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Wass SY, Hahad O, Asad Z, Li S, Chung MK, Benjamin EJ, Nasir K, Rajagopalan S, Al-Kindi SG. Environmental Exposome and Atrial Fibrillation: Emerging Evidence and Future Directions. Circ Res 2024; 134:1029-1045. [PMID: 38603473 PMCID: PMC11060886 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
There has been increased awareness of the linkage between environmental exposures and cardiovascular health and disease. Atrial fibrillation is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia, affecting millions of people worldwide and contributing to substantial morbidity and mortality. Although numerous studies have explored the role of genetic and lifestyle factors in the development and progression of atrial fibrillation, the potential impact of environmental determinants on this prevalent condition has received comparatively less attention. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current evidence on environmental determinants of atrial fibrillation, encompassing factors such as air pollution, temperature, humidity, and other meteorologic conditions, noise pollution, greenspace, and the social environment. We discuss the existing evidence from epidemiological and mechanistic studies, critically evaluating the strengths and limitations of these investigations and the potential underlying biological mechanisms through which environmental exposures may affect atrial fibrillation risk. Furthermore, we address the potential implications of these findings for public health and clinical practice and identify knowledge gaps and future research directions in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sojin Youn Wass
- Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (M.K.C., S.Y.W.)
| | - Omar Hahad
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany (O.H.)
| | - Zain Asad
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oklahoma Medical Center, Oklahoma City (Z.A.)
| | - Shuo Li
- Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (S.L.)
| | - Mina K Chung
- Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (M.K.C., S.Y.W.)
| | - Emelia J Benjamin
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (E.J.B.)
| | - Khurram Nasir
- Cardiovascular Prevention and Wellness, DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist, TX (K.N., S.G.A.-K.)
| | - Sanjay Rajagopalan
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH (S.R.)
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (S.R.)
| | - Sadeer G Al-Kindi
- Cardiovascular Prevention and Wellness, DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist, TX (K.N., S.G.A.-K.)
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2
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Abdul-Rahman T, Roy P, Bliss ZSB, Mohammad A, Corriero AC, Patel NT, Wireko AA, Shaikh R, Faith OE, Arevalo-Rios ECE, Dupuis L, Ulusan S, Erbay MI, Cedeño MV, Sood A, Gupta R. The impact of air quality on cardiovascular health: A state of the art review. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102174. [PMID: 37913932 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is a global health challenge, increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as heart disease, stroke, and arrhythmias. Particulate matter (PM), particularly PM2.5 and ultrafine particles (UFP), is a key contributor to the adverse effects of air pollution on cardiovascular health. PM exposure can lead to oxidative stress, inflammation, atherosclerosis, vascular dysfunction, cardiac arrhythmias, and myocardial injury. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a key role in mediating these effects. PM exposure can also lead to hypertension, a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a significant reduction of air pollutants, leading to a decline in the incidence of heart attacks and premature deaths caused by cardiovascular diseases. This review highlights the relationship between environmental air quality and cardiovascular health, elucidating the pathways through which air pollutants affect the cardiovascular system. It also emphasizes the need for increased awareness, collective efforts to mitigate the adverse effects of air pollution, and strategic policies for long-term air quality improvement to prevent the devastating effects of air pollution on global cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toufik Abdul-Rahman
- Medical Institute, Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine; Department of Research, Toufik's World Medical Association, Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Poulami Roy
- Department of Research, Toufik's World Medical Association, Sumy, Ukraine; Department of Medicine, North Bengal Medical College and Hospital, Siliguri, India
| | | | | | | | - Neal T Patel
- Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Andrew Awuah Wireko
- Medical Institute, Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine; Department of Research, Toufik's World Medical Association, Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Raheel Shaikh
- Broward Health Medical Center, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Léonie Dupuis
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sebahat Ulusan
- Medical School, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | | | | | - Aayushi Sood
- Department of Medicine, The Wright Center for Graduate Medical Education, Scranton, PA, USA
| | - Rahul Gupta
- Department of Cardiology, Lehigh Valley Health Network, Allentown, PA, USA.
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3
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Mallah MA, Soomro T, Ali M, Noreen S, Khatoon N, Kafle A, Feng F, Wang W, Naveed M, Zhang Q. Cigarette smoking and air pollution exposure and their effects on cardiovascular diseases. Front Public Health 2023; 11:967047. [PMID: 38045957 PMCID: PMC10691265 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.967047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has no socioeconomic, topographical, or sex limitations as reported by the World Health Organization (WHO). The significant drivers of CVD are cardio-metabolic, behavioral, environmental, and social risk factors. However, some significant risk factors for CVD (e.g., a pitiable diet, tobacco smoking, and a lack of physical activities), have also been linked to an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease. Lifestyles and environmental factors are known key variables in cardiovascular disease. The familiarity with smoke goes along with the contact with the environment: air pollution is considered a source of toxins that contribute to the CVD burden. The incidence of myocardial infarction increases in males and females and may lead to fatal coronary artery disease, as confirmed by epidemiological studies. Lipid modification, inflammation, and vasomotor dysfunction are integral components of atherosclerosis development and advancement. These aspects are essential for the identification of atherosclerosis in clinical investigations. This article aims to show the findings on the influence of CVD on the health of individuals and human populations, as well as possible pathology and their involvement in smoking-related cardiovascular diseases. This review also explains lifestyle and environmental factors that are known to contribute to CVD, with indications suggesting an affiliation between cigarette smoking, air pollution, and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tahmina Soomro
- Department of Sociology, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Pakistan
| | - Mukhtiar Ali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Noreen
- Department of Pharmaceutics Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Insbruck, Austria
| | - Nafeesa Khatoon
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Akriti Kafle
- School of Nursing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feifei Feng
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Qiao Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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4
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Ferrari L, Iodice S, Cantone L, Solazzo G, Dioni L, Hoxha M, Vicenzi M, Mozzoni P, Bergamaschi E, Persico N, Bollati V. Extracellular vesicles and their miRNA contents counterbalance the pro-inflammatory effect of air pollution during physiological pregnancy: A focus on Syncytin-1 positive vesicles. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 169:107502. [PMID: 36095930 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The impact of exposure to respirable particulate matter (PM) during pregnancy is a growing concern, as several studies have associated increased risks of adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes, and impaired intrauterine growth with air pollution. The molecular mechanisms responsible for such effects are still under debate. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which travel in body fluids and transfer microRNAs (miRNAs) between tissues (e.g., pulmonary environment and placenta), might play an important role in PM-induced risk. We sought to determine whether the levels of PM with aerodynamic diameters of ≤10 µm (PM10) and ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5) are associated with changes in plasmatic EV release and EV-miRNA content by investigating 518 women enrolled in the INSIDE study during the first trimester of pregnancy. In all models, we included both the 90-day averages of PM (long-term effects) and the differences between the daily estimate of PM and the 90-day average (short-term effects). Short-term PM10 and PM2.5 were associated with increased concentrations of all seven EV types that we assayed (positive for human antigen leukocyte G (HLA-G), Syncytin-1 (Sync-1), CD14, CD105, CD62e, CD61, or CD25 determinants), while long-term PM10 showed a trend towards decreased EV concentrations. Increased Sync-1 + EV levels were associated with the plasmatic decrease of sVCAM-1, but not of sICAM-1, which are circulating biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction. Thirteen EV-miRNAs were downregulated in response to long-term PM10 and PM2.5 variations, while seven were upregulated (p-value < 0.05, false discovery rate p-value (qFDR) < 0.1). Only one EV-miRNA (hsa-miR-221-3p) was downregulated after short-term variations. The identified PM-modulated EV-miRNAs exhibited putative roles in inflammation, gestational hypertension, and pre-eclampsia, as highlighted by miRNA target analysis. Our findings strongly support the hypothesis that EVs have an important role in modulating PM exposure effects during pregnancy, possibly through their miRNA cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Ferrari
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Iodice
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Cantone
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Solazzo
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Dioni
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mirjam Hoxha
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Vicenzi
- Cardiovascular Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Mozzoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Enrico Bergamaschi
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Paediatrics, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Nicola Persico
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Bollati
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
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Jin Y, Cui H, Chen L, Sun K, Liu Z. Effects of airway deformation and alveolar pores on particle deposition in the lungs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 831:154931. [PMID: 35364181 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The distal lung (G14-G23), which are composed of alveoli and bronchi, are responsible for almost all gas exchange and micro- and nanoparticle deposition in the lungs. In the existing research using computational fluid dynamics, the geometric modeling accuracy of the bronchial bifurcation structure is given priority, and then the alveoli are attached to bronchi as discrete spherical crowns. This method ignores the correlation between alveoli. In fact, the alveoli have a tessellated distribution, and adjacent alveoli are connected by several alveolar pores. Due to the huge number of alveoli, this seemingly small difference will be greatly amplified, which may lead to a large deviation in the prediction of the overall flow. Accordingly, the objective of this study is to construct a two-dimensional distal lung model including the bronchi, acini, and alveolar pores by using the methods of regular hexagonal tessellational subdivision, fusion, and coordinate transformation. A moving boundary is introduced to simulate the process of airflow and particle deposition in the distal lung, and the effects of bronchial deformation, respiratory frequency, and alveolar pores are obtained. The results show that there are significant differences in intrapulmonary flow patterns with and without alveolar pores. Alveolar pores can establish bypass ventilation downstream of a blockage, thus providing a pathway for particles to enter the airways downstream of the blockage. Changing the respiratory frequency and the amplitude of bronchial deformation will change the relative velocity between particles and moving wall, which, in turn, will change the particle deposition efficiency in the distal lung. To summarize this study, a geometric modeling method for the distal lung with alveolar pores is established, and the important roles of detailed characteristics of the distal lung are revealed. The findings of this study provide a reasonable hydrodynamic mechanism for the prevention of related respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Jin
- School of Building Services Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Haihang Cui
- School of Building Services Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Li Chen
- School of Building Services Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Microwave Device and Integrated Circuits Laboratory, Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10029, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- School of Building Services Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
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6
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New Homogeneous Spatial Areas Identified Using Case-Crossover Spatial Lag Grid Differences between Aerosol Optical Depth-PM2.5 and Respiratory-Cardiovascular Emergency Department Visits and Hospitalizations. ATMOSPHERE 2022; 13:1-33. [PMID: 36003277 PMCID: PMC9393882 DOI: 10.3390/atmos13050719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Optimal use of Hierarchical Bayesian Model (HBM)-assembled aerosol optical depth (AOD)-PM2.5 fused surfaces in epidemiologic studies requires homogeneous temporal and spatial fused surfaces. No analytical method is available to evaluate spatial heterogeneity. The temporal case-crossover design was modified to assess the spatial association between four experimental AOD-PM2.5 fused surfaces and four respiratory–cardiovascular hospital events in 12 km2 grids. The maximum number of adjacent lag grids with significant odds ratios (ORs) identified homogeneous spatial areas (HOSAs). The largest HOSA included five grids (lag grids 04; 720 km2) and the smallest HOSA contained two grids (lag grids 01; 288 km2). Emergency department asthma and inpatient asthma, myocardial infarction, and heart failure ORs were significantly higher in rural grids without air monitors than in urban grids with air monitors at lag grids 0, 1, and 01. Rural grids had higher AOD-PM2.5 concentration levels, population density, and poverty percentages than urban grids. Warm season ORs were significantly higher than cold season ORs for all health outcomes at lag grids 0, 1, 01, and 04. The possibility of elevated fine and ultrafine PM and other demographic and environmental risk factors synergistically contributing to elevated respiratory–cardiovascular chronic diseases in persons residing in rural areas was discussed.
