moderately associated with endometriosis for estrogenic PCBs [adipose 0.27 (95% PI: 0.18, 0.72) and ASR 0.37 (95% PI: 0.06, 0.80)] and OCPs [adipose 0.17 (95% PI: 0.21, 0.56) and ASR 0.26 (95% PI: 0.05, 0.57)], but not for antiestrogenic PCBs and PBDEs. DISCUSSION ASR added little insight beyond adipose for lipophilic chemicals. BKMR results supported associations between ASR and adipose estrogenic PCB and OCP mixtures and incident endometriosis. These findings underscore the importance of choice of biospecimen and considering mixtures when assessing exposure-disease relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Z Pollack
- Department of Global and Community Health, College of Health and Human Services George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA.
| | - Jenna R Krall
- Department of Global and Community Health, College of Health and Human Services George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Germaine M Buck Louis
- College of Health and Human Services George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sokal A, Jarmakiewicz-Czaja S, Tabarkiewicz J, Filip R. Dietary Intake of Endocrine Disrupting Substances Presents in Environment and Their Impact on Thyroid Function. Nutrients 2021; 13:867. [PMID: 33800806 PMCID: PMC7998837 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the available data, environmental pollution is a serious problem all over the world. Between 2015 and 2016, pollution was responsible for approximately nine million deaths worldwide. They also include endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that can interfere with the functioning of the thyroid gland. They are characterized by high persistence in the environment. These substances can enter the body through the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system, as well as contact with the skin and overcome the placental barrier. EDC can be found in food, water, and personal care products. They can get into food from the environment and as a result of their migration to food products and cosmetics from packaging. EDCs can disrupt the functioning of the thyroid gland through a number of mechanisms, including disrupting the activation of thyroid receptors and the expression of genes that are related to the metabolism, synthesis, and transport of thyroid hormones (HT). There is a need to strengthen the food safety policy that aimed at the use of appropriate materials in direct contact with food. At the same time, an important action is to reduce the production of all waste and, when possible, use biodegradable packaging, which may contribute to the improvement of the quality of the entire ecosystem and the health of food, thus reducing the risk of developing thyroid diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Sokal
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Sara Jarmakiewicz-Czaja
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Jacek Tabarkiewicz
- Institute of Medicine, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (J.T.); (R.F.)
| | - Rafał Filip
- Institute of Medicine, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (J.T.); (R.F.)
- Department of Gastroenterology with IBD Unit, Clinical Hospital No. 2, 35-301 Rzeszow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Christensen K, Carlson LM, Lehmann GM. The role of epidemiology studies in human health risk assessment of polychlorinated biphenyls. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 194:110662. [PMID: 33385388 PMCID: PMC7946752 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a public health concern given evidence that they persist and accumulate in the environment and can cause toxic effects in animals and humans. However, evaluating adverse effects of PCBs in epidemiologic studies is complicated by the characteristics of PCB exposure. PCBs exist as mixtures in the environment; the mixture changes over time due to degradation, and given physicochemical differences between specific PCB congeners, the mixture that an individual is exposed to (via food, air, or other sources) is likely different from that which can be measured in biological tissues. This is particularly problematic when evaluating toxicity of shorter-lived congeners that may not be measurable by the time biological samples are collected. We review these and other issues that arise when evaluating epidemiologic studies of PCBs and discuss how epidemiology data can still be used to inform both hazard identification and dose-response evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krista Christensen
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Laura M Carlson
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Geniece M Lehmann
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Gogola-Mruk J, Hoffmann-Młodzianowska M, Kamińska K, Ptak A. Mixtures of persistent organic pollutants increase ovarian granulosa tumor cell line migration and spheroid invasion by upregulating MMP2 expression and activity via IGF1R. Toxicology 2021; 452:152715. [PMID: 33571556 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Granulosa cell tumors (GCT) of the ovary have a good prognosis. Recurrence tends to be late; however, > 66 % of patients with recurrent GCT die from the disease. Most recurrences are abdominopelvic, although distant metastases have been documented. Here, we tested the hypothesis that a mixture of persistent endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) stimulates the invasion of GCT cells. We selected perfluorooctanoate (PFOA, 2 ng/mL), perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS, 8 ng/mL), 2,2-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE, 1 ng/mL), polychlorinated biphenyl 153 (PCB153, 100 pg/mL), and hexachlorobenzene (HCB, 50 pg/mL), which have the highest measured concentrations in follicular fluid of women undergoing treatment with assisted reproductive technology. The human GCT cell lines COV434 and KGN have been used as in vitro models of juvenile (JGCT) and adult (AGCT) GCT subtypes, respectively. Cells were treated with a mixture of the test compounds for 15 min prior to analysis of protein phosphorylation; for 4 h prior to analysis in a circular chemorepellent-induced defect assay; for 6 h prior to analysis of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) activity; for 24 h prior to analysis of migration, invasion, and gene expression; and for 48 h prior to analysis of protein expression. First, we showed that KGN cells migrated and exhibited invasive behavior. By contrast, COV434 cells lacked migration and invasion potential. Moreover, expression of mesenchymal genes and the gene encoding MMP2 was higher in KGN cells, and that of epithelial genes lower, than that in COV434 cells. Treatment of KGN cells with the EDC mixture stimulated cell migration, invasion, and lymphatic dissemination. The results suggest that the role of the EDC mixture in AGCT invasion is not related to changes in expression of epithelial and mesenchymal genes; rather, it is related to increased expression and activity of MMP2. Additionally, silencing insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1R) in AGCT abolished the stimulatory effect of the EDC mixture on KGN spheroid invasion. These results demonstrate that the EDC mixture increased KGN spheroid invasion by stimulating expression and activity of MMP2 via IGF1R.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Gogola-Mruk
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Marta Hoffmann-Młodzianowska
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Kinga Kamińska
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Anna Ptak
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Alsen M, Sinclair C, Cooke P, Ziadkhanpour K, Genden E, van Gerwen M. Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Thyroid Cancer: An Overview. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9010014. [PMID: 33477829 PMCID: PMC7832870 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine disruptive chemicals (EDC) are known to alter thyroid function and have been associated with increased risk of certain cancers. The present study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of available studies on the association between EDC exposure and thyroid cancer. Relevant studies were identified via a literature search in the National Library of Medicine and National Institutes of Health PubMed as well as a review of reference lists of all retrieved articles and of previously published relevant reviews. Overall, the current literature suggests that exposure to certain congeners of flame retardants, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and phthalates as well as certain pesticides may potentially be associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer. However, future research is urgently needed to evaluate the different EDCs and their potential carcinogenic effect on the thyroid gland in humans as most EDCs have been studied sporadically and results are not consistent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathilda Alsen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.A.); (C.S.); (E.G.)
| | - Catherine Sinclair
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.A.); (C.S.); (E.G.)
| | - Peter Cooke
- Department of Medical Education, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (P.C.); (K.Z.)
| | - Kimia Ziadkhanpour
- Department of Medical Education, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (P.C.); (K.Z.)
| | - Eric Genden
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.A.); (C.S.); (E.G.)
| | - Maaike van Gerwen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.A.); (C.S.); (E.G.)
- Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|