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Stockfelt L, Xu Y, Gudmundsson A, Rissler J, Isaxon C, Brunskog J, Pagels J, Nilsson PT, Berglund M, Barregard L, Bohgard M, Albin M, Hagerman I, Wierzbicka A. A controlled chamber study of effects of exposure to diesel exhaust particles and noise on heart rate variability and endothelial function. Inhal Toxicol 2022; 34:159-170. [PMID: 35475948 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2022.2065388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse cardiovascular effects are associated with both diesel exhaust and road traffic noise, but these exposures are hard to disentangle epidemiologically. We used an experimental setup to evaluate the impact of diesel exhaust particles and traffic noise, alone and combined, on intermediary outcomes related to the autonomic nervous system and increased cardiovascular risk. METHODS In a controlled chamber 18 healthy adults were exposed to four scenarios in a randomized cross-over fashion. Each exposure scenario consisted of either filtered (clean) air or diesel engine exhaust (particle mass concentrations around 300 µg/m3), and either low (46 dB(A)) or high (75 dB(A)) levels of traffic noise for 3 h at rest. ECG was recorded for 10-min periods before and during each exposure type, and frequency-domain heart rate variability (HRV) computed. Endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness were assessed after each exposure using EndoPAT 2000. RESULTS Compared to control exposure, HRV in the high frequency band decreased during exposure to diesel exhaust, both alone and combined with noise, but not during noise exposure only. These differences were more pronounced in women. We observed no synergistic effects of combined exposure, and no significant differences between exposure scenarios for other HRV indices, endothelial function or arterial stiffness. CONCLUSION Three-hour exposure to diesel exhaust, but not noise, was associated with decreased HRV in the high frequency band. This indicates activation of irritant receptor-mediated autonomic reflexes, a possible mechanism for the cardiovascular risks of diesel exposure. There was no effect on endothelial dysfunction or arterial stiffness after exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Stockfelt
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yiyi Xu
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Gudmundsson
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jenny Rissler
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Bioeconomy and Health, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christina Isaxon
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jonas Brunskog
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Joakim Pagels
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Patrik T Nilsson
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Margareta Berglund
- Department of Cardiology, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Lars Barregard
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Bohgard
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Albin
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Unit of Occupational Medicine, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Inger Hagerman
- Department of Cardiology, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Aneta Wierzbicka
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Hu J, Xue X, Xiao M, Wang W, Gao Y, Kan H, Ge J, Cui Z, Chen R. The acute effects of particulate matter air pollution on ambulatory blood pressure: A multicenter analysis at the hourly level. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 157:106859. [PMID: 34509047 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence from ambulatory blood pressure monitoring is needed to clarify the associations of particulate air pollution with blood pressure and potential lag patterns. We examined the associations of fine and coarse particulate matter (PM2.5, PM2.5-10) with ambulatory blood pressure among 7108 non-hypertensive participants from 7 Chinese cities between April 2016 and November 2020. Hourly concentrations of PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 were obtained from the nearest monitoring stations. We measured four blood pressure indicators, including systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pulse pressure (PP). Linear mixed-effect models combined with distributed lag models were applied to analyze the data. Generally, very short-term exposure to PM2.5 was significantly associated with elevated blood pressure. These effects occurred on the same hour of blood pressure measurement, attenuated gradually, and became insignificant approximately at lag 12 h. An interquartile range (IQR, 33 μg/m3) increase of PM2.5 was significantly associated with cumulative increments of 0.58 mmHg for SBP, 0.31 mmHg for DBP, 0.38 mmHg for MAP, and 0.33 mmHg for PP over lag 0 to 12 h. The exposure-response relationship curves were almost linear without thresholds, but tended to be flat at very high concentrations. No significant associations were observed for PM2.5-10. Our study provides independent and robust associations between transient PM2.5 exposure and elevated blood pressure within the first 12 h, and reinforces the evidence for a linear and non-threshold exposure-response relationship, which may have implications for blood pressure management and hypertension prevention in susceptible population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaowei Xue
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Min Xiao
- Jiangsu Standard Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing 100096, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ya Gao
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Zhaoqiang Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Renjie Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Heo YJ, Kim HS. Ambient air pollution and endocrinologic disorders in childhood. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2021; 26:158-170. [PMID: 34610703 PMCID: PMC8505042 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2142132.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ambient air pollution has been proposed as an important environmental risk factor that increases global mortality and morbidity. Over the past decade, several human and animal studies have reported an association between exposure to air pollution and altered metabolic and endocrine systems in children. However, the results for these studies were mixed and inconclusive and did not demonstrate causality because different outcomes were observed due to different study designs, exposure periods, and methodologies for exposure measurements. Current proposed mechanisms include altered immune response, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, inadequate placental development, and epigenetic modulation. In this review, we summarized the results of previous pediatric studies that reported effects of prenatal and postnatal air pollution exposure on childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus, obesity, insulin resistance, thyroid dysfunction, and timing of pubertal onset, along with underlying related mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Joung Heo
- Department of Pediatrics, Ewha Women’s University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae Soon Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Ewha Women’s University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Address for correspondence: Hae Soon Kim Department of Pediatrics, Ewha Women’s University College of Medicine, 260, Gonghang-daero, Gangseo-gu, Seoul 07804, Korea
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10
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Wu CM, Adetona O, Song C. Acute cardiovascular responses of wildland firefighters to working at prescribed burn. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2021; 237:113827. [PMID: 34403889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Wildland firefighters at prescribed burns are exposed to elevated levels of wildland fire smoke (WFS) while performing physically demanding tasks. WFS exposure has been linked to increases in hospital and emergency admissions for cardiovascular disorders in the general population. However, knowledge about the cardiovascular effect of occupational WFS exposure among wildland firefighters is limited. To provide a better understanding of the effect of this exposure scenario on acute hemodynamic responses, resting systolic/diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP) and heart rate (HR) of wildland firefighters were measured before (pre-shift), after (post-shift), and the morning (next morning) immediately following prescribed burn shifts (burn days) and regular work shifts (non-burn days). A total of 38 firefighters (34 males and 4 females) participated in this study and resting BP and HR were recorded on 9 burn days and 7 non-burn days. On burn days, HR significantly increased from pre-to post-shift (13.25 bpm, 95% CI: 7.47 to 19.02 bpm) while SBP significantly decreased in the morning following the prescribed burns compared to pre-shift (-6.25 mmHg, 95% CI: -12.30 to -0.20 mmHg). However, this was due to the decrease of SBP in the firefighters who were hypertensive (-8.46 mmHg, 95% CI: -16.08 to -0.84 mmHg). Significant cross-shift reductions (post-shift/next morning vs. pre-shift) were observed in SBP on burn days compared to non-burn days (-7.01 mmHg, 95% CI: -10.94 to -3.09 mmHg and -8.64 mmHg, 95% CI: -13.81 to -3.47 mmHg, respectively). A significant reduction on burn days was also observed from pre-shift to the following morning for HR compared to non-burn days (-7.28 bpm, 95% CI: -13.50 to -1.06 bpm) while HR significantly increased in pre-to post-shift on burn days compared to non-burn days (10.61 bpm, 95% CI: 5.05 to 16.17 bpm). The decreased BP observed in wildland firefighters might be due to a high level of carbon monoxide exposure and exercise-induced hypotension. The increase in HR immediately after prescribed burns might be attributable to WFS exposure and physical exertion in prescribed burn shifts. The results suggest that wildland firefighting exposure might cause a distinct hemodynamic response, including SBP reduction and HR increment, especially for those who have pre-existing hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Ming Wu
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Olorunfemi Adetona
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Chi Song
- Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Huang F, Zhao Y, Wang P, Wang Y, Zhang L, Luo Y. Short-term exposure to particulate matter on heart rate variability in humans: a systematic review of crossover and controlled studies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:35528-35536. [PMID: 34031827 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14494-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As an indicator of cardiac autonomic function, heart rate variability (HRV) has been proven to decrease after short-term exposure to particulate matters (PM) based on controlled animal studies. In this study, we conducted a systematic review to investigate short-term effects of exposure with different particle sizes on HRV in humans. Both crossover and controlled studies of human which were published prior to February 2020 were searched on four electronic databases. The HRV parameters included standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN), root mean square of successive normal-to-normal intervals (RMSSD), percent of normal-to-normal intervals that differ by more than 50 milliseconds (PNN50), low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), and LF/HF. This review included 14 studies with 300 participants. The short-term effects of PM exposure on HRV in humans are inconclusive. For time-domain parameters, one study showed higher SDNN values with 2-h exposure to PM, whereas another one showed lower SDNN values. One study found RMSSD increased after PM exposure. One study found PNN50 decreased after PM exposure. For frequency-domain parameters, two studies showed LF increased with 2-h exposure to PM, and two studies showed an increase of LF/HF after PM exposure. Four studies showed lower HF values after PM exposure, whereas two studies showed higher HF values. Five studies did not find statistically significant results for any HRV parameters. We could not conclude that short-term exposure to PM can influence autonomic nervous function. The inconsistent changes of HRV in response to PM exposure may have complex mechanisms, which remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yuhan Zhao
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University & Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, No.10 Xitoutiao, You'anmen Wai, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Ping Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yingfang Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Licheng Zhang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University & Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, No.10 Xitoutiao, You'anmen Wai, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yanxia Luo
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University & Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, No.10 Xitoutiao, You'anmen Wai, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China.
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12
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Wang L, Chen G, Pan Y, Xia J, Chen L, Zhang X, Silang Y, Chen J, Xu H, Zeng C, Wei J, Li S, Guo Y, Yang S, Hong F, Zhao X. Association of long-term exposure to ambient air pollutants with blood lipids in Chinese adults: The China Multi-Ethnic Cohort study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 197:111174. [PMID: 33894235 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidemia is a crucial risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Previous studies have suggested that air pollution is associated with blood lipids. However, little evidence exists in low- and middle-income regions. We aimed to investigate the association between air pollution and blood lipids in southwestern China. METHODS We included 67,305 participants aged 30-79 years from the baseline data of the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort (CMEC) study. Three-year average concentrations of particles with diameters ≤1 μm (PM1), particles with diameters ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5), particles with diameters ≤ 10 μm (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) were estimated using satellite-based spatiotemporal models. Individual serum lipids, including cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), were measured. Linear, logistic, and quantile regression models were used to evaluate the association between ambient air pollution and blood lipids. RESULTS All five air pollutants in our study were associated with lipid levels. Increased air pollution exposure was associated with a high risk of dyslipidemia. Each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with 0.92% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.64%, 1.20%), 2.23% (95% CI: 1.44%, 3.02%), and 3.04% (95% CI: 2.61%, 3.47%) increases in TC, TG, and LDL-C levels, respectively, and a 2.03% (95% CI: 1.69%, 2.37%) decrease in HDL-C levels, and high risks of dyslipidemia (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.18). Stronger associations of air pollution with blood lipids were found in participants with high lipid levels than in those with low lipid levels. CONCLUSION Long-term exposure to air pollutants was associated with blood lipid levels and the risk of dyslipidemia. People with high lipid levels were more susceptible to air pollution. Therefore, air pollution prevention and control may help reduce the incidence of dyslipidemia and the burden of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gongbo Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Jingjie Xia
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control &Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Liling Chen
- Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yangzong Silang
- Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention CN, Lhasa, China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan Xu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunmei Zeng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Iowa Technology Institute, and Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shujuan Yang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Feng Hong
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
| | - Xing Zhao
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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13
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Orach J, Rider CF, Carlsten C. Concentration-dependent health effects of air pollution in controlled human exposures. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 150:106424. [PMID: 33596522 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution is a leading contributor to premature mortality worldwide and is often represented by particulate matter (PM), a key contributor to its harmful health effects. Concentration-response relationships are useful for quantifying the effects of air pollution in relevant populations and in considering potential effect thresholds. Controlled human exposures can provide data on acute effects and concentration-response relationships that complement epidemiological studies. OBJECTIVES We examined PM concentration-responses after controlled human air pollution exposures to examine exposure-response markers, assess effect modifiers, and identify potential effect thresholds. METHODS We reviewed primary research from published controlled human exposure studies where responses were reported at multiple target PM concentrations or summarized per unit change in PM to identify concentration-dependent effects. RESULTS Of the 191 publications identified through PubMed and supplementary searches, 31 were eligible. Eligible studies collectively represented four pollutant models: concentrated ambient particles, engineered carbon nanoparticles, diesel exhaust, and woodsmoke. We identified concentration-dependent effects on oxidative stress markers, inflammation, and cardiovascular function that overlapped across different pollutants. Metabolic syndrome and glutathione s-transferase mu 1 genotype were identified as potential effect modifiers. DISCUSSION Improved understanding of concentration-response relationships is integral to biomonitoring and mitigation of health effects through impact assessment and policy. Although we identified potential concentration-response markers, thresholds, and modifiers, our conclusions on these relationships were limited by a dearth of eligible publications, considerable variability in methodology, and inconsistent reporting standards between studies. More research is required to validate these observations. We recommend that future studies harmonize estimate reporting to facilitate the identification of robust response markers across research and applied settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juma Orach
- Air Pollution Exposure Laboratory, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christopher F Rider
- Air Pollution Exposure Laboratory, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christopher Carlsten
- Air Pollution Exposure Laboratory, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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14
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Vander Hoorn S, Murray K, Nedkoff L, Hankey GJ, Flicker L, Yeap BB, Almeida OP, Norman P, Brunekreef B, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Heyworth J. Long-term exposure to outdoor air pollution and risk factors for cardiovascular disease within a cohort of older men in Perth. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248931. [PMID: 33780497 PMCID: PMC8006998 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
While there is clear evidence that high levels of pollution are associated with increased all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, the biological mechanisms that would explain this association are less understood. We examined the association between long-term exposure to air pollutants and risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease. Air pollutant concentrations were estimated at place of residence for cohort members in the Western Australian Centre for Health and Ageing Health in Men Study. Blood samples and blood pressure measures were taken for a cohort of 4249 men aged 70 years and above between 2001 and 2004. We examined the association between 1-year average pollutant concentrations with blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, and total homocysteine. Linear regression analyses were carried out, with adjustment for confounding, as well as an assessment of potential effect modification. The four pollutants examined were fine particulate matter, black carbon (BC), nitrogen dioxide, and nitrogen oxides. We found that a 2.25 μg/m3 higher exposure to fine particulate matter was associated with a 1.1 percent lower high-density cholesterol (95% confidence interval: -2.4 to 0.1) and 4.0 percent higher serum triglycerides (95% confidence interval: 1.5 to 6.6). Effect modification of these associations by diabetes history was apparent. We found no evidence of an association between any of the remaining risk factors or biomarkers with measures of outdoor air pollution. These findings indicate that long-term PM2.5 exposure is associated with elevated serum triglycerides and decreased HDL cholesterol. This requires further investigation to determine the reasons for this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Vander Hoorn
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Centre for Air Pollution, Energy and Health Research, Glebe, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kevin Murray
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Lee Nedkoff
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Graeme J. Hankey
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Leon Flicker
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- WA Centre for Health & Ageing, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Bu B. Yeap
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Osvaldo P. Almeida
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- WA Centre for Health & Ageing, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Paul Norman
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Bert Brunekreef
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Jane Heyworth
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Centre for Air Pollution, Energy and Health Research, Glebe, New South Wales, Australia
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15
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Vignal C, Guilloteau E, Gower-Rousseau C, Body-Malapel M. Review article: Epidemiological and animal evidence for the role of air pollution in intestinal diseases. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 757:143718. [PMID: 33223187 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambient air pollution is recognized as one of the leading causes of global burden of disease. Involvement of air pollution in respiratory and cardiovascular diseases was first recognized, and then cumulative data has indicated that the intestinal tract could be also damaged. AIM To review and discuss the current epidemiological and animal data on the effects of air pollution on intestinal homeostasis. METHODS An extensive literature search was conducted using Google Scholar and Pubmed to gather relevant human and animal studies that have reported the effects of any air pollutant on the intestine. RESULTS Exposure to several gaseous and particulate matter components of air pollution have been associated either positively or negatively with the onset of various intestinal diseases including appendicitis, gastroenteric disorders, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel diseases, and peptic ulcers. Several atmospheric pollutants have been associated with modifications of gut microbiota in humans. Animal studies have showed that inhalation of atmospheric particulate matter can lead to modifications of gut microbiota, impairments of oxidative and inflammatory intestinal balances, and disruption of gut epithelial permeability. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the literature appears to indicate that the gut is an underestimated target of adverse health effects induced by air pollution. It is therefore important to develop additional studies that aim to better understand the link between air pollutants and gastro-intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Vignal
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286- INFINITE - Institute for translational research in inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Eva Guilloteau
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286- INFINITE - Institute for translational research in inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Corinne Gower-Rousseau
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286- INFINITE - Institute for translational research in inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France; Epidemiology Unit, Epimad Registry, Lille University Hospital, France
| | - Mathilde Body-Malapel
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286- INFINITE - Institute for translational research in inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France.
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16
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Kobos L, Shannahan J. Particulate matter inhalation and the exacerbation of cardiopulmonary toxicity due to metabolic disease. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:822-834. [PMID: 33467887 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220983275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter is a significant public health issue in the United States and globally. Inhalation of particulate matter is associated with a number of systemic and organ-specific adverse health outcomes, with the pulmonary and cardiovascular systems being particularly vulnerable. Certain subpopulations are well-recognized as being more susceptible to inhalation exposures, such as the elderly and those with pre-existing respiratory disease. Metabolic syndrome is becoming increasingly prevalent in our society and has known adverse effects on the heart, lungs, and vascular systems. The limited evaluations of individuals with metabolic syndromehave demonstrated that theymay compose a sensitive subpopulation to particulate exposures. However, the toxicological mechanisms responsible for this increased vulnerability are not fully understood. This review evaluates the currently available literature regarding how the response of an individual's pulmonary and cardiovascular systems is influenced by metabolic syndrome and metabolic syndrome-associated conditions such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes. Further, we will discuss potential therapeutic agents and targets for the alleviation and treatment of particulate-matter induced metabolic illness. The information reviewed here may contribute to the understanding of metabolic illness as a risk factor for particulate matter exposure and further the development of therapeutic approaches to treat vulnerable subpopulations, such as those with metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Kobos
- School of Health Sciences, College of Human and Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jonathan Shannahan
- School of Health Sciences, College of Human and Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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17
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INSIDE Project: Individual Air Pollution Exposure, Extracellular Vesicles Signaling and Hypertensive Disorder Development in Pregnancy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17239046. [PMID: 33561039 PMCID: PMC7731194 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17239046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hypertensive disorders are common complications during pregnancy (HDP) with substantial public health impact. Acute and chronic particulate matter (PM) exposure during pregnancy increases the risk of HDP, although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) may be the ideal candidates for mediating the effects of PM exposure in pregnancy as they are released in response to environmental stimuli. The INSIDE project aims to investigate this mechanism in pregnancy outcomes. The study population is enrolled at the Fetal Medicine Unit of Fondazione IRCCS Ca’Granda—Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico at 10–14 weeks of gestation. Exposure to PM10 and PM2.5 is assessed using the flexible air quality regional model (FARM) and Bayesian geostatistical models. Each woman provides a blood sample for EV analysis and circulating biomarker assessment. Moreover, a subgroup of recruited women (n = 85) is asked to participate in a cardiovascular screening program including a standard clinical evaluation, a non-invasive assessment of right ventricular function, and pulmonary circulation at rest and during exercise. These subjects are also asked to wear a personal particulate sampler, to measure PM10, PM2.5, and PM1. The INSIDE study is expected to identify the health impacts of PM exposure on pregnancy outcomes.
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18
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Blood-derived extracellular vesicles isolated from healthy donors exposed to air pollution modulate in vitro endothelial cells behavior. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20138. [PMID: 33208829 PMCID: PMC7674466 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77097-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The release of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) into the bloodstream is positively associated with Particulate Matter (PM) exposure, which is involved in endothelial dysfunction and related to increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Obesity modifies the effects of PM exposure on heart rate variability and markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and acute phase response. We isolated and characterized plasmatic EVs from six healthy donors and confirmed a positive association with PM exposure. We stratified for Body Mass Index (BMI) and observed an increased release of CD61+ (platelets) and CD105+ (endothelium) derived-EVs after high PM level exposure in Normal Weight subjects (NW) and no significant variations in Overweight subjects (OW). We then investigated the ability to activate endothelial primary cells by plasmatic EVs after both high and low PM exposure. NW-high-PM EVs showed an increased endothelial activation, measured as CD105+/CD62e+ (activated endothelium) EVs ratio. On the contrary, cells treated with OW-high-PM EVs showed reduced endothelial activation. These results suggest the ability of NW plasmatic EVs to communicate to endothelial cells and promote the crosstalk between activated endothelium and peripheral cells. However, this capacity was lost in OW subjects. Our findings contribute to elucidate the role of EVs in endothelial activation after PM exposure.
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19
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Qiu H, Wang L, Zhou L, Pan J. Coarse particles (PM 2.5-10) and cause-specific hospitalizations in southwestern China: Association, attributable risk and economic costs. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 190:110004. [PMID: 32745536 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The short-term morbidity effects of the coarse particle (diameter in 2.5-10 μm, PM2.5-10), as well as the corresponding morbidity burden and economic costs, remain understudied, especially in developing countries. This study aimed to examine the associations of PM2.5-10 with cause-specific hospitalizations in a multi-city setting in southwestern China and assess the attributable risk and economic costs. City-specific associations were firstly estimated using generalized additive models with quasi-poisson distribution to handle over-dispersion, and then combined to obtain the regional average association. City-specific and pooled concentration-response (C-R) associations of PM2.5-10 with cause-specific hospitalizations were also modeled. Subgroup analyses were performed by age, sex, season and region. The health and economic burden of hospitalizations for multiple outcomes due to PM2.5-10 were further evaluated. A total of 4,407,601 non-accidental hospitalizations were collected from 678 hospitals. The estimates of percentage change in hospitalizations per 10 μg/m³ increase in PM2.5-10 at lag01 was 0.68% (95%CI: 0.33%-1.03%) for non-accidental causes, 0.86% (95% CI: 0.36%-1.37%) for circulatory diseases, 1.52% (95% CI: 1.00%-2.05%) for respiratory diseases, 1.08% (95% CI: 0.47%-1.69%) for endocrine diseases, 0.66% (95% CI: 0.12%-1.21%) for nervous system diseases, and 0.84% (95% CI: 0.42%-1.25%) for genitourinary diseases, respectively. The C-R associations of PM2.5-10 with cause-specific hospitalizations suggested some evidence of nonlinearity, except for endocrine diseases. Meanwhile, the adverse effects were modified by age and season. Overall, about 0.70% (95% CI: 0.35%-1.06%) of non-accidental hospitalizations and 0.78% (95% CI: 0.38%-1.17%) of total hospitalization expenses could be attributed to PM2.5-10. The largest morbidity burden and economic costs were observed in respiratory diseases. Our findings indicate that PM2.5-10 exposure may increase the risk of hospitalizations for multiple outcomes, and account for considerable morbidity and economic burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Qiu
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Liya Wang
- Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Health Information Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingping Pan
- Health Information Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
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20
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Al-Kindi SG, Brook RD, Biswal S, Rajagopalan S. Environmental determinants of cardiovascular disease: lessons learned from air pollution. Nat Rev Cardiol 2020; 17:656-672. [PMID: 32382149 PMCID: PMC7492399 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-020-0371-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution is well recognized as a major risk factor for chronic non-communicable diseases and has been estimated to contribute more to global morbidity and mortality than all other known environmental risk factors combined. Although air pollution contains a heterogeneous mixture of gases, the most robust evidence for detrimental effects on health is for fine particulate matter (particles ≤2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5)) and ozone gas and, therefore, these species have been the main focus of environmental health research and regulatory standards. The evidence to date supports a strong link between the risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality with PM2.5 across a range of exposure levels, including to levels below current regulatory standards, with no 'safe' lower exposure levels at the population level. In this comprehensive Review, the empirical evidence supporting the effects of air pollution on cardiovascular health are examined, potential mechanisms that lead to increased cardiovascular risk are described, and measures to reduce this risk and identify key gaps in our knowledge that could help address the increasing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with air pollution are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadeer G Al-Kindi
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, USA
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Robert D Brook
- Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shyam Biswal
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sanjay Rajagopalan
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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21
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Miller MR, Newby DE. Air pollution and cardiovascular disease: car sick. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:279-294. [PMID: 31583404 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiovascular effects of inhaled particle matter (PM) are responsible for a substantial morbidity and mortality attributed to air pollution. Ultrafine particles, like those in diesel exhaust emissions, are a major source of nanoparticles in urban environments, and it is these particles that have the capacity to induce the most significant health effects. Research has shown that diesel exhaust exposure can have many detrimental effects on the cardiovascular system both acutely and chronically. This review provides an overview of the cardiovascular effects on PM in air pollution, with an emphasis on ultrafine particles in vehicle exhaust. We consider the biological mechanisms underlying these cardiovascular effects of PM and postulate that cardiovascular dysfunction may be implicated in the effects of PM in other organ systems. The employment of multiple strategies to tackle air pollution, and especially ultrafine particles from vehicles, is likely to be accompanied by improvements in cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Miller
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH4 3RL, UK
| | - David E Newby
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH4 3RL, UK
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22
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Wu Y, Tian Y, Wang M, Wang X, Wu J, Wang Z, Hu Y. Short-term exposure to air pollution and its interaction effects with two ABO SNPs on blood lipid levels in northern China: A family-based study. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 249:126120. [PMID: 32062209 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We examined the main effects of ambient particulate matters, as well as whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), located within ABO gene would modify the relationship. Data were collected from a family-based study conducted in Northern China. A generalized additive model with a Gaussian link and with each family as a stratum was applied to estimate the percentage change in blood lipid levels following a 10 μg/m3 increase in ambient particulate matter concentrations. Interaction analyses were conducted by including a cross-product term of PM2.5 or PM10 by SNP. Results showed that a 10 μg/m3 increase in Particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) concentrations corresponded to the highest 0.010% (95% CI: 0.002%-0.018%), 0.018% (95% CI: 0.006%-0.029%), 0.019% (95% CI: 0.010%-0.029%) increase in total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), respectively and 0.005% (95% CI: 0.002%-0.008%) decrease in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)-to-LDL-C ratio. As for the PM10, similar results were observed. Furthermore, our finding showed an interaction effect of PM10 and rs505922/rs579459 C allele on TG. Specifically, individuals carrying the rs505922 and rs579459 T allele have higher TG concentrations following PM10 exposure, with a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10 concentrations corresponding to the highest 0.028% and 0.034% increase in TG, respectively. In conclusion, short-term exposures to ambient particulate matters are associated with a higher blood lipid level, which can be modified by ABO polymorphism. The findings may be useful in identifying vulnerable population according to genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaohua Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengying Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Junhui Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zijing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghua Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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Contribution of Satellite-Derived Aerosol Optical Depth PM 2.5 Bayesian Concentration Surfaces to Respiratory-Cardiovascular Chronic Disease Hospitalizations in Baltimore, Maryland. ATMOSPHERE 2020; 11:209. [PMID: 33981453 PMCID: PMC8112581 DOI: 10.3390/atmos11020209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The fine particulate matter baseline (PMB), which includes PM2.5 monitor readings fused with Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model predictions, using the Hierarchical Bayesian Model (HBM), is less accurate in rural areas without monitors. To address this issue, an upgraded HBM was used to form four experimental aerosol optical depth (AOD)-PM2.5 concentration surfaces. A case-crossover design and conditional logistic regression evaluated the contribution of the AOD-PM2.5 surfaces and PMB to four respiratory-cardiovascular hospital events in all 99 12 km2 CMAQ grids, and in grids with and without ambient air monitors. For all four health outcomes, only two AOD-PM2.5 surfaces, one not kriged (PMC) and the other kriged (PMCK), had significantly higher Odds Ratios (ORs) on lag days 0, 1, and 01 than PMB in all grids, and in grids without monitors. In grids with monitors, emergency department (ED) asthma PMCK on lag days 0, 1 and 01 and inpatient (IP) heart failure (HF) PMCK ORs on lag days 01 were significantly higher than PMB ORs. Warm season ORs were significantly higher than cold season ORs. Independent confirmation of these results should include AOD-PM2.5 concentration surfaces with greater temporal-spatial resolution, now easily available from geostationary satellites, such as GOES-16 and GOES-17.
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Gaseous Pollutants and Particulate Matter (PM) in Ambient Air and the Number of New Cases of Type 1 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents in the Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1648264. [PMID: 32099842 PMCID: PMC7036089 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1648264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The increase in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) incidence in children is worrying and not yet fully explored. It is suggested that probably air pollution exposure could contribute to the development of T1DM. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between the concentration of gaseous pollutants including, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitric oxides (NOx), sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and particulate matter (PM) in the air, and the number of new cases of T1DM in children. The number of new cases of T1DM was obtained from the Clinic of Paediatrics, Diabetology, and Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdańsk. The number of children of 0-18 years old in Pomeranian Voivodeship was acquired from the Statistical Yearbook. The concentrations of PM10 absorbance, NO2, NOx, SO2, and CO were measured at 41 measuring posts, between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2016. It was detected that the average annual concentration of PM10 was higher than the value acceptable to the WHO. Furthermore, the average 24-hour concentration of PM10 was 92 μg/m3 and was higher compared to the acceptable value of 50 μg/m3 (acc. to EU and WHO). Moreover, the number of new cases of T1DM showed a correlation with the annual average concentration of PM10 (β = 2.396, p < 0.001), SO2 (β = 2.294, p < 0.001), and CO (β = 2.452, p < 0.001). High exposure to gaseous pollutants and particulate matter in ambient air may be one of the factors contributing to the risk of developing T1DM in children. Therefore, it is important to take action to decrease air pollutant emissions in Poland. It is crucial to gradually but consistently eliminate the use of solid fuels, such as coal and wood in households, in favour of natural gas and electricity. The development of new technologies to improve air quality, such as "best available techniques" (BAT) or renewable energy sources (water, wind, and solar generation) is of critical importance as well.
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Jung EJ, Na W, Lee KE, Jang JY. Elderly Mortality and Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Ozone. J Korean Med Sci 2019; 34:e311. [PMID: 31833266 PMCID: PMC6911868 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2019.34.e311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects on particulate matter (PM) and ozone on health are being reported by a number of studies. The effects of these air pollutants are likely to be stronger in the elderly population, but studies in this regard are scarce. The purpose of this study was to study the effects of PM ≤ 2.5 μ and ozone on chronic health effects of the elderly population. METHODS In order to analyze the health status of the elderly population, National Statistical Office Mortality records were used. In this study, we calculated the number of deaths in Seoul of people who were 60 years or older between 2002 and 2012. The current study analyzed each disorder separately and the lag effect. PM and ozone were analyzed using the single exposure model, as well as the adjusted multi exposure model. RESULTS In the single exposure analysis with PM2.5 as the exposure variable, with the increase of 10 μ/m³, the number of deaths increased by 1.0039 fold, and vascular disease 1.0053 fold. In the multi exposure model adjusting for ozone, the number of deaths increased by 1.0037 fold, and vascular disease 1.0049 fold. In the single exposure analysis with ozone as the exposure variable, with the increase of 10 ppb, the number of deaths increased by 1.0038 fold, and in the multi exposure model adjusting for PM2.5, the number of deaths increased by 1.0027 fold. These results differed depending on the period or season. There was a 5-day lag effect between PM2.5 and deaths in the multi exposure model, and 1.0028 fold when adjusted for ozone. There was a 1-day lag effect in single exposure models with ozone as the main variable, and 1.0027 fold increase in deaths. CONCLUSION In our study, an increase in the number of deaths in the elderly population in accordance with the increase in the PM2.5 and ozone was found. The association found in our study could also influence socioeconomic burden. Future studies need to be performed in regards to younger population, as well as other air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- En Joo Jung
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
| | | | - Kyung Eun Lee
- Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Jae Yeon Jang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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26
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de Paula Ribeiro J, Kalb AC, de Bastos Maya S, Gioda A, Martinez PE, Monserrat JM, Jiménez-Vélez BD, Gioda CR. The impact of polar fraction of the fine particulate matter on redox responses in different rat tissues. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:32476-32487. [PMID: 31617135 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06452-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) contains different chemical substances that have been associated with health effects and an increased risk of mortality due to their toxicity. In this study, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) samples were collected in a region with rural characteristics (Seropédica (Se)) and another with some industries (Duque de Caxias (DC)) (Brazil, RJ). Rats were exposed to PM2.5 extracts daily for 25 days at different dilutions: 10×, 5×, and a concentrated solution (CS). Biochemical analyses were investigated for total antioxidant capacity (ACAP), lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels, reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration, activity of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), and activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST). The liver showed a significant increase in GCL (DC-5×, DC-CS and Se-CS) and GST activities (DC-CS and Se-CS) in both regions when compared to the control group. In the renal cortex, GCL activity decreased in most of the tested groups while GST activity increased only in the 5× groups of both regions (DC and Se). In the renal medulla, GCL activity decreased for Se-10× and DC-CS but increased for Se-5×, and GST activity increased in the Se-10×, DC-5×, and DC-CS groups. Lung GCL increased in all groups for both regions. Moreover, this organ also showed an increase in GST activity when higher metal concentrations were present (5× and CS). TBARS levels were increased for all tissues in most tested concentrations. These data indicate that soluble compounds (e.g., metals) from PM2.5 sampled in areas with different pollution indexes can change the redox status and cause damage to different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim de Paula Ribeiro
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Kalb
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Sabrina de Bastos Maya
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriana Gioda
- Department of Chemistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rua Marques de São Vicente 225, Gávea, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22451-900, Brazil.
| | - Pablo Elias Martinez
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - José Maria Monserrat
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Braulio D Jiménez-Vélez
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Carolina Rosa Gioda
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
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27
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Rajagopalan S, Al-Kindi SG, Brook RD. Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 72:2054-2070. [PMID: 30336830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.07.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 601] [Impact Index Per Article: 120.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) air pollution is the most important environmental risk factor contributing to global cardiovascular (CV) mortality and disability. Short-term elevations in PM2.5 increase the relative risk of acute CV events by 1% to 3% within a few days. Longer-term exposures over several years increase this risk by a larger magnitude (∼10%), which is partially attributable to the development of cardiometabolic conditions (e.g., hypertension and diabetes mellitus). As such, ambient PM2.5 poses a major threat to global public health. In this review, the authors provide an overview of air pollution and health, including assessment of exposure, impact on CV outcomes, mechanistic underpinnings, and impact of air pollution reduction strategies to mitigate CV risk. The review concludes with future challenges, including the inextricable link between air pollution and climate change, and calls for large-scale trials to allow the promulgation of formal evidence-based recommendations to lower air pollution-induced health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Rajagopalan
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio; Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
| | - Sadeer G Al-Kindi
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Robert D Brook
- Michigan Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Ferrari L, Carugno M, Bollati V. Particulate matter exposure shapes DNA methylation through the lifespan. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:129. [PMID: 31470889 PMCID: PMC6717322 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0726-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM) has been associated with detrimental health effects. DNA methylation represents the most well-studied epigenetic factor among the possible mechanisms underlying this association. Interestingly, changes of DNA methylation in response to environmental stimuli are being considered for their role in the pathogenic mechanism, but also as mediators of the body adaptation to air pollutants.Several studies have evaluated both global and gene-specific methylation in relation to PM exposure in different clinical conditions and life stages. The purpose of the present literature review is to evaluate the most relevant and recent studies in the field in order to analyze the available evidences on long- and short-term PM exposure and DNA methylation changes, with a particular focus on the different life stages when the alteration occurs. PM exposure modulates DNA methylation affecting several biological mechanisms with marked effects on health, especially during susceptible life stages such as pregnancy, childhood, and the older age.Although many cross-sectional investigations have been conducted so far, only a limited number of prospective studies have explored the potential role of DNA methylation. Future studies are needed in order to evaluate whether these changes might be reverted.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ferrari
- EPIGET-Epidemiology, Epigenetics and Toxicology Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, via San Barnaba 8, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - M Carugno
- EPIGET-Epidemiology, Epigenetics and Toxicology Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, via San Barnaba 8, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - V Bollati
- EPIGET-Epidemiology, Epigenetics and Toxicology Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, via San Barnaba 8, 20122, Milan, Italy.
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29
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Bo Y, Guo C, Lin C, Chang LY, Chan TC, Huang B, Lee KP, Tam T, Lau AKH, Lao XQ, Yeoh EK. Dynamic Changes in Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Particulate Matter and Incidence of Hypertension in Adults. Hypertension 2019; 74:669-677. [PMID: 31303109 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.13212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many countries dedicated in mitigation of air pollution in the past several decades. However, little is known about how air quality improvement affects health. Therefore, we conducted current study to investigate dynamic changes in long-term exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM2.5) and incidence of hypertension in a large longitudinal cohort. We recruited 134 978 adults aged 18 years or above between 2001 and 2014. All the participants received a series of standard medical examinations, including measurements of blood pressure. The PM2.5 concentration was estimated using a satellite-based spatiotemporal model at a high resolution (1×1 km2). The change in long-term exposure to PM2.5 (ΔPM2.5) was defined as the difference between the values measured during follow-up and during the immediately preceding visit, and a negative value indicated an improvement in PM2.5 air quality. Time-varying Cox model was used to examine the associations between ΔPM2.5 and the development of hypertension. The results show that PM2.5 concentrations increased in 2002, 2003, and 2004, but began to decrease in 2005. Every 5 µg/m3 change in exposure to PM2.5 (ie, a ΔPM2.5 of 5 µg/m3) was associated with a 16% change in the incidence of hypertension (hazard ratio, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.82-0.86). Both stratified and sensitivity analyses generally yielded similar results. We found that an improvement in PM2.5 exposure is associated with a decreased incidence of hypertension. Our findings demonstrate that air pollution mitigation is an effective strategy to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yacong Bo
- From the Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care (Y.B., C.G., K.-P.L., X.Q.L., E.-K.Y.), the Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - Cui Guo
- From the Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care (Y.B., C.G., K.-P.L., X.Q.L., E.-K.Y.), the Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - Changqing Lin
- Division of Environment and Sustainability (C.L., A.K.H.L.), the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology.,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (C.L., A.K.H.L.), the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
| | - Ly-Yun Chang
- Gratia Christian College, Hong Kong (L.-Y.C.).,Institute of Sociology (L.-Y.C), Academia Sinica, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Chien Chan
- Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences (T.-C.C.), Academia Sinica, Taiwan.,Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan (T.-C.C.)
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Geography and Resource Management (B.H.), the Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - Kam-Pui Lee
- From the Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care (Y.B., C.G., K.-P.L., X.Q.L., E.-K.Y.), the Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - Tony Tam
- Department of Sociology (T.T.), the Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - Alexis K H Lau
- Division of Environment and Sustainability (C.L., A.K.H.L.), the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology.,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (C.L., A.K.H.L.), the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
| | - Xiang Qian Lao
- From the Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care (Y.B., C.G., K.-P.L., X.Q.L., E.-K.Y.), the Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - Eng-Kiong Yeoh
- From the Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care (Y.B., C.G., K.-P.L., X.Q.L., E.-K.Y.), the Chinese University of Hong Kong.,Shenzhen Research Institute of The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China (X.Q.L.)
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30
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Deng Q, Deng L, Miao Y, Guo X, Li Y. Particle deposition in the human lung: Health implications of particulate matter from different sources. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 169:237-245. [PMID: 30476747 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Although ambient particulate matter or particles have been found to be associated with morbidity and mortality all over the world, specific health effects of particles from different sources need further elucidation. The objective of this work is to predict the deposition of particles from different sources in the human lung. The whole lung, consisting of 24 generations of branches from trachea to alveoli, was approximated using a one-dimensional lumped "trumpet" model with a variable cross-sectional area. The aerosol dynamics equation was numerically solved using a finite difference method to investigate the transport and deposition of particles in the lung model. Particles from various sources were assumed to be different in both size and density. We found that in general, coarse particles (> 2.5 µm) were mainly deposited in the tracheobronchial (TB) region by impaction, and fine particles (< 2.5 µm) were mainly deposited in the pulmonary (P) region by sedimentation and diffusion. However, the coarse particles with low density can be deposited in P region by sedimentation. As a comparison, our results found that soil particles, which are coarse with low density, were deposited in the deep lung more than traffic particles, which are fine with high density. Modeling of particle deposition in the human lung indicated that coarse particles generated by crustal sources may have adverse health effects as strong as those resulting from fine particles generated from combustion sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihong Deng
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Linjing Deng
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yufeng Miao
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Xilong Guo
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yuguo Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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31
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Molina-Sotomayor E, González Orb M, Pradas de la Fuente F, Carozzi Figueroa G, Sánchez-Oliver AJ, González-Jurado JA. Effects of Cardiorespiratory Exercise on Cognition in Older Women Exposed to Air Pollution. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16020245. [PMID: 30654519 PMCID: PMC6352227 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16020245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to analyze the effects of cardiorespiratory exercise and air pollution on cognition and cardiovascular markers in four groups of older women: the active/clean air group (AC), the active/polluted air group (AP), the sedentary/clean air group (SC), and the sedentary/polluted air group (SP). Active groups performed a training task based on progressive walking. Prior to and after the experiment, the following parameters were assessed: cognition, by Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE); maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max), estimated by the Six-Minute Walk Test (6mWT); heart rate (HR); and oxygen saturation (SpO2). There were significant differences (p < 0.05) between the AC and the SP in all the MMSE dimensions except “Registration”, and in all the physiological variables (VO2max, SpO2, HR). Aerobic exercise may be a protective factor against the effects that pollution have on cognition and on the mechanisms of oxygen transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgardo Molina-Sotomayor
- Departamento de Educación Física, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Santiago 7760197, Chile.
| | - Marcelo González Orb
- Departamento de Educación Física, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Santiago 7760197, Chile.
| | | | - Giovanni Carozzi Figueroa
- Departamento de Educación Física, Universidad San Sebastián-Chile, Recoleta, Santiago 8420000, Chile.
| | - Antonio Jesús Sánchez-Oliver
- Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla 41013, Spain.
- Área de Motricidad Humana y Rendimiento Deportivo, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla 41013, Spain.
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32
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Chen R, Yin P, Meng X, Wang L, Liu C, Niu Y, Liu Y, Liu J, Qi J, You J, Kan H, Zhou M. Associations between Coarse Particulate Matter Air Pollution and Cause-Specific Mortality: A Nationwide Analysis in 272 Chinese Cities. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2019; 127:17008. [PMID: 30702928 PMCID: PMC6378682 DOI: 10.1289/ehp2711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coarse particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter between 2.5 and [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) air pollution is a severe environmental problem in developing countries, but its challenges to public health were rarely evaluated. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the associations between day-to-day changes in [Formula: see text] and cause-specific mortality in China. METHODS We conducted a nationwide daily time-series analysis in 272 main Chinese cities from 2013 to 2015. The associations between [Formula: see text] concentrations and mortality were analyzed in each city using overdispersed generalized additive models. Two-stage Bayesian hierarchical models were used to estimate national and regional average associations, and random-effect models were used to pool city-specific concentration-response curves. Two-pollutant models were adjusted for fine particles with aerodynamic diameter [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) or gaseous pollutants. RESULTS Overall, we observed positive and approximately linear concentration-response associations between [Formula: see text] and daily mortality. A [Formula: see text] increase in [Formula: see text] was associated with higher mortality due to nonaccidental causes [0.23%; 95% posterior interval (PI): 0.13, 0.33], cardiovascular diseases (CVDs; 0.25%; 95% PI: 0.13, 0.37), coronary heart disease (CHD; 0.21%; 95% PI: 0.05, 0.36), stroke (0.21%; 95% PI: 0.08, 0.35), respiratory diseases (0.26%; 95% PI: 0.07, 0.46), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; 0.34%; 95% PI: 0.12, 0.57). Associations were stronger for cities in southern vs. northern China, with significant differences for total and cardiovascular mortality. Associations with [Formula: see text] were of similar magnitude to those for [Formula: see text] in both single- and two-pollutant models with mutual adjustment. Associations were robust to adjustment for gaseous pollutants other than nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide. Meta-regression indicated that a larger positive correlation between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] predicted stronger city-specific associations between [Formula: see text] and total mortality. CONCLUSIONS This analysis showed significant associations between short-term [Formula: see text] exposure and daily nonaccidental and cardiopulmonary mortality based on data from 272 cities located throughout China. Associations appeared to be independent of exposure to [Formula: see text], carbon monoxide, and ozone. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2711.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Yin
- National Center for Chronic Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Meng
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lijun Wang
- National Center for Chronic Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Liu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Niu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunning Liu
- National Center for Chronic Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangmei Liu
- National Center for Chronic Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jinlei Qi
- National Center for Chronic Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jinling You
- National Center for Chronic Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Center for Children's Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Maigeng Zhou
- National Center for Chronic Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Dolci M, Favero C, Bollati V, Campo L, Cattaneo A, Bonzini M, Villani S, Ticozzi R, Ferrante P, Delbue S. Particulate matter exposure increases JC polyomavirus replication in the human host. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 241:234-239. [PMID: 29857306 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human polyomaviruses (HPyVs) asymptomatically infect the human population during childhood and establish latency in the host. Viral reactivation and urinary excretion can occur when the immune system is impaired. Exposure to particulate air pollution, including the PM10/PM2.5 components, is a public health problem and has been linked to several disorders. Studies assessing the relationship between PM10/PM2.5 exposure and viral replication are lacking. OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationship between HPyVs viruria and PM10/PM2.5 exposures. METHODS Individual environmental exposure was assessed in 50 healthy adult volunteers using a chemical transport model (CTM) with a municipality resolution for daily PM10 and monitoring stations data for daily PM2.5 exposures. For each subject, a urine sample was collected, and HPyVs (JCPyV, BKPyV, MCPyV, HPyV6, HPyV7 and HPyV9) loads were determined. Zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) regression was used to model the count data, as it contained excessive zeros. Covariates were chosen by stepwise selection. RESULTS HPyVs DNA was detected in 54% (median:87.6*105 copies/ml) of the urine samples. JCPyV was the prevalent (48%, (median viral load:126*105 copies/ml). Considering the load of the most frequently measured HPyVs, JCPyV, in the count-part of the ZINB model, every unitary in PM measured 2 days before urine collection (PM Day -2) was associated with an increase in JCPyV load (PM10: +4.0%, p-value = 0.002; PM2.5: +3.6%, p-value = 0.005). In the zero-part, the significant predictor was the PM10 measured 5 days before urine collection (+3%, p-value = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS The environmental levels of PM10/PM2.5 increase the JCPyV viruria. Our findings emphasize the need for studies assessing the influence of air pollution exposure on the risk of viral reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dolci
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Carlo Pascal, 36, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Favero
- EPIGET - Epidemiology, Epigenetics and Toxicology Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via San Barnaba 8, Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Bollati
- EPIGET - Epidemiology, Epigenetics and Toxicology Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via San Barnaba 8, Milano, Italy; Department of Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCSS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via San Barnaba 8, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Campo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCSS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via San Barnaba 8, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Cattaneo
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio, 11, Como, Italy
| | - Matteo Bonzini
- EPIGET - Epidemiology, Epigenetics and Toxicology Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via San Barnaba 8, Milano, Italy; Department of Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCSS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via San Barnaba 8, Milan, Italy
| | - Sonia Villani
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Carlo Pascal, 36, Milano, Italy
| | - Rosalia Ticozzi
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Carlo Pascal, 36, Milano, Italy
| | - Pasquale Ferrante
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Carlo Pascal, 36, Milano, Italy
| | - Serena Delbue
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Carlo Pascal, 36, Milano, Italy.
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Nirel R, Adar SD, Dayan U, Vakulenko-Lagun B, Golovner M, Levy I, Alon Z, Peretz A. Fine and Coarse Particulate Matter Exposures and Associations with Acute Cardiac Events among Participants in a Telemedicine Service: A Case-Crossover Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2018; 126:97003. [PMID: 30203992 PMCID: PMC6375393 DOI: 10.1289/ehp2596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subclinical cardiovascular changes have been associated with ambient particulate matter (PM) exposures within hours. Although the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency continues to look for additional evidence of effects associated with sub-daily PM exposure, this information is still limited because most studies of clinical events have lacked data on the onset time of symptoms to assess rapid increased risk. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to investigate associations between sub-daily exposures to PM and acute cardiac events using telemedicine data. METHODS We conducted a case-crossover study among telemedicine participants [Formula: see text] of age who called a service center for cardiac-related symptoms and were transferred to a hospital in Tel Aviv and Haifa, Israel (2002-2013). Ambient [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] measured by monitors located in each city during the hours before the patient called with symptoms were compared with matched control periods. We investigated the sensitivity of these associations to more accurate symptom onset time and greater certainty of diagnosis. RESULTS We captured 12,661 calls from 7,617 subscribers experiencing ischemic (19%), arrhythmic (31%), or nonspecific (49%) cardiac events. PM concentrations were associated with small increases in the odds of cardiac events. For example, odds ratios for any cardiac event in association with a [Formula: see text] increase in 6-h and 24-h average [Formula: see text] were 1.008 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.998, 1.018] and 1.006 (95% CI: 0.995, 1.018), respectively, and for [Formula: see text] were 1.003 (95% CI: 1.001, 1.006) and 1.003 (95% CI: 1.000, 1.007), respectively. Associations were stronger when using exposures matched to the call time rather than calendar date and for events with higher certainty of the diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis of telemedicine data suggests that risks of cardiac events in telemedicine participants [Formula: see text] of age may increase within hours of PM exposures. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2596.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Nirel
- 1 Department of Statistics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sara D Adar
- 2 Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Uri Dayan
- 3 Department of Geography, Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | - Ilan Levy
- 5 Center of Excellence in Exposure Science and Environmental Health, Technion , Haifa, Israel
| | - Zvi Alon
- 1 Department of Statistics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alon Peretz
- 6 Occupational Medicine Clinic, Rabin Medical Center , Petah Tiqua, Israel
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Yang J, Huo T, Zhang X, Ma J, Wang Y, Dong F, Deng J. Oxidative stress and cell cycle arrest induced by short-term exposure to dustfall PM 2.5 in A549 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:22408-22419. [PMID: 29098582 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0430-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
It was reported that in vitro short-term exposure to PM2.5 caused different lung diseases through inflammatory response, immune toxicity, oxidative stress, and genetic mutations. However, the complex molecular biological mechanism for its toxicity had not been fully elucidated. Therefore, the present study investigated the cytotoxicity, oxidative damage, mitochondria damage, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest of NX and QH PM2.5 in A549 cells. Further, cell cycle arrest-related gene levels in PM2.5-induced A549 cells were also detected. Our results suggested that PM2.5 reduced the cell viability in A549 cells. Simultaneously, excessive ROS decreased MMP levels and damaged mitochondrial membrane integrity and induced mitochondrial oxidative damage through the oxygen-dependent killer route, resulting in mitochondrial damage and cell apoptosis. Besides, the results also showed that PM2.5 induced A549 cell cycle alteration in G2/M phase after co-culture for 24 h. G2/M phase arrest was induced by upregulation of p53 and p21 and downregulation of CDK1 mRNA expression. In addition, lncRNA Sox2ot might play an important role as the specific oncogenes and it participated in G2/M phase arrest by regulating the expression of EZH2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China
| | - Tingting Huo
- School of Environmental Resource and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan Province, 621003, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Medical Laboratory, Sichuan Mianyang 404 hospital, No.2 Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Mianyang, Sichuan Province, 621000, China
| | - Jie Ma
- School of Environmental Resource and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan Province, 621003, China
| | - Yulin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China
| | - Faqin Dong
- School of Environmental Resource and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan Province, 621003, China
| | - Jianjun Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China.
- Medical Laboratory, Sichuan Mianyang 404 hospital, No.2 Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Mianyang, Sichuan Province, 621000, China.
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Abstract
Air pollution has a great impact on health, representing one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Previous experimental and epidemiological studies suggested the role of pollutants as risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. For this reason, international guidelines included specific statements regarding the contribution of particulate matter exposure to increase the risk of these events. In this review, we summarise the main evidence concerning the mechanisms involved in the processes linking air pollutants to the development of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Vidale
- 1 Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Sant'Anna Hospital, Italy
| | - Carlo Campana
- 2 Department of Cardiology, Sant'Anna Hospital, Italy
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Liu S, Brook RD, Huang W, Fan Z, Xu H, Wu R, Sun Z, Zhao X, Ruan Y, Yan J, Sun L, Liang R, Lian H, Gu D, Rajagopalan S. Extreme levels of ambient air pollution adversely impact cardiac and central aortic hemodynamics: the AIRCMD-China study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 11:754-761.e3. [PMID: 29031802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ambient air pollution is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms have yet to be fully elucidated. We performed a panel study on 65 nonsmoking patients with metabolic syndrome, with four repeated clinical visits between 2012 and 2013 in Beijing, China. Cardiac and central aortic hemodynamic parameters were measured by pulse wave analyses as subendocardial viability ratio, ejection duration, and central aortic pressure. We also calculated rate-pressure product parameter and collected peripheral blood for analyses. High levels of ambient particulate matter with diameter ≤10 and 2.5 μm (PM10 and PM2.5), black carbon, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide were 121.3, 99.5, 6.5, 24.5, and 59.2 μg/m3, respectively. Short- to medium-term exposures to high levels of ambient air pollution adversely impacted central hemodynamics-derived surrogates of myocardial perfusion and oxygen demand. Each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with significant decreases of 0.67% (95% confidence interval: -2.84, -0.22) in subendocardial viability ratio at moving average 35 days (MA35) and an increase of 0.31 in rate-pressure product (95% confidence interval: 0.03, 0.59) at MA5. In conclusion, our results suggest that impaired myocardial perfusion and increased myocardial oxygen demand may play importantly mechanistic roles in air pollution-attributed cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Robert D Brook
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhongjie Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbing Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Rongshan Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Zhichao Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xiaoyi Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanping Ruan
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lixian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruijuan Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Lian
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dongfeng Gu
- Department of Epidemiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sanjay Rajagopalan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Pergoli L, Cantone L, Favero C, Angelici L, Iodice S, Pinatel E, Hoxha M, Dioni L, Letizia M, Albetti B, Tarantini L, Rota F, Bertazzi PA, Tirelli AS, Dolo V, Cattaneo A, Vigna L, Battaglia C, Carugno M, Bonzini M, Pesatori AC, Bollati V. Extracellular vesicle-packaged miRNA release after short-term exposure to particulate matter is associated with increased coagulation. Part Fibre Toxicol 2017; 14:32. [PMID: 28899404 PMCID: PMC5594543 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-017-0214-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to particulate matter (PM) is associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular disease and increased coagulation, but the molecular mechanisms underlying these associations remain unknown. Obesity may increase susceptibility to the adverse effects of PM exposure, exacerbating the effects on cardiovascular diseases. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which travel in body fluids and transfer microRNAs (miRNAs) between tissues, might play an important role in PM-induced cardiovascular risk. We sought to determine whether the levels of PM with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 μm (PM10) are associated with changes in fibrinogen levels, EV release, and the miRNA content of EVs (EV-miRNAs), investigating 1630 overweight/obese subjects from the SPHERE Study. RESULTS Short-term exposure to PM10 (Day before blood drawing) was associated with an increased release of EVs quantified by nanoparticle tracking analysis, especially EVs derived from monocyte/macrophage components (CD14+) and platelets (CD61+) which were characterized by flow cytometry. We first profiled miRNAs of 883 subjects by the QuantStudio™ 12 K Flex Real Time PCR System and the top 40 EV-miRNAs were validated through custom miRNA plates. Nine EV-miRNAs (let-7c-5p; miR-106a-5p; miR-143-3p; miR-185-5p; miR-218-5p; miR-331-3p; miR-642-5p; miR-652-3p; miR-99b-5p) were downregulated in response to PM10 exposure and exhibited putative roles in cardiovascular disease, as highlighted by integrated network analysis. PM10 exposure was significantly associated with elevated fibrinogen levels, and five of the nine downregulated EV-miRNAs were mediators between PM10 exposure and fibrinogen levels. CONCLUSIONS Research on EVs opens a new path to the investigation of the adverse health effects of air pollution exposure. EVs have the potential to act both as markers of PM susceptibility and as potential molecular mechanism in the chain of events connecting PM exposure to increased coagulation, which is frequently linked to exposure and CVD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pergoli
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via san Barnaba 8, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Cantone
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via san Barnaba 8, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Favero
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via san Barnaba 8, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Angelici
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via san Barnaba 8, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Iodice
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Unit of Occupational Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Eva Pinatel
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies (ITB), National Research Council (CNR), Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Mirjam Hoxha
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via san Barnaba 8, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Dioni
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via san Barnaba 8, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Marilena Letizia
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via san Barnaba 8, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Benedetta Albetti
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via san Barnaba 8, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Tarantini
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via san Barnaba 8, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Rota
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Unit of Occupational Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Pier Alberto Bertazzi
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via san Barnaba 8, 20122, Milan, Italy.,Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Unit of Occupational Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Amedea Silvia Tirelli
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Unit of Occupational Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenza Dolo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Andrea Cattaneo
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Luisella Vigna
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Unit of Occupational Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Battaglia
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20129, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Carugno
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via san Barnaba 8, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Bonzini
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via san Barnaba 8, 20122, Milan, Italy.,Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Unit of Occupational Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Cecilia Pesatori
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via san Barnaba 8, 20122, Milan, Italy.,Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Unit of Occupational Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Bollati
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via san Barnaba 8, 20122, Milan, Italy. .,Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Unit of Occupational Medicine, Milan, Italy.
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D'Souza JC, Kawut SM, Elkayam LR, Sheppard L, Thorne PS, Jacobs DR, Bluemke DA, Lima JAC, Kaufman JD, Larson TV, Adar SD. Ambient Coarse Particulate Matter and the Right Ventricle: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:077019. [PMID: 28760719 PMCID: PMC5744657 DOI: 10.1289/ehp658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coarse particulate matter (P10-2.5) is primarily mechanically generated and includes crustal material, brake and tire wear, and biological particles. PM10-2.5 is associated with pulmonary disease, which can lead to right ventricular (RV) dysfunction. Although RV characteristics have been associated with combustion-related pollutants, relationships with PM10-2.5 remain unknown. OBJECTIVES To quantify cross-sectional associations between RV dysfunction and PM10-2.5 mass and components among older adults and susceptible populations. METHODS We used baseline cardiac magnetic resonance images from 1,490 participants (45-84 y old) from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and assigned 5-y residential concentrations of PM10-2.5 mass, copper, zinc, phosphorus, silicon, and endotoxin, using land-use regression models. We quantified associations with RV mass, end-diastolic volume, and ejection fraction after control for risk factors and copollutants using linear regression. We further examined personal susceptibility. RESULTS We found positive associations of RV mass and, to a lesser extent, end diastolic volume with PM10-2.5 mass among susceptible populations including smokers and persons with emphysema. After adjustment for copollutants, an interquartile range increase in PM10-2.5 mass (2.2 μg/m3) was associated with 0.5 g (95% CI: 0.0, 1.0), 0.9 g (95% CI: 0.1, 1.7), and 1.4 g (95% CI: 0.4, 2.5) larger RV mass among former smokers, current smokers, and persons with emphysema, respectively. No associations were found with healthy individuals or with ejection fraction. CONCLUSIONS Alterations to RV structure may represent a mechanism by which long-term PM10-2.5 exposure increases risks for adverse respiratory and cardiovascular outcomes, especially among certain susceptible populations. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP658.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C D'Souza
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Steven M Kawut
- Department of Medicine, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Laura R Elkayam
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lianne Sheppard
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Peter S Thorne
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - David R Jacobs
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - David A Bluemke
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Joao A C Lima
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Joel D Kaufman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Timothy V Larson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington College of Engineering, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sara D Adar
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Vieira JL, Macedo FY, Benjo AM, Guimarães GV, Contreras JP, Bocchi EA. Systemic effects of controlled exposure to diesel exhaust: a meta-analysis from randomized controlled trials. Ann Med 2017; 49:165-175. [PMID: 27763780 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2016.1252054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ambient air pollution is associated with adverse cardiovascular events. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the short-term association between air pollution and cardiovascular effects on healthy volunteers. METHODS We searched databases to identify randomized trials with controlled human exposures to either of two models for studying ambient particulate matter: diesel-exhaust or concentrated ambient particles. Estimates of size effect were performed using standardized mean difference (SMD). Heterogeneity was assessed with I2 statistics. Outcomes were vascular function estimated by forearm blood flow (FBF), blood pressure, heart rate, and blood analysis. RESULTS Database searches yielded 17 articles (n = 342) with sufficient information for meta-analyses. High levels of heterogeneity for the some outcomes were analyzed using random-effects model. The pooled effect estimate showed that short-term exposure to air pollution impaired FBF response from 2.7 to 2.5 mL/100 mL tissue/min (SMD 0.404; p = .006). There was an increase in 5000 platelet/mm3 following pollution exposure (SMD 0.390; p = .050) but no significant differences for other outcomes. CONCLUSION Controlled human exposures to air pollution are associated with the surrogates of vascular dysfunction and increase in platelet count, which might be related to adverse cardiovascular events. Given the worldwide prevalence of exposure to air pollution, these findings are relevant for public health. KEY MESSAGES Controlled exposure to air pollution impairs vasomotor response, which is a surrogate for adverse cardiovascular events. This is the first meta-analysis from randomized clinical trials showing short-term association between air pollution and cardiovascular effects on healthy volunteers. Given the worldwide prevalence of exposure to air pollution, this finding is important for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson Luis Vieira
- a Department of Heart Failure , Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | | | | | - Guilherme V Guimarães
- a Department of Heart Failure , Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Johanna Paola Contreras
- d Department of Cardiology , Heart and Failure Transplant, Mount Sinai Hospital , New York , NY , USA
| | - Edimar A Bocchi
- a Department of Heart Failure , Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School , Sao Paulo , Brazil
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) air pollution is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, the impact of PM on clinical risk factors for CVD in healthy subjects is unclear. We examined the relationship of PM with levels of circulating lipids and blood pressure in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), a large nationally representative US survey. METHODS This study was based on 11,623 adult participants of NHANES III (1988-1994; median age 41.0). Serum lipids and blood pressure were measured during the NHANES III examination. Average exposure for 1988-1994 to particulate matter <10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10) at the residences of participants was estimated based on measurements from US Environmental Protection Agency monitors. Multivariate linear regression was used to estimate the associations of PM10 with lipids and blood pressure. RESULTS An interquartile range width increase in PM10 exposure (11.1 μg/m) in the study population was associated with 2.42% greater serum triglycerides (95% confidence interval: 1.09, 3.76); multivariate adjusted means of triglycerides according to increasing quartiles of PM10 were 137.6, 142.5, 142.6, and 148.9 mg/dl, respectively. An interquartile range width increase in PM10 was associated with 1.43% greater total cholesterol (95% confidence interval: 1.21, 1.66). These relationships with triglycerides and total cholesterol did not differ by age or region. Associations of PM10 with blood pressure were modest. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this large, diverse study indicate that greater long-term PM10 exposure is associated with elevated serum triglycerides and total cholesterol, potentially mediating air pollution-related effects on CVD.
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Stiegel MA, Pleil JD, Sobus JR, Stevens T, Madden MC. Linking physiological parameters to perturbations in the human exposome: Environmental exposures modify blood pressure and lung function via inflammatory cytokine pathway. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 80:485-501. [PMID: 28696913 PMCID: PMC6089069 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1330578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Human biomonitoring is an indispensable tool for evaluating the systemic effects derived from external stressors including environmental pollutants, chemicals from consumer products, and pharmaceuticals. The aim of this study was to explore consequences of environmental exposures to diesel exhaust (DE) and ozone (O3) and ultimately to interpret these parameters from the perspective of in vitro to in vivo extrapolation. In particular, the objective was to use cytokine expression at the cellular level as a biomarker for physiological systemic responses such as blood pressure and lung function at the systemic level. The values obtained could ultimately link in vivo behavior to simpler in vitro experiments where cytokines are a measured parameter. Human exposures to combinations of DE and O3 and the response correlations between forced exhaled volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively), and 10 inflammatory cytokines in blood (interleukins 1β, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 12p70 and 13, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) were determined in 15 healthy human volunteers. Results across all exposures revealed that certain individuals displayed greater inflammatory responses compared to the group and, generally, there was more between-person variation in the responses. Evidence indicates that individuals are more stable within themselves and are more likely to exhibit responses independent of one another. Data suggest that in vitro findings may ultimately be implemented to elucidate underlying adverse outcome pathways (AOP) for linking high-throughput toxicity tests to physiological in vivo responses. Further, this investigation supports assessing subjects based upon individual responses as a complement to standard longitudinal (pre vs. post) intervention grouping strategies. Ultimately, it may become possible to predict a physiological (systemic) response based upon cellular-level (in vitro) observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Stiegel
- a Duke University Medical Center , Department of Occupational and Environmental Safety , Durham , NC , US
| | - Joachim D Pleil
- b United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Lab , Exposure Methods and Measurement Division , Research Triangle Park , NC , US
| | - Jon R Sobus
- b United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Lab , Exposure Methods and Measurement Division , Research Triangle Park , NC , US
| | - Tina Stevens
- c United States Environmental Protection Agency , National Health and Environmental Effects Research Lab, Environmental Public Health Division , Chapel Hill , NC , US
| | - Michael C Madden
- c United States Environmental Protection Agency , National Health and Environmental Effects Research Lab, Environmental Public Health Division , Chapel Hill , NC , US
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Chan EAW, Buckley B, Farraj AK, Thompson LC. The heart as an extravascular target of endothelin-1 in particulate matter-induced cardiac dysfunction. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 165:63-78. [PMID: 27222357 PMCID: PMC6390286 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to particulate matter air pollution has been causally linked to cardiovascular disease in humans. Several broad and overlapping hypotheses describing the biological mechanisms by which particulate matter exposure leads to cardiovascular disease have been explored, although linkage with specific factors or genes remains limited. These hypotheses may or may not also lead to particulate matter-induced cardiac dysfunction. Evidence pointing to autocrine/paracrine signaling systems as modulators of cardiac dysfunction has increased interest in the emerging role of endothelins as mediators of cardiac function following particulate matter exposure. Endothelin-1, a well-described small peptide expressed in the pulmonary and cardiovascular systems, is best known for its ability to constrict blood vessels, although it can also induce extravascular effects. Research on the role of endothelins in the context of air pollution has largely focused on vascular effects, with limited investigation of responses resulting from the direct effects of endothelins on cardiac tissue. This represents a significant knowledge gap in air pollution health effects research, given the abundance of endothelin receptors found on cardiac tissue and the ability of endothelin-1 to modulate cardiac contractility, heart rate, and rhythm. The plausibility of endothelin-1 as a mediator of particulate matter-induced cardiac dysfunction is further supported by the therapeutic utility of certain endothelin receptor antagonists. The present review examines the possibility that endothelin-1 release caused by exposure to PM directly modulates extravascular effects on the heart, deleteriously altering cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A W Chan
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Fellow at the National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Barbara Buckley
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Aimen K Farraj
- Environmental Public Health Division, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Leslie C Thompson
- Environmental Public Health Division, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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Holland NA, Thompson LC, Vidanapathirana AK, Urankar RN, Lust RM, Fennell TR, Wingard CJ. Impact of pulmonary exposure to gold core silver nanoparticles of different size and capping agents on cardiovascular injury. Part Fibre Toxicol 2016; 13:48. [PMID: 27558113 PMCID: PMC4997661 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-016-0159-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The uses of engineered nanomaterials have expanded in biomedical technology and consumer manufacturing. Furthermore, pulmonary exposure to various engineered nanomaterials has, likewise, demonstrated the ability to exacerbate cardiac ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the influence of particle size or capping agent remains unclear. In an effort to address these influences we explored response to 2 different size gold core nanosilver particles (AgNP) with two different capping agents at 2 different time points. We hypothesized that a pulmonary exposure to AgNP induces cardiovascular toxicity influenced by inflammation and vascular dysfunction resulting in expansion of cardiac I/R Injury that is sensitive to particle size and the capping agent. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 200 μg of 20 or 110 nm polyvinylprryolidone (PVP) or citrate capped AgNP. One and 7 days following intratracheal instillation serum was analyzed for concentrations of selected cytokines; cardiac I/R injury and isolated coronary artery and aorta segment were assessed for constrictor responses and endothelial dependent relaxation and endothelial independent nitric oxide dependent relaxation. RESULTS AgNP instillation resulted in modest increase in selected serum cytokines with elevations in IL-2, IL-18, and IL-6. Instillation resulted in a derangement of vascular responses to constrictors serotonin or phenylephrine, as well as endothelial dependent relaxations with acetylcholine or endothelial independent relaxations by sodium nitroprusside in a capping and size dependent manner. Exposure to both 20 and 110 nm AgNP resulted in exacerbation cardiac I/R injury 1 day following IT instillation independent of capping agent with 20 nm AgNP inducing marginally greater injury. Seven days following IT instillation the expansion of I/R injury persisted but the greatest injury was associated with exposure to 110 nm PVP capped AgNP resulted in nearly a two-fold larger infarct size compared to naïve. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to AgNP may result in vascular dysfunction, a potentially maladaptive sensitization of the immune system to respond to a secondary insult (e.g., cardiac I/R) which may drive expansion of I/R injury at 1 and 7 days following IT instillation where the extent of injury could be correlated with capping agents and AgNP size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A. Holland
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834 USA
| | - Leslie C. Thompson
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834 USA
| | - Achini K. Vidanapathirana
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834 USA
| | - Rahkee N. Urankar
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834 USA
| | - Robert M. Lust
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834 USA
| | - Timothy R. Fennell
- RTI International, Discovery Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 USA
| | - Christopher J. Wingard
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834 USA
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Adhikari R, D'Souza J, Soliman EZ, Burke GL, Daviglus ML, Jacobs DR, Park SK, Sheppard L, Thorne PS, Kaufman JD, Larson TV, Adar SD. Long-term Coarse Particulate Matter Exposure and Heart Rate Variability in the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Epidemiology 2016; 27:405-13. [PMID: 27035690 PMCID: PMC5472334 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000000455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced heart rate variability, a marker of impaired cardiac autonomic function, has been linked to short-term exposure to airborne particles. This research adds to the literature by examining associations with long-term exposures to coarse particles (PM10-2.5). METHODS Using electrocardiogram recordings from 2,780 participants (45-84 years) from three Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis sites, we assessed the standard deviation of normal to normal intervals and root-mean square differences of successive normal to normal intervals at a baseline (2000-2002) and follow-up (2010-2012) examination (mean visits/person = 1.5). Annual average concentrations of PM10-2.5 mass, copper, zinc, phosphorus, silicon, and endotoxin were estimated using site-specific spatial prediction models. We assessed associations for baseline heart rate variability and rate of change in heart rate variability over time using multivariable mixed models adjusted for time, sociodemographic, lifestyle, health, and neighborhood confounders, including copollutants. RESULTS In our primary models adjusted for demographic and lifestyle factors and site, PM10-2.5 mass was associated with 1.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: -4.1, 2.1%) lower standard deviation of normal to normal interval levels per interquartile range of 2 μg/m. Stronger associations, however, were observed before site adjustment and with increasing residential stability. Similar patterns were found for root-mean square differences of successive normal to normal intervals. We found little evidence for associations with other chemical species and with the rate of change in heart rate variability, though endotoxin was associated with increasing heart rate variability over time. CONCLUSION We found only weak evidence that long-term PM10-2.5 exposures are associated with lowered heart rate variability. Stronger associations among residentially stable individuals suggest that confirmatory studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Adhikari
- From the aDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI; bDivision of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University, Wake Forest, NC; cInstitute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago and Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; dDivision of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; eDepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; fDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; gDepartment of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; hDepartments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; and iDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Byrd JB, Morishita M, Bard RL, Das R, Wang L, Sun Z, Spino C, Harkema J, Dvonch JT, Rajagopalan S, Brook RD. Acute increase in blood pressure during inhalation of coarse particulate matter air pollution from an urban location. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 10:133-139.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Zhong J, Cayir A, Trevisi L, Sanchez-Guerra M, Lin X, Peng C, Bind MA, Prada D, Laue H, Brennan KJM, Dereix A, Sparrow D, Vokonas P, Schwartz J, Baccarelli AA. Traffic-Related Air Pollution, Blood Pressure, and Adaptive Response of Mitochondrial Abundance. Circulation 2015; 133:378-87. [PMID: 26660284 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.115.018802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to black carbon (BC), a tracer of vehicular-traffic pollution, is associated with increased blood pressure (BP). Identifying biological factors that attenuate BC effects on BP can inform prevention. We evaluated the role of mitochondrial abundance, an adaptive mechanism compensating for cellular-redox imbalance, in the BC-BP relationship. METHODS AND RESULTS At ≥ 1 visits among 675 older men from the Normative Aging Study (observations=1252), we assessed daily BP and ambient BC levels from a stationary monitor. To determine blood mitochondrial abundance, we used whole blood to analyze mitochondrial-to-nuclear DNA ratio (mtDNA/nDNA) using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Every standard deviation increase in the 28-day BC moving average was associated with 1.97 mm Hg (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23-2.72; P<0.0001) and 3.46 mm Hg (95% CI, 2.06-4.87; P<0.0001) higher diastolic and systolic BP, respectively. Positive BC-BP associations existed throughout all time windows. BC moving averages (5-day to 28-day) were associated with increased mtDNA/nDNA; every standard deviation increase in 28-day BC moving average was associated with 0.12 standard deviation (95% CI, 0.03-0.20; P=0.007) higher mtDNA/nDNA. High mtDNA/nDNA significantly attenuated the BC-systolic BP association throughout all time windows. The estimated effect of 28-day BC moving average on systolic BP was 1.95-fold larger for individuals at the lowest mtDNA/nDNA quartile midpoint (4.68 mm Hg; 95% CI, 3.03-6.33; P<0.0001), in comparison with the top quartile midpoint (2.40 mm Hg; 95% CI, 0.81-3.99; P=0.003). CONCLUSIONS In older adults, short-term to moderate-term ambient BC levels were associated with increased BP and blood mitochondrial abundance. Our findings indicate that increased blood mitochondrial abundance is a compensatory response and attenuates the cardiac effects of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhong
- From Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (J.Z., A.C., L.T., M.S.-G., C.P., M.-A.B., D.P., H.L., K.J.M.B., A.D., J.S., A.A.B.); Vocational Health College, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey (A.C.); Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore (X.L.); Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (M.-A.B.); Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico (D.P.); and VA Normative Aging Study, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System and the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (D.S., P.V.)
| | - Akin Cayir
- From Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (J.Z., A.C., L.T., M.S.-G., C.P., M.-A.B., D.P., H.L., K.J.M.B., A.D., J.S., A.A.B.); Vocational Health College, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey (A.C.); Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore (X.L.); Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (M.-A.B.); Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico (D.P.); and VA Normative Aging Study, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System and the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (D.S., P.V.)
| | - Letizia Trevisi
- From Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (J.Z., A.C., L.T., M.S.-G., C.P., M.-A.B., D.P., H.L., K.J.M.B., A.D., J.S., A.A.B.); Vocational Health College, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey (A.C.); Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore (X.L.); Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (M.-A.B.); Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico (D.P.); and VA Normative Aging Study, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System and the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (D.S., P.V.)
| | - Marco Sanchez-Guerra
- From Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (J.Z., A.C., L.T., M.S.-G., C.P., M.-A.B., D.P., H.L., K.J.M.B., A.D., J.S., A.A.B.); Vocational Health College, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey (A.C.); Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore (X.L.); Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (M.-A.B.); Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico (D.P.); and VA Normative Aging Study, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System and the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (D.S., P.V.)
| | - Xinyi Lin
- From Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (J.Z., A.C., L.T., M.S.-G., C.P., M.-A.B., D.P., H.L., K.J.M.B., A.D., J.S., A.A.B.); Vocational Health College, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey (A.C.); Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore (X.L.); Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (M.-A.B.); Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico (D.P.); and VA Normative Aging Study, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System and the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (D.S., P.V.)
| | - Cheng Peng
- From Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (J.Z., A.C., L.T., M.S.-G., C.P., M.-A.B., D.P., H.L., K.J.M.B., A.D., J.S., A.A.B.); Vocational Health College, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey (A.C.); Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore (X.L.); Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (M.-A.B.); Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico (D.P.); and VA Normative Aging Study, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System and the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (D.S., P.V.)
| | - Marie-Abèle Bind
- From Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (J.Z., A.C., L.T., M.S.-G., C.P., M.-A.B., D.P., H.L., K.J.M.B., A.D., J.S., A.A.B.); Vocational Health College, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey (A.C.); Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore (X.L.); Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (M.-A.B.); Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico (D.P.); and VA Normative Aging Study, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System and the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (D.S., P.V.)
| | - Diddier Prada
- From Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (J.Z., A.C., L.T., M.S.-G., C.P., M.-A.B., D.P., H.L., K.J.M.B., A.D., J.S., A.A.B.); Vocational Health College, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey (A.C.); Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore (X.L.); Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (M.-A.B.); Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico (D.P.); and VA Normative Aging Study, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System and the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (D.S., P.V.)
| | - Hannah Laue
- From Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (J.Z., A.C., L.T., M.S.-G., C.P., M.-A.B., D.P., H.L., K.J.M.B., A.D., J.S., A.A.B.); Vocational Health College, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey (A.C.); Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore (X.L.); Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (M.-A.B.); Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico (D.P.); and VA Normative Aging Study, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System and the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (D.S., P.V.)
| | - Kasey J M Brennan
- From Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (J.Z., A.C., L.T., M.S.-G., C.P., M.-A.B., D.P., H.L., K.J.M.B., A.D., J.S., A.A.B.); Vocational Health College, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey (A.C.); Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore (X.L.); Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (M.-A.B.); Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico (D.P.); and VA Normative Aging Study, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System and the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (D.S., P.V.)
| | - Alexandra Dereix
- From Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (J.Z., A.C., L.T., M.S.-G., C.P., M.-A.B., D.P., H.L., K.J.M.B., A.D., J.S., A.A.B.); Vocational Health College, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey (A.C.); Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore (X.L.); Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (M.-A.B.); Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico (D.P.); and VA Normative Aging Study, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System and the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (D.S., P.V.)
| | - David Sparrow
- From Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (J.Z., A.C., L.T., M.S.-G., C.P., M.-A.B., D.P., H.L., K.J.M.B., A.D., J.S., A.A.B.); Vocational Health College, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey (A.C.); Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore (X.L.); Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (M.-A.B.); Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico (D.P.); and VA Normative Aging Study, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System and the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (D.S., P.V.)
| | - Pantel Vokonas
- From Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (J.Z., A.C., L.T., M.S.-G., C.P., M.-A.B., D.P., H.L., K.J.M.B., A.D., J.S., A.A.B.); Vocational Health College, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey (A.C.); Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore (X.L.); Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (M.-A.B.); Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico (D.P.); and VA Normative Aging Study, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System and the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (D.S., P.V.)
| | - Joel Schwartz
- From Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (J.Z., A.C., L.T., M.S.-G., C.P., M.-A.B., D.P., H.L., K.J.M.B., A.D., J.S., A.A.B.); Vocational Health College, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey (A.C.); Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore (X.L.); Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (M.-A.B.); Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico (D.P.); and VA Normative Aging Study, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System and the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (D.S., P.V.)
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- From Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (J.Z., A.C., L.T., M.S.-G., C.P., M.-A.B., D.P., H.L., K.J.M.B., A.D., J.S., A.A.B.); Vocational Health College, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey (A.C.); Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore (X.L.); Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (M.-A.B.); Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico (D.P.); and VA Normative Aging Study, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System and the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (D.S., P.V.).
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Abstract
Environmental exposure is an important but underappreciated risk factor contributing to the development and severity of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The heart and vascular system are highly vulnerable to a number of environmental agents--ambient air pollution and the metals arsenic, cadmium, and lead are widespread and the most-extensively studied. Like traditional risk factors, such as smoking and diabetes mellitus, these exposures advance disease and mortality via augmentation or initiation of pathophysiological processes associated with CVD, including blood-pressure control, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, vascular function, and atherogenesis. Although residence in highly polluted areas is associated with high levels of cardiovascular risk, adverse effects on cardiovascular health also occur at exposure levels below current regulatory standards. Considering the widespread prevalence of exposure, even modest contributions to CVD risk can have a substantial effect on population health. Evidence-based clinical and public-health strategies aimed at reducing environmental exposures from current levels could substantially lower the burden of CVD-related death and disability worldwide.
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Qin XD, Qian Z, Vaughn MG, Trevathan E, Emo B, Paul G, Ren WH, Hao YT, Dong GH. Gender-specific differences of interaction between obesity and air pollution on stroke and cardiovascular diseases in Chinese adults from a high pollution range area: A large population based cross sectional study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 529:243-8. [PMID: 26022408 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little information exists regarding the interaction effects of obesity with long-term air pollution exposure on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and stroke in areas of high pollution. The aim of the present study is to examine whether obesity modifies CVD-related associations among people living in an industrial province of northeast China. METHODS We studied 24,845 Chinese adults, aged 18 to 74 years old, from three Northeastern Chinese cities in 2009 utilizing a cross-sectional study design. Body weight and height were measured by trained observers. Overweight and obesity were defined as a body mass index (BMI) between 25-29.9 and ≥30 kg/m(2), respectively. Prevalence rate and related risk factors of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were investigated by a questionnaire. Three-year (2006-2008) average concentrations of particulate matter (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxides (NO2), and ozone (O3) were measured by fixed monitoring stations. All the participants lived within 1 km of air monitoring sites. Two-level logistic regression (personal level and district-specific pollutant level) was used to examine these effects, controlling for covariates. RESULTS We observed significant interactions between exposure and obesity on CVDs and stroke. The associations between annual pollutant concentrations and CVDs and stroke were strongest in obese subjects (OR 1.15-1.47 for stroke, 1.33-1.59 for CVDs), less strong in overweight subjects (OR 1.22-1.35 for stroke, 1.07-1.13 for CVDs), and weakest in normal weight subjects (OR ranged from 0.98-1.01 for stroke, 0.93-1.15 for CVDs). When stratified by gender, these interactions were significant only in women. CONCLUSIONS Study findings indicate that being overweight and obese may enhance the effects of air pollution on the prevalence of CVDs and stroke in Northeastern metropolitan China. Further studies will be needed to investigate the temporality of BMI relative to exposure and onset of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Di Qin
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Zhengmin Qian
- Department of Epidemiology, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Michael G Vaughn
- School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Edwin Trevathan
- Department of Epidemiology, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Brett Emo
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Gunther Paul
- Facuty of Health, School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Wan-Hui Ren
- Department of Ambient Air Pollution Monitor, Shenyang Environmental Monitoring Center, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Yuan-Tao Hao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China.
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Stapleton PA, Abukabda AB, Hardy SL, Nurkiewicz TR. Xenobiotic pulmonary exposure and systemic cardiovascular response via neurological links. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 309:H1609-20. [PMID: 26386111 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00546.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The cardiovascular response to xenobiotic particle exposure has been increasingly studied over the last two decades, producing an extraordinary scope and depth of research findings. With the flourishing of nanotechnology, the term "xenobiotic particles" has expanded to encompass not only air pollution particulate matter (PM) but also anthropogenic particles, such as engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). Historically, the majority of research in these fields has focused on pulmonary exposure and the adverse physiological effects associated with a host inflammatory response or direct particle-tissue interactions. Because these hypotheses can neither account entirely for the deleterious cardiovascular effects of xenobiotic particle exposure nor their time course, the case for substantial neurological involvement is apparent. Indeed, considerable evidence suggests that not only is neural involvement a significant contributor but also a reality that needs to be investigated more thoroughly when assessing xenobiotic particle toxicities. Therefore, the scope of this review is several-fold. First, we provide a brief overview of the major anatomical components of the central and peripheral nervous systems, giving consideration to the potential biologic targets affected by inhaled particles. Second, the autonomic arcs and mechanisms that may be involved are reviewed. Third, the cardiovascular outcomes following neurological responses are discussed. Lastly, unique problems, future risks, and hurdles associated with xenobiotic particle exposure are discussed. A better understanding of these neural issues may facilitate research that in conjunction with existing research, will ultimately prevent the untoward cardiovascular outcomes associated with PM exposures and/or identify safe ENMs for the advancement of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe A Stapleton
- Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Alaeddin B Abukabda
- Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Steven L Hardy
- Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia; and
| | - Timothy R Nurkiewicz
- Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
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